View source for Robot series

{{short description|Series of stories by Isaac Asimov}}
{{other uses}}
{{Redirect|U.S. Robots|the real-life computer networking company|U.S. Robotics}}
{{Infobox book series
| name = ''Robot'' series
| image = The-robots-of-dawn-doubleday-cover.jpg
| image_caption = ''The Robots of Dawn'' (1983)
| books = 
| author = [[Isaac Asimov]]
| editors = 
| title_orig = 
| translator = 
| illustrator = 
| cover_artist = 
| country = United States
| language = English
| genre = [[Science fiction]]
| publisher = 
| pub_date = {{start date|df=yes|1940}}–1995
| media_type = 
| number_of_books = 43
| list_books = 
| oclc = 
| preceded by = 
| followed by = 
| website = 
| italic title = no
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Robot'' series}}
The '''''Robot'' Series''' is a series of 37 [[science fiction]] [[short stories]] and six [[novel series|novels]] created by American writer [[Isaac Asimov]]; the books were published between 1940 and 1995. The series is set in a world where sentient [[positronic robot]]s serve a number of purposes in society. To ensure their loyalty, the [[Three Laws of Robotics]] are programmed into these robots, with the intent of preventing them from ever becoming a danger to humanity. Later, Asimov would merge the ''Robot'' series with his [[Foundation (book series)|''Foundation'' series]].

==Robot Novels and Stories==
[[File:Galaxy 195310.jpg|thumb|right|The first instalment of Asimov's ''The Caves of Steel'' took the cover of the October 1953 issue of ''[[Galaxy Science Fiction]]'', illustrated by [[Ed Emshwiller]]]]

The series started with the story "[[Robbie (short story)|Robbie]]" in the September 1940 ''[[Super Science Stories]]'' (appearing under the title "Strange Playfellow", which was not Asimov's title). Although it was originally written as a stand-alone story, the following year Asimov published a series of additional robot stories, which fit into a narrative that was then put together as the book ''[[I, Robot]]''.

=== List of works in the Robot Series, in chronological order by narrative ===

# ''[[The Complete Robot]]'' (1982) (which contains all short stories published in the earlier collections ''[[I, Robot]]'' (1950) and ''[[The Rest of the Robots]]'' (1964)), ''[[Robot Dreams (short story collection)|Robot Dreams]]'' (1986), ''[[Robot Visions]]'' (1990), and ''[[Gold (Asimov book)|Gold]]'' (1995) - collections of short stories and essays
# "[[The Bicentennial Man]]" (1976) and ''[[The Positronic Man]]'' (1992) - short story and related subsequent novel
# "[[Mother Earth (novelette)|Mother Earth]]" (1949) - short story in which no individual robots appear, but positronic robots are part of the background
# ''[[The Caves of Steel]]'' (1954) - first Robot series/R. Daneel Olivaw novel
# ''[[The Naked Sun]]'' (1957) - second Robot series/R. Daneel Olivaw novel
# "[[Mirror Image (short story)|Mirror Image]]" (1972) - short story about R. Daneel Olivaw and detective Elijah Baley
# ''[[The Robots of Dawn]]'' (1983) - third Robot series/R. Daneel Olivaw novel
# ''[[Robots and Empire]]'' (1985) - fourth Robot series/R. Daneel Olivaw novel

=== Overview of short stories ===
Most of Asimov's [[robot]] short stories, which he began to write in 1939, are set in the first age of positronic robotics and space exploration. The unique feature of Asimov's robots is the [[Three Laws of Robotics]], hardwired in a robot's [[positronic brain]], with which all robots in his fiction must comply, and which ensure that the robot does not turn against its creators.

The stories were not initially conceived as a set, but rather all feature his positronic robots. They all share a theme of the interaction of humans, robots, and morality. Some of the short stories found in ''[[The Complete Robot]]'' (1982) and other anthologies appear not to be set in the same universe as the [[Foundation universe|''Foundation'' universe]]. "[[Victory Unintentional]]" has positronic robots obeying the Three Laws, but also a non-human civilization on Jupiter. "[[Let's Get Together (short story)|Let's Get Together]]" features humanoid robots, but from a different future (where the [[Cold War]] is still in progress), and with no mention of the Three Laws. {{Anchor|corp}}Some characters appear in more than one of the stories, and the manufacturer of the robots is often identified as the (fictional) corporation ''U.S. Robots and Mechanical Men''.

''[[The Complete Robot]]'' contains most of Asimov's robot short stories. Missing ones were either written after its publication or formed the text connecting the stories in ''[[I, Robot]]''.

The six Asimov robot short stories not included in this book are:
* "[[Robot Dreams (Asimov short story)|Robot Dreams]]" (found in the [[Robot Dreams (short story collection)|anthology of the same title]])
* "[[Robot Visions]]" (found in the anthology of the same title)
* "Too Bad!" (found in ''[[Robot Visions]]'')
* "Christmas Without Rodney" (found in ''Robot Visions'')
* "[[Cal (short story)|Cal]]" (found in ''[[Gold (Asimov)|Gold]]'')
* "Kid Brother" (found in ''Gold'')

=== Overview of the Robot Novels ===
The first book is ''[[I, Robot]]'' (1950), a collection of nine previously published short stories woven together as a 21st-century interview with ''[[robopsychologist]]'' Dr. [[Susan Calvin]]. The next four robot novels ''[[The Caves of Steel]]'' (1953), ''[[The Naked Sun]]'' (1955), ''[[The Robots of Dawn]]'' (1983), and ''[[Robots and Empire]]'' (1985) make up the [[Elijah Baley]] (sometimes "Lije Baley") series, and are mysteries starring the Terran Elijah Baley and his humaniform robot partner, [[R. Daneel Olivaw]]. They are set thousands of years after the short stories and focus on the conflicts between Spacers — descendants of human settlers from other planets — and the people from an overcrowded Earth. "[[Mirror Image (short story)|Mirror Image]]", one of the short stories from ''The Complete Robot'' anthology, is also set in this time period (between ''[[The Naked Sun]]'' and ''[[The Robots of Dawn]]'') and features both Baley and Olivaw. Another short story (found in ''[[The Early Asimov]]'' anthology), "[[Mother Earth (novelette)|Mother Earth]]", is set about a thousand years before the robot novels, when the Spacer worlds chose to become separated from Earth.

''The Caves of Steel'' and ''The Naked Sun'' are both considered classics of the genre, but the later novels were also well received, with ''The Robots of Dawn'' nominated for both the Hugo and Locus Awards in 1984<ref name="WWE-1984">{{cite web |title=1984 Award Winners & Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1984 |access-date= |work=Worlds Without End}}</ref> and ''Robots and Empire'' shortlisted for the Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel in 1986.<ref name="WWE-1986">{{cite web |title=1986 Award Winners & Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1986 |access-date= |work=Worlds Without End}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
One source of inspiration for Asimov's robots was the Zoromes, a race of mechanical men that featured in a 1931 short story called "The Jameson Satellite", by [[Neil R. Jones]]. Asimov read this story at the age of 11, and acknowledged it as a source of inspiration in ''[[Before the Golden Age]]'' (1975), an anthology of 1930's science fiction in which Asimov told the story of the science fiction he read during his formative years. In Asimov's own words:

<blockquote>It is from the Zoromes, beginning with their first appearance in "The Jameson Satellite," that I got my own feeling for benevolent robots who could serve man with decency, as these had served Professor Jameson. It was the Zoromes, then, who were the spiritual ancestors of my own "[[positronic brain|positronic]] robots," all of them, from [[Robbie (short story)|Robbie]] to [[R. Daneel Olivaw|R. Daneel]].<ref name="golden-age">{{cite book
| title = Before the Golden Age 1
| last = Asimov
| first = Isaac
| author-link = Isaac Asimov
| year = 1975
| publisher = Orbit
| page = 65
| isbn = 0-86007-803-5
}}</ref></blockquote>

==Other authors of robot novels set in Asimov's universe==
{{refimprove|date=February 2025}}
The 1989 anthology ''[[Foundation's Friends]]'' included the positronic robot stories "Balance" by [[Mike Resnick]], "Blot" by [[Hal Clement]], "PAPPI" by [[Sheila Finch]], "[[Plato's Cave]]" by [[Poul Anderson]], "[[The Fourth Law of Robotics]]" by [[Harry Harrison (writer)|Harry Harrison]] and "Carhunters of the Concrete Prairie" by [[Robert Sheckley]]. Not all of these stories are entirely consistent with the Asimov stories. The anthology also included "Strip-Runner" by [[Pamela Sargent]], set in the era of the Elijah Baley novels.

Shortly before his death in 1992, Asimov approved an outline for three novels (''[[Isaac Asimov's Caliban|Caliban]]'', ''[[Isaac Asimov's Inferno|Inferno]]'', ''[[Isaac Asimov's Utopia|Utopia]]'') by [[Roger MacBride Allen]], set between ''Robots and Empire'' and the [[Galactic Empire series|''Empire'' series]], telling the story of the [[terraforming]] of the Spacer world Inferno, and about the robot revolution started by creating "No Law Robots" and then "New Law Robots."

There is also another set of novels by various authors (Isaac Asimov's ''Robot City'', ''[[Isaac Asimov's Robots and Aliens|Robots and Aliens]]'' and ''[[Isaac Asimov's Robots in Time|Robots in Time]]'' series), which are not generally considered [[canon (fiction)|canon]]. They are loosely connected to the Robots series, but they contain many inconsistencies with Asimov's books.

The Asimov estate authorized the publication of another trilogy of robot mysteries by [[Mark W. Tiedemann]]. These novels, which take place several years before Asimov's ''Robots and Empire'', are ''Mirage'' (2000), ''Chimera'' (2001), and ''Aurora'' (2002). These were followed by yet another robot mystery, [[Alexander C. Irvine]]'s ''Have Robot, Will Travel'' (2004), set five years after the Tiedemann trilogy.

In November 2009, the Asimov estate announced the upcoming publication of ''Robots and Chaos'', the first volume in a trilogy featuring Susan Calvin by fantasy author [[Mickey Zucker Reichert]].<ref>{{cite web|author=10/26/09 11:50am 10/26/09 11:50am |url=http://io9.com/5390043/meet-the-young-frisky-susan-calvin-in-i-robot-prequel-trilogy |title='''io9''', "Meet The Young, Frisky Susan Calvin, In "I, Robot" Prequel Trilogy |date=26 October 2009 |publisher=Io9.com |access-date=2013-11-27}}</ref> The book was published in November 2011 under the title ''I, Robot: To Protect'', and was later followed by two sequels: ''I, Robot: To Obey'' (2013) and ''I, Robot: To Preserve'' (2016).

==Adaptations==
* The first screen adaptation of an Asimov robot story was the third episode of the British television series ''[[Out of This World (UK TV series)|Out of This World]]'' based on "[[Little Lost Robot]]", first broadcast in 1962. Dramatized by {{Ill|Leo Lehman|de}} and starring [[Maxine Audley]] as Susan Calvin, this is the only episode of the series known to have survived.
* This was followed by a 1964 dramatization of ''[[The Caves of Steel]]'' for the BBC series ''Story Parade'' and then four episodes of the BBC television series ''[[Out of the Unknown]]'', based on "[[Satisfaction Guaranteed (short story)|Satisfaction Guaranteed]]" (1966), "[[Reason (short story)|Reason]] (in an episode titled "The Prophet", 1967), "[[Liar! (short story)|Liar!]]" (1969), and ''[[The Naked Sun]]'' (1969). In these adaptations, Elijah Baley was portrayed by [[Peter Cushing]] (''The Caves of Steel'') and [[Paul Maxwell]] (''The Naked Sun''), R. Daneel Olivaw by [[John Carson (actor)|John Carson]] (''The Caves of Steel'') and [[David Collings]] (''The Naked Sun''), and Susan Calvin by [[Beatrix Lehmann]] ("The Prophet") and Wendy Gifford ("Liar!"). In "Satisfaction Guaranteed", the character of Susan Calvin was renamed Dr. Inge Jensen and portrayed by [[Ann Firbank]].
* ''El robot embustero'' (1966), short film directed by [[Antonio Lara de Gavilán]], based on short story "[[Liar! (short story)|Liar!]]"
* ''[[Robots (1988 film)|Robots]]'' (1988), film directed by Doug Smith and Kim Takal, based on the ''Robot'' series
* ''[[Robot City (video game)|Robot City]]'' (1995), an [[adventure game]] released for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] and [[Mac OS]].
* ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), film directed by [[Chris Columbus (filmmaker)|Chris Columbus]], based on novelette "[[The Bicentennial Man]]" and on novel ''[[The Positronic Man]]''
* ''[[I, Robot (film)|I, Robot]]'' (2004), film directed by [[Alex Proyas]], based on ideas of short stories of the ''Robot'' series
* The Apple TV adaptation of the [[Foundation (TV series)|''Foundation'']] books contains several references to its shared universe with the Robots series. The robot character of Eto Demerzel is an adaptation of the character R. Daneel whose shrouded long-lived history is frequently mentioned. During the course of the show, several characters reference the "Robot Wars" that happened in the past and are apparently part of the Empire's history. According to show runner [[David S. Goyer]], the references to aspects such as the "Robot Wars" are planned to be explored in future seasons of the show.<ref>''[https://www.polygon.com/22691724/foundation-apple-tv-robot-lady-asimov-demerzel-three-laws Apple TV’s Foundation is also a stealthy adaptation of Asimov’s Robot books]'' - September 25, 2021. Polygon.com.</ref>

In the late 1970s, [[Harlan Ellison]] wrote a [[screenplay]] based on Asimov's book ''[[I, Robot]]'' for [[Warner Bros.]] This film project was ultimately abandoned, but Ellison's script was later published in book form as ''I, Robot: The Illustrated Screenplay'' (1994).

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#96c; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1975
| [[Locus Award|1975 Locus Awards]]
| [[Locus Award for Best Novelette|Best Novelette]]
| rowspan="2" | "[[. . . That Thou Art Mindful of Him|—That Thou Art Mindful of Him!]]"
| {{won|place=3}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1975|title=Locus Awards 1975|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hugo Award|1975 Hugo Awards]]
| [[Hugo Award for Best Novelette|Best Novelette]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1975-hugo-awards/|title=1975 Hugo Awards|work=[[Hugo Award|The Hugo Awards]]|access-date=December 17, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1975 Locus Poll
| Best All-Time Novel
| ''[[The Caves of Steel]]''
| {{won|place=30}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://locusmag.com/1998/Books/75alltime.html|title=Locus Poll Best All-time Novel Results: 1975, novels|work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]]|access-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1976
| 1976 Locus Awards
| Best Single Author Collection
| ''[[Buy Jupiter and Other Stories]]''{{efn|The collection includes the short story "[[Light Verse (short story)|Light Verse]]".}}
| {{won|place=13}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1976|title=Locus Awards 1976|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1977
| [[Nebula Award|1976 Nebula Awards]]
| [[Nebula Award for Best Novelette|Best Novelette]]
| rowspan="3" | "[[The Bicentennial Man]]"
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/award-year/1976/|title=1976 Nebula Awards|work=[[Nebula Award|The Nebula Awards]]|access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1977 Hugo Awards
| Best Novelette
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1977-hugo-awards/|title=1977 Hugo Awards|work=[[Hugo Award|The Hugo Awards]]|access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1977 Locus Awards
| Best Novelette
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=Locus77>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1977|title=Locus Awards 1977|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| Best Author Collection
| ''[[The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories]]''
| {{won|place=5}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=Locus77 />
|-
| 1983
| 1983 Locus Awards
| Best Single Author Collection
| ''[[The Complete Robot]]''
| {{won|place=7}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1983|title=Locus Awards 1983|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1984
| 1984 Hugo Awards
| [[Hugo Award for Best Novel|Best Novel]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[The Robots of Dawn]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1984-hugo-awards/|title=1984 Hugo Awards|work=[[Hugo Award|The Hugo Awards]]|access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1984 Locus Awards
| [[Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel|Best Science Fiction Novel]]
| {{won|place=2}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1984|title=Locus Awards 1984|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1986
| 1986 Locus Awards
| Best Science Fiction Novel
| ''[[Robots and Empire]]''
| {{won|place=4}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1986|title=Locus Awards 1986|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1987
| 1986 Nebula Awards
| [[Nebula Award for Best Short Story|Best Short Story]]
| rowspan="3" | "[[Robot Dreams (short story)|Robot Dreams]]"
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/award-year/1986/|title=1986 Nebula Awards|work=[[Nebula Award|The Nebula Awards]]|access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1987 Hugo Awards
| [[Hugo Award for Best Short Story|Best Short Story]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1987-hugo-awards/|title=1987 Hugo Awards|work=[[Hugo Award|The Hugo Awards]]|access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 1987 Locus Awards
| [[Locus Award for Best Short Story|Best Short Story]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=Locus87>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1987|title=Locus Awards 1987|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| Best Collecttion
| ''[[Robot Dreams (short story collection)|Robot Dreams]]''{{efn|The nominated collection includes the separately nominated short story of the same title.}}
| {{won|place=8}}
|-
| 1987 Locus Poll
| Best All-Time SF Novel
| ''The Caves of Steel''
| {{won|place=33}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://locusmag.com/1998/Books/87alltimesf.html|title=Locus Poll Best All-time Novel Results: 1987, sf novels|work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]]|access-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1990
| 1990 Locus Awards
| Best Collection
| ''[[The Asimov Chronicles: Fifty Years of Isaac Asimov|The Asimov Chronicles]]''{{efn|The collection includes several stories from the ''Robot'' series, including "[[Robbie (short story)|Robbie]]".}}
| {{won|place=14}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1990|title=Locus Awards 1990|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1995
| 1995 Locus Awards
| Best Art Book
| ''[[Harlan Ellison#I, Robot|I, Robot: the Illustrated Screenplay]]'' by [[ Harlan Ellison]] and Isaac Asimov
| {{won|place=3}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfadb.com/Locus_Awards_1995|title=Locus Awards 1995|work=Science Fiction Awards Database |access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| 1954 Retro-Hugo Awards
| [[Hugo Award for Best Novel#Retro-Hugos|Best Novel]]
| ''The Caves of Steel''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1954-retro-hugo-awards/|title=1954 Retro-Hugo Awards|work=[[Hugo Award|The Hugo Awards]]|access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
| rowspan="3" | 2012 Locus Poll
| Best 20th Century Novelette
| "The Bicentennial Man"
| {{won|place=4}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=Locus12>{{cite web |url=https://locusmag.com/2012/12/all-time-short-fiction-results-2012/|title=All-Time Short Fiction Results, 2012|work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]]|access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Best 20th Century Short Story
| "[[Robbie (short story)|Robbie]]"
| {{won|place=29}}
|-
| "[[Liar! (short story)|Liar!]]"
| {{won|place=41}}
|-
| 2016 
| 1941 Retro-Hugo Awards
| [[Hugo Award for Best Short Story#Retro Hugos|Best Short Story]]
| "Robbie"
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=Hugo41>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1941-retro-hugo-awards/|title=1941 Retro-Hugo Awards|work=[[Hugo Award|The Hugo Awards]]|access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 
| 1943 Retro-Hugo Awards
| Best Short Story
| "[[Runaround (story)|Runaround]]"
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=Hugo43>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1943-retro-hugo-awards/|title=1943 Retro-Hugo Awards|work=[[Hugo Award|The Hugo Awards]]|access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Merging the ''Robot'' series with Asimov's other series==
{{main|Foundation universe}}

==See also==
* [[Isaac Asimov bibliography (categorical)]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sikander.org/foundation.php Detailed timeline for the Robots and Foundation Universe]
* [http://www.codex-regius.de Another detailed timeline], sometimes on a day-by-day basis, was published in: {{cite book|last1=Codex|first1=Regius|title=From Robots to Foundations|date=2014|location=Wiesbaden/Ljubljana|isbn=978-1499569827}}
* [http://www3.sympatico.ca/n.rieck/links/cool_sci_fi.html#asimov-suggested-reading-order Syllabus reading order as suggested by Isaac Asimov]—From "Author's Note" of ''Prelude to Foundation'', Doubleday 1988 hardcover edition
* {{isfdb series|id=647|title=The Positronic Robot Stories}}
* {{IMDb name|0001920|Isaac Asimov}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-lit|[[Foundation universe|''Foundation'' universe]]}}
{{s-bef|before=None}}
{{s-ttl|title=''Robot'' series|years=1940–1985}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Galactic Empire series|''Galactic Empire'' series]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Robot series}}
{{Isaac Asimov novels}}

[[Category:Foundation universe| ]]
[[Category:Fiction about artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Book series introduced in 1950]]
[[Category:Foundation universe books|Robot series]]
[[Category:Science fiction book series]]
[[Category:Short story series]]