View source for Soga language

{{Short description|Bantu language spoken in Uganda}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Soga
|nativename=''Lusoga''
|states=[[Uganda]]
|region=Mainly in [[Busoga]] region
|ethnicity=[[Soga people|Basoga]]
|speakers= {{sigfig|3.06|2}} million
|script=[[Latin alphabet]]
|date=2014 census
|ref=e22
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Volta-Congo]]
|fam4=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam5=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]]
|fam6=[[Southern Bantoid]]
|fam7=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam8=[[Northeast Bantu]]
|fam9=[[Great Lakes Bantu]]
|fam10=[[West Nyanza languages|West Nyanza]]
|fam11=[[North Nyanza languages|North Nyanza]]
|dia1=Gabula
|dia2=Lamogi
|dia3=Tenga
|dia4=Kenyi
|nation= Major language of [[Uganda]], official status ''unclear/pending...''
|agency=[[Lusoga Language Authority (LULA)]] (Uganda)
|lc1=xog|ld1=Soga
|lc2=lke|ld2=Kenyi
|glotto=soga1244
|glottorefname=Soga–Kenyi
|guthrie=JE.16
}}
{{Infobox ethnonym|person='''Omu'''Soga|people=[[Soga people|'''Aba'''Soga]]|language=[[Soga language|'''Olu'''Soga]]|country=[[Busoga|'''Bu'''Soga]]|Soga}}

'''Soga''', or '''Lusoga''', is a [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] language spoken by the [[Soga people]] of the [[Busoga]] region in Eastern Uganda. With over three million speakers, it is one of the major languages of Uganda, after English, [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Luganda]]. However, it is largely restricted to the Busoga region, which is mainly within the natural boundaries of [[Lake Victoria]] to the south, [[Lake Kyoga]] to the north, the [[Nile]] river to the west and the Mpologoma ('Lion') river to the east of [[Namutumba]] district. It is [[tone (linguistics)|tonal]].

==History and development==
The Soga language is very similar to the neighbouring languages [[Luganda]] and [[Gwere language|Gwere]] as all 3 descend from a common ancestor language (Proto-North Nyanza). 

The written form of Soga is only as recent as the arrival of the Arab and European traders and missionaries. It first appeared in print in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Soga is used in some primary schools in Busoga as pupils begin to learn English, an [[official language]] of [[Uganda]]. It is also taught in secondary schools and is offered as a course subject in tertiary institutions such as [[Busoga University]], [[Kyambogo University]] and [[Makerere University]].

==Dialects==
Soga has several dialects dating to the intermingling of people during the early migration period of the 17th and 18th centuries.  There were so many dialects that it was difficult to reach agreement on the correct way to spell or pronounce certain words. For instance, in the north of Busoga, there is an 'H' in many words which does not appear in dialects of southern Busoga. Thus Busoga was divided into two dialect zones. Across the northern zone, the dialects ''Lulamogi'' and ''Lupakoyo'' were spoken. ''Lupakoyo'' closely resembled [[Nyoro language|Nyoro]]. It had a close belt of [[Runyoro]] associated dialects running east from [[Bunyoro]], across the northern region of [[Buganda]], across northern Busoga and through Bugwere, which is east of Busoga. In the southern part of Busoga a dialect known as Lutenga was traditionally spoken which resembled [[Luganda]]. Related dialects were also spoken in the [[Ssese Islands]], [[Buvuma Island]] and eastern [[Buganda]].

But with the establishment of the [[Lusoga Language Authority (LULA)]], Busoga Kingdom has promoted a standardised Lusoga language. It has done research on the Lusoga language and published literature in Lusoga. Its publications can be found at the Busoga Cultural Centre Offices library located in the Nile garden in [[Jinja, Uganda]]. Others are available in bookshops throughout Busoga and in major bookstores in [[Kampala]] and other parts of the country. Some of the more accomplished Lusoga publications include a Lusoga [[Bible]], grammar books, riddles, proverbs, several story books and dictionaries e.g. Eibwanio English/Lusoga – Lusoga/English dictionary. A limited online version is available.

== Phonology ==

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
| align="center" |{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" |[[Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br>dental]]
! colspan="3" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="3" |[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>lab.</small>
!<small>pal.</small>
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>lab.</small>
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>lab.</small>
!<small>pal.</small>
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>lab.</small>
!<small>pal.</small>
!<small>plain</small>
!<small>lab.</small>
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Plosive]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPAlink|p}}
|{{IPAlink|pʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|pʲ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|t̪}}
|({{IPAlink|t̪ʷ}})
|
|{{IPAlink|t}}
|{{IPAlink|tʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|tʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|c}}
|{{IPAlink|k}}
|{{IPAlink|kʷ}}
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|
|({{IPAlink|bʲ}})
|
|
|{{IPAlink|d̪}}
|{{IPAlink|d̪ʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|d̪ʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|d}}
|{{IPAlink|dʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|dʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɟ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɡʷ}}
|
|-
!<small>prenasal vl.</small>
|{{IPAlink|ᵐp}}
|{{IPAlink|ᵐpʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|ᵐpʲ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ⁿt̪}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ⁿt}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿtʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿtʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|ᶮc}}
|{{IPAlink|ᵑk}}
|{{IPAlink|ᵑkʷ}}
|
|-
!<small>prenasal vd.</small>
|{{IPAlink|ᵐb}}
|({{IPAlink|ᵐbʷ}})
|({{IPAlink|ᵐbʲ}})
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ⁿd̪}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿd̪ʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿd̪ʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿd}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿdʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿdʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|ᶮɟ}}
|{{IPAlink|ᵑɡ}}
|{{IPAlink|ᵑɡʷ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPAlink|m}}
|{{IPAlink|mʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|mʲ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|n̪}}
|{{IPAlink|n̪ʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|n̪ʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|n}}
|{{IPAlink|nʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|nʲ}}
|
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|({{IPAlink|ŋʷ}})
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Fricative]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|f}}
|{{IPAlink|fʷ}}
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|{{IPAlink|sʷ}}
|
|({{IPAlink|ʃ}})
|
|
|{{IPAlink|h}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPAlink|β}}
|{{IPAlink|βʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|βʲ}}
|{{IPAlink|v}}
|{{IPAlink|vʷ}}
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|z}}
|{{IPAlink|zʷ}}
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ɣ}}
|
|
|-
!<small>prenasal vl.</small>
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ᶬf}}
|
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ⁿs}}
|{{IPAlink|ⁿsʷ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>prenasal vd.</small>
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ᶬv}}
|({{IPAlink|ᶬvʷ}})
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ⁿz}}
|({{IPAlink|ⁿzʷ}})
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Tap and flap consonants|Flap]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ɺ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɺʷ}}
|{{IPAlink|ɺʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Semivowel]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|{{IPAlink|j}}
| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|w}}
|
|}
Sounds in parentheses are attested, but rare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nabirye |first=Minah |title=Lusoga (Lutenga) |last2=De Schryver |first2=Gilles-Maurice |last3=Verhoeven |first3=Jo |publisher=Illustrations of the IPA |year=2016 |edition=2nd |location=Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 46 |pages=219-228}}</ref>

==Writing system==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Soga alphabet{{sfn|Wambi Gulere|2012}}
| a || b || bw || by || c
| d || dh || e || f || g
| gh || ŋ || gw || h || i
| j || gy
|-
| k || kw || ky || l || m
| mb || mp || mw || n || nd
| ndw || nf || nh || nhw || nw
| nk || nkw
|-
| o || p || th || r || s
| shy || sy || t || tw || ty
| u || v || w || y || z
| zw || zy
|}

==Basic grammar and vocabulary==
In common with other tonal [[Bantu languages]], Lusoga has a noun class system in which prefixes on nouns mark membership of one of the noun genders. Pronouns, adjectives, and verbs reflect the noun gender of the nominal they refer to. Some examples of noun classes:

===Possessive prefixes===
In the [[Bantu languages]] around the [[Lake Victoria]] region in [[Uganda]], nouns are reflected mainly by changing prefixes: [[human beings]] are indicated by the prefix ''Ba-'' (plural), and ''Mu-'' (singular), and the name of the country ''Bu-''.

*'''mu'''- person (singular), e.g. {{Lang|xog|'''mu'''soga}} 'native of Busoga land'
*'''bu'''- land, e.g. {{Lang|xog|'''Bu'''soga}} 'land of the Soga'
*'''lu'''- language, e.g. {{Lang|xog|'''Lu'''soga}} 'language of the Soga'
*'''ba'''- people, e.g. {{Lang|xog|'''Ba'''soga}} 'the Soga people'
*'''ki'''- customs or traditions, e.g. {{Lang|xog|'''ki'''soga}} describes religious tradition or culture common to the Soga people.

===Self-standing pronouns===
*{{Lang|xog|Nze}} – 'me'
*{{Lang|xog|Iwe/Imwe}} – 'you'

===Always attached to a verb===
*{{Lang|xog|N}} – 'I'
*{{Lang|xog|O}} – 'you' (singular)
*{{Lang|xog|A}} – 'he/she'
*{{Lang|xog|Tu}} – 'we/us'
*{{Lang|xog|Mu}} – 'you' (plural)
*{{Lang|xog|Ba}} – 'they'

===Demonstratives===
*{{Lang|xog|Wano}} – 'here'
*{{Lang|xog|Kino}} – 'this (thing)'
*{{Lang|xog|Ono}} – 'this (person)'
*{{Lang|xog|Oyo}} – 'that (person)'
*{{Lang|xog|Bino}} – 'these (things)'
*{{Lang|xog|Biri}} – 'those (things)'

===Interrogatives===
*{{Lang|xog|Ani}} – 'who'
*{{Lang|xog|Ki}} – 'what'
*{{Lang|xog|Lwaki}} – 'why'
*{{Lang|xog|Tya}} – 'how'

===Greetings===
Greeting in Soga is accomplished just as it is in western countries. However, it assumes a more personal nature and just as in the West, its form depends on the time of the day and the elapsed time since the last contact with the greeter.

The following dialogue illustrates the basic form to greet a peer or an elder in a respectful manner:

:'''Person A:'''
:{{Lang|xog|Wasuzotya (osiibyotya) ssebo (nnyabo)?}} – 'How did you sleep/(How was your day), sir (madam)?'
:'''Person B:'''
:{{Lang|xog|Bulungi, wasuzotya (osiibyotya) ssebo (nnyabo)?}} – 'Well, how did you sleep (how was your day), sir (madam)?'
:'''Person A:'''
:{{Lang|xog|Bulungi ssebo (nnyabo)}} – 'Well, sir (madam)'

The personal nature of the greetings ensues when the individual being greeted chooses to answer the question instead of merely responding with ''good'' or ''fine''.  It is somewhat like being asked, "how do you do?" and responding, "how do you do?" However, in Soga, the individual being greeted is free to actually delve into the fine details.

Additionally, simply drop ''sir/madam'' to achieve the same effect as in English. The above dialog only addresses greeting one person because some words change into multiple others e.g. {{Lang|xog|wasuzotya}} is the combination of a singular prefix ({{Lang|xog|wa}} – 'you'), word ({{Lang|xog|sula}} – 'sleep'), and singular postfix ({{Lang|xog|otya}} – 'how did') spoken as one with a plural form that subsequently becomes {{Lang|xog|mwasuze mutya}}, which is composed of two distinct words emerging from two different plural prefixes, a word, and the plural form of the postfix. It is sometimes impossible to not separate the plural form.

===Introductions===
*{{Lang|xog|Ninze Kateme}} – 'I am Kateme'

===Some common verbs===
When conjugating the verb, remove {{Lang|xog|oku}} and replace it with the required pronoun i.e. {{Lang|xog|n}}, {{Lang|xog|o}}, {{Lang|xog|a}}, {{Lang|xog|tu}}, {{Lang|xog|mu}}, {{Lang|xog|ba}}.

*Example:
**{{Lang|xog|okukola}} – 'to work/to do'
***{{Lang|xog|'''n'''kola}} – ''''I''' work/do'
***{{Lang|xog|'''o'''kola}} – ''''you''' work/do'
***{{Lang|xog|'''a'''kola}} – ''''he/she''' works/does'
***{{Lang|xog|'''tu'''kola}} – ''''we''' work/do'
***{{Lang|xog|'''mu'''kola}} – ''''you''' work/do' (plural)
***{{Lang|xog|'''ba'''kola}} – ''''they''' work/do'
*{{Lang|xog|okukola}} – 'to work/to do'
*{{Lang|xog|okusoma}} – 'to read/to study'
*{{Lang|xog|okunhwa}} – 'to drink'
*{{Lang|xog|okulya}} – 'to eat' (the above example does not work with all forms of all words, as some verbs are irregular e.g. the singular form here is {{Lang|xog|Ndya}})
*{{Lang|xog|okutambula}} – 'to walk'
*{{Lang|xog|okuvuga}} – 'to drive/to ride'
*{{Lang|xog|okusobola}} – 'to be able to'
*{{Lang|xog|okutwala}} – 'to carry/to take'
*{{Lang|xog|okuseka}} – 'to laugh'

===Numbers===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1–10
! 11–19
! 20–29
! 30–39
! 40–49
|-
| 1 – {{Lang|xog|ndala}}
| 11 – {{Lang|xog|ikumi na ndhala}}
| 20 – {{Lang|xog|abiri}}
| 30 – {{Lang|xog|asatu}}
| 40 – {{Lang|xog|anha}}
|-
| 2 – {{Lang|xog|ibiri}}
| 12 – {{Lang|xog|ikumi na ibiri}}
| 21 – {{Lang|xog|abiri na ndhala}}
| 31 – {{Lang|xog|asatu na ndhala}}
| 41 – {{Lang|xog|ana na ndhala}}
|-
| 3 – {{Lang|xog|isatu}}
| 13 – {{Lang|xog|ikumi na isatu}}
| 22 – {{Lang|xog|abiri na ibiri}}
|
|
|-
| 4 – {{Lang|xog|inha}}
| 14 – {{Lang|xog|ikumi na inha}}
|
|
|
|-
| 5 – {{Lang|xog|itaanu}}
| 15 – {{Lang|xog|ikumi na itaanu}}
|
|
|
|-
| 6 – {{Lang|xog|mukaaga}}
| 16 – {{Lang|xog|ikumi na mukaaga}}
|
|
|
|-
| 7 – {{Lang|xog|musanvu}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8 – {{Lang|xog|munaana}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 9 – {{Lang|xog|mwenda}}
|
|
|
|
|-
| 10 – {{Lang|xog|ikumi}}
|
|
|
|
|}

After 1 to 10 and 20, 30, 40, the other numbers build off the same pattern.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 50–99
! 100–500
! 500–900
! 1,000–5,000
! 5,000–10,000
|-
| 50 – {{Lang|xog|ataanho}}
| 100 – {{Lang|xog|kikumi}}
| 600 – {{Lang|xog|lukaaga}}
| 1,000 – {{Lang|xog|lukumi}}
| 6,000 – {{Lang|xog|kakaaga}}
|-
| 60 – {{Lang|xog|nkaaga}}
| 200 – {{Lang|xog|bibiri}}
| 700 – {{Lang|xog|lusanvu}}
| 2,000 – {{Lang|xog|nkumi ibiri}}
| 7,000 – {{Lang|xog|kasanvu}}
|-
| 70 – {{Lang|xog|nsanvu}}
| 300 – {{Lang|xog|bisatu}}
| 800 – {{Lang|xog|lunaana}}
| 3,000 – {{Lang|xog|nkuni isatu}}
| 8,000 – {{Lang|xog|kanaanha}}
|-
| 80 – {{Lang|xog|kinaanha}}
| 400 – {{Lang|xog|bina}}
| 900 – {{Lang|xog|lwenda}}
| 4,000 – {{Lang|xog|nkumi ina}}
| 9,000 –  {{Lang|xog|kenda}}
|-
| 90 – {{Lang|xog|kyenda}}
| 500 – {{Lang|xog|bitaanu}}
|
| 5,000 – {{Lang|xog|nkumi itaanu}}
| 10,000 – {{Lang|xog|mutwaalo}}
|}

===Telling the time===
Hours of darkness in Soga correspond to p.m. to include early morning hours. Essentially, the number representing the current hour simply subtracts six from the number in English. A [[Musoga]] waking up at what English speakers would call 10:15 a.m. would instead say {{Lang|xog|essawa erii ikumi na ibiri munkyo}} ('the time is 4:15 in the morning'). Time is said using the word {{Lang|xog|essaawa}}, e.g., {{Lang|xog|essaawa ndala}} – 7 o'clock.

===Food===
*{{Lang|xog|emmere}} – 'food'
*{{Lang|xog|sukaali}} – 'sugar'
*{{Lang|xog|kaawa}} – 'coffee'
*{{Lang|xog|amata}} – 'milk'
*{{Lang|xog|enkoko}} – 'chicken'
*{{Lang|xog|kajiiko}} – 'teaspoon'
*{{Lang|xog|sowaani}} – 'plate'
*{{Lang|xog|sefuliya}} – 'saucepan'
*{{Lang|xog|kyikopo}} – 'cup'

===General phrases and vocabulary===
*{{Lang|xog|ssente imeka}} – 'how much' (price)
*{{Lang|xog|ekisenge}} – '{{Not a typo|(bed)room}}'
*{{Lang|xog|meza}} – 'table'
*{{Lang|xog|enhumba}} – 'house'
*{{Lang|xog|eifumbiro}} – 'kitchen'
*{{Lang|xog|olwiigi}} – 'door'
*{{Lang|xog|entebe}} – 'chair'
*{{Lang|xog|linda!}} – 'wait!'
*{{Lang|xog|olugendo}} – 'journey, trip'
*{{Lang|xog|fuluma}} – 'get out'
*{{Lang|xog|idho}} – 'tomorrow'
*{{Lang|xog|idho}} – 'yesterday'
*{{Lang|xog|mpola}} – 'slow'
*{{Lang|xog|mangu}} – 'quick'
*{{Lang|xog|mwami}} – 'mister'
*{{Lang|xog|mukyala}} – 'miss'
*{{Lang|xog|mukwano gwange!}} – 'my friend!'
*{{Lang|xog|banange!/mikwano jange!}} – 'my friends!' (commonly used as an exclamation)
*{{Lang|xog|wansi/ghansi}} – 'under'
*{{Lang|xog|songa}} – 'paternal aunt'
*{{Lang|xog|omuntu}} – 'person'
*{{Lang|xog|omusaadha}} – 'man'
*{{Lang|xog|omukazi}} – 'woman'
*{{Lang|xog|omwaana}} – 'child'
*{{Lang|xog|omuzungu}} – 'white man/person'
*{{Lang|xog|mukoirime}} – 'in-law'
*{{Lang|xog|eitaala}} – 'lamp'
*{{Lang|xog|omwezi}} – 'moon, month'

==Kodheyo==
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Kodheyo
| motto = Busoga etebenkere
| type = Weekly newspaper
| publisher = Kodheyo Publications
| chiefeditor = Cornelius Wambi Gulere
| foundation = 1997
| language = Lusoga
| ceased publication = 1998
}}
'''Kodheyo''' was a Soga news publication in Uganda that was in print between 1997 and 1998. Kodheyo was founded by Cornelius Wambi Gulere who was also its editor-in-chief and mainly reported on happenings in the [[Busoga sub-region]]. Published under Kodheyo Publications Limited, the paper folded in 1997.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gulere |first=Cornelius W. |date=1996 |title=Proverbs and Peace |url=https://www.academia.edu/15540576 |journal=Academia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Schryver |first1=Gilles-Maurice |last2=Nabirye |first2=Minah |date=2018 |title=Corpus-driven Bantu Lexicography Part 1: Organic Corpus Building for Lusoga |url=http://lexikos.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/1457 |journal=Lexikos |volume=28 |issue=1 |doi=10.5788/28-1-1457 |via=}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Ugandan monarchies|Ugandan monarchies]] – Uganda's other kingdoms
* [[Lusoga Language Authority]] – organization promoting the use of the Lusoga language

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Fallers, Margaret Chave (1960) ''The Eastern Lacustrine Bantu ([[Baganda|Ganda]] and [[Busoga|Soga]])''. Ethnographic survey of Africa: East central Africa, Vol 11. London: [[International African Institute]].
* Van der Wal, Jenneke (2004) ''Lusoga Phonology''. MA Thesis, [[Leiden University]].
* Cohen, David William (1970). ''A survey of interlacustrine chronology''. ''The Journal of African History'', 1970, 11, 2, 177–202.
* Cohen, David William (1986). ''Towards a reconstructed past : Historical texts from [[Busoga]], [[Uganda]]''. Fontes historiae africanae. [[Oxford University|Oxford]]: Oxford University Press.
* [[Lloyd Fallers|Fallers, Lloyd A.]] (1965)  ''Bantu Bureaucracy – A Century of Political evolution among the Basoga of Uganda''. [[Phoenix Books]], The [[University of Chicago]].

==External links==
* [http://www.busoga.com/lusoga.php Busoga Kingdom Online – Lusoga] An online summary of the Lusoga language by the Busoga Kingdom Online
* {{cite JIPA |author= Nabirye, de Schryver & Verhoeven |title= Lusoga (Lutenga) |printdate= 2016 |volume= 42 |issue= 2 |pages= 219-228 |doi= 10.1017/S0025100315000249 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061108085817/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Soga/ Lusoga – English Dictionary] Online Lusoga – English Dictionary by Webster's
*[http://www.fountainpublishers.co.ug/ Eibwanio]: Lusoga-English Dictionary

* [https://mak.academia.edu/CorneliusGulere Downloadable Lusoga language and literature resources] by Cornelius Wambi Gulere

{{Languages of Uganda}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Languages of Uganda]]
[[Category:Nyoro-Ganda languages]]