View source for Yorkshire dialect

{{Short description|Dialects of English spoken in Yorkshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Yorkshire dialect
| altname          = 
| nativename       = 
| acceptance       = 
| state            = [[England]]
| region           = [[Yorkshire]]
| creator          = 
| created          = 
| setting          = 
| coordinates      = {{coord|54|N|2|W|display=title,inline}}
| ethnicity        = Yorkshire British; various
| extinct          = 
| era              = 
| revived          = 
| revived-category = <!-- or revived-cat -->
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3             = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
| fam4             = [[Ingvaeonic languages|Ingvaeonic]]
| fam5             = [[Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian]]
| fam6             = [[Anglic languages|Anglic]]
| fam7             = [[English language|English]]
| fam8             = [[British English]]
| ancestor         = [[Old English]]
| ancestor2        = [[Middle English]] (Northern Middle English (North and East Riding), East Midlands Middle English (West Riding dialect))
| dialects         = Traditionally divided between the West Riding, the North Riding, and East Riding dialects. 
Different varieties exist within the various [[dialects]] of Yorkshire, shaped by geography & culture.
| map              = Yorkshire UK 1851 locator map.svg
| mapsize          = 
| mapalt           = 
| mapcaption       = Location of Yorkshire within England
| module           = 
| notice           = IPA
| isoexception     = dialect
}}
{{listen|filename=Damien hirst bbc radio4 desert island discs 13 05 2013 b01sd0hy.flac|title=Speech example|description=An example of a male speaker from [[Leeds]] ([[Damien Hirst]]).}}
{{listen|filename=David hockney front row b01460l8.flac|title=Speech example|description=An example of a male speaker from [[Bradford]] ([[David Hockney]]).}}
{{listen|filename=Lord Prescott BBC Radio4 Desert Island Discs 19 Feb 2012 b01c6trm.flac||title=Speech example|description=An example of a male speaker from modern-day [[South Yorkshire]] (Lord [[John Prescott]]).}}

'''Yorkshire dialect''', also known as '''Yorkshire English''', '''Broad Yorkshire''', '''Tyke''', or '''Yorkie''', is a grouping of several regionally neighbouring [[Dialect|dialects]] of [[English language|English]] spoken in [[Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/voices2005/pete_2.shtml |title=Tyke: It's all the Vikings' fault (sort of) |access-date=16 April 2008 |last=Keane |first=Peter |publisher=[[BBC]] |work=BBC Bradford and West Yorkshire |archive-date=27 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327015740/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/voices2005/pete_2.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Yorkshire experienced drastic [[dialect levelling]] in the 20th century, eroding many traditional features, though [[Variation (linguistics)|variation]] and even [[Conservative and innovative language|innovations]] persist, at both the regional and sub-regional levels.<ref>Haigh, Sarah (2015). "Investigating Regional Speech in Yorkshire: Evidence from the Millennium Memory Bank" Doctoral dissertation. University of Sheffield, 159, 171.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.3389/frai.2020.00048 | doi-access=free | title=General Northern English. Exploring Regional Variation in the North of England with Machine Learning | date=2020 | last1=Strycharczuk | first1=Patrycja | last2=López-Ibáñez | first2=Manuel | last3=Brown | first3=Georgina | last4=Leemann | first4=Adrian | journal=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence | volume=3 | page=48 | pmid=33733165 | pmc=7861339 }}</ref> Organisations such as the Yorkshire Dialect Society and the East Riding Dialect Society exist to promote the survival of the more traditional features.<ref>Beal, Joan (2010). "Shifting Borders and Shifting Regional Identities". ''Language and Identities''. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 220. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748635788-023.</ref>

The dialects have been represented in classic works of literature such as ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'', ''[[Nicholas Nickleby]]'' and ''[[The Secret Garden]]'', and linguists have documented variations of the dialects since the 19th century. In the mid-20th century, the [[Survey of English Dialects]] collected dozens of recordings of authentic Yorkshire dialects.

== Early history and written accounts ==
Based on fragments of early studies on the dialect, there seem to have been few distinctions across large areas: in the early 14th century, the traditional [[Northumbria]]n dialect of Yorkshire showed few differences compared to the dialect spoken in [[Aberdeen]], now often considered a separate [[Scots language]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Warrack|first=Alexander|url=https://archive.org/details/scotsdialectdict0000warr/page/n7/mode/2up?q=doncaster|title=The Scots dialect dictionary|publisher=New Lanark, Scotland : Waverley Books|year=2000|page=5|isbn=9781902407098 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Skeat|first=Walter|url=https://archive.org/details/englishdialectsf00skeauoft/page/34/mode/2up?q=doncaster|title=English dialects from the eighth century to the present day|date=1911|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=34|access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref> The dialect has been widely studied since the 19th century, including an early work by [[William Stott Banks]] in 1865 on the dialect of [[Wakefield]],<ref>Banks, William Stott (1865), ''A List of Provincial Words in Use at Wakefield in Yorkshire'', WR Hall (Wakefield)</ref> and another by [[Joseph Wright (linguist)|Joseph Wright]] who used an early form of phonetic notation in a description of the dialect of [[Windhill and Wrose|Windhill]], near [[Bradford]].<ref>Wright, Joseph (1892), ''A Grammar of the Dialect of Windhill'', Truebner & Co, London</ref> Significant works that covered all of England include [[Alexander John Ellis]]'s 1899 book [[On Early English Pronunciation, Part V]], and the [[English Dialect Dictionary]], which was published in six volumes between 1898 and 1905.

[[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[Nicholas Nickleby]]'' (1839) and [[Emily Brontë]]'s ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'' (1847) are notable 19th century works of literature which include examples of contemporary Yorkshire dialects. The following is an excerpt of Brontë's use of contemporary West Riding dialect from Haworth in ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'', with a translation to standard English below:<blockquote>''<nowiki/>'Aw wonder how yah can faishion to stand thear i' idleness un war, when all on 'ems goan out! Bud yah're a nowt, and it's no use talking—yah'll niver mend o'yer ill ways, but goa raight to t' divil, like yer mother afore ye!'<nowiki/>''{{paragraph break}}''<nowiki/>'I wonder how you can dare to stand there in idleness and worse, when all of them have gone out! But you're a nobody, and it's no use talking—you'll never mend your evil ways, but go straight to the Devil, like your mother before you!'''</blockquote>

== Geographic distribution ==
Yorkshire covers a large area, and the dialect is not the same in all areas. In fact, the dialects of the North and East Ridings are fairly different from that of the West Riding, as they display only Northumbrian characteristics rather than the mixture of Northumbrian & Mercian features found in the West Riding.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yorkshire Dialect Society |title=Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society |date=1992 |edition=Volume 18, Part 92}}</ref> The Yorkshire Dialect Society draws a border roughly at the [[River Wharfe]] between two main zones. The area southwest of the river has been influenced by Mercian, originating from the [[East Midlands English|East Midlands dialects]] during the industrial revolution, whilst that to the northeast, like [[Geordie]], the [[Cumbrian dialect]] and the [[Scots language]], is descended more purely from the [[Northumbrian (Old English)|Northumbrian]] dialect. The distinction was first made by [[Alexander John Ellis|A.&nbsp;J. Ellis]] in ''On Early English Pronunciation''.<ref group="notes">Ellis also identified a third area around Craven, Ribblesdale, upper Wensleydale and Swaledale as part of his "West Northern" area (numbered Area 31), alongside almost all of Cumbria as well as north Lancashire and south Durham. In the tradition of the Yorkshire Dialect Society, this area is usually grouped with the North Riding dialect.</ref> The division was approved of by [[Joseph Wright (linguist)|Joseph Wright]], the founder of the Yorkshire Dialect Society and the author of the ''[[English Dialect Dictionary]]''. Investigations at village level by the dialect analysts Stead (1906), Sheard (1945) and Rohrer (1950) mapped a border between the two areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiredialect.com/Border%20text.htm|title=The Yorkshire Dialect Border|access-date=17 May 2012|archive-date=26 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226165051/http://www.yorkshiredialect.com/Border%20text.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A rough border between the two areas was mapped by the Swiss linguist Fritz Rohrer, having undertaken village-based research in areas indicated by previous statements by Richard Stead and J.A. Sheard, although there were "buffer areas" in which a mixed dialect was used, such as a large area between [[Leeds]] and [[Ripon]], and also at [[Whitgift, East Riding of Yorkshire|Whitgift]], near [[Goole]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rohrer|first=Fritz|year=1950|title=The border between the northern and north-midland dialects in Yorkshire|journal=Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society|volume=VIII|issue=I}}</ref>

One report explains the geographic difference in detail:<ref name="Yorkshire dialect an explanation">{{cite web |title=Yorkshire dialect - an explanation |url=https://www.yorkshiredialectsociety.org.uk/yorkshire-dialect-explanation/ |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dialect Society |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184536/https://www.yorkshiredialectsociety.org.uk/yorkshire-dialect-explanation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><blockquote>This distinction was first recognised formally at the turn of the 19th / 20th centuries, when linguists drew an isophone diagonally across the county from the northwest to the southeast, separating these two broadly distinguishable ways of speaking. It can be extended westwards through Lancashire to the estuary of the River Lune, and is sometimes called the [[Humber-Lune Line]]. Strictly speaking, the dialects spoken south and west of this isophone are Midland dialects, whereas the dialects spoken north and east of it are truly Northern. It is likely that the Midland influence came up into the region with people migrating towards the manufacturing districts of the West Riding during the Industrial Revolution.</blockquote>

Over time, speech has become closer to [[Standard English]] and some of the features that once distinguished one town from another have disappeared. In 1945, J. A. Sheard predicted that various influences "will probably result in the production of a standard West Riding dialect", and [[K. M. Petyt]] found in 1985 that "such a situation is at least very nearly in existence".{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=327}}

== Authentic recordings ==
The [[Survey of English Dialects]] in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s recorded over 30 examples of authentic Yorkshire dialects which can be heard online via the [[British Library Sound Archive]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Survey of English Dialects - Accents and dialects {{!}} British Library - Sounds|url=https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects|access-date=14 May 2021|website=sounds.bl.uk|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514110618/https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects|url-status=live}}</ref> Below is a selection of recordings from this archive:

* Miss Madge Dibnah (b.1890) of [[Welwick]], [[East Riding of Yorkshire|East Yorkshire]], "female housekeeper".<ref>{{cite web|title=Welwick, Yorkshire - Survey of English Dialects - Accents and dialects {{!}} British Library - Sounds|url=https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0047XX-0400V1|access-date=13 May 2021|website=sounds.bl.uk|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411150038/https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0047XX-0400V1|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the Library, "much of her speech remains part of the local dialect to this day".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Mary |last2=Gilbert |first2=Holly |date=11 September 2020 |title=Science and Technology |url=https://www.bl.uk/if-homes-had-ears/articles/technology-and-gender |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=British Library |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212121/https://www.bl.uk/if-homes-had-ears/articles/technology-and-gender |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |orig-date=1995 (Date of recording) |title=Yorkshire dialect: Miss Dibnah explains the different methods for baking white bread, brown bread and spice bread |url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/yorkshire-dialect-miss-dibnah-methods-for-baking |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=British Library |type=Audio recording |archive-date=9 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209174951/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/yorkshire-dialect-miss-dibnah-methods-for-baking |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Cooper Peacock (b.1887) of [[Muker]], [[North Yorkshire]], farmer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Muker, Yorkshire - Survey of English Dialects - Accents and dialects {{!}} British Library - Sounds|url=https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0046XX-0500V1|access-date=14 May 2021|website=sounds.bl.uk|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515114803/https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0046XX-0500V1|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Unidentified of [[Golcar]], [[West Yorkshire]], mill worker.<ref>{{cite web|title=Golcar, Yorkshire - Survey of English Dialects - Accents and dialects {{!}} British Library - Sounds|url=https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0010XX-0100V1|access-date=14 May 2021|website=sounds.bl.uk|archive-date=8 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708203420/https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0010XX-0100V1|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mrs Hesselden (b.1882) of [[Pateley Bridge]] North Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pateley Bridge, Yorkshire - Survey of English Dialects - Accents and dialects {{!}} British Library - Sounds|url=https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0046XX-0900V1|access-date=14 May 2021|website=sounds.bl.uk|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514103630/https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0046XX-0900V1|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Ronald Easton (b.1895) of [[Skelton, York|Skelton]], North Yorkshire, farmer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Skelton, Yorkshire - Survey of English Dialects - Accents and dialects {{!}} British Library - Sounds|url=https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0046XX-0200V1|access-date=14 May 2021|website=sounds.bl.uk|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514103615/https://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects/Survey-of-English-dialects/021M-C0908X0046XX-0200V1|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Pronunciation ==
Some features of Yorkshire pronunciation are general features of northern English accents. Many of them are listed in the [[English English#Northern England|northern English accents]] section on the [[English English]] page.

=== Vowels ===
[[File:North West Yorkshire English vowel chart.svg|thumb|250px|Vowels of North West Yorkshire English on a vowel chart, from {{Harvcoltxt|Wilhelm|2018|p=6}}. The vowel space is compressed downwards, with {{sc2|FACE}}, {{sc2|GOAT}}, {{sc2|SQUARE}} and {{sc2|THOUGHT}} being given a monophthongal, significantly more open realization {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|e̞ː}}, {{IPAplink|o̞|ö̞ː}}, {{IPAplink|ɛ̞ː}}, {{IPAplink|ɒ|ɒ̝ː}}]}} than in RP and Scottish English. Conversely, {{sc2|FLEECE}} and {{sc2|GOOSE}} are realized as wide, Cockney-like diphthongs {{IPA|[əɪ, əʉ]}}.{{sfnp|Wilhelm|2018|pp=4–6}}]]
* Words such as ''strut, cut, blood, lunch'' usually take {{IPAblink|ʊ}}, although {{IPAblink|ə}} is a middle-class variant.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|pp=74, 76}}
* Most words affected by the [[trap-bath split]] of South East England – the distinction between the sounds {{IPA|[a]}} and {{IPA|[ɑː]}} – are not affected in Yorkshire. The long {{IPA|[ɑː]}} of southern English is widely disliked in the "bath"-type words.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=286}} However, words such as ''palm, can't, spa'' are pronounced with a long vowel, usually more fronted {{IPA|[aː]}}.
* In parts of the West Riding, ''none, one, once, nothing, tongue, among(st)'' are pronounced with {{IPAblink|ɒ}} rather than {{IPAblink|ʊ}}{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=74}} A [[shibboleth]] for a traditional Huddersfield accent is the word ''love'' as {{IPA|[lɒv]}}, pronounced with the same vowel as "lot".{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=94, 201}}
* Words such as ''late, face, say, game'' are pronounced with a [[monophthong]] {{IPAblink|eː}} or {{IPAblink|ɛː}}. However, words with <gh> in the spelling (e.g. straight, weight), as well as exclamations and interjections such as ''hey'' and ''eh'' (the tag question), are usually pronounced with a [[diphthong]] {{IPA|[ɛɪ]}}. Some words with ''ake'' at the end may be pronounced with {{IPAblink|ɛ}}, as in take to ''tek'', make to ''mek'' and sake to ''sek'' (but not for ''bake'' or ''cake'').{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=74}}{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|p=146}}
* Words with the vowel {{IPA|/əʊ/}} in [[Received Pronunciation]], as in ''goat'', may have a monophthong {{IPAblink|oː}} or {{IPAblink|ɔː}}.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=74}} In a recent trend, a fronted monophthong {{IPAblink|ɵː}} is common amongst young women, although this has been the norm for a long time in Hull (where it originates).{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|p=146}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/recordings/individual/leeds-university-arif-ayeshah.shtml|title=BBC – Voices – The Voices Recordings<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=25 December 2019|archive-date=13 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113201926/http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/recordings/individual/leeds-university-arif-ayeshah.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|p=143}} It has developed only since 1990, yet it has now spread to [[Bradford]].{{sfnp|Watt|Tillotson|2001}} historically there was a four-way split whereby a diphthong {{IPA|[ɔʊ]}} (west riding) or {{IPA|[au]}} (north and east ridings) exists in words subject to vocalisation in middle English (e.g. ''grow, glow, bow, bowt, fowk, nowt, owt'' for ''grow, glow, bow, bought, folk, nought, ought'' respectively").{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=124–132}} The Os in some words are pronounced as {{IPA|[ɒ]}}, such as ''oppen'', ''brokken'', ''wokken'' for ''open, broken, woken''. Other words spelled ow were pronounced with an aw sound {{IPA|[ɒː]}} such as ''knaw, snaw, blaw'' for ''know, snow, blow'', from old English āw. An {{IPA|[ɒɪ]}} (west riding) or {{IPA|[ʊə]}} (north and east ridings) sound was found in words that were subject to lengthening of Old English [o] in middle English such as ''coil, hoil'' in the West Riding and ''cooal, hooal'' in the North and East Ridings for ''coal, hole'' . Another was {{IPA|[ʊə]}} (west riding) or {{IPA|[ja~ɪə~eː]}} (north and east ridings) that originated from old English ā (e.g. West Riding ''booan, hooam, booath, looaf, mooast'' and North and East Riding ''beean, yam, baith, leeaf, maist'' for ''bone, home, both, loaf, most''). This four-way split was found throughout all of northern England and contrasted with the historic two-way split found in the south and midlands.
Due to dialect levelling, however, these sounds were merged into the modern monophthong {{IPA|[oː]}}, {{IPA|[ɔː]}} and {{IPA|[ɵː]}} (east riding) by the 1950s.
* If a close vowel precedes {{IPA|/l/}}, a [[schwa]] may be inserted. This gives {{IPA|[iəl]}} for {{IPA|/iːl/}} and (less frequently) {{IPA|[uəl]}} for {{IPA|/uːl/}}.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=217–218}}
* When {{IPA|/ɛ/}} precedes {{IPA|/r/}} in a stressed syllable, {{IPA|/ɛ/}} can become {{IPAblink|ə}}. For example, ''very'' can be pronounced {{IPA|[vəɹɪ]}}.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=218}}
* In Hull, Middlesbrough and the east coast, the sound in ''word'', ''heard'', ''nurse'', etc. is pronounced in the same way as in ''square, dare''. This is {{IPA|[ɛː]}}.{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|pp=143, 146}}<ref>''Handbook of Varieties of English'', p. 125, Walter de Gruyter, 2004</ref> The set of words with {{IPA|/ɪə/}}, such as ''near, fear, beard,'' etc., may have a similar pronunciation but remains distinctive as {{IPA|[iɛ]}}.{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|p=147}}
** In other parts of Yorkshire, this sound is a short {{IPA|[ə]}} or long {{IPA|[ɜː]}}. This seems to have developed as an intermediate form between the older form {{IPA|[ɒ~ʊ]}} (now very rare in these words) and the RP pronunciation {{IPA|[əː]}}.<ref>{{cite journal
 | last = Tidholm
 | first = Hans
 | title = The Dialect of Egton in North Yorkshire
 | journal = Language
 | volume = 59
 | issue = 2
 | jstor = 413603
 |pages=49–50| year = 1983
 }}</ref> 
* In Hull, Middlesbrough and much of the East Riding, the phoneme {{IPA|/aɪ/}} (as in ''prize'') may become a monophthong {{IPA|[aː]}} before a voiced consonant. For example, ''five'' becomes {{IPA|[faːv]}} (fahv), ''prize'' becomes {{IPA|[pʰɹaːz]}} ({{notatypo|prahz}}). This does not occur before voiceless consonants, so "price" is {{IPA|[pʰɹaɪs]}}.{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|pp=146, 156–159}}
* In the south of the west riding, Middle English /uː/ is traditionally realised as a monophthong {{IPA|[aː]}} or in the Holme Valley as a diphthong [ɛə] as in ''daan'', ''abaat'', ''naa'', ''haa'', and aa''t'' for ''down, about, now, how'' and ''out''
** The traditional pronunciation of these words is {{IPA|[u:]}} in the east riding and the eastern part of the north riding; in the western half of the north riding and northern west riding it is {{IPA|[əu]}} as in ''doon, aboot, noo, hoo, oot''.These are now far less common than the RP {{IPA|[aʊ]}} found throughout Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite journal
 | last = Tidholm
 | first = Hans
 | title = The Dialect of Egton in North Yorkshire
 | journal = Language
 | volume = 59
 | issue = 2
 | jstor = 413603
 |pages=98–99| year = 1983
 }}</ref> 
* Words like ''city'' and ''many'' are pronounced with a final {{IPA|[ɛ~e]}} in the Sheffield area.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=74}}
* What would be a [[schwa]] on the end of a word in other accents is realised as {{IPAblink|ɛ}} in Hull and Middlesbrough.{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|pp=143, 146}}
* A prefix to a word is more likely not to take a reduced vowel sound in comparison to the same prefix's vowel sound in other accents. For example, ''concern'' is {{IPA|[kʰɒnˈsɜːn]}} or {{IPA|[kʰɒnˈsɛːn]}} rather than {{IPA|[kʰənˈsɜːn]}}, and ''admit'' is {{IPA|[adˈmɪt]}} rather than {{IPA|[ədˈmɪt]}}.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jack Windsor|last=Lewis|url=http://www.yek.me.uk/centnthpn.html|title=The General Central-Northern, Non-Dialectal Pronunciation of England|at=points 4–13|access-date=6 June 2014|archive-date=19 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819151223/http://www.yek.me.uk/centnthpn.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In some areas of the Yorkshire Dales (e.g. [[Dent, South Lakeland|Dent]], [[Sedbergh]]), the FLEECE vowel can be {{IPA|eɪ}} so that ''me'' is {{IPA|[meɪ]}} and ''green'' is {{IPA|[greɪn]}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://centre-for-english-traditional-heritage.org/TraditionToday6/TT6_Petyt_Dialects.pdf|title=A survey of dialect studies in the area of the Sedbergh & District History Society|last=Petyt|first=K.&nbsp;M.|access-date=17 October 2020|date=2014|page=14|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020070135/http://centre-for-english-traditional-heritage.org/TraditionToday6/TT6_Petyt_Dialects.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The following features are recessive or even extinct; generally, they are less common amongst younger than older speakers in modern Yorkshire:
* Words originating from old English ō (e.g. ''goose, root, cool, roof, hoof'') historically had an {{IPA|[ʊɪ]}} sound in the West Riding word-medially (''ɡooise, rooit, cooil, rooif, hooif'') as well as an {{IPA|[jʊ~ɪə]}} sound in the North and East Ridings (''ɡeease, reeat, keeal, reeaf, yuf''). Today a more RP-like pronunciation {{IPA|[ʊu]}} is found in all Yorkshire accents.
* Traditionally in the West Riding, in word final environments and before [k], ''ō'' is realised as the vowel {{IPA|[ʊu]}} in words such as ''book'', ''cook'', and ''look'', this also occurred in the east and north ridings, where it was realised before [k] as an {{IPA|/iu/}} and as {{IPA|/iː/}} in word final environments.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=168–172}} 
* Traditionally words such as "swear", "there", "wear" take the diphthong {{IPA|[iə]}}, often written ''sweer, theer, weer'' in dialect writing. This sound may also be used in words originating from Old English ēa, commonly spelt ''ea'' in standard english spelling: for example, ''head'' as {{IPA|[iəd]}} (''heead''), ''red'' as {{IPA|[riəd]}} (''reead'') ''leaves'' as {{IPA|[liəvz]}} (''leeavs'').{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=74}}
* {{IPA|[eɪ]}} may take the place of {{IPA|/iː/}}, especially in the West Riding in words such as ''key, meat, speak'', with the second two often written ''meyt, speyk'' in dialect writing.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=74}}{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|p=146}}
* Words such as ''door, floor, four, board'' may take on a variety of diphthongal pronunciations, {{IPA|[uə, oə, ɔə, ʊə]}}. This is a consequence of an incomplete [[horse–hoarse merger]]. {{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=75}}{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=132–137}}
* Words which once had a [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] in [[Old English|Old]] and [[Middle English]] or a vocalised consonant may have {{IPA|[oʊ~ɔʊ]}} for {{IPA|/ɔː/}} (e.g. ''browt, thowt, nowt, owt, grow, gowd, bowt'' for ''brought, thought, nought, ought, grow, gold, bolt'').{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=74}}
* Words that end ''-ight'' join the FLEECE lexical set. Today they can still be heard in their dialectal forms. For example, ''neet'' {{IPA|[niːt]}} and ''reet'' {{IPA|[ɹiːt]}}.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=75}} This can also be heard in [[Nova Scotia]], [[Geordie]] and the [[Lancashire dialect]].

=== Consonants ===
* In some areas, an originally voiced consonant followed by a voiceless one can be pronounced as voiceless. For example, ''Bradford'' may be pronounced as if it were ''Bratford'', with {{IPA|[t]}} (although more likely with a [[glottal stop]], {{IPA|[ʔ]}}) instead of the {{IPA|[d]}} employed in most English accents. ''Absolute'' is often pronounced as if it were ''apsolute'', with a {{IPA|[p]}} in place of the {{IPA|[b]}}.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=205}}
* As with most dialects of English, final {{IPA|[ŋ]}} sound in, for example, ''hearing'' and ''eating'' are often reduced to {{IPA|[n]}}. However, {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}} can be heard in Sheffield.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=76}}<ref>See section on "Conservative Northernisms" in [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/yorksdial-uni.htm Our Changing Pronunciation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007035500/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/yorksdial-uni.htm |date=7 October 2014 }} by [[John C. Wells]]</ref>
* [[H-dropping]] is common in informal speech, especially amongst the working classes.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=76}}
* Omission of final stops {{IPA|/d, t/}} and fricatives {{IPA|/f, θ, ð/}}, especially in function words.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=76}} As in other dialects, ''with'' can be reduced to ''wi'', especially before consonants.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=146–147}} ''Was'' is also often reduced to ''wa'' (pronounced roughly as "woh"), even when not in contracted negative form (see table below).
* A glottal stop may also be used to replace {{IPA|/k/}} (e.g. ''like'' becomes {{IPA|[laɪʔ]}}) at the end of a syllable.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=147}}
* In the Middlesbrough area, [[Glottalization#Glottal reinforcement|glottal reinforcement]] occurs for {{IPA|/k, p, t/}}.<ref name = "Beal">Joan C. Beal, ''An Introduction to Regional Englishes'', Edinburgh University Press, 2010, pp. 95–99</ref>
* In some areas, an [[alveolar tap]] {{IPA|[ɾ]}} (a 'tapped r') is used after a [[labial consonant|labial]] (''pray, bright, frog''), after a [[Dental consonant|dental]] (''three''), and [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocalically]] (''very, sorry, pair of shoe''s).{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=368}}

Some consonant changes amongst the younger generation are typical of younger speakers across England, but are not part of the traditional dialect:{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|p=159}}
* [[Th-fronting]] so that {{IPA|[f, v]}} for {{IPA|/θ, ð/}} (although Joseph Wright noted th-fronting in the [[Windhill and Wrose|Windhill]] area in 1892).<ref>{{cite book |last=Wright |first=Joseph |title=A Grammar of the Dialect of Windhill |url=https://archive.org/stream/grammarofdialect00wrigrich#page/n3/mode/2up |year=1892 |publisher=Trübner & Co. |location=London |page=91}}</ref>
* [[T-glottalisation]]: a more traditional pronunciation is to realise {{IPA|/t/}} as {{IPA|[r]}} in certain phrases, which leads to pronunciation spellings such as ''gerroff''.
* [[R-labialization]]: Possible {{IPAblink|ʋ}} for {{IPA|/r/}}.

The following are typical of the older generation:
* In Sheffield, cases of initial "th" {{IPA|/ð/}} become {{IPA|[d]}}. This pronunciation has led to Sheffielders being given the nickname "dee dahs" (the local forms of "thee" and "thou"/"tha").{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=79}}
* {{IPA|/ɡ, k/}} realised as {{IPA|[d, t]}} before {{IPA|/l/}}. For example, ''clumsy'' becomes {{IPA|[tlʊmzɛ]}}.{{sfnp|Stoddart|Upton|Widdowson|1999|p=76}}{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=216–217}}

====Rhoticity====
At the time of the Survey of English Dialects, most places in Yorkshire were non-rhotic, but full [[Rhoticity in English|rhoticity]] could be found in Swaledale, Lonsdale, Ribblesdale, and the rural area west of Halifax and Huddersfield.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=368}} In addition, the area along the east coast of Yorkshire retained rhoticity when {{IPA|/r/}} was in final position though not when it was in preconsonantal position (e.g. ''farmer'' {{IPA|[ˈfaːmɚ]}}).{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=368}} A 1981 MA study found that rhoticity persisted in the towns of [[Hebden Bridge]], [[Lumbutts]], and [[Todmorden]] in Upper [[Calderdale]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Patchett|first=J.&nbsp;H.|title=The Dialect of Upper Calderdale|journal=Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society|volume=XV|issue=LXXXI|year=1981|pages=24–37}}</ref>

Rhoticity seems to have been more widespread in Yorkshire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries: for example, the city of Wakefield was marked as rhotic in the works of A.&nbsp;J. Ellis, and the recording of a prisoner of war from Wakefield in the [[Berliner Lautarchiv]] displays rhotic speech, but the speech of Wakefield nowadays is firmly non-rhotic.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Aveyard|first=Edward|title=Berliner Lautarchiv: the Wakefield Sample|journal=Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society|year=2019|pages=1–5}}</ref>

=== Further information ===

These features can be found in the English Accents and Dialects collection on the [[British Library]] website. This website features samples of Yorkshire (and elsewhere in England) speech in ''wma'' format, with annotations on phonology with [[X-SAMPA]] phonetic transcriptions, lexis and grammar.

See also {{harvp|Wells|1982|loc=section 4.4.}}

== Vocabulary and grammar ==
A list of non-standard grammatical features of Yorkshire speech is given below. In formal settings, these features are castigated and, as a result, their use is recessive. They are most common among older speakers and among the working class.

* [[Definite article reduction]]: shortening of ''the'' to a form without a vowel, often written t'. See this overview and a more detailed page on the Yorkshire Dialect website, and also {{Harvcoltxt|Jones|2002}}. This is most likely to be a glottal stop {{IPA|[ʔ]}}, although traditionally it was {{IPA|[t]}} or (in the areas that border Lancashire) {{IPA|[θ]}}.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=196–198}}
* Some dialect words persist, although most have fallen out of use. The use of ''owt'' and ''nowt'', derived from Old English ''a wiht'' and ''ne wiht'', mean ''anything'' and ''nothing'', as well as ''summat'' to mean ''something''. They are pronounced {{IPA|[aʊt]}} and {{IPA|[naʊt]}} in North Yorkshire, but as {{IPA|[ɔʊt]}} and {{IPA|[nɔʊt]}} in most of the rest of Yorkshire. Other examples of dialect still in use include ''flayed'' (sometimes ''{{notatypo|flayt}}'') (scared), ''laik'' (play), ''roar'' (cry), ''aye'' (yes), ''nay'' (emphatic "no"), ''and all'' (also), ''anyroad'' (anyway) and ''afore'' (before).{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=239–240}}
* When making a comparison such as ''greater than'' or ''lesser than'', the word "nor" can be used in place of "than", e.g. ''better nor him''.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=202–203}}
* Nouns describing units of value, weight, distance, height and sometimes volumes of liquid have no plural marker. For example, ''ten pounds'' becomes ''ten pound''; ''five miles'' becomes ''five mile''.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=191–193}}
* The word ''us'' is often used in place of ''me'' or in the place of ''our'' (e.g. we should put us names on us property).{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=190–191, 233}} ''Us'' is invariably pronounced with a final {{IPA|[z]}} rather than an {{IPA|[s]}}.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=205}}
* Use of the singular second-person pronoun ''thou'' (often written ''tha'') and ''thee''. This is a T form in the [[T–V distinction]], and is largely confined to male speakers.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=373–379}}
* ''Were'' can be used in place of ''was'' when connected to a singular pronoun.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=193–194}} The reverse – i.e. producing constructions such as ''we was'' and ''you was'' – is also heard in a few parts of Yorkshire (e.g. Doncaster).{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} This is also common in Rotherham, South Yorkshire. Pronouncing 'hospital' as 'hospickle' and 'little' as 'lickle' is also common in Rotherham, as is shop workers and bus drivers greeting both males and females as 'love' or 'duck'.
* ''While'' is often used in the sense of ''until'' (e.g. ''Unless we go at a fair lick, we'll not be home while seven.''). ''Stay here while it shuts'' might cause a non-local to think that they should stay there ''during'' its shutting, when the order really indicates that they should stay only ''until'' it shuts.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=236}} Joseph Wright wrote in the [[English Dialect Dictionary]] that this came from a shortening of the older word ''while-ever''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wright |first=Joseph |date=1905 |title=English Dialect Dictionary Volume 6: T-Z |url=https://archive.org/stream/englishdialectdi06wrig#page/458/mode/2up |page=458 |location=London |publisher=Henry Frowde}}</ref>
* The word ''self'' may become ''sen'', e.g. ''yourself'' becomes ''thy sen'', ''tha sen''.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=231}}
* Similar to other English dialects, using the word ''them'' to mean ''those'' is common, e.g. ''This used to be a pub back i them days''.
* The word ''reight/reet'' is used to mean ''very'' or ''really'', e.g. ''If Aw'm honest, Aw'm nut reight bother'd abaat it''.
* As in many non-standard dialects, [[double negatives]] are common, e.g. ''I was never scared of nobody''.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=238}}
* The relative pronoun may be ''what'' or ''as'' rather than ''that'', e.g. ''other people what I've heard'' and ''He's a man as likes his drink''. Alternatively there may be no relative pronoun, e.g. ''I've a sister lives there''.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=238}}
* "Yon" to mean "that over there" is still used in some areas.<ref>{{cite book|page=137|title=The Dialect of Egton in North Yorkshire|first=Hans|last=Tidholm|date=1979|isbn=9175020351|publisher=University of Göteborg}}</ref>
* Many words, and in particular [[place name]]s, reflect [[Old Norse]] influences due to Scandinavian settlement in Yorkshire during the [[Old English]] period. Examples include the ''-thorpe'' ending in names like [[Middlethorpe]], [[Linthorpe]], etc.<ref>Beal, Joan et al. "Lexis and discourse features". ''Urban North-Eastern English''. Edinburgh University Press. p. 78-9.</ref>

=== Contracted negatives ===
In informal Yorkshire speech, negatives may be more contracted than in other varieties of English. These forms are shown in the table below. Although the final consonant is written as {{IPA|[t]}}, this may be realised as {{IPA|[ʔ]}}, especially when followed by a consonant.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|pp=182–183}}

{|class="wikitable"
|- align=left
!width=199| Word!!width=199| Primary Contraction!!width=199| Secondary Contraction
|-
| isn't || {{IPA|ɪznt}} || {{IPA|ɪnt}}
|-
| wasn't || {{IPA|wɒznt}} || {{IPA|wɒnt}}
|-
| doesn't || {{IPA|dʊznt}} || {{IPA|dʊnt}}
|-
| didn't || {{IPA|dɪdnt}} || {{IPA|dɪnt}}
|-
| couldn't || {{IPA|kʊdnt}} || {{IPA|kʊnt}}
|-
| shouldn't || {{IPA|ʃʊdnt}} || {{IPA|ʃʊnt}}
|-
| wouldn't || {{IPA|wʊdnt}} || {{IPA|wʊnt}}
|-
| oughtn't || {{IPA|ɔːtnt}} || {{IPA|ɔːnt}}
|-
| needn't || {{IPA|niːdnt}} || {{IPA|niːnt}}
|-
| mightn't || {{IPA|maɪtnt}} || {{IPA|maɪnt}}
|-
| mustn't || {{IPA|mʊsnt}} || {{IPA|mʊnt}} (uncommon)
|-
| hasn't || {{IPA|haznt}} || {{IPA|ant}}
|-
| haven't || {{IPA|havnt}} || {{IPA|ant}}
|}

''Hadn't'' does not become reduced to {{IPA|[ant]}}. This may be to avoid confusion with ''hasn't'' or ''haven't'', which can both be realised as {{IPA|[ant]}}.{{sfnp|Petyt|1985|p=183}}

== Yorkshire Dialect Society ==
{{advertisement|date=April 2024}}
{{relevance section|date=April 2024}}
The Yorkshire Dialect Society exists to promote and preserve the use of this extensively studied and recorded dialect. After many years of low activity, the Society gained some media attention in 2023 with their "Let's Talk Tyke" classes, teaching the traditional dialect to Yorkshire residents.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yorkshire dialect classes rammed with students as popularity soars - YorkshireLive (examinerlive.co.uk)|url=https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/yorkshire-dialect-classes-rammed-students-27811393|publisher=Examiner|location=Huddersfield|last=Port|first=Samuel|date=30 September 2023|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>

The Yorkshire Dialect Society is the oldest of England's county dialect societies; it grew out of a committee of workers formed to collect material for the ''English Dialect Dictionary''. The committee was formed in October 1894 at Joseph Wright's suggestion, and the Yorkshire Dialect Society was founded in 1897. It publishes an annual volume of ''The Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society''; the contents of this include studies of English dialects outside Yorkshire, e.g. the dialects of Northumberland, and Shakespeare's use of dialect.<ref>Brook, G. L. (1965) ''English Dialects''; 2nd ed. London: Andre Deutsch; pp. 156–57</ref> It also publishes an annual Summer Bulletin of dialect poetry.

In the early 1930s, the society recorded gramophone records of dialect speakers from [[Baildon]], [[Cleveland Hills|Cleveland]], [[Cowling, Craven|Cowling]], [[Driffield]] and [[Sheffield]]. The recording from Cowling was provided by [[Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden|Lord Snowden of Ickornshaw]].<ref>Back sleeve of the vinyl ''First o't'sort'', 1978, Logo Records, LTRA 505 Mono</ref>

Significant members of the society have included [[Joseph Wright (linguist)|Joseph Wright]], [[Walter Skeat]], [[Harold Orton]], [[Stanley Ellis (linguist)|Stanley Ellis]], [[J.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;A. Widdowson]], [[K.&nbsp;M. Petyt]], [[A Grammar of the Dialect of the Bolton Area|Graham Shorrocks]], [[Frank Elgee]], and [[Clive Upton]].

Although Joseph Wright was involved in the Society's foundation, the Society's annual ''Transactions'' published one of the first critiques of his work in 1977. Peter Anderson, then the editor of the ''Transactions'', argued that Wright took much of his material for his work ''English Dialect Grammar'' without sufficient citation from the work of [[Alexander John Ellis]] and that Wright did Ellis "a disservice" by criticising this same work.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A new light on Early English Pronunciation|last=Anderson|first=Peter M.|journal=Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society|year=1977|pages=32–41}}</ref>

==Examples of traditional Yorkshire dialect==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2024}}
 {|class="wikitable"
! colspan=2|West Riding dialect!! Standard English
|-
| T' bairns wor aat laikin.|| [bɛːnz wəɾ aːt ˈleːkɪn] || The children were out playing.
|-
| What time is it?|| [wat taːɪ̯m ɪz ɪt] || What time is it?
|-
|| It wor a grand day.|| [ɪt wəɾ ə ɡɾand deː] || It was a great day.
|-
|| Aw heven't etten nowt today.|| [a ˈɛvənt ˈɛtən nɒʊ̯t təˈdeː]|| I haven't eaten anything today.
|- 
|| Aw usually stop at hoam i t' e'emin.|| [a ˈ(j)iʊ̯zəlɪ stɒp ət uəm ɪt ˈiːmɪn] || I usually stay at home in the evening.
|- 
|| Shoo's read fifteen books this year.|| [ʃəz ɾɛd ˈfɪftiːn buːks ðɪs jiə] || She's read fifteen books this year.
|-
|| He hugg'd a poak up a stee whol his rig wark'd.|| [ɪ ʊɡd ə puək ʊp ə stiː wɒl ɪz ɾɪɡ waːkt] || He carried a bag up a ladder until his back ached.
|-
|| Tha coud mak moor brass aat on't if tha tried.|| [ða kʊd mak muə bɾas aːt ɒnt ɪf ða tɾaːɪ̯d] || You could make more money out of it if you tried.
|-
|| We hed to wesh ussens i cowd watter.|| [wɪ ɛd tə wɛʃ əˈsɛnz ɪ kɒʊ̯d ˈwatə] || We had to wash ourselves in cold water.
|-
|| It moud ha bin war.|| [ɪt mʊd ə bɪn waː] || It might've been worse.
|-
|| Yo can leead a hoss to t' troff, but yo can't mak him sup.|| [jə kən liəd ə ɒs tət tɾɒf bət jə kaːnt mak ɪm sʊp] || You can lead a horse to the trough, but you can't make it drink.
|-
|| Experience is a dear schooil, but fooils will leearn i noa other.|| [ɪkˈspiːɾiəns ɪz ə diə skuɪl bət fuɪlz wəl liən ɪ nuː ˈʊðə] || Experience is a dear school, but fools will learn in no other (school).
|-
|| Them at eyts t' moast puddin, gets t' moast meyt.|| [ðɛm ət ɛɪ̯ts muəst ˈpʊdɪn ɡɛts muəst mɛɪ̯t] || Those who eat the most pudding, get the most meat.
|-
|| Here's hauf a craan; nip daan to t' chip-hoil an get uz a nice piece o haddock for uz teea.|| [iəz oːf ə kraːn], [nɪp daːn tət ˈtʃɪpɒɪ̯l ən ɡɛɾ əz ə naːɪ̯s piːs ə ˈadək fɒɾ əz tiə] || Here's half a crown, nip down to the chip-shop and get us a nice piece of haddock for our supper. 
|-
|| Woud-ta like to donce wi me?|| [ˈwʊdtə laːɪ̯k tə dɒns wɪ mɪ] || Would you like to dance with me?
|-
|| Wheer does-ta come fro? || [wiə ˈdʊstə kʊm fɾə] || Where do you come from?
|-
|| Aw can't go to t' party toneet becos Aw've a lot to do.|| [a kaːnt ɡʊ tət ˈpaːtɪ ˈtəniːt bəˈkɒs av ə lɒt tə duː] || I can't go to the party tonight because I've got a lot to do.
|-
|| Aw doan't think Aw sall be puttin mi coit on wi haa warm it is.|| [a duənt θɪŋk a səl bɪ ˈpʊɾɪn mɪ kɒɪ̯t ɒn wɪ aː waːm ɪt ɪz] || I don't think I shall be putting my coat on with how warm it is.
|}

== Yorkshire dialect and accent in popular culture ==
[[Wilfred Pickles]], a [[Yorkshire]]man born in Halifax, was selected by the [[BBC]] as an announcer for its [[BBC Regional Programme|North Regional radio service]]; he went on to be an occasional newsreader on the [[BBC Home Service]] during [[World War II]]. He was the first newsreader to speak in a regional accent rather than [[Received Pronunciation]], "a deliberate attempt to make it more difficult for [[Nazis]] to impersonate BBC broadcasters",<ref>{{cite web|date=March 2007|title=Your Voice, Accentuate the positive|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/yourvoice/accent2.shtml|access-date=28 December 2010|publisher=BBC|archive-date=16 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216212710/http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/yourvoice/accent2.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> and caused some comment with his farewell [[catchphrase]] "... and to all in the North, good neet".

The director [[Ken Loach]] has set several of his films in South or West Yorkshire and has stated that he does not want actors to deviate from their natural accent.<ref>[http://www.publicacions.ub.es/revistes/ejecuta_descarga.asp?codigo=561 Dialect in Films: Examples of South Yorkshire.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041048/http://www.publicacions.ub.es/revistes/ejecuta_descarga.asp?codigo=561 |date=29 November 2014 }} Grammatical and Lexical Features from Ken Loach Films, Dialectologica 3, page 6</ref> The relevant films by Loach include ''[[Kes (film)|Kes]]'' (Barnsley), ''[[Days of Hope]]'' (first episode in south of West Yorkshire), ''[[The Price of Coal]]'' (South Yorkshire and Wakefield), ''[[The Gamekeeper (film)|The Gamekeeper]]'' (Sheffield), ''[[Looks and Smiles]]'' (Sheffield) and ''[[The Navigators (film)|The Navigators]]'' (South and West Yorkshire). Loach's films were used in a French dialectological analysis on changing speech patterns in South Yorkshire. Loach said in his contribution that the speech in his recently released film ''The Navigators'' was less regionally-marked than in his early film ''Kes'' because of changing speech patterns in South Yorkshire, which the authors of the article interpreted as a move towards a more standard dialect of English.<ref>[http://www.publicacions.ub.es/revistes/ejecuta_descarga.asp?codigo=561 Dialect in Films: Examples of South Yorkshire.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041048/http://www.publicacions.ub.es/revistes/ejecuta_descarga.asp?codigo=561 |date=29 November 2014 }} Grammatical and Lexical Features from Ken Loach Films, Dialectologica 3, page 19</ref>

Dialect of the northern dales featured in the series ''[[All Creatures Great and Small (1978 TV series)|All Creatures Great and Small]]''.

A number of popular bands hail from Yorkshire and have distinctive Yorkshire accents. Singer-songwriter [[YUNGBLUD]], originating from Doncaster, preserves a strong Yorkshire accent. [[Louis Tomlinson]], who was a member of [[One Direction]], is from Yorkshire and in his solo music his accent is often heard. [[Joe Elliott]] and [[Rick Savage]], vocalist and bassist of [[Def Leppard]]; [[Alex Turner (musician)|Alex Turner]], vocalist of the [[Arctic Monkeys]];<ref>{{cite news |last=Petridis |first=Alex |date=15 April 2006 |title=Made in Sheffield |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/apr/15/popandrock.arcticmonkeys |access-date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830112524/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/apr/15/popandrock.arcticmonkeys |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jon McClure]], of [[Reverend and The Makers]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inthenews.co.uk/news/entertainment/music/live-review/reverend-and-the-makers-koko-july-8th-$1310886.htm |title=Reverend and the Makers, Koko, July 8th |last=McCudden |first=Louise |date=13 July 2009 |work=In the news |publisher=www.inthenews.co.uk. |access-date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=15 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315073026/http://www.inthenews.co.uk/news/entertainment/music/live-review/reverend-and-the-makers-koko-july-8th-$1310886.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Jon Windle, of [[Little Man Tate (band)|Little Man Tate]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://drownedinsound.com/releases/9164/reviews/1555624- |title=Little man tate about what you know |last=Dean |first=Will |date=31 January 2007 |work=Drowned in Sound |access-date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=14 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814073345/http://drownedinsound.com/releases/9164/reviews/1555624- |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Jarvis Cocker]], vocalist of [[Pulp (band)|Pulp]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acrylicafternoons.com/telegraph95.html |title=Cocker of the North |last=Burton |first=Jane |date=November 1995 |work=Telegraph Magazine |access-date=15 July 2010 |archive-date=21 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221162637/http://www.acrylicafternoons.com/telegraph95.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and Joe Carnall, of [[Milburn (band)|Milburn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forums.canadiancontent.net/movies-music-books/64379-milburn-these-facts.html |title=Milburn"These are the facts" |date=1 July 2007 |work=Canadian Content |publisher=canadiancontent.net |access-date=17 May 2012 |archive-date=16 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316001451/http://forums.canadiancontent.net/movies-music-books/64379-milburn-these-facts.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Phil Oakey]] of [[The Human League]] are all known for their Sheffield accents, whilst [[The Cribs]], who are from [[Netherton, Wakefield|Netherton]], sing in a [[Wakefield]] accent.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/leisure-and-entertainment/entertainment-west-yorkshire/2008/01/28/interview-cribs-ryan-jarman-86081-20400828/ |title=Interview: Cribs' Ryan Jarman |last=Camping |first=Katie |date=28 January 2008 |work=Huddersfield Daily Examiner |access-date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=16 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516132249/http://www.examiner.co.uk/leisure-and-entertainment/entertainment-west-yorkshire/2008/01/28/interview-cribs-ryan-jarman-86081-20400828/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Kaiser Chiefs]] originate in Leeds, as does the [[Brett Domino Trio]], the musical project of comedian Rod J. Madin. [[Graham Fellows]], in his persona as [[John Shuttleworth (character)|John Shuttleworth]], uses his Sheffield accent, though his first public prominence was as cockney [[Jilted John]]. [[Toddla T]], a former DJ on [[BBC Radio 1]] and [[BBC Radio 1Xtra|1Xtra]], has a strong Sheffield accent and often used on air the phrase "big up thysen" (an adaptation into Yorkshire dialect of the slang term "big up yourself" which is most often used in the [[Music of Jamaica|music and pop culture]] of the [[Jamaica]]n diaspora). Similarly, [[grime (music)|grime]] crews such as Scumfam use a modern Sheffield accent, which still includes some dialect words.

The [[Lyke Wake Dirge]], written in old North Riding Dialect, was set to music by the folk band [[Steeleye Span]]. Although the band was not from Yorkshire, they attempted Yorkshire pronunciations in words such as "light" and "night" as {{IPA|/li:t/}} and {{IPA|/ni:t/}}.

Actor [[Sean Bean]] normally speaks with a Yorkshire accent in his acting roles, as does actor [[Matthew Lewis (actor)|Matthew Lewis]], famously known for playing [[Neville Longbottom]] in the ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://matthew-lewis.com/index.php/category/film-roles/the-syndicate/page/3/ |title=The Syndicate |publisher=Matthew-Lewis.com |access-date=6 June 2014 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004402/http://matthew-lewis.com/index.php/category/film-roles/the-syndicate/page/3/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.compleatseanbean.com/macbeth-reviews-press18.html |title=Macbeth – Reviews – Daily Telegraph |publisher=Compleatseanbean.com |access-date=6 June 2014 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205741/http://www.compleatseanbean.com/macbeth-reviews-press18.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Wallace of [[Wallace and Gromit]], voiced by [[Peter Sallis]], has his accent from [[Holme Valley]] of [[West Yorkshire]], despite the character living in nearby [[Lancashire]]. Sallis has said that creator [[Nick Park]] wanted a [[Lancashire accent]], but Sallis could only manage to do a Yorkshire one.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/6510626/Wallace-and-Gromit-star-Peter-Sallis-confesses-he-cant-stand-Wensleydale-cheese.html |title=Wallace and Gromit star Peter Sallis confesses he can't stand Wensleydale cheese |date=6 November 2009 |access-date=9 June 2016 |archive-date=29 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629103947/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/6510626/Wallace-and-Gromit-star-Peter-Sallis-confesses-he-cant-stand-Wensleydale-cheese.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
The late British [[Poet Laureate]], [[Ted Hughes]] originated from [[Mytholmroyd]], close to the border with [[Lancashire]], and spent much of his childhood in [[Mexborough]], [[South Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/article-preview?article_id=22018 |title=The Myths of Ted Hughes |last=Ford |first=Mark |date=6 November 2008 |work=The New York Review of Books |publisher=NYREV Inc. |access-date=26 November 2009}}</ref> His own readings of his work were noted for his "flinty" or "granite" voice and "distinctive accent"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=7078 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221020636/http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=7078 |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 February 2007 |title=Ted Hughes (1930–1998) |last=Anon |publisher=Faber and Faber |access-date=26 November 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richardarmitageonline.com/ted-hughes/ted-hughes-introduction.html |title=The Ted Hughes Letters |last=Armitage |first=Richard |work=Richard Armitage Online |publisher=RichardArmitageOnline.com |access-date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=10 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110024102/http://www.richardarmitageonline.com/ted-hughes/ted-hughes-introduction.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and some said that his Yorkshire accent affected the rhythm of his poetry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/5523.html |title=Ted Hughes: Biography |last=Anon |publisher=ExampleEssays.com |access-date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=6 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706025114/http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/5523.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The soap opera ''[[Emmerdale]]'', formerly ''Emmerdale Farm'', was noted for use of broad Yorkshire, but the storylines involving numerous incomers have diluted the dialect until it is hardly heard.

In the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] Edwardian/interwar [[period drama]] ''[[Downton Abbey]]'', set at a fictional country estate in North Yorkshire between [[Thirsk]] and [[Ripon]], many of the servants and nearly all of the local villagers have Yorkshire accents. [[BBC One]] series ''[[Happy Valley (TV series)|Happy Valley]]'' and ''[[Last Tango in Halifax]]'', both from creator [[Sally Wainwright]] of [[Huddersfield]], also heavily feature Yorkshire accents.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brockes |first1=Emma |title=Happy Valley has become Britain's version of The Wire |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/11/happy-valley-quality-drama-sally-wainwright |access-date=28 March 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 March 2016 |archive-date=27 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327212419/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/11/happy-valley-quality-drama-sally-wainwright |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Corner |first1=Natalie |title=BBC bosses blame accents yet AGAIN over Happy Valley sound issue because dialect is Yorkshire |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/bbc-bosses-blame-accents-yet-7381498 |access-date=28 March 2016 |work=[[The Daily Mirror]] |date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=25 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325142533/http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/bbc-bosses-blame-accents-yet-7381498 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Woods |first1=Becky |title=Last Tango in Halifax – TV review |url=http://www.shropshirestar.com/entertainment/last-nights-tv/2012/11/21/last-tango-in-halifax-tv-review/ |access-date=28 March 2016 |work=The Shropshire Star |date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=8 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408082057/http://www.shropshirestar.com/entertainment/last-nights-tv/2012/11/21/last-tango-in-halifax-tv-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the [[HBO]] television series ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', many of the characters from the North of [[Westeros]] speak with Yorkshire accents, matching the native dialect of Sean Bean, who plays Lord [[Eddard Stark|Eddard "Ned" Stark]].

Several of the dwarfs in the Peter Jackson film adaptation of ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit]]'', namely [[Thorin Oakenshield]], [[Kíli]] and [[Fili]], speak with Yorkshire accents.

The character of the [[The Fat Controller|Fat Controller]] in the ''[[Thomas & Friends|Thomas and Friends]]'' TV series, as voiced by [[Michael Angelis]], has a broad Yorkshire accent.

"[[On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at]]", a popular [[folk song]], is sung in the Yorkshire dialect and accent and considered to be the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dksnakes.co.uk/national_anthem.htm |publisher=DKSnakes.co.uk|title=The National Anthem of Yorkshire 'God's own county' |date=24 October 2007 |access-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912065527/http://www.dksnakes.co.uk/national_anthem.htm |archive-date=12 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Actress [[Jodie Whittaker]] keeps her native Yorkshire accent in her role as the [[Thirteenth Doctor]] in ''[[Doctor Who]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-jodie-whittaker-accent/|title=Jodie Whittaker reveals why she kept her own accent for Doctor Who|website=Radio Times|access-date=19 April 2023|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419211707/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-jodie-whittaker-accent/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The freeware action game ''Poacher'' by [[Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw]] features Yorkshireman as a protagonist and majority of the in-game dialogues is done in Yorkshire dialect.<ref>{{cite web |first=Adam |last=Smith |title=Yorkshire-Man Belmont: Poacher |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/yorkshire-man-belmont-poacher |work=Collider |date=5 April 2012 |access-date=10 December 2022 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210160245/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/yorkshire-man-belmont-poacher |url-status=live }}</ref>

Studies have shown that accents in the [[West Riding]] (that is, mostly, modern West and South Yorkshire), and by extension local dialects, are well-liked among Britons and associated with common sense, loyalty, and reliability.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 October 2006|title=Can I help you!|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2006/10/05/call_centre_feature.shtml|access-date=5 January 2007|work=[[BBC Bradford and West Yorkshire]]|publisher=BBC|archive-date=24 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224040439/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2006/10/05/call_centre_feature.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/apr/04/6 |title=Yorkshire named top twang as Brummie brogue comes bottom |work=The Guardian |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903205906/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/apr/04/6 |url-status=live }}<!-- Bot generated title --></ref>

== Resources on traditional Yorkshire dialect ==

{{external media
| float  = right
| caption = 5 YouTube videos <!-- text placed left or right of headerimage --->
| headerimage= [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|alt=YouTube logo|x20px|left]]
| video1 = [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HGvTiZOKfyI {{lang|pdc|Knur & Spell}} (Explanation of the game of Knur and Spell via commentary in West Riding dialect)]
| video2 = 
[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Hl3VKzkLFSs {{lang|pdc|Yestie}} (Recital of the prose text "Yestie" in the Huddersfield Variety of West Riding dialect)] (as spoken by Barbara Stinchcombe)
| video3 = [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ScELaXMCVis {{lang|pdc|Yorkshire Dialect}} (Spotlight on East Riding dialect)] (as spoken by Irwin Bielby)
| video4 =
[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kJd9-iujl1Q {{lang|pdc|Yorkshire Dialect Recording (1952) Traditional Recipe for White Bread}} (a walkthrough of a traditional white bread recipe in North Riding dialect)] (as spoken by Mrs Hesselden) 
| video5 =
[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_7EUce7G3sw {{lang|pdc|Locks Down 3 Video 1}} (Humorous anecdotes in North Riding dialect)] (as spoken by Adam Collier)}}

===Books showcasing the dialect===
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17472 ''Yorkshire Ditties'' (Series 1)] by [[John Hartley (poet)|John Hartley]]
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17799 ''Yorkshire Ditties'' (Series 2)] by John Hartley
* ''Yorkshire Puddin''' by John Hartley, 1876
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18176 ''Yorkshire Tales'' (Series 3)] by John Hartley
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2888 ''Yorkshire Dialect Poems (1673–1915) and traditional poems''] by [[Frederic William Moorman]]
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3232 ''Songs of the Ridings''] by Frederic William Moorman
* ''A Yorkshire Dialect Reciter'' compiled by George H. Cowling, author of "A Yorkshire Tyke", "The Dialect of Hackness", &c. London: Folk Press Ltd, [1926] 
* ''A Kind of Loving'' and ''Joby'' by Stan Barstow (specifically that of Dewsbury and Ossett)
* Most of the dialogue in ''GB84'' by David Peace
* ''[[A Kestrel for a Knave]]'', later turned into the film ''[[Kes (film)|Kes]]''
* (Parts of) ''[[The Secret Garden]]'' by [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]
* (Parts of) ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'' by [[Emily Brontë]] (very old-fashioned Haworth dialect)

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation
|last=Jones
|first=Mark J.
|year=2002
|title=The origin of Definite Article Reduction in northern English dialects: evidence from dialect allomorphy
|journal=English Language and Linguistics
|volume=6
|issue=2
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|pages=325–345
|doi=10.1017/S1360674302000266
|s2cid=122172283
}}
* {{citation
|last=Petyt
|first=Keith M.
|author-link=K. M. Petyt
|year=1985
|title='Dialect' and 'Accent' in Industrial West Yorkshire
|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company
|isbn=9027279497
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0skjSvKRQb4C
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Stoddart
|first1=Jana
|last2=Upton
|first2=Clive
|last3=Widdowson
|first3=J.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;A.
|year=1999
|chapter=Sheffield dialect in the 1990s: revisiting the concept of NORMs
|pages=72–89
|title=Urban Voices
|location=London
|publisher=Arnold
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Watt
|first1=Dominic
|last2=Tillotson
|first2=Jennifer
|year=2001
|title=A spectrographic analysis of vowel fronting in Bradford English
|journal=English World-Wide
|volume=22
|issue=2
|pages=269–302
|url=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/arts/download/1327/watt1999.pdf
|doi=10.1075/eww.22.2.05wat
}}
* {{Accents of English|hide1=y|hide3=y|mode=cs2}}
* {{citation
|last=Wilhelm
|first=Stephen
|year=2018
|title=Segmental and suprasegmental change in North West Yorkshire – a new case of supralocalisation?
|publisher=CerLiCO
|journal=Corela
|volume=HS-24
|issue=HS-24
|doi=10.4000/corela.5203
|s2cid=150150043
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Williams
|first1=Ann
|last2=Kerswill
|first2=Paul
|editor1-last=Foulkes
|editor1-first=Paul
|editor2-last=Docherty
|editor2-first=Gerard
|chapter=Dialect levelling: change and continuity in Milton Keynes, Reading and Hull
|title=Urban voices. Accent studies in the British Isles.
|year=1999
|location=London
|publisher=Arnold
|pages=141–162
|chapter-url=http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/linguistics/staff/kerswill/pkpubs/WilliamsKerswill1999UrbanVoices.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916171839/http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/linguistics/staff/kerswill/pkpubs/WilliamsKerswill1999UrbanVoices.pdf
|archive-date=16 September 2012
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{citation
|last=Alexander
|first=Don
|year=2001
|title=Orreight mi ol'
|publisher=ALD
|location=Sheffield
|isbn=1-901587-18-5|ref=none
}}
* ''All Creatures Great and Small'' by [[James Herriot]] ([[All Creatures Great and Small (film)|film]] and [[All Creatures Great and Small (1978 TV series)|TV series]])
* {{citation
|last=Dyer
|first=Samuel
|date=1891
|title=Dialect of the West Riding of Yorkshire: a short history of Leeds and other towns
|publisher=J. Hartley
|location=Brighouse
|url=https://archive.org/details/dialectofwestrid00dyerrich|ref=none
|hdl=2027/nyp.33433069243529
|hdl-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last=Kellett
|first=Arnold
|date=1994
|title=The Yorkshire Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
|publisher=Smith Settle
|isbn=1-85825-016-1|ref=none
}}
* {{citation
|last=Maskill
|first=Louise
|year=2013
|title=Yorkshire Dialect
|publisher=Bradwell Books
|location=Sheffield
|isbn=978-1-90267-465-0|ref=none
}}
* {{citation
|last=Petyt
|first=Keith M.
|title=Emily Bronte and the Haworth Dialect
|year=1970
|publisher=Yorkshire Dialect Society
|location=Bradford
|isbn=978-0-95017-100-5|ref=none
}}
* ''Up and Down in the Dales'', ''In the Heart of the Dales'', ''Head Over Heels in the Dales'', by [[Gervase Phinn]]
* ''Twixt Thee and Me: an anthology of Yorkshire and Lancashire verse and prose'', ed. by Joan Pomfret. Nelson: Gerrard Publications, 1974 ISBN 090039725X
* {{citation
|last=Tidholm
|first=Hans
|year=1979
|title=The Dialect of Egton in North Yorkshire
|publisher=Westhofen, Germany
|location=SKULIMA Wiss. Versandbuchhandlung
|isbn=978-9-17502-035-8|ref=none
}}
* {{citation
|last=Wakelin
|first=Martyn F.
|year=1977
|title=English Dialects: An Introduction
|edition=Revised
|publisher=The Athlone Press
|location=London|ref=none
}}
* {{citation
|last=Wright
|first=Joseph
|author-link=Joseph Wright (linguist)
|year=1892
|title=A Grammar of the Dialect of Windhill
|publisher=Truebner & Co
|location=London|ref=none
}}

Several nineteenth-century books are kept in specialist libraries.

== External links ==
*[https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A%22Yorkshire+Dialect+Society%22 Works by the Yorkshire Dialect Society on the Internet Archive]

* [http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/ Sounds Familiar?]&nbsp;– Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
* [http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/collections/dialects/ English Accents and Dialects] collection on the [[British Library]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050521083104/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/ Collect Britain] website.
* [http://www.yorkshiredialectsociety.org.uk/ Yorkshire Dialect Society]
* [https://archive.org/details/Yorkshire-Dialect-Society-78RPM-recordings Gramophone recordings of Yorkshire dialect made by the Yorkshire Dialect Society in the 1930s, advertised to the society's members in 1937]
* [http://www.yorkshiredialect.com/east_riding_dialect_society.htm East Riding Dialect Society] at Yorkshire Dialect website by Barry Rawling
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070902075815/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/Misc/Books/FolkTalk/Chapter3.html Chapter from an 1892 book on "Yorkshire Folk Talk". The descriptions focus on the dialect specifically of the East Riding]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310173638/http://www.freewebs.com/englishdialects/ Dialect Poems from the English regions]
* [http://regmedia.co.uk/2006/04/24/glossary_for_international_recruits.pdf Guide to Yorkshire words given to international recruits to the Doncaster West N.H.S.]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=XD197EO27_IC A Glossary of Provincial Words in Use at Wakefield in Yorkshire], 1865, full book online, copyright has expired.
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScELaXMCVis Yorkshire Dialect] from the BBC's "The Story of English."
* [https://imfromyorkshire.uk.com/yorkshire-sayings/ Yorkshire Sayings, Phrases and Dialect], I'm From Yorkshire
* Richard Blakeborough (1898), [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62999 Wit, Character, Folklore & Customs of the North Riding of Yorkshire] With a Glossary of over 4,000 Words and Idioms Now in Use.

{{English dialects by continent}}
{{Yorkshire}}

[[Category:English language in England]]
[[Category:Yorkshire culture]]