View source for Monkey D. Luffy

{{Short description|Fictional character from One Piece}}
{{Redirect|Luffy|the French professional fighting games player|Luffy (gamer)|the series of robberies committed under the alias "Luffy"|Luffy robberies}}
{{family name hatnote|Monkey}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox character
| series = [[One Piece]]
| image = Monkey D Luffy.png
| image_size = 160px
| first = ''One Piece'' chapter 1: "Romance Dawn" (''[[Weekly Shōnen Jump]]'' No. 34, 1997)
| creator = [[Eiichiro Oda]]
| portrayer = [[Iñaki Godoy]]
| voice = See [[#Portrayals|Portrayals]]
| occupation = Pirate (Captain)
| alias = {{nihongo|Straw Hat|麦わら|Mugiwara}}
| relatives = <!-- This list is reserved for immediate family members only: namely sons/daughters, parents, siblings, and spouses. Do not add grandchildren, in-laws, or other descendants here! (exceptions listed below) -->
{{Plainlist|
* [[Monkey D. Garp]] (grandfather)
* [[Monkey D. Dragon]] (father) 
* [[Portgas D. Ace]] (sworn brother) <!-- important relationship as shown in One Piece -->
* [[Sabo (One Piece)|Sabo]] (sworn brother) <!-- important relationship as shown in One Piece -->
}}
| lbl21 = Affiliations
| data21 = [[Straw Hat Pirates]] ([[Sea captain|captain]])<br>[[List of One Piece characters#Straw Hat Grand Fleet|Straw Hat Grand Fleet]] (de facto [[Commodore (rank)|commodore]])<br>[[List of One Piece characters#Worst Generation|Worst Generation]] (member)<br>[[Four Emperors (One Piece)|Four Emperors]] (member)<br>[[List of One Piece characters#Ninja-Pirate-Mink-Samurai Alliance|Ninja-Pirate-Mink-Samurai Alliance]] (co-leader, disbanded)
| lbl24 = Age
| data24 = 7 (debut)<br>17 (pre-time skip)<br>19 (post-time skip)
| lbl31 = [[Devil Fruit]]
| data31 = {{nihongo|Human-Human Fruit, Model: Nika|ヒトヒトの実 モデル“ニカ”|Hito Hito no Mi, Moderu: Nika}} (better known as {{nihongo|Gum-Gum Fruit|ゴムゴムの実|Gomu Gomu no Mi}})<!--Please do not remove or change the name to its Japanese equivalent without providing the English translation. Wikipedia guidelines dictate we must use the English language name. Please see the article's discussion page for more information.-->{{refn|group=n|name=Gomu|Popularly known as the {{nihongo|Gum-Gum Fruit|ゴムゴムの実|Gomu Gomu no Mi}}. It is a Mythical Zoan-type Devil Fruit that allows the user to transform into the legendary "Sun God Nika" or "Warrior of Liberation", and can gain his attributes, namely a body with the properties of rubber.<ref name="ch1044">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=One Piece|series=|volume=|year=2022|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|isbn=|chapter=1044 解放の戦士|pages=04–05}}</ref>
}}
| lbl32 = Bounties
| data32 = [[File:Berrysymbol.svg|10px]]3,000,000,000 (current, seventh) <small><br>[[File:Berrysymbol.svg|10px]]30,000,000 (first)<br>[[File:Berrysymbol.svg|10px]]100,000,000 (second)<br>[[File:Berrysymbol.svg|10px]]300,000,000 (third)<br>[[File:Berrysymbol.svg|10px]]400,000,000 (fourth)<br>[[File:Berrysymbol.svg|10px]]500,000,000 (fifth)<br>[[File:Berrysymbol.svg|10px]]1,500,000,000 (sixth)</small><ref name=vol11>{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=The Meanest Man in the East|series=One Piece|volume=11|year=1999|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=|isbn=1-4215-0663-7|chapter=96 The Meanest Man in the East}}</ref><ref name=vol23>{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title= Vivi's Adventure|series=One Piece|volume=23|year=1999|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=|isbn= 978-1-4215-2844-1|chapter=213 [[V.I.P]]}}</ref><ref name="vol45">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title= You Have My Sympathies|series=One Piece|volume=45|year=2007|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=|isbn=978-1-4215-3461-9|chapter=435 You Have My Sympathies}}</ref><ref name="vol61">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title= Romance Dawn: For the New World|series=One Piece|volume=61|year=2011|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=|isbn= 978-1-4215-4144-0|chapter=601 Romance Dawn: For the New World}}</ref><ref name=vol80>{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title= Opening Speech|series=One Piece|volume=80|year=2015|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=|isbn= 978-1-42-159024-0|chapter=801 Opening Speech}}</ref><ref name=vol90>{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=Sacred Marijoa|series=One Piece|volume=90|year=2019|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=|isbn=978-1-9747-0700-3|chapter=903 Fifth Emperor}}</ref><ref name="ch1053"/>
}}
{{nihongo|'''Monkey D. Luffy''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|f|i|}} {{respell|LOO|fee}})|モンキー・D・ルフィ|Monkī Dī Rufi|{{IPA|ja|ɾɯꜜɸiː|}}|lead=yes}}, also known as {{nihongo foot|"'''Straw Hat'''" '''Luffy''',|麦わらのルフィ|Mugiwara no Rufi|group=n}} is a fictional character and the [[protagonist]] in the Japanese manga series ''[[One Piece]]'' created by [[Eiichiro Oda]]. Luffy made his debut as a young boy who acquires the properties of rubber after accidentally eating one of the [[One Piece#Setting|Devil Fruit]]s.

Monkey D. Luffy is the captain of the [[Straw Hat Pirates]], and dreamt of being a pirate since childhood from the influence of his idol and mentor [[Red-Haired Shanks]]. At the age of 17, Luffy sets sail from the East Blue Sea to the Grand Line in search of the legendary treasure One Piece, to succeed [[Gol D. Roger]] as "King of the Pirates". He fights multiple antagonists, and aids and befriends the inhabitants of several islands on his journey. Usually cheerful, he becomes serious and even aggressive when he fights. Luffy uses his rubber body to concentrate his power, executing a range of attacks. In his signature attack, the Gum-Gum Pistol, he slingshots punches at opponents from a distance. Luffy also grows stronger over the course of the story by transforming his body through different "Gears"; this is reflected in his bounty, which is used to measure the threat he poses to the World Government, which forbids piracy. Luffy clashes with the three kinds of [[great power]]s in ''One Piece'': the World Government's Marines and its allied [[privateer]]s known as the Seven Warlords of the Sea, and the most influential pirate captains known as the Four Emperors.

Luffy is the grandson of vice-admiral [[List of One Piece characters#Monkey D. Garp|Monkey D. Garp]] of the Marines, the son of Revolutionary Army leader [[List of One Piece characters#Monkey D. Dragon|Monkey D. Dragon]], and [[blood brother|sworn brother]] to [[Portgas D. Ace]] and [[List of One Piece characters#Sabo|Sabo]]. During the course of Luffy's journey, he makes many friends and recruits to his crew the [[swordsman]] [[Roronoa Zoro]], [[navigator]] [[Nami (One Piece)|Nami]], [[sniper]] [[Usopp]], [[chef]] [[Sanji (One Piece)|Sanji]], [[Physician|doctor]] [[Tony Tony Chopper]], [[Archaeology|archaeologist]] [[Nico Robin]], [[Shipbuilding|shipwright]] [[Franky (One Piece)|Franky]], [[musician]] [[Brook (One Piece)|Brook]], and [[helmsman]] [[Jimbei]], who was once one of the Seven Warlords. Luffy's rise alters the [[Balance of power (international relations)|balance of power]] between great powers on the Blue Planet. After two years, Luffy gains [[List of One Piece characters#Straw Hat Grand Fleet|a grand fleet]] of over 5,600 pirates, becomes an Emperor of the Sea, then puts Fish-Man Island and the Wano Country under his [[protectorate|protection]]. Luffy is currently one of the three most powerful pirate captains alongside his mentor Shanks and his rival [[List of One Piece characters#Marshall D. Teach|Blackbeard]].

Luffy appears in most episodes, films, television specials, and [[Original video animation|OVAs]] of the manga's anime adaptations, as well as in several of the franchise's [[video game]]s. Due to the series' international popularity, Luffy is one of the world's most recognizable manga and anime characters. Beyond the ''One Piece franchise'', the character also appears in various manga, anime series, and collaborative video games. His critical reception has been largely positive, with him placing first in every popularity poll.

==Creation and conception==
===Development===
When [[Eiichiro Oda]] created Luffy, he initially strove for a "manliness" similar to that of [[Akira Toriyama]]'s ''[[Dragon Ball]]'' series.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Oda|first1= Eiichiro|author-link1= Eiichiro Oda|title= One Piece Color Walk|volume= 1|date= 19 July 2001|publisher= Shueisha |language= ja|isbn= 978-4-08-859217-6|page=105 |chapter= Interview with Eiichiro Oda and Akira Toriyama}}</ref> Oda said that he named his main character "Luffy" because he felt that the name suited him. When he later learned about the sailing term, "[[luffing]]", he was delighted by the coincidence.<ref name=shonenjumpoda /> In his prototype one-shot, "Romance Dawn", Oda refined the artistic style and story elements before publishing the final product a year later as the first chapter of ''One Piece''. In the second version of "Romance Dawn", Luffy resembled his design at the beginning of the series.<ref>{{cite book |title=WANTED! |date=November 4, 1998 |isbn=4-08-872631-6 |chapter=Romance Dawn |pages=157–201 |author1=尾田栄一郎 |publisher=集英社 |language=ja}}</ref> After the one-shot of ''One Piece'' was made, Oda contacted his former mentor, [[Nobuhiro Watsuki]], whom he assisted in making the manga ''[[Rurouni Kenshin]]''. Watsuki was pleased with Luffy's characterization and advised Oda to briefly change him for the main series to make it look like Luffy is always acting on his own free will.<ref>{{cite book|author=Watsuki, Nobuhiro|publisher=Shueisha|title=Rurouni Kenshin Exhibition book|year=2021}}</ref> To please his readers, Oda added rubberization to Luffy for comic effect<ref name="shonenjumpoda">{{cite magazine |title=One Piece |magazine=[[Shonen Jump (magazine)|Shonen Jump]] |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=March 2003 |publisher=[[Viz Media]]}}{{page needed|date=April 2012}}</ref> and tries to make the character straightforward.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Watanabe|first=Roy|title=Interview with Eiichiro Oda|language=ja|journal=Comickers|issue=October 1998}}</ref> In retrospect, Watsuki felt characters like Luffy reflect a trend of heroes who do not kill their enemies similar to his character [[Himura Kenshin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kai-you.net/article/80090/page/2|title=和月伸宏インタビュー 『るろうに剣心 最終章』に至る、実写と漫画が歩んだ10年|website=Kai You|date=23 April 2021|accessdate=December 8, 2022|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810051837/https://kai-you.net/article/80090/page/2|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Portrayals===
In the original Japanese version of the ''One Piece'' [[One Piece (1999 TV series)|anime series]] and later spin-offs of the franchise, Luffy is voiced by [[Mayumi Tanaka]].<ref name="threejap">{{cite episode|title=俺はルフィ! 海賊王になる男だ!|series=One Piece|credits=Toei Animation|network=Fuji TV|airdate=October 20, 1998}}</ref> Tanaka said jokingly that she regrets providing Luffy's voice because she is a mother in real life and Luffy is much younger.<ref>{{cite book |last= Oda |first= Eiichiro |title= One Piece, Vol. 52 |year= 2008|publisher= [[Shueisha]]|isbn= 978-4-08-874602-9 |page=168 }}</ref> Asked about her voicing, Tanaka said that she "strives for reality" in scenes where Luffy speaks when he is eating or touching his nose.<ref>{{cite book |last= Oda |first= Eiichiro |title= One Piece, Vol. 52 |year= 2008|publisher= [[Shueisha]]|isbn= 978-4-08-874602-9 |page=188 }}</ref> In the OVA ''[[One Piece#Festival films and original video animation|Defeat the Pirate Ganzack!]]'', Luffy was voiced by [[Urara Takano]].<ref>{{cite video |date = 1998 |title = One Piece 倒せ！海賊ギャンザック！！|medium = [[DVD]] |publisher = Shueisha}}</ref>

In [[Odex]]'s English-dubbed VCDs produced by Voiceovers Unlimited, Luffy is voiced by Chuck Powers, the director of said English version. In this edition his name is mispronounced as "Luh-fee" ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|f|iː}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freewebs.com/singaporeanonepiece/aninterviewwithluffy.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723045950/http://www.freewebs.com/singaporeanonepiece/aninterviewwithluffy.htm|url-status=unfit|title=An Interview with Luffy! - The Singaporean One Piece Dub!|archive-date=2013-07-23}}</ref> The character was voiced by [[Erica Schroeder]] in [[4Kids Entertainment]]'s English-language dubs of the franchise between 2004–2006. Following [[Funimation]]/[[Crunchyroll]]'s acquisition of the franchise license in 2007, [[Colleen Clinkenbeard]] became the voice of Luffy in all English-language releases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-07-01/funimation-confirms-onepiece-dub-cast-ax-2007|title=Funimation Confirms One Piece Dub Cast|work=Anime News Network|access-date=2017-07-25|language=en|archive-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621205553/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-07-01/funimation-confirms-onepiece-dub-cast-ax-2007|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[One Piece (2023 TV series)|live action adaptation]] of ''One Piece'', Luffy is portrayed by [[Mexicans|Mexican]] actor [[Iñaki Godoy]],<ref name=Godoy>{{cite web|title=¿Quién es Iñaki Godoy, el actor mexicano que protagonizará el live action de 'One Piece'?|url=https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2021/11/10/tikitakas/1636570858_812430.html|last=Méndez|first=Dora|date=10 November 2021|access-date=April 30, 2022|archive-date=2 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102115636/https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2021/11/10/tikitakas/1636570858_812430.html|url-status=live}}</ref> while Colton Osorio plays Luffy as a kid.<ref>{{cite tweet |number=1550726252482310144 |user=onepiecenetflix |author=ONE PIECE(ワンピース) Netflix |title=Anchors away @coltonosorio |date=July 23, 2022 |access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref> Godoy and Tanaka reprised their roles as Luffy in the Latin American Spanish and Japanese dubs of the adaptation respectively.<ref name="PopBuzz">{{cite web|title=Iñaki Godoy: Age, height and facts about One Piece live-action Luffy|url=https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/inaki-godoy/age/|work=PopBuzz|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tudum">{{cite web |access-date=2023-08-01 |first=Phillipe |language=en |last=Thao |title=The Original ONE PIECE Japanese Cast Joins the Upcoming Live-Action Adaptation |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/one-piece-original-japanese-cast-joins-series |work=[[Tudum]]}}</ref>

==Description==
Luffy is usually recognizable by his [[straw hat]], a gift from [[List of One Piece characters#Shanks|"Red-Haired" Shanks]]. In his early childhood, he wears a white shirt and blue shorts. The character has a scar under his left eye from stabbing himself to demonstrate his courage to Shanks and his crew.<ref name="ch1">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=ROMANCE DAWN —冒険の夜明け—|series=One Piece|volume=1|year=1997|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn= 4-08-872509-3|chapter=1}}</ref> He later wears a red vest, [[denim]] shorts, and sandals, before replacing his vest with a red, unbuttoned sea captain's coat<ref name="ch598">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=Romance Dawn: For the New World|series=One Piece|volume=61|year=2011|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn= 978-4-08-870175-2|chapter=598 2年後}}</ref> (revealing the X-shaped scar on his chest he received from Akainu),<ref name="ch578">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=ポートガス・D・エース死す|series=One Piece|volume=59|year=2010|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-870083-0|chapter=578 新時代へ贈るもの}}</ref> and a yellow sash tied around his waist.<ref name="ch598" /> In an interview, Eiichiro Oda said Luffy's real-world nationality analogue is [[Brazilians|Brazilian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotaku.com/the-real-world-nationalities-of-one-piece-characters-1729134030|title=The Real-World Nationalities of One Piece Characters|website=Kotaku|last=Ashcraft|first=Brian|date=September 7, 2019|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206043456/https://kotaku.com/the-real-world-nationalities-of-one-piece-characters-1729134030|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Personality===
Luffy is portrayed as a carefree, fun-loving, happy-go-lucky character with great ambition and a huge appetite, often thinking with his stomach and comically gorging himself. Optimistic<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZmmFoeM7QcC&q=luffy+personality&pg=PA151|title=The One Piece Adventurer: A Treasure Trove of Trivia|isbn=9781932897234|access-date=October 2, 2018|last1=Fujie|first1=Kazuhisa|last2=Hot|first2=Onno can't|date=15 May 2007|publisher=DH Publishing |archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810051751/https://books.google.com/books?id=AZmmFoeM7QcC&q=luffy+personality&pg=PA151|url-status=live}}</ref> and generally good-hearted, he is not as dimwitted as many believe him to be, and he often demonstrates more understanding than the other characters expect. Knowing the danger ahead, Luffy is willing to risk his life to become King of the Pirates and protect his crew. A capable and reliable captain, he never puts his crew or himself at risk out of incompetence. During the Loguetown story arc, Smoker (a navy captain at the time) says that Luffy "enjoys playing stupid"; Luffy responds with a mysterious smile.

He enlists Chopper and Brook for his crew not just for their personality or appearance, but also because of his instinctive ability to read people. Luffy needs key jobs filled by his crew (cook, navigator, medic, musician, and shipwright, filled by Sanji, Nami, Chopper, Brook, and Franky, respectively). At the beginning of the series, he said that he wanted at least ten crew members with abilities he felt necessary for his goal. Despite his carefree personality, each crew member respects him in their own way.<ref name="ch149">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:ヒルルクの桜|series=One Piece|volume=17|year=2001|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn= 4-08-873073-9|chapter=149 Rumble}}</ref><ref name="ch460">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:オーズの冒険|series=One Piece|volume=48|year=2007|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-874442-1|chapter=460 夜明け前に取り返せ!!}}</ref> Luffy is rarely concerned about the consequences of his actions, doing what he feels is right at the moment, even if it leads to retaliation by a powerful force.<ref name="ch502">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:11人の超新星|series=One Piece|volume=51|year=2008|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-874563-3|chapter=502 天竜人の一件}}</ref> He is an extremely loyal captain, who has demonstrated throughout the series that he is willing to risk his life for the well-being of his crew.<ref name="ch398">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:宣戦布告|series=One Piece|volume=41|year=2006|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-874442-1|chapter=398 宣戦布告}}</ref>

===Abilities===
====Devil Fruit====
Luffy's rubber attributes are a result of him eating a devil fruit called the Human-Human fruit model Sun God Nika. This devil fruit is thought to be called the Gum-Gum fruit due to the world government's propaganda.<ref>({{cite web|url = http://manganohi.jp/2007/12/9419.html|title = Interview with Eiichiro Oda|access-date = November 6, 2008 |publisher = manganohi.jp|language=ja|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080204191903/http://manganohi.jp/2007/12/9419.html| archive-date =February 4, 2008}})</ref><ref name="vol8p44">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=死なねェよ|series=One Piece|volume=8|year=1999|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|isbn=4-08-872712-6|page=44}}</ref> Granting him a rubber-like body, his powers make him immune to electric attacks and most blunt forces, but he is susceptible to attacks made with a sharp object or weapon (eg. sword, spear). His rubber devil fruit powers grant him the ability to stretch his body at will. He uses his elasticity to accelerate part or all of his body to deliver punches, kicks, head butts, and many other varied attacks as seen throughout the series. Like others who have eaten a Devil Fruit, Luffy cannot swim; when he is submerged in water or contacts the Sea-Prism Stone, he loses his strength and cannot move on his own. In addition to his Devil Fruit powers, he has immense strength, durability, speed, reflexes, agility, endurance, and stamina.

Luffy's signature attack is the {{Nihongo|Gum-Gum Pistol|ゴムゴムの{{Ruby|銃|ピストル}}|Gomu Gomu no Pisutoru}}, a punch which he learned during years of training. Another technique developed later in the series is {{nihongo|Gear 2|ギア{{Ruby|2|セカンド}}|Gia Sekando}}, which increases his strength and speed for a short time but strains his body and can shorten his lifespan if used too long. Observing [[List of One Piece characters#CP9|CP9's]] {{nihongo|Shave|剃|Soru}} technique, Luffy adapts the move to his rubber body and can make his arms or legs bigger. {{nihongo|Gear 3|ギア{{Ruby|3|サード}}|Gia Sādo}}, another technique, uses air in his bones to attack but makes him shrink afterward.<ref name="ch388">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:ギア|series=One Piece|volume=40|year=2008|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-874003-4|chapter=388 ギア２}}</ref> Luffy can use both techniques simultaneously; after the two year time skip, he gains better control of these techniques and is no longer affected by their drawbacks.

Luffy develops another technique, {{nihongo|Gear 4|ギア{{Ruby|4|フォース}}|Gia Fōsu}} (similar to Gear 3), inflating his muscles with air to increase the size of his body (except for his legs) while his limbs are coated in Armament Haki. In contrast to Gears 2 and 3, Luffy uses compression rather than extension for his attacks, compressing and releasing his limbs to dish out devastating blows. The force of his kicks are to an extent that he uses them to fly in a similar fashion to CP9's {{nihongo|Moon Walk|月歩|Geppō}} technique.<ref name="ch784">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:ギア|series=One Piece|volume=78|year=2015|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|chapter=784 ギア２}}</ref>

Later, it is revealed that the Gum-Gum Fruit's real name is the "Human-Human Fruit, Model: Nika", a Mythical Zoan-type Devil Fruit whose "awakening" grants Luffy's [[Rubber hose animation|rubber-like body increased strength and freedom]], including turning the environment and other living beings into rubber, which is limited only by the user's imagination. It is for this reason that the user is said to become a [[trickster]] [[solar deity|sun god]] known as the "embodiment of freedom", able to bring joy to the people around them and making it "the most ridiculous power in the world".<ref name="ch1044"/> In {{Nihongo|Gear 5|ギア{{Ruby|5|フィフス}}|Gia Fifusu}}, Luffy's hair and clothes also turn white. The World Government renamed it to erase the fruit's original name from history and reclassified it as a Paramecia in order to conceal its true nature.<ref name="ch1044"/> The fruit was originally a treasure sought by the World Government for over 800 years until it was stolen by Red-haired Shanks.<ref name="ch1017">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:花形登場|series=One Piece|volume=101|year=2021|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-883003-2|chapter=1017 号令}}</ref><ref name="ch1018">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:花形登場|series=One Piece|volume=101|year=2021|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-883003-2|chapter=1018 ジンベエvs.バーサスフーズ・フー}}</ref> According to the Five Elders, the fruit had not been awakened for centuries prior to Luffy's having done so.<ref name="ch1044"/>

====Haki====
Luffy has the ability to use {{nihongo|Haki|覇気||ambition}}. This ability has three types: {{nihongo|Armament Haki|武装色の覇気|Busōshoku no Haki}}, an armor-like force, which can amplify defense and the force of attacks and negate a Devil Fruit user's defense, allow physical contact and damage; {{nihongo|Observation Haki|見聞色の覇気|Kenbunshoku no Haki}}, a sixth sense, which can read a person's moves and detect their presence; and {{nihongo|Conqueror's Haki|覇王色の覇気|Haōshoku no Haki}}, which can render weak-willed people or animals near him unconscious.<ref name="ch495">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:11人の超新星|series=One Piece|volume=51|year=2008|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-874563-3|chapter=495 ガオン砲}}</ref> Luffy learns all those types of Haki and uses them with his improved attacks. As a result of his encounter with [[List of One Piece characters#Impel Down|Magellan]], he has also developed an immunity to poison (although it is shown that a strong poison may affect him, albeit very slowly). During his fight against Charlotte Katakuri, Luffy gains an advanced form of Observation Haki (Called Future Sight) to see several seconds into the future.<ref name="ch891">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:BADEND MUSICAL|series=One Piece|volume=89|year=2018|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-881496-4|chapter=891 信じられてる}}</ref> During his time at Udon prison in Wano, Luffy gains two new advanced forms of Armament Haki. The first one is called Emission to shoot a short blast of Haki from a distance while the second one is called Internal Destruction which can also go inside his target's body or objects and destroy it from within.<ref name="ch955">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|script-title=ja:おでんの冒険|series=One Piece|volume=95|year=2020|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-882169-6|chapter=955 閻魔}}</ref> During his fight with [[Kaidou]] at the top of Onigashima, Luffy unlocks an advanced form of Conqueror's Haki. It is the ability to coat his entire body with it, similar to Armament Haki, which could further enhance his attacks.<ref name="ch1010">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=One Piece, Vol. 100 |script-title=ja:覇王色|volume=100|year=2021|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-1-9747-3217-3|chapter=1010 覇王色}}</ref>

===Bounty===
Throughout ''One Piece'', the [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] placed on Luffy continually increases as he faces off against increasingly powerful pirates, representing his notoriety in the ''One Piece'' world. After defeating [[Buggy the Clown|Buggy]], [[Don Krieg]], and [[Arlong]] of East Blue, early on in the series, Luffy's initial bounty is set to 30,000,000 Berries. By the major timeskip in ''One Piece'', this number had increased to 400,000,000 Berries after defeating some of the [[Seven Warlords of the Sea]], rampaging at [[Enies Lobby]], and retaking [[Nico Robin]]. After defeating the pirate emperor [[List of One Piece characters#Kaido|Kaido]], Luffy's total bounty has increased to 3 billion Berries after becoming one of the "[[Four Emperors (One Piece)|Four Emperors]] in the New World."<ref name="ch1053">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=One Piece|series=|volume=|year=2022|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|isbn=|chapter=1053 The New Emperors|pages=02, 17}}</ref>

==Appearances==
==={{anchor|In ''One Piece''}}''One Piece''===

Luffy first appears as a young boy in Windmill Village located in the Goa kingdom, where he befriends the pirate [[List of One Piece characters#Shanks|"Red-Haired" Shanks]] and intends to become one himself. He accidentally eats the Gum-Gum Devil Fruit and acquires rubber powers at the cost of being unable to swim. Shanks later saves Luffy from being devoured by a Sea King, a monstrous sea beast, at the cost of his left arm. Before departing Windmill Village, Shanks gives Luffy his treasured straw hat, on the condition that he becomes a great pirate someday and returns it to him. Ten years later, Luffy leaves the village in a small fishing boat in search of the legendary treasure 'One Piece' to become the next King of the Pirates. He meets swordsman [[Roronoa Zoro]], ocean [[navigator]] and thief [[Nami (One Piece)|Nami]], cowardly marksman and liar [[Usopp]], and chivalrous chef [[Sanji (One Piece)|Sanji]] and invites them to join his crew, while procuring a ship named the ''Going Merry'' Luffy also encounters and defeats the top East Blue pirates [[List of One Piece characters#Buggy|Buggy the Clown]], Don Krieg and the Fish-Man [[List of One Piece characters#Arlong|Arlong]], gaining his first bounty from the Marines.

The crew enters the dangerous Grand Line on their ship, the ''Going Merry''. Luffy encounters and offers to return Princess Nefertari Vivi of Alabasta to her homeland to stop a rebellion incited by [[Seven Warlords of the Sea]] member and Baroque Works crime syndicate leader [[List of One Piece characters#Crocodile|Sir Crocodile]]. On the way, Nami contracts a severe illness and the crew goes to find a doctor on the winter Drum Island. After Nami is healed, the reindeer doctor [[Tony Tony Chopper]] joins the Straw Hat crew. Upon arriving in Alabasta, Luffy briefly reunites with his brother Portgas D. Ace, a commander in the Whitebeard Pirates, who is hunting the traitor Blackbeard. Luffy defeats Crocodile, though the World Government censors his involvement. Luffy then accepts Crocodile's mysterious partner [[Nico Robin]] as the archeologist of his crew.

Robin's knowledge alerts the crew to the existence of Sky Islands. Luffy meets Blackbeard &mdash; but does not find out his name. Blackbeard encourages Luffy to find the Sky Island, saying that the dreams of pirates never die. The crew successfully reaches Skypiea, where the crew is drawn into a four-hundred-year war over land. Luffy ends the war by defeating the god [[List of One Piece characters#Enel|Eneru]].

Upon landing back in the Blue Seas, the ''Going Merry'' is heavily damaged and Luffy seeks a shipwright to repair it. He meets Marine Admiral [[List of One Piece characters#Aokiji|Aokiji]], who easily defeats him but allows the crew to continue their voyage. The crew arrives at Water 7, the island with the best shipwrights in the world, where Robin mysteriously leaves with members of the World Government intelligence agency [[List of One Piece characters#Cipher Pol No. 9|Cipher Pol No. 9]]. Luffy's crew aligns with the cyborg shipwright [[Franky (One Piece character)|Franky]], initially an enemy, and storm the Government's courthouse Enies Lobby to retrieve her. Robin reveals her past as a fugitive of the Government, but the Straw Hats declare war on the Government to affirm their commitment to her. After defeating CP9 and escaping Enies Lobby, Luffy encounters his grandfather, Vice Admiral Monkey D. Garp. Garp tells him Shanks and Whitebeard are two of the Four Emperors, the most powerful pirates in the second half of the Grand Line. Luffy is surprised to learn from Garp that the leader of the Revolutionary Army which seeks to topple the World Government is Monkey D. Dragon, Luffy's father.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=心中お察しする|series=One Piece|volume=45|year=2007|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-874314-1}}</ref>

On the way to Fish-Man Island in their new ship, the ''Thousand Sunny'', which Franky built, Luffy encounters the skeletal musician [[List of One Piece characters#Brook|Brook]]. Brook accepts Luffy's offer to join the crew before declining since his shadow has been stolen. To return Brook's shadow, they defeat Warlord [[List of One Piece characters#Gecko Moria|Gecko Moria]], and Brook becomes Luffy's long-sought musician of the crew.

To enter Fish-Man Island, the crew takes a detour to the Sabaody Archipelago. By this time, Luffy has gained worldwide fame among the notorious rookie pirates with bounties of over 100 million Berries; these rookies are known as Supernovas and include Zoro, Trafalgar Law, Eustass Kidd, and Capone "Gang" Bege. The Roger Pirates' retired First Mate, [[List of One Piece characters#Silvers Rayleigh|Silvers Rayleigh]], takes a liking to Luffy and agrees to coat the ''Thousand Sunny'' to sail into the ocean depths. However, the plan is derailed after Luffy attacks a World Noble for harming a friend, and the rest of the Straw Hat Pirates are easily defeated by Admiral [[List of One Piece characters#Kizaru|Kizaru]] and scattered to different parts of the world by Warlord [[List of One Piece characters#Bartholomew Kuma|Bartholomew Kuma]].

Stranded on Amazon Lily, an island ruled by the warlord Boa Hancock, Luffy impresses her with his bravery and selflessness. While on Amazon Lily, Luffy learns that his brother Ace was defeated by Blackbeard and handed over to the World Government for execution. Hancock helps him infiltrate the underwater prison Impel Down to rescue Ace. Inside he meets previous foes and new allies, such as former Warlords Crocodile and Arlong's old captain [[Jimbei]]. Along with Buggy and members of the Revolutionary Army, Luffy frees the prisoners, but Ace is transferred to Marineford for his execution.<ref name="Griffis">{{cite thesis|last=Griffis|first=Emily|date=2016|title=A Contemporary Hell: Analyzing Manga as Literature through Eiichiro Oda's One Piece "Impel Down and Dante Alighieri's "Inferno"|url=https://docslib.org/download/7251384/a-contemporary-hell-analyzing-manga-as-literature-through-eiichiro-odas-one-piece-impel-down-storyline-and-dante-alighieris-inferno|degree=Bachelor's Degree Honors Program |location=Muncie, Indiana|publisher=Ball State University|access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref> Luffy and Buggy lead the prisoners into the war in Marineford between the navy and Whitebeard's forces. Whitebeard is eventually impressed by Luffy's spirit and orders his men to support Luffy directly. Although Ace is freed, he gives his life to save Luffy from Admiral Akainu. A broken-hearted Luffy is evacuated with Jimbei from Marineford by Trafalgar Law.

Returning to Amazon Lily, Luffy remembers first meeting Ace; after Shanks left Windmill Village, Luffy's grandfather Garp left him in the care of his friend, the bandit Curly Dadan. Luffy befriends Ace and Sabo, who are like brothers to him. Soon Sabo is seemingly killed by a World Noble. Jimbei encourages Luffy to "remember what you still have", to which Luffy responds, "I have my crew!!"{{gnr|ch|590}}<ref name="Vol60">{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=弟よ|series=One Piece|volume=60|year=2010|publisher=[[Shueisha]]|language=ja|isbn=978-4-08-870125-7|chapter=585 兄弟盃}}</ref> After returning to Marineford with Jimbei and Rayleigh to send a hidden message to his crew, Luffy trains with Rayleigh on Ruskaina Island to learn Haki. He decides his crew will train for two years to become stronger so none of them will be killed while looking for the One Piece.{{gnr|ch|597}}<ref name="Vol60" />

Two years later, the Straw Hats reunite and finally make it to Fish-Man Island. Luffy and the others meet Jimbei and the island's princess, Shirahoshi, and are drawn into a battle for the island against the Fish-Man supremacist Hody Jones. He, the crew, and Jimbei conceive a plan to defeat Hody and his henchmen in a way that will alleviate racial tensions between humans and fish-men. After Hody's defeat, Jimbei promises to join the crew at a later date and Fish-Man Island seeks to join the Reverie summit of human kings, held every four years. Luffy learns Akainu was promoted to Fleet Admiral and Blackbeard replaced Whitebeard as one of the Four Emperors. Luffy begins a feud with Emperor Big Mom over control of Fish-Man Island. The crew leaves the ocean depths and enters the secret New World island, Punk Hazard.

Upon arriving at Punk Hazard, half of the crew is captured by Caesar Clown, a subordinate of the Warlord and underworld broker Donquixote Doflamingo. Luffy and his crew ally with Trafalgar Law, now a Warlord, who plans to kidnap Caesar as part of a plan to take down Doflamingo and eventually his customer, Emperor Kaido. Samurai from the Wano Country, Kinemon, and Momonosuke join the alliance to venture to Dressrosa, the kingdom ruled by Doflamingo.

With Caesar hostage, the alliance lands on Dressrosa, where Luffy enters a tournament to win Ace's Devil Fruit. Here he finds out that Sabo is still alive and is part of the Revolutionary Army. Sabo wins the tournament, and with Luffy's blessing, Sabo consumes Ace's Devil Fruit. Due to the machinations of Doflamingo, some of the crew is forced to leave for the island of Zou. Luffy and the rest of the crew are forced to fight for their lives when they stumble on the truth of Doflamingo's operations, who attempts to kill everyone in Dressrosa to keep the truth of his rule hidden. With the aid of his fellow competitors in the tournament, Luffy defeats Doflamingo. In the aftermath, seven pirate crews pledge their loyalty to Luffy, despite his protests, marking the formation of the Straw Hat Grand Fleet.

Afterward, the remaining crew and their friends arrive at Zou and learn it was devastated by Kaido's army. Luffy also learns that Sanji, who joined the first group to Zou, had been blackmailed by his family into an arranged marriage to the daughter of Emperor Big Mom. The crew learns from the Mink Tribe about the Road Poneglyphs and their connection to the final island Laugh Tale, where the One Piece is. An alliance between the Samurai, Mink, Straw Hats and Law is made to defeat Kaido, who rules over Wano via a puppet Shogun.

Before storming Wano, half the crew, along with the Mink warriors Pedro and Carrot, infiltrate Big Mom's territory Tottoland both to retrieve Sanji and copy the writing on the Road Poneglyph that Big Mom has in her possession. Luffy and Sanji learn the wedding is a set-up to murder Sanji's family and steal their advanced technology, while Brook steals a printing of the Road Poneglyph. The crew reunites with Jimbei, revealed to be indebted to Big Mom but intent on defecting to Luffy's crew. They ally with Capone Bege to assassinate Big Mom at the wedding, though the plan goes awry. As the crew attempts to escape, Luffy defeats her general Charlotte Katakuri, discovering an advanced application of Observation Haki in the process. Jimbei formally joins the crew, but stays behind to aid his former Fish-Man crewmates in holding off the Big Mom Pirates as Luffy's crew escapes.

News of Luffy's fight with Big Mom and the reveal of the Straw Hat Grand Fleet cause Luffy's bounty to skyrocket. Meanwhile, the Straw Hats are separated entering the Wano Country. Luffy befriends the residents and promises to improve their lives. After Kaido attacks his friend Tama, Luffy challenges the Emperor but is defeated and thrown in prison. There, he re-encounters Eustass Kid and trains under Hyogoro of the Flower, learning a new form of Armament Haki that will enable him to damage Kaido. Luffy's allies liberate the prison and makes plans to attack the island of Onigashima where Kaido resides. Jimbei arrives in Wano, and on the night of Wano's annual Fire Festival, an alliance of the Straw Hat, Heart and Kid pirates, the retainers of Kozuki Oden and an army of Samurai, launch a raid on Onigashima. Luffy faces Kaido across several bouts that push him to his limits. The Five Elders send CP0 to interfere with the fight, fearing the repercussions of Luffy winning. Despite suffering an apparently fatal blow from Kaido as a result, the thrill triggers the awakening of Luffy's Devil Fruit—now revealed to be the mythical Human-Human Fruit, Model: Nika. In his new transformation, dubbed "Gear Fifth", Luffy can fight in any shape he likes and successfully overwhelms Kaido, liberating Wano from his rule. A week after these events, Luffy is pronounced a new member of the Four Emperors.<ref name="Bendetta">{{cite thesis|last=Bendetta|first=Ravaglia|date=2023–2024|title=Deciphering the World with One Piece: The power of manga in the study of international politics|url=https://unitesi.unive.it/handle/20.500.14247/23449|degree=Master’s Degree in International Relations|location=Venice|publisher=University of Venice|access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="BahariSari">{{cite journal|last1=Bahari|first1=Lalu Pradipta Jaya|last2=Sari|first2=Vera|date=2024|title=Prophetic Leadership: Kajian Psikologi Islam Dalam Manajemen Kepimimpinan Pada Serial Anime One Piece|url=https://ejournal.ahs-edu.org/index.php/harapan/article/view/77|journal=HARAPAN: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Dan Psikologi|volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=28–42 |doi=10.70115/harapan.v1i1.77 |access-date=9 April 2025|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

After departing Wano, the Straw Hats reach the island of Egghead where the World Government's lead scientist Dr. Vegapunk resides. Jewelry Bonney also arrives, seeking to avenge her father Kuma's transformation into a cyborg by Vegapunk Vegapunk admits to having studied the forbidden Void Century and requests that the Straw Hats help him escape an assassination attempt by CP0. The situation escalates when CP0 informs the Government of Luffy's presence, and St. Jaygarcia Saturn arrives personally to eliminate him, accompanied by Kizaru.

===In other media===
Luffy has appeared in every ''One Piece'' video game to date, including ''[[Jump Super Stars]]'' and ''[[Jump Ultimate Stars]]'', and is featured in the 2006 ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]''-''One Piece''-''[[Naruto]]'' crossover game ''[[Battle Stadium D.O.N]]''. Luffy, Son Goku and [[Naruto Uzumaki]] were avatars in the [[Massively multiplayer online role-playing game|MMORPG]] ''[[Second Life]]'' for a [[Jump Festa]] promotion, "Jumpland@Second Life".<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-12-21/dragon-ball-naruto-one-piece-to-enter-second-life|title= ''Dragon Ball, Naruto, One Piece to Enter Second Life''|access-date= November 3, 2008|work= [[Anime News Network]]|date= August 13, 2011|archive-date= December 25, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161225204744/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-12-21/dragon-ball-naruto-one-piece-to-enter-second-life|url-status= live}}</ref> Luffy has also been mentioned in songs. He sings about being a wanted pirate in "Wanted!"<ref>{{cite AV media notes |others= Mayumi Tanaka|date=2000|title= One Piece Music & Song Collection II|type= CD|publisher= [[Nippon Columbia]]|id= COCX-30383|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> and about ''One Piece'' in "Every-One Piece!"<ref>{{cite AV media notes |others= Mayumi Tanaka|date=2003|title=Every-One Peace|type= CD|publisher= [[Avex Entertainment]]|id= AVCA-14780|location= Japan|language= ja }}</ref> Luffy is a major playable character in the crossover game ''[[J-Stars Victory VS]]''.<ref name="first">{{cite news |title=Project Versus J, the 'Ultimate' Shonen Jump Game, to Launch |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-12-05/project-versus-j-the-ultimate-shonen-jump-game-to-launch |work=[[Anime News Network]] |date=2012-12-05 |access-date=August 7, 2013 |archive-date=2017-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106231815/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-12-05/project-versus-j-the-ultimate-shonen-jump-game-to-launch |url-status=live }}</ref> Luffy and several other characters joined the cast of ''Dragon Ball'' in a spinoff entitled ''Cross Epoch''.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Toriyama|first= Akira|author-link= Akira Toriyama|author2=Oda, Eiichiro |author-link2=Eiichiro Oda |date= December 25, 2006|title= Cross Epoch|journal= [[Weekly Shōnen Jump|Shonen Jump]]|series= [[Dragon Ball]] & [[One Piece]]|issue= 4/5|publisher= [[Shueisha]]|location= 〒101-8050 Tokyo-to, Chiyoda-ku Hitotsubashi 2-5-10|language= ja}}</ref> On April 3, 2011, Luffy and the other ''One Piece'' protagonists appeared in the first episode of the ''[[Toriko]]'' anime series and the crossover manga chapter.<ref>{{cite web|title=EXCLUSIVE: Get One Piece x Toriko One-Shot Today!|url=http://shonenjump.viz.com/node/291|publisher=Shonen Jump|access-date=January 29, 2014|archive-date=February 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203092944/http://shonenjump.viz.com/node/291|url-status=live}}</ref> Luffy made a cameo appearance in a ''Weekly Shonen Jump'' episode of ''[[To Love-Ru]]'', and the Gum-Gum was mentioned in the 50th episode of the ''[[Gin Tama]]'' anime series.<ref>{{cite episode|title=節目節目に気合を入れ直せ|airdate=April 5, 2007|number=50|credits=Director: [[Shinji Takamatsu]]|series=Gin Tama|network=TV Tokyo}}</ref> He had appeared in CGI in the semi-annual live-action television series Yo nimo Kimyō na Monogatari ([[Tales of the Unusual]]) for the celebration of the series's 25th anniversary. He appeared together with the Japanese actor and model [[Hiroshi Abe (actor)|Hiroshi Abe]].<ref>{{cite web|title=One Piece's Luffy to Appear in CG in Live-Action TV Special|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-03-10/one-piece-luffy-to-appear-in-cg-in-live-action-tv-special/.85804|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=December 16, 2021|date=March 10, 2015|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216150637/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-03-10/one-piece-luffy-to-appear-in-cg-in-live-action-tv-special/.85804|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cultural impact and legacy==
===Critical reception===
According to [[Funimation Entertainment]]'s [[Mike McFarland]] and [[Christopher Sabat]], Luffy was more likable than ''Dragon Ball''{{'s}} [[Son Goku (Dragon Ball)|Son Goku]].<ref name="funidvdcomments1v1e1">{{cite video |people = [[Mike McFarland]], [[Christopher Sabat]] (Commentators)<!--They are voice actors in the episodes, but here they commentate.--> |title = One Piece: Season 1, First Voyage Disc 1; Staff Commentary on Episode 1 |medium     = DVD |publisher  = [[Funimation Entertainment]]}}</ref> Joe McCulloch preferred Luffy to [[Naruto Uzumaki]] from ''[[Naruto]]'' because Luffy "work[ed] his ass off" to achieve his goals after accidentally acquiring his powers.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=McCulloch|first1=Joe|title=THIS WEEK IN COMICS! (1/30/13 – The Face of Mainstream Comics)|journal=[[The Comics Journal]]|date=29 January 2013|url=http://www.tcj.com/this-week-in-comics-13013-the-face-of-mainstream-comics/|access-date=9 March 2017|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312074557/http://www.tcj.com/this-week-in-comics-13013-the-face-of-mainstream-comics/|url-status=live}}</ref> Luffy has been praised in a number of publications. T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews called Luffy "likabl[y] goofy" and an idealist with infectious optimism.<ref name="themanime">{{cite web| url= http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=523| publisher= THEM Anime Reviews 4.0| title= One Piece the Movie 1: I'll Become the Pirate King!<!-- Bot generated title -->| access-date= November 7, 2008| archive-date= September 1, 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130901091645/http://themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=523| url-status= live}}</ref> In a review of ''[[One Piece The Movie: Dead End no Bōken]]'', the fourth ''One Piece'' film, ''[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star Online]]'' described him as "an airhead and brilliant fighter".<ref name="tso">{{cite news|url=http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/1/28/movies/15425544&sec=movies|title=Nice Piece of Work|newspaper=The Star Online|access-date=February 12, 2008|archive-date=May 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529234852/http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/1/28/movies/15425544&sec=movies|url-status=live}}</ref> Rika Takahashi of [[TV Asahi|EX]] wrote that Luffy's stretching powers set ''One Piece'' apart from "the old stereotypical adventure manga" and the many other "combat-oriented {{sic|manga|s}}", making the series "something new and interesting".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ex.org/3.7/31-manga_onepiece.html|publisher=Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation|title=One Piece|first=Rika|last=Takahashi|year=1998|access-date=May 19, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201093517/http://www.ex.org/3.7/31-manga_onepiece.html|archive-date=February 1, 2009}}</ref> [[Anime News Network]] (ANN) writer Zac Bertschy found Luffy reminiscent of ''[[Rurouni Kenshin]]''{{'s}} character [[Himura Kenshin]] in personality and attitude, but still thought him entertaining.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/one-piece/|title=One Piece anime review|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Bertschy, Zac|date=August 3, 2002|access-date=June 29, 2009|archive-date=June 11, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611141244/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/one-piece|url-status=live}}</ref> Mania Entertainment's Bryce Coulter called Luffy a "great shonen hero".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mania.com/one-piece-season-1-part-1_article_80151.html|title=One Piece Season 1 Part 1|publisher=Mania Entertainment|author=Coulter, Bryce|date=June 5, 2008|access-date=June 29, 2009|archive-date=March 27, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327131623/http://www.mania.com/one-piece-season-1-part-1_article_80151.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ANN's Carl Kimlinger wrote, "[[Colleen Clinkenbeard]]'s Luffy continues to grow on you".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/one-piece/dvd-season-one-part-2|title=One Piece DVD – Season One Part 2 Second Voyage|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Kimlinger, Carl|date=September 29, 2008|access-date=June 29, 2009|archive-date=July 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722083653/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/one-piece/dvd-season-one-part-2|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Popularity===
Luffy ranked first in all of ''[[One Piece]] Characters Official Popularity Poll''.{{refn|group=n|''One Piece'' has a total of seven official popularity polls, six in Japan and one worldwide.}} The only main protagonists that achieved ranked first in all of their correspondent popularity polls are Luffy and [[Gintoki Sakata]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Oda|first=Eiichiro|title=One Piece, vol. 7|url=https://archive.org/details/onepiecevol7crap0007odae/page/148|url-access=registration|isbn=1-59116-852-X|publisher=Viz Media|page=[https://archive.org/details/onepiecevol7crap0007odae/page/148 148]|year=2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Oda |first= Eiichiro|title=One Piece, vol. 24|isbn=4-08-873282-0|pages=206–209|publisher=Shueisha|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Oda |first= Eiichiro|title=One Piece, vol. 43|isbn=4-08-874149-8|pages=214–219|publisher=Shueisha|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.livedoor.com/lite/article_detail_amp/20142773/?__twitter_impression=true|title=『ワンピース』キャラ世界人気投票の結果発表 1位ルフィ、2位ゾロ、3位ナミ 作者も結果に驚き|work=Livedoor News|date=May 5, 2021|access-date=May 6, 2021|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505150057/https://news.livedoor.com/lite/article_detail_amp/20142773/?__twitter_impression=true|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/3fbb21ff63f44569aedbd7bd1eefb40a5011d25f?page=1|title=＜ONE PIECE＞世界人気投票 ルフィが世界1位に 2位はゾロ、3位はナミ 最終結果発表|work=[[Yahoo]]|date=May 5, 2021|access-date=May 6, 2021|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506050702/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/3fbb21ff63f44569aedbd7bd1eefb40a5011d25f?page=1|url-status=live}}</ref> On ''The 1st Global One Piece Characters Popularity Poll'', the latest official popularity poll of ''One Piece'' in which more than 12 million voted from all over the world, Luffy topped the list having total votes of 1,637,921.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2021-05-05/full-results-revealed-for-one-piece-1st-global-character-popularity-poll/.172412|title=Full Results Revealed for One Piece 1st Global Character Popularity Poll|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Morrissy, Kim|date=May 5, 2021|access-date=May 6, 2021|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505172427/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2021-05-05/full-results-revealed-for-one-piece-1st-global-character-popularity-poll/.172412|url-status=live}}</ref>

Due to the character's popularity, allusions to Luffy have been made in several Japanese manga and anime, as well as Western comics and television series.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/best-one-piece-references-ranked/ |title=Best One Piece References In Other Media, Ranked |author=
Lateria Scott |date=October 3, 2024 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]]}}</ref>

[[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]] customers chose Luffy as their second-favorite black-haired male anime character.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2014-05-05/japanese-fans-rank-their-favorite-black-haired-anime-characters|title=Japanese Fans Rank Their Favorite Black-Haired Anime Characters|date=May 5, 2014|author=Dong, Bamboo|work=Anime News Network|access-date=May 5, 2014|archive-date=May 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506213212/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2014-05-05/japanese-fans-rank-their-favorite-black-haired-anime-characters|url-status=live}}</ref> The Gum-Gum Gatling technique topped the male category in a Japanese survey of the most popular moves in manga and anime.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-01-14/cobs-japanese-survey-of-favorite-manga-weapon/move |title= Interest: Cobs' Japanese Survey of Favorite Manga Weapon/Move |date= January 14, 2011 |access-date= January 16, 2011 |work= [[Anime News Network]] |archive-date= January 17, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110117230619/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-01-14/cobs-japanese-survey-of-favorite-manga-weapon/move |url-status= live }}</ref>  Luffy was even nominated in the Best Male Character category for the 2008 Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comipress.com/press-release/2008/03/27/3442|title=Society For The Promotion Of Japanese Animation Announces SPJA Industry Award Finalists At Tokyo International Anime Fair|publisher=Comipress.com|date=March 27, 2008|access-date=May 7, 2014|archive-date=July 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716191443/http://www.comipress.com/press-release/2008/03/27/3442|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://giapet.net/2008/07/06/spja-industry-award-winners-are-up/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802023439/http://giapet.net/2008/07/06/spja-industry-award-winners-are-up/ | archive-date=August 2, 2008 | title=SPJA Industry Award Winners are Up | date=July 6, 2008 | publisher=Giapet | access-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref><!-- If someone asks about Giapet's reability: http://www.comipress.com/news/2008/07/04/3608 --> He ranked 22nd on Chris Mackenzie's IGN list of top-25 anime characters of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/103/1036651p1.html|title=Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time|date=October 20, 2009|author=Mackenzie, Chris|website=[[IGN]]|access-date=October 21, 2009|archive-date=August 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824180531/http://movies.ign.com/articles/103/1036651p1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a Japanese TV special from August 2017, Luffy was voted as the 8th "strongest hero" from the [[Showa Era]] as well as the 4th one from the [[Heisei Era]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anime-now.com/entry/2017/09/09/230012|title=12,000 Japanese Fans Vote on Japan's Top Heroes and Heroines|publisher=Anime Now|date=September 9, 2017|access-date=September 9, 2017|author=Nakamura, Toshi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909234452/http://www.anime-now.com/entry/2017/09/09/230012|archive-date=September 9, 2017}}</ref>

Luffy had appeared in magazines, Japanese television shows, manga etc. Luffy was the first manga character that had been on the cover in the ''Men's Non-No'' fashion magazine's 24-year history and his clothes were designed by Shinichi "Miter" Mita.<ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=One Piece's Luffy Adorns Cover of Men's Fashion Mag|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-12-07/one-piece-luffy-adorns-cover-of-men-fashion-mag|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=November 10, 2021|date=December 7, 2009|archive-date=November 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109172025/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-12-07/one-piece-luffy-adorns-cover-of-men-fashion-mag|url-status=live}}</ref> He also appeared in the cover of a famous fashion magazine, ''[[Elle (magazine)|ELLE]] MEN'' together with Roronoa Zoro after the collaboration between ''[[One Piece]]'' and [[Gucci]].<ref>{{cite news|title=One Piece And Gucci Collaborate For ELLE MEN Magazine|url=https://9gag.com/gag/a3wx1mN|website=[[9GAG]]|access-date=November 10, 2021|date=October 8, 2020|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110124504/https://9gag.com/gag/a3wx1mN|url-status=live}}</ref> Costumed character version of Luffy together with [[Goku]] appeared at the 39th [[International Emmy Awards]] Gala in New York and they stood on stage for presentation of the Children & Young People Award, won by the Chilean Children's program ¿Con Qué Sueñas? (What is your Dream?).<ref>{{cite web|title=Dragon Ball's Goku, One Piece's Luffy Appear at Int'l Emmys|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-11-23/dragon-ball-goku-one-piece-luffy-appear-at-intl-emmys|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=December 16, 2021|date=November 24, 2011|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216113243/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-11-23/dragon-ball-goku-one-piece-luffy-appear-at-intl-emmys|url-status=live}}</ref> In the final chapter of ''Naruto'', [[Boruto Uzumaki]] makes a drawing of Luffy as a legacy of him and the series.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=漫道コバヤシ第13号「NARUTO完結！岸本斉史SP」 |date=December 13, 2014 |language=ja |publisher=[[Fuji Television]] |trans-title=Kobayashi No. 13 'Completion of Naruto! Masashi Kishimoto SP'}}</ref> In a ''Weekly Shonen Jump'' manga, Tsugihagi Hyouryuu Sakka (a character resembling Luffy) says, "Instead of saying what you hate, say what you like!". In the ''One Piece'' manga, Luffy cited but changed it to "Instead of saying what you like, say what you hate!" The meme was acknowledged in the crossover [[fighting game]], ''[[J-Stars Victory VS]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2014-03-25/luffy-acknowledges-meme-in-j-stars-victory-vs|title=Luffy Acknowledges Meme in J-Stars Victory Vs.|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Timson, Eric|date=March 25, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2014|archive-date=March 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326155041/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2014-03-25/luffy-acknowledges-meme-in-j-stars-victory-vs|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Toei Animation]] sponsored the [[Italy|Italian]] [[Pallavolo Modena]] [[volleyball]] team in 2008; Pietro Rinaldi and Edoardo Ciabattini's black uniforms were decorated with an image of Luffy on the front.<ref name=Volleyball>{{cite news|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-10-01/italian-volleyball-team-put-one-piece-on-uniforms|title=Italian volleyball team sponsorship|work=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=January 8, 2009|archive-date=2009-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125204642/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-10-01/italian-volleyball-team-put-one-piece-on-uniforms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Takashi Kawamura, mayor of [[Nagoya]] City in [[Japan]], had cosplayed Luffy in the 10th [[World Cosplay Summit]] in which 40 cosplayers from 20 countries and regions all over the world were competing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nagoya Mayor Cosplays as One Piece Manga's Luffy|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-08-02/nagoya-mayor-cosplays-as-one-piece-manga-luffy|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=December 16, 2021|date=August 2, 2012|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216150634/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-08-02/nagoya-mayor-cosplays-as-one-piece-manga-luffy|url-status=live}}</ref> Also, the famous Japanese actress and model [[Kanna Hashimoto]] had cosplayed Luffy in the celebration of ''[[One Piece]]''{{'}}s manga 18th anniversary. She dressed up as Luffy (albeit in a feminine reinterpretation) for [[Weekly Shonen Jump]]'s combined 37-38 issue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rev. from DVL Idol Kanna Hashimoto Cosplays as Luffy|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2015-08-11/rev-from-dvl-idol-kanna-hashimoto-cosplays-as-luffy/.91481|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=December 16, 2021|date=August 11, 2015|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216150632/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2015-08-11/rev-from-dvl-idol-kanna-hashimoto-cosplays-as-luffy/.91481|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, the island [[Sarushima]] was named {{nihongo|"Monkey D. Luffy Island"|モンキー・D・ルフィ島|Monkī Dī Rufi-shima}} from July 8 to October 20 in honor of the character and for the 20th anniversary of the ''[[One Piece (1999 TV series)|One Piece]]'' anime.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/one-piece-luffy-island-tokyo-bay-anime-manga/ |title=One Piece's Luffy Will Get His Own Island This Summer |author=Megan Peters |date=May 22, 2019 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref>

[[Miltiadis Tentoglou]] of Greece posed Luffy's Gear 2 during his entrance before the Long Jump finals on [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympics 2020]] and won Gold Medal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Long Jump Gold Medalist Miltiadis Tentoglou Pays Tribute to One Piece|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2021-08-03/long-jump-gold-medalist-miltiadis-tentoglou-pays-tribute-to-one-piece/.175842|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=December 16, 2021|date=August 4, 2021|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216112422/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2021-08-03/long-jump-gold-medalist-miltiadis-tentoglou-pays-tribute-to-one-piece/.175842|url-status=live}}</ref> Another Olympic gold medalist [[Massimo Stano]] pulled out Luffy's Gear 3 pose just as he was crossing the finish line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medal Moment {{!}} Tokyo 2020: Athletics Men's 20km Race Walk - M Stano (ITA) |url=https://olympics.com/en/video/medal-moment-tokyo-2020-athletics-men-s-20km-race-walk-m-stano-ita |url-status=live |access-date=2023-05-02 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810051913/https://olympics.com/en/video/medal-moment-tokyo-2020-athletics-men-s-20km-race-walk-m-stano-ita }}</ref> As well as Major League Soccer player [[Nicolas Benezet]] imitated Luffy's Gear 2 pose after scoring a goal on Sunday night in his first match with Seattle Sounders FC.<ref>{{cite web|title=Major League Soccer Player Makes One Piece Pose|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2021-08-17/major-league-soccer-player-makes-one-piece-pose/.176336|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=December 16, 2021|date=August 18, 2021|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216112425/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2021-08-17/major-league-soccer-player-makes-one-piece-pose/.176336|url-status=live}}</ref> China's most popular actor [[Xiao Zhan]] stated on his interview that he wanted to be like Luffy. He admired Luffy because, "he had been working hard to realize his ideals and despite always facing difficulties he never give up".<ref>{{cite web|title=肖战解锁《海贼王》手势，从孙燕姿到路飞，肖战"追星"路太励志|url=https://m.sohu.com/a/348103143_605773/?pvid=000115_3w_a|website=[[Sohu]]|access-date=January 1, 2022|date=October 19, 2019|archive-date=January 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101012529/https://m.sohu.com/a/348103143_605773/?pvid=000115_3w_a|url-status=live}}</ref> Gear 5 was acclaimed by Polygon as one of anime's most iconic power ups ever due to the handling of Luffy's movements as he starts acting like ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' cartoon and becomes unique in battle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/23815416/best-anime-power-ups-dragon-ball-z-one-piece|title=The most iconic anime power-ups of all time|website=Polygon|date=6 August 2023 |access-date=August 8, 2023|archive-date=August 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808013113/https://www.polygon.com/23815416/best-anime-power-ups-dragon-ball-z-one-piece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2023, a Luffy balloon was used during the [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]]; however, an accident created a hole in the balloon, causing it to partially deflate at the character's hat portion.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=November 24, 2023 |author=Grant Hermanns |date=23 November 2023 |title="R.I.P. Luffy": One Piece Fans (& Netflix) React To Thanksgiving Parade's Deflating Luffy Balloon |url=https://screenrant.com/one-piece-thanksgiving-parade-luffy-balloon-deflated-fans-netflix-react/ |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=24 November 2023 |author=Megan Peters |date=November 23, 2023 |language=en |title=Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Goes Viral After One Piece's Luffy Balloon Deflates |url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade-luffy-deflate/ |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref> Luffy's balloon was used again in the 2024 parade.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://x.com/ToeiAnimation/status/1857128893074813057 |title=In two weeks, catch One Piece's Monkey D. Luffy return to soar through New York City on Thanksgiving! See him back in the 98th Macy's Parade on NBC and streaming on Peacock on 11/28. |publisher=@ToeiAnimation |website=[[Twitter]] |date=November 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://eu.tcpalm.com/story/news/2024/11/19/macys-thanksgiving-parade-floats-balloons-performers-florida/76423164007/ |title=What time is Macy's Thanksgiving Parade? How to stream, what Florida celebrities will be featured |author=Samantha Neely |date=November 19, 2024 |website=tcpalm.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.as.com/meristation/news/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade-2024-to-feature-new-dragon-ball-and-spider-man-balloons-n/ |title=Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade 2024 to feature new Dragon Ball and Spider-Man balloons |author=Gabriel Huerta |date=November 25, 2024 |website=[[MeriStation]]}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|Anime and manga}}
* [https://one-piece.com/log/character/detail/luffy.html Monkey D. Luffy's bio] at ''One Piece''{{'}}s official website {{in lang|ja}}

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