View source for Antonov An-2

{{Short description|Soviet single-engine civilian aircraft}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
| name = An-2
| image = File:Antonov An-2 (cropped).jpg
| caption = An-2 formerly used by the [[Soviet Union]]
| type = [[agricultural aircraft|Agricultural]], [[utility aircraft]] and [[military transport aircraft]]
| manufacturer = [[Antonov]]
| designer = [[Oleg Antonov (aircraft designer)|Oleg Antonov]]
| first_flight = 31 August 1947<ref name="BTS">Sharpe, Michael. ''Biplanes, Triplanes, and Seaplanes'', p. 32. London, England: Friedman/Fairfax Books, 2000. {{ISBN|1-58663-300-7}}.</ref>
| introduction = 
| status = In limited service 
| primary_user = [[Soviet Union]] (historical)
| more_users = [[North Korea]]<br>[[China]]<br>[[Cuba]]
| produced = 1947–2001
| number_built = 18,000+<ref name = "An-2"/>
| unit cost = 
| developed_from = 
| developed_into = [[Antonov An-3]] <br> [[SibNIA TVS-2DTS]]
}}

The '''Antonov An-2 ''' ([[USAF/DoD reporting name]] '''Type 22''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Type_Note2 |title=Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles |publisher=Designation-systems.net |date=18 January 2008 |access-date=8 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011201653/http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Type_Note2 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[NATO reporting name]] '''Colt'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Cargo |title=Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles |publisher=Designation-systems.net |date=18 January 2008 |access-date=8 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011201653/http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Cargo |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>) is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] mass-produced single-engine [[biplane]] utility/agricultural aircraft designed and manufactured by the [[Antonov]] [[Design Bureau]] beginning in 1947.<ref name = "An-2"/> Its durability, lifting power, and ability to take off and land from poor runways have given it a long service life. The An-2 was produced up to 2001 and remains in service with military and civilian operators around the world.

The An-2 was designed as a utility aircraft for forestry and agriculture, but the basic airframe is adaptable and numerous variants have been developed. These include hopper-equipped crop-dusters, scientific versions for atmospheric sampling, water-bombers for fighting [[forest fire]]s, [[air ambulance]]s, seaplanes, and versions for dropping [[paratrooper]]s.<ref name=harp>Harpole, Tom. [http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Antonovs-in-America-162923886.html "Antonovs in America"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803210630/http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Antonovs-in-America-162923886.html |date=2012-08-03 }} [http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Antonovs-in-America-162923886.html?c=y&page=2 p2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408081620/http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Antonovs-in-America-162923886.html?c=y&page=2 |date=2013-04-08 }} [http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Antonovs-in-America-162923886.html?c=y&page=3 p3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408072951/http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Antonovs-in-America-162923886.html?c=y&page=3 |date=2013-04-08 }} ''[[Air & Space/Smithsonian]]'', August 2012. Retrieved: 31 July 2012.</ref>

The most common version is the '''An-2T''' 12-seater passenger aircraft. All versions (other than the [[Antonov An-3|An-3]] and the An-2-100) are powered by a {{cvt|750|kW}} nine-cylinder [[Shvetsov ASh-62]] [[radial engine]].<ref name = "An-2"/> 

==Design and development==
===Origins===
The Antonov An-2 was designed to meet a 1940s Soviet Ministry of Forestry requirement to replace the smaller [[Polikarpov Po-2]], which was used in large numbers in both agricultural and utility roles. Antonov designed a large single bay [[biplane]] of all-metal construction, with an enclosed cockpit and a cabin with seats for twelve passengers. The first prototype, designated '''SKh-1''', powered by a [[Shvetsov ASh-21]] radial engine, flew on 31 August 1947 from [[Yeltsovka Airport]] in [[Novosibirsk Oblast]], Russia<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180323045229/http://www.antonov.com/aircraft/antonov-gliders-and-airplanes/an-2 ANTONOV gliders and airplanes. AN-2.]</ref>. The second prototype was fitted with a more powerful [[Shvetsov ASh-62]] engine, which allowed the aircraft's payload to be increased from {{cvt|1,300|to|2,140|kg}}, and in this form saw production.<ref name="Guns-ton Russian p20">Gunston 1995, p. 20.</ref>

[[File:An-2 OK-HFL EDST 02.jpg|thumb|On the static display of "Oldtimer Fliegertreffen" Hahnweide 2011]]
Initial production was at State Factory 473 in [[Kyiv|Kiev]], [[Ukrainian SSR]], where the majority of up to 5,000 units had been produced by 1960. Later Soviet production (after 1965, of model An-2M especially) was at State Factory 464 at Dolgoprudniy, [[Russian SFSR]]. After 1960, most An-2s were constructed at Poland's [[PZL Mielec|WSK]] factory in [[Mielec]]. It is believed that over 13,000 were built in Poland before manufacturing ended in 1991.<ref name="auto1">{{in lang|pl}} {{ill|Grzegorz Hołdanowicz|pl}}: ''Polskie M28 uszczelnią Wietnam'' in: Raport-WTO nr.12/2003, p.23</ref>

Until 2001, limited production was undertaken using remaining stocks of spares, including a small batch of four aircraft that were produced for Vietnam.<ref name="auto1"/> [[China]] also builds the An-2 under licence as the '''Shijiazhuang Y-5'''.<ref name = "An-2"/> It has been erroneously reported that there was East German production of the An-2; while An-2s often underwent extensive refurbishment in East German facilities, no new aircraft were built there.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

The An-2 is commonly used as a light utility transport, parachute drop aircraft, [[Aerial application|agricultural work]] and other tasks suited to a large slow biplane. Its slow flight and good short field performance make it suited for short, unimproved fields, and some specialized variants have also been built for cold weather and other extreme environments. The ''[[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of World Records]]'' states that the 45-year production run for the An-2 was for a time the longest for any aircraft and challenged the over two decade-long run of the 1920s [[Polikarpov Po-2]] it replaced. The An-2's record has since been exceeded.<ref name = "An-2"/>

===Further development===
[[File:antonov.an-2.ha-mkf.arp.jpg|thumb|Closeup of a private An-2TP]]

During the early 1980s, Antonov experimented with an An-2 powered by a {{cvt|1450|hp|order=flip}} Glushenkov [[turboprop]] engine. Aircraft with this engine had a longer, streamlined nose. It received the designation [[Antonov An-3|An-3]].<ref name = "An-2"/>

During 2013, Antonov announced that it had flown a new An-2 version, the ''An-2-100'', with a three-blade reversible propeller and a {{cvt|1500|shp|order=flip}} [[Motor Sich]] MS-14 turboprop running on [[kerosene]] rather than Avgas, which is no longer produced in CIS countries.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author-last=Gethin |author-first=Howard |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/antonov-flies-turboprop-powered-an-2-100-389083 |title=Antonov flies turboprop-powered An-2-100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808074438/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/antonov-flies-turboprop-powered-an-2-100-389083/ |archive-date=8 August 2013 |website=[[Flight Global]] |date=5 August 2013}}</ref> That same year, the company stated that it had received orders for upgrading hundreds in [[Azerbaijan]], [[Cuba]] and [[Russia]] to the An-2-100 version.<ref name="усовершенствованные кукурузники">{{cite news | url=http://korrespondent.net/business/companies/1579862-rossiya-zakazala-u-antonova-usovershenstvovannye-kukuruzniki |trans-title=Russia Orders Improved Agricultural Aircraft from Antonov| script-title=ru:Россия заказала у Антонова усовершенствованные кукурузники | work=[[Korrespondent]] | date=11 July 2013 | access-date=4 September 2013 | language=ru | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814112252/http://korrespondent.net/business/companies/1579862-rossiya-zakazala-u-antonova-usovershenstvovannye-kukuruzniki | archive-date=14 August 2013 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The Siberian Research Institute of Aviation (SIBNIA) test flew a modified An-2 with winglets and a carbon fibre wing structure. It was equipped with a turboprop engine with a five bladed propeller. According to Russian aviation company [[Sukhoi]], this aircraft was a demonstrator for an An-2 replacement announced on 10 June 2015. The carbonfibre composite materials, including wing panels, spars and ribs were produced by the Novosibirsk Aviation Plant. Sukhoi says the design change increased its speed by 50%.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trimble |first=Stephen  |date=10 June 2015 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/modernised-an-2-demonstrator-completes-first-flight-413382/ |title=Modernised An-2 demonstrator completes first flight |work=[[Flight International]] |access-date=2015-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613034759/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/modernised-an-2-demonstrator-completes-first-flight-413382/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:An-2 on skis.jpg|thumb|An-2 on skis at Volosovo air field,<ref>[https://www.world-airport-codes.com/russia/volosovo-airfield-76002.html Volosov Airfield] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713200734/https://www.world-airport-codes.com/russia/volosovo-airfield-76002.html |date=2017-07-13 }}. World Airport Codes. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</ref> [[Chekhovsky District]], [[Moscow Oblast|Moscow region]] ]]
[[File:An-2 GJT.jpg|thumb|An-2 at [[Grand Junction Regional Airport|Grand Junction]] aviation show]]

The An-2 is a mass-produced single-engine [[biplane]] that was deliberately furnished with a minimum of complex systems. The wing leading edge slats that give the aircraft its slow flight ability are fully automatic, being held shut by the airflow over the wings. When airspeed drops below {{cvt|64|km/h}}, elastic rubber springs extend the slats.<ref name = "An-2"/> Under typical conditions, take-off can be made within {{cvt|170|m}} while the landing run requires {{cvt|215|m}}. These figures vary dependent on weight, air temperature, runway surface, and wind direction.<ref name = "An-2"/>

The An-2 is equipped with features which make it suitable [[Bush plane|for operation in remote areas]] with unimproved airstrips. It is fitted with a [[Air brake (road vehicle)|pneumatic brake]] system similar to those used on heavy trucks to stop on short runways, along with an air line attached to the [[compressor]], so the pressure in the [[tire]]s and [[shock absorber]]s can be adjusted.<ref name = "An-2"/> The batteries, while sizable, are easy to remove, and it does not need a [[ground power unit]] for starting the engine. Likewise, there is no need for an external fuel pump to refuel the aircraft as it is provided with its own.<ref name = "An-2"/>

[[File:An2TP-Rusalka.jpg|thumb|left|An An2-TP]]

The operating handbook does not explicitly specify a [[Stall (flight)|stall]] speed, stating instead: "If the engine quits in instrument conditions or at night, the pilot should pull the control column full aft and keep the wings level. The leading-edge slats will snap out at about {{cvt|64|km/h}} and when the airplane slows to a forward speed of about {{cvt|40|km/h}}, the airplane will sink at about a parachute descent rate until the aircraft hits the ground."<ref name = "An-2"/>

The low stall speed makes it possible for the aircraft to fly backwards relative to the ground under high wind conditions while under control.<ref name = "An-2"/>

Many western countries prohibit the use of the An-2 commercially because the aircraft has not been certified by the relevant national aviation authorities. These restrictions vary by country, but all prevent the An-2 being used for any commercial purpose, with the exception of the United States, where PZL-built An-2s are exempt from this restriction due to a [[Bilateral Air Transport Agreement|bilateral agreement]] with Poland.<ref name = "An-2"/> Other An-2s are operated non-commercially under an experimental certification.<ref name=harp/>

==Operational history==
===Military service===
[[File:AN2 R.jpeg|thumb|[[Ukrainian hryvnia]] depicting the An-2 airplane]]
[[File:Antonov An-2 Vientiane.jpg|thumb|An AN-2 of the Laos air force]]
The An-2 was operated in large numbers by the [[Soviet Air Force]] and [[Eastern Bloc]] forces. Its first military use was during the [[Korean War]] of the early 1950s.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

The [[Vietnam People's Air Force]] (VPAF) operated the An-2 during the [[Vietnam War]] and occasionally used the type as an attack aircraft. During the 1960s, a single An-2 that was engaging [[South Vietnamese]] naval units was shot down by a [[United States Air Force]] [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] fighter.<ref name = "An-2"/>

On 12 January 1968, a clandestine [[TACAN]] site ([[call sign]]: ''[[Lima Site 85]]''/Phou Pha Ti) installed by the United States Air Force in Northern [[Laos]] for directing [[USAF]] warplanes flying from [[Thailand]] to [[Vietnam]] was [[Battle of Lima Site 85|attacked]] by three [[North Vietnamese]] An-2s. A pair of An-2s fired on the outpost using a mixture of machine guns and rockets while a third An-2 orbited overhead.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol52no2/iac/an-air-combat-first.html |title=An Air Combat First |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623051940/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol52no2/iac/an-air-combat-first.html |archive-date=23 June 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

An [[Air America (airline)|Air America]] [[Bell UH-1]]B resupplying the site gave chase to the attacking aircraft. Using an [[AK-47]], the American crew (Ted Moore Captain, Glen Wood Kicker) succeeded in shooting down one of the An-2s while the second aircraft was forced down by combined ground and air fire, eventually crashing into a mountain. The surviving Antonov returned to its home base, Gia Lam, near Hanoi.<ref name="auto2"/>

During the [[Croatian War of Independence]] in 1991, a number of elderly An-2s previously used for crop-spraying were converted by the [[Croatian Air Force and Defense|Croatian Air Force]] to drop makeshift [[barrel bombs]]. They were also used to conduct supply missions to besieged parts of Croatia.<ref name="WAPJ 24 p145">Mader 1996, p.145.</ref>

The chief advantage of the An-2 was its ability to operate from small improvised airstrips. They frequently dropped supplies by parachute to isolated garrisons. At least one An-2 was shot down on 2 December 1991 over [[Vinkovci]], eastern [[Slavonia]], by a Serbian [[surface to air missile]] (SAM) with a salvo of [[2K12 Kub|SA-6s]].<ref>{{cite book |author1-last=Magaš |author1-first=Branka |author2-last=Žanić |author2-first=Ivo |date=2001 |title=The war in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1991–1995 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |page=58 |isbn=0-7146-8201-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19911202-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov 2 9A-BOP Vukovar |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date=2 December 1991 |access-date=8 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308032622/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19911202-1 |archive-date=8 March 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[North Korea]] has also operated An-2s. The [[Korean People's Army Special Operation Force]] has used the An-2 to infiltrate paratroopers.<ref name="NKSF">{{cite book |author-last=Bermudez |author-first=Joseph S., Jr. |title=North Korean Special Forces |publisher=[[Jane's Publishing Company]] |publication-place=Surrey, United Kingdom |date=1988}}</ref> 

During the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]], Azerbaijan operated unmanned An-2s for surveillance and bombing of Armenian defenses,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|title=Azerbaijani Military Retools Old Crop Duster Planes as Attack Drones|date=31 December 2020|publisher=Hetq Online|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224143026/https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://defence24.pl/sily-zbrojne/rakiety-przeciwlotnicze-kontra-antonowy-pulapki|title=Górski Karabach: Rakiety przeciwlotnicze kontra Antonowy-pułapki [WIDEO]|website=defence24.pl|date=2 October 2020 |access-date=2022-05-18|archive-date=2022-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525190029/https://defence24.pl/sily-zbrojne/rakiety-przeciwlotnicze-kontra-antonowy-pulapki|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-10|title=The next frontier in drone warfare? A Soviet-era crop duster|url=https://thebulletin.org/2021/02/the-next-frontier-in-drone-warfare-a-soviet-era-crop-duster/|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214092524/https://thebulletin.org/2021/02/the-next-frontier-in-drone-warfare-a-soviet-era-crop-duster/|url-status=live}}</ref> however the type of the drone was unknown as of October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|title=Azerbaijani Military Retools Old Crop Duster Planes as Attack Drones|date=14 October 2020|work=[[Hetq Online]]|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224143026/https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|url-status=live}}</ref> Armenian forces revealed footage of the alleged shootdown of an Azerbaijani An-2, according to video evidence at least 11 An-2 have been destroyed, with 10 confirmed as shot down and one crashing after takeoff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/the-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh.html?m=1|title=The fight for Nagorno Karabakh|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=24 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624123029/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/the-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh.html?m=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/nagorno-karabakh-republic-claims-downed-azerb-1042185.html|title=Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Claims Downed Azerbaijani Aircraft|website=UrduPoint|access-date=2020-09-30|archive-date=2021-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721102147/https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/nagorno-karabakh-republic-claims-downed-azerb-1042185.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On March 2, 2022, Russian An-2s were observed at [[Seshcha (air base)|Seshcha Air Base]], [[Bryansk Oblast]]. As the base is close to the [[Ukraine]] border, it was speculated that the aircraft were to be used in the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |title=Russia Appears To Be Preparing Its Ancient An-2 Biplanes For War In Ukraine |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44532/russia-appears-to-be-preparing-its-ancient-an-2-biplanes-for-war-in-ukraine |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=[[The Drive (website)|The Drive]] |date=2 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305184944/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44532/russia-appears-to-be-preparing-its-ancient-an-2-biplanes-for-war-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Civil aviation ===
[[File:An-2 plane spraying wheat crops.jpg|thumb|An-2 sprays pesticide on wheat crops during [[List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War#2006|Operation Barnstormer]] (May 2006).]]
Over the years, dozens of nations and companies have employed the An-2 in civil roles. The type was heavily used throughout the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[Eastern Bloc]] nations. In particular, the Russian airline [[Aeroflot]] operated a large number of them. The An-2 was used as a short-range airliner, and in [[Estonia]], made regular flights between the towns of [[Kuressaare]] and [[Kärdla]], which are on separate islands, [[Saaremaa]] and [[Hiiumaa]].{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, most airlines in these regions have been retiring their An-2s, as some were over 40 years old, as well as a result of the decline in the production of [[avgas]] to fuel the type.<ref name=harp/> Private operators are still using An-2s, as they remain popular for some functions, such as for [[skydiving]].<ref name = "An-2"/><ref name=harp/>

High noise levels, maintenance costs and fuel consumption<ref name=harp/> has rendered them obsolete for the majority of commercial routes in Europe, but the large number available mean that unit prices are low in comparison to alternatives (as little as US$30,000 for a serviceable example). Price has made them attractive in the [[developing world]], where their abilities makes them an asset to airlines on a budget. Many ex-Aeroflot An-2s have found work with regional operators across [[Africa]], [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]], [[Cuba]] and southeast [[Asia]].<ref name = "An-2"/>

As of 2015, there were thousands of An-2s in operation around the world, including over 1,500 in Russia, 294 in [[Kazakhstan]] and 54 in [[Ukraine]].<ref name="усовершенствованные кукурузники" />

In September 2024, [[Vladimir Putin]] ordered the [[UZGA LMS-901 Baikal]] aircraft into production as a replacement.<ref name=Baikal>{{cite web|url= https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/putin-orders-baikal-planes-into-production-to-replace-an-2/ar-AA1qBTqg?ocid=msedgntp&pc=HCTS&cvid=56291787bd3a4d9fc268c8b549555032&ei=78 |title= Putin orders Baikal planes into production to replace An-2 |publisher=RBC Ukraine, September 15, 2024|accessdate=September 15, 2024}}</ref>  However, certification of that aircraft's [[Klimov VK-800|Klimov VK-800SM]] engine is not expected until 2025, with engine deliveries not starting until 2026.<ref name=Baikal/>

==Variants==
[[File:Antonov An-2M and An-2V side-view silhouettes.png|thumb|An-2 variants]]
[[File:An-2E.jpg|thumb|An-2E WIG]]
[[File:Krosno, lotnisko An-2 wnętrze.jpg|thumb|The passenger cabin]]

===Soviet / Polish production===
====Prototype====
* '''''Izdeliye F''''' – The in-house designation for the An-2NAK observation aircraft which was later re-designated An-2K and/or An-2F.<ref name = "An-2">{{cite book |author1-last=Gordon |author1-first=Yefim |author2-last=Komissarov |author2-first=Dmitry |title=Antonov An-2 |publication-place=Midland |publisher=Hinkley |date=2004 |isbn=1-85780-162-8}}</ref>
* '''''Izdeliye K''''' – A prototype weather reconnaissance/research aircraft with an observers cockpit immediately forward of the fin above the rear fuselage. First flown on 21 March 1948 'Izdeliye K' was found to be under-powered and unable to carry out its intended mission at high altitude, the aircraft was abandoned after a landing accident in October 1948. The concept was resurrected in 1954 as the 'An-2ZA' / 'An-6 Meteo'.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''''Izdeliye T''''' – The original design concept originated at [[OKB-153]] in Novosibirsk.
* '''''Izdeliye Sh''''' – The in-house designation for the 'Izdeliye T' (presumably to confuse spies or infiltrators) design project at Novosibirsk.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''SKh-1''' – the original designation of the An-2 used during the design phase of the project before the OKB had been named after Antonov.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2A''' – Developed from the An-2T for use as a Balloon interceptor to intercept reconnaissance balloons from, US intelligence assets, over-flying the USSR. The prototype was converted from a Kiev built An-2 (c/n 110347315) using the Turbo-charged Ash-62IR/TK of the 'An-6 Meteo' and a combined searchlight/gun turret mounted on top of the rear fuselage, which mounted either a single [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23]] 23&nbsp;mm calibre twin-barrelled cannon or a single [[Afanasev A-12.7|Afanas'yev A-12.7]] 12.7&nbsp;mm calibre heavy machine-gun.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2E''' (''Ekranoplan'' – wing in ground effect)[[File:An-2 converted into WIG (Rybachy, Kaliningrad Oblast - 2006 08 15).jpg|thumb|The An-2E prototype ekranoplan]] (first use of the designation) – One of a series of projects from the early 1970s for WIG ([[Ground effect vehicle|Wing In Ground]] effect) derivatives of the An-2, designed at the TsLST (''Tsentral'naya Laboratoriya Spasatel'noy Techniki'' – central laboratory for new types of rescue equipment).
* '''An-2E''' (second use of the designation) – An [[Ekranoplan]] conversion ({{langx|ru|Ан-2Э}}) of an An-2P (RA-84692). The fuselage was retained and a large trapezoidal monoplane wing having extended wingtips with approx 45° dihedral, attached to the lower wing attachment points. The prototype conversion was intended to be a floatplane; however, its first public appearance was as a landplane with the standard An-2 undercarriage. Jointly developed by the Moscow Aviation Institute, MARZ (''Moskovskiy Aviaremontnyy Zavod'' – Moscow Aircraft Overhaul Plant) and The TSZP-Saturn research institute the An-2E was also known as EA-00078. Power was supplied by the standard ASh-62IR radial engine with AV-2 propeller, but production versions were intended to be powered by automotive diesel engines of around {{cvt|580|hp|order=flip|}}.<ref name = "An-2"/><ref name="An-2e">{{cite web|url=http://ruslet.webnode.cz/technika/ruska-technika/ekranoplany/mai/an-2e/|title=MAI An-2e|publisher=Ruslet|access-date=2015-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410230428/http://ruslet.webnode.cz/technika/ruska-technika/ekranoplany/mai/an-2e/|archive-date=2015-04-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''An-2F''' – Developed concurrently with the An-2 prototype, 'Izdeliye F' was an experimental artillery-observation aircraft with a twin-tail, ventral observer's position and dorsal defensive machine-gun position. The initial service designation of An-2NAK was changed to An-2F once post test flight modifications had been carried out. Two prototypes were built, with the first completed in the summer of 1948, but flight testing was delayed to April 1949 due to the need to incorporate modifications called up from the standard An-2 flight test programme. The flight test of the An-2F showed that the aircraft met all the requirements of the specification, but helicopters were demonstrating that they could perform the artillery correction role without the need to provide fixed base airstrip for them to operate from, thus the An-2F was not proceeded with and the two prototypes were retained by the Antonov bureau for hack duties with one later serving as a flying wind tunnel to investigate para-dropping from the [[Antonov An-8]] twin-turboprop transport.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2F''' (second use of designation) – A VTOL project with vertical thrust to be provided by a Mikulin AM-9 turbojet in the rear fuselage.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2F''' (third use of the designation) – A proposed photo-mapping aircraft project, from the early 1990s, similar to the An-2PF equipped with one of five alternate cameras. Overall control was to have been by IBM 286 computer and the camera could be augmented or replaced by a thermal imaging system, Infra-Red imaging system, AP-6E autopilot, LDI-3 laser rangefinder and/or a GPS global positioning system.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2G''' (a.k.a. '''An-2Geo''') – During 1974 WSK-Mielec developed a geo-physical survey aircraft for the Polish State Geophysical Survey Agency (''Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Poszukiwań Geofizycznych''), with equipment for measuring magnetic fields, radiation and other instruments for prospecting. Adapted to fly in tropical latitudes at low altitude the 'An-2G' could fly for six hours and two were used for survey work in [[Nigeria]] in 1974.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2LP''' (''Lesopozharnyy'' – forest firefighter) – A single prototype converted from an An-2V floatplane, with 630 litre(139 Imp.Gal.) water tanks in each float for dropping on fires. The water tanks could be re-filled in flight, as the aircraft skimmed the surface of suitable bodies of water. Prior to dropping an alkaline wetting agent (NP-1 Sulphanol) was added to the water which was released through the scoops which also picked up the water to refill the tanks. Ten production aircraft were built seeing service in the Siberian and Far East regions of the USSR.<ref name = "An-2"/>
====An-2====
* '''An-2L''' (''Lesozashchita'' – forestry protection) – A fire bomber variant with three cassettes each holding 120 ampoules, containing 1litre (34 fl.oz.) of fire-retardant which were dropped as required. Trials revealed that this system was inefficient and further work was abandoned.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2LL''' (''Letayuschaya Laboratoriya'' – flying laboratory) – Any of a number of An-2s used as testbeds for various equipment. One An-2SKh (RA-70547), modified by the State Research Institute of Aircraft Systems. (GosNII AS – ''Gosudarstvennyy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Aviatsionnykh Sistem''), for environmental research, had a lateral observation blister which has often caused the aircraft to be misidentified as an An-2PF.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2LV''' (''Lesnoj Vodnyj'' – forest hydroplane) – A firefighting [[waterbomber]].<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2M''' (Polish:''[samolot] Morski'' – seaplane) – Polish production of the An-2V floatplane, designated An-2M, (not to be confused with the Soviet designation An-2M). Also known as the An-2W.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2M''' (''Modifitsirovannyy'' – modified) – The designation An-2M was also used in the USSR for a much improved agricultural crop-sprayer/duster. The An-2M featured an all-duralumin welded and bonded fuselage, lockable tailwheel, enlarged fibre-glass hopper, Shvetsov ASh-62 radial engine with power take off to an auxiliary gearbox to drive the dusting/spraying equipment, an angular fin of increased area and a hermetically sealed cockpit with no access to the cabin/hopper area. The hopper capacity was increased 42% to 2,000 litres (440 Imp.gal.) delivering product through an outlet enlarged to {{cvt|400|mm|in|frac=2}} with dry product being fed to two dusting outlets at the tips of the lower wings. Due to lack of capacity at the Kiev factory and [[WSK-Mielec]] the An-2M was manufactured at DMZ N0.464 (''Dolgoproodnyy Machinery Factory No.464'') to the north of Moscow.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2P''' (Polish: ''Pasażerski'' – passenger) (Russian: ''Passazhirskiy'' – passenger) – Soviet and Polish production of a standard passenger variant. Soviet production An-2P's had 10 permanently installed seats in a heated insulated cabin. Polish production aircraft had 12–14 seats, two jump seats for children and a baby cot. A total of 837 An-2P's were built.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2P''' (''Protivopozharnij'' – fire-fighting with water) – A fire-fighting aircraft with a dumpable hopper filled with water and/or retardant.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2PD-5''' (Polish: ''Pasażerski [samolot] Dyspozycyjny'' – executive aircraft's) – The production version of the 'An-2PD-6', featuring almost identical interior furnishings with a work table and reading light replacing one of the chairs.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2PD-6''' (Polish: ''Pasażerski [samolot] Dyspozycyjny'' – executive aircraft's) – A prototype six seat VIP variant of the An-2P produced at WSK-Mielec in 1970, featuring a folding table, [[mini-bar]], pantry and toilet.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2PF''' – Soviet production An-2 aircraft configured for photo-mapping/survey tasks with camera hatches protected by sliding hatches on the undersurface of the fuselage.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2PF''' – A joint request from the Polish State mapping Agency (''Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Kartografii'') led to Polish production of eight 'An-2PF' aircraft configured for photo-mapping/survey tasks with camera hatches protected by sliding hatches on the undersurface of the fuselage.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2PK''' – A polar research aircraft developed by WSK-Mielec with heated skis, insulated cabin and an additional cabin heater.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2PRTV''' – A single Polish production An-2, (SP-TVN, c/n1G 15944), modified as a television broadcast relay aircraft for the Polish Radio and Television Co. (''Polskie Radio i Telewizja'').<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2R''' (Polish: ''Rolniczy'' – agricultural) – WSK-Mielec manufactured agricultural variant with tank for {{cvt|1300|kg|lb}} of liquid or powdered chemicals.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2RA''' – A projected up-graded Agricultural aircraft, based on the An-2R, developed at WSK-Mielec.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2RT''' (Russian: ''Rele Translyator'' – relay translator) – A single An-2 was converted to a telemetry relay station, for missile development work, relaying telemetry from test missiles to a ground station.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2S''' (''Sanitarnyy'' – medical) – The An-2S was an adaptation of the standard An-2T cargo plane with up to six stretcher patients or three stretchers and six walking wounded along with attendants and support equipment.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2SKh''' (''Sel'skoKhozyaistvennyy'' – agricultural) – The agricultural version optimised for crop-spraying and crop-dusting. A metal construction chemical hopper was installed in the cabin near the centre of gravity, feeding a spreader through a 300mm orifice. The original spreader was replaced in 1975 by a standardised RTSh-1 three channel spreader which increased distribution width from {{cvt|18|-|22|m}} to {{cvt|34|-|36|m}}. Liquid chemicals could be sprayed using an interchangeable system which delivered chemical to spraybars via a ram air turbine driven regulator pump to give coverage {{cvt|30|m}} wide. Powdered or granulated chemicals were loaded through a hatch in the roof of the cabin and liquid chemical through a special connector on the port side of the fuselage. Early An-2SKh's were typically limited to a 6,000-hour life, as opposed to a normal life of 12,000 hours, due to the corrosive effects of the chemicals. The introduction of epoxy based corrosion protection systems partly alleviated the situation, allowing the agricultural An-2s to continue flying for much longer. Five An-2SKh aircraft were converted to firefighters, from 1954, by pressurising the hopper filled with water and/or retardant and ejecting it from a nozzle in place of the dusting/spraying equipment, single aircraft were allocated to Civil Air Directorates across the country but proved relatively ineffectual.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2T''' (''Transportnyy'' – cargo) – The baseline first production model for cargo and mail carriage.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2TD''' (''Transportno-Desantnyy'' – cargo/paratrooper) – paratrooper version with 12 seats, static line attachment cables and drop signalling lights.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2TP''' (''Transportno-Passazhirskiy'' – cargo/passenger) – A convertible passenger/cargo version, with [[tip-up seat]]s for ten, released in 1949.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2TPS''' (''Transportno-Passazhirskiy Sanitarnyy'' – cargo/passenger medical) – Polish production of ambulance aircraft derived from An-2TP aircraft with three stretchers each side and two medical attendants.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2V''' (''Vodnyy'' – water-based) – A seaplane version of the baseline An-2 fitted with twin floats supported on wire-braced struts at the undercarriage attachment points and rear fuselage. Floatplane An-2s manufactured in Kiev were designated An-4 but there is little evidence that this designation was widely used. At least one An-2V.<ref name = "An-2"/> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyhapPe2Fic AN-2V Video]
* '''An-2V''' (''Vysotnyy'' – high altitude) – Six aircraft were built, at the Kiev factory, as weather reconnaissance An-2V's for use at high altitude. Powered by the ASh-62IR/TK turbo-charged engine, they differed from the 'An-6 Meteo' by not having the observers cockpit forward of the fin.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2VA''' – water bomber.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2W''' (''Wodnosamolot'' – seaplane) – Polish production of the An-2V, also sometimes designated An-2M (not to be confused with the improved variant).<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''An-2ZA''' (''Zondirovaniye Atmosfery'' – atmosphere sampling) – The initial designation for a high altitude meteorological research re-designated as the 'An-6 Meteo'.
* '''An-3''' (first use of the designation) – A radical redesign of the An-2A to intercept reconnaissance balloons from US intelligence assets, over-flying the USSR. With a high aspect ratio monoplane high-set wing, turbo-charged ASh-62IR/TK and a combined searchlight/gun turret mounted on top of the rear fuselage.<ref name = "An-2"/>
====An-3====
* '''An-3''' (second use of designation) – In an effort to replace the An-2SKh, after the poor performance of the abortive [[WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor]], it was proposed to fit a turboprop engine on an all new fuselage featuring a hunchback for the cockpit and An-2M tail surfaces. This design was not carried through and a less ambitious re-design resulted in the third and final use of the An-3 designation.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''[[Antonov An-3|An-3]]''' (third use of designation) – The prototype An-3 with a {{cvt|1054|kW|shp}} [[Omsk Engine Design Bureau|Glushenkov TVD-20]] [[turboprop]] engine, sealed cockpit with separate entrance door above lower wing leading edge and air conditioning to improve the cockpit environment. Two prototypes were built (CCCP-06131 and CCCP37901) with a third registration (CCCP26700) which is believed to be a re-registration of one of the other two registrations. The flight tests and trials progressed well and the two prototypes set no less than six World Records for payload to altitude in their class. Due to the collapse of the USSR initial plans for production and variants were shelved until 1993 when production of converted aircraft began, as the '''An-3T''', at the Omsk 'Polyot' factory.<ref name = "An-2"/>
** '''An-3T''' – Due to the large number of surplus An-2s available the An-3T was not produced from scratch but by converting aircraft which had at least 50% of their life remaining. All the aircraft were re-registered and given new construction numbers.<ref name = "An-2"/>
** '''An-3TK''' – A convertible passenger /cargo version with six foldable twin seats.<ref name = "An-2"/>
** '''An-3SKh''' – An agricultural version tested with one of the original prototypes but with no known production conversions.<ref name = "An-2"/>
** '''An-3P''' – A forest fire fighting water bomber with a tank installed in the fuselage.<ref name = "An-2"/>
** '''An-3S''' – A projected ambulance version with six stretchers and two medical attendants.<ref name = "An-2"/>
** '''An-3D''' – Projected military troopship version with tip-up seats for paratroopers.<ref name = "An-2"/>
====An-4====
* '''An-4''' – This designation was used for An-2V seaplanes produced at Kiev, but does not seem to be used much. This is either due to very limited production at Kiev or operators not making the distinction between the An-2V and An-4.<ref name = "An-2"/>
====An-6====
* '''An-6''' – A transport aircraft fitted with the Shvetsov Ash-62IR/TK turbo-charged engine was produced for use in mountainous areas at high altitudes. An unknown number were delivered to the Tajik Civil Aviation Directorate and the Polar directorate for use in the far north of the USSR and to support the USSR's Antarctic research stations.<ref name = "An-2"/>[[File:An6.webp|thumb|An-6 Meteo]]
*'''An-6 Meteo''' – After the failure of 'Izdeliye K', the Antonov bureau was tasked with developing the 'An-2ZA' high-altitude weather reconnaissance aircraft based on the An-2. Featuring the same observers cockpit, forward of the vertical stabiliser above the rear fuselage, used on 'Izdeliye K', power was supplied by a turbo-charged Shvetsov Ash-62IR/TK which enabled the 'An-2ZA' to carry out its intended high-altitude research role. On 9 June 1954 OKB-153 test pilot V.A. Kalinin and Flight Engineer V.I. Baklaykin set a World altitude record for Class C-1e-1 ({{cvt|3000|-|6000|kg}}) at {{cvt|11248|m}} which had not been broken by 2004. The 'An-2ZA' was re-designated 'An-6 Meteo' early in its career and continued to fly until a take-off accident in September 1958 caused extensive damage.<ref name = "An-2"/>
====others====
* '''Grach-2''' (''Grach''-Rook) – Students from the SKB MAI (''Studencheskoye Konstruktorskoye Byuro Moskovskii Aviatsionii Institut [Sergo Ordjonikidze]'' – student construction bureau Moscow Aviation Institute [Sergo Ordjonikidze]) studied agricultural aircraft utilising the WIG effect. Their first effort, named ''Grach''-2, was a standard An-2 fuselage mated to low-set inverted gull. reverse-delta monoplane wings with couter, constant chord, dihedral sections and fitted with a t-tail.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''Grach-3''' – The second projected WIG agricultural aircraft from the SKB MAI was the Grach-3. This aircraft was to have been similar to the Grach-2 but utilising a centre section with near constant chord which allowed the tailplane to be dispensed with and pitch controlled by elevators at the rear of the centre section.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''Lala-1''' – A research prototype with an open-frame rear fuselage, twin tail and twin tailwheels supported by struts under the rear of the fuselage pod. An Ivchenko AI-25 turbofan engine was fitted in the rear of the fuselage pod for use as a development model for the [[WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor]] agricultural aircraft.<ref name = "An-2"/>
* '''[[SibNIA]] TVS-2MS''' – Turboprop conversion of An-2 by Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute (SibNIA) using {{cvt|1100|shp|kW|order=flip}} [[Garrett TPE331|Honeywell TPE331-12UHR]] engine. First flown 5 September 2011. Deliveries to the [[Aerial Forest Protection Service (Russia)|Aerial Forest Protection Service]] began in 2014, with six flying by August 2014<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Mladenov|first1=Alexander|title=An-2 Re-engining Progressing|magazine=[[Air International]]|date=September 2014|volume= 87|issue= 3|page=28|issn=0306-5634}}</ref> and 16 in service by early 2017.<ref name="ai917 p201">{{cite magazine|last=Butowski|first=Piotr|title=Composite Planes |magazine=Air International|date=September 2017 |volume=93|issue=3|pages=20–21|issn=0306-5634}}</ref>
[[File:Антонов Ан-2МС (ТВС-2МС).jpg|thumb|SibNIA TVS-2DTS]]
* '''SibNIA TVS-2-DT''' – Fitted with new composite wings (with no bracing struts or wires) and tail. First flight 10 June 2015.<ref name="ai917 p201"/>
* '''SibNIA TVS-2-DTS''' – TVS-2-DT fitted with new all-composite fuselage.<ref name="ai917 p201"/> Production planned at [[Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant]] from 2019 to meet a requirement for at least 200 aircraft to be delivered from 2021 to 2025.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Broadbent|first=Mark|title=Russian commuterliner|magazine=Air International|date=April 2018|volume=94|issue=4|page=31|issn=0306-5634}}</ref>
* '''SibNIA TVS-2-DTS "Partizan"''' - unmanned version of the TVS-2-DTS <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ruavia.su/partizan-demonstrator-unmanned-airplane-performed-the-first-flight/ |title=Partizan demonstrator unmanned airplane performed the first flight – RuAviation |date=16 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |archive-date=2024-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219234121/https://ruavia.su/partizan-demonstrator-unmanned-airplane-performed-the-first-flight/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Chinese variants===
* '''Feng Shou-2''' (Harvester-2) – The name given to the first Nanchang built agricultural 'Y-5II'.<ref name = "An-2"/>[[File:Yunshuji Y-5.jpg|thumb|Nanchang Y-5 at China Aviation Museum, Beijing]]
* '''Feihong-98''' (FH-98) – Unmanned transport aircraft with a payload of 1.5 tonnes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/china-successfully-tests-feihong-98-worlds-largest-unmanned-transport-drone-1933626|title=China Successfully Tests World's Largest Unmanned Transport Drone|date=17 October 2018|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019052827/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/china-successfully-tests-feihong-98-worlds-largest-unmanned-transport-drone-1933626|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Nanchang Y-5''' – (''Yunshuji'' – transport) Chinese version of An-2, initially built from Soviet blueprints and with supervision from Soviet advisors, 727 had been built when production was transferred to Harbin in 1968.<ref name = "An-2"/><ref name = "Chinese">{{cite book |author1-first=Yefim |author1-last=Gordon |author1-link=Yefim Gordon |author2-last=Komissarov |author2-first=Dmitry |title=Chinese Aircraft |publisher=Hikoki Publications |publication-place=Manchester |date=2008 |isbn=978-1-902109-04-6}}</ref><ref name="sinodefence1">{{cite web |url=http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/airlift/y5.asp |title=Yun-5 Utility Aircraft |publisher=Sinodefence.com |date=2010-12-11 |access-date=11 March 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716012448/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/airlift/y5.asp |archive-date=2013-07-16 }}</ref>
* '''Nanchang Y-5II''' – Crop-sprayer/duster with a chemical hopper/tank in the cabin and interchangeable spraying/dusting equipment. Cooling of the cockpit was increased to improve comfort in the sub-tropical regions of China. 229 built.<ref name = "Chinese"/>
* '''Shijiazhuang Y-5A''' – First mass-produced, Shijiazhuang built, version, light passenger transport, equivalent to the An-2T, 114 built.<ref name = "Chinese"/><ref name="sinodefence1"/>
* '''Shijiazhuang Y-5B''' – Shijiazhuang built agricultural aircraft, equivalent to the An-2 SKh.<ref name = "Chinese"/><ref name="sinodefence1"/>
* '''Shijiazhuang Y-5B-100''' – Y-5B aircraft fitted with triple tipsails on the upper wing tips, which reputedly gave 20% higher climb rate and improved L/D ratio by 15%.<ref name = "Chinese"/>
* '''Shijiazhuang Y-5B(T)''' – A para-dropping version developed for the PLAAF, with up-dated avionics including a GPS.<ref name = "Chinese"/>
* '''Shijiazhuang Y-5B(K)''' – Variously reported as a tourist variant or Agricultural variant.<ref name = "Chinese"/>
* '''Shijiazhuang Y-5B(D)''' – Variously reported as an Agricultural variant or Tourist variant.<ref name = "Chinese"/>
* '''Nanchang Y-5C''' – Amphibian version of Y-5A fitted with two floats.<ref name = "Chinese"/><ref name="sinodefence1"/>
* '''Nanchang Y-5D''' – Bomber crew trainer.<ref name = "Chinese"/>
[[File:Antonov-2 cockpit.jpg|thumb|Cockpit of a 1971 ex-[[Aeroflot]] An-2 at the [[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]]. See also <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=2269 |title=Antonov An-2 cockpit, Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum |publisher=[[Gigapan]] |date=2007-12-27 |access-date=2014-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001191427/http://www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=2269 |archive-date=2011-10-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> for a very high resolution image of this cockpit.]]
* '''Nanchang Y-5K''' – A VIP passenger variant with five seats. Eleven were delivered to the PLAAF from 1958. A seven seater was delivered to [[Ho Chi Minh]] in [[North Vietnam]] and two were given to the Nepal Royal Flight for use by [[King Birendra]].<ref name = "Chinese"/>
* '''Shijiazhuang Y-5B (turboprop)''' – A projected turboprop upgrade conversion programme replacing the 1,000&nbsp;hp Huosai-5 radial engine with a more powerful turboprop.<ref name = "Chinese"/>
* '''HY100 Large UAV''' - An [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] based on either the Shijiazhuang or Nanchang models. According to the manufacturer, the HY100 "is the first and only "large-scale" UAV approved by the [[Civil Aviation Administration of China]]," has a listed payload of 1900 kilograms, and can be equipped for roles including crop spraying, forestry monitoring, and aerial firefighting. Payload is listed as 1900 kilograms and proposed roles include crop spraying, forestry management, and aerial firefighting.

===Ukrainian variants===

* [[File:Antonov An-2-100 at the MAKS-2013 (01).jpg|thumb|AN-2-100]]'''An-2-100''' – Modification of the design first flown in 2013 with a modern 3-bladed reversible propeller and a 1500shp [[Motor Sich]] Sich MS-14 turboprop engine running on kerosene rather than Avgas. First flew on 10 July 2013 in [[Kyiv]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name="усовершенствованные кукурузники" />

==Operators==
The aircraft is popular with air charter companies and small airlines, and is operated by private individuals and companies.
[[File:Antonov An-2 Users.png|thumb|Map with An-2 users in blue and former users in red]]

===Military operators===

====Current operators====
;{{AZE}}
*[[Azerbaijani Air Force]] 
;{{BUL}}
*[[Bulgarian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 51">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 2004 pg. 51|date=2004 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=51|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202344.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150109114217/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202344.html|archive-date=2015-01-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Bulgarian "Colt" back in Service |url= |magazine=[[AirForces Monthly]] |location= |publisher=[[Key Publishing]] |date=March 2019|page=17}}</ref>
;{{GEO}}
*[[Georgian Air Force]]<ref name="Georgia Modernization">{{Cite web|url=https://mod.gov.ge/en/news/read/7960/modernization-of-aviation-is-in-the-active-phase|title=Modernization of aviation is in the active phase|website=[[Ministry of Defense of Georgia]]|access-date=2022-02-05|archive-date=2022-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126093141/https://mod.gov.ge/en/news/read/7960/modernization-of-aviation-is-in-the-active-phase|url-status=live}}</ref>
;{{LAT}}
*[[Latvian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.sargs.lv/lv/nbs/2020-08-25/gaisa-speki-sanem-otru-atjaunoto-2-lidmasinu |title= The Air Force receives a second refurbished An - 2 aircraft |publisher= sargs.lv/lv/nbs |date=  25 August 2020|accessdate= 20 May 2021 |archive-date= 2021-05-26 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210526175401/https://www.sargs.lv/lv/nbs/2020-08-25/gaisa-speki-sanem-otru-atjaunoto-2-lidmasinu |url-status= live }}</ref>
;{{MD}}
*[[Moldovan Air Force]] 
;{{flag|North Korea}}
*[[Korean People's Army Air and Anti-Air Force|Korean People's Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1971 pg. 932">{{cite book|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201049.html|title=World Air Forces 1971 pg. 932|date=1971|publisher=FlightGlobal|location=UK|page=932|access-date=2021-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416194348/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201049.html|archive-date=2014-04-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
;{{flag|Russia}} 
* [[Russian Airborne Forces]]<ref>[https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12519985@egNews Военнослужащие по призыву Воздушно-десантных войск совершили первые прыжки из самолёта Ан-2 в Тульской области] // официальный интернет-сайт министерства обороны РФ от 11 июля 2024</ref>
;{{SRB}}
*[[Serbian Air Force and Air Defence]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-10|title=Saznajemo raspored remonta: Transportna avijacija RV i PVO ipak opstaje?|url=https://tangosix.rs/2016/10/05/srpski-2-na-remontu-u-madarskoj/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Tango Six|language=sr-RS|archive-date=2021-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006160456/https://tangosix.rs/2016/10/05/srpski-2-na-remontu-u-madarskoj/|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''{{PMR}}'''

* [[Armed Forces of Transnistria]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-27 |title=Ce trupe și armament există în Transnistria: 5.000 de militari interni și 1500, ilegal, de la ruși {{!}} Revista 22 |url=https://revista22.ro/international/ce-trupe-si-armament-exista-in-transnistria-5000-de-militari-interni-si-1500-ilegal-de-la-rusi |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=revista22.ro |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123164341/https://revista22.ro/international/ce-trupe-si-armament-exista-in-transnistria-5000-de-militari-interni-si-1500-ilegal-de-la-rusi |url-status=live }}</ref>
'''{{UKR}}'''
* [[Ukrainian Naval Aviation]] - in service of the [[10th Naval Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|10th Naval Aviation Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2019/10/navy-an2.html |title=Меценат подарував авіаційній бригаді ВМСУ літак Ан-2. 31.10.19 |accessdate=16 July 2021 |archive-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101064816/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2019/10/navy-an2.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.niknews.mk.ua/2021/01/06/an-2-sluzhivshij-kontrabandistam-peredan-nikolaevskim-morskim-letchikam/ |title=Ан-2, який служив контрабандистам, передано миколаївським морським льотчикам. 06.01.2021, 12:25 |accessdate=16 July 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122183723/http://www.niknews.mk.ua/2021/01/06/an-2-sluzhivshij-kontrabandistam-peredan-nikolaevskim-morskim-letchikam/ }}</ref>

[[File:Antonov AN-2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|An-2 of the [[Estonian Air Force]]]]

====Former operators====

;{{ALB}}
*[[Albanian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 42">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 2004 pg. 42|date=2004 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=42 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202335.html |access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141025060900/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202335.html |archive-date=2014-10-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{ARM}}
*[[Armenian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 43">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 2004 pg. 43|date=2004 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=43|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202336.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106113005/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202336.html|archive-date=2015-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{CHN}}
*[[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 51"/>
*[[People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 51"/>
;{{CRO}}
*[[Croatian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 53">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 2004 pg. 53|date=2004 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=53|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202346.html |access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190703165433/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202346.html |archive-date=2019-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{CUB}}
*[[Cuban Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1994 pg. 38">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 1994 pg. 38|date=1994 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=38|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%202016.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305153413/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%202016.html|archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:An-2 SP-MAX2.jpg|thumb|Antonov An-2]]
;{{EGY}} 
*[[Egyptian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1994 pg. 39">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 1994 pg. 39|date=1994 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=39|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%202017.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070104/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%202017.html|archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{EST}}
*[[Estonian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1994 pg. 39"/> 
;{{GDR}}
*[[Air Forces of the National People's Army]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1971 pg. 928">{{cite book|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201043.html|title=World Air Forces 1971 pg. 928|date=1971|publisher=[[FlightGlobal]]|location=UK|page=928|access-date=10 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615031859/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201043.html|archive-date=15 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Peenemunde_AN-2_2007.jpg|thumb|right|An-2 of the [[East German Air Force]]]]
;{{HUN}}
*[[Hungarian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1971 pg. 930">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 1971 pg. 930|date=1971 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=930|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201047.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615000104/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201047.html|archive-date=2013-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{MNG}}
*[[Mongolian People's Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1971 pg. 933">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 1971 pg. 933|date=1971 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=933|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201050.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101000005/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201050.html|archive-date=2014-11-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{POL}}
*[[Polish Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 1971 pg. 935">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 1971 pg. 935|date=1971 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=935|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201052.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708115136/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201052.html|archive-date=2015-07-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{ROM}}
*[[Romanian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Aeroclubul României |url=https://www.facebook.com/Aeroclubul.Romaniei/posts/3025282317491513?__tn__=-R  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/189125301107243/3025282317491513 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|publisher=Facebook |language=Romanian |date=16 February 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
;{{USSR}}
*[[Soviet Air Force]]
*[[Soviet Naval Aviation]]
;{{VIE}}
*[[Vietnam People's Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 100">{{cite book |title=World Air Forces 2004 pg. 100|date=2004 |publisher=FlightGlobal |location=UK |page=100 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202393.html|access-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701220331/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202393.html|archive-date=2015-07-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{YEM}}
*[[Yemen Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2004 pg. 100"/>

==Accidents and incidents==
[[File:Niger, Agadez, airport (06), Antonov An-2 from Bask Air.jpg|thumb|Two wrecked An-2R aircraft, both from Bask Air, at Agadez Airport in Niger]]

As of 8 January 2023 there have been 802 An-2 hull-loss accidents, claiming a total of 825 lives.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/types/Antonov-2/statistics|title=Antonov An-2|website=www.aviation-safety.net|access-date=9 January 2023|archive-date=15 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615224812/http://aviation-safety.net/database/types/Antonov-2/statistics|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the most recent accidents occurred around 13:30 on 14 November 2022 in the [[Everglades]], when an An-2, which had been seized by [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] was being transported to [[Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport]] and overturned during a forced landing caused by an engine failure. Both pilots survived.

The first known post-WWII act of suicide by pilot was with an An-2. Timofei Shovkunov stole an An-2 and flew it directly into his apartment building in [[Voroshilovgrad]] (now [[Luhansk]]) on March 27, 1972, apparently despondent after his wife having left along with his son the day before. He was the lone casualty.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rbth.com/history/330941-vladimir-serkov-timodei-shovkunov-soviet-suicide-by-plane |title=Horrific 'suicides by plane' that occurred in the USSR |author-first=Oleg |author-last=Yegorov |website=[[Russia Beyond]] |date=September 10, 2018 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725025256/https://www.rbth.com/history/330941-vladimir-serkov-timodei-shovkunov-soviet-suicide-by-plane |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the third known post-WWII act of [[suicide by pilot]], on September 26, 1976, Russian national Vladimir Serkov made an unauthorized takeoff with an An-2 (Reg # USSR-79868) from [[Severny Airport|Novosibirsk-Severny Airport]]. He crashed it into the stairwell of an apartment complex at Stepnaya&nbsp;st., house&nbsp;43 / 1, where his ex-wife's parents lived, in an attempt to kill his ex-wife. After completing two laps around the scene, Serkov attempted to pilot the plane to the parents' apartment where his wife and two-year-old son were visiting. The aircraft pierced the stairwell between the 3rd and 4th floors, and being fueled with 800 liters of gasoline, ignited a large fire inside the stairwell that ultimately spread to damage 30 total apartments. Firefighters were on scene in five minutes, taking 57 minutes to extinguish the blaze. A four-year-old and two six-year-old children were killed at the scene from burns. Another four-year-old child died eight days later as a result of burns. In total, 11 residents were injured as a result of fire burns.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://airdisaster.ru/database.php?id=482|title=Чрезвычайное происшествие (таран жилого дома) с Ан-2 Западно-Сибирского УГА в г. Новосибирск (борт СССР-79868), 26 сентября 1976 года. // AirDisaster.ru - авиационные происшествия, инциденты и авиакатастрофы в СССР и России - факты, история, статистика|website=airdisaster.ru|access-date=2017-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024202222/http://www.airdisaster.ru/database.php?id=482|archive-date=2017-10-24|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url = http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760926-3|title = Criminal Occurrence Description 26 September 1976|access-date = March 27, 2015|website = [[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150329062728/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19760926-3|archive-date = 29 March 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> Serkov's ex-wife (and her parents) and his toddler son were not injured in the incident.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto"/>

==Specifications (An-2)==
[[File:Antonov An-2 3view.svg|right|320px]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Biplanes, Triplanes, and Seaplanes<ref name="BTS"/>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1–2
|capacity=12 passengers / {{cvt|2140|kg|0}}
|length m=12.4
|length note=
|upper span m=18.2
|upper span note=
|lower span m=14.2
|lower span note=
|height m=4.1
|height note=
|wing area sqm=71.52
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=TsAGI R-11 (14%)<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=[[University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign]] |access-date=16 April 2019 |archive-date=5 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905115027/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|empty weight kg=3300
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=5440
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|1200|L|USgal impgal}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Shvetsov ASh-62IR]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled supercharged radial piston engine
|eng1 kw=750
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=4
|prop name=[[Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)|constant-speed propeller]] 
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=258
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=190
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=50
|stall speed note=circa
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=845
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=4500
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=3.5
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.136|kW/kg}}
|more performance=
* '''Fuel consumption:''' {{cvt|185|-|200|L/h|USgal/h impgal/h}}
|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Antonov An-3]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter]]
* [[Dornier Do 27]]
* [[Pilatus PC-6 Porter]]
|sequence=
|lists=
|see also=
* [[List of most-produced aircraft]]
}}

==References==
{{Page numbers needed|date=October 2010}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite journal |last1=Butowski|first1=Piotr|title='Antek's' Early Years: Creating a Legend–Formative Years of the Antonov An-2|journal=[[Air Enthusiast]]|date=May–June 1999|issue=81|pages=2–11 |issn=0143-5450}}
* [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995''. London: Osprey, 1995. {{ISBN|1-85532-405-9}}.
* Mader, Georg. "Hvratske Zrance Snage: Croatia's embargoed air force". ''[[World Air Power Journal]]'', Volume 24 Spring 1996. London:Aerospace Publishing. {{ISBN|1-874023-66-2}}. pp.&nbsp;139–147.
* Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. ''Antonov An-2''. Midland. Hinkley. 2004. {{ISBN|1-85780-162-8}}.
* Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. ''Chinese Aircraft''. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-902109-04-6}}.
*{{cite journal|title=Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation|journal=[[Air Enthusiast Quarterly]] |date=n.d. |issue=2 |pages=154–162 |issn=0143-5450}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060313165244/http://www.an2plane.ru/ an2plane.ru - the most detailed website about the aircraft An-2 plane An-2] (Russian and English)
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060812051558/http://www.vectorsite.net/avan2.html ''Antonov An-2'' article on Air Vectors]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060624152555/http://www.aviation.ru/An/ www.aviation.ru]
* [http://toniosky7.blogspot.com/2010/08/antonov-2-colt-walkaround-riga-aviation.html Antonov-2 walkaround]
* [http://www.bush-planes.com/Antonov-An-2.html www.bush-planes.com]
* [http://www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=2269 A very high resolution panoramic image of an An-2 cockpit]
* [http://scalemodels.ru/modules/photo/viewcat_cid_464.html Walkaround An-2 from Sokolovaya Balka, Ukraine]
* [http://scalemodels.ru/modules/photo/viewcat_cid_463.html Walkaround An-2SKh from Kyrgyz Aviation college]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194459/http://www.genantonov.org/ GenAIRation Antonov]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mNKUerLVnM/ A short video of a flight with an An-2]

{{Antonov aircraft}}
{{PZL aircraft}}
{{PRC transport aircraft}}
{{Chinese Military Aircraft}}
{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Antonov An-002}}
[[Category:Antonov aircraft|An-002]]
[[Category:1940s Soviet agricultural aircraft]]
[[Category:1940s Soviet civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:1940s Soviet military utility aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:STOL aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1947]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]