View source for Chetwode

{{for|people named Chetwode|Chetwode (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place
|official_name= Chetwode
|static_image_name= ChurchAndPrioryChetwode(AndrewSmith)Mar2006.jpg
|static_image_caption= Church and Priory of SS. Mary and Nicholas
|coordinates = {{coord|51.960|-1.066|display=inline,title}}
|os_grid_reference= SP6429
|population= 173
|population_ref=(2011 Census including Barton Hartshorn)<ref name=ONS>{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11121881&c=Chetwode&d=16&e=62&g=6404051&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1359857125536&enc=1 |work=[[Neighbourhood Statistics]] |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |title=Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics |access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref>
|civil_parish= Chetwode
|unitary_england     = [[Buckinghamshire Council|Buckinghamshire]]
|lieutenancy_england = [[Buckinghamshire]]
|region= South East England
|country= England
|constituency_westminster= [[Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Buckingham]]
|post_town= [[Buckingham]]
|postcode_district= MK18
|postcode_area= MK 
|dial_code= 01280
|website= 
}}

'''Chetwode''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɛ|t|w|ʊ|d}})<ref>{{Cite LPD|3}}</ref> is a village and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] about {{convert|4|mi}} southwest of [[Buckingham]] in the [[Aylesbury Vale]] district of [[Buckinghamshire]]. The parish is bounded to the southwest and southeast by a brook called The Birne, which here also forms part of the county boundary with [[Oxfordshire]].

==Etymology==
The name ''Chetwode'' is first attested in a [[charter]] of 949 (preserved in a seventeenth-century copy) as ''Cetwuda'', and then in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 as ''Ceteode''. The first part of the name comes from the [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic]] word corresponding to modern Welsh {{lang|cy|coed}} ('wood'), expanded with the [[Old English]] word {{lang|ang|wudu}}, of the same meaning.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, Based on the Collections of the English Place-Name Society |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780521168557 |editor-last=Watts |editor-first=Victor |location=Cambridge}}, s.v. ''Chetwode''.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coates |first=Richard |title=Celtic Voices, English Places: Studies of the Celtic Impact on Place-Names in Britain |last2=Breeze |first2=Andrew |publisher=Tyas |year=2000 |isbn=1900289415 |location=Stamford}}.</ref>{{rp|278}}

==Manor==
There is a [[Manorialism|manor]] at Chetwode that stayed in the same family from the time of the [[Domesday Book]] in 1086 through to the 1960s. The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Robert de Thain held the manor from [[Odo, Earl of Kent|Odo]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux|Bishop of Bayeux]].

==Priory and parish church==
In 1244 Sir Ralphe de Norwich founded an [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[priory]] at Chetwode. In 1460, owing to its poverty, the priory was dissolved and annexed to the nearby [[Notley Abbey]] (or "Nutley" Abbey) in [[Long Crendon]]. This led to the first recognition of Chetwode as a village rather than just a priory.

The [[Church of England parish church]] of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Saint Mary]] and [[Saint Nicholas]] was once part of the Augustinian priory church. However the parish church had become ruinous in the 15th century and this building replaced it as the parish church in 1480. The stonework is a fine example of the work of the 13th century, particularly the [[sedilia]], the east window of five [[Lancet window|lancets]] and the triple-lancet window on the south side, with stained glass of the 13th and 14th centuries. The 14th century north chapel later became the manor pew.{{sfn|Betjeman|1968|p=126}}

A plan of the arrangements of the church and priory cloister in the 16th-century shows the development of Priory House.<ref>Maurice Howard, ''The Building of Elizabethan and Jacobean England'', (Yale, 2007), pp. 38–39.</ref>

==Economic history==
The parish's [[common land]]s were [[Enclosure|enclosed]] by an [[Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom|Act of Parliament]] passed in 1812.<ref name=Page>{{harvnb|Page|1927|pp=163–168.}}</ref>

In 1899 the [[Great Central Railway]] opened its [[Great Central Main Line|main line to London]] through the southwestern part of the parish. The nearest station was [[Finmere railway station|Finmere for Buckingham]], which was just over the Oxfordshire county boundary on the main road between [[Buckingham]] and [[Bicester]] and just over {{convert|1|mi}} from Chetwode. The station was {{convert|5|mi|0}} from Buckingham, more than {{convert|1|mi}} from [[Finmere]] and was actually in [[Shelswell]] parish next to the village of [[Newton Purcell]]. In about 1922 the Great Central renamed the station Finmere. [[British Rail]]ways closed the station in 1963 and the line in 1966.

The route of [[High Speed 2]] follows the old Great Central line route through the parish.

==See also==
*[[List of English abbeys, priories and friaries serving as parish churches]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources and further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Betjeman |first=John |author-link=John Betjeman |year=1968 |title=Collins Pocket Guide to English Parish Churches |volume=The South |location=London |publisher=[[HarperCollins|Collins]] |page=126 }}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Page |editor-first=W.H. |editor-link=William Henry Page |date=1905 |title=A History of the County of Buckingham |volume=1 |series=[[Victoria County History]] |location=Westminster |publisher=[[Archibald Constable]] & Co |pages=380–381 }}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Page |editor-first=W.H. |editor-link=William Henry Page |date=1927 |title=A History of the County of Buckingham |volume=4 |series=[[Victoria County History]] |pages=163–168 }}
*{{cite book |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |author-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |orig-year=1966 |year=1973 |title=Buckinghamshire |series=[[Pevsner Architectural Guides#Buildings of England|The Buildings of England]] |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=0-14-071019-1 |pages=92–93 }}

{{Commons category|Chetwode|position=left}}

{{Aylesbury Vale}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Civil parishes in Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Villages in Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Buckinghamshire places with etymologically Brittonic names]]