View source for Justin Trudeau

{{Short description|Prime Minister of Canada from 2015 to 2025}}
{{Pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = Justin Trudeau
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|size=100%}}
| image               = Prime Minister Trudeau's message on Christmas 2023 (0m29s) (cropped).jpg<!-- Please get consensus to change the image on the talk page before doing so. This image is here based on consensus.-->
| caption             = Trudeau in 2023
| order               = 23rd
| office              = Prime Minister of Canada
| term_start          = November 4, 2015
| term_end            = March 14, 2025
| monarch             = {{plainlist|
* [[Elizabeth II]]
* [[Charles III]]
}}
| governor_general    = {{plainlist|
* [[David Johnston (governor general)|David Johnston]]
* [[Julie Payette]]
* [[Mary Simon]]
}}
| deputy              = [[Chrystia Freeland]]  (2019–2024)
| predecessor         = [[Stephen Harper]]
| successor           = [[Mark Carney]]
| office1             = [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada|Leader of the Liberal Party]]
| term_start1         = April 14, 2013
| term_end1           = March 9, 2025
| deputy1             = [[Ralph Goodale]] (2013–2015)
| predecessor1        = [[Bob Rae]] (interim)
| successor1          = Mark Carney
| office2             = [[Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs|Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth]]
| term_start2         = November 4, 2015
| term_end2           = July 18, 2018
| primeminister2      = ''Himself''
| predecessor2        = [[Denis Lebel]]{{efn|The Cabinet position was titled "minister of infrastructure, communities and intergovernmental affairs".}}
| successor2          = [[Dominic LeBlanc]]{{efn|LeBlanc succeeded Trudeau in the Cabinet position, but with the title "minister of intergovernmental and northern affairs and internal trade".}}
| parliament3         = Canadian
| riding3             = [[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau]]
| term_start3         = October 14, 2008
| term_end3           = April 28, 2025
| predecessor3        = [[Vivian Barbot]]
| successor3          = [[Marjorie Michel]]
| birth_name          = Justin Pierre James Trudeau
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1971|12|25|mf=yes}}
| birth_place         = [[Ottawa]], Ontario, Canada
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Sophie Grégoire Trudeau|Sophie Grégoire]]|May 28, 2005|August 2, 2023|reason={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}}
| children            = 3, including [[Xav|Xavier]]
| father              = [[Pierre Trudeau]]
| mother              = [[Margaret Trudeau|Margaret Sinclair]]
| relatives           = [[Trudeau family]]
| residence           = 
| alma_mater          = {{unbulleted list|[[McGill University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[University of British Columbia]] ([[Bachelor of Education|BEd]])| [[École Polytechnique de Montréal]] (no degree)}}
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|teacher}}
| salary              = 
| website             = {{unbulleted list|{{URL|www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/justin-trudeau(58733)|House of Commons website}}}}
| signature           = Signature Justin Trudeau.svg
| signature_alt       = Vectorized signature of Justin Trudeau
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Justin Trudeau voice.ogg|title=Justin Trudeau's voice|type=speech|description=Trudeau celebrating [[Canada Day]]<br />Recorded July 1, 2018}}
}}

'''Justin Pierre James Trudeau'''{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|uː|d|oʊ|,_|t|r|uː|ˈ|d|oʊ|audio=Justinpierrejamestrudeau.ogg}} {{respell|TROO|doh|,_|troo|DOH}}; French: {{IPA|fr|ʒystɛ̃ pjɛʁ dʒɛms tʁydo|}}.}} (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who served as the 23rd [[prime minister of Canada]]<!-- DO NOT capitalize prime minister, per [[WP:JOBTITLES]]--> from 2015 to 2025. He led the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] from 2013 until his resignation in 2025 and was [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau]] from 2008 until 2025.

Trudeau was born in [[Ottawa]], Ontario, as the eldest son of Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]], and attended [[Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf]]. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from [[McGill University]] and a Bachelor of Education degree from the [[University of British Columbia]]. After graduating, he taught at the [[secondary school]] level in [[Vancouver]] before returning to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He was chair for the youth charity [[Katimavik]] and director of the not-for-profit [[Canadian Avalanche Association]]. In 2006, he was appointed as chair of the Liberal Party's Task Force on Youth Renewal. In the [[2008 Canadian federal election|2008 federal election]], he was elected to represent the riding of [[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau]] in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]]. He was the Liberal Party's [[Official Opposition (Canada)|Official Opposition critic]] for youth and multiculturalism in 2009; in 2010, he became critic for citizenship and immigration. In 2011, he was appointed as a critic for secondary education and sport. In 2013, Trudeau [[2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election|was elected]] as the [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada|leader of the Liberal Party]] and led the party to a [[majority government]] in the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 federal election]]. He became the second-youngest [[List of prime ministers of Canada|prime minister in Canadian history]] and the first to be the child of a previous prime minister.

Major government initiatives Trudeau undertook during his first term included establishing the [[Canada Child Benefit]], legalizing [[euthanasia in Canada|medical assistance in dying]], legalizing recreational marijuana through the ''[[Cannabis Act (Canada)|Cannabis Act]]'', attempting Senate appointment reform by establishing the [[Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments]], and establishing the [[Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act|federal carbon tax]]. In foreign policy, Trudeau's government negotiated trade deals such as the [[Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement]] (CUSMA) and the [[Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership]], and signed the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change. He was sanctioned by Canada's [[Ethics Commissioner of Canada|ethics commissioner]] for violating [[conflict of interest]] law regarding the [[Aga Khan affair]], and again with the [[SNC-Lavalin affair]].

Trudeau's Liberal Party was reduced to a [[Minority governments in Canada|minority government]] in the [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019 federal election]]. His government responded to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|COVID-19 pandemic]], announced an [[Firearms regulation in Canada|"assault-style" weapons ban]] in response to the [[2020 Nova Scotia attacks]], and launched a national $10-a-day [[Child care in Canada|childcare]] program. He was investigated for a third time by the ethics commissioner for his part in the [[WE Charity scandal]], but was cleared of wrongdoing. In the [[2021 Canadian federal election|2021 federal election]], he led the Liberals to another minority government. In 2022, he invoked the ''[[Emergencies Act]]'' in response to the [[Freedom Convoy 2022|Freedom Convoy protests]] and responded to the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing military aid to Ukraine. His party signed a [[confidence and supply]] agreement with the [[New Democratic Party]] (NDP) in early 2022, which resulted in the enactment of the [[Canadian Dental Care Plan]] for residents who meet a certain income threshold and a framework for national [[pharmacare]]; in late 2024, the NDP opted to terminate the agreement. In early 2025, in response to the [[second Trump tariffs]], Trudeau announced 25% retaliatory tariffs on $30 billion worth of U.S. goods.

Following a steady decline in public support, the sudden resignation of his deputy [[Chrystia Freeland]] in December 2024 and [[2024–2025 Canadian political crisis|an ensuing political crisis]], Trudeau announced in January 2025 that [[Resignation of Justin Trudeau|he would resign]] as prime minister and leader of the Liberal Party. He advised the [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] to [[Prorogation in Canada|prorogue Parliament]] until March 24, while the party held a [[2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election|leadership election]]. Trudeau remained leader until [[Mark Carney]] was elected as his replacement on March 9. He formally resigned as prime minister five days later and stood down as an MP at the [[2025 Canadian federal election|federal election]] held weeks later.

==Early life==
===Ancestry and birth===
On 23 June, 1971, the [[Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)|Prime Minister's Office]] (PMO) announced that Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]]'s wife of four months, [[Margaret Trudeau]] (née Sinclair),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Griffin |first=Eugene |date=March 6, 1971 |title=Trudeau's Bride Takes All by Surprise |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |agency=Chicago Tribune Press Services |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/03/06/page/4/article/trudeaus-bride-takes-all-by-surprise |url-status=live |access-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305151655/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/03/06/page/4/article/trudeaus-bride-takes-all-by-surprise/ |archive-date=March 5, 2017}}</ref> was pregnant and due in December.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 24, 1971 |title=Rumors confirmed: Mrs. Trudeau expecting, due December |work=[[Montreal Gazette]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=twwuAAAAIBAJ&pg=1854%2C4731550 |access-date=May 22, 2016 |archive-date=May 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502044935/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=twwuAAAAIBAJ&pg=1854,4731550 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 1, 1971 |title=Civic doctor for Margaret |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VrYyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3710%2C10082 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |archive-date=December 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218063645/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VrYyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3710,10082 |url-status=live }}</ref> Justin Trudeau was born on December 25, 1971, at 9:27&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] at the [[Ottawa Civic Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Downie |first=Jim |date=December 28, 1971 |title=Justin just like dad |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19711224&id=MZA0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3055,3625264&hl=en |access-date=October 21, 2015 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125194358/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19711224&id=MZA0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3055,3625264&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> He is the second child in Canadian history to be born to a prime minister in office; the first was [[John A. Macdonald]]'s daughter Margaret Mary Theodora Macdonald (February 8, 1869&nbsp;– January 28, 1933). Trudeau's younger brothers [[Alexandre Trudeau|Alexandre]] (Sacha) (born December 25, 1973) and [[Michel Trudeau|Michel]] (October 2, 1975&nbsp;– November 13, 1998) were the third and fourth.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 31, 1971 |title=Welcome, Justin Trudeau |work=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BXdSAAAAIBAJ&pg=4654,4743756&dq=justin+trudeau+john+a+macdonald+born&hl=en |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-date=May 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502044935/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BXdSAAAAIBAJ&pg=4654,4743756&dq=justin+trudeau+john+a+macdonald+born&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="English2007">{{Cite book |last=English |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNuHfl3U4fUC&pg=PA205 |title=Citizen of the World: The Life of Pierre Elliott Trudeau Volume One: 1919–1968 |date=August 28, 2007 |publisher=Knopf Canada |isbn=978-0-676-97522-2 |pages=205– |access-date=May 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731194203/http://books.google.com/books?id=jNuHfl3U4fUC&pg=PA205 |archive-date=July 31, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Margaret Sinclair, Pat Nixon, Justin Trudeau 1972-04-14 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Margaret Trudeau]] with [[Pat Nixon]] holding Justin at [[Rideau Hall]] in Ottawa in 1972]]
Trudeau is predominantly of [[Scottish Canadian|Scottish]] and [[French Canadian]] descent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ancestry of Justin Trudeau |url=https://www.perche-quebec.com/justin-trudeau/individus/justin-trudeau-en.htm |access-date=September 30, 2021 |website=perche-quebec.com |language=en |archive-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926131135/https://www.perche-quebec.com/justin-trudeau/individus/justin-trudeau-en.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> His grandfathers were businessman [[Charles-Émile Trudeau]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 9, 1994 |title=Pierre Trudeau toughens up |work=CBC Digital Archives |url=http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1797431899 |url-status=live |access-date=November 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118221347/http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1797431899 |archive-date=November 18, 2015}}</ref> and Scottish-born [[James Sinclair (politician)|James Sinclair]],<ref name="surprised wedding">{{Cite news |date=March 5, 1971 |title=Colleagues, family discuss secret Trudeau wedding |work=CBC Digital Archives |url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/colleagues-family-discuss-secret-trudeau-wedding |url-status=live |access-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/colleagues-family-discuss-secret-trudeau-wedding |archive-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref> who was [[Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)|minister of fisheries]] in the cabinet of Prime Minister [[Louis St. Laurent]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SINCLAIR, The Hon. James, P.C. |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=d59901cd-17d4-4346-9114-11a9957eaea7&Language=E&Section=ALL |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508193255/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=d59901cd-17d4-4346-9114-11a9957eaea7&Language=E&Section=ALL |archive-date=May 8, 2013 |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=[[Parliament of Canada]]}}</ref> Trudeau's maternal great-grandfather Thomas Bernard was born in [[Makassar]], Indonesia<ref name="mother">{{Cite news |title=Margaret Trudeau |work=[[CBC Television]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/whodoyouthinkyouare/2012/09/margaret-trudeau.html |url-status=live |access-date=April 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109022600/http://www.cbc.ca/whodoyouthinkyouare/2012/09/margaret-trudeau.html |archive-date=January 9, 2013}}</ref> and immigrated to [[Penticton]], British Columbia, in 1906 at age 15 with his family.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2016 |title=Passenger lists of the AORANGI arriving in Vancouver, British Columbia on 1906-06 |url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/immigration/immigration-records/passenger-lists/passenger-lists-1865-1922/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=15662& |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104025049/http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/immigration/immigration-records/passenger-lists/passenger-lists-1865-1922/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=15662& |archive-date=January 4, 2017 |access-date=April 19, 2017 |website=[[Library and Archives Canada]]}}</ref> Through the Bernard family, kinsmen of the [[Earl of Bandon|Earls of Bandon]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gartland |first=Fiona |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/rebel-roots-justin-trudeau-s-irish-ancestry-from-co-cork-revealed-1.3143429 |title=Rebel roots: Justin Trudeau's Irish ancestry from Co Cork revealed |date=June 4, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=October 7, 2017 |archive-date=October 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007122106/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/rebel-roots-justin-trudeau-s-irish-ancestry-from-co-cork-revealed-1.3143429 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Mahony |first=Kieran |date=July 10, 2017 |title=Bandon claims Trudeau Just-In time |work=[[The Southern Star (County Cork)|The Southern Star]] |url=http://www.southernstar.ie/news/roundup/articles/2017/07/10/4142853-bandon-claims-trudeau-justin-time |access-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-date=May 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505204737/http://www.southernstar.ie/news/roundup/articles/2017/07/10/4142853-bandon-claims-trudeau-justin-time |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bernards of Palace Anne |url=http://www.bandon-genealogy.com/Bernards_of_Palace_Anne.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407000801/http://www.bandon-genealogy.com/Bernards_of_Palace_Anne.htm |archive-date=April 7, 2016 |access-date=September 4, 2016 |website=Bandon Cork Ancestors and Genealogy Heritage Roots Ireland}}</ref> Trudeau is the fifth great-grandson of Major-General [[William Farquhar]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sin |first=Yuen |date=November 15, 2018 |title=Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau traces family links to Singapore at Fort Canning Park |work=[[The Straits Times]] |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/canadian-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-traces-family-links-to-singapore-at-fort-canning |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121055654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/canadian-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-traces-family-links-to-singapore-at-fort-canning |url-status=live }}</ref> a leader in the [[Founding years of modern Singapore|founding of modern Singapore]]; Trudeau also has remote [[Malays (ethnic group)|ethnic Malaccan]]<ref>"[[Stamford Raffles]] was not above sneering at Farquhar's Malay wife and the children by her he had acknowledged. 'The Maya connexion', he termed them archly."{{Cite book |last=Barley |first=Nigel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=159wAAAAMAAJ |title=The Duke of Puddle Dock: Travels in the Footsteps of Stamford Raffles |date=1991 |publisher=Viking |isbn=9780670836420 |location=Great Britain |page=242 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116003242/https://books.google.com/books?id=159wAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ford |first=D. |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:78037 |title=The world of Antoinette Clement: Colonial mistress |date=2005 |publisher=University of Queensland |location=Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002318/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ%3A78037 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Nias people|Nias]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hedemann |first=Nancy Oakley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpIAAAAMAAJ |title=A Scottish-Hawaiian story: the Purvis family in the Sandwich Islands |date=1994 |publisher=Book Crafters |isbn=9780964402003 |access-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116033621/https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpIAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglas-Home |first=Jessica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LogHAQAAMAAJ |title=Violet: The Life and Loves of Violet Gordon Woodhouse |date=1996 |publisher=Harvill Press |isbn=9781860462696 |access-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116051226/https://books.google.com/books?id=LogHAQAAMAAJ |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooper |first=Artemis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYAKPntbPi4C |title=Writing at the Kitchen Table: The Authorized Biography of Elizabeth David |date=2011 |publisher=[[Faber & Faber]] |isbn=9780571279777 |access-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115170748/https://books.google.com/books?id=cYAKPntbPi4C |archive-date=January 15, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ancestry.

Trudeau was [[Infant baptism#Roman Catholic Church|baptized]] with his father's niece Anne Rouleau-Danis as godmother and his mother's brother-in-law Thomas Walker as godfather,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gillespie |first=Mike |date=January 17, 2015 |title=It's 'Justin Pierre James' – Trudeau baby baptized |work=[[The Ottawa Journal]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-journal-its-justin-pierre-j/170638509/ |access-date=November 12, 2015 |quote=Justin remained perfectly quiet when the prime minister and his wife took their places in the baptistry, accompanied by Mr. Trudeau's niece, Marie Anne Rouleau-Danis, and a stand-in for Thomas Walker, the PM's brother-in-law, who, along, with Mrs. Roulea-Danis, are the baby's godparents.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Catling |first=Len |date=May 18, 2016 |title=O'Connor returns home to Ottawa, meets Prime Minister |publisher=The University of British Columbia Athletic |url=http://www.gothunderbirds.ca/news/2016/5/18/football-o-connor-returns-home-to-ottawa-meets-prime-minister.aspx |access-date=September 15, 2017 |quote="My uncle played for the Lions," replied the Prime Minister. "Tom Walker played for them." The Prime Minister is referring to defensive tackle Tom Walker, who donned BC Lions colours in the early sixities. |archive-date=September 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916054454/http://www.gothunderbirds.ca/news/2016/5/18/football-o-connor-returns-home-to-ottawa-meets-prime-minister.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> at [[Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica (Ottawa)|Ottawa's Notre Dame Basilica]] on the afternoon of January 16, 1972, which marked his first public appearance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 17, 1972 |title=Canada Premier's Son Christened in Ottawa |work=[[The Blade (Toledo)|The Blade]] |agency=Reuters |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19720117&id=zcZOAAAAIBAJ&pg=1937,5989636&hl=en |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022141321/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19720117&id=zcZOAAAAIBAJ&pg=1937%2C5989636&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> and given the names "Justin Pierre James".<ref name="Grafstein 2019 p. 1-PT102">{{cite book | last=Grafstein | first=J.S. | title=A Leader Must Be a Leader: Encounters With Eleven Prime Ministers | publisher=Mosaic Press | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-77161-409-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFYEEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT102 | access-date=September 24, 2022 | page=1-PT102 | archive-date=February 9, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211803/https://books.google.com/books?id=rFYEEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT102#v=onepage&q&f=false | url-status=live }}</ref> On April 14, 1972, Trudeau's father and mother hosted a gala at the [[National Arts Centre]], at which visiting U.S. president [[Richard Nixon]] said, "I'd like to toast the future prime minister of [[Canada]], to Justin Pierre Trudeau" to which Pierre Trudeau responded that should his son ever assume the role, he hoped he would have "the grace and skill of the president".<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 15, 1972 |title=Nixon, Trudeau sign treaty: Great Lakes cleanup is multi-billion job |work=[[The Bryan Times]] |agency=[[United Press International]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tJBPAAAAIBAJ&pg=1625%2C990999 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022141318/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tJBPAAAAIBAJ&pg=1625%2C990999 |url-status=live }}</ref> Earlier that day, first lady [[Pat Nixon]] had visited him in his nursery and gifted him a stuffed toy [[Snoopy]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 15, 1972 |title='Snoopy' gift from Nixon's |work=[[Daily Record (Washington)|Daily Record]] |agency=[[United Press International]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j6NUAAAAIBAJ&pg=6898%2C772477 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-date=October 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021232314/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j6NUAAAAIBAJ&pg=6898%2C772477 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ruvinsky |first=Auren |date=November 10, 2015 |title=Parksville man discusses scene around some baby pictures he took of Justin Trudeau |work=Parksville Qualicum Beach News |url=http://www.pqbnews.com/news/344832482.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034956/http://www.pqbnews.com/news/344832482.html |archive-date=November 17, 2015}}</ref>

===Childhood===
Trudeau's parents announced their separation in 1977, when he was five years old; his father was given primary custody.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 28, 1977 |title=Trudeaus Separate; He Keeps Children (Published 1977) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/28/archives/trudeaus-separate-he-keeps-children-trudeau-and-his-wife-separate.html |quote=Trudeau and his wife jointly announce they have separated and that Mr Trudeau will have custody of their 3 sons; ...MrsTrudeau would have "generous access" to the children, Justin, 5 years old, Sacha, 4, and Michel, 1. |access-date=January 30, 2021 |archive-date=October 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011005159/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/28/archives/trudeaus-separate-he-keeps-children-trudeau-and-his-wife-separate.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There were repeated rumours of a reconciliation for many years afterwards.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Hara |first=Jane |date=December 3, 1979 |title=When Pierre put his boys first |work=Maclean's Magazine |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-pierre-put-his-boys-first |url-status=live |access-date=December 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204075456/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-pierre-put-his-boys-first/ |archive-date=December 4, 2015}}</ref> However, his mother eventually filed for a [[no-fault divorce]] which the [[Supreme Court of Ontario]] granted in 1984;<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 5, 1984 |title=Trudeaus' divorce has become final: Report |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19840405&id=9gowAAAAIBAJ&pg=6489,1184177&hl=en |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022081101/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19840405&id=9gowAAAAIBAJ&pg=6489%2C1184177&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> his father had announced his intention to retire as prime minister a month earlier.<ref name="WoodgerBurg2006">{{Cite book |last1=Elin Woodger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV9S7TCG2VYC&pg=PA414 |title=The 1980s |last2=David F. Burg |date=March 2006 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-8160-5809-9 |page=414 |access-date=May 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731195713/http://books.google.com/books?id=uV9S7TCG2VYC&pg=PA414 |archive-date=July 31, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Eventually, his parents came to an amicable joint-custody arrangement and learned to get along quite well. Interviewed in October 1979, his [[nanny]] Dianne Lavergne was quoted, "Justin is a mommy's boy, so it's not easy, but children's hurts mend very quickly. And they're lucky kids, anyway."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Laver |first=Ross |date=October 31, 1979 |title=Nostalgic nanny |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19771031&id=970yAAAAIBAJ&pg=6187,11452806&hl=en |access-date=October 29, 2015 |archive-date=December 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218063622/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19771031&id=970yAAAAIBAJ&pg=6187,11452806&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Of his mother and father's marriage, Trudeau said in 2009, "They loved each other incredibly, passionately, completely. But there was 30 years between them, and my mom never was an equal partner in what encompassed my father's life, his duty, his country."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Campion-Smith |first=Bruce |date=June 20, 2009 |title=Justin on growing up Trudeau |work=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/07/20/justin_on_growing_up_trudeau.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107221601/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/07/20/justin_on_growing_up_trudeau.html |archive-date=November 7, 2014}}</ref> Trudeau has three half-siblings, Kyle and Alicia, from his mother's remarriage to Fried Kemper,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anzalone |first=Charles |date=February 8, 2008 |title=Margaret Trudeau: Forgiveness, gratitude, wisdom |agency=bpHope |url=http://www.bphope.com/margaret-trudeau-forgiveness-gratitude-wisdom |url-status=live |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104055209/http://www.bphope.com/margaret-trudeau-forgiveness-gratitude-wisdom/ |archive-date=November 4, 2015}}</ref> and Sarah, from his father's relationship with [[Deborah Coyne]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Popplewell |first=Brett |date=November 24, 2010 |title=Pierre Trudeau's daughter, Sarah, lives under the radar |work=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2010/11/24/pierre_trudeaus_daughter_sarah_lives_under_the_radar.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104234827/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2010/11/24/pierre_trudeaus_daughter_sarah_lives_under_the_radar.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Justin Trudeau June 1978.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Trudeau watching a parade in Ottawa, June 1978]]
Trudeau lived at [[24 Sussex Drive]], Ottawa, the official residence of Canada's prime minister, from his birth until his father's government was defeated in the [[1979 Canadian federal election|1979 federal election]]. The Trudeaus were expected to move into [[Stornoway (residence)|Stornoway]], the residence of the [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|leader of the Official Opposition]], but because of flooding in the basement, Prime Minister [[Joe Clark]] offered them [[Harrington Lake]], the prime minister's official country retreat in [[Gatineau Park]], with the expectation they would move into Stornoway at the start of July.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 16, 1979 |title=Stornoway changes to cost $65,000 |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790616&id=rIIuAAAAIBAJ&pg=5217,63340&hl=en |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303033913/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790616&id=rIIuAAAAIBAJ&pg=5217,63340&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the repairs were not complete, so Pierre Trudeau took a prolonged vacation with his sons to the [[Nova Scotia]] summer home of his friend, Member of Parliament [[Don Johnston]], and later sent his sons to stay with their maternal grandparents in [[North Vancouver (district municipality)|North Vancouver]] for the rest of the summer while he slept at his friend's Ottawa apartment. Trudeau and his brothers returned to Ottawa for the start of the school year but lived only on the top floor of Stornoway while repairs continued on the bottom floor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Janigan |first=Mary |date=September 6, 1979 |title=The new Trudeau: A beard holds the key |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790906&id=y4w1AAAAIBAJ&pg=3456,1816135&hl=en |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125194400/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790906&id=y4w1AAAAIBAJ&pg=3456,1816135&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> His mother purchased and moved into a new home nearby at 95 Victoria Street in Ottawa's [[New Edinburgh]] neighbourhood in September 1979.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 11, 1979 |title=Maggie house hunting? |work=Ottawa Citizen |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3K4yAAAAIBAJ&pg=4371%2C24947 |access-date=November 15, 2015 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126095206/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3K4yAAAAIBAJ&pg=4371%2C24947 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Strobel |first=Mike |date=September 27, 1979 |title='Burgh' accepts Maggie's move |work=The Ottawa Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-journal-burgh-accepts-maggi/170638534/ |access-date=November 15, 2015}}</ref> Pierre Trudeau and his sons returned to the prime minister's official residence after [[1980 Canadian federal election|the February 1980 election]] that returned him to the Prime Minister's Office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 20, 1980 |title=It's all yours next week, Clark tells a victorious Trudeau |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800220&id=t1sxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1441,3942042&hl=en |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304012023/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800220&id=t1sxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1441,3942042&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Justint Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1).jpg|thumb|10-year-old Justin touring the [[Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille]] in France with [[Pierre Trudeau|his father]] in 1982]]
His father had intended Trudeau to begin his formal education at a French-language lycée, but Trudeau's mother convinced his father of the importance of sending their sons to a public school.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brooker |first=Deborah |date=February 9, 1983 |title=Margaret Trudeau today: a TV career, a new man – and her kids |work=Ottawa Citizen |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ouhfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1352%2C4315355 |access-date=November 30, 2015 |quote=Q: I understand you insisted that the children attend a public school. A: Pierre wanted them from the beginning to go to a French Lycée to get a very academic education. I held out, and was able to give good arguments. Pierre has certainly agreed that they've done very well in school. They are all in French immersion, and are quite bilingual. They attend a local public school, and they're just normal little kids doing all the fun things of elementary years. |archive-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303021015/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ouhfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1352%2C4315355 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the end, Trudeau was enrolled in 1976 in the [[French immersion|French immersion program]] at [[Rockcliffe Park Public School]]. It was the same school his mother had attended for two years while her father was a member of Parliament.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coyle |first=Jim |date=October 17, 2015 |title=Growing up in the public eye |work=[[Toronto Star]] |url=http://www.pressreader.com/similar/283055528255552 |access-date=August 26, 2016 |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211844/https://www.pressreader.com/similar/283055528255552 |url-status=live }}</ref> He could have been dropped off by limousine, but his parents elected he take the [[school bus]] albeit with a [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) car following.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 12, 1979 |title=Schreyer children to get bodyguards |work=The Gazette |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Montreal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z08xAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008%2C1156226 |access-date=November 15, 2015 |quote=A team of plainclothes RCMP officers spring into action the moment Trudeau's two oldest boys leave 24 Sussex Drive and hop on the school bus. The officers do not rest until their charges are returned home. |archive-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303203226/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z08xAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008%2C1156226 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hampson |first=Beatrice |date=November 22, 1979 |title=Pierre-like shrug Justin's reaction |work=Ottawa Citizen |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19791122&id=uKMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=5405,1184015&hl=en |access-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022204023/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19791122&id=uKMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=5405%2C1184015&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 21, 2015 |title=Shannon McMullan was Justin Trudeau's grade school teacher |work=The Manitoulin Expositor |url=http://www.manitoulin.ca/2015/10/21/perivale-gallery-owner-taught-new-pm |url-status=dead |access-date=November 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118012542/http://www.manitoulin.ca/2015/10/21/perivale-gallery-owner-taught-new-pm/ |archive-date=November 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ottawa Citizen1">{{Cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Mark |date=October 18, 2014 |title=Q and A: Justin Trudeau in his own words |work=Ottawa Citizen |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/q-and-a-justin-trudeau-in-his-own-words |url-status=live |access-date=November 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124083959/http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/q-and-a-justin-trudeau-in-his-own-words |archive-date=November 24, 2015}}</ref> This was followed by one year at the private [[Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=MacCharles |first=Tonda |date=October 5, 2000 |title=Spotlight on Justin sparks talk of dynasty |work=Toronto Star |url=http://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/alt.gossip.celebrities/QfESiq63tIA |access-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160317214716/https://groups.google.com/forum/%23!topic/rec.sport.rugby.union/3CRJPEyFCaA#!topic/alt.gossip.celebrities/QfESiq63tIA |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Camp Ahmek">{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Hamish |date=January 25, 2007 |title=Justin Trudeau's Camp Application, 1984 |url=http://secure.flickr.com/photos/bigdaddyhame/368948549 |access-date=November 20, 2015 |website=Flickr |archive-date=January 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/https://secure.flickr.com/photos/bigdaddyhame/368948549 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After his father's retirement in June 1984, his mother remained at her New Edinburgh home while the rest of the family moved into his father's home at 1418 Pine Avenue, Montreal known as [[Cormier House]];<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 31, 1979 |title=Trudeau checks his new house |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19791231&id=VZEjAAAAIBAJ&pg=2756,3392239&hl=en |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022141319/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19791231&id=VZEjAAAAIBAJ&pg=2756%2C3392239&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> the following autumn, he began attending the private [[Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf]], his father's alma mater. The school had begun as a Jesuit school but was non-denominational by the time Justin matriculated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bryden |first=Joan |date=October 18, 2014 |title=Justin Trudeau Memoir Paints Frank Picture of Privileged But Painful Childhood |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/18/justin-trudeau-memoir_n_6008032.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020024344/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/18/justin-trudeau-memoir_n_6008032.html |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |access-date=October 19, 2014 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gatehouse |first=Jonathan |date=October 11, 2011 |title=Justin Trudeau on his own terms |publisher=Maclean's Magazine |url=http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/on-his-terms |url-status=live |access-date=November 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023000651/http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/on-his-terms/ |archive-date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> In 2008, Trudeau said that of all his early family outings he enjoyed camping with his father the most, because "that was where our father got to be just our father&nbsp;– a dad in the woods".<ref name="The Son Also Rises">{{Cite web |last=Solway |first=Diane |title=The Son Also Rises |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/society/2008/09/justin_trudeau?currentPage=1: |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716193158/http://www.wmagazine.com/society/2008/09/justin_trudeau?currentPage=1%3A |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |access-date=April 23, 2011 |publisher=Wmagazine.com}}</ref> During the summers his father would send him and his brothers to Camp Ahmek, on [[Canoe Lake (Nipissing District)|Canoe Lake]] in [[Algonquin Provincial Park]], where he would later work in his first paid job as a [[camp counsellor]].<ref name="Camp Ahmek" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=TSC History |url=http://www.taylorstattencamps.com/tsc-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011221832/http://www.taylorstattencamps.com/tsc-history/ |archive-date=October 11, 2015 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |website=The Taylor Statten Camps |quote=Prime Minister Trudeau, a former Ahmek camper himself (and yes, we taught him the "Ahmek J-stroke"), sent Justin, Alexandre (Sasha) and Michel (Mike) to Ahmek. Both Justin and Mike eventually became counsellors.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Milne |first=Brian |title=Justin Trudeau (7 images) |url=http://4iiiisphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Justin-Trudeau/G00009hbCNuK5mJ4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://4iiiisphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Justin-Trudeau/G00009hbCNuK5mJ4 |archive-date=January 6, 2016 |access-date=November 20, 2015 |website=4iiiis Photography}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 22, 2013 |title=Exclusive photo: Justin Trudeau in his days as camp counsellor |work=The Globe & Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/exclusive-photo-justin-trudeau-in-his-days-as-camp-counsellor/article11443385 |url-status=live |access-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118025538/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/exclusive-photo-justin-trudeau-in-his-days-as-camp-counsellor/article11443385/ |archive-date=November 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 21, 1986 |title=Summer campers hold reunion |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=icAyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3163%2C92310 |access-date=October 28, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304012024/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=icAyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3163%2C92310 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Trudeau and his brothers were given shares in two [[numbered company|numbered companies]] by their father: the first containing a portfolio of securities, from which they receive regular dividends, up to $20,000 per year; and the second which receives royalties from their father's autobiography and other sources, about $10,000 a year.<ref name="TrudeauEstate">{{cite news |last1=McGregor |first1=Glen |title=Justin Trudeau reveals details of his $1.2-million inheritance |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/392961/justin-trudeau-reveals-details-of-his-1-2-million-inheritance/ |access-date=March 26, 2023 |work=Global News |date=February 14, 2013 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034835/https://globalnews.ca/news/392961/justin-trudeau-reveals-details-of-his-1-2-million-inheritance/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of August 2011, the first numbered company had assets of $1.2 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2013 |title=Justin Trudeau admits that he 'won the lottery' with $1.2 million inheritance and successful speaking business |work=canada.com |url=https://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-admits-that-he-won-the-lottery-with-1-2-million-inheritance-and-successful-speaking-business |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017153111/https://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-admits-that-he-won-the-lottery-with-1-2-million-inheritance-and-successful-speaking-business |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Trudeau brothers were also given a country estate of about 50 hectares in the Laurentians with a home designed by the esteemed Canadian architect [[Arthur Erickson]], and the [[Cormier House]] in Montreal.<ref name="TrudeauArchitecture">{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Annmarie |last2=Macdonell |first2=Cameron |title=Making Himself at Home: Cormier, Trudeau, and the Architecture of Domestic Masculinity |journal=Winterthur Portfolio |date=June 2016 |volume=50 |issue=2/3 |pages=151–189 |doi=10.1086/689984 |s2cid=164255409 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689984 |language=en |issn=0084-0416 |access-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034835/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689984 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="TrudeauEstate"/><ref name="CountryEstate">{{cite news |last1=Joncas |first1=Hugo |last2=Langlois |first2=Philippe |last3=Sanchez |first3=Sarah |title=Justin Trudeau et son frère héritent d'un domaine de 2,7M$ |url=https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2016/01/30/justin-trudeau-et-son-frere-heritent-dun-domaine-de-27m-1 |access-date=March 26, 2023 |work=TVA Nouvelles |date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034836/https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2016/01/30/justin-trudeau-et-son-frere-heritent-dun-domaine-de-27m-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The country estate land was estimated to be worth $2.7 million in 2016.<ref name="CountryEstate"/>

===University and early career===
Trudeau has a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature from [[McGill University]] and a Bachelor of Education degree from the [[University of British Columbia]]. In his first year at McGill, Trudeau became acquainted with his future [[Principal Secretary (Canada)|principal secretary]], [[Gerald Butts]], through their mutual friend, Jonathan Ablett.<ref name=HuffPostBio/> Butts invited Trudeau to join the McGill Debating Union.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McCabe |first=Daniel |date=October 22, 2015 |title=Portrait of the PM-designate as a young man |work=McGill News |url=http://publications.mcgill.ca/mcgillnews/2015/10/21/portrait-of-the-pm-designate-as-a-young-man |url-status=dead |access-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120164221/http://publications.mcgill.ca/mcgillnews/2015/10/21/portrait-of-the-pm-designate-as-a-young-man/ |archive-date=November 20, 2015 |quote=Trudeau joined the McGill Debating Union at the invitation of a new acquaintance, Butts, then the debating union's vice-president. The two forged a close friendship at McGill that endures today...}}</ref> They bonded while driving back to Montreal after a debate tournament at [[Princeton University]].<ref name=HuffPostBio/> After graduation, Trudeau stayed in Vancouver where he became a substitute teacher at local schools such as [[Killarney Secondary]] and worked permanently as a French and math teacher at the private [[West Point Grey Academy]]. He became a roommate at the [[List of heritage buildings in Vancouver#Business|Douglas Lodge]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Charlie |date=November 1, 2015 |title=Vancouver building that used to be home to Justin Trudeau damaged after ambulance crashes into limousine |work=[[The Georgia Straight]] |url=https://www.straight.com/news/568821/vancouver-building-used-be-home-justin-trudeau-damaged-after-ambulance-crashes-limousine |url-status=live |access-date=November 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104053446/http://www.straight.com/news/568821/vancouver-building-used-be-home-justin-trudeau-damaged-after-ambulance-crashes-limousine |archive-date=November 4, 2015}}</ref> with fellow West Point Grey Academy faculty member and friend Christopher Ingvaldson.<ref name="HuffPostBio">{{Cite news |last=Raj |first=Althia |date=March 5, 2013 |title=Contender: The Justin Trudeau Story |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/03/05/contender-justin-trudeau-story-ebook-part-1_n_2782493.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622125650/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/03/05/contender-justin-trudeau-story-ebook-part-1_n_2782493.html |archive-date=June 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>"Justin Trudeau described by friends as down-to-earth and sensitive", Canadian Press, October 4, 2000, 03:25; Tonda MacCharles, "Son 'most like Pierre' relishes his privacy; While Liberals talk about dynasty, Justin looks forward to returning to teaching job", ''Kitchener-Waterloo Record'', October 5, 2000, A06; Justin Trudeau, "Something I'm passionate about", ''The Globe and Mail'', February 3, 2001, A11; Gloria Galloway, "Justin Trudeau delivers motivational speech to Ontario teachers", The Canadian Press, April 27, 2001, 14:50; "Students should learn to be brave, Trudeau says", ''Globe and Mail'', April 28, 2001, A9.</ref> From 2002 to 2004, he studied engineering at the [[École Polytechnique de Montréal]], affiliated with [[Université de Montréal]], but did not graduate.<ref>"Justin Trudeau tells education conference he plans return to teaching", Canadian Press, February 28, 2004.</ref> He started a master's degree in environmental geography at McGill but withdrew from the program to seek public office.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news2/politics/canadavotes2011/myelection/ridings/082 "Canada Votes 2011: Ridings: Papineau"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221225444/http://www.cbc.ca/news2/politics/canadavotes2011/myelection/ridings/082/ |date=February 21, 2016 }}, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</ref>

In August 2000, Trudeau attended the Kokanee Summit in [[Creston, British Columbia]], to raise funds in honour of his brother Michel Trudeau and other avalanche victims. After the event, an unsigned editorial in the ''Creston Valley Advance'' (a local newspaper) accused Trudeau of having groped an unnamed female reporter while at the music festival. The editorial stated Trudeau provided a "day-late" apology to the reporter, saying, "If I had known you were reporting for a national paper, I never would have been so forward".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashifa Kassam |date=July 2, 2018 |title=Justin Trudeau 'does not remember' groping reporter at festival |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/02/justin-trudeau-denies-groping-reporter-music-festival-2000-british-columbia |access-date=July 3, 2018 |archive-date=July 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050820/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/02/justin-trudeau-denies-groping-reporter-music-festival-2000-british-columbia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Rebecca Tan |date=July 2, 2018 |title=Justin Trudeau responds to groping allegations: 'I don't remember any negative interactions' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/02/justin-trudeau-responds-to-groping-allegations-i-dont-remember-any-negative-interactions/ |access-date=July 3, 2018 |archive-date=July 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703013756/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/02/justin-trudeau-responds-to-groping-allegations-i-dont-remember-any-negative-interactions/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Trudeau was questioned about the groping incident but said he did not remember any negative incidents from that time. His apology and later statement about the event have been described as hypocritical, while responses to the story have been described as a [[Witch-hunt|witch hunt]] or non-story.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kingston |first=Anne |date=June 27, 2018 |title=Why Justin Trudeau's reported 'Kokanee Grope' really matters |publisher=McLeans |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeaus-reported-kokanee-grope-matters-but-not-for-the-obvious-reason/ |access-date=August 6, 2018 |archive-date=August 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806161334/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeaus-reported-kokanee-grope-matters-but-not-for-the-obvious-reason/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{external media
| float =right 
|width =180px
| video1 =[https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2565464845 "Trudeau delivers the eulogy at his father Pierre Trudeau's funeral".] – The National – CBC/Radio-Canada, October 3, 2000. (12:07 mins). [https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/2000-justin-trudeau-delivers-eulogy-for-his-father-pierre Archive (12:02 mins)]
}}
In October 2000, Trudeau, then 28, emerged as a prominent figure after delivering a eulogy at [[Death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau|his father's state funeral]].<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/2000-justin-trudeau-delivers-eulogy-for-his-father-pierre "Justin Trudeau's eulogy for his father"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/2000-justin-trudeau-delivers-eulogy-for-his-father-pierre |date=January 6, 2016 }}, [[CBC News]]; "Text of the eulogy given by Justin Trudeau at his father's funeral Tuesday", Canadian Press, October 3, 2000.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dube |first=Francine |date=October 4, 2000 |title=Son's eulogy moves thousands to tears: 'It's all up to us': Dignitaries, citizens pay last respects to former PM |page=A1 |work=National Post |id={{ProQuest|354739942}}}}</ref><ref>Andre Picard and Mark Mickleburgh, "'Je t'aime, papa' THE SON: The very private Justin becomes a very public figure", ''The Globe and Mail'', October 4, 2000, p. A1; [[Graham Fraser]], "Trudeau children lead our farewell – Justin's eulogy a towering tribute at father's funeral", ''Toronto Star'', October 4, 2000, p. 1.</ref> The [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC) received numerous calls to rebroadcast the speech after its initial transmission, and leading Quebec politician [[Claude Ryan]] described it as "perhaps&nbsp;... the first manifestation of a dynasty".<ref>Tonda MacCharles, "Spotlight on Justin sparks talk of dynasty – Trudeau's final resting place", ''Toronto Star'', October 5, 2000, pg. 1.</ref> A book issued by the CBC in 2003 included the speech in its list of significant Canadian events from the past fifty years.<ref>Willa McLean, "This just in ...; CBC broadcaster revisits momentous events of past 50 years", ''Kitchener-Waterloo Record'', February 8, 2003, pg. G3.</ref>

In 2007, Trudeau starred in the two-part [[CBC Television]] miniseries ''[[The Great War (2007 film)|The Great War]]'', which gave an account of Canada's participation in the First World War. He portrayed his fifth cousin, twice removed,<ref>[http://wsww.nosorigines.qc.ca/genealogylinker.aspx?act=profile ''Nos Origines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211812/https://www.nosorigines.qc.ca/genealogyLinkerHint.aspx |date=February 9, 2024 }} "Genealogy of Canada" IDs 475064 & 647509.</ref> Major [[Talbot Mercer Papineau]], who was killed on October 30, 1917, during the [[Battle of Passchendaele]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 6, 2007 |title=Justin Trudeau pleased to play war hero |work=Canwest News Service |url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=ebc9fd2f-3f9b-4c33-8c5c-43f804b9bb76 |url-status=dead |access-date=April 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512064059/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=ebc9fd2f-3f9b-4c33-8c5c-43f804b9bb76 |archive-date=May 12, 2014}}</ref> Trudeau is one of several children of former prime ministers who have become Canadian media personalities. The others are [[Ben Mulroney]] (son of [[Brian Mulroney]]), [[Catherine Clark (broadcaster)|Catherine Clark]] (daughter of Joe Clark), and Trudeau's younger brother, Alexandre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=October 5, 2012 |title='There's so much attention on me': Fathers' legacies loom large for children of Canadian prime ministers |work=National Post |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/05/theres-so-much-attention-on-me-fathers-legacies-loom-large-for-children-of-canadian-prime-ministers/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121008074735/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/05/theres-so-much-attention-on-me-fathers-legacies-loom-large-for-children-of-canadian-prime-ministers/ |archive-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Ben Mulroney was a guest at Trudeau's wedding.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Newman |first=Peter C. |date=September 18, 2012 |title=Trudeau's big leap—like father, like son |work=Maclean's Magazine |url=http://www.macleans.ca/2012/09/18/trudeaus-big-leap |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-date=March 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304230004/http://www2.macleans.ca/2012/09/18/trudeaus-big-leap/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Advocacy===
[[File:Justin Trudeau à la Maison des Grands-Parents.jpg|thumb|right|Trudeau (middle) in 2007 with "Maison des Grands-Parents" cofounders Lucille Girard and Jacqueline Desjardins, during the 15th anniversary of the non-profit seniors organization.]]
Trudeau and his family started the Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign for winter sports safety in 2000, two years after his brother Michel died in an avalanche during a ski trip.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stetski |first=Wayne |date=April 2001 |title=The Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign |work=Visions BC Parks Newsletter |url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/publications/visions/visions_apr01.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=April 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927181723/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/publications/visions/visions_apr01.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref> In 2002, Trudeau criticized the Government of British Columbia's decision to stop its funding for a public avalanche warning system.<ref>Carol Harrington, "Trudeau takes on B.C. – Son of late PM decries cuts to public avalanche bulletins", ''Toronto Star'', January 12, 2002, A24.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 12, 2002 |title=Trudeau son decries avalanche-warning cut |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-son-decries-avalanche-warning-cut/article1020771/ |access-date=February 15, 2020 |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155712/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-son-decries-avalanche-warning-cut/article1020771/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 2002 to 2006, Trudeau chaired the [[Katimavik]] youth program, a project started by longtime family friend [[Jacques Hébert (Canadian politician)|Jacques Hébert]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jaimet |first=Kate |date=November 3, 2002 |title=Trudeau retains '60s ideals: Lauds Katimavik's promotion of social causes |page=A6 |work=[[Calgary Herald]] |id={{ProQuest|245011416}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gerson |first=Jen |date=March 21, 2006 |title=Captain Katimavik; Justin Trudeau comes to town to promote youth volunteer program, look cool |page=C4 |work=[[Toronto Star]] |id={{ProQuest|438945155}}}}</ref>

In 2002–03, Trudeau was a panelist on [[CBC Radio]]'s ''[[Canada Reads]]'' series, where he championed ''[[The Colony of Unrequited Dreams]]'' by [[Wayne Johnston (author)|Wayne Johnston]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 19, 2002 |title=CBC Radio picks five books for second round of Canada Reads series |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |id={{ProQuest|359657937}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 22, 2003 |title=Bookmark your calendar: Canada Book Week turns the page on Canada Book Day |page=B13 |work=[[Calgary Herald]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |id={{ProQuest|2263299823}}}}</ref> Trudeau and his brother Alexandre inaugurated the [[Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies]] at the [[University of Toronto]] in April 2004; the centre later became a part of the [[Munk School of Global Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite news |year=2004 |title=Peace and Conflict Studies Centre Named for Trudeau |publisher=University of Toronto Magazine |url=http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/life-on-campus/peace-and-conflict-studies-centre-named-for-trudeau |url-status=live |access-date=April 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728025751/http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/life-on-campus/peace-and-conflict-studies-centre-named-for-trudeau/ |archive-date=July 28, 2013}}</ref> In 2006, he hosted the presentation ceremony for the [[Giller Prize]] for literature.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 27, 2006 |title=Justin Trudeau to host glitzy Giller prize gala |page=D12 |work=[[Waterloo Region Record|The Record]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |id={{ProQuest|267191304}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Beltrame |first=Julian |date=April 24, 2013 |title=Justin Trudeau says lofty expectations have always followed him |publisher=[[CTV News]] |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/justin-trudeau-says-lofty-expectations-have-always-followed-him-1.1237627 |url-status=live |access-date=April 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418061126/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/justin-trudeau-says-lofty-expectations-have-always-followed-him-1.1237627 |archive-date=April 18, 2013}}</ref>

In 2005, Trudeau fought against a proposed $100-million [[zinc]] mine that he argued would poison the [[Nahanni River]], a [[United Nations World Heritage Site]] located in the [[Northwest Territories]]. He was quoted as saying, "The river is an absolutely magnificent, magical place. I'm not saying mining is wrong&nbsp;... but that is not the place for it. It's just the wrong thing to be doing."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bueckert |first=Dennis |date=May 16, 2005 |title=Justin Trudeau denounces mine near park his father created: Vancouver company wants to build massive mine with access through Nahanni watershed |page=D10 |work=The Vancouver Sun}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=We hold the Nahanni in trust for the world. Let's protect it |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/we-hold-the-nahanni-in-trust-for-the-world-lets-protect-it/article4180594/ |date=2005-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209062543/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/we-hold-the-nahanni-in-trust-for-the-world-lets-protect-it/article4180594/ |archive-date=2016-02-09 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |last1=Trudeau |first1=Justin |access-date=April 19, 2013}}</ref>

On September 17, 2006, Trudeau was the master of ceremonies at a Toronto rally organized by [[Roméo Dallaire]] that called for Canadian participation in resolving the [[Darfur crisis]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 13, 2006 |title=Dallaire wants to mobilize young Canadians to support Darfur intervention |agency=The Canadian Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 17, 2006 |title=Trudeau, Dallaire to lead Darfur rally |page=A06 |work=Toronto Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Javed |first=Noor |title=Dallaire says Canada should take leadership role in Darfur |work=CNews |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2006/09/18/1857216.html |url-status=usurped |access-date=April 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628045330/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2006/09/18/1857216.html |archive-date=June 28, 2013 }}</ref>

==Political beginnings==
Trudeau supported the Liberal Party from a young age, offering his support to party leader [[John Turner]] in the [[1988 Canadian federal election|1988 federal election]].<ref>Poirier, Patricia. "Trudeau's son offers his support to Turner", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', September 16, 1988, pg. A8.</ref> Two years later, he defended [[Canadian federalism]] at a student event at the [[Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf]], which he attended.<!-- school no longer Jesuit when he attended per school article; became non-denominational --><ref>{{Cite news |last=Taber |first=Jane |date=October 4, 2000 |title=A teacher of drama, a riveting moment |pages=A3 |work=[[National Post]] |location=Toronto |id={{ProQuest|329715722}}}}</ref>

Following his father's death, Trudeau became more involved with the Liberal Party throughout the 2000s. Along with Olympian [[Charmaine Crooks]], he co-hosted a tribute to outgoing prime minister [[Jean Chrétien]] at the party's [[Liberal Party of Canada leadership convention, 2003|2003 leadership convention]], and was appointed to chair a task force on youth renewal after the party's defeat in the [[2006 Canadian federal election|2006 federal election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chrétien bids adieu to a lifetime in politics |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/chrtien-bids-adieu-to-a-lifetime-in-politics-1.390751 |date=2003-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211933/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/chrtien-bids-adieu-to-a-lifetime-in-politics-1.390751 |archive-date=2024-02-09 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=September 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>Juliet O'Neill, "Justin Trudeau to spearhead youth renewal of Liberal party: Task force", ''National Post'', April 7, 2006, p. A1</ref>
[[File:Justin Trudeau supporting Gerard Kennedy 1, rotated.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Trudeau at the [[2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election|2006 Liberal Party leadership convention]].]]
In October 2006, Trudeau criticized [[Quebec nationalism]] by describing political nationalism generally as an "old idea from the 19th century", "based on a smallness of thought" and not relevant to modern Quebec. This comment was seen as a criticism of [[Michael Ignatieff]], then a candidate in the [[2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election|2006 Liberal Party leadership election]], who was promoting recognition of [[Quebec]] as a nation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Sean |date=October 27, 2006 |title=Sounding like his father, Justin Trudeau takes aim at Michael Ignatieff's idea of Quebec as a 'nation' |page=A01 |work=Toronto Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Perreaux |first=Les |date=October 27, 2006 |title=Eldest Trudeau son takes poke at Ignatieff stand, nationalism: 'Unfortunately, some people these days are wrapped up in this idea of nation for Quebec' |page=A12 |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal}}</ref> Trudeau later wrote a public letter on the subject, describing the idea of Quebec nationhood as "against everything my father ever believed".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Macpherson |first=Son |date=November 2, 2006 |title=Pass the peanut butter, it looks like Ignatieff is toast: His 'nationhood' proposal has stirred political heavies to line up against him |page=A23 |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thompson |first=Elizabeth |date=November 15, 2006 |title=Ignatieff lacks 'wisdom' to lead: Justin Trudeau: Says Gerard Kennedy deserves closer look |page=A14 |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal}}</ref>

Trudeau announced his support for leadership candidate [[Gerard Kennedy]] shortly before the 2006 convention and introduced Kennedy during the candidates' final speeches.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coyne |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Coyne |date=December 2, 2006 |title=Kennedy's message is bold, but risky |work=National Post |url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=702673aa-fed1-4cfb-af94-3ed54d57a57d&k=63212&p=1 |url-status=dead |access-date=September 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614071015/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=702673aa-fed1-4cfb-af94-3ed54d57a57d&k=63212&p=1 |archive-date=June 14, 2014}}</ref> When Kennedy dropped off after the second ballot, Trudeau joined him in supporting the ultimate winner, [[Stéphane Dion]].<ref>Robert Benzie, "All the right moves for Kennedy; 'Kingmaker' becomes Dion's heir apparent", ''Toronto Star'', December 3, 2006, A07.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Corrigan |first=Ed |title=Liberals Elect Stephan Dion |work=The Canadian |url=http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2006/12/19/01277.html |url-status=dead |access-date=September 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518041406/http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2006/12/19/01277.html |archive-date=May 18, 2012}}</ref>

Rumours circulated in early 2007 that Trudeau would run in an [[By-elections to the 39th Canadian Parliament#Outremont|upcoming by-election]] in the Montreal riding of [[Outremont (federal electoral district)|Outremont]]. The Montreal newspaper ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'' reported despite Trudeau's keenness, Liberal leader Stéphane Dion wanted Outremont for a star candidate who could help rebuild the Liberal Party. Instead, Trudeau announced that he would seek the Liberal nomination in the nearby riding of Papineau for the next general election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2007 |title=Quebec Liberal MP Jean Lapierre to resign |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/quebec-liberal-mp-jean-lapierre-to-resign-1.223633 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205142958/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070111/jean_lapierre_070111/20070111?hub=QPeriod |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2011 |publisher=CTV News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Will Justin Trudeau run for Parliament MP? |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/10/will_justin_trudeau_run_for_parliament_mp.html |date=2007-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504072305/http://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/10/will_justin_trudeau_run_for_parliament_mp.html |archive-date=2014-05-04 |url-status=live |work=[[Toronto Star]] |last1=Gordon |first1=Sean |access-date=April 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Liberals welcome Trudeau, bid adieu to Graham |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-welcome-trudeau-bid-adieu-to-graham/article679791/ |date=2007-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620141942/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-welcome-trudeau-bid-adieu-to-graham/article679791/ |archive-date=2021-06-20 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |last1=Taber |first1=Jane |page=A1 |access-date=December 19, 2020}}</ref> The riding, which had been held for 26 years by [[André Ouellet]], a senior minister under his father, had been in Liberal hands for 53 years before falling to the [[Bloc Québécois]] in 2006.<ref name="Papineau profile">{{cite news |title=Spotlight on Montreal ridings: Papineau |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/spotlight-on-montreal-ridings-papineau-1.3243312 |date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121153622/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/spotlight-on-montreal-ridings-papineau-1.3243312 |archive-date=2015-11-21 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=November 21, 2015}}</ref>

On April 29, 2007, Trudeau won the Liberal party's nomination, winning 690 votes to 350 for [[Mary Deros]], a Montreal city councillor, and 220 for [[Basilio Giordano]], the publisher of a local Italian-language newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau wins nomination |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/04/30/trudeau_wins_nomination.html |date=2007-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504071105/http://www.thestar.com/news/2007/04/30/trudeau_wins_nomination.html |archive-date=2014-05-04 |url-status=live |work=[[Toronto Star]] |last1=Woods |first1=Allan |access-date=April 19, 2013}}</ref>

==Opposition (2008–2015)==
[[File:Trudeau headshot 2008.jpg|thumb|upright|2008 Trudeau promotional portrait by [[Jean-Marc Carisse]]]]
Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] called an election for [[2008 Canadian federal election|October 14, 2008]], by which time Trudeau had been campaigning for a year in Papineau. On election day, Trudeau narrowly defeated Bloc Québécois incumbent [[Vivian Barbot]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau pledges loyalty to constituents after Papineau win |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/trudeau-pledges-loyalty-to-constituents-after-papineau-win-1.697527 |date=2008-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211847/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/trudeau-pledges-loyalty-to-constituents-after-papineau-win-1.697527?ref=rss |archive-date=2024-02-09 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=April 18, 2013}}</ref> Following his election win, [[Edward Greenspon]], editor-in-chief of ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', noted that Trudeau would "be viewed as few other rookie MPs are—as a potential future Prime Minister—and scrutinized through that lens".<ref name="The Son Also Rises" />

The [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]] won a [[minority government]] in the 2008 election, and Trudeau entered parliament as a member of the [[Official Opposition (Canada)|Official Opposition]]. Trudeau's first legislative act was a motion that called for the creation of a "national voluntary service policy for young people".<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau looking lonely on left |url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/columnists/2009/02/27/trudeau_looking_lonely_on_left.html |date=2007-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426235103/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/columnists/2009/02/27/trudeau_looking_lonely_on_left.html |archive-date=2014-04-26 |url-status=live |work=[[Toronto Star]] |last1=Hebert |first1=Chantal |access-date=April 21, 2013}}</ref> He later co-chaired the Liberal Party's April 2009 national convention in [[Vancouver]], and in October of the same year he was appointed as the party's critic for multiculturalism and youth.<ref>Jane Taber, "Vancouver to host a Liberal love-in; the knives are to be left at home", ''The Globe and Mail'', April 25, 2009, A4; Terry Pedwell, "Liberals won't change strategy, despite polls, say MPs", October 6, 2009, 12:06.</ref>

In September 2010, he was reassigned as critic for youth, citizenship, and immigration.<ref>"Michael Ignatieff Announces Liberal Critic Team for Return of Parliament", ''States News Service'', September 7, 2010.</ref> During that time, he criticized the government's legislation targeting human smuggling, which he argued would penalize the victims of [[smuggling]].<ref>Douglas Quan and Norma Greenway, "Feds target human smugglers in legislation", ''Windsor Star'', October 22, 2010, pg. C1.</ref>

Trudeau sparked controversy when it was revealed that he earned $1.3 million in public speaking fees from charities and school boards across Canada, $277,000 of which Trudeau received after becoming an MP.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Joan Bryden |date=June 16, 2013 |title=Justin Trudeau promises to 'make it right,' pay back charities for his hefty speaking fees |work=The National Post |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/Canada/justin-trudeau-promises-to-make-it-right-pat-back-hefty-speaking-fees |access-date=April 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211836/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau offers to reimburse organizations $20,000 for speeches |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-to-offer-return-of-20000-speaking-fee/article12588572/ |date=2013-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320181221/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/trudeau-to-offer-return-of-20000-speaking-fee/article12588572/ |archive-date=2023-03-20 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |last1=Silcoff |first1=Sean |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref>

He encouraged an increase of Canada's relief efforts after the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]], and sought more accessible immigration procedures for Haitians moving to Canada in the time of crisis. His own riding includes a significant Haitian community.<ref>"Liberals rally for immediate action in Haiti", ''State News Service'', January 13, 2010; "Liberal MP wants immigration rules relaxed for Haitians", ''Canada AM'', January 22, 2010.</ref>

Trudeau was re-elected in Papineau in the [[2011 Canadian federal election|2011 federal election]], as the Liberal Party fell to third-party standing in the House of Commons with only thirty-four seats. Ignatieff resigned as party leader immediately after the election, and rumours again circulated that Trudeau could run to become his successor. On this occasion, Trudeau said, "I don't feel I should be closing off any options&nbsp;... because of the history packaged into my name, a lot of people are turning to me in a way that&nbsp;... to be blunt, concerns me."<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 5, 2011 |title=Trudeau won't rule out bid for party leadership |page=A3 |work=Ottawa Citizen |id={{ProQuest|865122396}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Delacourt |first=Susan |date=May 7, 2011 |title=Is the party over? Canada's 'natural governing party' faces difficult questions after Monday's shellacking |page=IN1 |work=Toronto Star |id={{ProQuest|865089210}}}}</ref> Weeks after the election, Toronto MP [[Bob Rae]] was selected as the interim leader until the party's leadership convention, which was later decided to be held in April 2013. Rae appointed Trudeau as the party's critic for post-secondary education, youth and amateur sport.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 17, 2011 |title=Trudeau – again? |work=Hamilton Spectator |url=http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/564463--trudeau-again |url-status=dead |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921151235/http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/564463--trudeau-again |archive-date=September 21, 2011}}</ref> After his re-election, he travelled the country hosting fundraisers for charities and the Liberal Party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau pumps up St. John's Liberal fundraiser |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/justin-trudeau-pumps-up-st-john-s-liberal-fundraiser-1.1175875 |date=2012-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615080523/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2012/05/03/nl-justin-trudeau-fundraiser-503.html |archive-date=2012-06-15 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=June 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 17, 2012 |title=Trudeau to speak at local scholarship fundraiser |work=Northern Life |url=http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2012/04/17-justin-tudeau-guest-speaker-sudbury.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225210343/http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2012/04/17-justin-tudeau-guest-speaker-sudbury.aspx |archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawrence MacAulay Fundraising Dinner with Justin Trudeau |url=http://events.liberal.ca/Event/lawrence-macaulay-fundraising-dinner-with-justin-trudeau.aspx?Lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806223758/http://events.liberal.ca/Event/lawrence-macaulay-fundraising-dinner-with-justin-trudeau.aspx?Lang=en |archive-date=August 6, 2010 |access-date=June 9, 2012 |publisher=Liberal Party of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=By-election fundraiser with Justin Trudeau |url=http://www.liberalcalgary.ca/node/153 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630014520/http://www.liberalcalgary.ca/node/153 |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |access-date=June 9, 2012 |publisher=Liberal Calgary}}</ref>

Trudeau wanted to take part in a charity boxing match on behalf of the cancer research fundraising event Fight for the Cure, but was having difficulty finding a Conservative opponent until Conservative senator [[Patrick Brazeau]] agreed when asked on Trudeau's behalf by their mutual hairdresser Stefania Capovilla.<ref name="boxing">{{Cite news |last1=Robert Hiltz |last2=Michael den Tandt |date=April 1, 2012 |title=Justin Trudeau scores major upset in Fight for the Cure boxing match over Conservative Senator Patrick Brazeau |work=[[National Post]] |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/03/31/justin-trudeau-boxing |url-status=live |access-date=April 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120401200713/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/03/31/justin-trudeau-boxing/ |archive-date=April 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Blaze Carlson |first=Kathryn |date=May 9, 2012 |title=Meet Stefania Capovilla, the hairstylist behind these Parliament Hill 'dos |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/meet-stefania-capovilla-the-hairstylist-behind-these-parliament-hill-dos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160105040359/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/meet-stefania-capovilla-the-hairstylist-behind-these-parliament-hill-dos |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=[[National Post]] |quote=Mr. Trudeau had, while sitting in her Somerset salon, lamented his inability to find a formidable Conservative opponent. Ms. Capovilla, who is a stylist for the SunNewsNetwork, recalled the conversation as she did Mr. Brazeau's make-up before an on-camera interview about aboriginal policy. She looked down, saw "those arms," and asked if he would square off against her Liberal friend.}}</ref> The fight took place on March 31, 2012, at the Hampton Inn in Ottawa, and it was broadcast live on [[Sun News Network|Sun News]] with commentary by [[Ezra Levant]] and [[Brian Lilley]]. Trudeau won in the third round; the result was considered an upset.<ref name=boxing/><ref name="CTV boxing">{{Cite news |last=Size |first=John |date=April 2, 2012 |title=Trudeau declines Brazeau boxing rematch as debt paid |publisher=CTV News |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-declines-brazeau-boxing-rematch-as-debt-paid-1.790948 |url-status=live |access-date=April 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220215459/http://www.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-declines-brazeau-boxing-rematch-as-debt-paid-1.790948 |archive-date=December 20, 2013}}</ref>

===Leader of the Liberal Party===
====Earlier speculation====
After Dion's resignation as Liberal leader in 2008, Trudeau's name was mentioned as a potential candidate with polls showing him as a favourite among Canadians for the position.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 29, 2008 |title=Canadians want Trudeau as next Liberal leader |work=Calgary Herald |url=http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ac33a9de-1ebc-47c7-960a-43df367acd07 |url-status=dead |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426140534/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ac33a9de-1ebc-47c7-960a-43df367acd07 |archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2008 |title=Canadians prefer Trudeau: Poll shows young heir is top pick to replace Dion |url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=9b14c1bf-e87a-40a6-8053-564930d09ed9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105100457/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=9b14c1bf-e87a-40a6-8053-564930d09ed9 |archive-date=November 5, 2012 |access-date=April 23, 2011 |publisher=canada.com}}</ref>

However, Trudeau did not enter the race and [[Michael Ignatieff]] was named leader in December 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 9, 2008 |title=Ignatieff secures Liberal leadership as Rae bows out |agency=The Canadian Press |url=http://www.paherald.sk.ca/Politics/2008-12-09/article-172596/Ignatieff-secures-Liberal-leadership-as-Rae-bows-out/1 |url-status=dead |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116115543/http://www.paherald.sk.ca/Politics/2008-12-09/article-172596/Ignatieff-secures-Liberal-leadership-as-Rae-bows-out/1 |archive-date=January 16, 2014}}</ref> After the party's poor showing in the 2011 election, Ignatieff resigned from the leadership and Trudeau was again seen as a potential candidate to lead the party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Liberals field questions about future leaders |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-field-questions-about-future-leaders-1.1078041 |date=2011-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825084032/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/05/04/pol-liberals-leader.html |archive-date=2011-08-25 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=June 9, 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Justin Trudeau at demonstration against tuition fees in Ottawa, 1st Feb 2012.JPG|thumb|left|Trudeau at a demonstration in Ottawa against tuition fees, February 2012]]
Following the election, Trudeau said he was undecided about seeking the leadership;<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 4, 2011 |title=Trudeau undecided on Liberal leadership bid |work=IFpress |url=https://lfpress.com/news/decision2011/2011/05/04/18103526.html |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-date=September 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905135350/http://www.lfpress.com/news/decision2011/2011/05/04/18103526.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> months later on October 12 at [[Wilfrid Laurier University]], he announced he would not seek the post because he had a young family.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hicks |first=Jeff |date=October 12, 2013 |title=Trudeau rules out Liberal leadership bid in 2013 |work=[[Waterloo Region Record]] |url=http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2588487-trudeau-rules-out-liberal-leadership-bid-in-2013 |url-status=live |access-date=November 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142858/http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2588487-trudeau-rules-out-liberal-leadership-bid-in-2013/ |archive-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref> When interim leader [[Bob Rae]], who was also seen as a frontrunner, announced he would not be entering the race in June 2012, Trudeau was hit with a "tsunami" of calls from supporters to reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryden |first=Joan |date=June 15, 2012 |title=Justin Trudeau hit with 'tsunami' of calls to run for Liberals since Bob Rae's withdrawal |work=National Post |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/15/justin-trudeau-hit-with-tsunami-of-calls-to-run-for-liberals-since-bob-raes-withdrawal |url-status=live |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120618132013/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/15/justin-trudeau-hit-with-tsunami-of-calls-to-run-for-liberals-since-bob-raes-withdrawal/ |archive-date=June 18, 2012}}</ref>

Opinion polling conducted by several pollsters showed that if Trudeau were to become leader the Liberal Party would surge in support, from a distant third place to either being competitive with the Conservative Party or leading them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Lorrie |date=June 27, 2012 |title=We're Justin love |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2012/06/27/were-justin-love |access-date=June 9, 2012 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116110857/http://www.torontosun.com/2012/06/27/were-justin-love |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2012, Trudeau stated that he would reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership and would announce his final decision at the end of the summer.<ref name="Considering leadership run">{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau at Stampede mulls Liberal leadership run |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-at-stampede-mulls-liberal-leadership-run-1.1153809 |date=2012-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121125459/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-at-stampede-mulls-liberal-leadership-run-1.1153809 |archive-date=2015-11-21 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |access-date=November 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Not committed to leadership run">{{Cite news |author=Hébert, Chantal |date=May 4, 2012 |title=Hébert: Is Justin Trudeau the Liberals' salvation? |work=[[Toronto Star]] |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/04/hbert_is_justin_trudeau_the_liberals_salvation.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121133504/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/04/hbert_is_justin_trudeau_the_liberals_salvation.html |archive-date=November 21, 2015}}</ref>

====2013 leadership election====
{{Main|2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election}}
On September 26, 2012, multiple media outlets started reporting that Trudeau would launch his leadership bid the following week.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau to run for Liberal leadership |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-to-run-for-liberal-leadership-1.1167760 |date=2012-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928063223/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/09/26/justin-trudeau-liberal-leadership.html |archive-date=2012-09-28 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=September 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau to seek Liberal leadership |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/justin-trudeau-to-seek-liberal-leadership-reports/article4568675 |date=2012-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930005644/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/justin-trudeau-to-seek-liberal-leadership-reports/article4568675/ |archive-date=2012-09-30 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |location=Toronto |access-date=September 28, 2012}}</ref> While Trudeau was seen as a frontrunner for the leadership of the Liberal Party, he was criticized for his perceived lack of substance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau to run for Liberal leadership but is he all splash and no substance? |url=http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/justin-trudeau-run-liberal-leadership-splash-no-substance-154520920.html |date=2012-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929013759/http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/justin-trudeau-run-liberal-leadership-splash-no-substance-154520920.html |archive-date=2012-09-29 |url-status=live |work=[[Yahoo News]] |last1=Radia |first1=Andy |access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Is Justin Trudeau really taken seriously by his own party? |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/second-reading/is-justin-trudeau-really-taken-seriously-by-his-own-party/article4575515/ |date=2012-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001034649/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/second-reading/is-justin-trudeau-really-taken-seriously-by-his-own-party/article4575515/ |archive-date=2012-10-01 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |last1=Caplan |first1=Gerald |location=Toronto |access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref> During his time as a member of Parliament, he spoke little on policy matters and it was not known where he stood on many issues such as the economy and foreign affairs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berthiaume |first=Lee |date=September 28, 2012 |title=Justin Trudeau's good looks expected to cover up other weaknesses |publisher=Canada.com |url=http://o.canada.com/2012/09/28/0929-trudeau-looks/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930033518/http://o.canada.com/2012/09/28/0929-trudeau-looks/ |archive-date=September 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Coyne |first=Andrew |date=September 28, 2012 |title=The son is not the father and the future is not buried in the past |work=National Post |url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/09/28/andrew-coyne-the-son-is-not-the-father-and-the-future-is-not-buried-in-the-past |url-status=dead |access-date=October 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129202634/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/09/28/andrew-coyne-the-son-is-not-the-father-and-the-future-is-not-buried-in-the-past/ |archive-date=January 29, 2013}}</ref> Some strategists and pundits believed the leadership would be the time for Trudeau to be tested on these issues; however, there was also fear within the party that his celebrity status and large lead might deter other strong candidates from entering the leadership race.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reports: Trudeau leadership bid imminent |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2012/09/26/reports-trudeau-leadership-bid-imminent |date=2012-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025300/https://ipolitics.ca/2012/09/26/reports-trudeau-leadership-bid-imminent/ |archive-date=2015-11-17 |url-status=live |last1=Bryden |first1=Joan |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Berthiaume |first=Lee |date=September 28, 2012 |title=Trudeau leadership bid stirs talk of Liberal 'coronation' |work=Postmedia News |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/Trudeau+could+narrow+field+hopefuls/7309794/story.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929203358/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/Trudeau%2Bcould%2Bnarrow%2Bfield%2Bhopefuls/7309794/story.html |archive-date=September 29, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau seen by senior Liberals as a risk worth taking |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-seen-by-senior-liberals-as-a-risk-worth-taking-1.1127617 |date=2012-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001113126/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/09/30/pol-trudeau-leadership-liberals.html |archive-date=2012-10-01 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=MacKinnon |first1=Leslie |access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref>

On October 2, 2012, Trudeau held a rally in Montreal to launch his bid for the leadership of the Liberal Party.<ref name="The Wall Street Journal">{{cite news |title=The Wall Street Journal – Justin Trudeau Poised to Step into Liberal Race in Canada |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/canadarealtime/2012/10/02/justin-trudeau-poised-to-step-into-liberal-race-in-canada/ |date=2012-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006220441/https://blogs.wsj.com/canadarealtime/2012/10/02/justin-trudeau-poised-to-step-into-liberal-race-in-canada/ |archive-date=2012-10-06 |url-status=live |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |last1=Vieira |first1=Paul |access-date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> The core people on his campaign team were considered longtime friends, and all in their 30s and 40s. His senior advisor was Gerald Butts, the former president of [[WWF-Canada]] who had previously been principal secretary to former Ontario premier [[Dalton McGuinty]]. Other senior aides included campaign manager [[Katie Telford]], and policy advisors Mike McNeir and [[Robert Asselin]], who had all worked for recent Liberal Party leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LeBlanc |first=Daniel |date=March 1, 2013 |title=Inside Justin Trudeau's war room |work=The Globe and Mail |location=Toronto |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/inside-justin-trudeaus-war-room/article9242414/?page=all |url-status=live |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930002337/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/inside-justin-trudeaus-war-room/article9242414/?page=all |archive-date=September 30, 2015}}</ref> His brother Alexandre also took a break from his documentary work to be a senior advisor on Trudeau's campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 22, 2012 |title=The other brother: Sacha, the 'apolitical' one, joins Justin Trudeau's campaign team |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/the-other-brother-sacha-the-apolitical-one-joins-justin-trudeaus-campaign-team |url-status=live |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121029104438/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/22/the-other-brother-sacha-the-apolitical-one-joins-justin-trudeaus-campaign-team/ |archive-date=October 29, 2012}}</ref>

During the leadership campaign, three by-elections were held on [[By-elections to the 41st Canadian Parliament#November 26, 2012 by-elections|November 26, 2012]]. The riding [[Calgary Centre]] was expected to be a three-way race between the Conservatives, Liberals and Green Party. A week before by-election day [[Sun Media]] reported on comments Trudeau had made in a 2010 interview with [[Télé-Québec]], in which he said, "Canada isn't doing well right now because it's Albertans who control our community and socio-democratic agenda." Trudeau's campaign advisor said that the comments were being brought up now because of the close race in Calgary Centre.<ref name="alta">{{cite news |title=Sun commentary on Télé-Québec interview |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-campaign-forced-to-address-2010-comments-on-alberta-1.1241750 |date=2012-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102111331/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/11/22/pol-trudeau-tele-quebec-comments-alberta-quebec.html |archive-date=2013-01-02 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=January 2, 2013}}</ref> The following day, Trudeau apologized, saying he was wrong to use "Alberta" as "[[shorthand]]" in referring to Stephen Harper's government.<ref name="alta2">{{Cite news |last=Bailey |first=Ian |date=November 23, 2012 |title=Globe reports on Trudeau apology |work=The Globe and Mail |location=Toronto |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-apologizes-for-saying-alberta-is-controlling-our-community/article5592936 |url-status=live |access-date=January 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227172130/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-apologizes-for-saying-alberta-is-controlling-our-community/article5592936/ |archive-date=December 27, 2012}}</ref> The Conservatives held onto Calgary Centre in the by-election by less than 1,200 votes. Liberal candidate [[Harvey Locke]] said he lost the by-election on his own and that comments made by Trudeau did not influence the outcome.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walton |first=Dawn |date=November 27, 2012 |title=Tories retain Calgary Centre as Liberals, Greens split vote |work=The Globe and Mail |location=Toronto |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-retain-calgary-centre-as-liberals-greens-split-vote/article5718001 |url-status=live |access-date=April 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127164157/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-retain-calgary-centre-as-liberals-greens-split-vote/article5718001/ |archive-date=November 27, 2012}}</ref>

Fellow leadership candidate [[Marc Garneau]], seen as Trudeau's main challenger in the race, criticized Trudeau for not releasing enough substantial policy positions. Garneau called on him to release more detailed policies before members and supporters begin to vote.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McPharland |first=Kelly |date=February 14, 2013 |title=Kelly McParland: Marc Garneau challenges Justin Trudeau to take a stand. Any stand. |work=National Post |url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/02/14/kelly-mcparland-marc-garneau-challenges-justin-trudeau-to-take-a-stand-any-stand/ |url-status=dead |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411111706/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/02/14/kelly-mcparland-marc-garneau-challenges-justin-trudeau-to-take-a-stand-any-stand/ |archive-date=April 11, 2013}}</ref> Garneau later challenged Trudeau to a one-on-one debate, and said that if Trudeau could not defend his ideas in a debate against him, he wouldn't be able to do so against Prime Minister Harper.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Visser |first=Josh |date=February 25, 2013 |title=Marc Garneau challenges 'untested' Liberal frontrunner Justin Trudeau to one-on-one debate |work=National Post |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/02/25/marc-garneau-challenges-untested-liberal-frontrunner-justin-trudeau-to-one-on-one-debate |url-status=live |access-date=March 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140504043645/http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/02/25/marc-garneau-challenges-untested-liberal-frontrunner-justin-trudeau-to-one-on-one-debate |archive-date=May 4, 2014}}</ref> Trudeau clashed in debates with challenger [[Joyce Murray]], who was the only Liberal leadership candidate to speak out strongly in favour of electing the House of Commons with a system of [[proportional representation]]. She challenged Trudeau over his support for a [[preferential ballot]] voting system.<ref name="Murray and Trudeau">{{cite news |title=Liberal MPs Murray and Garneau challenge frontrunner Trudeau |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberal-mps-murray-and-garneau-challenge-frontrunner-trudeau-1.1329327 |date=2013-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121141326/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberal-mps-murray-and-garneau-challenge-frontrunner-trudeau-1.1329327 |archive-date=2015-11-21 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |author=Mas, Susana |access-date=November 21, 2015}}</ref>

On March 13, 2013, Garneau dropped out of the leadership race, saying that polling conducted by his campaign showed he would be unable to defeat Trudeau.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hebert |first=Chanatal |date=March 13, 2013 |title=Marc Garneau's withdrawal from Liberal leadership race saves himself humiliation: Hébert |work=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/03/13/marc_garneaus_withdrawal_from_liberal_leadership_race_saves_himself_humiliation_hbert.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315064132/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/03/13/marc_garneaus_withdrawal_from_liberal_leadership_race_saves_himself_humiliation_hbert.html |archive-date=March 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Berthiaume |first=Lee |date=March 13, 2013 |title='The game is long': Liberals still in leadership fight for votes after Marc Garneau bows out |work=National Post |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/03/13/the-game-is-long-liberals-still-in-leadership-race-say-contest-isnt-done-quite-yet-after-marc-garneau-bows-out |access-date=March 15, 2013 |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211845/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

With Joyce Murray, the last challenger, receiving significant press time, more Liberal politicians and public figures declared themselves for Trudeau. Trudeau was declared the winner of the leadership election on April 14, 2013, garnering 80.1% of 30,800 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Berthiaume |date=April 14, 2013 |title=Justin Trudeau elected Liberal leader in landslide victory |work=National Post |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/04/14/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-landslide-victory/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20130416090044/http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/04/14/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-landslide-victory/ |archive-date=April 16, 2013}}</ref> Joyce Murray finished in second place with 10.2%, ahead of Martha Hall Findlay's 5.7%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau elected Liberal leader in a landslide |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-a-landslide/article11189244 |date=2013-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209102616/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-elected-liberal-leader-in-a-landslide/article11189244/ |archive-date=2016-02-09 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |location=Toronto}}</ref> Trudeau had lost only five ridings, all to Murray and all in BC.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 15, 2013 |title=Liberal leadership race – results map |work=Canadian Election Atlas |url=http://canadianelectionatlas.blogspot.ca/2013/04/liberal-leadership-race-results-map.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930091653/http://canadianelectionatlas.blogspot.ca/2013/04/liberal-leadership-race-results-map.html |archive-date=September 30, 2015}}</ref>

=====Early leadership (2013–2015)=====
[[File:Justin Trudeau - Alex Guibord.jpg|thumb|Trudeau campaigning in Toronto's [[Trinity—Spadina (federal electoral district)|Trinity—Spadina]] riding in support of Liberal candidate [[Adam Vaughan]], June 2014<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2014 |title=Photo: Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau campaigns in Toronto's Trinity–Spadina riding in support of Liberal candidate Adam Vaughan. |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexguibord/15169932029/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexguibord/15169932029/ |archive-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref>]]
In the days following his victory in the leadership race, snapshot polls recorded a surge in support for the Liberal party.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 16, 2013 |title=Poll shows Justin Trudeau Liberals far ahead 38 |newspaper=Toronto Sun |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/04/16/poll-shows-justin-trudeau-liberals-far-ahead |access-date=April 21, 2013 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513102358/http://www.torontosun.com/2013/04/16/poll-shows-justin-trudeau-liberals-far-ahead |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, Trudeau chose to give up his seat at the [[Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela|funeral of Nelson Mandela]], in deference to [[Irwin Cotler]] as representative of the [[Liberal Party of Canada]], because of Cotler's work for and with [[Nelson Mandela]] in fighting [[apartheid]].<ref>CTV News Network, "Memorial of Nelson Mandela", December 10, 2013.</ref>

During the leadership campaign, Trudeau pledged to park all his assets, exclusive of real estate holdings, into a [[blind trust]] which is atypical for opposition MPs, including leaders. According to documents obtained by the ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', he fulfilled the pledge in July 2013 when the blind trust was set up by [[Bank of Montreal|BMO Private Banking]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGregor |first=Glen |date=August 1, 2013 |title=Justin Trudeau voluntarily moves personal investments into blind trust, fulfilling campaign promise |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |url=http://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-moves-personal-investments-into-blind-trust |url-status=live |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026132921/http://o.canada.com/news/justin-trudeau-moves-personal-investments-into-blind-trust |archive-date=October 26, 2015}}</ref>

Trudeau launched an internet video the week before the 2014 Liberal party convention titled "An economy that benefits us all" in which he narrates his economic platform. He said that Canada's debt to GDP ratios have come down in recent years and now it's time for Ottawa to "step up".<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 21, 2014 |title=John Ivison: Why Justin Trudeau's new guiding light could have a dramatic impact on Canadian public policy |work=National Post |url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/02/21/john-ivison-why-justin-trudeaus-new-guiding-light-could-have-a-dramatic-impact-on-canadian-public-policy |url-status=dead |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140222035446/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/02/21/john-ivison-why-justin-trudeaus-new-guiding-light-could-have-a-dramatic-impact-on-canadian-public-policy/ |archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref>

====2015 federal election====
{{Main|2015 Canadian federal election}}
[[File:Justin Trudeau at the Vancouver LGBTQ Pride 2015.jpg|thumb|Trudeau at the [[Vancouver Pride Festival]], shortly after launching his election campaign]]
On October 19, 2015, after the longest official campaign in over a century, Trudeau led the Liberals to a decisive victory in the [[2015 Canadian federal election|federal election]]. The Liberals won 184 of the 338 seats, with 39.5% of the popular vote, for a strong majority government;<ref name="cbc.ca">{{Cite news |title=Federal election results 2015 |date=October 20, 2015 |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/results-2015/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022233012/http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/results-2015/ |archive-date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Night Results – National |url=http://enr.elections.ca/National.aspx?lang=e |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023060206/http://enr.elections.ca/National.aspx?lang=e |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |access-date=October 23, 2015 |website=Élections Canada }}</ref> a gain of 150 seats compared to the 2011 federal election.<ref name="cbc.ca" />

This was the second-best performance in the party's history. The Liberals won mostly on the strength of a solid performance in the eastern half of the country. In addition to taking all of Atlantic Canada and Toronto,<ref name="cbc.ca" /> they won 40 seats in Quebec—the most that the Liberals had won in that province since Trudeau's father led them to a near-sweep of the province in 1980, and also the first time since then that the Liberals won a majority of Quebec's seats in an election. The 150-seat gain was the biggest numerical increase for a single party since Confederation and marked the first time that a party had rebounded from third place in the Commons to a majority government.

In addition to the appeal of his party's platform, Trudeau's success has been credited to his performance both on the campaign trail and televised [[Canadian leaders' debates|leaders' debates]] exceeding the lowered expectations created by Conservative advertisements and conservative media outlets.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Campbell |first=Bradley |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Stephen Harper underestimated Justin Trudeau, but it was the mocking way he did it that cost him the election |work=PRI |url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-10-20/stephen-harper-underestimated-justin-trudeau-it-was-mocking-way-he-did-it-cost |url-status=live |access-date=October 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021203300/http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-10-20/stephen-harper-underestimated-justin-trudeau-it-was-mocking-way-he-did-it-cost |archive-date=October 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Graeme |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Graeme Hamilton: Justin Trudeau's stunning victory for the Liberals should finally silence his doubters |work=National Post |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/graeme-hamilton-justin-trudeau-emerges-victorious-from-an-election-campaign-that-should-finally-silence-his-doubters |url-status=live |access-date=October 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20151119122258/http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/graeme-hamilton-justin-trudeau-emerges-victorious-from-an-election-campaign-that-should-finally-silence-his-doubters |archive-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau's rise shows the benefits of being underestimated |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-justin-trudeau-michelle-gagnon-1.3259553 |date=2015-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029081255/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-justin-trudeau-michelle-gagnon-1.3259553 |archive-date=2015-10-29 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Gagnon |first1=Michelle |access-date=October 21, 2015}}</ref>

[[File:RealChange.png|thumb|left|The Trudeau Liberals slogan during the 2015 campaign was "Real Change"]]
Trudeau declared victory shortly after [[CBC News]] projected that he had won a majority government. He began his speech with a reference to former Liberal prime minister [[Wilfrid Laurier]]'s "sunny ways" ({{langx|fr|link=no|voies ensoleillées}}) approach to bringing Canadians together despite their differences. According to Trudeau, Laurier "knew that politics can be a positive force, and that's the message Canadians have sent today".<ref>{{Cite web |title=For the record: A full transcript of Justin Trudeau's speech |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/justin-trudeau-for-the-record-we-beat-fear-with-hope |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023102847/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/justin-trudeau-for-the-record-we-beat-fear-with-hope/ |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |access-date=October 23, 2015 |website=Maclean's Magazine|date=October 20, 2015 }}</ref> Harper announced his resignation as the leader of the Conservative Party that night.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2015 |title=Stephen Harper resigns as Conservative leader |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/stephen-harper-resigns-as-conservative-leader-1.2617950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020035634/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/stephen-harper-resigns-as-conservative-leader-1.2617950 |archive-date=October 20, 2015 |access-date=October 20, 2015 |website=CTVNews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blackwell |first=Tom |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Canadian election 2015 hands Justin Trudeau and the Liberals a majority government |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/canadian-election-2015-liberals-jump-to-early-lead-as-polls-close-in-newfoundland-and-labrador |url-status=live |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20151120044540/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/canadian-election-2015-liberals-jump-to-early-lead-as-polls-close-in-newfoundland-and-labrador |archive-date=November 20, 2015 |access-date=October 23, 2015 |website=National Post}}</ref>

==Prime Minister of Canada (2015–2025)==
{{Main|Premiership of Justin Trudeau}}

===Swearing-in===
[[File:Swearing-In Day Trudeau Cabinet.jpg|thumb|The [[29th Canadian Ministry]] after being sworn into office, November 4, 2015]]
Trudeau and the rest of the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] were sworn in by [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[David Johnston (governor general)|David Johnston]] on November 4, 2015. He said that his first legislative priority was to lower taxes for middle-income Canadians and raise taxes for the top 1% of income earners after parliament was reconvened on December 3, 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau signals new style on 1st day as Canada's 23rd prime minister |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743 |date=2015-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104221759/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743 |archive-date=2015-11-04 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Harris |first1=Kathleen |access-date=November 5, 2015}}</ref> Trudeau also issued a statement promising to rebuild relations with [[Indigenous peoples in Canada]] and run an open, ethical and transparent government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Trudeau on his cabinet and its promise to Canadians |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/prime-minister-justin-trudeau-on-his-cabinet-and-its-promise-to-canadians/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110015306/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/prime-minister-justin-trudeau-on-his-cabinet-and-its-promise-to-canadians/ |archive-date=November 10, 2015 |access-date=November 5, 2015 |website=Maclean's|date=November 4, 2015 }}</ref> On November 5, 2015, during the first Liberal caucus meeting since forming a majority government, the party announced that it would reinstate the mandatory long-form census that had been scrapped in 2010, effective with the 2016 census.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lee Berthiaume |last2=Kathryn May |title=The long-form census is back – with penalties still possible if you ignore it |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/the-long-form-census-is-back-in-time-for-2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106131721/http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/the-long-form-census-is-back-in-time-for-2016 |archive-date=November 6, 2015 |website=Ottawa Citizen|date=November 5, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Liberals can restore long-form census for 2016, if they act quickly, observers say |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/liberals-can-restore-long-form-census-for-2016-if-they-act-quickly-observers-say-1.3291284 |date=2015-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106071707/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/liberals-can-restore-long-form-census-for-2016-if-they-act-quickly-observers-say-1.3291284 |archive-date=2015-11-06 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]]}}</ref>

===Domestic policy===
{{Main|Domestic policy of the Justin Trudeau government}}
[[File:Women_Deliver_2019_Conference_Location_Announcement_(34569966804).jpg|thumb|Trudeau with [[Maryam Monsef]] and [[Marie-Claude Bibeau]] at the [[Women Deliver|2019 Women Deliver event]] in Vancouver.]]
The Trudeau government's [[economic policy]] initially relied on increased tax revenues to pay for increased government spending. While the government has not balanced the budget, it reduced Canada's [[debt-to-GDP ratio]] every year until 2020, when the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|COVID-19 pandemic]] hit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonokoski |first=Mark |date=September 17, 2020 |title=BONOKOSKI: Liberals' favourite debt-to-GDP tool now totally useless |url=https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/bonokoski-liberals-favourite-debt-to-gdp-tool-now-totally-useless |access-date=November 17, 2020 |website=torontosun |language=en-CA |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130233107/https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/bonokoski-liberals-favourite-debt-to-gdp-tool-now-totally-useless |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Leuprecht |first=Christian |date=December 1, 2020 |title=Liberal government is placing a daring fiscal bet with its massive deficit spending plan |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-deficit-debt-spending-pandemic-canada-1.5813479 |access-date=May 31, 2021 |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414062506/https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-deficit-debt-spending-pandemic-canada-1.5813479 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau's self-described progressive and feminist [[social policy]] has included strong advocacy for abortion rights.<ref name="HeatherSaul">{{Cite news |last=Saul |first=Heather |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Justin Trudeau: The rise of the feminist and pro-choice Canadian Prime Minister who wants to legalise marijuana 'right away' |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/justin-trudeau-the-self-declared-feminist-and-pro-choice-prime-minister-of-canada-who-wants-to-a6700976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033911/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/justin-trudeau-the-self-declared-feminist-and-pro-choice-prime-minister-of-canada-who-wants-to-a6700976.html |archive-date=November 17, 2015}}</ref> His government introduced the bill that made [[conversion therapy|conversion therapies]] illegal in Canada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keith |first=Morgan |date=January 8, 2022 |title=Following unanimous parliamentary approval in 2021, conversion therapy is now illegal in Canada |publisher=Business Insider |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/following-unanimous-parliamentary-approval-in-2021-conversion-therapy-is-now-illegal-in-canada/ar-AASyFoT |access-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118224735/https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/following-unanimous-parliamentary-approval-in-2021-conversion-therapy-is-now-illegal-in-canada/ar-AASyFoT |url-status=live }}</ref>

Before winning the 2015 election, Trudeau promised to accept 50,000 refugees from Syria and Iraq by the end of 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Syrian refugees in Canada could hit 50,000 next year, says McCallum |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canada-syrian-refugees-2016-1.3374069 |website=[[CBC News]] |access-date=19 February 2025 |date=20 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Syrians">{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau's promise to take 25,000 Syrian refugees this year 'problematic' |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-syria-refugees-settlement-groups-1.3291959 |date=2015-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413090016/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-syria-refugees-settlement-groups-1.3291959 |archive-date=2019-04-13 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=January 31, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Immigrants2018">{{Cite news |last1=Kathleen Harris |last2=Chris Hall |last3=Peter Zimonjic |title=Canada to admit nearly 1 million immigrants over next 3 years |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/immigration-canada-2018-1.4371146 |date=November 1, 2017 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |archive-date=November 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118155849/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/immigration-canada-2018-1.4371146 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, Trudeau's advisors recommended drastically increasing immigration levels to stimulate the economy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blatchford |first1=Andy |title=Government's economic advisory council unveils plans to boost household income $15,000, by 2030 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/morneau-economic-advisory-panel-1.3814725 |website=[[CBC News]] |access-date=19 February 2025 |date=20 October 2016}}</ref> Despite warnings about the impact of rapid population growth on [[Affordable housing in Canada|housing]] and [[Public services in Canada|services]], Trudeau's government increased targets each year, reaching almost 1 million newcomers (permanent and temporary residents) in both 2022 and 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230322/dq230322f-eng.htm | title=The Daily — Canada's population estimates: Record-high population growth in 2022 | date=March 22, 2023 | access-date=May 31, 2024 | archive-date=June 1, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601103953/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230322/dq230322f-eng.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Statistics Canada reports record population growth, more than 430,000 in Q3 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-record-population-growth-1.7063692 |date=2023-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611093815/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-record-population-growth-1.7063692 |archive-date=2024-06-11 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |publisher=[[The Canadian Press]] |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ottawa warned about impact of high immigration on housing in 2022: Documents |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10218390/immigration-housing-canada-ircc/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2024-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531174232/https://globalnews.ca/news/10218390/immigration-housing-canada-ircc/ |archive-date=2024-05-31 |url-status=live |last1=Al Mallees |first1=Nojoud |publisher=[[The Canadian Press]] |access-date=May 31, 2024}}</ref> Trudeau initiated measures to combat housing inflation such as banning foreign buyers and creating the Housing Accelerator fund but asserted in a May 2024 interview that "housing needs to [[Home equity|retain its value]]."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://financialpost.com/real-estate/justin-trudeau-home-prices-too-high|title=Justin Trudeau says home prices have climbed 'far too high' |work=Financial Post|access-date=May 31, 2024|archive-date=February 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211131922/https://financialpost.com/real-estate/justin-trudeau-home-prices-too-high|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trudeau wants to maintain home prices while pushing affordability. Is it possible? – National |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10531736/trudeau-housing-prices-affordability/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531174231/https://globalnews.ca/news/10531736/trudeau-housing-prices-affordability/#:~:text=Pasalis%20said%20the%20notion%20that,a%20long%20time%20to%20achieve.&text=%E2%80%9CIf%20prices%20don%27t%20appreciate,But%20it%27s%20very%20unlikely.%E2%80%9D |archive-date=2024-05-31 |url-status=live |last1=Rana |first1=Uday |access-date=May 31, 2024}}</ref> In October 2024, as Canadians endured a cost of living and housing crisis, and Trudeau's unpopularity grew, he announced cuts to immigration targets in a video message.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawson |first1=Tyler |title=Canada's high immigration is driving down per-capita GDP: report |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canada-immigration-per-capita-gdp |website=[[National Post]] |access-date=19 February 2025 |date=27 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |last=Trudeau |first=Justin |date=17 November 2024 |title=Why Canada's changing its immigration system |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOB7-dbYuCc |access-date=19 February 2025 |archive-date=March 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301092737/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOB7-dbYuCc |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Canada's housing affordability crisis may persist for years despite rate cuts |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canadas-housing-affordability-crisis-may-persist-years-despite-rate-cuts-2024-09-30/ |date=2024-09-30 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Canada's worsening housing crisis adds to 'unpopular' Justin Trudeau's woes |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends/canadas-worsening-housing-crisis-adds-to-unpopular-justin-trudeaus-woes/articleshow/114778022.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times |date=October 30, 2024}}</ref> This had little effect on Trudeau's approval rating, which had plummeted from 65% in 2016 to 22% in December 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hatton |first1=Celia |title=How Canada's immigration debate soured - and helped seal Trudeau's fate |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8rjzr7vexmo |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=19 February 2025 |date=8 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Magnay |first1=Diana |title=Justin Trudeau was once Canada's golden boy - but he steps down with his popularity in shreds |url=https://news.sky.com/story/justin-trudeau-was-once-canadas-golden-boy-but-he-steps-down-with-his-popularity-in-shreds-13284631 |work=Sky News |date=6 January 2025}}</ref> Reports released in early 2025, suggested population growth would not be significantly slowed even with the Trudeau government's proposed cuts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bartlett |first1=Randall |last2=Valencia |first2=LJ |title=Is Canada's Population Slowing According to Plan? |url=https://www.desjardins.com/qc/en/savings-investment/economic-studies/canada-population-feb-6-2025.html |website=[[Desjardins Group|Desjardins]] |access-date=19 February 2025 |date=6 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopper |first1=Tristin |title=First Reading: Trudeau government already missing targets on pledge to bring down immigration |url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/trudeau-government-already-missing-targets-on-pledge-to-bring-down-immigration |website=[[National Post]] |access-date=19 February 2025 |date=12 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=D'Andrea |first1=Aaron |title=Canada's population could reach 80M in 50 years, despite immigration cut: report |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10969637/canada-population-growth-immigration/ |website=[[Global News]] |access-date=19 February 2025 |date=21 January 2025 |archive-date=February 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224154849/https://globalnews.ca/news/10969637/canada-population-growth-immigration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, Trudeau touted his Child Benefit Program, claiming it had lifted 400,000 children out of poverty.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/does-the-canada-child-benefit-actually-reduce-child-poverty.pdf |title=Does the Canada Child Benefit Actually Reduce Child Poverty? |last=Sarlo |first=Christopher A. |date=2021 |publisher=Fraser Institute |access-date=September 12, 2024 |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531174234/https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/does-the-canada-child-benefit-actually-reduce-child-poverty.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2024, food bank usage was at an all-time high and more working people than ever were using food banks.<ref>{{cite news |title=As cost of living soars, millions of Canadians are turning to food banks |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/food-bank-use-highest-in-canadian-history-hunger-count-2023-report-1.7006464 |date=2023-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531174231/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/food-bank-use-highest-in-canadian-history-hunger-count-2023-report-1.7006464 |archive-date=2024-05-31 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Schmunk |first1=Rhianna |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> This occurred amidst [[World food crises (2022–2023)|global food crises]] at the time.

Canada introduced the right to [[Voluntary euthanasia|medically-assisted dying]] in 2016.<ref name="CBC">{{cite news |title=Doctor-assisted dying bill restricted to adults facing 'foreseeable' death |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-physician-assisted-death-law-1.3535193 |date=2016-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530013742/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-physician-assisted-death-law-1.3535193 |archive-date=2017-05-30 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Harris |first1=Kathleen |access-date=November 3, 2019}}</ref> and [[Cannabis in Canada|legalized cannabis for recreational use]] in 2018.<ref name="WEED">{{Cite news |last=Tasker |first=John Paul |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Trudeau says pot will be legal as of Oct. 17, 2018 |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cannabis-pot-legalization-bill-1.4713839 |access-date=October 24, 2018 |archive-date=June 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621014418/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cannabis-pot-legalization-bill-1.4713839 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, Trudeau announced the creation of a national [[Child care in Canada|child care]] plan with the intention of reducing [[day care]] fees for parents down to $10 a day per child within five years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ljunggren |first=David |date=April 19, 2021 |title=Canada to put up C$30 billion for long-awaited national childcare program |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-put-up-c30-bln-long-awaited-national-childcare-program-2021-04-19/ |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414065147/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-put-up-c30-bln-long-awaited-national-childcare-program-2021-04-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2022, the Trudeau government announced that Canada would admit [[Immigration to Canada|500,000 immigrants per year]] by 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ottawa reveals plan to welcome 500,000 immigrants per year by 2025 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-immigration-500000-2025-1.6636661 |date=2022-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218030634/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-immigration-500000-2025-1.6636661 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=December 15, 2023}}</ref>

His environmental policy included introducing new commitments to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30% before 2030, and to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.<ref name="LucasPowers">{{cite news |title=Trudeau's claim that Canada is 'on track' to meet 2030 climate target is misleading |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-climate-change-2030-fact-check-1.5295961 |date=2019-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506181210/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-climate-change-2030-fact-check-1.5295961 |archive-date=2023-05-06 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Powers |first1=Lucas |access-date=November 17, 2020}}</ref> His main tool for reaching this target is a federal [[Carbon pricing in Canada|carbon pricing]] policy.<ref name="iec">{{Cite news |date=July 17, 2019 |title=Innovation Energy: Canada leads the way in carbon capture as more governments put a price on CO<sub>2</sub> |publisher=Financial Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc |url=https://business.financialpost.com/technology/innovation-energy-canada-leads-the-way-in-carbon-capture-as-more-governments-put-a-price-on-co2 |access-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127022604/https://business.financialpost.com/technology/innovation-energy-canada-leads-the-way-in-carbon-capture-as-more-governments-put-a-price-on-co2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau's parliament also adopted legislation for marine conservation,<ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |last=Lake |first=Holly |date=November 9, 2018 |title=Environment and economy face off in battle over marine-protection bill |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2018/11/09/environment-and-economy-face-off-in-battle-over-marine-protection-bill/ |access-date=May 31, 2019 |publisher=[[iPolitics]] |archive-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601171527/https://ipolitics.ca/2018/11/09/environment-and-economy-face-off-in-battle-over-marine-protection-bill/ |url-status=live }}</ref> banning six common [[single-use plastic]] products,<ref name="Hypocrisy">{{cite web |title='Pile of hypocrisy': Trudeau called out for single-use plastic forks in photo |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/pile-of-hypocrisy-trudeau-called-out-for-single-use-plastic-forks-in-photo-1.4481728 |website=[[CTVNews]] |date=2019-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418140602/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/pile-of-hypocrisy-trudeau-called-out-for-single-use-plastic-forks-in-photo-1.4481728 |archive-date=2023-04-18 |url-status=live |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Jeremiah |access-date=July 3, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and strengthening environmental impact assessments.<ref name="JoshKElliott">{{Cite news |last=Josh K. |first=Elliott |date=June 21, 2019 |title=Why critics fear Bill C-69 will be a 'pipeline killer' |work=Global News |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5416659/what-is-bill-c69-pipelines/ |access-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418101247/https://globalnews.ca/news/5416659/what-is-bill-c69-pipelines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau pledged to ban single use plastic in 2019. In 2022 his government announced a ban on producing and importing single use plastic from December 2022. The sale of those items will be banned from December 2023 and the export from 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Newburger |first1=Emma |title=Canada is banning single-use plastics, including grocery bags and straws |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/21/canada-is-banning-single-use-plastics-by-the-end-of-the-year-.html |access-date=July 4, 2022 |agency=CNBC |date=June 21, 2022 |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418151812/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/21/canada-is-banning-single-use-plastics-by-the-end-of-the-year-.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Trudeau is in favour of oil and gas pipelines to bring Canadian fossil fuel resources to foreign markets.<ref name="Swooning">{{cite news |title=Stop swooning over Justin Trudeau. The man is a disaster for the planet – Bill McKibben |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/apr/17/stop-swooning-justin-trudeau-man-disaster-planet |date=2017-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418101247/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/apr/17/stop-swooning-justin-trudeau-man-disaster-planet |archive-date=2023-04-18 |url-status=live |last1=McKibben |first1=Bill |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=January 31, 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Justin Trudeau speech on missing and murdered indigenous women – Ottawa, October 2016.jpg|right|thumb|Trudeau giving a speech on the issue of [[missing and murdered Indigenous women]], October 2016]]
As prime minister, Trudeau launched three major independent investigations: the [[National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women]] (MMIWG), the Joint Federal/Provincial Commission into the [[2020 Nova Scotia attacks]] (in partnership with the [[Government of Nova Scotia]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Families of Nova Scotia mass shooting victims want sincere RCMP apology, lawyer says |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-families-of-nova-scotia-mass-shooting-victims-want-sincere-rcmp/ |date=2023-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908125338/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-families-of-nova-scotia-mass-shooting-victims-want-sincere-rcmp/ |archive-date=2023-09-08 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |language=en-CA |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |access-date=September 10, 2023}}</ref>), and the Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions. The latter was called in response to allegations of [[Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections]], but also deals with interference from other states deemed hostile to Canada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Major |first=Darren |date=September 7, 2023 |title=What we know so far about the public inquiry into foreign interference |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/how-will-foreign-interference-inquiry-work-1.6959808 |access-date=September 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909095516/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/how-will-foreign-interference-inquiry-work-1.6959808 |url-status=live }}</ref> The MMIWG investigation found that Canada's response to this issue amounts to [[Genocide of Indigenous peoples|genocide]], a finding Trudeau said he accepted.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2019 |title=Trudeau accepts finding of genocide in MMIWG inquiry |url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-accepts-finding-of-genocide-in-mmiwg-inquiry-1.4451295 |access-date=September 10, 2023 |website=CTV |language=en |agency=The Canadian Press |archive-date=October 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015235941/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-accepts-finding-of-genocide-in-mmiwg-inquiry-1.4451295 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On September 22, 2023, [[Yaroslav Hunka scandal|Yaroslav Hunka]], a Ukrainian Canadian who fought in the [[14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)|SS Division Galicia]] of the military wing of the [[Nazi Party]], the ''[[Waffen-SS]]'', was invited to the House of Commons of Canada to be recognized by Speaker [[Anthony Rota]], the Member of Parliament for Hunka's district. Hunka received two [[standing ovation]]s from all house members, including Justin Trudeau, other party leaders, and visiting Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]]. The incident, seen as a political blunder<ref>{{cite web |title=Canada's House speaker steps down after honoring man who fought for Nazis |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/canadas-house-speaker-steps-honoring-man-fought-nazis-rcna117463 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=2023-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005173737/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/canadas-house-speaker-steps-honoring-man-fought-nazis-rcna117463 |archive-date=2023-10-05 |url-status=live |access-date=October 6, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A New Speaker for Canada After a Misstep That 'Deeply Embarrassed Parliament' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/30/world/canada/canada-parliament-speaker-vote.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=2023-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005033419/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/30/world/canada/canada-parliament-speaker-vote.html |archive-date=2023-10-05 |url-status=live |last1=Isai |first1=Vjosa |access-date=October 6, 2023}}</ref> and a scandal, such that it drew comparisons to the most embarrassing moments in Canada's history,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Hunka affair has embarrassed Canada — how bad is it, historically speaking? |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-hunka-embarassment-history-1.6983002 |website=[[CBC News]] |date=2023-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003194942/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-hunka-embarassment-history-1.6983002 |archive-date=2023-10-03 |url-status=live |last1=Paas-Lang |first1=Christian |access-date=October 4, 2023}}</ref> was leveraged by the Russian establishment to further its justifications for [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|waging war in Ukraine]]. Trudeau said, "This is a mistake that deeply embarrassed parliament and Canada" and apologized to President Zelenskyy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau apologises after Nazi veteran honoured in parliament |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66943005 |date=2023-09-27 |work=BBC |last1=Kim |first1=Chloe |archive-date=November 17, 2023 |access-date=January 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117105022/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66943005 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====COVID-19 pandemic====
{{Further|COVID-19 pandemic in Canada}}
Trudeau was prime minister during the worldwide [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. His government's response to the pandemic included funds for provinces and territories to adapt to the new situation, funds for coronavirus research, travel restrictions, screening of international flights, self-isolation orders under the [[Quarantine Act, 2005|''Quarantine Act'']], an industrial strategy, and a public health awareness campaign. Initially, Canada faced a shortage of [[personal protective equipment]], as the Trudeau government had cut PPE stockpile funding in the previous years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trudeau vows Canada's PPE stockpile policies will be overhauled to prevent waste |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6844277/coronavirus-trudeau-stockpile-waste/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2020-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825014632/https://globalnews.ca/news/6844277/coronavirus-trudeau-stockpile-waste/ |archive-date=2021-08-25 |url-status=live |publisher=[[The Canadian Press]] |access-date=August 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=Marieke |date=April 22, 2020 |title=Canada cut number of stockpile storage locations for critical medical supplies by one third in past two years |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canada-cut-number-of-stockpile-storage-locations-for-critical-medical/ |access-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825014631/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canada-cut-number-of-stockpile-storage-locations-for-critical-medical/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

To deal with the [[Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|economic impact of the pandemic]] in 2020, Trudeau waived student loan payments, increased the [[Canada Child Benefit]], doubled the annual [[Goods and services tax (Canada)|Goods and Services Tax]] payment, and introduced the [[Canada Emergency Response Benefit]] (CERB) as part of a first package in March. In April 2020, Trudeau introduced the [[Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy]], the [[Canada Emergency Business Account]], and the [[Canada Emergency Student Benefit]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suivi des mesures économiques gouvernementales découlant de la crise de la COVID-19: Québec et Fédéral |url=https://cffp.recherche.usherbrooke.ca/suivi-mesures-economiques-covid-19/ |website=Chaire en Fiscalité et en Finances publiques |date=January 20, 2020 |publisher=[[Université de Sherbrooke]] |access-date=August 28, 2021 |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418014012/https://cffp.recherche.usherbrooke.ca/suivi-mesures-economiques-covid-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau also deployed the [[Canadian armed forces|Canadian Forces]] in long-term care homes in Quebec and Ontario as part of [[Operation LASER]].<ref name="mbafd">{{cite news |title=Armed Forces deploys almost all of its medical capacity against pandemic in Quebec nursing homes |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/covid19-military-seniors-1.5559558 |date=2020-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828165223/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/covid19-military-seniors-1.5559558 |archive-date=2021-08-28 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Brewster |first1=Murray |access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref>

Throughout the pandemic, the federal government was also responsible for the procurement of [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2020 |title=Procuring vaccines for COVID-19 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/procuring-vaccines-covid19.html |access-date=April 24, 2021 |website=aem |publisher=Public Services and Procurement Canada |archive-date=February 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217022617/https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/procuring-vaccines-covid19.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 12, 2020, the Trudeau government announced it had reached an exclusive deal with [[CanSino Biologics]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Marieke |last2=McArthur |first2=Greg |date=March 4, 2021 |title=Canada's missed shots: How Ottawa's COVID-19 vaccine promises were out of step with reality |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canadas-missed-shots-how-ottawas-covid-19-vaccine-promises-were-out-of/ |access-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825003831/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canadas-missed-shots-how-ottawas-covid-19-vaccine-promises-were-out-of/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, due to deteriorating [[Canada–China relations|Canadian-Chinese relations]], the [[Convidecia|Cansino]] deal fell through.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/where-did-canadas-vaccine-effort-actually-go-wrong/|title=Where did Canada's vaccine effort actually go wrong?|first=Justin|last=Ling|website=Macleans.ca|date=May 31, 2021|access-date=July 4, 2022|archive-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531203953/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/where-did-canadas-vaccine-effort-actually-go-wrong/|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 5, 2020, the Trudeau government created a plan to secure doses of the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer]] and [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna vaccines]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=February 5, 2021 |title=How Ottawa utterly botched Canada's COVID vaccine acquisition |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/how-ottawa-utterly-botched-canadas-covid-vaccine-acquisition |access-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209212410/https://nationalpost.com/news/how-ottawa-utterly-botched-canadas-covid-vaccine-acquisition |url-status=live }}</ref> Starting in December 2020, Trudeau oversaw the implementation of [[COVID-19 vaccination in Canada|Canada's mass-vaccination program]].<ref name="aljazeera_20201127">{{Cite news |date=November 27, 2020 |title=Most Canadians will get COVID-19 vaccine by September: Trudeau |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/27/most-canadians-will-get-covid-19-vaccine-by-september-trudeau |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217122901/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/27/most-canadians-will-get-covid-19-vaccine-by-september-trudeau |archive-date=February 17, 2021}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

[[File:Boris Johnson and Justin Trudeau at the meeting of G-7 Carbis Bay Summit.jpg|thumb|Trudeau and British Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]] [[elbow bump]] while wearing face masks as a [[COVID-19]] precaution during the [[47th G7 summit]], June 2021]]
The spread of COVID-19 in Canada continued beyond the initial outbreak, with a strong second wave in the fall of 2020 and an even more serious third wave in the spring of 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Canada's third wave on track to become its worst yet as hospitalizations spike |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/09/americas/canada-third-coronavirus-wave/index.html |date=2021-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423042748/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/09/americas/canada-third-coronavirus-wave/index.html |archive-date=2021-04-23 |url-status=live |work=[[CNN]] |last1=Newton |first1=Paula |access-date=April 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Interactive Data Visualization of COVID-19 in Canada – Public Health Infobase {{!}} Public Health Agency of Canada |url=https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/ |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=health-infobase.canada.ca |date=April 19, 2020 |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422111105/https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout the crisis, Trudeau periodically extended the scope and duration of the [[Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|federal aid programs]]. The [[2021 Canadian federal budget]] planned to phase them out by the end of September 2021, and projected a $354.2-billion deficit in the 2020–21 fiscal year.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cardoso |first1=Tom |last2=Lundy |first2=Matt |date=April 19, 2021 |title=Federal budget 2021 highlights: Child care, recovery benefits, OAS increases – everything you need to know |publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-federal-budget-2021-highlights-child-care-housing-jobs-recovery/ |access-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422155023/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-federal-budget-2021-highlights-child-care-housing-jobs-recovery/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While CERB was indeed phased out on September 26, the [[Canada Recovery Benefit]] (CBR) continued to provide support until October 23.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Canada Recovery Benefit is ending, with a new one taking its place |url=https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/canada-recovery-benefit-crb-ending-new-one-taking-its-place-153031851.html |date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224116/https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/canada-recovery-benefit-crb-ending-new-one-taking-its-place-153031851.html |archive-date=2022-01-22 |url-status=live |work=Yahoo Finance Canada |last1=Bains |first1=Jessy |language=en-CA |access-date=January 22, 2022}}</ref> The [[Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit]] was introduced that month to replace the CBR, and expanded during the spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron variant]] in December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Messier |first=François |date=December 23, 2021 |title=Des milliers de Canadiens de plus admissibles à une aide de 300 $ par semaine |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1849519/canada-trudeau-freeland-coronavirus-omicron-programmes-aide |access-date=December 27, 2021 |website=ici.radio-canada.ca |language=fr-CA |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222170122/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1849519/canada-trudeau-freeland-coronavirus-omicron-programmes-aide |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Freedom Convoy and ''Emergencies Act'' invocation ====
{{Main|Canada convoy protest}}
[[File:Freedom Convoy 2022 Ottawa January 31-7.jpg|thumb|[[Semi-trailer truck]]s next to [[Parliament Hill]] during the [[Canada convoy protest]], January 2022]]
The Canada convoy protest, called the Freedom Convoy, was a [[Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic|protest]] in Canada against [[Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic#Canada|COVID-19 vaccine requirements for truckers to re-enter the country by land]] introduced by the [[Government of Canada]] on January 15, 2022. Originally composed of several routes traversing all of the Canadian [[Provinces and territories of Canada|provinces]], the truck convoys converged on [[Ottawa]].

On January 29, the first day of protest at [[Parliament Hill]], Trudeau moved to an undisclosed location.<ref name="CBC Tasker 20220129">{{cite news |title=Thousands opposed to COVID-19 rules converge on Parliament Hill |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/truck-convoy-protest-some-key-players-1.6332312 |date=2022-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131234305/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/truck-convoy-protest-some-key-players-1.6332312 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Tasker |first1=John Paul |access-date=February 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Freedom Convoy 2022 live updates: Trudeau relocated due to security concerns |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/covid-19-freedom-convoy-2022-news |date=2022-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209212412/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/covid-19-freedom-convoy-2022-news |archive-date=2024-02-09 |url-status=live |work=National Post |last1=Lévesque |first1=Catherine |last2=Karadeglija |first2=Anja |last3=Oli |first3=Swikar |last4=Higgins |first4=Michael |language=en |access-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref> According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', the demonstration developed to express a number of "antigovernment grievances", particularly against Trudeau.<ref name="theguardian_Cecco_20220128">{{Cite news |last=Cecco |first=Leyland |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Canada truckers' vaccine protest spirals into calls to repeal all public health rules |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/28/canada-truckers-covid-vaccine-mandate-protest-government |access-date=February 2, 2022 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202012650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/28/canada-truckers-covid-vaccine-mandate-protest-government |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 31, Trudeau called the protests an "insult to truth".<ref name="Insult">{{cite news |title=Freedom Convoy: Trudeau calls trucker protest an 'insult to truth' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60202050 |date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302133758/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60202050 |archive-date=2022-03-02 |url-status=live |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=January 31, 2022}}</ref> On February 3, he said that a military response was "not in the cards right now".<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 3, 2022 |title=Military response not in cards for COVID protest, Trudeau says |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/03/world/trudeau-military-response-not-cards-covid-protest/ |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=February 13, 2022 |archive-date=February 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206234128/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/03/world/trudeau-military-response-not-cards-covid-protest/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 11, ''[[Reuters]]'' reported that Trudeau promised the US "quick action" regarding protesters who have forcefully blocked the [[Ambassador Bridge]] on the US-Canada border, the continent's "busiest land border crossing".<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau promises Biden 'quick action' against protesters blocking U.S.-Canada bridge |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-protests-enter-third-week-sophisticated-demonstrators-dig-2022-02-11/ |date=2022-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211230754/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-protests-enter-third-week-sophisticated-demonstrators-dig-2022-02-11/ |archive-date=2022-02-11 |url-status=live |work=[[Reuters]] |last1=Osorio |first1=Carlos |last2=Scherer |first2=Steve |last3=Chiacu |first3=Doina |language=en |access-date=2022-02-11}}</ref> Trudeau subsequently indicated that there would be "robust police intervention" and called for all protesters to "go home".<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau warns protesters of 'increasingly robust police intervention.' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/11/world/canada-trucker-protest |date=2022-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211152800/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/11/world/canada-trucker-protest |archive-date=2022-02-11 |url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Astor |first1=Maggie |last2=Bilefsky |first2=Dan |last3=Porter |first3=Catherine |language=en-US |access-date=February 11, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Trudeau invoked the ''[[Emergencies Act]]'' on February 14, 2022, for the first time since it was enacted in 1988, as a result of the public order emergency caused by the demonstrations in Ottawa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trudeau invokes Emergencies Act for 1st time to aid convoy blockade response – National |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8617952/canada-convoy-blockade-military-response/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2022-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214153308/https://globalnews.ca/news/8617952/canada-convoy-blockade-military-response/ |archive-date=2022-02-14 |url-status=live |last1=Connolly |first1=Amanda |access-date=February 14, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> On February 23, 2022, Trudeau announced that the federal government would revoke the emergency declaration. Later that day, the governor general signed a proclamation revoking it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boisvert |first=Nick |date=February 23, 2022 |title=Trudeau ends use of Emergencies Act, says 'situation is no longer an emergency' |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-event-feb23-1.6361847 |access-date=February 23, 2022 |archive-date=February 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223211417/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-event-feb23-1.6361847 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Osman |first=Laura |date=February 23, 2022 |title=Trudeau says Emergencies Act powers can now be revoked as crisis calms |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/trudeau-says-emergencies-act-powers-can-now-be-revoked-as-crisis-calms-1.5793077 |website=CP24 |access-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412053108/https://www.cp24.com/news/trudeau-says-emergencies-act-powers-can-now-be-revoked-as-crisis-calms-1.5793077 |url-status=live }}</ref> A year later, on February 17, 2023, a judicial inquiry into the use of the ''Emergencies Act'' concluded that the Trudeau government met the legal threshold required to invoke the act.<ref>{{cite web |title=Catharine Tunney, "Federal government met the threshold to invoke Emergencies Act: Rouleau", ''CBC News'', Feb 17, 2023. |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/poec-report-released-friday-1.6750919 |website=[[CBC News]] |date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218031022/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/poec-report-released-friday-1.6750919 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=live |last1=Tunney |first1=Catharine |access-date=February 18, 2023}}</ref> In early 2024, [[Federal Court (Canada)|Federal Court]] judge [[Richard Mosley]] ruled that the federal government's invocation of the Emergencies Act to end the 2022 convoy protest was "not justified" and infringed on [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Charter]] rights. {{as of|2024|06}}, the federal government planned to appeal the ruling.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Van Dyk |first1=Spencer |title=Federal court rules Emergencies Act invocation 'not justified' |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-court-rules-emergencies-act-invocation-not-justified-1.6738624 |access-date=January 23, 2024 |website=CTV |date=January 23, 2024 |archive-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123183301/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-court-rules-emergencies-act-invocation-not-justified-1.6738624 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunney |first=Catharine |date=January 23, 2024 |title=Ottawa's use of Emergencies Act against convoy protests was unreasonable, violated Charter, court rules |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/emergencies-act-federal-court-1.7091891 |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=[[CBC News]] |archive-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123200540/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/emergencies-act-federal-court-1.7091891 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====2019 federal election====
{{Main|2019 Canadian federal election}}
On September 11, 2019, Trudeau visited Governor General [[Julie Payette]], to request the dissolution of Parliament, and formally triggering an election.<ref>{{cite news |title=It's official, Canadians: the 2019 federal election campaign is underway |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-campaign-starts-today-1.5277657 |date=2019-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111185038/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-campaign-starts-today-1.5277657 |archive-date=2020-11-11 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Tunney |first1=Catharine |access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> Prior to the formal start of the campaign, Trudeau announced his intention to only participate in the three [[Canadian leaders' debates#2019 debates|leaders' debates]], two organized by the [[Leaders' Debates Commission]], and one organized by [[TVA (Canadian TV network)|TVA]].<ref name="TVAdeb">{{cite news |title=French-language TVA debate to go ahead after Trudeau agrees to participate |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/french-language-tva-trudeau-1.5273089 |date=2019-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906230856/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/french-language-tva-trudeau-1.5273089 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Tasker |first1=John Paul |access-date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> Other leader's debates were either cancelled or took place with an empty podium left on stage for Trudeau.<ref name="Snub">{{cite news |title=Trudeau snubs Munk, Maclean's/Citytv debates but will attend commission debates |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-snub-debates-commision-1.5272277 |date=2019-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906012705/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-snub-debates-commision-1.5272277 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Cochrane |first1=David |access-date=September 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 24, 2019 |title=Munk Debates cancels foreign-policy event because Trudeau won't attend |url=https://election.ctvnews.ca/munk-debates-cancels-foreign-policy-event-because-trudeau-won-t-attend-1.4607537 |access-date=September 24, 2019 |website=Federal Election 2019 |language=en |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924143359/https://election.ctvnews.ca/munk-debates-cancels-foreign-policy-event-because-trudeau-won-t-attend-1.4607537 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2019, controversial pictures and video were published showing Trudeau in [[Racial brownface|brownface]] and [[blackface]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau apologizes again for wearing blackface, cannot say how many times he wore racist makeup |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-new-blackface-video-surfaces-a-day-after-trudeau-apologizes-for-two/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319204758/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-new-blackface-video-surfaces-a-day-after-trudeau-apologizes-for-two/ |archive-date=2023-03-19 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |year=2019 |access-date=October 6, 2019}}</ref> On September 18, 2019, [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] magazine published a photograph of Trudeau wearing brownface makeup in the spring of 2001, at an ''[[Arabian Nights]]''-themed gala, while Trudeau was a teacher at [[West Point Grey Academy]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Justin Trudeau Wore Brownface at 2001 'Arabian Nights' Party While He Taught at a Private School |url=https://time.com/5680759/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en |access-date=September 19, 2019 |archive-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015102135/https://time.com/5680759/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau publicly apologized, agreeing the photo was racist and saying: "I shouldn't have done that. I should have known better and I didn't. I'm really sorry."<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Justin Trudeau Admits to Also Wearing Blackface 'Makeup' in High School Following TIME Report |url=https://time.com/5680868/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo-apology/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en |access-date=September 19, 2019 |archive-date=September 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919091640/https://time.com/5680868/justin-trudeau-brownface-photo-apology/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He further went on to say "It was something that I didn't think was racist at the time, but now I recognize it was something racist to do".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Dawson |first1=Tyler |last2=Subramaniam |first2=Vanmala |date=September 19, 2019 |title='I'm really sorry': Justin Trudeau admits wearing brownface at 2001 costume party |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/yearbook-photo-surfaces-of-trudeau-wearing-brownface-costume-in-2001 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505101037/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/yearbook-photo-surfaces-of-trudeau-wearing-brownface-costume-in-2001 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau also admitted to wearing blackface makeup in high school while singing "[[Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)|Day-O]]" at a talent show that was subsequently published by [[Global News]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Video shows Trudeau in blackface in 3rd instance of racist makeup |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5922861/justin-trudeau-brownface-video/ |access-date=September 19, 2019 |website=[[Global News]] |language=en |archive-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015133053/https://globalnews.ca/news/5922861/justin-trudeau-brownface-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A third instance, a video, of Trudeau in racist dress was also published.<ref name="auto1" /> After this video was published, Trudeau admitted he could not remember how often he had worn blackface makeup.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau says he can't recall how many times he wore blackface makeup |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/19/justin-trudeau-wearing-blackface-details-emerge-third-incident |date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015222314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/19/justin-trudeau-wearing-blackface-details-emerge-third-incident |archive-date=2019-10-15 |url-status=live |last1=Cecco |first1=Leyland |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref> In the days following the scandal, [[Opinion poll|pollsters]] pointed out that many Canadians either were not bothered by the scandal or had accepted Trudeau's apology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Trudeau's incredibly forgiving base of believers – Macleans.ca |url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/justin-trudeaus-incredibly-forgiving-base-of-believers/ |website=www.macleans.ca |date=September 20, 2019 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017154415/https://www.macleans.ca/politics/justin-trudeaus-incredibly-forgiving-base-of-believers/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Canadians Ask if They Can Forgive Trudeau |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/reader-center/trudeau-blackface-brownface-voters.html |date=2019-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919221303/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/reader-center/trudeau-blackface-brownface-voters.html |archive-date=2019-09-19 |url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Gardiner |first1=Aidan |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau's apology for blackface photos seems to be readily accepted in Quebec |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/political-opinion/2019/09/23/trudeaus-blackface-apology-seems-to-be-readily-accepted-in-quebec.html |date=2019-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023090425/https://www.thestar.com/politics/political-opinion/2019/09/23/trudeaus-blackface-apology-seems-to-be-readily-accepted-in-quebec.html |archive-date=2019-10-23 |url-status=live |work=[[Toronto Star]] |last1=Hébert |first1=Chantal |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chantal Hébert: Quebec voters appear to have forgiven Trudeau for his blackface follies |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9612880-chantal-h-bert-quebec-voters-appear-to-have-forgiven-trudeau-for-his-blackface-follies/ |date=2019-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017154406/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9612880-chantal-h-bert-quebec-voters-appear-to-have-forgiven-trudeau-for-his-blackface-follies/ |archive-date=2019-10-17 |url-status=live |work=[[The Hamilton Spectator]] |last1=Hébert |first1=Chantal |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref> Additionally, some minority community groups, racialized commentators and some of Trudeau's opponents came to his defence.<ref>{{cite news |title=In Quebec, Trudeau's opponents and supporters shrug off blackface controversy |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-reaction-trudeau-brownface-1.5289508 |date=2019-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920173456/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-reaction-trudeau-brownface-1.5289508 |archive-date=2019-09-20 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Montpetit |first1=Jonathan |access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Feith |first=Jesse |date=September 20, 2019 |title=Trudeau's record on race shouldn't be overlooked, community groups say |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/trudeaus-record-on-race-shouldnt-be-overlooked-community-groups-say |access-date=September 27, 2019 |website=Montreal Gazette |archive-date=September 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927011552/https://montrealgazette.com/news/trudeaus-record-on-race-shouldnt-be-overlooked-community-groups-say |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nenshi |first=Naheed |date=September 21, 2019 |title=Perspective {{!}} I'm Calgary's Muslim mayor. We can learn from Trudeau's 'brownface' moment. |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/09/21/im-calgarys-muslim-mayor-we-can-learn-trudeaus-brownface-moment/ |access-date=September 27, 2019 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924062351/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/09/21/im-calgarys-muslim-mayor-we-can-learn-trudeaus-brownface-moment/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau's past vs. Scheer's present {{!}} The Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/2019/09/25/putting-trudeaus-past-vs-present-into-perspective.html |date=2019-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927011554/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/2019/09/25/putting-trudeaus-past-vs-present-into-perspective.html |archive-date=2019-09-27 |url-status=live |work=[[Toronto Star]] |access-date=September 27, 2019}}</ref> Others were more critical, including members of his own party.<ref>{{cite news |title='ABSOLUTELY DEPLORABLE': Officials react on social media to Trudeau's blackface photos |url=https://torontosun.com/news/national/absolutely-deplorable-officials-react-on-social-media-to-trudeaus-blackface-photos |date=2019-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129192112/https://torontosun.com/news/national/absolutely-deplorable-officials-react-on-social-media-to-trudeaus-blackface-photos |archive-date=2021-11-29 |url-status=live |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>

While Trudeau's Liberal Party lost 20 seats in the House of Commons (lowering its total from 177 to 157) from the time of dissolution, they still won the most seats of any party—enough to allow Trudeau to form a minority government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Da Silva |first=Chantal |author-link=Chantal Da Silva |date=October 22, 2019 |title=Justin Trudeau wins minority government—what does this mean for America? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/justin-trudeau-canadian-election-minority-government-donald-trump-1466845 |website=Newsweek |access-date=November 17, 2019 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406174906/https://www.newsweek.com/justin-trudeau-canadian-election-minority-government-donald-trump-1466845 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trudeau says no plans to form a coalition, will push ahead on Trans Mountain |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6071193/justin-trudeau-minority-government-plan/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2019-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406173403/https://globalnews.ca/news/6071193/justin-trudeau-minority-government-plan/ |archive-date=2023-04-06 |url-status=live |last1=Connolly |first1=Amanda |access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref> For the first time since 1979, the party that garnered the largest share of the national popular vote did not win the most seats; the Liberals under Trudeau had 33.1% of the popular vote, while the Conservatives under [[Andrew Scheer]] had 34.4%.<ref name="toronto">{{cite news |title=Ontario and Quebec keep Liberals in power and Conservatives out |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/grenier-election-results-1.5330105 |date=2019-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406194923/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/grenier-election-results-1.5330105 |archive-date=2023-04-06 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiello |first=Rachel |date=October 22, 2019 |title='Historic opportunity': Opposition leaders take stock after Liberal minority win |url=https://election.ctvnews.ca/historic-opportunity-opposition-leaders-take-stock-after-liberal-minority-win-1.4649796 |website=Federal Election 2019 |access-date=October 23, 2019 |archive-date=July 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731183032/https://election.ctvnews.ca/historic-opportunity-opposition-leaders-take-stock-after-liberal-minority-win-1.4649796 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====2021 federal election====
{{Main|2021 Canadian federal election}}
On August 15, 2021, Trudeau advised Governor General [[Mary Simon]] to dissolve parliament, scheduling an election for September 20.<ref name="ctv081521">{{Cite news |last=Aiello |first=Rachel |date=August 15, 2021 |title=Trudeau calls federal election, voters to go to the polls Sept. 20 |work=CTV News |publisher=Bell Media |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/trudeau-calls-federal-election-voters-to-go-to-the-polls-sept-20-1.5547815 |access-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815154520/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/trudeau-calls-federal-election-voters-to-go-to-the-polls-sept-20-1.5547815 |url-status=live }}</ref> The election was called on the same day as the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Fall of Kabul]]. In the first two weeks of the campaign, Trudeau received criticism for not acting fast enough in the face of the [[2021 Taliban offensive]] to evacuate Canadian citizens and Afghans who supported Canada's military and diplomatic efforts during the [[Canada in the War in Afghanistan|War in Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada 'working tirelessly' to evacuate citizens from Kabul – CityNews Toronto |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2021/08/23/canada-afghanistan-rescue-flights/ |website=toronto.citynews.ca |date=August 23, 2021 |access-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825004823/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2021/08/23/canada-afghanistan-rescue-flights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Liberals called the election to win a [[majority government]] and govern alone.<ref>{{cite news|last=Austen|first=Ian|date=September 21, 2021|title=4 Takeaways From the Canadian Election|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/world/canada/election-results.html|access-date=September 26, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214005345/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/world/canada/election-results.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In the 2021 federal election, Trudeau secured a third mandate and his second minority government after winning 160 seats. However, the Liberals came in second in the national popular vote, behind the Conservatives.<ref>{{cite news |title=Federal election latest updates |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-votes-2021-election-night-highlights-1.6177106 |date=2021-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303012643/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-votes-2021-election-night-highlights-1.6177106 |archive-date=2022-03-03 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Mazerolle |first1=John |last2=Rieti |first2=John |access-date=March 3, 2022}}</ref> They received 32.6% of the popular vote, the lowest percentage of the national popular vote for a governing party in Canadian history.<ref name="Hopper2">{{Cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristan |date=September 22, 2021 |title=First Reading: The Least Popular Canadian Government Ever Elected |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2021/first-reading-the-least-popular-canadian-government-ever-elected}}</ref> The results were mostly unchanged from the 2019 federal election.<ref name="NYT 2021">{{cite web |title=4 Takeaways From the Canadian Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/world/canada/election-results.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=2021-09-21 |last1=Austen |first1=Ian |access-date=December 20, 2024 |archive-date=December 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214005345/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/world/canada/election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=====Confidence and supply agreement=====
On March 22, 2022, the Liberals and the NDP entered a [[Confidence and supply|supply and confidence agreement]], in which the NDP committed to supporting the Liberals in all [[votes of confidence]] for the duration of the 44th Parliament.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Liberals' deal with NDP will keep Trudeau minority in power for 3 more years |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-deal-with-ndp-will-keep-trudeau-minority-in-power-for-3-more-years-1.5829116 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301060047/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-deal-with-ndp-will-keep-trudeau-minority-in-power-for-3-more-years-1.5829116 |archive-date=March 1, 2024 |access-date=March 1, 2024 |website=CTVNews |language=en}}</ref> In exchange, the Liberal Party would back key NDP priorities, including national [[Canadian Dental Care Plan|dental care]] for low-income Canadians, national [[pharmacare]], labour reforms for federally-regulated workers, and new taxes on financial institutions.<ref name=":4" />

In September 2024, the NDP pulled their support and ended the supply and confidence agreement.<ref>{{cite web |title=The NDP is ending its governance agreement with the Liberals |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jagmeet-singh-ndp-ending-agreement-1.7312910 |website=[[CBC News]] |date=2024-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904194031/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jagmeet-singh-ndp-ending-agreement-1.7312910 |archive-date=2024-09-04 |url-status=live |last1=Zimonjic |first1=Peter |access-date=September 4, 2024}}</ref> The Conservative Party made three failed [[Motion of no confidence|no-confidence motions]] in September, October, and December,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=September 25, 2024 |title=Canada's Trudeau survives no-confidence vote in parliament |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c93pg0gnkvxo |access-date=September 25, 2024 |website=BBC |language=en |archive-date=September 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926003046/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c93pg0gnkvxo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Conservatives' second attempt to topple Liberal government fails |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-non-confidence-motion-1.7339282 |date=2024-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220180040/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-non-confidence-motion-1.7339282 |archive-date=2024-12-20 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=December 20, 2024}}</ref> all of which did not receive NDP support. On December 20, 2024, NDP leader [[Jagmeet Singh]] pledged to put forward another no-confidence motion and vote out Trudeau's government.<ref>{{cite web |title=NDP will vote to topple Trudeau and propose confidence vote, Singh says – National |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10927744/ndp-jagmeet-singh-confidence-vote-justin-trudeau/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2024-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220165508/https://globalnews.ca/news/10927744/ndp-jagmeet-singh-confidence-vote-justin-trudeau/ |archive-date=2024-12-20 |url-status=live |last1=Previl |first1=Sean |access-date=December 20, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Foreign policy===
{{Main|Foreign policy of the Justin Trudeau government}}
{{See also|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Justin Trudeau}}
In 2015, Trudeau told the ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'' that Canada could be the "first [[Postnationalism|postnational]] state".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The dangers of Trudeau's 'postnational' Canada |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-dangers-of-trudeaus-postnational-canada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521093417/https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-dangers-of-trudeaus-postnational-canada |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |access-date=July 4, 2022 |website=[[Vancouver Sun]]}}</ref>
[[File:State Visit of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau 18.jpg|thumb|Trudeau speaking with U.S. president [[Barack Obama]] in the [[White House]]'s [[Oval Office]], 2015]]
Trudeau enjoyed good relations with the "like-minded" [[President of the United States|United States president]] [[Barack Obama]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/c0827cb5451c412f93c84816c4d7d7f5/|title=Obama, Trudeau show like-minded values in White House visit|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=March 10, 2016|access-date=June 27, 2022|archive-date=June 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627032201/https://apnews.com/article/c0827cb5451c412f93c84816c4d7d7f5/|url-status=live}}</ref> despite Trudeau's support for the [[Keystone Pipeline]], which was rejected by the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] president.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Kathleen |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Justin Trudeau 'disappointed' with U.S. rejection of Keystone XL |work=[[CBC News]] |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-keystone-pipeline-trudeau-obama-1.3307458 |access-date=January 2, 2016 |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218004444/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-keystone-pipeline-trudeau-obama-1.3307458 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau's first foreign policy challenges included follow-through on his campaign promise to withdraw Canadian air support from the [[Syrian civil war]]<ref name="Iraq/Syria trainers, aid">{{Cite news |date=November 13, 2015 |title=End combat mission in Iraq and Syria, Trudeau orders defence minister |work=[[Toronto Star]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/13/end-combat-mission-in-iraq-and-syria-trudeau-orders-defence-minister.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114132621/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/13/end-combat-mission-in-iraq-and-syria-trudeau-orders-defence-minister.html |archive-date=November 14, 2015}}</ref> and to welcome 25,000 [[Syrian Refugees|Syrian war refugees]].<ref name="revisedgoal">{{cite news |title=Liberals' revised goal met as 25,000th Syrian refugee arrives in Canada |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-revised-goal-met-as-25000th-syrian-refugee-arrives-in-canada/article28944527/ |date=2016-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303090537/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/liberals-revised-goal-met-as-25000th-syrian-refugee-arrives-in-canada/article28944527/ |archive-date=2021-03-03 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |last1=Carbert |first1=Michelle |access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref>

In 2016, Trudeau lifted visa requirements for Mexican citizens. Asylum claims by Mexicans grew from 110 in 2015 to 24,000 in 2023. Visas and some restrictions were reinstated in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mas |first=Susana |date=November 17, 2015 |title=Justin Trudeau formally commits to lifting visa requirement for Mexicans |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-formally-commits-to-lifting-visa-requirement-for-mexicans-1.3323013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531165619/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-formally-commits-to-lifting-visa-requirement-for-mexicans-1.3323013 |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024 |work=[[CBC News]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/canada-to-reinstate-visas-for-mexican-nationals-after-spike-in-asylum-claims-report/article_a3f1e341-5c8d-551c-82d8-752226d87d7e.html | title=Canada to reinstate visas for Mexican nationals after spike in asylum claims: Report | website=[[Toronto Star]] | date=February 29, 2024 | access-date=May 31, 2024 | archive-date=May 31, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531165619/https://www.thestar.com/politics/canada-to-reinstate-visas-for-mexican-nationals-after-spike-in-asylum-claims-report/article_a3f1e341-5c8d-551c-82d8-752226d87d7e.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Visita de Estado a Canadá - Día 2 - Ottawa (27934709286).jpg|thumb|Trudeau with Mexican president [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] at [[Parliament Hill]], 2016]]
In January 2017, Trudeau wrote, "To those fleeing persecution, terror & war, Canadians will welcome you, regardless of your faith. Diversity is our strength #WelcomeToCanada," on [[Twitter]]. As a result, irregular border crossing increased, mainly at [[Roxham Road]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Marie-Danielle |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Trudeau tweet caused influx of refugee inquiries, confusion within government, emails reveal |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/trudeau-tweet-caused-influx-of-refugee-inquiries-confusion-within-government-emails-reveal |work=[[National Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Roxham Road! 60 dollars!': Here's how asylum seekers cross irregularly into Canada |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9481335/asylum-seekers-cross-irregularly-canada/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2023-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531165619/https://globalnews.ca/news/9481335/asylum-seekers-cross-irregularly-canada/ |archive-date=2024-05-31 |url-status=live |last1=Amador |first1=Marisela |access-date=May 31, 2024 |agency=[[The Canadian Press]]}}</ref> Increased strain on services in Quebec and Ontario, and criticism over the unsustainable influx of claimants, appeared to influence the decision to close Roxham Road in March 2023; however, the new terms of the [[Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement]] (STCA) had been arranged the previous year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lévesque |first=Catherine |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Canada, U.S. reach deal to stop asylum seekers at unofficial crossings |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/canada-u-s-deal-asylum-seeker-explained |work=[[National Post]]}}</ref> After irregular border crossings were shut down, asylum claims surged at airports.<ref>{{cite web |last=DeLaire |first=Megan |date=October 25, 2023 |title=Airports see surge in asylum claims after border, visa requirement changes |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/airports-see-surge-in-asylum-claims-after-border-visa-requirement-changes-1.6617239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531165620/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/airports-see-surge-in-asylum-claims-after-border-visa-requirement-changes-1.6617239#:~:text=From%20January%20through%20September%202023%2C%20the%20Canada%20Border,in%20total%2C%20were%20made%20at%20airports%20in%20Quebec |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=[[CTV News]]}}</ref>
[[File:President Trump Participates in the USMCA Signing Ceremony (32244728588).jpg|thumb|Trudeau signing [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement|CUSMA]] alongside US president [[Donald Trump]] and Mexican president [[Enrique Peña Nieto]], 2018.]] 
When [[Donald Trump]] became president in 2017, [[Canada–United States relations|Canada-US relations]] deteriorated. The [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] forced the renegotiation of [[North American Free Trade Agreement|NAFTA]] to create the [[USMCA|CUSMA]], in which Canada made significant concessions in allowing increased imports of American [[milk]], weakening Canada's dairy [[Supply management (Canada)|supply management]] system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CUSMA: What The New Trade Deal Means For Canadians {{!}} |url=https://clearit.ca/canadian-customs-broker-blog/cusma-trade-deal/ |access-date=December 29, 2020 |website=clearit.ca |archive-date=April 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421183537/https://clearit.ca/canadian-customs-broker-blog/cusma-trade-deal/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Canada ratification">{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2020 |title=Canadian Parliament rushes through ratification of USMCA trade pact |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-usmca-canada/canadian-parliament-rushes-through-ratification-of-usmca-trade-pact-idUSKBN2102I5 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126025217/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-usmca-canada/canadian-parliament-rushes-through-ratification-of-usmca-trade-pact-idUSKBN2102I5 |url-status=live }}</ref> Donald Trump also implemented [[First Trump tariffs|tariffs]] on Canadian [[steel]] and [[aluminum]], to which Trudeau retaliated by imposing tariffs on American steel, aluminum and a variety of other American products.<ref name="Wolfe229">Daniel Wolfe, [https://qz.com/1318475/the-full-list-of-229-us-products-targeted-by-canadas-retaliatory-tariffs/ The full list of 229 US products targeted by Canada's retaliatory tariffs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204022858/https://qz.com/1318475/the-full-list-of-229-us-products-targeted-by-canadas-retaliatory-tariffs/ |date=December 4, 2019 }}, ''Quartz'' (June 29, 2018).</ref>

Canada's relationship with [[China]] also deteriorated during Trudeau's time as prime minister. The turmoil led to the [[arrest of Meng Wanzhou]] at the [[Vancouver International Airport]] in December 2018 at the behest of the [[United States]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Julia |date=December 6, 2018 |title=Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou arrested in Canada, faces extradition to United States |work=CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/05/tech/huawei-cfo-arrested-canada/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119001051/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/05/tech/huawei-cfo-arrested-canada/index.html |archive-date=January 19, 2019}}</ref> and the [[Detention of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig|arrest of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig]] in China 12 days later.<ref>{{cite news |title=China Indicts 2 Canadians on Spying Charges, Escalating Dispute |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/world/asia/china-canada-kovrig-spavor.html |date=2020-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619050602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/world/asia/china-canada-kovrig-spavor.html |archive-date=2020-06-19 |url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Hernández |first1=Javier C. |last2=Porter |first2=Catherine |language=en-US |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 2, 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Trudeau appointed Liberal advisor, [[Dominic Barton]] ([[McKinsey & Company]], [[Century Initiative]]) ambassador to China in 2019. While Barton negotiated the release of Spavor and Kovrig, Canada-China trade reached historic highs. Barton resigned in December 2021, "amidst growing pressure from...President Joe Biden for Ottawa to take a tougher stance with Beijing."<ref>{{cite web |title=Canada's ambassador to China steps down as Ottawa faces pressure from Biden administration |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8428073/dominic-barton-steps-down-ottawa-pressure-biden-administration/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2021-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419115933/https://globalnews.ca/news/8428073/dominic-barton-steps-down-ottawa-pressure-biden-administration/ |archive-date=2024-04-19 |url-status=live |last1=Cooper |first1=Sam |access-date=May 31, 2024}}</ref> As Wanzhou, Spavor and Kovrig were released at the exact same time in September 2021, many observers speculated they were exchanged as part of a deal between the United States and China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=David |title=Meng for the two Michaels: Lessons for the world from the China-Canada prisoner swap |url=http://theconversation.com/meng-for-the-two-michaels-lessons-for-the-world-from-the-china-canada-prisoner-swap-168737 |access-date=October 2, 2021 |website=The Conversation |date=September 26, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=April 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417024041/http://theconversation.com/meng-for-the-two-michaels-lessons-for-the-world-from-the-china-canada-prisoner-swap-168737 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau greeted Spavor and Kovrig at the airport upon their repatriation. In 2024, Spavor was awarded $7 million in compensation for his arrest and detainment. Although Trudeau repeatedly claimed the two were arbitrarily targeted, it was later reported Spavor had unwittingly participated in espionage by sharing information on North Korea with Kovrig who then passed it onto the Canadian government.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/07/michael-spavor-settlement-canada?ref=upstract.com | title=Canada reaches settlement with Michael Spavor over detention in China | newspaper=The Guardian | date=March 7, 2024 | last1=Cecco | first1=Leyland }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/completely-unacceptable-pm-decries-lack-of-transparency-around-trials-of-spavor-and-kovrig-1.5353981 | title='Completely unacceptable': PM decries lack of transparency around trials of Spavor and Kovrig | date=March 19, 2021 | access-date=May 31, 2024 | archive-date=May 31, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531165621/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/completely-unacceptable-pm-decries-lack-of-transparency-around-trials-of-spavor-and-kovrig-1.5353981 | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Plenary - Day 2 (44313776530).jpg|thumb|left|Trudeau speaking during the second day of the [[2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit]]]]
In a similar fashion, Canada's relationship with [[Saudi Arabia]] was also put under strain, as human rights groups called on Trudeau to stop selling military equipment to that country under a deal struck by the Harper government. In 2018, Saudi Arabia recalled its Canadian ambassador and froze trade with the country in response to Canada's call for the Saudis to release opposition blogger [[Raif Badawi]]. However, in 2019, Canada doubled its weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, despite a "moratorium on export permits following the [[Killing of Jamal Khashoggi|killing of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi]] and mounting civilian deaths from the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]]."<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Canada doubles weapons sales to Saudi Arabia despite moratorium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/09/canada-doubles-weapons-sales-to-saudi-arabia-despite-moratorium |date=2020-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417025543/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/09/canada-doubles-weapons-sales-to-saudi-arabia-despite-moratorium |archive-date=2023-04-17 |url-status=live |work=[[The Guardian]] |last1=Cecco |first1=Leyland |language=en-GB |access-date=December 29, 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

In 2020, Canada lost its bid to join the [[United Nations Security Council]]. This was the second time Canada had failed an attempt to join the Security Council, the first time being in 2009 under Prime Minister Stephen Harper.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 18, 2020 |title=Canada's failed UN security council bid exposes Trudeau's 'dilettante' foreign policy |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, United Kingdom |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/18/canada-loses-bid-un-security-council-seat-justin-trudeau |access-date=June 21, 2020 |archive-date=April 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417024041/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/18/canada-loses-bid-un-security-council-seat-justin-trudeau |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2023, Trudeau said that the government of Canada had "credible intelligence" that the [[government of India]] was involved in the killing of a Canadian citizen, [[Hardeep Singh Nijjar]], outside a [[Sikh Gurdwara|Sikh gurdwara]] in [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]. This episode triggered the [[Canada–India diplomatic row]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tunney |first=Catherine |date=September 19, 2023 |title=Questions mount about security precautions for Nijjar after India's government linked to killing |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/nijjar-india-protection-rcmp-1.6971558 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |access-date=October 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003171936/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/nijjar-india-protection-rcmp-1.6971558 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On October 7, 2023, Trudeau condemned the [[Hamas]]-led [[October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel|surprise attack on Israel]], which devolved into the [[Gaza war]], and expressed his support to [[Israel]] and its right to self-defence.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Michael |date=October 7, 2023 |title=Trudeau, Poilievre condemn Hamas attack on Israel |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-poilievre-condemn-hamas-attack-on-israel-1.6593134 |agency=CTV |archive-date=October 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007163710/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-poilievre-condemn-hamas-attack-on-israel-1.6593134 |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 24, he rejected calls for a ceasefire but said he supported "humanitarian pauses" to deliver aid to the people of the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Liberals remain divided after Trudeau's call for 'humanitarian pauses' in Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-liberals-caucus-israel-hamas-war/ |date=2023-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101120731/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-liberals-caucus-israel-hamas-war/ |archive-date=2023-11-01 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=November 1, 2023}}</ref> On December 12, in a joint statement with the [[Prime Minister of Australia]] and the [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]], Trudeau called for a "sustainable ceasefire" in the war.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2023 |title=Joint Statement by the Prime Ministers of Australia, Canada and New Zealand |url=http://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2023/12/12/joint-statement-prime-ministers-australia-canada-and-new-zealand |access-date=April 1, 2024 |website=Prime Minister of Canada |language=en |archive-date=March 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321195349/https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2023/12/12/joint-statement-prime-ministers-australia-canada-and-new-zealand |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau neither endorsed nor rejected [[South Africa's genocide case against Israel]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau balancing act on Israel-Gaza annoys both sides of debate |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68037261 |date=2024-01-19 |work=[[BBC News]] |last1=Yousif |first1=Nadine}}</ref>
[[File:Announcement in response to U.S. tariffs on Canada (wog719NsLLs).webm|thumb|Trudeau announces the Government of Canada's response to U.S. tariffs, 2025]]
Following Donald Trump's [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration]] in January 2025, [[Canada–United States relations|Canada-US relations]] again deteriorated. On March 4, 2025, President Trump imposed [[2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico|25% tariffs on Canadian exports]], 10% tariffs on Canadian energy products, with an exemption for the automotive industry set to expire on April 2. In retaliation, Trudeau announced countermeasures, with Canada imposing 25% tariffs on $30 billion worth of U.S. goods, effective March 5, 2025. These retaliatory tariffs were set to increase to $155 billion worth of U.S. products within 21 days and would remain in place until the U.S. trade actions were withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-05 |title=Tariffs Are Here: How Will They Impact Canadian Businesses? |url=https://hicksmorley.com/2025/03/05/tariffs-are-here-how-will-they-impact-canadian-businesses/#:~:text=The%20Current%20Status%20of%20the%20Tariff%20War&text=After%20a%2030-day%20pause,effect%20on%20March%204,%202025. |access-date=2025-03-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trump grants one-month exemption for US automakers from new tariffs on imports from Mexico, Canada |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china-lutnick-2b269614084027a4894aa14f3dc16227 |website=[[Associated Press]] |date=2025-03-05 |access-date=2025-03-05 |language=en}}</ref>

On March 8, while giving a speech at the National Forum on Combatting Antisemitism, Trudeau identified himself as a Zionist.<ref>{{cite web |title='I am a Zionist': Trudeau commended for speech condemning antisemitism |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-845165 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=2025-03-07 |access-date=2025-03-08 |language=en}}</ref>

====Foreign interference====
{{Main|Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections}}
In 2022 and 2023, Canadian media reported that the [[People's Republic of China]] had made attempts to interfere in the [[2019 Canadian federal election]] and [[2021 Canadian federal election]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |last=Cooper |first=Sam |author-link=Sam Cooper (journalist) |date=November 7, 2022 |title=Canadian intelligence warned PM Trudeau that China covertly funded 2019 election candidates: Sources |publisher=[[Global News]] |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9253386/canadian-intelligence-warned-pm-trudeau-that-china-covertly-funded-2019-election-candidates-sources |url-status=live |access-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113120927/https://globalnews.ca/news/9253386/canadian-intelligence-warned-pm-trudeau-that-china-covertly-funded-2019-election-candidates-sources/ |archive-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name="BBC1">{{Cite news |date=November 8, 2022 |title=Trudeau accuses China of 'aggressive' election interference |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63551134 |url-status=live |access-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215110818/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63551134 |archive-date=December 15, 2022}}</ref><ref name="FifeChaseFeb2023-A">{{Cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |author-link1=Robert Fife |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |date=February 17, 2023 |title=CSIS documents reveal Chinese strategy to influence Canada's 2021 election |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-china-influence-2021-federal-election-csis-documents/}}</ref><ref name="FifeChaseFeb2023-B">{{Cite news |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |author-link1=Robert Fife |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |date=February 20, 2023 |title=Commons Committee seeks to expand hearings to probe Chinese interference in 2021 election |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-commons-committee-hearings-chinese-interference-election/}}</ref>

Canadian opposition parties demanded a public inquiry into election interference. Rejecting a full public inquiry, Trudeau nominated former [[Governor General of Canada]] [[David Johnston (governor general)|David Johnston]] to investigate the allegations. Johnston delivered a report in May 2023, which described China's interference as a danger to Canadian democracy, stated that some of the media reports were partially incorrect, and that the Canadian intelligence services and Canadian government needed to make several improvements to counter the threat and protect members of Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|title=First Report – The Right Honourable David Johnston, Independent Special Rapporteur on Foreign Interference|date=May 23, 2023 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/democratic-institutions/services/reports/first-report-david-johnston-independent-special-rapporteur-foreign-interference.html}}</ref>

Following Johnston's resignation on June 9, Justin Trudeau commissioned Québec justice Marie-Josée Hogue to preside over the ''Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions''. In May 2024, the inquiry issued its preliminary report, finding that China engaged in foreign interference in both elections, but the interference did not affect the ultimate result of either election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 3, 2024 |title=Foreign meddling a 'stain' on Canada's elections, public inquiry report says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68931295 |access-date=May 7, 2024 |work=BBC |language=en-GB |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174323/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68931295 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Ethics===
Trudeau was criticized by opposition members in November 2016 for his fundraising tactics, which they saw as "cash for access" schemes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau government faces 'cash-for-access' criticism |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38083733 |date=2016-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323054112/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38083733 |archive-date=2023-03-23 |url-status=live |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB |access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref> Trudeau attended fundraisers where attendees paid upwards of $1500 for access to him and other cabinet members.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Trudeau defends cash-for-access fundraising |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-defends-cash-for-access-fundraising/article32523956/ |access-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814074509/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-defends-cash-for-access-fundraising/article32523956/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Zane |date=April 27, 2017 |title=PM no longer under investigation for cash-for-access fundraisers, but ethics commissioner won't say why |language=en-CA |work=[[National Post]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner |access-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209211808/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-cleared-in-cash-for-access-investigation-by-ethics-commissioner |url-status=live }}</ref> In some instances, the events were attended by foreign businessmen who needed government approval for their businesses.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 22, 2016 |title=Globe editorial: Justin Trudeau didn't invent cash-for-access, but he can end it |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/on-cash-for-access-justin-trudeau-picks-up-where-kathleen-wynne-left-off/article32988739/ |access-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814064432/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/on-cash-for-access-justin-trudeau-picks-up-where-kathleen-wynne-left-off/article32988739/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau defended his fundraising tactics, saying that they were not in breach of any ethics rules. He also stated that he was lobbied at the fundraisers but not influenced.<ref name=":2" /> In 2017, Trudeau introduced legislation that would eliminate such exclusive events by requiring increased transparency for political fundraisers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 27, 2017 |title=Trudeau to end controversial cash-for-access fundraisers |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-cash-for-access-fundraisers-changes/article33788333/ |access-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814074510/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-cash-for-access-fundraisers-changes/article33788333/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2017, the [[Ethics Commissioner (Canada)|ethics commissioner]], [[Mary Dawson (civil servant)|Mary Dawson]], began an investigation into Trudeau for a vacation he and his family took to [[Aga Khan IV]]'s private island in the [[Bahamas]].<ref name="veconomist">{{Cite news |date=October 12, 2017 |title=Justin Trudeau's flying unicorn hits a storm |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730205-canadas-liberal-government-starting-make-mistakes-and-suffer-mishaps-justin-trudeaus |access-date=October 15, 2017 |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014115635/https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730205-canadas-liberal-government-starting-make-mistakes-and-suffer-mishaps-justin-trudeaus |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Canada's Trudeau faces ethics probe over Bahamas trip |url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN15029P |date=2017-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117134836/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN15029P |archive-date=2017-01-17 |url-status=dead |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> The ethics commissioner's report, released in December 2017, found that Trudeau had violated four provisions of the 2006 ''Conflict of Interest Act''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau 'sorry' for violating conflict laws with visits to Aga Khan's island |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-ethics-aga-khan-1.4458220 |date=2017-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222163414/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-ethics-aga-khan-1.4458220 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Tunney |first1=Catharine |access-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref> He became the first prime minister to break the modern federal conflict of interest law.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trudeau breaks federal ethics laws, first prime minister to do so {{!}} At Issue |url=https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/1.4459763 |website=[[CBC News]] |date=2022-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Press |first=Jordan |date=December 21, 2017 |title=Trudeau becomes first prime minister found in violation of ethics law |work=[[The Hamilton Spectator]] |location=Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |url=https://www.thespec.com/news-story/8017361-trudeau-becomes-first-prime-minister-found-in-violation-of-ethics-law/ |access-date=January 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232416/https://www.thespec.com/news-story/8017361-trudeau-becomes-first-prime-minister-found-in-violation-of-ethics-law/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, it was reported that the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] had considered bringing criminal charges against Trudeau over the affair.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Stephen |date=2022-04-26 |title=RCMP considered charging Trudeau over Aga Khan visit |url=https://macleans.ca/politics/rcmp-considered-charging-justin-trudeau-over-aga-khan-visit/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Macleans.ca |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau faces backlash in House over inquiry into Aga Khan trip |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-released-documents-show-rcmp-considered-whether-to-charge-justin/ |date=2022-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522053721/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-released-documents-show-rcmp-considered-whether-to-charge-justin/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |last1=Fife |first1=Robert |language=en-CA |access-date=May 22, 2022}}</ref>
[[File:The Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Justin Trudeau signing the visitors’ book, during his visit to Golden Temple, in Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Trudeau signs a guestbook at the [[Golden Temple]] in [[Amritsar]], India, in 2018.]]
In February 2018, Trudeau was criticized when his government invited [[Khalistan movement|Khalistani nationalist]] [[Jaspal Atwal]] to the Canadian High Commission's dinner party in Delhi. Atwal had previously been convicted for the shooting and attempted murder of Indian Cabinet minister [[Malkiat Singh Sidhu]] in 1986, as well as the assault on former BC premier [[Ujjal Dosanjh]] in 1985. Following the dinner, the PMO rescinded the invitation, and apologized for the incident.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is Jaspal Atwal? Man at centre of controversy over Trudeau's India trip remains a political mystery |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/02/26/who-is-jaspal-atwal-man-at-centre-of-controversy-over-trudeaus-india-trip-remains-a-political-mystery.html |date=2018-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304130014/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/02/26/who-is-jaspal-atwal-man-at-centre-of-controversy-over-trudeaus-india-trip-remains-a-political-mystery.html |archive-date=2018-03-04 |url-status=live |work=[[Toronto Star]] |author=Tonda MacCharles |access-date=March 4, 2018}}</ref>

====SNC-Lavalin affair====
{{Main|SNC-Lavalin affair}}
[[File:Pride Parade 2016 (28071267343).jpg|thumb|Trudeau at the 2018 [[Vancouver Pride Parade]], accompanied by then-[[Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada|Minister of Justice and Attorney General]] [[Jody Wilson-Raybould]], who would later be central to the [[SNC-Lavalin affair]] in 2019.]]
On February 8, 2019, ''The Globe and Mail'' reported that sources close to the government said that the Prime Minister's Office had allegedly attempted to influence [[Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada|Attorney General]] [[Jody Wilson-Raybould]] concerning an ongoing prosecution of [[SNC-Lavalin]]. The charges allege that between 2001 and 2011, SNC-Lavalin paid CA$48 million in bribes in [[Libya]] to officials in the government of [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. When asked about the allegations, Trudeau said that the story in the ''Globe'' was false and that he had never "directed" Wilson-Raybould concerning the case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau under fire over claim he pressured justice minister to intervene in SNC-Lavalin fraud case |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-snc-lavalin-fraud-corruption-1.5009578 |date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208011452/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-snc-lavalin-fraud-corruption-1.5009578 |archive-date=2019-02-08 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Thompson |first1=Elizabeth |language=en |access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> Wilson-Raybould did not comment on the matter, citing [[Legal professional privilege|solicitor-client privilege]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jody Wilson-Raybould says she's bound by 'solicitor-client privilege', won't comment on SNC-Lavalin scandal |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-committee-snc-lavalin-1.5011161 |date=2019-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208205912/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-committee-snc-lavalin-1.5011161 |archive-date=2019-02-08 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Tasker |first1=John Paul |language=en |access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> Soon after, Trudeau voluntarily waived privilege and cabinet confidences, permitting her to speak.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiello |first=Rachel |date=February 25, 2019 |title=PM waives attorney-client privilege in SNC-Lavalin affair |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-waives-attorney-client-privilege-in-snc-lavalin-affair-1.4311440 |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=[[CTV News]] |language=en |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425141152/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-waives-attorney-client-privilege-in-snc-lavalin-affair-1.4311440 |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 11, the ethics commissioner announced the opening of an investigation into the allegations. Trudeau said he "welcomed the investigation".<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2019 |title=Trudeau 'welcomes' ethics commissioner probe of alleged PMO interference in SNC-Lavalin case |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-welcomes-ethics-commissioner-probe-of-alleged-pmo-interference-in-snc-lavalin-case-1.4292014 |access-date=February 18, 2019 |website=CTV News |archive-date=February 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218050903/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-welcomes-ethics-commissioner-probe-of-alleged-pmo-interference-in-snc-lavalin-case-1.4292014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=From the comments: 'You're a model for all Canadian elected officials.' Readers react to resignation of Jody Wilson-Raybould |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-from-the-comments-youre-a-model-for-all-canadian-elected-officials/ |access-date=February 18, 2019 |archive-date=February 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218020325/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-from-the-comments-youre-a-model-for-all-canadian-elected-officials/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights|Justice Committee]] of the House of Commons has conducted a series of hearings on the alleged interference.<ref>{{Citation |work=National Post |title=Michael Wernick speaks to justice committee |date=February 21, 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXoffOVdd8U |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/tXoffOVdd8U |access-date=February 21, 2019 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Campion-Smith |first1=Bruce |last2=Boutilier |first2=Alex |last3=Ballingall |first3=Alex |date=February 21, 2019 |title=No 'inappropriate pressure' on Jody Wilson-Raybould in SNC-Lavalin affair, top civil servant says – The Star |work=The Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/02/21/no-inappropriate-pressure-on-jody-wilson-raybould-in-snc-lavalin-affair-top-civil-servant-says.html |access-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-date=March 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307053937/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/02/21/no-inappropriate-pressure-on-jody-wilson-raybould-in-snc-lavalin-affair-top-civil-servant-says.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Key moments from Jody Wilson-Raybould's SNC-Lavalin testimony |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/key-moments-jody-wilson-raybould-snc-lavalin-scandal-1.5036629 |date=2019-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308152039/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/key-moments-jody-wilson-raybould-snc-lavalin-scandal-1.5036629 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |author=Tasker, John Paul |access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> The investigation heard from several witnesses, including Jody Wilson-Raybould, who submitted as evidence a telephone call she secretly recorded between herself and [[Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada)|Privy Council Clerk]] [[Michael Wernick]], which was subsequently released to the public.<ref>{{cite news |title=Read and listen to Jody Wilson-Raybould's latest SNC-Lavalin evidence |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-committee-documents-audio-1.5077533 |date=2019-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424081706/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-committee-documents-audio-1.5077533 |archive-date=2019-04-24 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |language=en |access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref> On the recording, Wernick is heard asking to understand why the "DPA route" is not being used, stating that people were "talking past each other", and suggesting Trudeau obtain independent legal advice from former Supreme Court chief justice [[Beverley McLachlin|Beverly McLachlin]]. Wilson-Raybould is heard suggesting that Trudeau would be "breaching a constitutional principle of prosecutorial independence". On March 19, 2019, the Liberal committee members voted as a bloc to shut down the Justice Committee's investigation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=Marieke |date=March 19, 2019 |title=Liberals shut down SNC-Lavalin investigation at committee |work=[[iPolitics]] |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2019/03/19/liberals-shut-down-snc-lavalin-investigation-at-committee/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320120407/https://ipolitics.ca/2019/03/19/liberals-shut-down-snc-lavalin-investigation-at-committee/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Trudeau was the subject of an investigation by the [[Ethics Commissioner (Canada)|ethics commissioner]], pursuant to the ''Conflict of Interest Act'', in regard to [[Criminal Code (Canada)|criminal charges]] against [[SNC-Lavalin]] in the [[SNC-Lavalin affair]]. The commission's final report, issued August 14, 2019, concluded "Mr. Trudeau contravened section 9 of the Act".<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2019 |title=Trudeau Report |url=http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/ReportsAndPublications/Pages/TrudeauIIReport.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007012206/http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/ReportsAndPublications/Pages/TrudeauIIReport.aspx |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |access-date=October 5, 2019 |publisher=Parliament of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2019 |title=Contravention of section 9 of the Conflict of Interest Act found in report released by Commissioner Dion |url=http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/InformationFor/Pages/NRTrudeauII.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830232431/http://ciec-ccie.parl.gc.ca/EN/InformationFor/Pages/NRTrudeauII.aspx |archive-date=August 30, 2019 |access-date=October 5, 2019 |publisher=Parliament of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2019 |title=Trudeau breached federal ethics rules in SNC-Lavalin affair: ethics commissioner |url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/trudeau-breached-federal-ethics-rules-in-snc-lavalin-affair-ethics-commissioner/ |access-date=October 5, 2019 |publisher=Mclean's |archive-date=October 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004072308/https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/trudeau-breached-federal-ethics-rules-in-snc-lavalin-affair-ethics-commissioner/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wilson-Raybould now says she was contacted by RCMP over SNC-Lavalin affair |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-rcmp-snc-lavalin-1.5250225 |date=2019-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929005528/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wilson-raybould-rcmp-snc-lavalin-1.5250225 |archive-date=2019-09-29 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Harris |first1=Kathleen |last2=Kapelos |first2=Vassy |access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=White-Crummey |first=Arthur |date=August 14, 2019 |title=Scheer blasts Trudeau on day of damning SNC-Lavalin report |work=The National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/national/scheer-blasts-trudeau-in-regina-on-day-of-damning-snc-lavalin-report/wcm/cd57ea61-0280-4568-b029-e7de1d8987e9 |access-date=October 5, 2019 |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505101037/https://nationalpost.com/news/national/scheer-blasts-trudeau-in-regina-on-day-of-damning-snc-lavalin-report |url-status=live }}</ref>

====WE Charity investigation====
{{Main|WE Charity scandal}}
Following complaints by opposition parties that the Trudeau family had ties to [[WE Charity]], the ethics commissioner on July 3, 2020, announced an investigation into Trudeau's and the government's decision to have the charity administer a summer, student-grant program which could assist students financially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trudeau responded by saying WE was the charity that had the capability to administer such a program. WE and the federal government decided to "part ways" leaving administration of the grant program to the federal government.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zimonjic |first=Peter |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Ethics watchdog launches probe of Trudeau over choice of WE Charity to run $900M student grant program |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wecharity-trudeau-mario-dion-probe-1.5637195 |access-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703221230/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wecharity-trudeau-mario-dion-probe-1.5637195 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Breen |first=Kerri |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Ethics commissioner launches investigation into Trudeau, $900M WE Charity contract |work=[[Global News]] |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7137411/ethics-commissioner-trudeau-we-charity |access-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703220621/https://globalnews.ca/news/7137411/ethics-commissioner-trudeau-we-charity/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Tasker1">{{Cite news |last=Tasker |first=John Paul |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Federal government, WE Charity agree to part ways on summer student grant program |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-student-grant-program-1.5636332 |access-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703221229/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-student-grant-program-1.5636332 |url-status=live }}</ref>

WE Charity was criticized for its close ties to the Trudeau family; the investigation came after revelations that Trudeau's mother, brother, and wife were paid nearly $300,000 in total to speak at WE Charity events.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilmore |first=Rachel |date=July 9, 2020 |title=PM Trudeau's mother, brother and wife were paid to speak at WE Charity events |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-trudeau-s-mother-brother-and-wife-were-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events-1.5017697 |website=CTVNews |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718173258/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-trudeau-s-mother-brother-and-wife-were-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events-1.5017697 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's wife, mother and brother paid to speak at WE Charity events |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-prime-ministers-mother-brother-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events/ |date=2020-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819065306/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-prime-ministers-mother-brother-paid-to-speak-at-we-charity-events/ |archive-date=2020-08-19 |url-status=live |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |last1=Walsh |first1=Marieke |last2=Curry |first2=Bill |access-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Speaking on Charity Scandal, Trudeau Adopts a Now-Familiar Tone of Contrition |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/world/canada/trudeau-we-charity-apology.html |date=2020-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714015032/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/world/canada/trudeau-we-charity-apology.html |archive-date=2020-07-14 |url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Porter |first1=Catherine |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
On July 16, 2020, the ethics commissioner also announced the investigation was being expanded to include Finance Minister [[Bill Morneau]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nardi |first=Christopher |date=July 16, 2020 |title=Ethics commissioner launches WE Charity investigation into Finance Minister Bill Morneau |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/breaking-ethics-commissioner-extends-we-charity-investigation-to-finance-minister-bill-morneau |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209212446/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/breaking-ethics-commissioner-extends-we-charity-investigation-to-finance-minister-bill-morneau |url-status=live }}</ref> Trudeau was ultimately cleared of any wrongdoing by the ethics commissioner though Morneau was found to have broken the conflict of interest law.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Catherine Tunney |date=May 13, 2021 |title=Trudeau cleared in WE Charity scandal but former finance minister broke conflict law, says ethics watchdog |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-ethics-report-trudeau-morneau-1.6024982 |access-date=July 8, 2021 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712220756/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/we-charity-ethics-report-trudeau-morneau-1.6024982 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Resignation===
{{See also|2024–2025 Canadian political crisis}}
{{external media
|width =180px
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| video1 ='''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfSzRqvNJxA&ab_channel=CBCNews" Full speech: Trudeau to resign as Liberal leader"]''' (2025), [[CBC News|CBC]] (7:19min) "[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-read-the-full-transcript-of-trudeaus-resignation-speech/ transcript]"
}} 
Following the 2021 federal election, the Liberals faced declining poll numbers and disappointing results in [[List of federal by-elections in Canada|by-elections]], including losses in [[safe seat]]s such as [[2024 Toronto—St. Paul's federal by-election|Toronto—St. Paul's]] in [[Toronto]] and [[2024 LaSalle—Émard—Verdun federal by-election|LaSalle—Émard—Verdun]] in [[Montreal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Upcoming federal byelections will put Singh and the NDP brand to the test – NDP looking to both hold a Winnipeg seat and pull another away from the Liberals in Montreal |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-byelections-test-singh-leadership-1.7317935 |website=[[CBC News]] |date=2024-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911151244/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-byelections-test-singh-leadership-1.7317935 |archive-date=2024-09-11 |url-status=live |last1=Major |first1=Darren |access-date=September 11, 2024}}</ref> The months following these losses saw frequent media stories about internal frustration and discontent with Trudeau's leadership. This appeared to culminate in a caucus meeting where multiple members called on Trudeau to resign. Trudeau emerged from this meeting stating that the party remained "strong and united".<ref>{{cite web |title=Trudeau says Liberals 'strong and united' despite caucus dissent |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/trudeau-says-liberals-strong-and-united-despite-caucus-dissent-1.7083855 |website=[[CTV News]] |date=2024-10-23 |last1=Van Dyk |first1=Spencer |access-date=November 20, 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

The closing months of 2024 saw a wave of resignations in Trudeau's cabinet. On September 19, [[Minister of Transport]] [[Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)|Pablo Rodriguez]] resigned to run for leadership of the [[Quebec Liberal Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pablo Rodriguez to sit as Independent while seeking Quebec Liberal leadership |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/rodriguez-announcement-resignation-1.7327794 |date=2024-09-19 |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Blouin |first1=Louis |access-date=December 17, 2024}}</ref> On November 20, Alberta MP [[Randy Boissonnault]] resigned following allegations that he ran a business seeking federal contracts and [[Pretendian|falsely claimed]] to be [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Boissonnault out of cabinet after shifting claims about Indigenous heritage |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/boissonnault-leaves-cabinet-1.7388674 |date=2024-11-20 |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Tasker |first1=John Paul |access-date=December 17, 2024}}</ref> On December 15, Housing Minister [[Sean Fraser (politician)|Sean Fraser]] announced his intention to leave the federal cabinet in the next shuffle, citing family reasons.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sean Fraser to leave federal cabinet as PMO pushes to add Mark Carney |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/sean-fraser-leaving-cabinet-1.7411260 |date=2024-12-15 |work=[[CBC News]] |last1=Cochrane |first1=David |access-date=December 17, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2024/08/29/canadas-conservatives-are-crushing-justin-trudeau | title=Canada's Conservatives are crushing Justin Trudeau | newspaper=The Economist }}</ref>

[[File:Chrystia Freeland with Justin Trudeau in Lima, Peru - 2018 (40793939784) (Cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Trudeau seated next to [[Chrystia Freeland]] in 2018. Freeland's resignation from Trudeau's [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] in December 2024 led to the [[2024–2025 Canadian political crisis|political crisis]].]]
On December 16, 2024, [[Chrystia Freeland]] resigned as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Canada|Deputy Prime Minister]] and [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance]], hours before she was due to release the government's fall economic statement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chrystia Freeland resigns from Trudeau's cabinet and sources say Dominic LeBlanc will replace her |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chrystia-freeland-resigns-from-trudeau-s-cabinet-and-sources-say-dominic-leblanc-will-replace-her-1.7411380 |website=[[CBC News]] |date=2024-12-16 |last1=Tasker |first1=John Paul}}</ref> Freeland was often nicknamed the "minister of everything", and widely seen as a potential successor to Trudeau for the leadership of the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor-Vaisey |first=Nick |date=March 5, 2020 |title=The minister of everything, Chrystia Freeland, takes on the coronavirus |url=https://macleans.ca/politics/the-minister-of-everything-chrystia-freeland-takes-on-the-coronavirus/ |access-date=December 16, 2024 |website=Macleans.ca |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chrystia Freeland's roles in Trudeau's Liberal government |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/chrystia-freelands-roles-trudeaus-liberal-government-2024-12-16/ |website=Reuters|date=December 16, 2024 }}</ref> In her resignation letter, Freeland reported Trudeau had asked her to resign as finance minister and that she would be offered another Cabinet position. She instead decided to resign altogether from his Cabinet, saying that "to be effective, a Minister must speak on behalf of the Prime Minister and with his full confidence. In making your decision, you made clear that I no longer credibly enjoy that confidence."<ref name="resignation">{{Cite web |title=FULL TEXT Canadian finance minister's resignation letter to PM Trudeau |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/full-text-canadian-finance-ministers-resignation-letter-pm-trudeau-2024-12-16/ |website=Reuters|date=December 16, 2024 }}</ref>

Freeland's resignation came amid threats from the incoming [[Second presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] to impose [[second Trump tariffs|25% tariffs]] upon Canada,<ref name=":12">{{cite news |title=Canada's deputy PM resigns from cabinet as tensions with Trudeau rise over Trump tariffs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/16/chrystia-freeland-resigns-canada-trump |date=2024-12-16 |work=[[The Guardian]] |last1=Bowden |first1=Olivia |access-date=December 16, 2024 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> as well as Freeland's reported opposition to Trudeau's promise of $250 cheques to working Canadians who earned $150,000 or less in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 10, 2024 |title=Trudeau avoids addressing tensions with Freeland over spending on GST holiday, $250 cheques |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-freeland-signals-government-will-miss-deficit-target-ahead-of/ |access-date=December 16, 2024 |work=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA}}</ref> The resignation raised speculation as to the future of Trudeau's leadership, with renewed calls for his resignation emerging from Liberal MPs.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Canada's Deputy Prime Minister Resigns, in Blow to Trudeau's Hold on Power |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/16/world/canada/chrystia-freeland-resigns-canada-finance-minister.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=2024-12-16 |last1=Stevis-Gridneff |first1=Matina |last2=Austen |first2=Ian}}</ref> The government's economic statement, released later that day, showed a deficit of $61.9&nbsp;billion for 2023–24, exceeding the previous target of $40.1&nbsp;billion or less, and left Trump's tariff threats largely unaddressed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amid political shakeup, feds deliver fall economic statement with $61.9B deficit for 2023–24 |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/amid-political-shakeup-feds-deliver-fall-economic-statement-with-61-9b-deficit-for-2023-24-1.7146688 |website=[[CTV News]] |date=2024-12-16 |last1=Van Dyk |first1=Spencer |access-date=December 16, 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

On January 6, 2025, citing that Canada "[deserved] a real choice in the [[2025 Canadian federal election|next election]]", and that he was facing "internal battles" he felt would be a distraction, Trudeau announced during a news conference at [[Rideau Cottage]] that he would tender his resignation as leader of the Liberal Party, and as prime minister of Canada after the party elects his successor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aiello |first=Rachel |date=January 6, 2025 |title=Justin Trudeau stepping down as Liberal leader, to stay on as PM for now |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/justin-trudeau-stepping-down-as-liberal-leader-to-stay-on-as-pm-for-now-1.7165612 |access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=[[CTV News]] |language=}}</ref> He also announced that Governor General [[Mary Simon]] would [[Prorogation in Canada|prorogue Parliament]] until March 24, while the party organizes and holds its [[2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election|next leadership election]]. On January 15, Trudeau subsequently confirmed he would not seek re-election in his riding of [[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Justin Trudeau won't run for re-election as MP in next federal election |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10960867/justin-trudeau-not-running-re-election/ |website=[[Global News]] |date=2025-01-15 |last1=Previl |first1=Sean |access-date=2025-01-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> On March 9, the Liberal Party elected [[Mark Carney]] as the new leader, and the transition of power from Trudeau to Carney began the following day.<ref>{{cite web |title=After landslide victory, Mark Carney meets with Trudeau as transition to power begins |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/mark-carney-day-1-1.7479519 |website=[[CBC News]] |date=2025-03-10 |last1=Tasker |first1=Jean Paul |access-date=10 March 2025}}</ref> On March 14, Trudeau formally notified the governor general of his resignation. Carney was sworn in as the 24th [[prime minister of Canada]] later that morning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-14 |title=Swearing-in of the 30th Canadian Ministry |url=https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2025/03/14/swearing-30th-canadian-ministry |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Prime Minister of Canada |language=en}}</ref>

==Post-premiership (2025–present)==
In April 2025, Trudeau made his first public engagement following his resignation, campaigning for Liberal candidate [[Marjorie Michel]] in his former riding of Papineau. He was also present for the [[2025 Speech from the Throne]] in May, along with former prime ministers [[Stephen Harper]] and [[Kim Campbell]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Jour 13 de la campagne fédérale : les faits saillants {{!}} Couverture en direct {{!}} Radio-Canada Info | url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/info/en-direct/1012541/elections-federales-jour-13?publication=2153962 | access-date=2025-05-28 | website=ici.radio-canada.ca| date=April 4, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Comeback kids? Ex-MPs Brosseau and Aldag join the race at 11th hour - The Hill Times | url=https://www.hilltimes.com/story/2025/04/09/comeback-kids-ex-mps-brosseau-and-aldag-join-the-race-at-11th-hour/455861/ | access-date=2025-05-28 | website=www.hilltimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Trudeau attends throne speech in Adidas 'retirement runners' | url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/trudeau-attends-throne-speech-in-bright-green-and-orange-adidas-retirement-runners/article_972eafec-45a6-4396-b499-83a53b48b7c7.html | access-date=2025-05-28 | website=www.thestar.com}}</ref>

==Personal life==
===Family===
{{Main|Trudeau family}}
[[File:Justin and Sophie Trudeau - Global Citizen Festival Hamburg 08.jpg|thumb|left|Trudeau with his wife [[Sophie Grégoire]] at the 2017 [[Global Citizen Festival]] in Hamburg on the eve of the [[2017 G20 Hamburg summit|G20 Hamburg summit]].]]
Trudeau first met [[Sophie Grégoire]] when they were both children growing up in Montreal; Grégoire was a classmate and childhood friend of Trudeau's youngest brother, Michel.<ref name="GM Family Album">{{Cite news |author=Annett, Evan |date=October 30, 2015 |title=JUSTIN AND SOPHIE: THE FAMILY ALBUM |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-and-sophie-gregoire-required-reading-on-the-firstfamily/article26950165 |url-status=live |access-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122055943/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-and-sophie-gregoire-required-reading-on-the-firstfamily/article26950165/ |archive-date=November 22, 2015}}</ref> They reconnected as adults in June 2003, when Grégoire, by then a Quebec television personality, was assigned as Trudeau's co-host for a charity ball; they began dating several months later. Trudeau and Grégoire became engaged in October 2004 and married on May 28, 2005, in a ceremony at Montreal's Sainte-Madeleine d'Outremont Church.<ref name="cbc2005">{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau weds |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeau-weds-1.554781 |date=2005-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523050836/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2005/05/28/trudeau-nuptials050528.html |archive-date=2013-05-23 |url-status=live |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=August 23, 2013}}</ref> They have three children: a son, Xavier, a daughter, Ella-Grace, and a second son, Hadrien.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2014 |title=Justin Trudeau's A Dad.. Again |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/02/28/justin-trudeau-sophie-gregoire-baby_n_4858959.html |website=HuffPost Canada}}</ref>

In June 2013, two months after Trudeau became the leader of the Liberal Party, the couple sold their home in the [[Côte-des-Neiges]] neighbourhood of Montreal.<ref name="2013 Move">{{Cite news |last=McGregor |first=Glen |date=August 9, 2013 |title=Justin Trudeau moves family to his childhood stomping grounds in Ottawa |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-moves-family-to-his-childhood-stomping-grounds-in-ottawa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160105040314/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/justin-trudeau-moves-family-to-his-childhood-stomping-grounds-in-ottawa |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |access-date=November 20, 2015 |work=[[National Post]]}}</ref> They began living in a rented home in Ottawa's [[Rockcliffe Park]], the neighbourhood near where Trudeau resided as a child during his father's time as prime minister.<ref name="2013 Move" />

On August 18, 2014, an intruder broke into the house while Grégoire and the couple's three children were sleeping and left a threatening note; however, nothing was stolen and there was no damage to the property. Following the incident, Trudeau, who was in [[Winnipeg]] at the time of the break-in, stated his intention to inquire with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police about his home security.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2014 |title=Break-in at Justin Trudeau's home the latest in long-line of security breaches involving Canadian politicians |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/break-in-at-justin-trudeaus-home-the-latest-in-long-line-of-security-breaches-involving-canadian-politicians |access-date=January 31, 2016 |website=National Post}}</ref> After his 2015 electoral victory, Trudeau opted to live at [[Rideau Cottage]], on the grounds of [[Rideau Hall]].<ref name="Rideau Cottage">{{Cite news |date=October 26, 2015 |title=Justin Trudeau and family to live in Rideau Cottage, not 24 Sussex |work=[[Ottawa Sun]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/10/26/justin-trudeau-and-family-to-live-in-rideau-cottage-not-24-sussex |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref>

On August 2, 2023, Trudeau announced he and Grégoire had separated.<ref>{{cite news|last=Boutilier|first=Alex|date=August 2, 2023|title=Justin Trudeau and Sophie Gregoire Trudeau announce separation|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9872372/justin-trudeau-separation-sophie-gregoire-trudeau/|work=[[Global News]]|access-date=August 2, 2023}}</ref> On August 21, Trudeau said he was focusing on his children and the future.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 21, 2023 |title=Canada PM Trudeau says focusing on kids and future after separation from wife |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-pm-trudeau-says-focusing-kids-future-after-separation-wife-2023-08-21/ |access-date=September 29, 2023}}</ref>

===Religion===
Trudeau's father was a devout [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]<ref name="Memoir">{{Cite news |last=Mas |first=Susana |date=October 20, 2014 |title=Justin Trudeau memoir: 7 surprising revelations from Common Ground |work=[[CBC News]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-memoir-7-surprising-revelations-from-common-ground-1.2805502 |url-status=live |access-date=October 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022182156/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-memoir-7-surprising-revelations-from-common-ground-1.2805502 |archive-date=October 22, 2015}}</ref> and his mother converted from [[Anglican Church of Canada|Anglicanism]] to Catholicism just before their wedding.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Derfler |first=Leslie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8c1F0yMcqQC&pg=PA185 |title=Political Resurrection in the Twentieth Century: The Fall and Rise of Political Leaders |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137027863 |page=185 |language=en |access-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> Trudeau himself became a [[lapsed Catholic]] at age 18, as he felt that much of his day-to-day life was not addressed by the formality and structure of the church.<ref name="Ottawa Citizen1" /><ref name="Longhurst">{{Cite news |last=Longhurst |first=John |title=PM's faith has evolved with age – Trudeau's beliefs in social justice, abortion rights attract some, alienate others |work=[[Winnipeg Free Press]] |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/faith/pms-faith-has-evolved-with-age-348375211.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124123301/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/faith/pms-faith-has-evolved-with-age-348375211.html |archive-date=November 24, 2015}}</ref> Trudeau described his faith during this period as "like so many Catholics across this country, I said, 'OK, I'm Catholic, I'm of faith, but I'm just not really going to go to church. Maybe on Easter, maybe [[midnight Mass]] at Christmas.{{'"}}<ref name="Ottawa Citizen1" /><ref name=Longhurst/> After the death of his brother Michel in 1998, Trudeau was persuaded by a friend to participate in an [[Alpha course]], during which he regained his faith.<ref name="Ottawa Citizen1" /><ref name=Longhurst/> In 2011, Trudeau stated, "My own personal faith is an extremely important part of who I am and the values that I try to lead with."<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau upset Tory MP questioned his faith |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-upset-tory-mp-questioned-his-faith-1.1017541 |date=2011-11-03 |work=[[CBC News]] |language=en |access-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref>

==Honours==
<div style="text-align: center">
[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|100px]] [[File:Ordre de la Pléiade (Francophonie).gif|110px]] [[File:Order of Liberty (Ukraine) ribbon bar.svg|100px]]
</div>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:silver; text-align:center;"
|Ribbon || Description || Notes
|-
|[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|100px]] || [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]] for Canada||
* February 6, 2012: As an elected Member of the [[House of Commons of Canada]], Trudeau was awarded the medal as a member of the [[Canadian order of precedence]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=The Office of the Secretary to the Governor |date=June 11, 2018 |title=The Diamond Jubilee Medal awarded to Justin Trudeau, M.P. |url=http://gg.ca/honour.aspx?id=1298&t=13&ln=Trudeau |website=Website of the Governor General of Canada |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Ordre de la Pléiade (Francophonie).gif|110px]] || Grand Cross of the [[Order of La Pléiade]]||
* June 19, 2019: Trudeau received this honorary award from the [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|International Organization of La Francophonie]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=17300#comp |website=lop.parl.ca}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Order of Liberty (Ukraine) ribbon bar.svg|100px]] || [[Order of Liberty (Ukraine)]] ||
* August 23, 2024: Trudeau was awarded this distinction by President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] for outstanding contributions to strengthening Ukrainian-Canadian relations, supporting Ukraine's state sovereignty, and territorial integrity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента України №575/2024 |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/5752024-51877 |website=Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України |language=uk}}</ref>
|}

;Honorary degrees

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:20%;"| Location
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| School
! style="width:20%;"| Degree
! style="width:20%;"| Gave commencement address
|-
| {{Flagu|Scotland}} || '''July 5, 2017''' || [[University of Edinburgh]] || Doctorate || Yes<ref>{{Cite news |title=Canadian PM Justin Trudeau receives honorary degree |language=en |work=The University of Edinburgh |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/canadian-pm-trudeau-receives-honorary-degree |access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |work=Global News |title=Justin Trudeau receives {{as written|hono|urary [sic]}} degree from University of Edinburgh |date=July 5, 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veMI-Xw0ji8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/veMI-Xw0ji8 |access-date=July 6, 2018 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|New York}} || '''May 16, 2018''' || [[New York University]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D.) || Yes<ref>{{Citation |work=CBC News |title=Justin Trudeau's full commencement speech to NYU graduates |date=May 16, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs6jok1vplA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Vs6jok1vplA |access-date=July 6, 2018 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 Honorees, Honorary Degrees & Speakers |url=https://www.nyu.edu/life/events-traditions/commencement/all-university-commencement/honorary-degrees-speakers.html |website=NYU}}</ref>
|}

;Other awards and honours
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:silver; text-align:center;"
|Year
|Awarded
|Awarder
|Reference 
|-
|2018
|Polio Eradication Champion Award
|[[Rotary International]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Trudeau accepts polio honor for Canada |url=https://www.rotary.org/en/press-release-trudeau-accepts-polio-honor-canada |website=[[Rotary International]] |access-date=24 February 2025 |language=en |date=June 27, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|Honorary Fellowship
|[[Royal Canadian Geographical Society]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Fellowship: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau |url=https://canadiangeographic.ca/articles/honorary-fellowship-prime-minister-justin-trudeau/ |website=[[Canadian Geographic]] |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=December 30, 2020}}</ref>
|}

==Electoral history==
{{Main|Electoral history of Justin Trudeau}}

==Published works==
{{Main article|Bibliography of Justin Trudeau}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Trudeau |first=Justin |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/893647393 |title=Common Ground |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Ltd |isbn=978-1-4434-3337-2 |location=Toronto, Ontario |publication-date=October 20, 2014 |language=en |oclc=893647393}}
{{refend}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{further|Bibliography of Justin Trudeau|List of books about prime ministers of Canada}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Biscahie |first=Thibault |date=November 14, 2019 |title=Beyond the Mosaic: Justin Trudeau and the Postnational Chimera |url=https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/ljcs/article/id/2347/ |journal=London Journal of Canadian Studies |language=en |volume=34 |issue=1 |doi=10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2019v34.003 |issn=2397-0928|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Bosworth |first=Yulia |date=January 2, 2019 |title=The "Bad" French of Justin Trudeau: When Language, Ideology, and Politics Collide |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02722011.2019.1570954 |journal=American Review of Canadian Studies |language=en |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=5–24 |doi=10.1080/02722011.2019.1570954 |issn=0272-2011|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Clarke |first1=Harold D. |last2=Gravelle |first2=Timothy B. |last3=Scotto |first3=Thomas J. |last4=Stewart |first4=Marianne C. |last5=Reifler |first5=Jason |date=July 2017 |title=Like Father, Like Son: Justin Trudeau and Valence Voting in Canada's 2015 Federal Election |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1049096517000452/type/journal_article |journal=PS: Political Science & Politics |language=en |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=701–707 |doi=10.1017/S1049096517000452 |issn=1049-0965|hdl=10871/28588 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{Cite book |last=Coulon |first=Jocelyn |title=Canada is Not Back: How Justin Trudeau is in over his head on foreign policy |date=May 27, 2019 |publisher=Lorimer |isbn=978-1-4594-1334-4 |language=English |translator-last=Tombs |translator-first=George}}
* {{Cite book |last=Engler |first=Yves |title=House of mirrors: Justin Trudeau's foreign policy |date=2020 |publisher=Black Rose Books |isbn=978-1-55164-749-4 |location=Montreal Chicago London}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Findlay |first=Tammy |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Intersectionalities of Opportunism: Justin Trudeau and the Politics of "Diversity" |url=https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/ijcs.60.x.40 |journal=International Journal of Canadian Studies |language=fr |volume=60 |pages=40–59 |doi=10.3138/ijcs.60.x.40 |issn=1180-3991}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-73860-4 |title=Justin Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy |date=2018 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-73859-8 |editor-last=Hillmer |editor-first=Norman |series=Canada and International Affairs |location=Cham |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-73860-4 |editor-last2=Lagassé |editor-first2=Philippe}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Kasztenna |first=Katarzyna (Kasia) |date=November 1, 2022 |title=Framing the pandemic in the political discourse of Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump: A reconnaissance |url=https://wally.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/default/article/view/14 |journal=Working Papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York |volume=2 |pages=29–50 |doi=10.25071/2564-2855.14 |issn=2564-2855 |id={{orcid|0000-0003-2887-8467}}|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Lalancette |first1=Mireille |last2=Raynauld |first2=Vincent |date=June 2019 |title=The Power of Political Image: Justin Trudeau, Instagram, and Celebrity Politics |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764217744838 |journal=American Behavioral Scientist |language=en |volume=63 |issue=7 |pages=888–924 |doi=10.1177/0002764217744838 |issn=0002-7642|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Lalancette |first1=Mireille |last2=Small |first2=Tamara A. |date=July 6, 2020 |title="Justin Trudeau—I Don't Know Her": An Analysis of Leadership Memes of Justin Trudeau |journal=Canadian Journal of Communication |language=en |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=305–325 |doi=10.22230/cjc.2020v45n2a3445 |issn=0705-3657|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite book |last1=Lees-Marshment |first1=Jennifer |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-34404-6_2 |title=Political Branding in a Crisis and the Shifting Strategies of the Trudeau 2021 Campaign |last2=Malik |first2=Salma |date=2023 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-031-34403-9 |editor-last=Gillies |editor-first=Jamie |location=Cham |pages=9–23 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-34404-6_2 |editor-last2=Raynauld |editor-first2=Vincent |editor-last3=Turcotte |editor-first3=André}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Lim |first=Preston |date=January 2, 2020 |title=Sino-Canadian relations in the age of Justin Trudeau |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11926422.2019.1641118 |journal=Canadian Foreign Policy Journal |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=25–40 |doi=10.1080/11926422.2019.1641118 |issn=1192-6422|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Marland |first=Alex |date=May 4, 2018 |title=The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11926422.2018.1461665 |journal=Canadian Foreign Policy Journal |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=139–144 |doi=10.1080/11926422.2018.1461665 |issn=1192-6422|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite book |last1=Remillard |first1=Chaseten |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429880339/chapters/10.4324/9780429466007-5 |title=The Visually Viral Prime Minister |last2=Bertrand |first2=Lindsey M. |last3=Fisher |first3=Alina |date=December 9, 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-46600-7 |editor-last=Davis |editor-first=Richard |edition=1 |pages=63–75 |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780429466007-5 |editor-last2=Taras |editor-first2=David}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wherry |first=Aaron |title=Promise and peril: Justin Trudeau in power |date=2019 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Ltd |isbn=978-1-4434-5827-6 |edition=1 |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada}}
* {{Cite book |last=Young |first=Huguette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6vrCgAAQBAJ |title=Justin Trudeau: The Natural Heir |date=July 23, 2016 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=978-1-4597-3573-6 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg|date=February 22, 2016}}
{{Sister project links|collapsible=collapsed|d=Q3099714|commons=category:Justin Trudeau|n=category:Justin Trudeau|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|species=no|m=no|wikt=no|s=no}}
* {{Official website|https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/justin-trudeau(58733)}}
* [https://www.c-span.org/program/international-telecasts/canadian-prime-minister-trudeau-announces-resignation/654064 Trudeau Announces Resignation – January 6, 2025] on [[C-SPAN]]
* [https://www.c-span.org/person/justin-trudeau/98046/ Appearances] on [[C-SPAN]]{{Canadian Parliament links|ID=17300}}

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