View source for Sam Johnson

{{Short description|American politician (1930–2020)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name         = Sam Johnson
|image        = Sam Johnson, official 109th Congress photo.jpg
|state        = [[Texas]]
|district     = {{ushr|TX|3|3rd}}
|term_start   = May 8, 1991
|term_end     = January 3, 2019
|predecessor  = [[Steve Bartlett]]
|successor    = [[Van Taylor]]
|office1      = Acting Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]]
|term_start1  = October 29, 2015
|term_end1    = November 5, 2015
|predecessor1 = [[Paul Ryan]]
|successor1   = [[Kevin Brady]]
|state_house2 = Texas
|district2    = 60th
|term_start2  = January 8, 1985
|term_end2    = May 21, 1991
|predecessor2 = [[Frank Eikenburg]]
|successor2   = Brian McCall
|birth_name   = Samuel Robert Johnson
|birth_date   = {{birth date|1930|10|11}}
|birth_place  = [[San Antonio]], Texas, U.S.
|death_date   = {{death date and age|2020|5|27|1930|10|11}}
|death_place  = [[Plano, Texas]], U.S.
|party        = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|spouse       = {{marriage|Shirley Melton|1950|2015|end=died}}
|children     = 3
|education    = [[Southern Methodist University]] ([[Bachelor of Business Administration|BBA]])<br>[[George Washington University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])
|allegiance   = United States
|branch       = [[United States Air Force]]
|serviceyears = 1950–1979
|rank         = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
|unit         = [[51st Fighter Wing|51st Fighter Interceptor Wing]]<br/>[[8th Fighter Wing|8th Tactical Fighter Wing]]
|commands     = [[31st Fighter Wing|31st Tactical Fighter Wing]]
|battles      = [[Korean War]]<br/>[[Vietnam War]]
|mawards      = [[Silver Star]] (2)<br/>[[Legion of Merit]] (3)<br/>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]<br/>[[Bronze Star Medal]] with [["V" device|valor]]<br>[[Purple Heart]] (2)
|module       = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Rep. Sam Johnson Highlights Teachers of the Year in his District.ogg|title=Sam Johnson's voice|type=speech|description=Sam Johnson highlights outstanding teachers in his home district<br/>Recorded May 7, 2002}}
}}
'''Samuel Robert Johnson''' (October 11, 1930 – May 27, 2020) was an American politician who served as the [[United States Representative|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|TX|3}} in Congress from 1991 to 2019. He was a member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. In October and November 2015, he was the acting Chairman of the [[House Committee on Ways and Means]], where he also served as chairman of the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security|Social Security Subcommittee]].

Johnson was also a [[United States Air Force]] [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] and was a decorated fighter pilot in both the [[Korean War]] and the [[Vietnam War]] where in the latter he was an American [[prisoner of war]] in [[North Vietnam]] for nearly seven years. On January 6, 2017, Johnson announced he would not run for reelection in 2018.<ref name=Politicoretire>{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/sam-johnson-wont-run-for-reelection-233283|title=Texas Rep. Sam Johnson announces he won't run for reelection|author1=Scott Bland|author2=Kyle Cheney|publisher=[[Politico (magazine)|Politico]]|date=January 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/sam-johnson-seven-year-pow-in-vietnam-who-became-a-texas-congressman-dies-at-89/2020/05/27/96a25586-a081-11ea-9590-1858a893bd59_story.html|title=Sam Johnson, Vietnam POW who became a Texas congressman, dies at 89|author=Matt Schudel|date=2020-05-27|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref> After the death of [[Louise Slaughter]] in March 2018, he became the oldest sitting member of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was the last Korean War veteran to serve in Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://about.bgov.com/blog/mccains-death-carper-senates-vietnam-veteran/|title=With McCain's Death, Carper Is Senate's Only Vietnam Veteran|date=August 26, 2018|website=Bloomberg Government|language=en|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Johnson was born October 11, 1930, in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Mima (Nabors) and Samuel Robert Johnson, Jr.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsQ6AAAAMAAJ&q=Mima+Nabors+Johnson|title=Neighbours|publisher=Taylor Publishing Company|year=1976|last=Neal|first=John Whitman Monroe|page=86}}</ref> Johnson grew up in [[Dallas]] and graduated from [[Woodrow Wilson High School (Dallas)|Woodrow Wilson High School]] in 1947.<ref name="congbio">U.S. Congress.[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=j000174 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: Sam Johnson]</ref> Johnson graduated from his hometown [[Southern Methodist University]] in 1951, earning a [[bachelor's degree]] in [[business administration]]. While at SMU, Johnson joined the [[Delta Chi]] social fraternity as well as the [[Alpha Kappa Psi]] business fraternity.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rotunda Yearbook|year=1951|publisher=Southern Methodist University|location=Dallas, Texas|page=284}}</ref>

He attained a [[master's degree]] from the [[Elliott School of International Affairs]] of the [[George Washington University]] in 1976.<ref name="AP">{{cite news|title=Sam Johnson, ex-Texas GOP congressman and Vietnam POW, dies|url=https://apnews.com/db7ef568bafb8693cd489e757e323c30|first=Will|last=Weissert|date=May 27, 2020|access-date=May 27, 2020|work=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Business school alumnus re-elected in Texas congressional race|url=https://www.gwhatchet.com/2016/11/08/business-school-alumnus-re-elected-in-texas-congressional-race/|first=Johnny|last=Morreale|date=November 8, 2016|access-date=May 27, 2020|newspaper=The GW Hatchet}}</ref>

== Military career ==
[[File:Sam Johnson in flight school.jpg|thumb|left|Johnson in flight school in 1951]]
[[File:Sam Johnson as first lieutenant.jpg|thumb|left|Johnson as a [[first lieutenant]] in 1957]]
Johnson had a 29-year career in the [[United States Air Force]], where he served as director of the [[United States Air Force Weapons School|Air Force Fighter Weapons School]] and flew the [[F-100 Super Sabre]] with the [[Thunderbirds (squadron)|Air Force Thunderbirds]] precision flying demonstration team. He commanded the [[31st Fighter Wing|31st Tactical Fighter Wing]] at [[Homestead AFB]], [[Florida]], and an air division at [[Holloman AFB]], [[New Mexico]], retiring as a [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]]. One of his classmates in flight school was future astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]]. The two remained lifelong friends.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Documents/2016/September%202016/0916buzz.pdf |title=BUZZ |publisher=AIR FORCE Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samjohnson.house.gov/Biography/ |title=U.S. Congressman Sam Johnson : Serving the 3rd District of Texas |publisher=Samjohnson.house.gov |access-date=August 29, 2010 |archive-date=September 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923061440/http://samjohnson.house.gov/Biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was a combat veteran of both the [[Korean War|Korean]] and [[Vietnam War]]s as a [[fighter pilot]]. During the Korean War, he flew 62 [[Aerial warfare|combat missions]] in the [[F-86 Sabre]] and shot down one [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15]]. During the Vietnam War, Johnson flew the [[F-4 Phantom II]].<ref name=AP/>

===POW===
On April 16, 1966, while flying his 25th combat mission in [[Vietnam]], he was shot down over [[North Vietnam]] and suffered a broken right arm and broken back. He was a [[prisoner of war]] for nearly seven years, including 42 months in solitary confinement. During this period, he was repeatedly [[torture]]d.<ref name=AP/><ref name=Swartsell/>

Johnson was part of a group of eleven U.S. military prisoners known as the [[Alcatraz Gang]], a group of prisoners separated from other captives for their resistance to their captors. They were held in "Alcatraz", a special facility about one mile away from the [[Hỏa Lò Prison]], notably nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton". Johnson, like the others, was kept in solitary confinement, locked nightly in [[legcuffs]] in a windowless 3-by-9-foot concrete cell with the light on around the clock.<ref>Adams, Lorraine. [https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19920331/1483968/perots-interim-partner-spent-7-12-years-as-pow "Perot's Interim Partner Spent 7{{frac|1|2}} Years As Pow"], ''[[Dallas Morning News]]'', March 11, 1992. Accessed July 2, 2008. "He was one of the ''Alcatraz Gang'' – a group of 11 prisoners of war who were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance."</ref><ref name=HonorBound>[[Stuart Rochester|Rochester, Stuart]]; and Kiley, Frederick. [https://books.google.com/books?id=IGemFZmcn_AC&dq=%22alcatraz+gang%22+coker&pg=PA326 "Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973"], 2007, [[United States Naval Institute|Naval Institute Press]]; {{ISBN|1-59114-738-7}}, via [[Google Books]], p. 326. Retrieved July 8, 2008.</ref><ref>[[James Stockdale|Stockdale, James B.]] "George Coker for Beach Schools", letter to ''[[The Virginian-Pilot]]'', March 26, 1996.</ref><ref name=" NYT19741208">{{cite news |last = Johnston |first=Laurie|title=Notes on People, Mao Meets Mobutu in China|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/12/18/archives/mao-meets-mobut-in-china-notes-on-people.html|date=December 18, 1974|access-date=May 3, 2010}}</ref><ref name="VeteransDayPOW">{{cite news|url=http://hamptonroads.com/2008/11/our-pows-locked-6-years-he-unlocked-spirit-inside|title=Our POWs: Locked up for 6 years, he unlocked a spirit inside|last=Kimberlin|first=Joanne|date=November 11, 2008|work=The Virginian Pilot|publisher=Landmark Communications|pages=12–13|access-date=November 11, 2008|archive-date=November 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125071114/http://hamptonroads.com/2008/11/our-pows-locked-6-years-he-unlocked-spirit-inside|url-status=dead}}</ref> Johnson was released on February 12, 1973, during [[Operation Homecoming]]. He recounted the details of his [[POW]] experience in his [[autobiography]], ''Captive Warriors''.<ref name=AP/><ref name=Swartsell/> By the time of his release, he weighed only 120 pounds. His right hand was permanently disabled, and he was left with a noticeable limp for the rest of his life.<ref name=WaPoObit/>

In 2018, Johnson donated objects related to his imprisonment to the collection of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]'s [[National Museum of American History]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsdesk.si.edu/events/advisory-smithsonian-accepts-congressman-sam-johnson-s-pow-possessions-tin-cup-toothpaste-vie|title=Advisory: Smithsonian Accepts Congressman Sam Johnson's POW Possessions; Tin Cup, Toothpaste From Vietnam War Join National Museum of American History's Collections|website=newsdesk.si.edu|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 020920-D-9880W-153.jpg|thumb|326x326px|Congressman Sam Johnson with [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Donald Rumsfeld]] and [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] General [[Richard Myers|Richard B. Myers]] watch the troops pass in review during the [[National POW/MIA Recognition Day]] ceremony at [[The Pentagon]] on September 20, 2002.]]

==Post-military career==
After his military career, he established a homebuilding business in [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], Texas.

=== Texas House of Representatives ===
He was elected to the [[Texas House of Representatives]] in 1984 and was re-elected three times, serving a total of seven years in the state legislature.<ref name="Swartsell">{{cite news|title=Longtime Texas congressman Sam Johnson, POW in Vietnam, dies at age 89|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2020/05/27/longtime-texas-congressman-sam-johnson-pow-in-vietnam-dies-at-age-89/|first=Nick|last=Swartsell|date=May 27, 2020|access-date=May 27, 2020|newspaper=The Dallas Morning News}}</ref>

===U.S. House of Representatives===
[[File:Dick Cheney and Sam Johnson.jpg|thumb|right|Johnson and [[Dick Cheney]] in 2001]]
[[File:Sam and Shirley Johnson with Rick Perry.jpg|thumb|right|Sam and Shirley Johnson with [[Governor of Texas|Governor]] [[Rick Perry]] in 2003]]
[[File:Col. Oliver North and Congressman Sam Johnson.png|thumb|right|Johnson greeting [[Oliver North]] in 2006]]
[[File:John McCain and Sam Johnson.jpg|thumb|right|Johnson with fellow [[Prisoner of war|POW]] [[John McCain]] in 2016]]
On May 8, 1991, he was [[1991 Texas's 3rd congressional district special election|elected to the U.S. House in a special election]] brought about by eight-year incumbent [[Steve Bartlett]]'s resignation to become [[List of mayors of Dallas|mayor of Dallas]]. Johnson defeated fellow [[Conservative (politics)|conservative]] Republican [[Thomas Pauken]], also of Dallas, 24,004 (52.6 percent) to 21,647 (47.4 percent).<ref>''Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections'' 6th ed., [[Washington, D.C.]], 2010, p. 1341</ref>

====Selected elections====

===== 2004 =====
{{see also|2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas#District 3|2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas#District 3|2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas#District 3}}
Johnson ran unopposed by the [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]] in his district in the 2004 election. Paul Jenkins, an independent, and James Vessels, a member of the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]], ran against Johnson. Johnson won overwhelmingly in a highly Republican district. Johnson garnered 86% of the vote (178,099), while Jenkins earned 8% (16,850) and Vessels 6% (13,204).<ref name="Roll Call">{{cite web|title=Member Profile – Sam Johnson, R|url=http://media.cq.com/members/460|access-date=May 27, 2020|publisher=[[Roll Call]]}}</ref>

===== 2006 =====
Johnson ran for re-election in 2006, defeating his opponent Robert Edward Johnson in the Republican [[Partisan primary|primary]], 85 to 15 percent.<ref name="state1">{{cite web |url=http://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist.exe |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109062336/http://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist.exe |archive-date=January 9, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/local/stories/DN-usreprndp_08met.ART.State.Edition3.aae3.html |title=News for Dallas, Texas &#124; Dallas Morning News &#124; Dallas-Fort Worth Politics &#124; The Dallas Morning News |publisher=Dallasnews.com |date=March 8, 2006 |access-date=August 29, 2010}}</ref>

In the general election, Johnson faced Democrat Dan Dodd and Libertarian Christopher J. Claytor.  Both Dodd and Claytor are [[United States Military Academy|West Point]] graduates.  Dodd was a U.S. Air Force officer who served in Vietnam,<ref>{{cite news|title=Texas candidates for State Representative, Governor, State Cabinet, U.S. Senator and Congress|url=http://www.ntxe-news.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=15&num=31207&printer=1|date=January 12, 2006|access-date=May 27, 2020|newspaper=North Texas e-News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528092451/http://www.ntxe-news.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=15&num=31207&printer=1|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> while Claytor served in [[Operation Southern Watch]] in Kuwait in 1992.<ref>{{cite news|title=Christopher Claytor, candidate for United States Representative|url=https://voterguide.dallasnews.com/2018-general/candidates/465/|access-date=May 28, 2020|newspaper=The Dallas Morning News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528091703/https://voterguide.dallasnews.com/2018-general/candidates/465/|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref>  It was only the fourth time that Johnson had faced Democratic opposition.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-14gbMQftG0C&pg=PA89|title=Representing Texas|publisher=BookSurge Publishing|year=2007|last=Guttery|first=Ben R.|page=84|isbn=9781419678844}}</ref>

Johnson retained his seat, taking 62.5% of the vote, while Dodd received 34.9% and Claytor received 2.6%.<ref>{{cite news|title=County goes Democratic; Republicans hold state, national posts|url=https://starlocalmedia.com/mesquitenews/news/county-goes-democratic-republicans-hold-state-national-posts/article_31e02964-05d6-5174-959f-4cb8b4ae0033.html|first=Brian|last=Porter|date=November 14, 2006|access-date=May 28, 2020|newspaper=Mesquite News}}</ref>  However, this was by far less a margin of victory then in past years, when Johnson won by 80 percent or more.<ref name="Roll Call"/>

===== 2008 =====
Johnson retained his seat in the House of Representatives by defeating Democrat Tom Daley and Libertarian nominee Christopher J. Claytor in the 2008 general election. He won with 60 percent of the vote, an unusually low total for such a heavily Republican district.<ref name="state1"/>

===== 2010 =====
Johnson won re-election with 66.3 percent of the vote against Democrat John Lingenfelder (31.3 percent) and [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]] Christopher Claytor (2.4 percent).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/texas|title=Texas Election Results 2010|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|year=2010|access-date=March 15, 2011}}</ref>

===== 2014 =====
Johnson handily won re-nomination to his twelfth full term in the U.S. House in the Republican primary held on March 4. He polled 30,943 votes (80.5 percent); two challengers, Josh Loveless and Harry Pierce, held the remaining combined 19.5 percent of the votes cast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://team1.sos.state.tx.us/enr/results/mar04_169_state.htm?x=0&y=218&id=176|title=Republican primary election returns, March 4, 2014|publisher=Texas Secretary of State|access-date=March 6, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140305180619/https://team1.sos.state.tx.us/enr/results/mar04_169_state.htm?x=0&y=218&id=176|archive-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref>

===== 2016 =====
Johnson won reelection to his 13th full term in the general election held on November 8, 2016. With 193,684 votes (61.2 percent), he defeated Democrat Adam P. Bell, who polled 109,420 (34.6 percent). Scott Jameson and Paul Blair, the nominees of the Libertarian and [[Green Party (United States)|Green]] parties, polled 10,448 votes (3.3 percent) and 2,915 (0.92 percent), respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist319_state.htm|title=Election Results|date=November 8, 2016|publisher=Texas Secretary of State|access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref>

===== 2018 =====
Three days after being sworn in for his 14th term overall and his 13th full term, Johnson announced he would not run for reelection.<ref name=Politicoretire/>

==== Tenure ====
In the House, Johnson was an ardent [[Conservatism (United States)|conservative]].<ref name=AP/><ref name=Swartsell/> By some views, Johnson had the most conservative record in the House for three consecutive years, opposing [[pork barrel]] projects of all kinds, voting for more [[Individual Retirement Account|IRAs]] and against extending unemployment benefits. The conservative watchdog group [[Citizens Against Government Waste]] consistently rated him as being friendly to taxpayers. Johnson was a signer of [[Americans for Tax Reform#Taxpayer Protection Pledge|Americans for Tax Reform]]'s [[Taxpayer Protection Pledge]].<ref name ="ATR">{{cite web|title=The Taxpayer Protection Pledge Signers 112th Congressional List|url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/atrfiles/files/files/091411-federalpledgesigners.pdf|publisher=Americans for Tax Reform|access-date=November 30, 2011}}</ref>

Johnson was a member of the conservative [[Republican Study Committee]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Member List|url=https://rsc-walker.house.gov/|publisher=Republican Study Committee|access-date=December 21, 2017|archive-date=January 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101195017/https://rsc-walker.house.gov/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and joined [[Dan Burton]], [[Ernest Istook]], and [[John Doolittle]] in refounding it in 1994 after [[Newt Gingrich]] pulled its funding.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Cabal That Quietly Took Over the House|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/05/the-cabal-that-quietly-took-over-the-house/276213/|first=Tim|last=Alberta|date=May 24, 2013|access-date=May 27, 2020|magazine=The Atlantic}}</ref> He alternated as chairman with the other three co-founders in the late 1990s.<ref>{{cite news|title=The NEA's Uphill Battle|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1997/04/10/the-neas-uphill-battle/086192ef-b3be-4daf-a81f-8bbe6dc4d97e/|first=Jacqueline|last=Trescott|date=May 25, 2020|access-date=May 25, 2020|newspaper=April 10, 1997}}</ref>

In November 1997, Johnson was one of eighteen Republicans in the House to co-sponsor [[1997 impeachment resolution by Bob Barr|a resolution]] by [[Bob Barr]] that sought to launch an [[Impeachment inquiry in the United States|impeachment inquiry]] against President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="pace1">{{cite web |last1=Pace |first1=David |title=17 in House seek probe to impeach president |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/498562556 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Record | agency= The Associated Press |access-date=4 March 2021 |language=en |date=6 Nov 1997 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="hutcheson"/> The resolution did not specify any charges or allegations.<ref name="hutcheson">{{cite web |last1=Hutcheson |first1=Ron |title=Some House Republicans can't wait for elections |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/197738955 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=Asheville Citizen-Times |agency= Knight-Rider Newspapers |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=17 Nov 1997}}</ref> This was an early effort to [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeach]] Clinton, predating the eruption of the [[Clinton–Lewinsky scandal]]. The eruption of that scandal would ultimately lead to a more serious effort to impeach Clinton in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barkham |first1=Patrick |title=Clinton impeachment timeline |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1998/nov/18/clinton.usa |website=The Guardian |access-date=6 March 2021 |language=en |date=18 November 1998}}</ref> On October 8, 1998, Johnson voted in favor of legislation that was passed to open [[Impeachment inquiry against Bill Clinton|an impeachment inquiry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Roll Call 498 Roll Call 498, Bill Number: H. Res. 581, 105th Congress, 2nd Session |url=https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/1998498 |website=clerk.house.gov |publisher=Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives |access-date=1 March 2021 |language=en |date=8 October 1998}}</ref> [[Impeachment of Bill Clinton|On December 19, 1998]], Johnson voted in favor of all four proposed [[articles of impeachment]] against Clinton (only two of which received the needed majority of votes needed to be adopted).<ref>{{cite web |title=Roll Call 546 Roll Call 546, Bill Number: H. Res. 611, 105th Congress, 2nd Session |url=https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/1998546 |website=Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives |access-date=6 March 2021 |language=en |date=19 December 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Roll Call 545 Roll Call 545, Bill Number: H. Res. 611, 105th Congress, 2nd Session |url=https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/1998545 |website=Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives |access-date=6 March 2021 |language=en |date=19 December 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Roll Call 544 Roll Call 544, Bill Number: H. Res. 611, 105th Congress, 2nd Session |url=https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/1998544 |website=Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives |access-date=6 March 2021 |language=en |date=19 December 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Washington |first1=U. S. Capitol Room H154 |last2=p:225-7000 |first2=DC 20515-6601 |title=Roll Call 543 Roll Call 543, Bill Number: H. Res. 611, 105th Congress, 2nd Session |url=https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/1998543 |website=Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives |access-date=6 March 2021 |language=en |date=19 December 1998}}</ref>

On the Ways and Means Committee, he was an early advocate and, then, sponsor of the successful repeal in 2000 of the earnings limit for [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] recipients. He proposed the Good Samaritan Tax Act to allow corporations to take a tax deduction for charitable giving of food. He chaired the [https://web.archive.org/web/20050624182242/http://edworkforce.house.gov/members/109th/mem-eer.htm Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations], where he encouraged small business owners to expand their [https://web.archive.org/web/20050624173626/http://edworkforce.house.gov/press/press109/first/06jun/pensionintro060905.htm pension] and<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.00525:health |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719105212/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.00525:health |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 19, 2012 |title=Bill Summary & Status – 109th Congress (2005–2006) – H.R.525 – THOMAS (Library of Congress) |publisher=Thomas.loc.gov |date=July 27, 2005 |access-date=August 29, 2010 }}</ref> benefits for employees. In December 2016, Johnson introduced [https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/6489?r=37 H.R. 6489], a bill that would increase [[Social Security (United States)#Benefits|Social Security payments]] to low-income beneficiaries while reducing payments to high-income beneficiaries and would gradually add two years to the [[Retirement Insurance Benefits#Full retirement age|minimum age]] for receiving full retirement payments.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Richard W. |last2=Smith |first2=Karen E. |title=Comparing Democratic and Republican Approaches to Fixing Social Security: An Analysis of the Larson and Johnson Bills |url=https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/103288/comparing-democratic-and-republican-approaches-to-fixing-social-security_0.pdf |publisher=Urban Institute |date=December 2020 |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref>"[https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/6489?r=37 H.R.6489: To preserve Social Security for generations to come, reward work, and improve retirement security]". ''United States Congress''. December 8, 2016; retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>

Johnson opposed calls for government intervention in the name of energy reform if such reform would hamper the market and or place undue burdens on individuals seeking to earn decent wages.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sam Johnson on Energy & Oil|url=https://www.ontheissues.org/TX/Sam_Johnson_Energy_+_Oil.htm|access-date=May 27, 2020|work=On the Issues|publisher=Snopes}}</ref> He called for allowing additional drilling for oil in [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Moderate Republicans balk at refuge drilling|url=https://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Moderate-Republicans-balk-at-refuge-drilling-1921184.php|first=Bennett|last=Roth|date=November 9, 2005|access-date=May 27, 2020|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}</ref>

After the death of [[John McCain]], Johnson became the only Vietnam-era prisoner of war serving in Congress.<ref>{{cite news|title=McCain marks 40th anniversary of POW release|author=Catalina Camia|agency=USA Today|url=http://www.armytimes.com/mobile/news/2013/03/gannett-mccain-marks-40th-anninversary-pow-release-031413|newspaper=Army Times|date=March 14, 2013|access-date=March 15, 2013}}</ref>

In December 2017, Johnson signed a letter from Congress (along with 106 other Congress members) to [[FCC]] Chairman [[Ajit Pai]] supporting his plan to repeal [[net neutrality]] ahead of the commission's vote.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://energycommerce.house.gov/news/letter/letter-fcc-restoring-internet-freedom/|title=Letter to the FCC on Restoring Internet Freedom|date=December 13, 2017|work=ENERGY AND COMMERCE COMMITTEE|access-date=December 14, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=December 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214144732/https://energycommerce.house.gov/news/letter/letter-fcc-restoring-internet-freedom/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Committee assignments===
* [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|Committee on Ways and Means]] (Interim Chair)<ref name=Neal>{{cite web|title=Neal Statement on the Passing of Former Ways and Means Subcommittee Chairman Sam Johnson|url=https://waysandmeans.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/neal-statement-passing-former-ways-and-means-subcommittee-chairman-sam|date=May 27, 2020|access-date=May 27, 2020|work=House Committee on Ways and Means|publisher=US House of Representatives|archive-date=June 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619170712/https://waysandmeans.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/neal-statement-passing-former-ways-and-means-subcommittee-chairman-sam|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health|Subcommittee on Health]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Joint Hearing on Statutorily Required Audits of Medicare Advantage Plan Bids|url=https://waysandmeans.house.gov/legislation/hearings/joint-hearing-statutorily-required-audits-medicare-advantage-plan-bids|date=October 16, 2009|access-date=May 27, 2020|work=House Committee on Ways and Means|publisher=US House of Representatives|archive-date=August 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808045735/https://waysandmeans.house.gov/legislation/hearings/joint-hearing-statutorily-required-audits-medicare-advantage-plan-bids|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security|Subcommittee on Social Security]] (Chairman)<ref name=Neal/>
* [[Joint Committee on Taxation]]<ref>{{cite web|title=General Explanation of Tax Legislation Enacted in 2015 (Joint Committee Blue Book)|url=http://www.mtc.gov/getattachment/Uniformity/Project-Teams/Partnership-Informational-Project/Joint-Committee-Blue-Book.pdf.aspx|date=March 2016|access-date=May 27, 2020|work=Joint Committee on Taxation|publisher=US House of Representatives}}</ref>

===Caucus memberships===
* Immigration Reform Caucus<ref>{{cite news|title=Dangerous Liaisons: Congressmen to Join Nativist Hate Group Today|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2009/11/06/dangerous-liaisons-congressmen-join-nativist-hate-group-today|date=November 6, 2009|access-date=May 27, 2020|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref>
* [[United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus|International Conservation Caucus]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Members|url=https://royce.house.gov/internationalconservation/members.html|publisher=U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus|access-date=August 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801155201/https://royce.house.gov/internationalconservation/members.html|archive-date=August 1, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Public Pension Reform Caucus
* Republican Study Committee
* Sportsmen's Caucus<ref>{{cite web|title=Congressional Sportsmen's Caucus Membership in the 115th Congress|url=http://congressionalsportsmen.org/uploads/home/115th_CSC_Roster.pdf|date=December 5, 2018|access-date=May 27, 2020|publisher=Congressional Sportsmen's Caucus|archive-date=February 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219123018/http://congressionalsportsmen.org/uploads/home/115th_CSC_Roster.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Johnson was married to Shirley L. Melton of Dallas from 1950 until her death on December 3, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://samjohnson.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398022|title=Congressman Sam Johnson on the passing of wife, Shirley Melton Johnson|date=December 3, 2015|website=Congressman Sam Johnson|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=July 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709094249/https://samjohnson.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398022|url-status=dead}}</ref> They had three children and ten grandchildren. Their son Bob predeceased both his parents in 2013.<ref name=AP/>

Johnson died on May 27, 2020, in [[Plano, Texas]], the city where he lived the last years of his life. The cause of death was not disclosed but a former spokesperson had announced it was unrelated to [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]].<ref name=WaPoObit>{{Cite news|title=Sam Johnson, Vietnam POW who became a Texas congressman, dies at 89|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/sam-johnson-seven-year-pow-in-vietnam-who-became-a-texas-congressman-dies-at-89/2020/05/27/96a25586-a081-11ea-9590-1858a893bd59_story.html|first=Matt |last=Schudel |newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> He was 89.<ref name=AP/><ref name=Swartsell/> He was buried with full military honors at Restland Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas on June 8.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/obituaries/2020/06/08/sam-johnson-longtime-north-texas-congressman-honored-at-memorial-service/|title=Sam Johnson, longtime North Texas congressman, honored at memorial service|first=LaVendrick|last=Smith|newspaper=The Dallas Morning News|date=2020-06-08|access-date=2022-09-10}}</ref>

Johnson was a [[Methodism|Methodist]].<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/01/19161723/Member-affiliations-for-web.pdf |title=Religious affiliation of members of 115th Congress |date=2017-01-03 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |access-date=2023-04-18}}</ref> He sat on the board of directors of the [[Institute in Basic Life Principles]].<ref name="NBC 2020" >{{cite web |last1=Radnofsky |first1=Caroline |title=Ministry that once nourished Duggar family's faith falls from grace |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ministry-nourished-duggar-familys-faith-falls-grace-rcna14024 |website=nbcnews.com |date=February 6, 2022 |publisher=NBC |access-date=6 June 2023}}</ref>

== Awards and decorations ==
Johnson's decorations and awards included:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=95|title=Sam Johnsin|website=Veteran Tributes|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|-
|colspan="4"|[[File:COMMAND PILOT WINGS.png|200px]]
|-
|colspan="4"|[[File:US Army Airborne basic parachutist badge.gif|150px]]
|-
|-
|colspan="4"|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Silver Star ribbon.svg|width=110}}{{Ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|ribbon=Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=|type=oak|other_device=v|ribbon=Bronze Star ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Purple Heart ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=oak|ribbon=Meritorious Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|other_device=|ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=|ribbon=Air Force Commendation ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=|ribbon=AF Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon.png|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|other_device=v|ribbon=Outstanding Unit ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Outstanding Unit ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Prisoner of War ribbon|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|ribbon=Combat Readiness Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|name=KSMRib|width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=16|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=5|type=oak|ribbon=Air Force Longevity Service ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=|ribbon=USAF Marksmanship ribbon.svg |width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|name=Presidential Unit Citation (Korea)|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Vietnam_gallantry_cross_unit_award-3d.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=United Nations Service Medal Korea ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Vietnam Campaign Medal ribbon with 60- clasp.svg|width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Republic_of_Korea_War_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|colspan="12"|[[USAF Aeronautical Ratings#Pilot ratings|USAF Command pilot badge]]
|-
|colspan="12"|[[Parachutist Badge (United States)|USAF Parachutist badge]]
|-
|colspan="6"| [[Silver Star]]<br>with bronze [[oak leaf cluster]]
|colspan="6"| [[Legion of Merit]]<br>with two bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|colspan="4"|[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]
|colspan="4"|[[Bronze Star Medal]]<br>with [[Combat "V"]]
|colspan="4"|[[Purple Heart]]<br>with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|colspan="4"|[[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)|Meritorious Service Medal]]
|colspan="4"|[[Air Medal]]<br>with three bronze oak leaf clusters
|colspan="4"|[[Commendation Medal#Air Force|Air Force Commendation Medal]]<br>with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|colspan="4"|[[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Air Force Presidential Unit Citation]]
|colspan="4"|[[Air Force Outstanding Unit Award]]<br>with Combat "V" and three oak leaf clusters
|colspan="4"|Air Force Outstanding Unit Award<br>''(second ribbon required for accoutrement spacing)''
|-
|colspan="4"|[[Prisoner of War Medal]]
|colspan="4"|[[Combat Readiness Medal]]<br>with two bronze oak leaf clusters
|colspan="4"|[[National Defense Service Medal]]<br>with [[service star]]
|-
|colspan="4"|[[Korean Service Medal]]<br>with two bronze [[campaign star]]s
|colspan="4"|[[Vietnam Service Medal]]<br>with three silver and one bronze campaign stars
|colspan="4"|[[Air Force Longevity Service Award]]<br>with silver oak leaf cluster
|-
|colspan="4"|[[Marksmanship Ribbon#Air Force|Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon]]
|colspan="4"|[[Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation]]
|colspan="4"|[[Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)|Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross]]
|-
|colspan="4"|[[United Nations Korea Medal]]
|colspan="4"|[[Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal]]
|colspan="4"|[[Korean War Service Medal]]
|-
|}

===Silver Star citations===
[[File:Silver_Star_medal.png|50px|left]]
'''Silver Star for Actions of 16 April  1966'''<ref name = vasj>{{cite web|url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/24437|title=Valor awards for Sam Johnson|website=Military Times|access-date=2022-09-10}}</ref>

<blockquote>The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 8, 1918 (amended by act of July 25, 1963), takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Major Samuel Robert Johnson, United States Air Force, for gallantry in connection with military operations against an opposing armed force while serving with the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing, Ubon Royal Thai Air Base, Thailand, Pacific Air Force, in action in Southeast Asia on 16 April 1966. On that date, Major Johnson led a flight of two F-4C Fighter-Bombers on a twilight armed recce mission against a heavily defended target deep within hostile territory. Locating the target despite restricted visibility due to haze and terrain, Major Johnson encountered a curtain of flak as he rolled in for his first strike. Immediately altering his attack, although at a dangerously low altitude, he turned into the very teeth of fire from the menacing guns and continued to press the attack until his aircraft sustained mortal damage, forcing him to eject. This courageous act, attempted in the face of devastating ground fire at minimum altitude and great personal risk, epitomized the finest qualities of a true combat pilot. By his gallantry and devotion to duty, Major Johnson has reflected great credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.</blockquote>

[[File:Silver_Star_medal.png|50px|left]]
'''Silver Star for Actions of January 1969'''<ref name = vasj/>

<blockquote>The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 8, 1918 (amended by act of July 25, 1963), takes pleasure in presenting a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Second Award of the Silver Star to Colonel Samuel Robert Johnson, United States Air Force, for gallantry and intrepidity in action in connection with military operations against an opposing armed force during January 1969, while a Prisoner of War in North Vietnam. Ignoring international agreements on treatment of prisoners of war, the enemy resorted to mental and physical cruelties to obtain information, confessions, and propaganda materials. Colonel Johnson resisted their demands by calling upon his deepest inner strengths in a manner which reflected his devotion to duty and great credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.</blockquote>

===Other awards and honors===
* 1990: Johnson was inducted into the [[Woodrow Wilson High School (Dallas)|Woodrow Wilson High School]] Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|title=Woodrow Wilson Hall of Fame|url=https://www.wwhsaa.org/about/hall-of-fame/|access-date=May 27, 2020|publisher=Woodrow Wilson High School Alumni Association}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* October 2009: the [[Congressional Medal of Honor Society of the United States of America|Congressional Medal of Honor Society]] awarded Johnson the National Patriot Award, the Society's highest civilian award given to Americans who exemplify patriotism and strive to better the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/state/stories/DN-johnsonmedal_03met.ART.State.Edition1.4bee69b.html |title=Congressional Medal of Honor Society selects Sam Johnson for its National Patriot Award &#124; News for Dallas, Texas &#124; Dallas Morning News &#124; Texas Politics &#124; The Dallas Morning News |publisher=Dallasnews.com |date=October 3, 2009 |access-date=August 29, 2010}}</ref>
* 2011: Freedom of Flight award<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gop.gov/member/sam-johnson/|title=Sam Johnson - gop.gov|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=August 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808011014/https://www.gop.gov/member/sam-johnson/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2014: Portion of [[U.S. Route 75|U.S Highway 75]] between the [[President George Bush Turnpike]] and [[U.S. Route 380|U.S. Highway 380]] is renamed as Sam Johnson Highway in his honor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-25 |title=Highway named to honor Rep. Sam Johnson |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2014/02/25/highway-named-to-honor-rep-sam-johnson/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref>
* March 2016: Congressional Patriots Award<ref>{{cite web|url=https://samjohnson.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398188|title=Sam Johnson Awarded Inaugural Bipartisan Congressional Patriot Award|date=March 16, 2016|website=Congressman Sam Johnson|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=February 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021804/https://samjohnson.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398188|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* April 2016: Patriot Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://starlocalmedia.com/friscoenterprise/u-s-rep-sam-johnson-honored-with-patriot-award-at/article_731ad6f8-1082-11e6-a0e2-27e862092c13.html|title=U.S. Rep. Sam Johnson honored with Patriot Award at Dallas Military Foundation Gala|author=Staff report|date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
* 2015: Johnson was inducted into the [[International Air & Space Hall of Fame]] at the [[San Diego Air & Space Museum]].<ref>Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. ''These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame''. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. {{ISBN|978-1-57864-397-4}}.</ref>
* 2020: Sam Johnson Elementary School ([[Prosper Independent School District|Prosper ISD]] – [[Celina, Texas|Celina, TX]]) was named in his honor<ref>{{Cite web |title=About our School's Namesake |url=https://www.prosper-isd.net/o/joes/page/about-our-schools-namesake |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.prosper-isd.net}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* 1992, ''Captive Warriors: A Vietnam P.O.W.'s Story''; {{ISBN|0-89096-496-3}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikisource author}}
* {{CongLinks | congbio=j000174 | votesmart=27079 | fec=H2TX03118 | congress=sam-johnson/603 }}
* {{C-SPAN|18711}}
* [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/congressman-sam-johnson-receives-national-patriot-award-19545483/ Tribute to Sam Johnson], Smithsonian Institution
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/26/AR2006022601227.html Texas Nonprofit Is Cleared After GOP-Prompted Audit: Group Says Probe Was 'Political Retaliation' by DeLay Allies], Washington Post, February 27, 2006

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Sam}}
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