View source for 2002 Commonwealth Games

{{Short description|Multi-sport event in Manchester, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}{{Infobox games
| name         = XVII Commonwealth Games
| logo         = 2002 Commonwealth Games logo.svg
| size         = 175
| host_city    = [[Manchester]], England
| caption      =
| nations      = 72<ref>The four [[Home Nations]] of the United Kingdom – England, [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland]] – send separate teams to the Commonwealth Games, as do the three [[Crown dependencies]] – [[Jersey]], the [[Isle of Man]] and [[Guernsey]] – and 9 of the 14 [[British Overseas Territories]]. The [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]], non-sovereign territories in [[Associated state|free association]] with New Zealand, and [[Norfolk Island]], an [[states and territories of Australia#External territories|external territory]] of Australia, also compete separately. There are thus 53 members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], but 72 competing teams at the Commonwealth Games.</ref>
| athletes     = 3,863
| events       = 281 in 17 sports
| opening      = 25 July 2002
| closing      = 4 August 2002
| opened_by    = [[Elizabeth II]]
| closed_by    = [[Elizabeth II]]
| motto        = The Spirit of Friendship<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m2002.thecgf.com/Home/Festival/default.asp|title=Spirit of Friendship Festival|publisher=Manchester 2002 Ltd|date=Summer 2002|access-date=2 May 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530184449/http://m2002.thecgf.com/Home/Festival/default.asp|archive-date= 30 May 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
| anthem       = [[Faith of the Heart|Where My Heart Will Take Me]] by [[Russell Watson]]
| athlete_oath = [[James Hickman]]
| Queens_Baton = [[David Beckham]] and<br />[[Kirsty Howard]]
| stadium      = [[City of Manchester Stadium]]
| previous     = [[1998 Commonwealth Games|XVI]]
| next         = [[2006 Commonwealth Games|XVIII]] 
}}

The '''2002 Commonwealth Games''', officially known as the '''XVII Commonwealth Games''' and commonly known as '''Manchester 2002''', were an international [[multi-sport event]] for the members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] held in [[Manchester]], [[England]], from 25 July to 4 August 2002. According to planning, this event was to be held in a country in the United Kingdom as part of the [[Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II]], head of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. England was the only bidder for the event and, in an internal process, Manchester was selected for the 2002 Games ahead of [[London]]. The Manchester bid used projects which were part of the failed bid for the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] and [[2000 Summer Paralympics|Paralympics]], which were awarded to [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Commonwealth Games: Manchester celebrates capital conquest: London loses out to Olympic rival in fight for the right to present England's bid |last=Rowbottom |first=Mike |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-manchester-celebrates-capital-conquest-london-loses-out-to-olympic-rival-in-fight-for-the-right-to-present-englands-bid-1391745.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-manchester-celebrates-capital-conquest-london-loses-out-to-olympic-rival-in-fight-for-the-right-to-present-englands-bid-1391745.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The Independent |date=3 February 1994 |access-date=20 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The 2002 [[Commonwealth Games]] was, prior to the [[2012 Summer Olympics]], the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the UK, eclipsing the London [[1948 Summer Olympics]] in terms of teams and athletes participating.<ref>{{Cite news |title=City of Manchester Stadium: The Wembley rescuers |last=Hubbard |first=Alan |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/city-of-manchester-stadium-the-wembley-rescuers-1132001.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/city-of-manchester-stadium-the-wembley-rescuers-1132001.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Independent |date=12 December 1999 |access-date=12 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://research.northumbria.ac.uk/urbanfutures/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Cook-and-Ward-2011-Transurban-networks-of-learning-Manchester-Urban-Studies.pdf |title=Cook, I. R. and Ward, K. (2011) Trans-urban networks of learning, mega-events and policy tourism: The case of Manchester's Commonwealth and Olympic Games projects, Urban Studies 48 (12), 2519–2535 |access-date=6 April 2012 |archive-date=18 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518103255/http://research.northumbria.ac.uk/urbanfutures/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Cook-and-Ward-2011-Transurban-networks-of-learning-Manchester-Urban-Studies.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 2002 Commonwealth Games had the largest number of events of any Commonwealth Games in history, featuring 281 events across 17 sports.

The event was considered a success for the host city, providing an opportunity to display how Manchester reeinvented itself as city, following the [[1996 Manchester bombing|1996 IRA bombing]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Golden future for Games city |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2144426.stm |work=BBC News |date=23 July 2002 |access-date=9 June 2012 |first=David |last=Schaffer}}</ref> The Games formed the main catalyst for the widespread regeneration and heavy development of Manchester and bolstered its reputation as a European and [[global city]] internationally. Rapid [[Economy of Manchester|economic development]] and continued [[urban renewal|urban regeneration]] of the now post-industrial Manchester continued after the Games, which helped cement its place as one of the principal cultural cities in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester's boom shows what can be achieved when councils work together |url=https://www.theguardian.com/local-government-network/2013/oct/15/manchester-private-sector-growth-jobs-expansion|work=The Guardian|date=15 October 2013 |access-date=2014-07-27}}</ref>

The opening and closing ceremonies, the athletics, and the rugby sevens events were held at the [[City of Manchester Stadium]], which was purpose-built for the Games. Unusually for a Commonwealth Games, the only sport that was held outside the host city was shooting, which was held in the National Shooting Centre in [[Bisley, Surrey]], some {{convert|200|mi|km|0}} from Manchester. Seventy-two associations competed in 14 individual sports and 3 team sports events.

Sporting legacy includes the [[British Cycling]] team, which inherited the [[Manchester Velodrome]] and went on to win [[Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics#Medal summary|eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympics]] and [[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics#Medal summary|another eight gold medals at the 2012 Olympics]], partly attributed to the availability of the velodrome. The stadium was leased long-term to [[Manchester City F.C.]], and, as a result, they have since found themselves in a desirable investment opportunity in the age of foreign football investment. The club was taken over by the [[Abu Dhabi United Group]] led by [[Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Mansour]] in 2008, a takeover that would have been far less certain without the stadium.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sheikh Mansour needs his money to be spent on flair not caution |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/nov/11/manchester-city-sheikh-mansour |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 November 2010 |access-date=4 September 2011 |first=Paul |last=Hayward}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Abu Dhabi empire building reaches east Manchester |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/oct/08/premierleague.manchestercity |newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 October 2008 |access-date=4 September 2011 |first=David |last=Conn}}</ref> The Games were a formative moment for Manchester and Britain, with then-IOC president Jacques Rogge viewing the games as an important litmus test as to whether Britain could host the Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rogge rules out joint Olympic bid |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/front_page/newsid_2142000/2142039.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 August 2002 |access-date=2014-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rogge rules out joint Olympic bid |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/front_page/newsid_2142000/2142039.stm |work=BBC News |date=23 July 2014 |access-date=2014-07-23}}</ref> The success of the Games quickly encouraged some speculation of a city bid for the Olympics, but [[London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics]] and Paralympics, with London going on to win the bid on 6 July 2005 and the games were successfully staged seven years later.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Can Britain stage the Olympics? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/sports_talk/newsid_2173000/2173240.stm |work=BBC News |date=5 August 2002 |access-date=9 June 2012}}</ref>

== Host city selection ==
[[File:Manchester Sky.jpg|thumb|Manchester was selected by the [[Commonwealth Games England|Commonwealth Games Council of England]] as the official bid city from England for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.]]
When England decided to bid for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, three English cities – [[London]], [[Manchester]] and [[Sheffield]] -showed interest in hosting the Games. The [[Commonwealth Games England|Commonwealth Games Council of England]] (CGCE) had to choose one city to put forward to the [[Commonwealth Games Federation]] (CGF). London had hosted the [[1934 commonwealth games|1934 Commonwealth Games]] as well as the [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908]] and [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948]] Summer Olympics, while Sheffield had hosted the [[1991 Summer Universiade]]. Manchester had unsuccessfully bid for the [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996]] and [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000]] Summer Olympics, and [[Bob Scott (businessman)|Bob Scott]], chairman of the [[Manchester bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic bid committees]], led the bid for another big event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-manchester-plans-bid-1503597.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-manchester-plans-bid-1503597.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Commonwealth Games: Manchester plans bid|date=1993-11-11|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Sheffield withdrew from the bidding process when the city was unable to come to agreement over financial guarantees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/the-lost-sporting-city-of-sheffield-283712.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110142335/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/the-lost-sporting-city-of-sheffield-283712.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2020|title=The lost sporting city of Sheffield|date=2000-03-26|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> This left the 24 members of the CGCE to choose between Manchester and London, with Manchester winning 17–7.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1994-02-03 |title=Manchester Games bid off the blocks |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/61785/manchester-games-bid-blocks |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Cities from no other countries submitted bids and so Manchester was announced as the host city of the 2002 Games on 6 November 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lgcplus.com/archive/manchester-wins-commonwealth-games-bid-06-11-1995/|title=MANCHESTER WINS COMMONWEALTH GAMES BID|date=1995-11-06|website=Local Government Chronicle (LGC)|language=en|access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+2002 Commonwealth Games bidding results
|-
!City
!Nation
!Votes
|-
|[[Manchester]]
|{{Flag|England}}
|Unanimous
|}

== Preparation and development ==
=== Venues ===
[[File:Manchester-city-fc-stadium.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[City of Manchester Stadium]] hosted Athletics and Rugby Sevens events]]
[[File:CWG027 Manchester Aquatics Centre.jpg|thumb|[[Manchester Aquatics Centre]] hosted Diving and Swimming events|left]]
[[File:MEN Arena, Manchester - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The [[Manchester Arena]] hosted the boxing and netball events|left]]
[[File:Manchester Velodrome.jpg|thumb|[[Manchester Velodrome]] hosted the track cycling programme]]
[[File:Manchester Central Arena.jpg|left|thumb|[[Manchester Central Convention Complex]] hosted gymnastics, judo, weightlifting and wrestling]]
[[File:Bolton Arena, Entrance - geograph.org.uk - 1221257.jpg|thumb|[[Bolton Arena]] hosted badminton]]
The Games' main venue was the [[City of Manchester Stadium]] (now Etihad Stadium), which hosted all athletics events, the rugby sevens and the opening and closing ceremonies. The stadium was a smaller and downscaled  version of that proposed during Manchester's bid for the [[2000 Summer Olympics bids|2000 Summer Olympics]]. Construction started in January 2000,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cae.org.uk/casemanchester.html|title=City of Manchester Stadium|work=Centre for Accessible Environments|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719215927/http://www.cae.org.uk/casemanchester.html|archive-date=19 July 2006|url-status=dead|access-date=22 July 2006}}</ref> and was completed shortly before the Games. The cost was approximately £110 million, £77 million of which was provided by [[Sport England]], with the remainder funded by [[Manchester City Council]].<ref name="legacy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gameslegacy.com/cgi-bin/index.cgi/30|title=City of Manchester Stadium|work=Commonwealth Games Legacy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103144802/http://www.gameslegacy.com/cgi-bin/index.cgi/30|archive-date=3 January 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=27 August 2006}}</ref> For the Commonwealth Games the stadium featured a single lower tier running around three sides of the [[athletics (sport)|athletics]] track, and second tiers to the two sides, with an open-air temporary stand at one end, giving an overall capacity of 41,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/a-question-of-sport/175036.article|title=a question of sport|last=Taylor|first=David|date=16 May 2002|work=The Architects Journal|access-date=11 June 2012}}</ref> The stadium formed the centrepiece of an area known as [[Sportcity]]. Other venues in Sportcity include the [[Manchester Velodrome]], which hosted cycling, and the £3.5 million [[National Squash Centre]], which was built specifically for the Games.<ref name="squashcentre">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2005/09/21/national_squash_centre_venue_feature.shtml|title=National Squash Centre|work=BBC|access-date=2 May 2008}}</ref>

Swimming and diving events took place at [[Manchester Aquatics Centre]], another purpose-built venue, and until 2012,was the only one in the United Kingdom with two 50 metre pools.<ref name="aquatics">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/spl/venue_guide/html/aquatics_ctr.stm|title=Venue Guide: Manchester Aquatics Centre|work=BBC|access-date=2 May 2008}}</ref>

The [[Manchester Arena]] built in 1994, at the time was the largest arena in Europe hosted [[netball]] finals and [[boxing]] preliminares.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/spl/venue_guide/html/man_arena.stm|title=Venue Guide: Manchester Evening News Arena|date=23 July 2014|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2014-07-23}}</ref>

The shooting events were held at the [[National Shooting Centre]] (NSC), Bisley (located in Surrey). The NSC saw major redevelopment of all its ranges in order to host the fullbore rifle, smallbore rifle, pistol and clay target events.

=== Athletes' village ===
The athletes' village of the event was located in the residential area of the [[University of Manchester]] Fallowfield Campus -in an area of 30 acres, being built specifically for the event and after the event, the buildings were donated to the university and turned an expansion of the housing complex.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m2002.thecgf.com/The_Games/Village/default.asp|title=Athlete's Village|website=m2002.thecgf.com}}</ref>

=== Queen's jubilee baton relay ===
[[File:Bilston St.-Garrick St. - geograph.org.uk - 536739.jpg|thumb|The [[Queen's Baton Relay]] passes through [[Wolverhampton]] before the 2002 Commonwealth Games in [[Manchester]].]]
The [[Queen's Baton Relay#Manchester 2002|2002]] [[Queen's Baton Relay|Queen's Jubilee Baton Relay]], the continuation of a tradition that started with the [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|1958 Games]], consisted of the relay of an electronic baton, containing a personal message from [[Elizabeth II]] across 23 Commonwealth nations. The relay culminated in the arrival of the baton at the City of Manchester Stadium, opening the Games. The speech was then removed electronically from the baton, and read by Her Majesty to open the Games.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southport Reporter.|url=http://www.southportreporter.com/43/southportreporter43-main.shtml|access-date=2022-11-28|website=www.southportreporter.com}}</ref>

The 2002 Baton itself was designed by a company called IDEO, and was constructed of machined [[aluminium]] with the handle plated for conductivity. It weighed 1.69&nbsp;kg, reached over 710&nbsp;mm, and was 42.5&nbsp;mm to 85&nbsp;mm in diameter. The Queen's message itself was held in an aluminium capsule inserted into the top of the Baton. On either side of the Baton were two [[sterling silver]] coins, designed by [[Mappin and Webb]], which celebrated the City of Manchester as host of the XVII Commonwealth Games.

The Baton was also equipped with sensors that detected and monitored the Runner's pulse rate. This information was then conveyed to a series of [[light-emitting diode]]s (LEDs), via a light behaviour module. The lens then transformed the LEDs into a shaft of bright blue pulsating light which synchronised with each new Runner. The hearts of the Runner and the Baton then beat as one until it was passed on, symbolising the journey of humanity and the essence of life.

The Queen's Jubilee Baton Relay passed through over 500 cities, towns and villages across the UK and the Baton was carried by 5,000 individuals, with each Runner carrying the Baton up to 500 yards, however on Saturday 15 June, the baton was snatched from a runners hand in the town of [[Connah's Quay]], [[Deeside]] in [[north Wales]].

The UK Baton Runners were made up of people from all walks of life including athletes, celebrities and local heroes from all over the country. Around 2500 Jubilee Runners were nominated by the community to carry the Baton, because they made a special contribution to their community or achieved a personal goal against the odds.

The judging of the Jubilee Runners was conducted by a panel of judges under the supervision of The [[Duke of Edinburgh's Award]] in January 2002. The relay was sponsored by [[Cadbury Schweppes]], a major UK confectionery and soft drinks manufacturer.

=== Budget ===
The cost of hosting the 2002 Commonwealth Games was estimated at £300 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/commonwealth-games-corruption-chaos-amp-a-race-to-avert-a-crisis-2057234.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/commonwealth-games-corruption-chaos-amp-a-race-to-avert-a-crisis-2057234.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Commonwealth Games: Corruption, chaos & a race to avert a crisis|date=20 August 2010|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=25 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Prior to the games, a £100 million was required to fill a financial black hole and the government agreed to provide the funding required,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/02/sport.peterhetherington?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487|title=Manchester gets £100m lifeline to fund games|last=Hetherington|first=Peter|date=2 July 2001|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> despite some believing that £300 million was too much.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2001/jul/25/commonwealthgames2002.commonwealthgames|title=Why Manchester may rue the day it won the Commonwealth Games|last=Chaudhary|first=Vivek|date=25 July 2001|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref>

=== Cultureshock and Festival Live ===
{{See also|Cultureshock at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
Cultureshock was the Commonwealth Games Cultural Programme which ran alongside the Games themselves. The events ranged from images of the athlete as hero in sculpture and photography ('''Go! Freeze''', which ran at Turton Tower in [[Bolton]]) to a [[Zulu people|Zulu]] performance at [[The Lowry]]. There was an exhibition at the [[Whitworth Art Gallery]] called '''Tales of Power: West African Textiles''', and a performance of the film [[Monsoon Wedding]] at [[Clwyd Theatr Cymru]]. The geographical range was from [[Cheshire]] in the south to [[Blackburn]] and [[Cumbria]] in the north, and included that year the various [[Mela]]s that take place around the region.

Cultureshock also ensured that a wide range of cultural events and acts reached the "man on the street", with the [[Manchester city centre|city centre of Manchester]] filled with bands, performers, and artists of various forms entertaining the thousands of visitors to the Games. It also coincided with the BBC's 2002 Festival Live series of open-air concerts and celebrations around the country, held to celebrate the Queen's [[Golden Jubilee]]. Many of the cultural events were covered by the [[BBC 2002]] radio station covering the games.

=== Opening ceremony ===
[[File:CWG007 Opening Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Opening Ceremony]]
The Project & Artistic Director for the Opening Ceremony was [[David Zolkwer]]. Five-time Olympic champion [[Steve Redgrave|Sir Steve Redgrave]] opened the two-and-a-quarter-hour opening ceremony by banging a large drum, which initiated a co-ordinated dance and fireworks act. The champion rower was joined on the stage by sporting stars including yachtswoman [[Ellen MacArthur]], heptathlete [[Denise Lewis]], long-distance runner [[Moses Kiptanui]], swimmer [[Susie O'Neill]] and sprinter [[Donovan Bailey]]. The [[Grenadier Guards]] shared the arena with pop band [[S Club]] and [[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]]-born opera singer [[Russell Watson]] sang the Games' theme, "[[Faith of the Heart]]", while the arrival of HM [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] was greeted with a [[flypast]] by the [[Red Arrows]]. England football captain [[David Beckham]] helped chaperone Queen's Baton final runner [[Kirsty Howard]], assisting the terminally ill six-year-old to hand the baton to The Queen. A 4,000-strong cast took part in the £12 million spectacular, which in theme and tone consisted of a mix of "pomp and pop", combining the ceremonial aspects of the Games with a party-style atmosphere, based on Manchester's reputation as the party city of "[[Madchester]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/2002-commonwealth-games-opening-ceremony-7417848|title=WATCH: Relive the 2002 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony in full|last=Swettenham|first=Lee|date=2014-07-15|website=men|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> The ceremony was voiced by broadcaster [[Anthony Davis (comedian)|Anthony Davis]].

[[File:CWG015 Opening Ceremony Athletes Parade.jpg|thumb|Athletes Parade at the Opening Ceremony]]
The traditional athletes' parade was led by previous hosts [[Malaysia]], and England brought up the rear before The Queen as the [[Head of the Commonwealth]], declared the Games open:

"All of us participating in this ceremony tonight, whether athletes or spectators, or those watching on television around the world, can share in the ideals of this unique association of nations,"

"We can all draw inspiration from what the Commonwealth stands for, our diversity as a source of strength, our tradition of tolerance&nbsp;... our focus on young people, for they are our future."

"It is my pleasure in this my Golden Jubilee Year to declare the 17th Commonwealth Games open."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.royal.uk/opening-ceremony-17th-commonwealth-games-manchester-25-july-2002|title=Opening ceremony of the 17th Commonwealth Games, Manchester, 25 July 2002|last=Ciara.Berry|date=2002-07-25|website=The Royal Family|language=en|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref>

=== Closing ceremony ===
The Project & Artistic Director for the Closing Ceremony was [[David Zolkwer]]. The Queen ended 11 days of competition at a rain-drenched closing ceremony in the City of Manchester Stadium. She declared the Games closed in front of a {{Formatnum:38000}} sell-out crowd gathered in the stadium. She also called on the athletes to assemble again in four years in [[Melbourne]] and to continue displaying the "friendship" they had shown in Manchester. The ceremony, attended by [[Prime Minister]] [[Tony Blair]] and several other dignitaries, took place in pouring rain and like the opening ceremony, mixed "pomp with pop". Australian Ian Thorpe, the star of the Games with his six swimming golds, carried his national flag into the arena, along with athletes from each of the other competing countries. Around {{Formatnum:40000}} balloons were released into the rainy Manchester sky as the ceremony concluded with a spectacular fireworks display.

Closing ceremony highlights included:<ref name="games hailed a success">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/front_page/newsid_2170000/2170044.stm|title=Manchester games hailed a success|date=3 August 2002|access-date=2 May 2008|work=BBC Sport|format=http}}</ref>

*Children covering themselves with red, blue and white paint to portray a giant British flag before unveiling a giant portrait of The Queen as a Golden Jubilee gift.
*The athletes bringing their national flags into the stadium
*South African swimmer [[Natalie du Toit]] being honoured as the outstanding athlete of the Games.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/swimming/newsid_2172000/2172596.stm|title=Du Toit voted top athlete|last=Anon|date=4 August 2002|work=BBC Sport|access-date=6 October 2010|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
*The symbolic handover of the Commonwealth Games Ceremonial Flag to [[Melbourne]], host city for the 2006 Games.
*A spectacular presentation with over {{Formatnum:1700}} lanterns, which ended with the message 'Seek Peace' lit up in vast letters on the floor of the arena.
*[[Coronation Street]] stars [[Steven Arnold|Steve Arnold]] and [[Tracy Shaw]] (who played characters [[Ashley Peacock|Ashley]] and [[Maxine Peacock]]) arriving in one of 40 [[Morris Minor]]s which became the centre of a song-and-dance showpiece.
*Hip-hop DJ [[Grandmaster Flash]] encouraging the massed ranks to "make some noise" as athletes and volunteers poured into the arena to music from the likes of [[Will Young]], [[Dave Stewart (Eurythmics)|Dave Stewart]], [[Heather Small]], [[Jimmy Cliff]] and [[Toploader]].
*Australian singer [[Vanessa Amorosi]] sang her signature tune, ''Shine'' and a song about the city of Melbourne, "I'll always be a Melbourne girl" just as it began to pour with rain.

== Participating teams ==
There were 73 participating countries, territories and Commonwealth regions at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. The 2002 event marked the last time [[Zimbabwe]] has participated to date; Zimbabwe formally withdrew from the Commonwealth of Nations the following year.<ref>{{Cite journal| date=January 2004 |title=Editorial: CHOGM 2003, Abuja, Nigeria |journal=[[The Round Table Journal|The Round Table]]|volume=93|issue=373|pages=3–6|doi=10.1080/0035853042000188139|s2cid=219624427 }}</ref>
[[File:Commonwealth games 2002 countries map.PNG|thumb|500x500px|Nations competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in [[Manchester]]|alt=|center]]

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Participating Commonwealth Countries & Territories
|-
|
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
*{{flaglink|Anguilla|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Antigua and Barbuda|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Australia|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Bahamas|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Bangladesh|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Barbados|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Belize|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Bermuda|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Botswana|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|British Virgin Islands|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Brunei|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Cameroon|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Canada|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Cayman Islands|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Cook Islands|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Cyprus|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Dominica|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|England|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}} '''(host)'''
*{{flaglink|Falkland Islands|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Fiji|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Gambia|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Ghana|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Gibraltar|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Grenada|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Guernsey|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Guyana|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Hong Kong, China|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|India|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Isle of Man|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Jamaica|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Jersey|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Kenya|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Kiribati|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Lesotho|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|1987}}
*{{flaglink|Malawi|variant=1964|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Malaysia|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Maldives|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Malta|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Mauritius|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Montserrat|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Mozambique|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Namibia|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Nauru|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|New Zealand|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Nigeria|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Niue|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Norfolk Island|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Northern Ireland|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Pakistan|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Papua New Guinea|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Saint Helena|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Saint Kitts and Nevis|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Saint Lucia|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Samoa|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Scotland|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Seychelles|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Sierra Leone|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Singapore|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Solomon Islands|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|South Africa|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Sri Lanka|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Swaziland|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Tanzania|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Tonga|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Trinidad and Tobago|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Turks and Caicos Islands|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Tuvalu|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Uganda|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Vanuatu|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Wales|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Zambia|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
*{{flaglink|Zimbabwe|at the 2002 Commonwealth Games}}
{{div col end}}
|}

== Calendar ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; position:relative; width:60%;"
|-
|style="width:2.5em; background:#00cc33; text-align:center"|'''OC'''||Opening ceremony
|style="width:2.5em; background:#3399ff; text-align:center"|●||Event competitions
|style="width:2.5em; background:#ffcc00; text-align:center"|'''1'''||Gold medal events
|style="width:2.5em; background:#ee3333; text-align:center"|'''CC'''||Closing ceremony
|}
{| class=wikitable style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em; width:75%;"
|-
!style=width:18%; rowspan=2|July/August 2002
!colspan=7|July
!colspan=4|August
!style=width:6%; rowspan=2|Events
|-
!style="width:4%;"|25th<br />Thu
!style="width:4%;"|26th<br />Fri
!style="width:4%;"|27th<br />Sat
!style="width:4%;"|28th<br />Sun
!style="width:4%;"|29th<br />Mon
!style="width:4%;"|30th<br />Tue
!style="width:4%;"|31st<br />Wed
!style="width:4%;"|1st<br />Thu
!style="width:4%;"|2nd<br />Fri
!style="width:4%;"|3rd<br />Sat
!style="width:4%;"|4th<br />Sun
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Ceremonies|| style="background-color:#00cc33;text-align:center;" |'''OC'''||  || || || || || || || || ||style="background-color:#ee3333;text-align:center;" |'''CC'''|| {{n/a}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Athletics_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Women's Hammer Throw, Men's 10000 m|2}}'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's 3000 m Steeplechase, Discus throw, 100m, Women's 100 m, Heptathlon|5}}'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''12'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''9'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''7'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''13'''
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|
<!--4-->|
|'''48'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Badminton_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Badminton at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''1'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''5'''
|'''6'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Boxing_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Boxing at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''12'''
<!--4-->|
|'''12'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Cycling_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Cycling at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Time trial (men, women)|2}}'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=1000m time trial men, 500m time trial women|2}}'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Mountain bike (men, women)|2}}'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Women's points|1}}'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''2'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''3'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''3'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |{{tooltip|2=Road race (men, women)|2}}
<!--4-->|
|'''17'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Diving_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Aquatics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Diving]]
<!--25-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''2'''
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''2'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''2'''
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|
<!--31-->|
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|
<!--4-->|
|'''6'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Gymnastics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's team all-round|1}}'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Women's team all-round|1}}'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=men, women individual all-round|2}}'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men (floor, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bar, horizontal bar), Women (vault, uneven bar, balance beam, floor|10}}'''
<!--30-->|
<!--31-->|
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|
<!--4-->|
|'''14'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Hockey_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Hockey at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Women|1}}'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men|1}}'''
|'''2'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Judo_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Judo at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Judo]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's (60 kg, 66 kg), Women's (48 kg, 52 kg)|4}}'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's (90 kg, 81 kg, 73 kg), Women's (57 kg, 63 kg)|5}}'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's (100 kg, +100 kg), Women's (70 kg, 78 kg, +78 kg)|5}}'''
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|
<!--4-->|
|'''14'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Lawn bowls_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Lawn bowls at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Women's (four)|1}}'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's (four)|1}}'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's (triples disabled)|1}}'''
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Women's (singles blind)|1}}'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men's (singles, pair), Women's (singles, pair)|4}}'''
|'''8'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Netball_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Netball at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Netball]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--3-->|
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''1'''
|'''1'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Rugby sevens pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Rugby sevens at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Rugby sevens]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|
<!--31-->|
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''1'''
|'''1'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Shooting_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Shooting at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''5'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''6'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''5'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''6'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''3'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''6'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''4'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''5'''
<!--4-->|
|'''40'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Squash_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Squash at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''2'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''3'''
|'''5'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Swimming_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Aquatics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Swimming]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''5'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''5'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''9'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''5'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''11'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''7'''
|'''42'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Synchronized swimming_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Aquatics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Synchronised swimming]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''1'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''1'''
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|
<!--31-->|
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|
<!--4-->|
|'''2'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Triathlon_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Triathlon at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Triathlon]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|
<!--31-->|
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|
<!--3-->|
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Men, Women|2}}'''
|'''2'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Table tennis_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Table tennis at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--27-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--28-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--29-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=team|2}}'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Doubles|2}}'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''{{tooltip|2=Singles (M,W), Mixed, Women wheelchair singles|4}}'''
|'''8'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Weightlifting_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Weightlifting at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''9'''
<!--31-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''9'''
<!--1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''9'''
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''9'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''10'''
<!--4-->|
|'''46'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Wrestling_pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Wrestling at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
<!--25-->|
<!--26-->|
<!--27-->|
<!--28-->|
<!--29-->|
<!--30-->|
<!--31-->|
<!--1-->|
<!--2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff;" |'''●'''
<!--3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''4'''
<!--4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |'''3'''
|'''7'''
|-
!Daily medal events !! 2 !! 6 !! 16 !! 22 !! 26 !! 36 !! 40 !! 33 !! 21 !! 48 !! 31 !! rowspan=2|281
|-
!Cumulative total !! 2 !! 8 !! 24 !! 46 !! 72 !! 108 !! 148 !! 181 !! 202 !! 250 !! 281

|-
!rowspan=2|July/August 2002
!style="width:4%;"|25th<br />Thu
!style="width:4%;"|26th<br />Fri
!style="width:4%;"|27th<br />Sat
!style="width:4%;"|28th<br />Sun
!style="width:4%;"|29th<br />Mon
!style="width:4%;"|30th<br />Tue
!style="width:4%;"|31st<br />Wed
!style="width:4%;"|1st<br />Thu
!style="width:4%;"|2nd<br />Fri
!style="width:4%;"|3rd<br />Sat
!style="width:4%;"|4th<br />Sun
!rowspan=2|Total events
|-
!colspan=7|July
!colspan=4|August
|}

== Sports ==
{{Main|2002 Commonwealth Games results}}
There were the maximum of 17 sports included in the schedule for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Sport
! Venue
! Number of medal events
|-
|[[Aquatics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]]
|[[Manchester Aquatics Centre]]
| align="center" |{{nts|50}}
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
|[[City of Manchester Stadium]] (Track and field, Marathon), Salford Quays (race walking)
| align="center" |{{nts|48}}
|-
|[[Badminton at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]
|[[Bolton Arena]]
| align="center" |{{nts|6}}
|-
|[[Boxing at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
|[[Wythenshawe]] Forum, [[Manchester Arena]]
| align="center" |{{nts|12}}
|-
|[[Cycling at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]]
|[[Manchester Velodrome]] (track events), [[Rivington]] (road races)
| align="center" |{{nts|17}}
|-
|[[Gymnastics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]]
|[[Manchester Central Convention Complex]]
| align="center" |{{nts|15}}
|-
|[[Field Hockey at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]
|[[Belle Vue, Greater Manchester|Belle Vue]] Complex
| align="center" |{{nts|2}}
|-
|[[Judo at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Judo]]
|Manchester Central Convention Complex
| align="center" |{{nts|14}}
|-
|[[Lawn bowls at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]
|[[Heaton Park]]
| align="center" |{{nts|6}}
|-
|[[Netball at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Netball]]
|Manchester Arena
| align="center" |{{nts|1}}
|-
|[[Rugby Sevens at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Rugby Sevens]]
|City of Manchester Stadium
| align="center" |{{nts|1}}
|-
|[[Shooting at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]]
|[[National Shooting Centre|Bisley Shooting Centre]]
| align="center" |{{nts|40}}
|-
|[[Squash at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]
|[[National Squash Centre]]
| align="center" |{{nts|5}}
|-
|[[Table tennis at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
|Table Tennis Centre, [[Sportcity]]
| align="center" |{{nts|8}}
|-
|[[Triathlon at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Triathlon]]
|[[Salford Quays]]
| align="center" |{{nts|2}}
|-
|[[Weightlifting at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
|Manchester Central Convention Complex
| align="center" |{{nts|46}}
|-
|[[Wrestling at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
|Manchester Central Convention Complex
| align="center" |{{nts|7}}
|}

After experimenting with it on a smaller scale at the [[1994 Commonwealth Games]] and dropping it at the [[1998 Commonwealth Games|1998 Games]], [[Disabled sports|disabled competitions]] were held in swimming, athletics, bowls, table tennis and weightlifting ([[powerlifting]]). The medals were added to the final tally for each nation.

== Highlights ==
[[File:City of Manchester Stadium 2002.jpg|thumb|The [[City of Manchester Stadium]] during the Games]]

* Australian [[Ian Thorpe]] set a world record in the 400-metre freestyle [[swimming (sport)|swimming]].<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/swimming/newsid_2166000/2166261.stm|title=Thorpe's six of the best|last=Anon|date=2 August 2002|publisher=BBC|work=BBC Sport|access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>
* English swimmer [[Zoë Baker]] set a world record in the 50-metre breaststroke.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/swimming/newsid_2164000/2164763.stm|title=Baker charges to gold|last=Anon|date=31 July 2002|work=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>
* English track athlete [[Paula Radcliffe]] won her first major gold medal in the 5,000 metres,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/athletics/newsid_2157000/2157700.stm|title=Radcliffe roars to elusive gold|last=Anon|date=28 July 2002|work=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref> to record a time of 14:31.42, over 20 seconds ahead of silver medallist [[Edith Masai]] of [[Kenya]] and 1 minute 21 seconds faster than the inaugural running of the event four years earlier.
* In the final of the 100&nbsp;m for men ([[athletics (sport)|athletics]]), the two English favourites ([[Dwain Chambers]] & [[Mark Lewis-Francis]]) both pulled up with injuries. The race was won by [[Kim Collins]] of [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]], winning the country's first Commonwealth title.
*[[Simon Whitfield]] of [[Canada]], the 2000 Olympic champion and the 2008 Olympic silver medallist, won gold in the [[triathlon]].
* On the last day of track competition, England won gold in both the men's 4×100 and 4×400 relays by tiny margins, recording the same time (38.62) as the [[Jamaica]]n quartet in sprint relay and holding off a fast finishing [[Wales|Welsh]] team by 1/100 of a second in the longer race, with a winning time of 3:00.40.
* The women's 4×400 relay was won by Australia after the favoured Jamaican team dropped the baton.
* In winning the triple jump England's [[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]] simultaneously held the World, Olympic, European and Commonwealth championships and the World record. He would lose the European title a week later in Munich.
* Another world record was set in the 4000-metre team pursuit at the [[track cycling]] by the Australian team. [[Scotland|Scot]] [[Chris Hoy]] took the [[individual time trial]] and 19-year-old [[Nicole Cooke]] of Wales won the women's cycling road race.
* South African swimmer [[Natalie du Toit]] created history. As well as winning her events in the newly included [[disabled]] swimming event, the 18-year-old, missing the lower section of her left leg, made the final of the 800-metre able-bodied freestyle event in one of a small number of disabled sporting events integrated into the games.
*In gymnastics England's [[Beth Tweddle]] and Kanukai Jackson took gold in the [[asymmetric bars]] and all around events respectively. [[Herodotos Giorgallas]] also won the first gymnastics gold ever for [[Cyprus]] when tying with [[Scotland]]'s [[Steve Frew]].
*The host broadcaster of the games was the [[BBC]] and the International Broadcast Centre was located at the [[Manchester College of Arts and Technology]].

== Medal table ==
{{Medals table
 | caption        = 
 | host           =  Host nation (England)
 | show_limit     = 
 | remaining_text = 
 | flag_template  = flagCGF
 | event          = 2002
 | team           = CGA
 | gold_AUS = 82 | silver_AUS = 62 | bronze_AUS = 63
 | gold_ENG = 54 | silver_ENG = 51 | bronze_ENG = 60 | host_ENG = yes
 | gold_CAN = 31 | silver_CAN = 41 | bronze_CAN = 44
 | gold_IND = 30 | silver_IND = 22 | bronze_IND = 17
 | gold_NZL = 11 | silver_NZL = 13 | bronze_NZL = 21
 | gold_RSA = 9 | silver_RSA = 20 | bronze_RSA = 17
 | gold_CMR = 9 | silver_CMR = 1 | bronze_CMR = 2
 | gold_MAS = 7 | silver_MAS = 9 | bronze_MAS = 18
 | gold_WAL = 6 | silver_WAL = 13 | bronze_WAL = 12
 | gold_SCO = 6 | silver_SCO = 8 | bronze_SCO = 16
 | gold_NGR = 5 | silver_NGR = 3 | bronze_NGR = 11
 | gold_KEN = 4 | silver_KEN = 8 | bronze_KEN = 4
 | gold_JAM = 4 | silver_JAM = 6 | bronze_JAM = 7
 | gold_SIN = 4 | silver_SIN = 2 | bronze_SIN = 7
 | gold_BAH = 4 | silver_BAH = 0 | bronze_BAH = 4
 | gold_NRU = 2 | silver_NRU = 5 | bronze_NRU = 8
 | gold_NIR = 2 | silver_NIR = 2 | bronze_NIR = 1
 | gold_CYP = 2 | silver_CYP = 1 | bronze_CYP = 1
 | gold_PAK = 1 | silver_PAK = 3 | bronze_PAK = 4
 | gold_FIJ = 1 | silver_FIJ = 1 | bronze_FIJ = 1
 | gold_ZAM = 1 | silver_ZAM = 1 | bronze_ZAM = 1
 | gold_ZIM = 1 | silver_ZIM = 1 | bronze_ZIM = 0
 | gold_NAM = 1 | silver_NAM = 0 | bronze_NAM = 4
 | gold_TAN = 1 | silver_TAN = 0 | bronze_TAN = 1
 | gold_BAN = 1 | silver_BAN = 0 | bronze_BAN = 0
 | gold_GUY = 1 | silver_GUY = 0 | bronze_GUY = 0
 | gold_MOZ = 1 | silver_MOZ = 0 | bronze_MOZ = 0
 | gold_SKN = 1 | silver_SKN = 0 | bronze_SKN = 0
 | gold_BOT = 0 | silver_BOT = 2 | bronze_BOT = 1
 | gold_UGA = 0 | silver_UGA = 2 | bronze_UGA = 0
 | gold_SAM = 0 | silver_SAM = 1 | bronze_SAM = 2
 | gold_TRI = 0 | silver_TRI = 1 | bronze_TRI = 0
 | gold_BAR = 0 | silver_BAR = 0 | bronze_BAR = 1
 | gold_CAY = 0 | silver_CAY = 0 | bronze_CAY = 1
 | gold_GHA = 0 | silver_GHA = 0 | bronze_GHA = 1
 | gold_LES = 0 | silver_LES = 0 | bronze_LES = 1
 | gold_MLT = 0 | silver_MLT = 0 | bronze_MLT = 1
 | gold_MRI = 0 | silver_MRI = 0 | bronze_MRI = 1
 | gold_LCA = 0 | silver_LCA = 0 | bronze_LCA = 1
 | gold_Hong Kong = 0 | silver_Hong Kong = 0 | bronze_Hong Kong = 1
}}

== Legacy host city and nation ==
In terms of infrastructure, the Games were the catalyst for the widespread redevelopment of the east of the city, an area which had remained derelict since the departure of heavy industry some decades before. The 2002 Commonwealth Games set a new benchmark for hosting the Commonwealth Games and for cities wishing to bid for them with a heavy emphasis on legacy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What the London Olympics could learn from the Manchester Games |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/jul/24/london-olympics-learn-manchester-games |work=The Guardian |date=24 July 2002 |access-date=2014-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow 2014: What will the legacy of the Commonwealth Games legacy be? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-26765231 |work=BBC News |date=27 March 2014 |access-date=2014-07-27}}</ref>

The venue and financial policy of the 2002 Commonwealth Games has influenced future sporting events, including the [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] in Melbourne, the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in London and [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] in Glasgow.

In comparison to other sporting events, the 2002 games were marked by financial discipline. The cost of the 2010 Commonwealth Games were estimated at $4.1 billion,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Commonwealth Games 2010 costs ballooned to over $4bn |last=Magnay |first=Jacquelin |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/8683996/Commonwealth-Games-2010-costs-ballooned-to-over-4bn.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/8683996/Commonwealth-Games-2010-costs-ballooned-to-over-4bn.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 August 2011 |access-date=25 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> the London 2012 Summer Olympics are estimated to cost £9 billion, while the 2014 Commonwealth Games could cost as much as £500 million.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Alex Salmond told to explain £80 million Commonwealth Games budget 'black hole' |last=Johnson |first=Simon |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/6574904/Alex-Salmond-told-to-explain-80-million-Commonwealth-Games-budget-black-hole.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/6574904/Alex-Salmond-told-to-explain-80-million-Commonwealth-Games-budget-black-hole.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=15 November 2009 |access-date=25 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Sporting legacy included the City of Manchester Stadium which was turned over to Manchester City Football Club, to replace the ageing [[Maine Road]]. It is possible that this provided an incentive which led to the eventual 2008 take over by the [[Abu Dhabi United]] group led by [[Sheikh Mansour]].{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Consequently, they have seen a considerable upturn in their success, with a series of transfers which has increased the profile of Manchester further, as Manchester City have become title challengers. Indeed, journalists{{Who|date=August 2021}} have stated Mansour would not had bought the city had the club not had the 50,000 stadium. The Manchester Velodrome was built in 1994 in preparation for an Olympic bid, but subsequently hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Since opening in 1994, it has been cited as a catalyst for Britain's successes in track cycling since 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How did Britain get so good at cycling? |quote=As well as bringing in the finest equipment and the best coaches available, British Cycling based everything on one oval track in Manchester, built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games. |last=Andrews |first=Guy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/apr/01/cycling.features |newspaper=The Guardian |date=1 April 2008 |access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=British pedal power or Queally over-rated? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics2000/sports_talk/930224.stm |work=BBC News |date=20 September 2000 |access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref> At the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, the Great British cycling claimed 8 of the 18 gold medals on offer, [[Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics#Medal summary|including 14 of the 54 medals available]] altogether. This unprecedented achievement was partly attributed{{By whom|date=August 2021}} the availability of a velodrome.

Local communities benefited from facilities built for the game such as the [[Manchester Aquatics Centre]], the Northern Regional Tennis Centre and the [[National Squash Centre]]. There were comprehensive upgrades of [[Belle Vue, Manchester|Belle Vue]] and [[Moss Side]] leisure centres serve their local communities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-18983577|title=Commonwealth venues' legacies|date=2012-07-26|access-date=2020-01-11|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Olympic president Jacques Rogge said the Games had gone a long way to restoring Britain's credibility in terms of hosting big sporting events.<ref>{{Cite news | title =Rogge rules out joint Olympic bid | work =BBC Sport| date =3 August 2002  |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/features/newsid_2170000/2170208.stm  | format =http | access-date = 1 May 2008}}</ref> It has since been said that the success of the games was a major factor in reassuring the UK's sporting authorities and the government that the country could successfully stage major successful international sporting events and that, without them, [[London]]'s successful bid for the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] would not have come about.<ref>{{Cite web|title=London 2012 Olympics |work=politics.co.uk |date=24 April 2008 |url=http://www.politics.co.uk/reference/issue-briefs/domestic-policy/sport/london-2012-olympics/london-2012-olympics-$366671.htm |format=http |access-date=2 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423180155/http://www.politics.co.uk/reference/issue-briefs/domestic-policy/sport/london-2012-olympics/london-2012-olympics-%24366671.htm |archive-date=23 April 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = England's Northwest set to reap rewards of 2012| work = Liverpool is European capital of culture| publisher = North west Development Agency| date = 13 January 2006| url = http://www.nwda.co.uk/news--events/press-releases/200601/england%E2%80%99s-northwest-set-to-rea.aspx| format = http| access-date = 2 May 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090226103612/http://www.nwda.co.uk/news--events/press-releases/200601/england%E2%80%99s-northwest-set-to-rea.aspx| archive-date = 26 February 2009| url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Public house]]s and restaurants in Manchester reported a threefold increase in takings during the Games, and local tourism board [[Marketing Manchester]] estimate some {{Formatnum:300000}} more visitors will come to the city each year as a result of its increased profile.<ref name="games hailed a success" /> It is estimated that by 2008 £600m has been invested in the region as a result of the Games and that about 20,000 jobs had been created.<ref>{{Cite web | title =London 2012- what's in it for us? | work =Inside Out North West| publisher =BBC | date =4 February 2008  |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/content/articles/2008/04/02/north_west_olympics_s13_w6_feature.shtml| format =http | access-date = 2 May 2008}}</ref>

== Marketing ==

=== Logo ===
[[File:2002 Commonwealth Games bid logo.png|thumb|Manchester 2002 bid logo]]
The 2002 Commonwealth Games' logo is an image of three figures standing on a podium with their arms uplifted in the jubilation of winning or in celebration, which represents the three core themes of the Games: sport, culture and friendship and the types of medalist in the games: gold, silver and bronze. The figures are captured in three colours which are red, blue and green. The red represents performance, passion and success; the blue symbolises intelligence, confidence and reliability, while the green represents loyalty, balance and generosity. The yellow background behind the figures represents the competitive, powerful and cheerful elements of the Games, while the black games' name letters representing solidarity and strength. The figures in the logo joining hands to resemble the letter 'M', which is the initial for the host city, Manchester and also a crown of the queen to represent the Golden Jubilee of [[Elizabeth II]]'s reign as the monarch of The United Kingdom. The logo overall represents a celebration of sharing and friendship and the pride of participating in the Games, cheerful atmosphere, sportsmanship and confidence of Manchester as the games host city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgames2002.org.uk/Home/logo/index.html|title=2002 Games logo}}</ref> The bid logo consisted of the number "22" and the letter "M" making up a smiley face.

=== Mascot ===
The official mascot of the 2002 Commonwealth Games is a cat named Kit. The adoption of the cat as the games' mascot is to represent the young, vibrant, friendly, dynamic personality of Manchester as the games' host city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m2002.thecgf.com/The_Games/Mascot/default.asp|title=Meet the Games mascot|website=m2002.thecgf.com}}</ref>

=== Sponsors ===
Numerous companies ranging from international to local, sponsored the 2002 Games.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/2002/who/sponsors.shtml|title=Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games Official Sponsors|work=BBC Sport|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/2002/who/partners.shtml|title=Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games Official Partners|work=BBC News|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> International sponsors included [[Microsoft]] and [[Xerox]] and also companies with local links to Manchester including [[Guardian Media Group]], [[PZ Cussons]] and [[United Utilities]].
{{columns list|colwidth=20em|
*[[Addleshaw Booth & Co]]
*[[Adecco]]
*[[Asda]]
*[[Boddingtons Brewery]]
*[[Bruntwood]]
*[[Bupa]]
*[[Cadbury's]]
*[[FirstGroup]]
*[[Guardian Media Group]]
*[[Lloyds TSB]]
*[[Manchester Airports Group]]
*[[McDonald's]]
*[[MG Rover Group]]
*[[Microsoft]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Microsoft to sponsor 2002 Commonwealth Games |last=Day |first=Julia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/apr/02/marketingandpr2 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2 April 2001 |access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref>
*[[The National Lottery]]
*[[PZ Cussons]]
*[[United Utilities]]
*[[Virgin Rail Group]]
*[[Xerox]]
}}

== See also ==

* Commonwealth Games celebrated in England
** [[1934 Commonwealth Games]] – London
** [[2022 Commonwealth Games]] – Birmingham
* Commonwealth Games celebrated in United Kingdom
** [[1958 Commonwealth Games]] – Cardiff (Wales)
** [[1970 Commonwealth Games]] – Edinburgh (Scotland)
** [[1986 Commonwealth Games]] – Edinburgh (Scotland)
** [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] – Glasgow (Scotland)
*Commonwealth Youth Games celebrated in United Kingdom
** [[2000 Commonwealth Youth Games]] – Edinburgh (Scotland)
* Olympic Games celebrated in Great Britain
** [[1908 Summer Olympics]] – London
** [[1948 Summer Olympics]] – London
** [[2012 Summer Olympics]] – London
* Paralympic Games celebrated in Great Britain
** [[1984 Summer Paralympics]] – Stoke Mandeville
** [[2012 Summer Paralympics]] – London
* Universiade celebrated in Great Britain
** [[1991 Summer Universiade]] – Sheffield
* European Championships celebrated in Great Britain
** [[2018 European Championships]] − Glasgow

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
'''Official sites'''

* [https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/manchester-2002 "Manchester 2002"]. ''Commonwealthsport.com''. Commonwealth Sport.
* [https://thecgf.com/results/games/3028 "Results and Medalists—2002 Commonwealth Games"]. ''Thecgf.com''. Commonwealth Games Federation.
*[http://m2002.thecgf.com/home/ "Official Website"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823121259/http://m2002.thecgf.com/home/ |date=23 August 2010 }}. ''M2002.thecgf.com.'' Manchester 2002.
*[https://www.manchester.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/2810/evaluation_of_the_commonwealth_games_legacy_programme.pdf An Evaluation of the Commonwealth Games Legacy Programme]. ''Manchester.gov.uk''. Manchester City Council.

'''Other sites'''

* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/2002/index.shtml Manchester 2002] at [[BBC Online]]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/ Manchester 2002] at [[BBC Sport]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060115160242/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/sportsf/stories/s614556.htm The Empire Strikes Back] – 2002 Australian radio programme (with transcript) on the history and future of the "friendly games".
* [http://research.northumbria.ac.uk/urbanfutures/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Cook-and-Ward-2011-Transurban-networks-of-learning-Manchester-Urban-Studies.pdf Trans-urban networks of learning, mega-events and policy tourism: The case of Manchester's Commonwealth and Olympic Games projects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518103255/http://research.northumbria.ac.uk/urbanfutures/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Cook-and-Ward-2011-Transurban-networks-of-learning-Manchester-Urban-Studies.pdf |date=18 May 2014 }} An account of how Manchester officials learnt from other host cities in order to bid for and host for the Games.

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