View source for Continuous-flow intersection

{{short description|Type of large road intersection}}
[[File:Continuous-flow intersection.svg|thumb|Sample continuous-flow intersection with typical lane variation, turn restrictions, and traffic light position]]
[[File:Intersection continuous flow.jpg|thumb|A continuous flow intersection in [[West Valley City, Utah|West Valley City]], [[Utah]] showing the layout and normal [[traffic flow]] in the southwest portion of the intersection.]]
A '''continuous flow intersection''' ('''CFI'''), also called a '''crossover displaced left-turn''' ('''XDL''' or '''DLT'''), is an alternative design for an [[intersection (road)|at-grade road junction]]. Vehicles attempting to turn across the opposing direction of traffic (left in [[right- and left-hand traffic|right-hand drive]] jurisdictions; right in left-hand drive jurisdictions) cross before they enter the intersection. No left turn signal in the intersection is then necessary. Instead, vehicles traveling in both directions can proceed, including through vehicles and those turning right or left, when a generic traffic signal/stop sign permits.

Its design also is promoted as part of the Federal Highway Administration's [[Every Day Counts initiative]] which started in 2011.<ref>{{cite book |first1 = Bastian |last1 = Schroeder |first2 = Chris |last2 = Cunningham |first3 = Brian |last3 = Ray |first4 = Andy |last4 = Daleiden |first5 = Pete |last5 = Jenior |first6 = Julia |last6 = Knudsen |date = August 2014 |title =  Diverging Diamond Interchange Informational Guide |url = https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/29474/dot_29474_DS1.pdf?download-document-submit=Download |location = Washington, DC |publisher = Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety }}</ref>

== History ==
A fly-over designed CFI [[interchange (road)|interchange]] (separated grade) was invented by Francisco Mier. An intersection (at-grade) variant followed. Over 40 have been implemented since 2000. Mier patented his design and required a fee to obtain a license to the design.<ref name="Hummer">{{cite web | url=http://www.urbanstreet.info/1st_symp_proceedings/Ec019_e3.pdf | title=Unconventional Left-Turn Alternatives for Urban and Suburban Arterials | access-date=13 June 2007 | last1=Hummer | first1=Joseph E. | last2= Reid | first2= Jonathan D. | publisher=Transportation Research Board | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930055756/http://www.urbanstreet.info/1st_symp_proceedings/Ec019_e3.pdf | archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> The patent expired in the United States on 15 October 2003.<ref>[http://portal.uspto.gov/external/portal/pair United States Patent and Trademark Office], {{patent||US|5049000|patent}}</ref>

This general configuration has appeared in different versions in various places, with the implementation of [[channelization (roads)|channelization]] in the United States since the 1950s, such as the Telegraph Road section of [[U.S. Route 24 in Michigan]] at Plymouth Road in [[Redford Charter Township, Michigan]].<ref>Telegraph Road, Michigan {{coord|42.371267|N|83.275563|W}}</ref>

== Usage ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of places where a CFI is used
!Country
!State/Province
!City
!Roads
!Opening date
!Coordinates
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Australia]]
|[[Queensland]]
|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]]
|Salerno Street, Bundall Road and Ashmore Road
|December 2017
|
|
|-
|[[Victoria (state)|Victoria]]
|[[Melbourne]]
|Hoddle Street
|2017
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomazin |first=Farrah |date=2015-03-21 |title=Radical plan to ease Hoddle Street gridlock |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/radical-plan-to-ease-hoddle-street-gridlock-20150321-1m4iyz.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=The Age |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[New South Wales]]
|[[Moore Park, New South Wales|Moore Park]]
|Intersection of [[Anzac Parade, Sydney|Anzac Parade]], Alison Road and Dacey Avenue
|2017
|
|
|-
|[[Canada]]
|[[Prince Edward Island]]
|[[Charlottetown]]
|[[Prince Edward Island Route 1|Charlottetown Perimeter Highway]] and [[Prince Edward Island Route 2|St. Peters Road]]
|November 29, 2020
|46.268692°N 63.114001°W
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toolkit |first=Web Experience |date=2020-11-03 |title=Displaced Left Turn Intersection |url=https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/en/information/transportation-and-infrastructure/displaced-left-turn-intersection |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.princeedwardisland.ca}}</ref>
|-
|[[China]]
|[[Guangdong]]
|[[Shenzhen]]
|Caitian Road and Fuhua
|October 7, 2017
|
|{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|-
|[[Germany]]
|
|[[Hamburg]]
|Breitenfelder Straße ([[Bundesstraße 5]]) and Tarpenbekstraße ([[Bundesstraße 433]])
|
|53.590267°N 9.982989°E
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Mexico]]
|[[Coahuila]]
|[[Saltillo]]
|Paseo de la Reforma and Periférico und Luis Echeverría
|
|25.42739°N 100.969859°W
|Former configuration, now a [[directional interchange]]
|-
|[[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]
|[[Juárez Municipality, Chihuahua|Juárez Municipality]]
|Manuel Gómez Morin Bermúdez aund De La Industria
|
|31.70368°N 106.401998°W
|
|-
|[[Nuevo León]]
|[[Guadalupe Island]]
|Between Chapultepec, Puesta del Sol and Av Eloy Cavazos
|
|25.661967°N 100.258747°W
|
|-
|[[United Kingdom]]
|
|[[Swindon]]
|[[A4311 road]], Cricklade Road and Thamesdown Drive
|2003
|51.601158562°N 1.7812545°W
|
|-
| rowspan="37" |[[United States]]
| rowspan="2" |[[New Jersey]]
|[[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]
|New Jersey Route 168 at US Route 130
|
|
|
|-
|[[Audubon, New Jersey]]
|[[New Jersey Route 168]] at Nicholson Road
|
|39.894161°N 75.091435°W
|
|-
|[[New York (state)|New York]]
|[[Shirley, New York|Shirley]]
|
|1996
|40.826443°N 72.881042°W
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Maryland]]
|[[Accokeek, Maryland|Accokeek]]
|[[Maryland Route 210|Routes 210]] and [[Maryland Route 228|228]]
|2000
|38.664126°N 77.016928°W
|
|-
|[[Laurel, Maryland|Laurel]]
|[[Maryland Route 200|MD 200]] and [[U.S. Route 1 in Maryland|US 1]]
|November 7, 2014
|39.065800°N 76.881176°W
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Louisiana]]
|[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge]]
|[[Airline Highway]] and [[Louisiana Highway 3246|Siegen Lane]]
|March 2006
|30.398914°N 91.054119°W
|<ref name="Louisiana" />
|-
|[[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette]]
|[[U.S. Route 167#Johnston Street in Lafayette, Louisiana|US 167 (Johnston St.)]] and Camellia Boulevard
|2010
|30.193744°N 92.058622°W
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |[[Utah]]
|[[Taylorsville, Utah|Taylorsville]]
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and [[Utah State Route 173|5400 South (SR-173)]]
|
|40.652993°N 111.981339°W
|No longer exists<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bangerter Highway Project Highlight |url=https://huntelectric.com/article/30/bangerter-highway-project-highlight |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Hunt Electric |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[West Valley City, Utah|West Valley City]]
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and 4700 South
|
|40.667596°N 111.981567°W
|No longer exists
|-
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and 4100 South
|
|40.682132°N 111.981626°W
|
|-
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and [[Utah State Route 171|3500 South (SR-171)]]
|September 2007
|40.696629°N 111.980869°W
|
|-
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and 3100 South
|
|40.703918°N 111.980076°W
|
|-
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and 6200 South (Bennion Boulevard)
|
|40.638581°N 111.976637°W 
|No longer exists
|-
|[[Utah State Route 173|5400 S (SR-173)]] and [[Redwood Road]]
|
|40.653176°N 111.938802°W
|
|-
|6200 South (Bennion Boulevard) and [[Redwood Road]]
|
|40.638574°N 111.938824°W
|<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKAONboIzao |title=DLT Case Study – Redwood Road at 6200 South in Taylorsville (Utah) |date=2014-07-31 |last=Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA |access-date=2024-10-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|[[Riverton, Utah|Riverton]]
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and 13400 South
|
|40.507803°N 111.982747°W
|
|-
|[[West Jordan, Utah|West Jordan]]
|[[Bangerter Highway]] and 7000 South
|
|40.623983°N 111.976422°W
|No longer exists<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Orem, Utah|Orem]]
|[[Utah State Route 265|University Parkway]] and Sandhill Road
|May 22, 2012
|40.275014°N 111.713445°W
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Internet Archive: Scheduled Maintenance |url=https://web.archive.org/sry |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mississippi]]
|[[Natchez, Mississippi|Natchez]]
|[[U.S. Route 61#Mississippi|US 61]] and Junkin Drive
|January 2010
|31.528599°N 91.389213°W
|
|-
|[[Oxford, Mississippi|Oxford]]
|[[Mississippi Highway 6]] and West Jackson Avenue
|April 29, 2015
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Colorado]]
|[[Loveland, Colorado|Loveland]]
|[[U.S. Route 34 in Colorado#Estes Park to Loveland|US 34 (Eisenhower Boulevard)]] and Madison Avenue
|
|40.407365°N 105.058764°W
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|[[Durango, Colorado|Durango]]
|[[U.S. Route 160#Colorado|US 160]] and [[U.S. Route 550#Colorado|US 550]]
|
|37.268540°N 107.884992°W
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=US 160/US 550 Durango Continuous Flow Intersection |url=https://www.codot.gov/projects/us160_us550durangocfi |website=CODOT.gov}}</ref>
|-
|[[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]]
|Woodmen Road and Union Boulevard
|December 2017
|38.933079°N 104.775202°W
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://vimeo.com/245055910 |title=Woodmen Road Corridor CFI Intersection (long version) |language=en |access-date=2024-10-18 |via=vimeo.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[North Carolina]]
|[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]
|[[NC 16]] to Mount Holly-Huntersville Road
|October 18, 2019
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Texas]]
|[[Cedar Park, Texas|Cedar Park]]
|[[Ranch to Market Road 1431|RM 1431]] and Ronald Reagan Boulevard/[[Farm to Market Road 734|Parmer Lane]]
|August 2, 2016
|30.534659°N 97.782645°W
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[San Marcos, Texas|San Marcos]]
|[[Texas State Highway Loop 82|Loop 82]] (Aquarena Springs Drive) and [[I-35]]'s southbound-to-northbound [[Texas U-turn]]
|
|29.893048°N 97.913367°W
|
|-
|[[Texas State Highway 80|State Highway 80]] (Hopkins Street), I-35's frontage roads and I-35's Texas U-turns
|
|29.882639°N 97.921915°W
|
|-
|[[San Antonio]]
|Bandera Road and [[Loop 1604]]
|April 28, 2019
|29.553655°N 98.667302°W
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Txdotsanantonio |date=April 26, 2019 |title=Go Ahead!: It's Here: SA's First DLT Intersection Opens This Weekend |url=http://txdotsanantonio.blogspot.com/2019/04/ready-san-antonio-we-appreciate-your.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Go Ahead!}}</ref>
|-
|[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
|[[Dawsonville, Georgia|Dawsonville]]
|[[Georgia State Route 400|SR 400]] and [[Georgia State Route 53|SR 53]]
|May 15, 2017
|34.363385°N 84.036474°W
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Continuous flow intersection now open in Dawson |url=https://www.gainesvilletimes.com/news/continuous-flow-intersection-now-open-in-dawson/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.gainesvilletimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Indiana]]
|[[Indianapolis]]
|[[U.S. Route 31 in Indiana|US 31]] and Thompson Road
|October 8, 2022
|39.693213°N 86.148812°W
|<ref>{{Cite web | title=INDOT Opens State's First Displaced Left Turn |url= https://www.in.gov/indot/about-indot/Blog/indot-opens-states-first-displaced-left-turn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=IN.gov}}</ref>
|-
|[[Warrick County, Indiana|Warrick County]]
|[[Indiana State Road 66|IN 66]] and Epworth Road
|August 20, 2024
| 37.976790°N 87.441226°W
|<ref>{{Cite web | date=2024-08-14 | title= Displaced left turn set to open at State Road 66 and Epworth |url= https://www.tristatehomepage.com/news/displaced-left-turn-set-to-open-at-state-road-66-and-epworth/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=TristateHomepage.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Ohio]]
|[[Anderson Township, Ohio|Anderson Township]]
|[[Ohio State Route 125|Beechmont Avenue]] (State Route 125) and Five Mile Road
|May 19, 2017
|39°4′22″N 84°21′7″W
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-08 |title=How does the new Anderson Twp intersection work? |url=https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/hamilton-county/anderson-township/new-continuous-flow-intersection-beechmont-five-mile-in-anderson-township-opening-may-19 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=WCPO 9 Cincinnati |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Miami Township, Montgomery County, Ohio|Miami Township (Montgomery County)]]
|[[Ohio State Route 741|SR 741]] and Miamisburg-Springboro Road/Austin Boulevard
|2009
|39.596709°N 84.229029°W
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-02 |title=Austin Pike |url=https://www.dot.state.oh.us/districts/D07/Projects/Pages/AustinPike.aspx |access-date=2024-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102062830/https://www.dot.state.oh.us/districts/D07/Projects/Pages/AustinPike.aspx |archive-date=2009-01-02 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]]
|Military Highway onto Northampton Boulevard and Princess Anne Road
|July 28, 2018
|36.874804°N 76.210739°W
|
|-
|[[Florida]]
|[[Fort Myers, Florida|Fort Myers]]
|[[Florida State Road 82|State Road 82]] to Daniels Parkway (west) and Gunnery Road (east)
|July 9, 2019
|26.581661°N 81.713761°W
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-09 |title=New Continuous Flow Intersection now open in Lehigh Acres |url=https://www.fox4now.com/news/local-news/continuous-flow-intersection-now-open-in-lee-county |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=FOX 4 News Fort Myers WFTX |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kansas]]
|[[Olathe, Kansas|Olathe]]
|Old 56 Highway to Lone Elm Road
|June 2021
|
|
|-
|[[Missouri]]
|[[Fenton, Missouri|Fenton]]
|[[Missouri Route 30|Highway 30]] and Summit Drive/Gravois Bluffs Boulevard
|October 2007
|38.504276°N 90.456995°W
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-09-27 |title=Continuous Flow Intersections2 |url=http://www.modot.org/stlouis/links/ContinuousFlowIntersections2.htm |access-date=2024-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223552/http://www.modot.org/stlouis/links/ContinuousFlowIntersections2.htm |archive-date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>
|}
[[File:Driving trough the Coninuous-Flow Intersection Utah SR-154 Bangerter Hwy at 4100 South 2013-07.ogg|thumb|Driving through a continuous flow intersection on [[Utah State Route 154]] (Bangerter Highway) at 4100 South in summer 2013.]]
[[File:2006 11 14 - 228@210 - WB CFI 1.JPG|thumb|A continuous flow intersection between [[Maryland Route 210]] and [[Maryland Route 228]] in [[Accokeek, Maryland]].]]
[[File:Continuous-flow-intersection-cfi-4arm-2way-ani.gif|thumb|Sketch and traffic light sequence of a four-way intersection with displaced left turns on two of the legs.]]{{GeoGroup|level=0}}

== Operational details ==
Part of the delay at a typical high-volume right-hand traffic intersection is to accommodate left-turns; through-traffic must wait for the traffic turning left because it crosses the path of the through traffic. The continuous flow intersection moves the left-turn conflict out of the intersection and synchronizes it with the signal cycle of the intersecting road.

In the adjacent diagram, while the left/right traffic flows through the main intersection, the  left-turn traffic crosses to the opposite side of the oncoming traffic a few hundred feet away. Doing this removes the crossing conflict. When the north/south through traffic is allowed through the main intersection, the north/south left-turn lanes are also allowed through the intersections as their paths are no longer crossing.  All traffic flow is controlled by traffic signals as at a regular intersection.

The Louisiana DOTD article on the Baton Rouge CFI includes a particularly informative diagram of that intersection.<ref name="Louisiana">{{cite web |last=Ruiz de Chavez |first=Lindsay |date=2006-03-21 |title=First 'continuous-flow' intersection in the state opens on Airline today |url=http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/pressreleases/Release.aspx?key=627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527101018/http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/pressreleases/Release.aspx?key=627 |archive-date=2010-05-27 |access-date=4 August 2018 |publisher=Louisiana Department of Transportation & Development}}</ref>

To reduce confusion regarding the left-turn lane, the left-turn lane and the straight-through lanes are usually separated by a [[Jersey barrier|concrete barrier]] or [[traffic island]].  This diagram shows the straight-through lanes offset by one lane through the intersection and are guided by lines painted through the intersection.  But this is just a sample configuration; the lanes may be offset by more lanes or none at all.

Nonetheless, due to the provision of traffic between two directions of opposing traffic, some motorists tend to maintain an ongoing criticism of the intersection.  Additionally, as in the case of the half-CFI in Accokeek, the offset left-turn traffic reenters the main traffic stream via a half-signal, requiring motorists to merge from a stop condition onto the higher-speed mainline.  Motorists sometimes cite discomfort due to the speed differential, a known cause of accidents, though conflicts can be reduced through the provision of an adequate acceleration lane and merge area.  The [[Accokeek, Maryland]] CFI also has notable inequalities in traffic flow depending upon the direction of travel.

This type of intersection can require a significant amount of right-of-way to implement (dependent upon the configuration), which is why the technique is not frequently used in urban areas. However, the amount of right-of-way necessary for construction and final operation is still typically less than that of an interchange. Additionally, as there is no grade separation involved, costs are considerably less than that of an interchange alternative.

== Case studies ==
The redesign of the Redwood Road/6200 South intersection in Taylorsville, Utah cut emissions of [[carbon dioxide]] by 19 [[short ton|ton]]s (17&nbsp;[[tonne]]s) per year.<ref name=":1">FHWA: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKAONboIzao DLT Case Study – Redwood Road at 6200 South in Taylorsville (Utah)], published July 31, 2014</ref> Compared to the previous design, the redesign of the Bangerter Highway/3500 South intersection saves {{frac|3|1|2}} minutes of travel time per vehicle and {{convert|800,000|USgal|L|abbr=off|sp=us}} of fuel per year, and has 60% fewer accidents nearby; it also cost $20 million to $40 million less in construction costs than a grade-separated alternative.<ref>FHWA: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5-U_TgEtJA DLT Case Study – Bangerter Highway in Salt Lake County (Utah)], published July 31, 2014</ref>

== Parallel-flow intersection ==
A '''parallel-flow intersection''' ('''PFI''') is a variant similar to the CFI, patented in 2006.<ref>{{cite patent | country = US | number = 7135989 B2 | title = Parallel flow vehicle turn system for traffic intersections | status = patent | inventor = Gregory Fife Parsons | assign1 = Gregory Fife Parsons | gdate = 2006-11-14 | pridate = 2004-09-27|  fdate = 2004-09-27 }}</ref> It arranges the left-turning traffic in a different manner; it is not displaced, instead turning left closer to the intersection onto a parallel roadway, to the left of oncoming traffic.<ref>Federal Highway Administration: [https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09060/006.cfm ''Alternative Intersections/Interchanges: Informational Report (AIIR)''], Publication Number: ''FHWA-HRT-09-060'', April 2010</ref> This was first used in [[New Jersey]] at the junction of [[New Jersey Route 168]] and [[U.S. Route 130|US Highway 130]], between [[Haddon Township, New Jersey|Haddon Township]] and [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] ({{coord|39.90412|N|75.095812|W}}).

== See also ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Junction (road)]]
* [[Advanced stop line]]
* [[Bowtie (road)|Bowtie]]
* [[Box junction]]
* [[Hook turn]]
* [[Jughandle]]
* [[Michigan left]]
* [[Quadrant roadway intersection]]
* [[Roundabout]]
* [[Seagull intersection]]
* [[Slip lane]]
* [[Staggered junction]]
* [[Superstreet]]
* [[Texas T]]
* [[Texas U-turn]]
* [[Turnaround (road)]]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [[Federal Highway Administration]], [http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04091/10.htm#1023 Alternative Intersection Treatments - CFI]
* [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720090118/http://attap.umd.edu/UAID_ags.php?UAIDType=5&iFeature=2 ATTAP] - Animation of a CFI (QuickTime required). Additional information may be accessed via the links on the left side.
*: <small>''Note that due to the relatively recent installation of the CFI in Baton Rouge, West Valley, UT, and Fenton, MO, some images may not show the existing conditions.''</small>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060623050623/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,610152168,00.html Deseret News story about CFI]
* [http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=109039 KSL News story about CFI]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050930182940/http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/05jan/03.htm U.S. Department of Transportation]
* [http://www.natchezdemocrat.com/news/2009/dec/04/continuous-flow-intersection-opens/ CFI open in Natchez, MS]
* Seonyeong Cheong, Saed Rahwanji and Gang-Len Chang: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131230022522/http://attap.umd.edu/bbs/data/publications/Seonyeong_IEEE08_1.pdf Comparison of Three Unconventional Arterial Intersection Designs: CFI, PFI and Upstream Signalized Crossover], ATTAP, University of Maryland, 3 June 2008
* [http://www.virginiadot.org/FHWA-SA-14-068DLTInformationalGuide.pdf ''DISPLACED LEFT TURN INTERSECTION Informational Guide''], Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-SA-14-068, August 2014

{{Road junction types}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Continuous-Flow Intersection}}
[[Category:Road junction types]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]