View source for Livable Netherlands

{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox political party
| country          = the Netherlands
| colorcode        = {{party color|Livable Netherlands}}
| name             = Livable Netherlands
| native_name      = {{lang|nl|Leefbaar Nederland}}
| logo             = Leefbaar Nederland logo (2001-2007).svg
| leader           = [[Pim Fortuyn]] <small>(2001–2002)</small> <br> [[Fred Teeven]] <small>(2002–2003)</small> <br> [[Haitske van der Linde]] <small>(2003–2004)</small> <br> [[Fons Zinken]] <small>(2004–2007)</small>
| chairman         = [[Jan Nagel]] <small>(1999–2004)</small> <br> [[Fons Zinken]] <small>(2004–2007)</small>
| leader1_title    = Leader in the Senate
| leader1_name     = 
| leader2_title    = Leader in the House of Representatives
| leader2_name     = 
| leader3_title    = Leader in the European Parliament
| leader3_name     = 
| foundation       = {{Start date|1999|03|25|df=y}}
| merger           = 
| split            = 
| dissolved        = {{End date|2007|09|10|df=y}}
| merged           = 
| seats1_title     = [[Senate (Netherlands)|Seats in the Senate]]
| seats1           = 
| seats2_title     = [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Seats in the House of Representatives]]
| seats2           = 
| seats3_title     = Seats in the European Parliament
| seats3           = 
| ideology         = [[Populism]]<br>[[Nationalism]]<br>[[Republicanism in the Netherlands|Republicanism]]<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050906205129/http://www.parties-and-elections.de/netherlands.html|archive-date=6 September 2005|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.de/netherlands.html|title=Netherlands|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2003|url-status=unfit}}</ref>
| position         = [[Centrism|Centre]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Otjes|first1=Simon|last2=Krouwel|first2=André|date=2018|title=Old Voters on New Dimensions: Why Do Voters Vote for Pensioners' Parties? The Case of the Netherlands|journal=[[Journal of Aging & Social Policy]]|volume=30|issue=1|pages=24–47|doi=10.1080/08959420.2017.1363589|pmid=28812440|doi-access=free|issn=0895-9420}}</ref>
| religion         = 
| youth_wing       = 
| wing1_title      = Thinktank
| wing1            = 
| international    = 
| european         = 
| europarl         = 
| colours          = {{color box|White|border=darkgray}} [[White]]<br>{{color box|{{party color|Livable Netherlands}}|border=darkgray}} [[Orange (colour)|Orange]]
| headquarters     = 
| website          = 
}}

'''Livable Netherlands''' ({{langx|nl|Leefbaar Nederland}}, '''LN''') was a [[Politics of the Netherlands|Dutch]] [[political party]]. [[Pim Fortuyn]] began his political career in the party.

==History==
Historically there have always been parties in [[Provincial council (Netherlands)|States Provincial]] (provincial legislatures) and [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|municipal councils]] that were independent from the national party system. In the predominantly [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] south of the Netherlands during the 1950s, the [[Catholic People's Party]] gained eighty percent of the vote in national elections, local and provincial groups of independents were organised.

During the 1980s, independent parties began to spread to other parts of the Netherlands. Some successful groups like [[Rijswijk|Independent Rijswijk]] began to move towards a national movement. A congress for this purpose held in 1989 did not result in much progress towards this goal, although independent parties were still very successful in municipal elections especially in [[Hilversum]] and [[Utrecht]].

Some of them chose the name ''Leefbaar'' ("liveable"). It became a distinct political movement. It was not a party in itself but consisted of many municipal branches. These branches had no formal ties, and often had radically different programs, sharing only their disdain for the political establishment.

In 1999, prominent media personalities [[Henk Westbroek]] and [[Jan Nagel]], chairs of the highly successful [[Leefbaar Utrecht]] and [[Leefbaar Hilversum]] parties respectively, founded Leefbaar Nederland as a spin-off from their local parties. Nagel became the party's chair. Nagel had previously been chair of the [[Omroepvereniging VARA|VARA]], a broadcaster linked to the [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]].

In 2001, the party's support and visibility began to increase. They came to be seen as an opposition movement against the [[second Kok cabinet]]. In November 2001 [[Pim Fortuyn]] was elected as the party's [[lead candidate]] and LN saw rapid growth in opinion polls. On 10 February, a few months before the election, he was discharged because of a controversial interview published in the ''[[Volkskrant]]'' newspaper. Fortuyn subsequently organised his own party, the [[Pim Fortuyn List]], taking several former LN parliamentary candidates and members with him. On 10 March the Amsterdam public prosecutor [[Fred Teeven]] was chosen as new lead candidate. In the election of May [[2002 Dutch general election|2002]], the party won only two seats in the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] while the Pim Fortuyn List polled in second place with 26 seats.

In the [[2003 Dutch general election|election of 2003]], self-help guru [[Emile Ratelband]] was put forward by the party board as their candidate for the lead candidate position. Teeven, who had gained some recognition as MP, withdrew his candidacy for the position when a motion of no confidence was not supported by the party's congress. During a tumultuous congress, the 22-year-old Haitske van der Linde, the daughter of TV personality Wubbo van der Linde and candidate of the party's youth movement J@L, was elected lead candidate. She was unable to hold on to the two seats the party held, and the party left parliament. Ratelband, who had formed his own list, was still less successful in the polls. The party tried to dissolve itself, but there were not enough members present at the congress to do that, and the party left the public spotlight. In 2006, the party announced that it would disband itself: it owed a large debt to the [[Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations|Ministry of the Interior]], who had lent them money for the 2003 election, and only a handful of paying members were left.

{{Politics of the Netherlands}}

==Name==
The term "Leefbaar" was turned into a political brand by the Leefbaar Utrecht and Hilversum parties; the founders tried to reproduce this success by taking over the name.

==Ideology and issues==
The party was a populist party, oriented towards democratising society and solving several difficult political issues pragmatically. The party saw itself as a movement against the 'old parties' and especially those cooperating in the [[second Kok cabinet]] and sought not to characterize itself on the traditional left-right political spectrum. The core principles of the party included [[direct democracy]], reliable government, downsizing state bureaucracy and law & order policies.

They had a ten-point plan which included:
* implementing [[referendum]]s
* combatting [[bureaucracy]]
* strengthening the citizen's say over their own life.
* a just [[asylum seeker]] policy

==Representation==
===House of Representatives===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
!scope="col" | Election
!scope="col" | [[Lead candidate]]
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | List
!scope="col" | Votes
!scope="col" | %
!scope="col" | Seats
!scope="col" | +/–
!scope="col" | Government
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{refh}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[2002 Dutch general election|2002]]
| align="left"| [[Fred Teeven]]
| [[List of Livable Netherlands candidates in the 1977 Dutch general election|List]]
|153,055
| 1.6
| {{Composition bar compact|2|150|hex={{party color|Livable Netherlands}}}}
| 
| {{no2|in opposition}}
| align="left"| 
|-
! scope="row" | [[2003 Dutch general election|2003]]
| align="left"| [[Haitske van der Linde]]
| [[List of Livable Netherlands candidates in the 1977 Dutch general election|List]]
| 38,894
| 0.4
| {{Composition bar compact|0|150|hex={{party color|Livable Netherlands}}}}
| {{decrease}} 2
| {{eliminated|extra-parliamentary}}
| align="left"| 
|}

The party were unable to ever obtain any European Parliament or Senate seats. Their support came mostly from independent voters, who no longer felt connected to a particular party.

===Municipal and Provincial Government===
The municipal and local Leefbaar parties were not an official part of the party. Some of these parties, most notably [[Livable Rotterdam]] were however founded around the same time hoping to gain from the same momentum. Many of these parties are represented in [[Provincial council (Netherlands)|provincial]] and [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|municipal councils]] and cooperated in several [[municipal executive]]s. They were highly successful in the 2002 municipal elections, but lost much of their support in the [[2006 Dutch municipal elections|2006 municipal elections]].

==Organisation==

===Organisational structure===
The highest organ of LN was the [[party congress|Congress]] in which every member could participate. It convened once every year. It appointed the party board and decided the order of the House of Representatives, Senate and European Parliament candidate lists and had the final say over the party program.

===Linked organisations===
The party's youth organisation was called Jong@Leefbaar.nl (Young@Livable.nl; J@L). The party published ''De Leefbaar Koerier'' (Livable Courier). The scientific institute of the party was called Foundation Scientific Bureau Livable Netherlands, which published ''De Fundering'' (The Foundation).

==International comparison==
Internationally, Leefbaar Nederland may be compared to [[Forza Italia]], a populist party centered on a prominent media personality.

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021113182120/http%3A//www.leefbaar.nl/ |title=Leefbaar Nederland site |date=2002-11-13}}

{{Defunct political parties in the Netherlands}}

[[Category:Defunct political parties in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1999]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2006]]
[[Category:Populism in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Republican parties]]
[[Category:Republicanism in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Secularism in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:2006 disestablishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Centrist parties in the Netherlands]]