View source for Marine Corps Martial Arts Program

{{Short description|US military combat system training}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{morefootnotes|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox Martial art
| logo         = MCMAP1insignia.jpg
| logocaption  = MCMAP logo
| logosize     = 250px
| image        =
| imagecaption =
| imagesize    =
| name = Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
| aka =
| focus = [[Hybrid martial arts|Hybrid]]
| hardness     =
| country = {{flagu|United States}}
| creator = {{Marines|United States}}
| parenthood = Real life-based combat gun training and weapon training
| famous_pract =
| ancestor arts =
| descendant arts =
| website = <!-- http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/TBS/Pages/MA/default.htm dead link, seems to be broken right now -->
}}

The '''Marine Corps Martial Arts Program''' ('''MCMAP''', {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɪ|k|m|æ|p}}) is a combat system developed by the [[United States Marine Corps]] to combine existing and new [[hand-to-hand combat|hand-to-hand]] and [[Close combat|close quarters combat]] techniques with morale and team-building functions and instruction in the warrior ethos.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/yi.pdf
|title=MCMAP and the Warrior Ethos
|author=Yi, Capt. Jamison, USMC
|publisher=United States Marine Corps
|access-date=14 September 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050923064549/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/yi.pdf
|archive-date=23 September 2005
|url-status=dead}}</ref> The program, which began in 2001, trains Marines (and [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] personnel attached to Marine units) in unarmed combat, edged weapons, weapons of opportunity, and rifle and [[bayonet]] techniques. 

It also stresses mental and character development, including the responsible use of force, leadership, and teamwork.

==History==
[[File:MCMAP in New York City.jpg|thumb|Marines demonstrate MCMAP in [[Times Square]] for [[Fleet Week]] 2010]]
[[File:General James L. Jones visits MCRD San Diego, California (24 January 2002).png|thumb|2 MCMAP instructors with General [[James L. Jones]] in January 2002 at MCRD San Diego]]
The MCMAP was officially created by Marine Corps Order 1500.54, published in 2002, as a "revolutionary step in the development of martial arts skills for Marines and replaces all other close-combat related systems preceding its introduction."<ref name="MCO1500" /> MCMAP comes from an evolution dating back to the creation of the Marine Corps, beginning with the martial abilities of Marine [[Boarding (attack)#Boarding in the Age of Sail|boarding]] parties, who often had to rely on bayonet and [[cutlass]] techniques. During [[World War I]] these bayonet techniques were supplemented with unarmed combat techniques, which often proved useful in [[trench warfare]]. Between the world wars, [[Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr.|Colonel Anthony J. Biddle]] began the creation of standardized bayonet and close combat techniques based on [[boxing]], [[wrestling]], [[savate]] and [[fencing]]. Also during this period, Captains [[Wallace M. Greene]] and [[Samuel B. Griffith]] learned [[Chinese martial arts|Kung Fu]] techniques from Chinese American Marines and brought this knowledge to other Marines throughout the Marine Corps.

In 1956, at [[Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego|Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) San Diego]], Lieutenant Colonel Ralph Hayward (captain of the [[Judo]] team at MCRD) made [[Gunnery sergeant|Gunnery Sergeant]] Bill Miller the new [[Non-Commissioned Officer in Charge]] of hand-to-hand combat. Miller was ordered to develop a new curriculum that any Marine could use to quickly kill the enemy. Miller created the program from various martial arts such as Okinawan [[Karate#Okinawa|karate]], [[judo]], [[taekwondo]], [[boxing]], and [[jujutsu]]. Every Marine recruit that went through MCRD was instructed in Miller's combat curriculum. This also included [[Special forces|special operations forces]] from all branches of the [[United States Armed Forces|military]] and civilian entities. Later in 2001, retired Gunnery Sergeant Bill Miller was awarded the Black Belt [[Emeritus]] "for pioneering Martial Arts in the United States Marine Corps."

Eventually these different techniques evolved into the [[LINE (combat system)|LINE System]] in the early 1980s. Later, the system was found to be lacking in flexibility and techniques for use in situations that did not require lethal force, such as [[peacekeeping]] operations. The Marine Corps began searching for a more effective system. The result was the Marine Corps close combat training program implemented in 1997–1999. MCMAP was implemented as part of a [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|Commandant of the Marine Corps]] initiative in summer 2000. Commandant [[James L. Jones]] assigned Lieutenant Colonel George Bristol and Master Gunnery Sergeant Cardo Urso, with almost 70 years of martial arts experience between them, to establish the new MCMAP curriculum.

==Structure and belt system==
[[File:MCMAP Belt Structure.svg|thumb|right|300px|MCMAP Belts]]
{{See also|Dan (rank)}}
The program uses an advancement system of colored belts similar to that of most martial arts. The different levels of belts are:
* '''Tan belt''', the lowest color belt and conducted during entry-level training, signifies the basic understanding of the mental, physical, and character disciplines. It is the minimum requirement of all Marines with a training time of 27.5 hours and has no prerequisites. Recruits receive these belts after completion of a practical application test on all of the basic techniques of the Tan Belt.
* '''Gray belt''' is the second belt attained after 25 hours of training. It signifies an intermediate understanding of the basic disciplines. 
* '''Green belt''' is the third belt, requiring 25 hours of training. This belt signifies understanding of the intermediate fundamentals of the different disciplines. This is the first belt level in which one can become an instructor, which allows him or her to teach tan, grey, and green belt techniques with the power to award the appropriate belt. The prerequisites for this belt include a recommendation from reporting senior.
* '''Brown belt''' is the fourth belt level requiring 33 hours of training. It introduces Marines to the advanced fundamentals of each discipline. In addition, as with green belts, they may be certified as instructors and teach tan through brown techniques. Prerequisites for this belt include recommendation of reporting senior.
* '''Black belt''' 1st degree is the highest belt color and requires 40 hours of supervised training. It signifies knowledge of the advanced fundamentals of the different disciplines. A 1st degree black belt instructor may teach fundamentals from tan to black belt and award the appropriate belt. In addition, a black belt can become an instructor-trainer, which authorizes them to teach and award all belts, as well as teach and certify instructors. Prerequisites include recommendation of reporting senior.

There are an additional five degrees of black belt, with several of the same common prerequisites, including recommendation of reporting senior, appropriate level of [[Professional military education in the United States Air Force|professional military education]] completed, and current instructor status. Black belt 2nd degree to 6th degree signify that the holder is an authority in the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program. In addition to the above prerequisite, each belt also has its own rank requirements.

Because the belts are worn with the [[Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform]], the complete range of belt colors such as red, yellow, or purple are excluded as a practical consideration. Once Marines obtain their green belt, they can attend an additional training course (such as those at the two [[United States Marine Corps School of Infantry|Schools of Infantry]]) to become a martial arts instructor (secondary [[United States military occupation code|Military Occupational Specialty]] (MOS) 0916, formerly 8551).

MCMAP instructors can train and certify other Marines up to their current belt level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marines.mil/news/messages/Pages/MARADMIN645-10.aspx |title=MARADMIN 645/10: Announcement of Release of Marine Corps Order 1500.59 Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP) |last=Flynn |first=LtGen George J. |date=18 November 2010 |work=Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration |publisher=United States Marine Corps |access-date=7 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629182122/http://www.marines.mil/news/messages/Pages/MARADMIN645-10.aspx |archive-date=29 June 2011 }}</ref> The instructor status is signified by one vertical tan stripe on the MCMAP belt. A Marine must have attended at least the Martial Arts Instructor (MAI) course to advance beyond first degree black belt. The only one who can train a Marine to be an instructor are black belt Martial Arts Instructor-Trainers (MAIT). An instructor-trainer's status is signified by a vertical red stripe on the MCMAP belt and a secondary MOS of 0917 (formerly 8552). To become a MAIT, a Marine must have already completed a local MAI course. The Marine then attends the MAIT course at the Martial Arts Center of Excellence located at [[Marine Raider Museum|Raider Hall]] at [[Marine Corps Base Quantico]].

MCMAP techniques can be taught to other services and to foreign military members, and belts are awarded to those who complete the course.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmc.mil/marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/ac95bc775efc34c685256ab50049d458/acdebe63e5a1644c85256fea0066b934?OpenDocument|title=MCMAP training inside and outside the Corps Black Belts Introduce Close Combat to Maldives|publisher=United States Marine Corps|access-date=14 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015000507/http://usmc.mil/marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/ac95bc775efc34c685256ab50049d458/acdebe63e5a1644c85256fea0066b934?OpenDocument|archive-date=15 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmc.mil/marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/ac95bc775efc34c685256ab50049d458/fa48693dcebbf03185256fea00707dce?OpenDocument|title=MCMAP prepares Mongolians for future|publisher=United States Marine Corps|access-date=14 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015000515/http://usmc.mil/marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/ac95bc775efc34c685256ab50049d458/fa48693dcebbf03185256fea00707dce?OpenDocument|archive-date=15 October 2007}}</ref>

==Disciplines==
[[File:USMC-110221-M-4388Z-001.jpg|thumb| “One mind, any weapon.” The motto focuses on developing mental strength as well as physical<ref>[https://www.jbcharleston.jb.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/1429109/marine-embraces-mcmap-motto-one-mind-any-weapon/ Marine embraces MCMAP motto “one mind, any weapon”] By Christopher Hubenthal, Joint Base Charleston.</ref>]]
"MCMAP is a synergy of mental, character, and physical disciplines with application across the full spectrum of violence."<ref name="MCO1500">MCO 1500.54A</ref> The disciplines are the foundation of the MCMAP system, as it serves a dual purpose. MCMAP was implemented to increase the combat efficiency, as well as to increase the confidence and leadership abilities, of Marines. Marines are required to develop the mind, body and spirit simultaneously and equally. Safety is also of importance, so equipment such as mouthguards and pads are used in conjunction with techniques such as half-speed practice and break-falls to prevent injury.

The Commandant of the Marine Corps determined that the disciplines studied in MCMAP are integral to the function of Marines and had ordered that all Marines attain a tan belt qualification by the end of 2007. Additionally, all infantry Marines are required to attain a green belt qualification, and other combat arms must attain a gray belt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marines.mil/news/messages/Pages/2007/MARINECORPSMARTIALARTSPROGRAM(MCMAP)UPDATE.aspx |title=ALMAR 034/07: Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP) Update |last=Conway |first=James T. |author-link=James T. Conway |date=16 July 2007 |publisher=United States Marine Corps |access-date=14 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516231014/http://www.marines.mil/news/messages/Pages/2007/MARINECORPSMARTIALARTSPROGRAM%28MCMAP%29UPDATE.aspx |archive-date=16 May 2008 }}</ref>

===Mental===
Warrior Studies focus on individuals that have shown exemplary service on the battlefield, as well as discussion and analysis of combat citations. Martial culture studies focus on societies that produce warriors either primarily or exclusively. Some of the martial cultures that are studied are the [[Marine Raiders]], [[Sparta]]ns, [[Zulu people|Zulu]] and [[Apache]]. By studying these cultures, Marines learn fundamental tactics and methods of the past and reconnect themselves with the warrior ethos of the Marine Corps. Combative behavior studies interpersonal violence, as well as [[rules of engagement]] and the force continuum (which dictates when and how much force can be used in response to the mission, up to and including [[Deadly force|lethal force]]). The development of this discipline also stresses situational awareness, tactical and strategic decision-making, and operational risk management.

===Character===
The purpose of this discipline is to create "ethical warriors." It involves discussion on Marine Corps core values, ethics, and good citizenship. An instructor can fail a Marine if he or she feels that the student does not adequately possess honor, courage, and commitment. Some belts also require the approval of the commanding officer before being awarded. The force continuum is discussed, allowing a Marine to responsibly use the minimum amount of force necessary, including lethal force. Leadership qualities are also stressed.

===Physical===
In MCMAP, only a third of the training involves techniques and physical development. The physical discipline includes the training of fighting techniques, strength, and endurance.
This discipline also includes sustainment of skills and techniques already taught, in order to improve skill as well as develop weak-side proficiency. [[Ground fighting]], [[grappling]], [[Pugil stick|pugil bouts]], bayonet dummies, and other techniques are used to familiarize Marines with the application of the techniques used. In addition, physical strength and endurance are [[Aliveness (martial arts)|tested and improved]] with various techniques that often require teamwork or competition, such as [[calisthenics]], running with full gear, log carries, and boxing matches. Techniques can also be practiced in water or in low-light conditions to simulate combat stress.

==Techniques==
MCMAP draws influences from several disciplines including [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]], [[Wrestling]],  [[Judo]], [[Capoeira]], [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], [[Bujinkan|Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu]], [[boxing]], [[Savate]], [[kickboxing]], [[Isshin-ryū]] [[Karate]], [[Muay Thai]], [[Taekwondo]], [[Chinese martial arts|Kung Fu]], [[Aikido]], [[Hapkido]], [[Arnis|Eskrima]], [[Arnis in popular culture|Sayoc Kali]], [[Jujutsu]], [[Krav Maga]], [[Iaido]], [[Kendo]], and [[Kobudo]].<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Marine-Corps-Martial-Arts-Program/dp/1475262256 The Marine Corps Martial Arts Program: The Complete Combat System: United States Marine Corps: 9781475262254: Amazon.com: Books<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

[[File:MCMAP1.jpg|thumb|Marines practice MCMAP after being exposed to [[Pepper spray]].]]
[[File:MCMAP2.jpg|thumb|Marines practice ground fighting in the rain.]]
[[File:MCMAP shoulder throw.JPG|thumb|Marines practice throws.]]
[[File:Combat knife attached to gun.jpg|thumb|Marines practice bayonet techniques.]]
[[File:2nd MAW trains keepers of the peace 02.jpg|thumb|Marines practice unarmed manipulations.]]
[[File:Raider Hall (Marine Corps Base Quantico) 001 crop.jpg|thumb|Raider Hall, home of Marine Corps Martial Arts Center of Excellence.]]
The techniques used by MCMAP vary in degrees of lethality, allowing the user to select the most appropriate (usually the least) amount of force. For example, a Marine facing a nonviolent but noncompliant subject can use an unarmed restraint to force compliance with minimal damage and pain. A more aggressive subject could be met with a choke, hold, or a strike. Lethal force can be used on a subject as a last resort. The majority of techniques can be defensive or offensive in use, with or without a weapon; allowing Marines flexibility in combat and operations other than war (such as civil control or humanitarian missions, as well as self-defense).
An instructor can augment the circumstances of training to better fit the unit's mission, such as [[military police]] practicing after being exposed to [[pepper spray]].

===Tan Belt===

The tan belt syllabus focuses on the development of the basics of armed and unarmed combat. Students start with the basic warrior stance and break-falls are taught for safety, then move to:
* Basic [[Punch (combat)|punches]], [[Uppercut|uppercuts]], and [[Hook (boxing)|hooks]]
* Basic upper-body strikes, including the eye gouge, hammer fists, and [[Elbow (strike)|elbow strikes]]
* Basic lower-body strikes, including [[kick]]s, [[Knee (strike)|knee strikes]], and [[Stomp (strike)|stomps]]
* Bayonet techniques
* Basic [[Chokehold|chokes]], [[Joint lock|joint locks]], and [[Throw (grappling)|throws]]
* Counters to strikes, chokes, and holds
* Basic unarmed restraints and armed manipulations
* Basic knife techniques
* Basic weapons of opportunity
In order to obtain a tan belt the student must score 80 %, students can fail no more than 10 techniques. If a student fails testing, he/she must wait a minimum of 24 hours before retesting. The tan belt syllabus is part of [[The Basic School]] and [[United States Marine Corps#Initial training|recruit training]] curriculum.

===Gray Belt===

The gray belt syllabus expands on the basic techniques with:
* Intermediate bayonet techniques
* Intermediate upper-body strikes including [[Knifehand strike|knife-hands]] (karate chops) and elbow strikes
* Intermediate lower-body strikes including kicks, knee strikes, and stomps
* Intermediate chokes, joint locks, and throws
* Counters to strikes, chokes, and holds
* Intermediate unarmed restraints and arm/wrist manipulations
* Intermediate knife techniques
* Basic ground fighting
* Intermediate weapons of opportunity
In addition to the new techniques learned, the student must show knowledge of the previous belt by executing 5 techniques from tan belt.
If a student performs any of the 5 techniques incorrectly, the student fails the testing evaluation.
In order to obtain a gray belt the student must score 80%, students can fail no more than 10 techniques. If a student fails testing, he/she must wait a minimum of 24 hours before retesting.

===Green Belt===
* Intermediate knife techniques
* Intermediate weapon of opportunity techniques (blocking)
* Intermediate ground fighting with [[Armlock|arm bars]]
* Intermediate bayonet training
* Intermediate chokes (from the side)
* Intermediate throws from the shoulder
* Lower body strikes
* Counters to strikes
* Unarmed joint manipulations with enhanced pain compliance

===Brown Belt===

* advanced bayonet techniques
* advanced ground fighting and chokes
* advanced throws
* unarmed vs. handheld weapons
* firearm retention
* firearm disarmament
* advanced knife techniques

===Black Belt 1st Degree===

* advanced bayonet techniques
* advanced chokes, holds, and throws
* advanced ground fighting
* basic counter-firearm techniques
* advanced upper-body strikes, including strikes and smashes
* advanced knife techniques
* pressure points
* improvised weapons
* counterattacks

===Black Belt 2nd Degree===

* rifle vs. rifle
* short weapon vs. rifle
* unarmed vs. rifle

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{Marine Corps}}
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.marines.mil/news/publications/Pages/MCO150059(PRELIM).aspx |title=MCO 1500.59: Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP) |publisher=United States Marine Corps |date=15 November 2010 |access-date=7 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120115639/http://www.marines.mil/news/publications/Pages/MCO150059%28PRELIM%29.aspx |archive-date=20 January 2011 }}
** {{cite web|url=http://www.usmc.mil/news/publications/Pages/MCO%201500.54A.aspx |title=MCO 1500.54A: Marine Corps Martial Arts Program |publisher=United States Marine Corps |date=16 December 2002 |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409092856/http://www.usmc.mil/news/publications/Pages/MCO%201500.54A.aspx |archive-date=9 April 2008 }}
** {{cite web|url=http://documents.scribd.com/docs/t208au9nioir5f49jip.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908114122/http://documents.scribd.com/docs/t208au9nioir5f49jip.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 September 2008|title=MCRP 3-02B: Close Combat|date=12 February 1999|publisher=United States Marine Corps|access-date=26 June 2010}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.usmc.mil/news/publications/Pages/MCO%201510.122A.aspx |title=MCO 1510.122A: Individual Training Standards (ITS) System for the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program |date=3 December 2002 |publisher=United States Marine Corps |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409074133/http://www.usmc.mil/news/publications/Pages/MCO%201510.122A.aspx |archive-date=9 April 2008 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.usmc.mil/news/publications/Pages/NAVMC%202933.aspx |title=NAVMC 2933: MCMAP Training Log |publisher=United States Marine Corps |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409105231/http://www.usmc.mil/news/publications/Pages/NAVMC%202933.aspx |archive-date=9 April 2008 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.fighttimes.com/magazine/magazine.asp?issue=3&article=93|title=History of the Marine Corps Martial Art Program|last=Corbin|first=Mack|publisher=Fight Times|access-date=26 June 2010}}
* {{cite news|title=Guru's Teaching Inspired Commandant's Martial Arts Program|last=Figueroa|first=Joe A.|date=29 March 2001|publisher=United States Marine Corps}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.marines.mil/unit/basecamppendleton/Pages/News/2001/Old%20Breed%20of%20Martial%20Artists%20still%20kicking.aspx |title=Old Breed of Martial Artists Still Kicking |last=Figueroa |first=Joe A. |date=29 March 2001 |publisher=United States Marine Corps |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629165235/http://www.marines.mil/unit/basecamppendleton/Pages/News/2001/Old%20Breed%20of%20Martial%20Artists%20still%20kicking.aspx |archive-date=29 June 2011 }}
* {{cite magazine|last=Cerrone|first=Aaron|date=September 2003|title=Real Fighting|magazine=[[Black Belt (magazine)|Black Belt]]|volume= 41|issue= 9|pages=88–92|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtwDAAAAMBAJ&q=black+belt+magazine+september+2003&pg=PA29}}
* {{cite journal|last=Shusko|first=Joseph C.|date=February 2007|title=The Ethical Warrior of the 21st Century|journal=[[Marine Corps Gazette]]|publisher=[[Marine Corps Association]]|pages=20–23|url=http://www.marinecorpsgazette-digital.com/marinecorpsgazette/200702/?pg=22#pg22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110041302/http://www.marinecorpsgazette-digital.com/marinecorpsgazette/200702/?pg=22#pg22|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-11-10}}
* {{cite journal|last=Hoban|first=Jack E.|date=September 2007|title=The Ethical Marine Warrior|journal=Marine Corps Gazette|publisher=Marine Corps Association|pages=36–43|url=http://www.marinecorpsgazette-digital.com/marinecorpsgazette/200709/?pg=38#pg38|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023185620/http://www.marinecorpsgazette-digital.com/marinecorpsgazette/200709/?pg=38#pg38|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-23}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/article/developing-ethical-marine-warrior|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225034814/http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/article/developing-ethical-marine-warrior|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 February 2012|title=Developing the Ethical Marine Warrior|last=Hoban|first=Jack E.|work=Marine Corps Gazette|publisher=Marine Corps Association|access-date=26 June 2010}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.govexec.com/defense/2002/01/marines-martial-arts-training-aims-to-make-the-tough-tougher/10800/|title=Marines' martial arts training aims to make the tough tougher|last=Taylor|first=Stuart|date=4 January 2002|work=[[National Journal]]|publisher=[[Government Executive]]|access-date=26 June 2010}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/videos/human-weapon-the-history-of-marine-corps-martial-arts#human-weapon-the-history-of-marine-corps-martial-arts |title=The History of Marine Corps Martial Arts |work=[[Human Weapon]] |publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]] |date=21 September 2007 |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308153652/http://www.history.com/videos/human-weapon-the-history-of-marine-corps-martial-arts |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/videos/human-weapon-master-fights-marine-corps-martial-arts#human-weapon-master-fights-marine-corps-martial-arts |title=Master Fights Marine Corps Martial Arts |work=Human Weapon |publisher=The History Channel |date=21 September 2007 |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308115201/http://www.history.com/videos/human-weapon-master-fights-marine-corps-martial-arts |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.aikicommunications.net/heckler.html|title=A Few Good Men Try the Marine Martial Art, and Take on 2 Gurus|last=Jaffe|first=Greg|date=9 October 2000|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=26 June 2010}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Marine Corps Martial Arts Program}}
* [https://vcepub.tecom.usmc.mil/sites/trngcmd/tbs/tbsmace/default.aspx USMC Martial Arts Center of Excellence – CAC Enabled]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170914111038/http://www.comsass.org/ Comsass International Combatives Sciences Association]
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/USMC-MCMAP.pdf MCRP 3-02B Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP)] by US Marine Corps, 21 November 2011

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