View source for AAI RQ-7 Shadow

{{Short description|American unmanned aerial vehicle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name = RQ-7 Shadow
 |image = File:USMC-01522.jpg
 |image_caption = A Shadow UAS in flight
 |aircraft_type = Tactical reconnaissance UAS for ground maneuver forces<br>Unmanned combat aerial vehicle (optionally)
 |manufacturer = [[AAI Corporation]]
 |designer =
 |first_flight = 1991
 |introduction = 2002<ref>{{cite web|title=RQ-7 Shadow UAV|url=http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_uav_rq7.php|work=Olive-Drab|access-date=15 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515015248/http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_uav_rq7.php|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 |retired = 
 |status = Active, in production
 |primary_user = [[United States Army]]
 |more_users = 9 other [[#Operators|users]]
 |produced = 
 |number_built = 500+<ref name="upi.com">[http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/01/26/Pakistan-gets-US-drones/UPI-79671264554927/ "Pakistan gets U.S. drones"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129102705/http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/01/26/Pakistan-gets-US-drones/UPI-79671264554927/ |date=29 January 2010 }} [[United Press International]], 26 January 2010.</ref>
 |program cost= 
 |unit cost = Per system: {{US$|link=yes|15.5 million}} (2011 dollars)<ref name=aeroweb /><br />Per aircraft: {{US$|750,000.00}} (2011 dollars)<ref name=aeroweb />
 |developed_from = [[AAI RQ-2 Pioneer]]
 |variants =
}}

The '''AAI RQ-7 Shadow''' is an American [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] (UAV) used by the [[United States Army]], [[Australian Army]], [[Swedish Army]], [[Turkish Air Force]] and [[Italian Army]] for [[reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition]] and [[battle damage assessment]]. Launched from a trailer-mounted pneumatic catapult, it is recovered with the aid of [[arresting gear]] similar to jets on an [[aircraft carrier]]. Its [[gimbal]]-mounted, digitally stabilized, [[liquid nitrogen]]-cooled [[Electro-optics|electro-optical]]/[[infrared]] (EO/IR) camera relays video in real time via a [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] [[Line-of-sight propagation|line-of-sight]] data link to the [[UAV ground control station|ground control station]] (GCS).

The US Army's [[2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation (United States)|2nd Battalion, 13th Aviation Regiment]] at [[Fort Huachuca]], [[Arizona]], trains soldiers, Marines, and civilians in the operation and maintenance of the Shadow UAS. The Shadow is operated in the U.S. Army at [[Brigade (United States Army)|brigade]]-level.<ref>[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2016-11-02/us-services-outline-future-plans-unmanned-aircraft U.S. Services Outline Future Plans for Unmanned Aircraft] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113114110/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2016-11-02/us-services-outline-future-plans-unmanned-aircraft |date=13 November 2016 }} - Ainonline.com, 2 November 2016</ref>

==Development==
The RQ-7 Shadow is the result of a continued US Army search for an effective battlefield UAS after the cancellation of the [[Alliant RQ-6 Outrider]] aircraft. [[AAI Corporation]] followed up their [[RQ-2 Pioneer]] with the Shadow 200, a similar, more refined UAS. In late 1999, the army selected the Shadow 200 to fill the tactical UAS requirement, redesignating it the RQ-7. Army requirements specified a UAS that used an aviation gasoline engine, could carry an electro-optic/infrared imaging sensor turret, and had a maximum range of 31 miles (50 kilometers) with four-hour, on-station endurance. The Shadow 200 offered at least twice that range. The specifications also dictated that UAS would be able to land in an athletic field.<ref name="Goebel">Goebel, Greg. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: [8.1] US ARMY RQ-7A SHADOW 200 / SHADOW 600"  Greg Goebel / In The Public Domain. 1 January 2009. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100114125031/http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav_08.html#m1]}}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:Preflight inspections RQ-7B Shadow.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Soldier performing pre-flight inspections on a RQ-7B Shadow in Afghanistan, 2019]]
[[File:UAV-741-F.jpg|thumb|UEL UAV-741 Wankel engine used in RQ-7 Shadow]]

The RQ-7 Shadow 200 unmanned aircraft system is of a [[Wing configuration#Number and position of main-planes|high-wing]], [[Wing configuration#Chord variation along span|constant chord]] [[pusher configuration]] with a twin-tailboom [[empennage]] and an inverted v-tail. The aircraft is powered by a {{convert|38|bhp|abbr=on}} AR741-1101 [[Wankel engine]] designed and manufactured by UAV Engines Ltd in the United Kingdom.<ref name="UEL">{{cite web|url=http://www.uavenginesltd.co.uk/products/ar741-38-bhp/|publisher=UAV Engines Ltd.|title=AR741 – 38 BHP Engine for surveillance uavs|access-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092808/http://www.uavenginesltd.co.uk/products/ar741-38-bhp/|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TM">US Army Technical Manual 9-5895-YYY-10 Shadow 200 TUAV System, 22 October 2004.</ref> Onboard electrical systems are powered by a [[General Electric Company plc|GEC]]/[[Plessey]] 28 [[volt]], [[constant current|direct current]], 2&nbsp;kW generator.<ref name="UEL" /><ref name="TM" />

Currently, the primary load of the aircraft is the [[Israeli Aircraft Industries]] POP300 Plug-in Optical Payload which consists of a [[forward-looking infrared]] camera, a daytime TV camera with a selectable near-infrared filter and a laser pointer.<ref name="TM" /><ref name="POP">{{cite web|url=http://www.iai.co.il/2013/35720-16661-en/IAI.aspx|title=Pop Family|publisher=Israeli Aircraft Industries|access-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084047/http://www.iai.co.il/2013/35720-16661-en/IAI.aspx|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The aircraft has fixed [[tricycle gear|tricycle landing gear]]. Takeoffs are assisted by a trailer-mounted pneumatic launcher which can accelerate the 170&nbsp;kg (375 pound) aircraft to {{convert|70|kn|km/h}} in {{convert|40|ft|m}}.<ref name="TM" />

Landings are guided by a Tactical Automatic Landing System, developed by the [[Sierra Nevada Corporation]], which consists of a ground-based micro-millimeter wavelength radar and a transponder carried on the aircraft.<ref name="TM" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sncorp.com/prod/cnsatm/uav/uav2.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829152401/http://www.sncorp.com/prod/cnsatm/uav/uav2.shtml|title=Sierra Nevada Corporation Web Site|archivedate=29 August 2010}}</ref> Once on the ground, a tailhook mounted on the aircraft catches an arresting wire connected to two disk brake drums which can stop the aircraft in less than {{convert|170|ft|m}}.<ref name="TM" />

The aircraft is part of a larger system which currently uses the M1152-series of [[Humvee]]s for ground transport of all ground and air equipment. A Shadow 200 system consists of four aircraft, three of which are transported in the Air Vehicle Transporter (AVT). The fourth is transported in a specially designed storage container to be used as a spare. The AVT also tows the launcher.

The AVT Support Vehicle and trailer contain extra equipment to launch and recover the aircraft, such as the Tactical Automatic Landing System. Maintenance equipment for the aircraft is stored in the Maintenance Section Multifunctional (MSM) vehicle and trailer as well as the M1165 MSM Support Vehicle and its associated trailer.

Two Humvee-mounted Ground Control Stations (GCS), also part of the Shadow 200 system, control the aircraft in flight. Each station has an associated Ground Data Terminal (GDT), which takes commands generated by the GCS and modulates them into radio waves received by the aircraft in flight. The GDT receives video imagery from the payload, as well as telemetry from the aircraft, and sends this information to the GCS.<ref name="TM" />

A trailer, towed by the M1165 GCS support vehicle, carries the GDT and houses a 10&nbsp;kW Tactical Quiet Generator to provide power for its associated GCS. The Shadow 200 system also includes a Portable Ground Control Station (PGCS) and Portable Ground Data Terminal (PGDT), which are stripped-down versions of the GCS and GDT designed as a backup to the two GCSs.<ref name="TM" />

A fielded Shadow 200 system requires 22 soldiers to operate it. Army modelling indicates that crew workload is highest at takeoff, and second-highest at landing.<ref name=work>Hunn & Heuckeroth. [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA443567.pdf A Shadow Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) Model Supporting Future Combat Systems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408130933/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA443567 |date=8 April 2013 }} p.12, 14. [[Army Research Laboratory]], February 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2011.</ref>

The Shadow is restricted from operating in bad weather conditions, not being meant to fly through rain and with sensors that cannot see through clouds.<ref>[https://news.usni.org/2016/08/01/rimpac-2016-includes-shadow-uavs-for-artillery-calls-for-fire-close-air-support RIMPAC 2016: Marines Test UAVs for Artillery Calls for Fire, Close Air Support] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113034346/https://news.usni.org/2016/08/01/rimpac-2016-includes-shadow-uavs-for-artillery-calls-for-fire-close-air-support |date=13 November 2016 }} - News.USNI.org, 1 August 2016</ref>

==Operational history==
===Service with the United States===
By July 2007, the Shadow platform accumulated 200,000 flight hours, doubling its previous record of 100,000 hours in 13 months.<ref name="comms capabilities">{{cite web|last=Child|first=Jeff|title=Small UAVs Step Up to Advanced Comms Capabilities|url=http://www.cotsjournalonline.com/articles/view/101130|work=COTS Journal|access-date=6 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614154823/http://www.cotsjournalonline.com/articles/view/101130|archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Rucker First">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Mollie|title=Cutting edge UAS technology launches at Fort Rucker|url=http://www-tradoc.army.mil/pao/TNSarchives/September%2007/092407-3.html|work=Army Flier|publisher=US Army TRADOC|access-date=6 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091356/http://www-tradoc.army.mil/pao/TNSarchives/September%2007/092407-3.html|archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> The system then surpassed 300,000 flight hours in April 2008,<ref name="Sorties">{{cite web|title=AAI Shadow 200 Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle|url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=326|work=Military Aircraft|publisher=Military Factory|access-date=6 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511102228/http://militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=326|archive-date=11 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and by May 2010, the Shadow system had accumulated over 500,000 flight hours. As of 2011, the Shadow had logged over 709,000 hours.<ref name=aeroweb>{{cite web|title=About the RQ-7 Shadow|url=http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/RQ-7-Shadow.html|author=Joakim Kasper Oestergaard|publisher=Aeroweb|date=30 September 2013|access-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101833/http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/RQ-7-Shadow.html|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Shadow platform has flown over 37,000 sorties in support of operations in [[Iraq War|Iraq]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Afghanistan]] by US Army and Army National Guard units.<ref name="Sorties" />

On 6 August 2012, AAI announced that the Shadow had achieved 750,000 flight hours during more than 173,000 missions.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130116193249/http://aaicorp.com/news_events/media_pages/news_item.html?ReleaseID=1722665 Shadow achieves 750,000 hours] – AAICorp.com, 6 August 2012</ref> More than 900,000 flight hours had been logged by Shadow UAVs by the end of June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theredstonerocket.com/around_town/article_64bcbb68-8608-11e4-a465-af1107b22f07.html|title=Aviation Community has more milestones on horizon|date=17 December 2014|author=PEO Aviation Public Affairs|work=Redstone Rocket}}</ref>

The Shadow did not see service in the Afghanistan campaign of 2001–2002, but it did fly operational missions in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The operating conditions in Iraq proved hard on the UAVs, with heat and sand leading to engine failures,{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} resulting in a high-priority effort to find fixes with changes in system technology and operating procedures. Shadow UAS have since flown more than 600,000 combat hours in support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cole|first=William|title=Hawaii Guard gets flock of Shadow UAVs.|url=http://www.staradvertiser.com/news/20110525_hawaii_guard_gets_flock_of_shadow_UAVs.html?id=122575099|access-date=14 May 2012|newspaper=Star Advertiser|date=25 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102175140/http://www.staradvertiser.com/news/20110525_hawaii_guard_gets_flock_of_shadow_UAVs.html?id=122575099|archive-date=2 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2007, the [[United States Marine Corps]] began to transition from the [[AAI RQ-2 Pioneer|RQ-2 Pioneer]] to the RQ-7 Shadow.<ref name="first usmc combat">{{cite web|last=Talton|first=Trista|title=U.S. Marines' Shadow UAV Sees First Combat|publisher=Defensenews.com|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?F=3117663&C=airwar|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731190354/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?F=3117663&C=airwar|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2012|access-date=18 November 2007}}</ref> [[VMU-1]], [[VMU-2]] completed their transition from the RQ-2 to the RQ-7 and [[Boeing ScanEagle|ScanEagle]] while [[VMU-3]] and [[VMU-4]] were activated as Shadow and ScanEagle elements.<ref name=VMU-1>{{cite web|title=Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron 1 History|url=http://www.3maw.usmc.mil/external/3dmaw/macg38/vmu1/history/history.jsp|publisher=3D Marine Aircraft Wing|access-date=10 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413191854/http://www.3maw.usmc.mil/external/3dmaw/macg38/vmu1/history/history.jsp|archive-date=13 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=VMU-2 /><ref name=VMU-3 /> VMU-3 was activated on 12 September 2008 and VMU-4 conducted its inaugural flight on 28 September 2010 in Yuma, Arizona.<ref name=VMU-3>{{cite web|title=Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron 3 History|url=http://www.3maw.usmc.mil/external/3dmaw/macg38/vmu3/history/history.jsp|publisher=3D Marine Aircraft Wing|access-date=10 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413190543/http://www.3maw.usmc.mil/external/3dmaw/macg38/vmu3/history/history.jsp|archive-date=13 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="USMC VMU-3">{{cite news|last=Jennings|first=Gareth|title=USMC prepares to stand up third UAV squadron|url=http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?ID=1065928560|access-date=10 June 2012|newspaper=IHS Jane's|date=31 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717005358/http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?ID=1065928560|archive-date=17 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2007, VMU-1 became the first Marine Corps squadron to see combat in Iraq.<ref name="first usmc combat" /> VMU-2 deployed a Shadow detachment to Afghanistan in 2009, with VMU-3 following in January 2010.<ref name=VMU-2>{{cite web|title=Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron Two (VMU-2) History|url=http://www.marines.mil/unit/2ndMAW/macg28/vmu2/Pages/history.aspx|publisher=2nd Marine Aircraft Wing|access-date=10 June 2012|archive-date=10 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310120423/http://www.marines.mil/unit/2ndMAW/macg28/vmu2/Pages/history.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=VMU-3 />

The Navy provided personnel for four Shadow platoons in support of army brigades deployed in Iraq. The first two platoons returned from 6-month tours in Iraq in January and February 2008. The Navy personnel went through the Army's training program at Fort Huachuca, Arizona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dcmilitary.com/stories/022108/southpotomac_28121.shtml|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120730083415/http://www.dcmilitary.com/stories/022108/southpotomac_28121.shtml|title=DC Military: A month later, VC-6 unit's homecoming just as sweet|archivedate=30 July 2012}}</ref>

The U.S. Army is implementing a plan to reform its aerial scout capabilities by scrapping its fleet of [[OH-58 Kiowa]] helicopters from 2015 to 2019 and replacing them with [[AH-64 Apache]] attack helicopters teamed with Shadow and [[MQ-1C Gray Eagle]] UAVs. Using unmanned assets to scout ahead would put the pilots of manned aircraft out of reach of potential harm. Reformed combat aviation brigades (CAB) would consist of a battalion of 24 Apaches for attack missions and an armed reconnaissance squadron of another 24 Apaches teamed with three Shadow platoons totaling 12 RQ-7s overall; it would also include a Gray Eagle company. The manned-unmanned teaming of Apaches and Unmanned Aircraft (UA) can meet 80 percent of aerial scout requirements.<ref>[http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20140201/NEWS/302010007/Scout-mission-compromised-by-funding-cut "Scout mission compromised by funding cut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219120550/http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20140201/NEWS/302010007/Scout-mission-compromised-by-funding-cut |date=19 February 2014 }} ''Military Times'', 1 February 2014</ref>

On 16 March 2015, the 1st Battalion, 501st Aviation Regiment was reflagged the 3rd Squadron, 6th Cavalry Regiment, making it the first of 10 Apache battalions to be converted to a heavy attack reconnaissance squadron by eliminating the Kiowa scout helicopter and having three RQ-7 Shadow platoons organically assigned; the attack battalions will also be aligned with an MQ-1C Gray Eagle company assigned to each division.  Moving Shadows from brigade combat team level to the battalions themselves reduces lines of communication, distance issues, and allows operators and pilots to better train and work together.<ref>[http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/careers/army/2015/03/16/apache-battalion-conversion/70227902/ "First of 10 Apache units converts, adds 12 Shadow UASs"] ''Army Times'', 16 March 2015</ref>

In early July 2014, the U.S. Army sent RQ-7 Shadows to Baghdad as part of efforts to protect embassy personnel against [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] militant attacks, along with Apache attack helicopters which could use them through manned and unmanned teaming to share information and designate targets.<ref>[http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20141005/NEWS08/310050035/Army-Apache-helos-used-strikes-against-Islamic-State "Army Apache helos used in strikes against Islamic State"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005175312/http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20141005/NEWS08/310050035/Army-Apache-helos-used-strikes-against-Islamic-State |date=5 October 2014 }} ''Military Times'', 5 October 2014</ref>

On 29 July 2018, the U.S. Marine conducted its final launch of the RQ-7B during [[RIMPAC]] exercises before retiring it. Since first deploying with Marines to Iraq in October 2007, the aircraft eventually equipped four tactical UAS squadrons, flying some 39,000 hours during 11 operational deployments. The Shadow was replaced by the [[RQ-21 Blackjack]], which was first deployed in 2014.<ref name="ainonline2aug14">[https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-08-02/marines-bring-shadow-operations-end Marines Bring Shadow Operations to an End] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805052136/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-08-02/marines-bring-shadow-operations-end |date=5 August 2018 }}. ''Aviation International News''. 2 August 2018.</ref>

In March 2019, the U.S. Army selected Martin UAV and AAI Corporation to "provide unmanned aircraft systems for platoons to try out as candidates to replace the Shadow tactical UAS." The Army seeks better acoustics and runway independence as compared to the old Shadow,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Judson |first1=Jen |title=US Army picks 2 drones to test as Shadow replacement |url=https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/global-force-symposium/2019/03/28/the-army-picks-2-drones-to-try-out-to-replace-shadow/ |website=DefenseNews |date=28 March 2019 |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> as well as lower equipment requirements. Shortly after the selection of the first teams, [[L3Harris Technologies]] and Arcturus-UAV (later under [[AeroVironment]]) were also picked to submit candidates.<ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/land/2021/01/29/us-army-heads-into-future-tactical-unmanned-aircraft-rodeo-next-month/ US Army heads into future tactical unmanned aircraft rodeo next month]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 29 January 2021.</ref> The four aircraft were used to evaluate requirements and assess new capabilities, and in August 2021 the Army decided to proceed with a competition for the Future Tactical Unmanned Aircraft System (FTUAS); a fielding decision was planned for 2025.<ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/land/2021/08/16/us-army-endorses-tactical-drone-contest-to-replace-shadow/ US Army endorses tactical drone contest to replace Shadow]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 16 August 2021.</ref> The Army chose the [[Arcturus T-20|AeroVironment Jump 20]] in August 2022. The procurement will inform requirements for a second program increment, which will rely on a separate competitive acquisition.<ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/land/2022/08/19/army-taps-aerovironments-jump-20-to-replace-shadow-uas/ Army taps AeroVironment’s Jump 20 to replace Shadow unmanned system]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 18 August 2022.</ref><ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2022/08/aerovironment-wins-first-increment-of-armys-future-tactical-drone-competition/ AeroVironment wins first increment of Army’s future tactical drone competition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826193820/https://breakingdefense.com/2022/08/aerovironment-wins-first-increment-of-armys-future-tactical-drone-competition/ |date=26 August 2022 }}. ''Breaking Defense''. 19 August 2022.</ref> Although the Army already planned to replace the Shadow in brigade combat teams, it was initially planned to continue to be used by combat aviation brigades and special forces units into the mid-2030s,<ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2022/10/with-army-combat-aviation-in-mind-textron-plans-upgrades-to-shadow-drone-through-at-least-2036/ With Army combat aviation in mind, Textron plans upgrades to Shadow drone through at least 2036] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021231651/https://breakingdefense.com/2022/10/with-army-combat-aviation-in-mind-textron-plans-upgrades-to-shadow-drone-through-at-least-2036/ |date=21 October 2022 }}. ''Breaking Defense''. 11 October 2022.</ref> but the Army revealed in February 2024 that it had decided to replace the entire Shadow fleet as part of an overhaul of its aviation assets.<ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/air/2024/02/08/us-army-spent-billions-on-a-new-helicopter-that-now-will-never-fly/ US Army spent billions on a new helicopter that now will never fly]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 8 February 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.defenseone.com/defense-systems/2024/02/shakeup-army-cancels-planned-fara-helo-will-retire-two-drones/394061/ In shakeup, Army cancels planned scout helo, will retire two drones]. ''Defense One''. 8 February 2024.</ref> The U.S. Army decided not to continue pursuing the FTUAS in May 2025 after determining the aircraft being developed didn't meet their needs.<ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/land/2025/05/16/army-halts-tactical-uas-competition-without-clear-plan-forward/ Army halts tactical UAS competition without clear plan forward]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 16 May 2025.</ref>

===Service with Romania===
The first Shadow 600 UAVs entered service with the [[Romanian Air Force]] in 1998, and by 2007, nine drones were in service. The drones were used during the Romanian deployment to Iraq starting from 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://adevarul.ro/stiri-interne/societate/romania-va-trimite-trupe-speciale-in-irak-666965.html|title=Romania va trimite trupe speciale in Irak|language=ro|work=[[Adevărul]]|date=3 July 2003}}</ref> These drones flew on [[IMINT]] missions as part of the [[General Directorate for Defense Intelligence]] in support of [[Multinational Division Central-South]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mapn.ro/cpresa/2849_comunicat|title=Comunicat|language=ro|website=mapn.ro|date=13 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jurnalul.ro/special-jurnalul/reportaje/irak-si-afganistan-democratie-cu-somatie-36160.html|title=Irak si Afganistan, democratie cu somatie|language=ro|author=Radu Tudor|website=jurnalul.ro|date=1 Oct 2005}}</ref> Three drones crashed during this deployment.<ref name="resboiu">{{cite web|url=https://www.resboiu.ro/shadow-600-in-armata-romana/|title=Shadow 600 in Armata Romana|language=ro|website=resboiu.ro|date=11 March 2014}}</ref>

==Variants==

===RQ-7A Shadow===
The '''RQ-7A''' was the initial version of the Shadow 200 UAS developed by AAI. The first [[Low rate initial production|low-rate initial-production]] systems were delivered to the US Army in 2002 with the first full-scale production systems being delivered in September 2003.<ref name="Goebel" /> The RQ-7A was {{convert|11|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}} long and had a wingspan of {{convert|12|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} with a {{convert|327|lb|abbr=on}} max takeoff weight.<ref name="Goebel" /> The aircraft's endurance ranged between 4 and 5.5 hours depending on mission. The "A" model aircraft also had the AR741-1100 engine which could use either 87 [[octane]] automotive gasoline or [[100LL]] aviation fuel.<ref name="TM" /> The "A" model also featured IAI's POP200 payload.<ref name="TM" /><ref name="POP" />

===RQ-7B Shadow===
[[File:RQ-7 Launch.jpg|right|thumb|The RQ-7B leaves its launcher.]]
Production of Shadow aircraft shifted to a generally improved '''RQ-7B''' variant in the summer of 2004. The RQ-7B features new wings increased in length to {{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The new wings are not only more aerodynamically efficient, they are "wet" to increase fuel storage up to 44 liters for an endurance of up to 6 hours.<ref name="TM" /> The payload capability has been increased to {{convert|45|kg|lb|abbr=off}}.<ref name="Goebel" />

After reports from Iraq that engines were failing, in 2005, the [[United States Army|Army]]'s UAV project manager called for the use of 100LL, an aviation fuel, rather than the conventional 87 octane [[Avgas|mogas]]. Avionics systems have been generally improved, and the new wing is designed to accommodate a communications relay package, which allows the aircraft to act as a relay station. This allows commanders or even the aircraft operators themselves to communicate via radio to the troops on ground in locations that would otherwise be "dead" to radio traffic.

The Shadow can operate up to {{convert|125|km|mi|abbr=on}} from its brigade tactical operations center, and recognize tactical vehicles up to {{convert|8000|ft|m|abbr=on}} above the ground at more than {{convert|3.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} slant range.<ref>[http://armyrecognition.com/february_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/textron_systems_was_awarded_a_$97_million_contract_to_modify_the_shadow_tactical_uav_30402161.html Textron Systems was awarded a $97 million contract to modify the Shadow Tactical UAV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919111455/http://armyrecognition.com/february_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/textron_systems_was_awarded_a_$97_million_contract_to_modify_the_shadow_tactical_uav_30402161.html |date=19 September 2018 }} – Armyrecognition.com, 4 February 2016</ref>

Other incremental improvements to the system include replacing the AR741-1100 engine with the AR741-1101 which increases reliability through the use of dual spark plugs as well as limiting the fuel to 100LL. Also, the older POP200 payload was replaced with the newer POP300 system.<ref name="TM" /> In February 2010, AAI began a fleet update program to improve the Shadow system. The improvements include installing the wiring harnesses and software updates for IAI's POP300D payload which includes a designator for guiding laser-guided bombs.<ref name="auto3">[http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/uvonline/aai-s-shadow-unmanned-aircraft-takes-flight-with-new-extended-wing-design/6145/ "AAI’s Shadow Unmanned Aircraft takes flight with new extended wing design"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717063713/http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/uvonline/aai-s-shadow-unmanned-aircraft-takes-flight-with-new-extended-wing-design/6145/ |date=17 July 2011 }} ''Unmanned Vehicles Magazine Online'', 19 April 2010.</ref>

Other improvements in the program will include an electronic fuel injection engine and fuel system to replace the AR741-1101's carburetted engine. The most visible improvement to the system will be a wider wing of {{convert|20|ft|m}} in span which is designed to increase fuel capacity and allow for mission endurance of almost 9 hours. The new wings will also include hardpoints for external munitions.<ref name="auto3"/>

A joint Army-Marine program is testing [[Improvised explosive device|IED]] jamming on a Shadow at [[MCAS Yuma]]. Another joint effort is to view a {{convert|4x4|km|mi|abbr=on}} ground area from 3,650 m (12,000 feet).<ref>Warwick, Graham. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3a8e57cb19-ae90-4a9e-8708-092a825d9330&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest Shadow punches above its weight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014091914/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3a8e57cb19-ae90-4a9e-8708-092a825d9330&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest |date=14 October 2011 }} ''[[Aviation Week]]'', 4 February 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.</ref>

The Army is now proposing the upgraded Shadow 152A, which includes Soldier Radio Waveform software, which allows both the command post and their troops to see the images that the UAV is projecting, as long as they are on the same frequency. It also increases the distance and area of communication.<ref>[http://www.suasnews.com/2012/11/19513/upgrades-to-the-uav-shadow-in-evaluation-stage/ Upgrades to the UAV Shadow in evaluation stage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108064559/http://www.suasnews.com/2012/11/19513/upgrades-to-the-uav-shadow-in-evaluation-stage/ |date=8 November 2012 }} – SuasNews.com, 3 November 2012</ref>

Preliminary [[Tactical Common Data Link|TCDL]] testing conducted at Dugway Proving Ground was a success. This led to an estimated fielding date of May 2010 for TCDL.<ref name="Goebel" /> In March 2015, the first Shadow unit was equipped with the upgraded RQ-7BV2 Shadow version.  New capabilities for the BV2 include the TCDL, encryption of video and control data-links, software that allows interoperability between other UAS platforms, integration of a common control station and control terminal for all Army UAS platforms, an electronic fuel-injection engine, and increased endurance to nine hours through a lengthened wingspan of {{convert|20|ft|m|abbr=on}},<ref>[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2012-07-20/aai-upgrading-half-us-armys-shadow-fleet AAI Is Upgrading Half of U.S. Army’s Shadow Fleet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706055558/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2012-07-20/aai-upgrading-half-us-armys-shadow-fleet |date=6 July 2015 }} – Ainonline.com, 20 July 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/army-achieves-dual-aviation-milestones/ Army Achieves Dual Aviation Milestones] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213307/http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/army-achieves-dual-aviation-milestones/ |date=23 September 2015 }} – Defensemedianetwork.com, 26 March 2015</ref> with weight increased to {{convert|204|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/textron-pushing-shadow-m2-airframe-as-it-signs-final-424970/ Textron pushing Shadow M2 airframe as it signs final V2 contracts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506045343/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/textron-pushing-shadow-m2-airframe-as-it-signs-final-424970/ |date=6 May 2016 }} - Flightglobal.com, 4 May 2016</ref> Shadow systems are being upgraded at a rate of 2-3 per month, with all Army Shadows planned to become BV2s by 2019.<ref>[http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=1985 Army Seeking Improved Drone Capabilities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024085002/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=1985 |date=24 October 2015 }} – 13 October 2015</ref>

In 2020, the Army introduced the Shadow Block III. The configuration allows the Shadow to fly in rainy conditions of up to two inches per hour, a four-fold increase over previous versions, carries the [[Wescam|L3 Wescam]] MX-10 EO/IR camera with enhanced image collection, has a [[Joint Tactical Radio System]] to enable communications relay, and uses a more reliable and powerful engine configuration with reduced noise.<ref>[https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-06-17/textron-completes-testing-shadow-block-iii-upgrades Textron Completes Testing of Shadow Block III Upgrades] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213021214/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-06-17/textron-completes-testing-shadow-block-iii-upgrades |date=13 February 2021 }}. ''Aviation International News''. 17 June 2019.</ref>

====Armed Shadow====
On 19 April 2010 the Army issued a "solicitation for sources sought" from defense contractors for a munition for the Shadow system with a deadline for proposals due no later than 10 May 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=c31bcaaeabb86e6b9a29f250aaed2973&tab=core&_cview=0 |title=FedBizOpss.gov, Solicitation# W31P4Q-10-R-0142, 19 April 2010 |access-date=7 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428055137/https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=c31bcaaeabb86e6b9a29f250aaed2973&tab=core&_cview=0 |archive-date=28 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although no specific munition has been chosen yet, some possible munitions include the [[Raytheon]] [[Pyros (bomb)|Pyros bomb]], the [[General Dynamics]] 81&nbsp;mm 4.5&nbsp;kg (10-pound)<ref name=gary81>[http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/infantry/mortar/81mm.html "81mm Mortar Ammunition And Fuzes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611060928/http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/infantry/mortar/81mm.html |date=11 June 2012 }} ''Gary's U.S. Infantry Weapons Reference Guide'', 10 May 2006. Retrieved 10 June 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/uvonline/general-dynamics-demonstrates-precision-strike-capability-for-tactical-uavs-with-81mm-air-dropped-guided-mortar/6032/ "General Dynamics demonstrates precision strike capability for Tactical UAVs with 81&nbsp;mm air-dropped guided mortar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717063750/http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/uvonline/general-dynamics-demonstrates-precision-strike-capability-for-tactical-uavs-with-81mm-air-dropped-guided-mortar/6032/ |date=17 July 2011 }} ''Unmanned Vehicles Magazine Online'', 6 April 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Mortars-from-Aircraft-The-Shadow-Knows-05226/|title=Arming RQ-7 UAVs: The Shadow Knows…|date=26 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226045733/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Mortars-from-Aircraft-The-Shadow-Knows-05226/|archive-date=2017-02-26|access-date=2018-03-19}}</ref> air-dropped guided mortar, as well as the QuickMEDS system for delivering medical supplies to remote and stranded troops.

The Army subsequently slowed work, and the Marine Corps then took the lead on arming the RQ-7 Shadow. Raytheon has conducted successful flight tests with the [[Small Tactical Munition]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/12/18/351080/usmc-seeks-to-arm-shadow-fast-and-without-us-army-help.html|access-date=19 December 2010|title=USMC seeks to arm Shadow, fast and without US Army help|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221022159/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/12/18/351080/usmc-seeks-to-arm-shadow-fast-and-without-us-army-help.html|archive-date=21 December 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Lockheed Martin]] has tested the Shadow Hawk glide weapon from an RQ-7.<ref>[http://www.defense-unmanned.com/article/479/shadow-uav-launches-shadow-hawk-munition.html "Lockheed Martin's Shadow Hawk Munition Launched from Shadow UAS for the First Time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322191735/http://www.defense-unmanned.com/article/479/shadow-uav-launches-shadow-hawk-munition.html |date=22 March 2014 }} ''Defense Unmanned'', 1 May 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.</ref> On 1 November 2012, General Dynamics successfully demonstrated their guided 81&nbsp;mm Air Dropped Mortar, with three launches at {{cvt|7,000|ft|m}} hitting within seven meters of the target grid.<ref>[http://www.suasnews.com/2012/11/19483/general-dynamics-us-army-team-on-tactical-uas/ ADM test] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105062256/http://www.suasnews.com/2012/11/19483/general-dynamics-us-army-team-on-tactical-uas/ |date=5 November 2012 }} – SuasNews.com, 1 November 2012</ref>

As of August 2011, the Marine Corps has received official clearance to experiment with armed RQ-7s, and requires AAI to select a precision munition ready for deployment.<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/08/17/360838/auvsi-marine-corps-experiments-with-armed-shadow.html AUVSI: Marine Corps experiments with armed Shadow] ''[[Flight International]]'', 17 August 2011</ref> AAI was awarded $10 million for this in December 2011, and claims a weapon has already been fielded by the Shadow.<ref name=rqbomb>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/missed-targets-prompt-us-marine-corps-to-arm-unmanned-shadows-366827/ Missed Targets Prompted US Marine Corps to Arm Shadows] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116155656/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/missed-targets-prompt-us-marine-corps-to-arm-unmanned-shadows-366827/ |date=16 January 2012 }} ''[[Flight International]]'', 12 January 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2012.</ref><ref name=uasv2>[http://www.uasvision.com/2012/01/05/aai-gets-66m-contracts-for-weapons-and-laser-designators-on-shadow/ AAI Gets $66M Contracts for Weapons and Laser Designators on Shadow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210200805/http://www.uasvision.com/2012/01/05/aai-gets-66m-contracts-for-weapons-and-laser-designators-on-shadow/ |date=10 February 2012 }} ''UAS Vision'', 5 January 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2012.</ref> In 2014, Textron launched the [[Lightweight Multirole Missile#FFLMM/Fury|Fury]] precision weapon from a Shadow 200.<ref>Kesselman, Scott. "[http://www.auvsi.org/HigherLogic/UI/WebServiceControls/2492014textron Textron Fury Missile Successfully Fired from Tactical UAS] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140928104114/http://www.auvsi.org/HigherLogic/UI/WebServiceControls/2492014textron |date=28 September 2014 }}" ''AUVSI'', 24 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.</ref>

By May 2015, the Marine Corps had run out of funding for weaponizing the RQ-7, and the Army had shown little interest in continuing the effort.  The Army's stance is that the Shadow's primary capability is persistent surveillance, while there are many other ways to drop bombs on targets and adding that to the Shadow would add weight and decrease endurance.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/auvsi-army-outlines-plans-to-re-engine-rq-7-411966/ Army outlines plans to re-engine RQ-7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509034325/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/auvsi-army-outlines-plans-to-re-engine-rq-7-411966/ |date=9 May 2015 }} – Flightglobal.com, 5 May 2015</ref>

===Nightwarden===
A test version called STTB flew in summer 2011. AAI is developing a bigger version called M2 with a blended wing to include a 3-cylinder {{cvt|60|hp|kW}} [[Lycoming Engines|Lycoming]] heavy fuel engine,<ref>[http://www.unmanned.co.uk/unmanned-vehicles-news/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-uav-news/aai-flies-testbed-for-next-generation-shadow-uav-developments/ AAI flies testbed for next-generation Shadow UAV developments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014051438/http://www.unmanned.co.uk/unmanned-vehicles-news/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-uav-news/aai-flies-testbed-for-next-generation-shadow-uav-developments/ |date=14 October 2011 }}, 2 August 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.unmanned.co.uk/unmanned-vehicles-news/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-uav-news/aai-flys-heavily-modified-shadow-m2-sttb-uavs/ AAI flys heavily modified Shadow M2 STTB UAV’s] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012145608/http://www.unmanned.co.uk/unmanned-vehicles-news/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-uav-news/aai-flys-heavily-modified-shadow-m2-sttb-uavs/ |date=12 October 2011 }}, 6 August 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.</ref> and began flight testing in August 2012.<ref>Gourley, Scott. [http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/uv-online/auvsi-2012-aai-textron-begins-shadow-m2-flight-tes/ "AAI Textron begins Shadow M2 flight tests"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003011055/http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/uv-online/auvsi-2012-aai-textron-begins-shadow-m2-flight-tes/ |date=3 October 2013 }} ''Shephard Media'', 9 August 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.</ref> The Shadow M2 has a conformal blended body that reduces drag, wingspan increased to {{convert|25|ft|m|abbr=on}}, and is {{convert|120|lb|kg|abbr=on}} heavier.  It can fly for 16 hours at altitudes up to {{convert|18000|-|20000|ft|m|abbr=on}}. Its endurance and service ceiling are comparable to Group 4 UASs like the [[MQ-1 Predator]], so the company is pitching the M2 as a budget-conscious alternative to larger unmanned aircraft.<ref name="auto1">[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aai-unveils-shadow-m2-363307/ AAI unveils Shadow M2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702095151/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aai-unveils-shadow-m2-363307/ |date=2 July 2015 }} – Flightglobal.com, 17 October 2011</ref><ref name="auto">[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2011-10-24/aai-unveils-larger-more-capable-shadow AAI Unveils Larger, More Capable Shadow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702163538/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2011-10-24/aai-unveils-larger-more-capable-shadow |date=2 July 2015 }} – Ainonline.com, 24 October 2011</ref><ref name="auto2">[http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20140115/C4ISRNET08/301150027/Army-s-Shadow-UAS-gets-upgrades Army's Shadow UAS gets upgrades]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}  – Defensenews.com, 15 January 2014</ref>

It has a greater payload to carry [[synthetic aperture radar]] (SAR), wide-area surveillance, navigation, [[signals intelligence]], and [[electronic warfare]] packages.  It also has the ability to be controlled beyond line-of-sight through a SATCOM link. Although the M2 uses the same internal components as the RQ-7B Shadow 200 and is compatible with existing support equipment and ground infrastructure, its greater weight necessitates changes to the existing launcher.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/> The Shadow M2 uses 80-85 percent of the components of the Shadow V2, while allowing for an additional {{convert|100|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of capability with total airframe weight increased to {{convert|720|lb|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/show-daily/aaaa/2016/04/28/textron-eyes-next-gen-shadow-long-distance-surveillance/83686606/ Textron Eyes Next-Gen Shadow Drone With Greater Payload] - Defensenews.com, 29 April 2016</ref>

In June 2017, Textron introduced the '''Nightwarden''' TUAS as a production-ready model of the developmental Shadow M2, the change in name due to significant improvements and enhancements to the system such as greater flexibility and combat capability, SATCOM features, and enhanced command-and-control. The aircraft has a range of {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}, maximum speed of {{convert|90|knot|mph km/h}}, endurance of 15 hours, can fly at an altitude of {{convert|16000|ft|m|abbr=on}}, and has a maximum takeoff weight of {{convert|750|lb|kg|abbr=on}} with a dual-payload bay with a capacity of {{convert|130|lb|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/defense-security-exhibitions-news/air-show-2017/paris-air-show-2017-news-coverage-report/3560-paris-air-show-2017-textron-systems-introduces-nightwarden-tactical-uas.html Textron Systems introduces Nightwarden Tactical UAS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626195628/http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/defense-security-exhibitions-news/air-show-2017/paris-air-show-2017-news-coverage-report/3560-paris-air-show-2017-textron-systems-introduces-nightwarden-tactical-uas.html |date=26 June 2017 }} - Airrecognition.com, 22 June 2017</ref><ref>[http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2017/6/19/textron-unveils-new-tactical-unmanned-aircraft Textron Unveils New Tactical Unmanned Aircraft at Paris Air Show] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623163319/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2017/6/19/textron-unveils-new-tactical-unmanned-aircraft |date=23 June 2017 }} - Nationaldefensemagazine.org, 19 June 2017</ref>

===Shadow 600===
[[File:Shadow 600 UAV no text.jpg|thumb|A Shadow 600 UAV]]
AAI has also built a scaled-up Pioneer derivative known as the "Shadow 600". It also resembles a Pioneer, except that the outer panels of the wings are distinctively swept back, and it has a stronger Wankel engine, the UAV EL 801, with {{convert|52|hp|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.unmanned.co.uk/autonomous-unmanned-vehicles/uav-data-specifications-fact-sheets/shadow-600-specifications/ Shadow 600 – Specifications & Data Sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418044552/http://www.unmanned.co.uk/autonomous-unmanned-vehicles/uav-data-specifications-fact-sheets/shadow-600-specifications/ |date=18 April 2012 }} 9 May 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2012.</ref> A number of Shadow 600s are in service in several nations, including Romania.<ref name="faqs.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business-international/Romania-takes-delivery-of-Shadow-600s-US-Army-tries-again-with-brigage-level-UAV.html|title=Romania takes delivery of Shadow 600s. US Army tries again with brigage-level UAV. US Navy selects UCAV contractors |publisher=Faqs.org |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref>

===SR/C Shadow===
AAI, in conjunction with [[Textron]] sister company [[Bell Helicopter]], intends to modify two Shadows with a [[CarterCopter#Concept|Carter rotor]] on top for [[vertical take-off and landing]], eliminating the need for the recovery and pneumatic launcher systems, while increasing payload and endurance.<ref name="awShadow">{{Cite web |title=AAI Adds Unpowered Rotor To Shadow UAV For VTOL {{!}} Aviation Week Network |url=https://aviationweek.com/aai-adds-unpowered-rotor-shadow-uav-vtol |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=aviationweek.com}}</ref><ref name="awFirst">Warwick, Graham. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/aviation_week/on_space_and_technology/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=a68cb417-3364-4fbf-a9dd-4feda680ec9c&plckPostId=Blog%3aa68cb417-3364-4fbf-a9dd-4feda680ec9cPost%3a6b70a5dd-92ff-4169-87fb-2b34b4658ff1&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest Carter flies VTOL hybrid] ''[[Aviation Week]]'', 26 January 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.</ref> {{as of|August 2011}}, it is expected to fly in 2012.<ref name="awShadow2">Warwick, Graham. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/asd/2011/08/01/08.xml AAI Flies Precursor To Advanced Shadow UAVs]{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[Aviation Week]]'', 1 August 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011.</ref>{{Update inline|date=September 2021}} AAI also expected to use the SR/C technology for the Shadow Knight, a powered-rotor two-propeller surveillance aircraft for the US Navy MRMUAS program;<ref name="awShadowKnight">Warwick, Graham. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=aerospacedaily&id=news/asd/2012/01/24/03.xml AAI Unveils Shadow Knight UAV For MRMUAS]{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[Aviation Week]]'', 24 January 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2012.</ref><ref name="aresShadowKnight">Warwick, Graham. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3ae4d440d4-dac8-40d6-b0d5-3a1e6dec4662&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest Introducing AAI's Shadow Knight] ''[[Aviation Week]]'', 24 January 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.</ref> however, the MRMUAS program was cancelled in 2012.<ref>Mortimer, Gary. [http://www.suasnews.com/2012/02/11920/medium-range-maritime-unmanned-aerial-system-mrmuas-to-be-cancelled/ "MRMUAS to be cancelled"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203050136/http://www.suasnews.com/2012/02/11920/medium-range-maritime-unmanned-aerial-system-mrmuas-to-be-cancelled/ |date=3 February 2014 }} ''SUAS news'', 13 February 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.</ref>

==Operators==
===Current operators===
;{{AUS}}
*[[Australian Army]]: The Australian Government has bought 18 aircraft and has replaced ScanEagle,<ref>[http://australianaviation.com.au/army-buys-18-shadow-uavs/ Army buys 18 Shadow UAVs] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120701182658/http://australianaviation.com.au/army-buys-18-shadow-uavs/ |date=1 July 2012 }} ''[[Australian Aviation]]'', 2 August 2010.</ref> and began using them in Afghanistan in May 2012.<ref>[http://www.defense-unmanned.com/article/481/australia-begins-shadow-uav-operations-in-afghanistan.html "Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial System Commences Afghan Operations"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630002914/http://www.defense-unmanned.com/article/481/australia-begins-shadow-uav-operations-in-afghanistan.html |date=30 June 2015 }} ''Defense Unmanned'' / ''[[Department of Defence (Australia)]]'', 4 May 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.</ref>
;{{ITA}}
* [[Italian Army]]: In July 2010, the Italian army ordered four Shadow 200 systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Italy-Upgrades-its-Army-with-Shadow-UAVs-06499/
|access-date=3 August 2010
|title=Italy Upgrades its Army with Shadow UAVs
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807225400/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Italy-Upgrades-its-Army-with-Shadow-UAVs-06499/| archive-date= 7 August 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
;{{KOS}}
* [[Kosovo Security Force]]: The Kosovar Minister of Defense Armend Mehaj signed a contract to buy US-made drone, type MQ DRONE, for the Kosovar Security Force.
;{{SWE}}
* [[Swedish Army]]: 8 aircraft (2 systems) were delivered early in 2011. These systems were then modified by SAAB to be more suited for Swedish use, named UAV03 Örnen. Set to be replaced.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/05/21/342307/sweden-to-acquire-aais-shadow-200.html "Sweden to acquire AAI's Shadow 200"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528185918/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/05/21/342307/sweden-to-acquire-aais-shadow-200.html |date=28 May 2010 }} ''[[Flight International]]'', 21 May 2010.</ref>
;{{TUR}}
* [[Turkish Air Force]]: Turkish Air Force; The Turkish Air Force also operates 9 RQ-7 Shadow 600s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AAI RQ-7B Shadow 200, U.S. Army UAV|url=https://www.skytamer.com/AAI_RQ-7B.html|access-date=2020-12-17|website=skytamer.com|archive-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105200123/https://www.skytamer.com/AAI_RQ-7B.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tsdrsec.uspto.gov/ts/cd/pdfs?f=/ROA/2013/01/29/20130129131202590218-85407213-016_005/evi_20422722538-124720266_._Exhibit_H_-_AAI_RQ-7_Shadow.pdf|title=Turkish RQ7|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619233935/https://tsdrsec.uspto.gov/ts/cd/pdfs?f=/ROA/2013/01/29/20130129131202590218-85407213-016_005/evi_20422722538-124720266_._Exhibit_H_-_AAI_RQ-7_Shadow.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-12-19|url=http://www.japcc.de/fileadmin/user_upload/projects/nato_flight_plan_for_uas/Flightplan_2008/03_-_2008_Flight_Plan_-_Annex_B_and_B1.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219205606/http://www.japcc.de/fileadmin/user_upload/projects/nato_flight_plan_for_uas/Flightplan_2008/03_-_2008_Flight_Plan_-_Annex_B_and_B1.pdf|url-status=dead|title=NATO Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Operational|archive-date=2008-12-19|access-date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
;{{Flagu|United States}}
* [[United States Army]]: Estimated 500 RQ-7Bs as of January 2025<ref name="Military Balance 2025">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance |date=2025 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=978-1-041-04967-8}}</ref>{{rp|37}}

===Former operators===
;{{Flagu|United States}}
*[[United States Marine Corps]]<ref name="ainonline2aug14"/>
;{{ROM}}
* [[Romanian Air Force]]: The Romanian Air Force has purchased 11 Shadow 600s,<ref name="faqs.org" /> The first six drones were acquired in 1998. One crashed in the country and three in Iraq.<ref name="resboiu"/>

==Incidents and accidents==
On 15 August 2011, a U.S. Air Force [[C-130]] cargo plane collided with a RQ-7 while on approach to [[Forward Operating Base Sharana]] in Paktika Province, Afghanistan. The C-130 made an emergency landing with damage to two engines and one wing, while the RQ-7 was destroyed completely.<ref>Hodge, Nathan, "U.S. Says Drone, Cargo Plane Collide Over Afghanistan", ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 17 August 2011, p. 11.</ref> The collision caused the cargo aircraft to be grounded for several months while being fixed, while the RQ-7 wreckage was never recovered.

On 3 April 2014, a Pennsylvanian Army National Guard RQ-7 participating in training exercises at [[Fort Indiantown Gap]] crashed near an elementary school in Pennsylvania and was then hit by a civilian vehicle destroying the drone. No injuries were reported.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abc27.com/story/25157287/military-drone-crashes-in-lebanon-county |title=Military drone crashes in Lebanon County - abc27 WHTM |access-date=4 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405165410/http://www.abc27.com/story/25157287/military-drone-crashes-in-lebanon-county |archive-date=5 April 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 10 July 2019, a U.S. Army RQ-7 operated by the [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]] crashed in the Waianae mountains near the Schofield Barracks in Hawaii.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2019/07/11/crews-responding-apparent-downed-unmanned-drone-along-schofield-mountains/ |title=Firefighters continue monitoring brush fire sparked by downed Army drone |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711051802/https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2019/07/11/crews-responding-apparent-downed-unmanned-drone-along-schofield-mountains/ |archive-date=11 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 July 2019, a Wisconsin National Guard RQ-7 lost its link to its operator at Volk Field during a training exercise. The drone went down into trees south of Interstate 90/94 between Oakdale and Camp Douglas. No injuries or damage were reported. The drone suffered "significant" damage.
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbs58.com/news/national-guard-drone-crashes-near-volk-field/ |title=National Guard drone crashes near Volk Field |access-date=18 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718183103/https://www.cbs58.com/news/national-guard-drone-crashes-near-volk-field |archive-date=18 July 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Specifications (200 Family)==
<!--  Commented out because image was apparently deleted: [[File:RQ-7B (IE) Line Drawing.jpg|thumb|RQ-7B (IE)]] -->
<!--  Commented out because image was apparently deleted: [[File:RQ-7B Line Drawing.jpg|thumb|RQ-7B with standard wing configuration]] -->
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=<!-- reference -->
|prime units?=imp
|crew=
|capacity=
|length m=3.41
|length ft=11.2
|length in=
|span m=3.87
|span ft=14
|span in=
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width in=<!-- if applicable -->
|height m=1
|height ft=3.3
|height in=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=
|airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA 4415]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |archive-date=26 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|empty weight kg=77
|empty weight lb=186
|gross weight kg=170
|gross weight lb= 375
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name= [[wankel engine|Wankel]] UAV Engine 741 used only with Silkolene Synthetic Oil{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
|eng1 kw=28.5
|eng1 hp=38
|max speed kts=110
|max speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=70
|cruise speed mph=
|range km= 109.5
|range miles= 68
|endurance=6 h/ 9 h Increased Endurance
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=15,000
|ceiling note=ELOS (Electronic Line Of Sight)
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|armament1=
|armament2=
|armament3=
|armament4=
|armament5=
|armament6=
}}

Note: When outfitted with IE (Increased Endurance) Wings, the CRP (Communications Relay Package) and the 1102 engine, endurance time is increased to 9 hours, wing span is increased to approx. {{convert|22|ft|m}}, and the service ceiling is 5,500&nbsp;m (18,000&nbsp;ft) (only with authorization).

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[AAI RQ-2 Pioneer]]
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
* [[List of active United States military aircraft]]
|see also=
* [[Dragon Eye]]
* [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle]]
}}

==References==
* ''This article contains material that originally came from the web article {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110902194407/http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav.html ''Unmanned Aerial Vehicles'']}} by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.''

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website|http://www.textronsystems.com/products/unmanned/shadow}}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/shadow.htm RQ-7 Shadow 200 Tactical UAV]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070717092608/http://www.defense-update.com/products/s/shadow.htm Shadow TUAV update]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051124214349/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-2-05/EO-sensors.htm UAV payloads]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/07/AR2005110701450.html Iran Protests U.S. Aerial Drones] (RQ-7 crashes in [[Iran]]), ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 8 November 2005

{{Textron aircraft}}
{{Q-UAVs}}

[[Category:AAI Corporation aircraft|Q-07]]
[[Category:2000s United States military reconnaissance aircraft]]
[[Category:Unmanned military aircraft of the United States]]
[[Category:Twin-boom aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined pusher aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Airborne military robots]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1991]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear]]