View source for Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher

{{Short description|Indian long-range multiple launch rocket system}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Pinaka
| image              = DRDO_successfully_test_fired_the_Guided_PINAKA_on_March_11,_2019.jpg
| caption            = Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher
| origin             = India
| type               = [[Multiple launch rocket system]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          = "yes"
| is_bladed          = hbg
| is_explosive       = "yes"
| is_artillery       = "yes"
| is_vehicle         = "yes"
| is_missile         = "yes"
| is_UK              = <!-- Service history -->
| service            = 
| used_by            = See ''[[#Operators|Operators]]''
| wars               = [[Kargil War]]<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = [[Armament Research and Development Establishment]] ([[DRDO]])
| design_date        = 1986-present
| manufacturer       = *Rocket & Ammunition<ref name=":01"/>
**[[Yantra India]]
**Solar Industries
*Launchers & other vehicles<ref>{{cite news|title=Tata Group, L&T to build six Pinaka rocket regiments for Army|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tata-group-lt-to-build-six-pinaka-rocket-regiments-for-army/article32488946.ece/|access-date=25 March 2022|agency=PIB|work=The Hindu|date=31 August 2020|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325172013/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tata-group-lt-to-build-six-pinaka-rocket-regiments-for-army/article32488946.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Tata Advanced Systems]]
**[[Larsen & Toubro]]
| unit_cost          = {{INRConvert|430|c|year=2020|lk=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-mod-orders-six-regiments-worth-of-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launchers|title=Indian MoD orders six regiments' worth of Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launchers|website=Janes.com|date=September 2020 }}</ref> per regiment
| production_date    = 1994-present<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/101/sys/land/row/pinaka.htm|title=Pinaka Multibarrel Rocket Launcher|access-date=23 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223201044/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/pinaka.htm|archive-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>
| variants           = See ''[[#Specifications|Specifications]]''
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = 
| length             = {{convert|2.91-5.17|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = 
| width              = 
| height             = 
| diameter           = {{convert|122 - 214|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| crew               = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge          = 
| caliber            = * {{convert|122|mm|in|abbr=on}} (ERR 122)
* {{convert|214|mm|in|abbr=on}} (Pinaka Mk-I, Mk-I Enhanced, Mk-II, Mk-II ER)
| barrels            = 12
| action             = 
| rate               = 12 rockets per launcher or 72 rockets per battery under 44 seconds
| velocity           = 
| range              = {{convert|37.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} to {{convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| max_range          = {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="pib.nic.in2" /><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.janes.com/article/84450/rocket-science-id18d3 | title=Rocket science [ID18D3] {{pipe}} Jane's 360}}</ref>
| feed               = 
| sights             = <!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech             = 
| recoil             = 
| carriage           = 
| elevation          = 55°
| traverse           = 90°
<!-- Explosive specifications -->| filling            = [[HMX]] ([[high explosive]] [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmentation]], [[cluster munition]]–incendiary, [[anti-personnel]], [[anti-tank]], [[mine-laying]])
| filling_weight     = {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|250|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| detonation         = [[Contact fuze|Contact]], [[Proximity fuze|proximity]] and [[Artillery fuze|electronic time fuze]]
| yield              = <!-- Vehicle specifications -->
| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = T-930 [[Multifuel|multi-fuel]] [[turbocharged]] [[V8 engine]] with [[intercooler]]
| engine_power       = 
| transmission       = 
| payload_capacity   = 22 [[tonne]]
| fuel_capacity      = 
| pw_ratio           = 
| suspension         = [[Leaf spring]] and [[air suspension]] with telescopic [[shock absorber]]s
| clearance          = 
| vehicle_range      = ~800 km
| speed              = Rocket: [[Mach number|Mach]] 4 <br> Launcher: {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| guidance           = [[Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation]] with [[GPS]]/[[NavIC]] [[satellite guidance]]
| steering           = <!-- Missiles only -->
| wingspan           = 
| propellant         = High-energy composite [[solid fuel]]
| ceiling            = 
| altitude           = {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| depth              = 
| boost              = 
| accuracy           = >7 m to <60 m [[Circular error probable|CEP]] (Trajectory Correction System: <30 m)
| launch_platform    = 
| transport          = [[BEML]]-[[Tatra T813]] [[8WD]] <br/>[[BEML]]-[[Tatra T815]] [[8WD]]
}}

'''Pinaka''' ({{Lit|[[Pinaka (Hinduism)|Bow of lord shiva]]}}) is a [[multiple rocket launcher]] produced in India and developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) for the [[Indian Army]]. The system has a maximum range of {{convert|45|km|abbr=on}} for Mark-I Enhanced<ref name=":13" /> and {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} for Mark-II ER version,<ref name="ANIDec20192">{{Cite news |date=2019-12-20 |title=Pinaka missile successfully test-fired, extended range version hit targets at 90 kms |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/pinaka-missile-successfully-test-fired-extended-range-version-hit-targets-at-90-kms20191220122212/ |access-date=2019-12-20 |newspaper=[[Asian News International|ANI News]]}}</ref> and can fire a [[salvo]] of 12 [[Explosive material|HE]] rockets per launcher in 44 seconds. The system is mounted on a [[Tatra cars|Tatra]] truck for mobility. Pinaka saw service during the [[Kargil War]], where it was successful in neutralising Pakistani positions on the mountain tops.<ref>{{cite news|title=India to increase production of indigenously developed rocket 'Pinaka'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/india-to-increase-production-of-indigenously-developed-rocket-pinaka-115040500033_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214173105/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/india-to-increase-production-of-indigenously-developed-rocket-pinaka-115040500033_1.html|archive-date=14 February 2018|location=Wayback Machine|date=5 April 2015}}</ref> It has since been inducted into the Indian Army in large numbers.<ref name=st22a13>{{cite news|title=Pinaka rocket system wins DRDO award|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5055142784656506184&SectionId=5171561142064258099SectionName=Pune&NewsTitle=Pinaka%20rocket%20system%20wins%20DRDO%20award|access-date=24 July 2013|newspaper=Sakaal Times|date=22 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220531/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5055142784656506184&SectionId=5171561142064258099SectionName%3DPune&NewsTitle=Pinaka%20rocket%20system%20wins%20DRDO%20award|archive-date=4 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=jj25m13>{{cite news|title=Union Government cleared 1500 crore Rupees Proposal for Pinaka Rockets|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/union-government-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-proposal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1|access-date=24 July 2013|newspaper=Jagran Josh|date=25 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808185501/http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/union-government-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-proposal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1|archive-date=8 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In April 2013, {{INRConvert|1388.80|c|lk=on|year=2013}} was sanctioned for increasing the production capacity of Pinaka rockets from then 1,000 to 5,000 per year. Unutilised land of the [[Yantra India Limited]] was also being considered for further capacity expansion when production of advanced variants would commence. The expansion was completed by 2014.<ref name=pib1>{{cite web|title=Pinaka Rockets|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=112681|website=[[Press Information Bureau|PIB]], Govt of India|access-date=6 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211145808/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=112681|archive-date=11 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Development ==
The Indian Army operates the Russian [[BM-21 Grad]] Launchers. In 1981, in response to the Indian Army's need for a long range artillery system, the Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) sanctioned two confidence building projects. In July 1983, the Army formulated their General Staff Qualitative Requirement (GSQR) for the system. In December 1986, the MoD sanctioned {{INRConvert|26.47|c|lk=on|year=1986}}. [[Armament Research & Development Establishment]] (ARDE) was appointed the System Coordinator for the project. The project included seven other laboratories [[DRDO]] like [[Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment]] (CVRDE), [[High Energy Materials Research Laboratory]] (HEMRL) and [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]] (LRDE).<ref name=":7" /> 

DRDO was to fabricate seven launcher vehicles, of which six were to be supplied to the Army for user trials, three replenishment-cum-loader vehicles including two for the Army’s user trials, one [[command post]] vehicle.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |title=214mm Pinaka MBRL |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/army/equipment/artillery/214mm-pinaka-mbrl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003114344/https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/army/equipment/artillery/214mm-pinaka-mbrl/ |archive-date=2024-10-03 |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-US}}</ref> Induction was planned at the rate of one Regiment per year from 1994 onwards. This system would eventually replace the Grads.

=== Mark 1 ===
Development began in December 1986, with a sanctioned budget of {{INRConvert|26.47|c|lk=on|year=1986}}. The development was to be completed in December 1992. As per a report the prototype was rolled out by 1992.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=office_zzam |date=2013-02-02 |title=Successfully test fired for the Indian-made Pinaka 214mm MLRS Multiple |url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2013/india-2-february-2013-news-uk |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=armyrecognition.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> The user trials of the system by the Army began by February 1999 after the developmental trials. The user trials ended in December 1999.<ref name=":0" /> The first order for full-rate production was placed with [[Ordnance Factory]] in 2007.<ref name=":01" />

The Pinaka is in the process of further improvement. [[Israel Military Industries]] teamed up with DRDO to implement its Trajectory Correction System (TCS) on the Pinaka, for further improvement of its [[Circular error probable|CEP]]. This has been trialed and has shown excellent results.<ref>{{cite web |title=TCS |url=http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/artillery/tcs/TCS.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020112540/http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/artillery/tcs/TCS.html |archive-date=20 October 2008 |access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref> The rockets can also be guided by [[GPS]] to improve their accuracy. A wraparound microstrip antenna has been developed by DRDO for this system.<ref>{{cite web |title=DRDO::Electronics |url=http://www.drdo.org/Electronics/antenna.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210053255/http://www.drdo.org/Electronics/antenna.html |archive-date=10 December 2008 |access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref><ref name=":7" />[[File:Pinaka-ER.webm|thumb|left|Pinaka-ER.]]To decrease single source dependency from [[Ordnance Factory Board]] (OFB) and increase competition in product pricing front, final developmental trials of Pinaka manufactured fully by Indian private sector Solar Industries under [[Transfer of Technology]] agreement from DRDO were successfully conducted by Indian Army at [[Pokhran]] Range on 19 August 2020.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Pubby|first=Manu|title=First rockets produced by private sector successfully test fired|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/first-rockets-produced-by-private-sector-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/77646051.cms|access-date=2020-08-22|archive-date=23 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823233109/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/first-rockets-produced-by-private-sector-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/77646051.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As of December 2021, the trials of rockets developed by Economic Explosives Ltd. (subsidiary of Solar Industries Group) and [[Yantra India Limited]]-[[Munitions India Limited]] (YIL-MIL) are underway for two variants, Mk-I Enhanced and Mk-I ADM. The order for these variants are to be placed with one or two of the competitors in order to replace the shorter ranged Mk-I variant rockets.<ref name=":01" />

The Area Denial Munition (ADM) Type-1's warhead comprises a [[DPICM]] sub-munitions offering [[anti-access/area denial]] capabilities to the force against [[mechanised forces]], vehicles and personnel.<ref name=":19" /> 

=== Mark 2 ===
[[File:Pinaka missiles fired in salvo mode on December 20, 2019.jpg|thumb|Pinaka rockets being fired in salvo mode on 20 December 2019.]]
Pinaka Mk II is being developed by Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune; [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI), Hyderabad; and [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL), Hyderabad. Another variant of Mark II called Guided Pinaka is equipped with a navigation, guidance, control kit and has considerably enhanced the range and accuracy of the missile.<ref name="pib.nic.in2">{{cite web |title=Pinaka Rocket |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157988 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827222003/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157988 |archive-date=27 August 2017 |website=[[Press Information Bureau|PIB]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The range of the missile is estimated to be between 60&nbsp;km-75&nbsp;km at all ranges.<ref name="pib.nic.in2" />

[[Sagem]] completed delivery of its [[SAGEM Sigma 30|Sigma 30]] laser-gyro artillery navigation and pointing system for 2 of the Pinaka MBRL systems in June 2010. The Sigma 30 artillery navigation and pointing system is designed for high-precision firing at short notice. The systems would be integrated by [[Tata Power SED]] and [[Larsen & Toubro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defaiya |first=Al |date=2010-06-16 |title=Al Defaiya {{!}} Sagem Developed and Produced Sigma 30 for Artillery Navigation |url=https://defaiya.com/news/Products/Products/2010/06/16/sagem-developed-and-produced-sigma-30-for-artillery-navigation |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=defaiya.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2010-06-30 |title=Sagem delivers Sigma 30 for Pinakarocket launchers |url=https://brahmand.com/news/Sagem-delivers-Sigma-30-for-Pinaka-rocket-launchers/4306/1/10.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003121215/https://brahmand.com/news/Sagem-delivers-Sigma-30-for-Pinaka-rocket-launchers/4306/1/10.html |archive-date=2024-10-03 |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=defaiya.com |language=en}}</ref> The system was ordered in February 2008.<ref>{{cite web |date=2008-02-22 |title=India orders SIGMA 95 and SIGMA 30 systems from Sagem Défense Sécurité |url=http://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-systems-from-sagem-defense-securite |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121062252/http://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-systems-from-sagem-defense-securite |archivedate=2008-11-21 |accessdate=2008-05-23 |publisher=Frontier India Defence and Strategic News Service}}</ref>

Pinaka Mark 2 manufactured by Solar Industries completed User Assisted Technical Trial (UATT) on 8 December 2021 and will now go for user trial which will be completed by March 2022. While [[Yantra India Limited]]-[[Munitions India Limited]] (YIL-MIL) is developing prototype of Pinaka Mark 2 due to delay in transfer of technology by ARDE as of December 2021.<ref name=":01">{{Cite web |last=Arya |first=Shishir |date=11 December 2021 |title=Pvt co, PSU test firepower of Pinaka rocket new versions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/pvt-co-psu-test-firepower-of-pinaka-rocket-new-versions/articleshow/88214856.cms |access-date=2021-12-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211055722/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/pvt-co-psu-test-firepower-of-pinaka-rocket-new-versions/articleshow/88214856.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of September 2022, Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has cleared the procurement proposal of induction of Guided Pinaka variant.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2022-09-27 |title=LAC standoff {{!}} Army deploys entire range of medium range artillery and long range rockets as part of reorientation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lac-standoff-army-deploys-entire-range-of-medium-range-artillery-and-long-range-rockets-as-part-of-reorientation/article65941417.ece |access-date=2022-09-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Flight Trials of Guided Pinaka as part of Validation Trials were completed in November 2024.<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2024-11-14 |title=DRDO successfully completes flight tests of 75km guided Pinaka rocket System |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-successfully-completes-flight-tests-of-75km-guided-pinaka-rocket-system/article68869058.ece |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224100059/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-successfully-completes-flight-tests-of-75km-guided-pinaka-rocket-system/article68869058.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Pinaka Mk 3 ===
In 2005, ARDE revealed about the development of a long range MRL similar to the [[BM-30 Smerch|Smerch MRLS]]. A 7.2-metre rocket for the Pinaka MBRL, which can reach a distance of 120&nbsp;km and carry a 250&nbsp;kg payload will be developed. These new rockets can be fired in 44 seconds, have a maximum speed of [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.7, rise to an altitude of 40&nbsp;km before hitting its target at Mach 1.8. Integrating [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]] with the Pinaka is also in the pipeline, as DRDO intends to install guidance systems on these rockets to increase their accuracy.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mathews |first=Neelam |date=17 September 2020 |title=PREMIUM: India ignites production of Pinaka II rocket systems - Land Warfare - Shephard Media |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/india-ignites-production-pinaka-ii-rocket-systems/ |access-date=2021-06-27 |website=Shephard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indigenously developed Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher test fired successfully |url=https://www.domain-b.com/aviation-aerospace/military-aviation/missiles-munition/indigenously-developed-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-test-fired-successfully |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=www.domain-b.com |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007093404/https://www.domain-b.com/aviation-aerospace/military-aviation/missiles-munition/indigenously-developed-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-test-fired-successfully |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India tests multi-barrel rocket launcher |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/aug/13pinaka.htm |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=www.rediff.com |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091916/https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/aug/13pinaka.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 January 2024, reports revealed that DRDO is developing two new variants of Pinaka rockets, one with a range of 120&nbsp;km and the other with a range of over 200&nbsp;km.'''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=2024-01-17 |title=DRDO rushes to build 200km rockets with China in mind |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-rushes-to-build-200km-rockets-with-china-in-mind/articleshow/106907081.cms |access-date=2024-01-17 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117051319/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-rushes-to-build-200km-rockets-with-china-in-mind/articleshow/106907081.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-17 |title=India planning to develop 120 km, 200 km rockets for Pinaka system |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-drdo-rockets-pinaka-system-capable-hitting-enemy-targets-at-200-km-distance-2489821-2024-01-17 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117132813/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-drdo-rockets-pinaka-system-capable-hitting-enemy-targets-at-200-km-distance-2489821-2024-01-17 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 24 January 2024, few other reports revealed that the range of the rockets shall be 120&nbsp;km and 300&nbsp;km, respectively. The development of new variants have been approved by the Indian Army. While the 120&nbsp;km rocket is to have the same calibre as of the earlier variants (214&nbsp;mm), enabling it to be fired from earlier launchers, the Preliminary Services Qualitative Requirements of the other variant is being chalked out.'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bisht |first=Inder Singh |date=2024-01-26 |title=India Approves 300 Km Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket System |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2024/01/26/india-multi%E2%80%90barrel-rocket/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=The Defense Post |language=en-US |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007050219/https://thedefensepost.com/2024/01/26/india-multi%E2%80%90barrel-rocket/ |url-status=live }}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Indian Army approves advanced rocket development |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/indian-army-approves-advanced-rocket-development |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Janes |language=en |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930013842/https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/indian-army-approves-advanced-rocket-development |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Kalyan |title=New howitzers, firing ranges near the LAC for Army amidst China boundary dispute |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/new-howitzers-firing-ranges-near-the-lac-for-army-amidst-china-boundary-dispute-3209983 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Local 155mm ammunition, broader production vendor base: Army counters supply issues amid Russia-Ukraine war |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/155mm-ammunition-locally-buying-new-gun-systems-army-supply-chain-issues-russia-ukraine-war-9591276/#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17274409229046&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/155mm-ammunition-locally-buying-new-gun-systems-army-supply-chain-issues-russia-ukraine-war-9591276/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001131609/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/155mm-ammunition-locally-buying-new-gun-systems-army-supply-chain-issues-russia-ukraine-war-9591276/#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17274409229046&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/155mm-ammunition-locally-buying-new-gun-systems-army-supply-chain-issues-russia-ukraine-war-9591276/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of February 2025, the developmental trials for 120&nbsp;km-range rockets are expected to commence within few months.<ref name=":21">{{Cite news |date=2025-02-12 |title=DRDO expands Pinaka rocket system for naval & air force applications |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/drdo-expands-pinaka-rocket-system-for-naval-air-force-applications/articleshow/118155286.cms |access-date=2025-02-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The development process began in 2024, and the first test is scheduled for October 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Potlapalli |first=Saketha |date=14 February 2025 |title=Aero India 2025: DRDO develops new Pinaka rocket variant |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/aero-india-2025-drdo-develops-new-pinaka-rocket-variant |access-date=18 February 2025 |work=[[Janes Information Services]] |archive-date=19 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319162057/https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/aero-india-2025-drdo-develops-new-pinaka-rocket-variant |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Further development ===

==== Ramjet propulsion ====
A group of researchers led by Lieutenant General P.R. Shankar, a professor in the aerospace department at [[IIT Madras]] and the former Director General of Artillery for the Indian Army Combat and Combat Support Arms, are developing ramjet propulsion technology that will be incorporated into the Pinaka rockets. It is anticipated that the range of 210–214 mm rocket will increase at 225–250 km with the addition of ramjet propulsion, all the while preserving the operational flexibility of the system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Joy |date=21 November 2024 |title=Bad news for Pakistan, China as Pinaka rocket launched range to increase three times, the team working on it is from..., it’s not DRDO |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/bad-news-for-pakistan-china-as-pinaka-rocket-launched-range-to-increase-three-times-the-team-working-on-it-is-from-its-not-drdo-7408156/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shankar (retd) |first=Lt Gen P. R. |date=2022-09-26 |title=Ramjet technology can counter China's long-range missiles, beat Himalayan terrain limitation |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/ramjet-technology-can-counter-chinas-long-range-missiles-beat-himalayan-terrain-limitation/1143131/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Air Force and Navy variants ====
In February 2025, it was reported that DRDO has commenced development of Pinaka variant for naval and air force applications. The DRDO has already received the Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR) from the Navy. The naval variant with a range of 75&nbsp;km is to be flight tested in 2025 and will have underwater applications including submarine countermeasures. The Air Force also intends to operate surface-to-surface variants as a cost-effective alternative to [[Pralay (missile)|Pralay missile]] as well as an air-to-surface variant for integration on the [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage-2000]], [[HAL Tejas]] and the [[Su-30MKI]].<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-01 |title=DRDO Eyes to Adapt Pinaka Rockets with Air-Launched Capabilities, Potentially Revolutionizing A2G and A2A Combat for IAF |url=https://defence.in/threads/drdo-eyes-to-adapt-pinaka-rockets-with-air-launched-capabilities-potentially-revolutionizing-a2g-and-a2a-combat-for-iaf.13100/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=Defence News India |language=en-US |archive-date=1 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301105650/https://defence.in/threads/drdo-eyes-to-adapt-pinaka-rockets-with-air-launched-capabilities-potentially-revolutionizing-a2g-and-a2a-combat-for-iaf.13100/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Testing ==
{{Incomplete list|date=September 2024}}

[[File:Pinaka MBRL.webm|thumb|Pinaka MBRL firing]]

*The first tests of the rocket system ('''Pinaka Mk-I''') was conducted in late 1990,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-04 |title=Enhanced version of Pinaka Mk-1 missile successfully flight-tested |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-test-fires-pinaka-rocket-system-6946881/ |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215210144/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-test-fires-pinaka-rocket-system-6946881/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Explained: How India's lethal Pinaka weapon system is evolving |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/how-pinaka-weapon-system-is-evolving-1.9802428 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912020953/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/how-pinaka-weapon-system-is-evolving-1.9802428 |url-status=live }}</ref> around 1995.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2013-03-01 |title=Pinaka rockets test fired successfully from Odisha coast |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2013/Mar/01/pinaka-rockets-test-fired-successfully-from-odisha-coast-454616.html |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423194214/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2013/Mar/01/pinaka-rockets-test-fired-successfully-from-odisha-coast-454616.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*User trials of the '''Pinaka Mk-I''' was carried out from February to December in 1999. It also took part in the [[Kargil War]].<ref name=":0" />
* From 30 and 31 January 2013, at least three rounds of '''Pinaka Mk-II''' were successfully fired from the test range of [[Proof and Experimental Establishment]] (PXE) at [[Chandipur, Odisha|Chandipur]] for developmental trials. The tests were conducted by personnel of [[Armament Research and Development Establishment|Armament Research & Development Establishment]] (ARDE) between 11:00 am and 12:00 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Successful Test of Pinaka 214mm MBRL |url=http://asiandefencenewstoday.blogspot.com/2013/02/successfully-test-fired-for-indian-made.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113608/http://asiandefencenewstoday.blogspot.com/2013/02/successfully-test-fired-for-indian-made.html |archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref>
* On 28 July 2013, successful firing trials of '''Pinaka Mk-II''' were conducted in the Chandan area of [[Pokhran]] by DRDO and Army personnel. The rockets destroyed the targets in Keru area, 30 km from the point of launch.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-07-28 |title=Second generation Pinaka multi-rocket system successfully test fired in Pokhran |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/second-generation-pinaka-multi-rocket-system-successfully-test-fired-in-pokhran/articleshow/21411000.cms |access-date=2024-09-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427014254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/second-generation-pinaka-multi-rocket-system-successfully-test-fired-in-pokhran/articleshow/21411000.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 7 August 2013, tests for two rounds of '''Pinaka Mk-II''' fired from the test range of Proof and Experimental Establishment (PXE) at Chandipur failed to provide desired results.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2014-05-30 |title=Pinaka Mark-II Rocket Hits Target |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/May/30/pinaka-mark-ii-rocket-hits-target-619216.html |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
* On 20 December 2013, six rounds of '''Pinaka Mk-II''' were successfully fired from the test range of Proof and Experimental Establishment (PXE) at Chandipur for developmental trials. This test, conducted by ARDE personnel, was reportedly conducted post a ''failed'' attempt to test the same variant four months back in August.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12">{{cite news |date=21 December 2013 |title=Successful Test of Pinaka MK-II Rocket System |url=http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=2740 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110603/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=2740 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |access-date=22 December 2013 |newspaper=Defence News |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* On 30 May 2014, '''Pinaka Mk-II''' were successfully fired from the test range of PXE at Chandipur by ARDE. The rockets were launched at a range of 61&nbsp;km against its then maximum range of 65&nbsp;km.<ref name=":11" />
* From 20 to 23 May 2016, four rounds of the '''Pinaka Mk-II''' were successfully fired from the test range of [[Proof and Experimental Establishment]] (PXE) at Chandipur-on-sea for testing a new guidance system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advanced Pinaka with new technology test fired |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Advanced-Pinaka-with-new-technology-test-fired/2016/05/21/article3444037.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522172915/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Advanced-Pinaka-with-new-technology-test-fired/2016/05/21/article3444037.ece |archive-date=22 May 2016 |access-date=2016-05-23 |website=The New Indian Express |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pinaka rockets test fired |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Pinaka-rockets-test-fired/2016/05/24/article3448142.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525142608/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Pinaka-rockets-test-fired/2016/05/24/article3448142.ece |archive-date=25 May 2016 |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=The New Indian Express |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* On 12 January 2017 and 24 January 2017, two successful tests of the '''Pinaka Mk-II''' was conducted with range of 65&nbsp;km and 75&nbsp;km respectively from Launch Complex-III, [[Integrated Test Range]], [[Chandipur, Odisha|Chandipur]].<ref name="pib.nic.in2" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Guided Pinaka test fired successfully again - Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guided-pinaka-test-fired-successfully-again/articleshow/56759830.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124220437/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guided-pinaka-test-fired-successfully-again/articleshow/56759830.cms |archive-date=24 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-24 |newspaper=The Times of India |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Guided Pinaka rocket successfully test fired |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/guided-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/56759013.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124130410/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/guided-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/56759013.cms |archive-date=24 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-24 |newspaper=The Economic Times |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhat |first=Aditya |title=India tests new improved guided Pinaka rockets ahead of Republic Day 2017 |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/india-tests-new-improved-guided-pinaka-rockets-ahead-republic-day-2017-713469 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126073702/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/india-tests-new-improved-guided-pinaka-rockets-ahead-republic-day-2017-713469 |archive-date=26 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-24 |newspaper=International Business Times, India Edition |language=en |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* On 30 May 2018, two rounds of tests of the '''Pinaka Mk-II''' were successfully conducted from Launch Complex-III, ITR, Chandipur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-30 |title=Upgraded Pinaka rocket successfully test-fired, range now 70km |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/upgraded-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired-range-now-70km/story-3oo3H7g7CWImmbbP4B7fiM.html |access-date=2018-06-01 |work=hindustantimes.com/ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-30 |title=Upgraded Pinaka rocket successfully test-fired |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/upgraded-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/64383582.cms |access-date=2018-06-01 |work=The Economic Times |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506224533/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/upgraded-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/64383582.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Another round of tests was conducted successfully on 11 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2019 |title=Boost to Indian Army artillery capability! Pinaka guided weapons system successfully test fired |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/boost-to-indian-army-artillery-capability-pinaka-guided-weapons-system-successfully-test-fired/1512518/}}</ref>
* On 19 December 2019, '''Pinaka Mk-II''' version was tested at a range of 75&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-20 |title=Pinaka missile system successfully flight-tested for 2nd day |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pinaka-missile-system-successfully-flight-tested-for-2nd-day/articleshow/72902536.cms |access-date=2019-12-21 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=20 December 2019 |title=Successful flight test of two Pinaka missiles in salvo mode |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1597051 |access-date=1 September 2024 |work=[[Press Information Bureau|PIB]] |publisher=Ministry of Defence, Government of India |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130145418/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1597051 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 20 December 2019, two '''Pinaka Mk-II''' variant rockets were fired in salvo mode at an interval of 60 seconds at low range of 20&nbsp;km at 11:00 am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur. The proximity fuse initiation and accuracy at low ranges.<ref name=":8" /> The newer Pinaka Mk-II ER variant was reported to be flight tested at a range of up to 90&nbsp;km.<ref name="ANIDec20192" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=20 December 2019 |title=Pinaka Missile System With Extended 90-Km Range Successfully Testfired Off Odisha Coast |url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/india/news/pinaka-missile-system-with-extended-90-km-range-successfully-testfired-off-odisha-coast-248163.html |access-date=2021-06-27 |website=News Nation English |language=en}}</ref>
*On 19 August 2020, '''Pinaka Mk I Enhanced''' variant rockets, manufactured by Economic Explosives Ltd. of Solar Group, were tested successfully from Pokhran Range, Rajasthan. This was the first time in India that a munition of this kind was manufactured and tested by a private sector company. On 20 August 2020, trials for Pinaka Guided was carried out for the first time.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-22 |title=DRDO successfully test-fires Pinaka missile system at Pokhran |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/drdo-successfully-test-fires-pinaka-missile-system-at-pokhran/articleshow/77684236.cms |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006200251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/drdo-successfully-test-fires-pinaka-missile-system-at-pokhran/articleshow/77684236.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandra |first=Girish |date=2020-08-21 |title=First Rockets Produced By Private Sector Successfully Test Fired |url=https://www.defencexp.com/first-rockets-produced-by-private-sector-successfully-test-fired/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=DefenceXP - Indian Defence Network |language=en-US}}</ref>
* On 4 November 2020, a series of 6 '''Pinaka Mk I Enhanced''' variant rockets, manufactured by Economic Explosives Ltd. of Solar Group, were tested successfully from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur. The variant is expected to replace the older Mark I variant in production. This time DRDO has decreased the size of the rockets compared to the older generation Mark I.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Waje |first1=Hemant |date=4 November 2020 |title=DRDO successfully test-fires advanced Pinaka rockets |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/drdo-successfully-test-fires-advanced-pinaka-rockets/20201104.htm |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Rediff |agency=ANI |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105014703/https://www.rediff.com/news/report/drdo-successfully-test-fires-advanced-pinaka-rockets/20201104.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shishir |date=4 November 2020 |title=India test-fires long range Pinaka rocket system, will be deployed to counter China |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-enhanced-version-of-pinaka-rocket-system/story-waLts08Nqlq01cwHhACqjN.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Hindustan Times |agency= |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104130259/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-enhanced-version-of-pinaka-rocket-system/story-waLts08Nqlq01cwHhACqjN.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-04 |title=Enhanced version of PINAKA Rocket System successfully Flight Tested |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1670104 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
* On 24 June 2021, DRDO successfully fired 25 '''Pinaka Mk I Enhanced''' variant at a range of 45&nbsp;km in quick succession mode as part of saturation attack simulation. The rockets were manufactured by EEL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=2021-06-28 |title=India successfully test-fires Agni P, a new missile in Agni series |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-agni-p-a-new-missile-in-agni-series-101624863307818.html |access-date=2021-06-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628074214/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-agni-p-a-new-missile-in-agni-series-101624863307818.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 25 June 2021, DRDO successfully test fired 40&nbsp;km range '''122&nbsp;mm calibre rocket''' which are made to replace the older BM-21 Grad rockets in the Indian Army.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 25, 2021 |title=DRDO successfully test fires Enhanced Range 122mm Caliber Rocket |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1730350 |work=Press Information Bureau |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=26 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626042625/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1730350 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Meenakshi |date=2021-06-26 |title=India successfully test-fires Pinaka rockets, can destroy targets up to 45km |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-pinaka-rockets-can-destroy-targets-up-to-45km-101624664939787.html |access-date=2021-06-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627043322/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-pinaka-rockets-can-destroy-targets-up-to-45km-101624664939787.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* December 2021 trials: A total of 24 rockets of multiple variants were fired at Pokhran Range.<ref name=":01" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-11 |title=Successful tests carried out for Pinaka Extended Range System, Area Denial Munitions & New Indigenous Fuses |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1780412 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Sushant |date=2021-12-16 |title=Developed by two Pune-based facilities of DRDO, Pinaka-ER missile and ancillary systems tested successfully |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-drdo-pinaka-er-missile-ancillary-systems-tested-7675366/ |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824090419/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-drdo-pinaka-er-missile-ancillary-systems-tested-7675366/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** On 8 December 2021, '''Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced''' was successfully tested at a range of 45&nbsp;km. The variant was manufactured by Economic Explosives Ltd (EEL). The User Assisted Technical Trial (UATT) of Pinaka Mk-II produced by EEL was also completed the same day. Further user trials for Pinaka Mk-II variants produced by both EEL and YIL is to undergo user trials by March 2022.
** On 10 December 2021, '''Pinaka Area Denial Munition''' (ADM) variant, equipped with [[Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition]] (DPICM) was tested. The tests included the rockets manufactured by both Economic Explosives Ltd (EEL) and [[Yantra India Limited]] (YIL). While both the manufacturers claimed success of the trials, it was confirmed that for the YIL's variant 96.6% of the DPICM exploded surpassing benchmark set at 90%. During these tests, ARDE evaluated locally developed Direct-Action Self Destruction (DASD) and Anti-Tank Munition (ATM) fuses.
* In April 2022, a total of 24 '''Enhanced Pinaka Rocket System''' (EPRS) along with  Pinaka ADM were fired at Pokhran Range for different ranges. The rockets developed by [[Yantra India Limited]]-[[Munitions India Limited]] (YIL-MIL) were flight tested during the trials.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-09 |title=Pinaka Mk-I (Enhanced) Rocket System and Pinaka Area Denial Munition Rocket Systems successfully flight-tested by DRDO & Indian Army |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1815236 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]] |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628192829/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1815236 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Sushant |date=2022-04-10 |title=Enhanced Pinaka ready for user trials after tests in Pokhran |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/enhanced-pinaka-ready-for-user-trials-after-tests-in-pokhran-7861962/ |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824085453/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/enhanced-pinaka-ready-for-user-trials-after-tests-in-pokhran-7861962/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In the last two weeks of August 2022, user trials of '''Pinaka Enhanced''' were conducted from both Pokhran Range and Integrated Test Range, Balasore. Rockets developed by both the manufacturers MIL and EEL successfully passed the trials.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-29 |title=DRDO confirms successful trials of enhanced range Pinaka rockets in Pokhran, Balasore |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/drdo-confirms-successful-trials-of-enhanced-range-pinaka-rockets-in-pokhran-balasore20220829154405/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=[[Asian News International|ANI]] |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401041700/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/drdo-confirms-successful-trials-of-enhanced-range-pinaka-rockets-in-pokhran-balasore20220829154405/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Nisha |date=2022-08-24 |title=Watch: Indigenous Pinaka extended range rockets running through trials |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/watch-indigenous-pinaka-extended-range-rockets-running-through-trials-101661315929246.html |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824085453/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/watch-indigenous-pinaka-extended-range-rockets-running-through-trials-101661315929246.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1562280799747309569 |user=ANI |title=Trials of the Pinaka extended range rocket are going on in the Pokharan firing ranges in Rajasthan & multiple successful test firings have been carried out during these tests... |date=2022-08-24 |access-date=2024-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=Indian Army completes successful trial of indigenous Pinaka rockets |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-successful-trial-indigenous-pinaka-rockets-1994163-2022-08-29 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102212/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-successful-trial-indigenous-pinaka-rockets-1994163-2022-08-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 14 November 2024, DRDO completed the final Flight Tests of '''Guided Pinaka Weapon Systems''' as part of Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR) Validation Trials. The tests were conducted in three phases in field firing ranges. The three parameters of PSQR, which are ranging, accuracy, consistency and rate of fire to engage multiple targets in salvo mode was assessed during the trials. A total of 12 rockets from each production agencies, Economic Explosives Ltd. (EEL) and [[Munitions India]] Limited (MIL), were tested from two launchers that were upgraded by the launcher manufacturers, [[Tata Advanced Systems]] Limited (TASL) and [[Larsen & Toubro]] (L&T).<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=`DRDO successfully completes Flight Tests of Guided Pinaka Weapon System |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2073384 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]] |archive-date=14 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114145409/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2073384 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Pinaka System Tested As France, Armenia Line-Up To Buy Indian Rockets |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pinaka-mbrl-system-latest-pinaka-system-tested-as-france-armenia-line-up-to-buy-indian-rockets-7020634 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en |archive-date=14 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114184801/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pinaka-mbrl-system-latest-pinaka-system-tested-as-france-armenia-line-up-to-buy-indian-rockets-7020634 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Details ==
Pinaka is a complete MBRL system, each Pinaka battery consists of: six launcher vehicles, each with 12 rockets; six loader-replenishment vehicles; six replenishment vehicles; two Command Post vehicle (one stand by) with a Fire Control computer, and the DIGICORA MET radar ([[Weather radar|meteorological radar]], provides data on winds). A battery of six launchers can neutralise an area of 1,000 m × 800 m.<ref name="Subramanian">{{cite web |last=Subramanian |first=T |date=2009-10-15 |title=Bang on target |url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2621/stories/20091023262110900.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218102814/http://flonnet.com/fl2621/stories/20091023262110900.htm |archive-date=18 December 2010 |access-date=2011-05-29 |publisher=Frontline Magazine ([[The Hindu]]) |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

The Army generally deploys a battery that has a total of 72 rockets. All of the 72 rockets can be fired in 44 seconds, taking out an area of 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Each launcher can fire in a different direction too. The system has the flexibility to fire all the rockets in one go or only a few. This is made possible with a fire control computer. There is a command post linking together all the six launchers in a battery. Each launcher has an individual computer which enables it to function autonomously in case it gets separated from the other five vehicles in a war.<ref name="Subramanian"/>

=== Modes of operation ===
The launcher can operate in the following modes:

'''Autonomous mode.''' The launcher is fully controlled by a fire control computer (FCC). The microprocessor on the launcher automatically executes the commands received from the FCC, giving the operator the status of the system on displays and indicators.<ref name="IMO"/>

'''Stand-alone mode:''' In this mode, the launcher is not linked to the FCC operator, and the operator at the console enters all the commands for laying of the launcher system and selection of firing parameters.<ref name="IMO"/>

'''Remote mode:''' In this mode, a remote control unit carried outside the cabin up to a distance of about 200 m can be used to control the launcher system, the launcher site and to unload the fired rocket pods from the launcher.<ref name="IMO"/>

'''Manual mode:''' All launcher operations including laying of the system and firing are manually controlled. This mode is envisaged in the situations where the microprocessor fails or where there is no power to activate the microprocessor-based operator's console.<ref name="IMO"/>

The Pinaka was tested in the Kargil conflict and proved its effectiveness. Since then it has been inducted into the Indian Army and series production has been ordered. The Pinaka MBRL is stated to be cheaper than other systems. It costs {{INRConvert|2.3|c|lk=on}} per system compared to the M270 which costs {{INRConvert|19.5|c}}.

'''Salient features'''<ref name="IMO">[http://www.indian-military.org/army/artillery/multi-barrel-rocket-launcher/251-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher.html Pinaka MRLS at Indian-Military.org] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120802070106/http://www.indian-military.org/army/artillery/multi-barrel-rocket-launcher/251-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher.html |date=2 August 2012 }}</ref>

* Use of state-of-the-art technologies for improved combat performance
* Total operational time optimised for shoot & scoot capability
* Cabin pressurisation for crew protection in addition to blast shields
* Microprocessor-based fully automatic positioning and fire control console
* Night vision devices for driver and crew
* Neutralisation/destruction of the exposed troop concentrations, B-Class military land vehicles and other such soft targets
* Neutralisation of enemy guns/rocket locations
* Laying of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines at a short notice.

== Orders ==
The Pinaka project has been a significant success for the DRDO and its development partners in developing and delivering a state of the art, high value project to the Indian Army's demanding specifications. While DRDO was responsible for the overall design and development, its partners played a significant role in developing important subsystems and components. They include [[Tata Power SED]], [[Larsen & Toubro]], Solar Industries, [[Munitions India Limited]] and [[Yantra India Limited]]. As of August 2024, of the total Pinaka systems in service with the Army, Tata has delivered 40 launchers and 8 Command Posts. Another 36 launchers were also on order with the same firm.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher |url=https://www.tataadvancedsystems.com/pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Tata Advanced Systems |language=en}}</ref>

* On 29 March 2006, the Indian Army awarded [[Tata Power SED]] and [[Larsen & Toubro]]'s Heavy Engineering Division a contract worth {{INRConvert|200|c|year=2006}}, to produce 40 Pinaka MBRLs each for 2 regiments. Tata Power SED declared that it would be delivering the first units within six months.<ref>{{cite news |author= |author-link=Press Trust of India |date=April 3, 2006 |title=Tata, L&T bag orders for Pinaka rocket launcher |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/1662.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217004437/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/1662.html |archive-date=17 December 2007 |access-date=2007-11-15 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The deliveries were completed by 2010.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news |date=2024-11-15 |title=DRDO successfully completes flight tests of guided Pinaka rocket system |url=https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/drdo-successfully-completes-flight-tests-of-guided-pinaka-rocket-system-124111501404_1.html |access-date=2024-11-18 |work=Business Standard |archive-date=15 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241115131502/https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/drdo-successfully-completes-flight-tests-of-guided-pinaka-rocket-system-124111501404_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 29 October 2015, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by the Defence Minister of India, cleared purchase of two more Pinaka regiments at a cost of {{INRConvert|3300|c}}. On March 18, 2016, the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) cleared the purchase of two additional Pinaka regiments.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Big-boost-Army-to-get-ammo-worth-Rs-15000-cr/articleshow/51465947.cms|title=Big boost: Army to get ammo worth Rs 15,000 cr - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 March 2016 |access-date=2016-03-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319092855/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Big-boost-Army-to-get-ammo-worth-Rs-15000-cr/articleshow/51465947.cms|archive-date=19 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Katoch (Retd) |first=Lt. General P.C. |date=4 January 2020 |title=Upgraded Pinaka Rocket System |url=https://www.spslandforces.com/experts-speak/?id=594&h=Upgraded-Pinaka-Rocket-System |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=spslandforces.com |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627154547/https://www.spslandforces.com/experts-speak/?id=594&h=Upgraded-Pinaka-Rocket-System |url-status=live }}</ref> As a consequence, a deal worth {{INRConvert|200|c}} was signed with Tata Power SED for delivery of one regiment (20 launchers and 8 command posts).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-05 |title=Tata Power SED wins Rs 200 crore order from defence |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/tata-power-sed-wins-rs-200-crore-order-from-defence/articleshow/55815917.cms?from=mdr |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241118102207/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/tata-power-sed-wins-rs-200-crore-order-from-defence/articleshow/55815917.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2024-11-18 |access-date=2024-11-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The contract was signed with [[BEML]] (for vehicles), Tata Power SED and Larsen & Toubro (for launchers and command posts) and [[Ordnance Factory Board]] (rocket ammunition).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Vivek |date=2016-12-07 |title=India Orders Homemade Rocket Launchers Despite Its Faulty Ammo |url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2016/12/07/india-orders-homemade-rocket-launchers-despite-its-faulty-ammo/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> The entire order was placed in 2016 and all units have been delivered as of 2024.<ref name=":16" />
* In November 2016, the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|MoD]] has cleared a RFP for 6 additional regiments and was followed by Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) clearance in 2018.<ref name="ETDec2016">{{Cite news |title=Indian Army looking at increasing Pinaka rocket regiments to 22 within a decade |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-looking-at-increasing-pinaka-rocket-regiments-to-22-within-a-decade/articleshow/55852579.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209133821/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-looking-at-increasing-pinaka-rocket-regiments-to-22-within-a-decade/articleshow/55852579.cms |archive-date=9 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-09 |newspaper=The Economic Times |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2024-03-09 |title=Army to raise 2 Pinaka regiments |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Mar/09/army-to-raise-2-pinaka-regiments |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309131640/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Mar/09/army-to-raise-2-pinaka-regiments |url-status=live }}</ref> This led to the signing of a contract on 31 August 2020 for six additional regiments worth of launcher systems at {{INRConvert|2580|c|lk=on|year=2020}} from [[Tata Power|Tata Power Company Ltd.]] (TPCL) and Larsen & Toubro (L&T). Defence public sector undertaking [[BEML|Bharat Earth Movers Ltd]] (BEML) which will provide the vehicles will also be part of the project.<ref name="TheWire01092020">{{cite web |author=PTI |date=1 September 2020 |title=Defence Ministry Inks Rs 2,580-Crore Deal To Procure Pinaka Rocket Launchers |url=https://thewire.in/security/defence-ministry-inks-rs-2580-crore-deal-to-procure-pinaka-rocket-launchers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901074611/https://thewire.in/security/defence-ministry-inks-rs-2580-crore-deal-to-procure-pinaka-rocket-launchers |archive-date=1 September 2020 |access-date=1 September 2020 |work=TheWire.in}}</ref><ref name=":17" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Indian MoD orders six regiments' worth of Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launchers |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-mod-orders-six-regiments-worth-of-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launchers |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=Janes.com |date=September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527094533/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-mod-orders-six-regiments-worth-of-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launchers |url-status=live }}</ref> The contract will include "114 launchers with Automated Gun Aiming & Positioning System (AGAPS), 45 Command Posts to be procured from TPCL and L&T, and 330 Vehicles from BEML."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Som |first=Vishnu |date=31 August 2020 |title=Government Signs Rs 2,580 Crore Pact For Pinaka Rocket Launcher Systems |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/government-signs-rs-2-580-crore-pact-for-pinaka-rocket-launcher-systems-2288218 |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=NDTV |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215202436/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/government-signs-rs-2-580-crore-pact-for-pinaka-rocket-launcher-systems-2288218 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> This order included the procurement of Pinaka Mk-II variant of the MBRL.<ref name=":1" />
* On 13 December 2023, the Ministry of Defence cleared the acquisition of 6,400 Pinaka ADM Type 2 and Type 3 rockets at a cost of over {{INRConvert|2800|c|lk=on|year=2023}}. Two main contenders for the order are Economic Explosives Ltd. (EEL) and [[Munitions India]] Limited (MIL).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=2023-12-13 |title=Defence Ministry approves Rs 2800 crore rockets for Pinaka weapon system |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/defence-ministry-approves-rs-2800-crore-rockets-for-pinaka-weapon-system20231213195825/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=ANI |language=en}}</ref> 
* On 29 January 2025, an acquisition of Pinaka rocket ammunition was cleared by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS). The order is valued at {{INRConvert|10147|c|lk=off|year=2025}}.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cabinet okays Rs 10,200cr deals for Pinaka rocket systems ammo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ccs-clears-heavy-duty-ammo-worth-rs-10200-crore-for-pinaka-artillery-rocket-systems/articleshow/117701763.cms |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ThePrint |date=2025-01-29 |title=CCS approves Rs 10,000 cr Army Pinaka rocket deal; Solar industries, MIL to work on project |url=https://theprint.in/india/ccs-approves-rs-10000-cr-army-pinaka-rocket-deal-solar-industries-mil-to-work-on-project/2469013/?amp |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=29 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129165128/https://theprint.in/india/ccs-approves-rs-10000-cr-army-pinaka-rocket-deal-solar-industries-mil-to-work-on-project/2469013/?amp |url-status=live }}</ref> The order includes two contracts of different ammunition variants for the 10 Pinaka regiments on order.<ref name=":182">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-20 |title=Army pushes for desi Pinaka rockets, to ink Rs 10,200 crore deals within this fiscal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-pushes-for-desi-pinaka-rockets-to-ink-rs-10200-crore-deals-within-this-fiscal/articleshow/117381351.cms |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The contract was finally signed on 6 February 2025.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Defence Ministry Signs Over Rs 10,000 Crore Deal For Pinaka Rocket System |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-ministry-signs-over-rs-10-000-crore-deal-for-pinaka-rocket-system-7650280 |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en |archive-date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208004254/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-ministry-signs-over-rs-10-000-crore-deal-for-pinaka-rocket-system-7650280 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-06 |title=Ministry of Defence signs contracts worth Rs 10,147 Crore to enhance Indian Army’s firepower with PINAKA System |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/ministry-of-defence-signs-contracts-worth-rs-10147-crore-to-enhance-indian-armys-firepower-with-pinaka-system-3739940/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Smruti |date=2025-02-06 |title=MoD inks contracts totalling Rs 10,147 cr for two types of ammo for Pinaka rocket launchers |url=https://theprint.in/defence/mod-inks-contracts-totalling-rs-10147-cr-for-two-types-of-ammo-for-pinaka-rocket-launchers/2482719/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
** A contract was signed with Economic Explosives Ltd. (EEL) at a cost of {{INRConvert|4500|c|lk=off|year=2025}} for the procurement of Area Denial Munition Type 1 (DPICM) with a range of 37km.
** Another contract was signed with Munitions India Limited (MIL) at a cost of {{INRConvert|5700|c|lk=off|year=2025}} for the procurement of High Explosive Pre Fragmented Mk-1 (Enhanced) rockets [HEPF Mk-1 (E)] with a range of 45km.

== Service history ==

=== India ===
[[File:DRDO's enhanced PINAKA rocket tested on November 4, 2020 (1).jpg|thumb|Pinaka Mk 1 Enhanced rocket, during testing on 4 November 2020.]]
Each Pinaka regiment consists of three batteries of six Pinaka launchers (total of 18 launchers); each of which is capable of launching 12 rockets with a range of 40+&nbsp;km in a space of 44 seconds. In addition to these, a regiment also has support vehicles, a radar and a command post.<ref name="ETDec2016"/>

The Pinaka will operate in conjunction with the Indian Army's [[AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar|Firefinder radars]] and [[Swathi Weapon Locating Radar]]. The Indian Army is networking all its artillery units together with the DRDO's Artillery Command & Control System (ACCS), which acts as a force multiplier and is in series production. The Pinaka units also uses of the Indian Army's SATA ([[Surveillance and target acquisition|Surveillance & Target Acquisition]]) Units which have been equipped with the [[IAI Searcher|Searcher-1]], [[IAI Searcher|Searcher-2]] and [[IAI Heron]] UAVs since late 1990s as well as the Israeli [[Long-Range Reconnaissance and Observation System]] (LORROS) and Indian [[BEL Battle Field Surveillance Radar|Battle Field Surveillance radars]] (BFSR) of the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.nic.in|title=Ministry of Defence Government of India|access-date=23 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829230458/http://www.mod.nic.in/|archive-date=29 August 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

A section of two launchers were deployed in June of 1999 during the [[Kargil War]] under the 121 Rocket Regiment.<ref name=":0" />

In February 2000, the first Pinaka regiment was raised.<ref name="pinaka tested">{{cite web |title=Defense19 |url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3961 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223202710/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3961 |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=23 December 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The first two regiments of Pinaka were inducted by 2010. As of 2016, the Indian Army had plans to operate 10 regiments by 2022 and further increase the numbers to 22 regiments within 2032. The Pinaka system will replace the older [[BM-21 Grad|Grad MLRS]] regiments are being retired.<ref name="ETDec2016" />

As of November 2024, 4 regiments of Pinaka have been inducted by the Army.<ref name=":16" /> More than 72 launcher units are active. 6 more regiments were ordered in 2020.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Further boost to 'Make in India'; MoD signs contracts worth Rs 2580 Cr with Indian Companies for supply of Pinaka Regiments to Indian Army |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1650038 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Press Information Bureau |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627151959/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1650038 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was reported in March 2024, that the Army plans to raise 2 more Pinaka regiments by the end of year along [[Line of Actual Control]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2024-03-09 |title=Army to raise 2 Pinaka regiments |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Mar/09/army-to-raise-2-pinaka-regiments |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title=Strengthening Artillery Power: India's Pinaka Rocket System Expansion |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-strengthening-artillery-power-indias-pinaka-rocket-system-expansion-3420021/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309131642/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-strengthening-artillery-power-indias-pinaka-rocket-system-expansion-3420021/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Amid [[2025 India–Pakistan standoff]], firing practices of Pinaka MBRL was conducted in the [[Pokhran#Pokhran Test Range|Pokhran Field Firing Range]] (PFFR) early in the month of May. Further practices were to be conducted "in a few week's time".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-05 |title=Indian Army practises long-range Pinaka missile firing in Pokhran |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/indian-army-practises-long-range-pinaka-missile-firing-in-pokhran-13885688.html |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505154030/https://www.firstpost.com/india/indian-army-practises-long-range-pinaka-missile-firing-in-pokhran-13885688.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pinaka, [[Pralay (missile)|Pralay]], [[Nirbhay]] and [[BrahMos]] will become part of the [[Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands#Integrated Rocket Force|Integrated Rocket Force]] (IRF), a separate entity from [[Strategic Forces Command]] (SFC).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-17 |title=Will India finally have a dedicated rocket force? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/will-india-finally-have-a-dedicated-rocket-force/articleshow/100291322.cms |access-date=2023-11-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bommakanti |first=Kartik |date=27 May 2023 |title=Integrated rocket force: Imperfect but a step in the right direction |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/integrated-rocket-force/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=Observer Research Foundation |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114175156/https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/integrated-rocket-force/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Armenia ===
[[Armenia]] signed a combined deal worth {{INRConvert|2000|c|0|year=2022}} for 4 Pinaka batteries and other defense equipment. The order includes supplies of extended range and guided rocket for Pinaka system in the future. The order has been supplied in July 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/arming-armenia-india-to-export-missiles-rockets-and-ammunition/articleshow/94518414.cms|title=Arming Armenia: India to export missiles, rockets and ammunition|last=Pubby|first=Manu|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=2022-09-29|archive-date=29 September 2022|access-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929033855/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/arming-armenia-india-to-export-missiles-rockets-and-ammunition/articleshow/94518414.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="et-290922"/> The deliveries were concluded by November 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=India starts exporting Pinaka weapon systems to Armenia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-starts-exporting-pinaka-weapon-systems-to-armenia/articleshow/115628185.cms |access-date=2024-11-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124191354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-starts-exporting-pinaka-weapon-systems-to-armenia/amp_articleshow/115628185.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Armenia has received three Pinaka variants, including the guided Pinaka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arya |first=Shishir |date=2023-04-21 |title=Nagpur’s Nagastra beats global munition biggies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpurs-nagastra-beats-global-munition-biggies/articleshow/99654468.cms |access-date=2025-05-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Potential operators ===
As of October 2022, [[Indonesia]] and [[Nigeria]] have also shown interest in Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=Armenia to get Pinaka rockets, Nigeria, Indonesia too shown interest: Defence firm Solar Industries |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/armenia-to-get-pinaka-rockets-nigeria-indonesia-too-shown-interest-defence-firm-solar-industries20221018190911/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Asian News International|ANI]] |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020042425/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/armenia-to-get-pinaka-rockets-nigeria-indonesia-too-shown-interest-defence-firm-solar-industries20221018190911/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=DefExpo 2022: India to export Pinaka rocket launcher to Armenia; Nigeria, Indonesia show interest |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/defexpo-2022-india-to-export-pinaka-rocket-launcher-to-armenia-nigeria-indonesia-show-interest-11472521.html |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020042600/https://www.firstpost.com/india/defexpo-2022-india-to-export-pinaka-rocket-launcher-to-armenia-nigeria-indonesia-show-interest-11472521.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of June 2024, some Southeast Asian and European nations has also shown interest to acquire Pinaka MBRL and [[DRDO AEW&CS|Netra AEW&C]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-19 |title=Made in India Netra, Pinaka Systems attract European, Southeast Asian interest |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/europe/made-in-india-netra-pinaka-systems-attract-european-southeast-asian-interest20240619200642/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=[[Asian News International|ANI News]]}}</ref>

On 9 November 2024, [[Brigadier general (France)|Brigadier General]] Stephane Richou confirmed to [[Asian News International]] about the [[French Army]] evaluating Pinaka MBRL system for their requirement. This was mentioned during the visit of the high-ranking official who said that that "two countries share much more than just a business relationship and want to cooperate more".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-11-09 |title=France evaluating Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher system for its requirements: Top French Army officer |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/france-evaluating-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-system-for-its-requirements-top-french-army-officer20241109133301/-army-officer/videoshow/115116732.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=[[Asian News International]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-11-09 |title=France evaluating Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher system for its requirements: Top French Army officer |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/france-evaluating-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-system-for-its-requirements-top-french-army-officer/videoshow/115116732.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=The Economic Times |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109140528/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/france-evaluating-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-system-for-its-requirements-top-french-army-officer/videoshow/115116732.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Specifications ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 
! Pinaka Mk-I
!Pinaka ADM
!Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
!Pinaka Mk-II
!Guided Pinaka
!Pinaka Mk-II ER
!ERR 122
!Pinaka Mk-III
!Pinaka Mk-III ER/ Mk-IV
|-
| '''Range'''
| colspan="2" | {{cvt|37.5|km}}
|{{cvt|45|km}}
|{{cvt|60|km}}
|{{cvt|75|km}}
|{{cvt|90|km}}
|{{cvt|40|km}}
|{{cvt|120|km}}
|{{cvt|200-300|km}}
|-
|'''Length'''
| colspan="2" | {{cvt|4.88|m}}
|{{cvt|4.72|m}}
| colspan="2" |{{cvt|5.17|m}}
|
|{{cvt|2.91|m}}
|{{cvt|7.2|m}}
| rowspan="14" |Unknown
|-
|'''Rocket Diameter'''
| colspan="6" |{{cvt|214|mm}}
|{{cvt|122|mm}}
|{{cvt|214|mm}}
|-
|'''Warhead weight'''
| colspan="4" |{{cvt|100|kg}}
|{{cvt|100|kg}} + additional {{cvt|15|kg}} for guidance, navigation and control kit
| rowspan="10" |Unknown
|{{cvt|21|kg}}
|{{cvt|250|kg}}
|-
|'''Rocket Weight'''
| colspan="2" |{{cvt|277.4|kg}}
|{{cvt|280|kg}}
| colspan="2" |{{cvt|325|kg}}
|{{cvt|66.5|kg}}
| rowspan="11" |Unknown
|-
|'''Propellant Weight'''
| colspan="2" |{{cvt|100|kg}}
|{{cvt|111|kg}}
| colspan="2" |{{cvt|131.5|kg}}
|{{cvt|26.8|kg}}
|-
|'''Rate of fire'''
| colspan="5" | Approximately 44 seconds.
|40 rockets in 20 seconds
|-
|'''Accuracy'''
| colspan="4" |≤ 1.5% range 
|≤ 60m and <30m ([[Circular error probable|CEP]]) with Trajectory Correction System 
|≤ 1.5% range 
|-
|'''Salvo reload time'''
| colspan="5" | 4 minutes.
|Unknown
|-
|'''Warheads'''
|[[Fragmentation (weaponry)|PF]], RHE
|[[Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition|DPICM]]
| colspan="3" |[[Fragmentation (weaponry)|PF]], RHE
|HEPF, RHE
|-
|'''Detonation mechanism'''
| colspan="5" |[[Contact fuze|Contact]] + [[Artillery_fuze#Delay_fuzes|Delay]], [[Artillery_fuze#Electronic_time_fuzes|Electronic time]] and [[Proximity fuze]]
|Contact and Proximity fuze
|-
|'''Guidance''' 
| colspan="3" |Free flight
|
|[[Inertial navigation system|INS]] + [[Satellite navigation|SATNAV]]
|Free flight
|-
|'''Flight stabilization''' 
| colspan="2" |4 curved wrapped around fins 
| colspan="2" |6 flat wrapped around fins
|6 flat wrapped around fins (without fin cant)
|4 curved wrapped around fins 
|-
|'''Launching pod'''
| colspan="6" |2 detachable pods, each carrying 6 rockets 
|Fixed cluster of 40 rockets
|-
|'''Launcher''' 
| colspan="6" |
* Based on a Kolos [[Tatra (car)|Tatra]] truck for high mobility licence produced in India by [[BEML]].
* The truck features a central type regulation system; the driver can adjust the tyre pressure to suit the terrain for optimum mobility.
* Six launchers per battery.
* Launchers are [[Nuclear, biological and chemical|NBC]] protected, have their own computerized [[fire control system]], and automatic positioning system.
* Designed for shoot and scoot fire missions by using [[inertial navigation system]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-systems-from-sagem-defense-securite | title = India orders SIGMA 95 and SIGMA 30 systems from Sagem Défense Sécurité | access-date = 2008-05-23 | date = 2008-02-22 | publisher = Frontier India Defence and Strategic News Service | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081121062252/http://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-systems-from-sagem-defense-securite | archive-date = 21 November 2008 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
* A battery (six launchers) can neutralize an area of roughly 1,000 × 800 m at 40&nbsp;km range.
* The launcher assembly has electro-magnetic elevation and traverse, with traverse being 90° left and right of the centreline and elevation up to 55°.
|Upgraded [[BM-21 Grad]] by [[Larsen & Toubro]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=KK|first=Sruthijith|date=6 April 2013|title=Ashok Leyland-L&T consortium emerges lowest bidder for Rs 100-cr contract|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/army-trucks-ashok-leyland-lt-consortium-emerges-lowest-bidder-for-rs-100-cr-contract/articleshow/19407966.cms|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=20 September 2018|title=Subhash Bhamre flags off Larsen & Toubro's defence systems|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/subhash-bhamre-flags-off-larsen-toubros-defence-systems/articleshow/65882553.cms|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref> Based on [[Ashok Leyland Stallion|Ashok Leyland Super Stallion]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian army Grad BM21 upgrade The vehicle platform for Grad BM21 Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) is an all-wheel drive, high mobility platform built for the Grad BM21 launcher... |url=https://www.facebook.com/NextGenerationWeapons/photos/indian-army-grad-bm21-upgradethe-vehicle-platform-for-grad-bm21-multi-barrel-roc/2900866403282173/?_rdr |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1307552618424807426 |user=strategicfront |title=IA's upgraded BM-21 Grad on an Ashok Leyland Super Stallion truck. The older Russian truck(Pic4) was replaced... |date=2020-09-20 |access-date=2024-08-27}}</ref>
|-
|'''Status''' (as of February 2025)
|Inducted; mass production.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dominguez |first1=Gabriel |date=4 November 2020 |title=India tests enhanced version of rocket used by Pinaka MRL |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/india-tests-enhanced-version-of-rocket-used-by-pinaka-mrl/ |access-date=4 November 2020 |website=Janes}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |Order placed for production.<ref name=":20" />
|Under trials.<ref name=":8" />
|Validation Trials completed.<ref name=":15" />
|Under trials.<ref name=":7" /><ref name="ANIDec20192" />
|Under trials.
|Under development.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi |first=Manjeet |date=17 January 2024 |title=India planning to develop 120 km, 200 km rockets for Pinaka system |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-drdo-rockets-pinaka-system-capable-hitting-enemy-targets-at-200-km-distance-2489821-2024-01-17 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|Under development.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2024 |title=India developing hypersonic missiles; Army looking to induct long-range rockets, loitering munitions, Pralay, Nirbhay missiles: Top official |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-developing-hypersonic-missiles-army-looking-to-induct-long-range-rockets-loitering-munitions-pralay-nirbhay-missiles-top-official20240927190725/ |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=ANI |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930200121/https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-developing-hypersonic-missiles-army-looking-to-induct-long-range-rockets-loitering-munitions-pralay-nirbhay-missiles-top-official20240927190725/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Operators==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
[[File:Swathi weapon location radar operators.png|thumb|300px|Map of Pinaka MBRL operators in blue]]

* '''{{IND}}'''
** {{Army|IND}} – 4 regiments (72+ launchers) of Pinaka Mk-I in service as of 2025.<ref name=":18">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-20 |title=Army pushes for desi Pinaka rockets, to ink Rs 10,200 crore deals within this fiscal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-pushes-for-desi-pinaka-rockets-to-ink-rs-10200-crore-deals-within-this-fiscal/articleshow/117381351.cms |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=20 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120021718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-pushes-for-desi-pinaka-rockets-to-ink-rs-10200-crore-deals-within-this-fiscal/articleshow/117381351.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> 6 Pinaka Mk-II regiments on order.<ref name="TheWire01092020" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /> Total 22 regiments of MK-I & MK-II are planned.<ref>{{Cite news |title=pinaka: First Pinaka export: Private companies to lead from front |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/first-pinaka-export-private-companies-to-lead-from-front/articleshow/94542885.cms |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |date=29 September 2022 |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930080536/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/first-pinaka-export-private-companies-to-lead-from-front/articleshow/94542885.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

* '''{{ARM}}'''
** {{Army|ARM}} – 4 batteries ordered in September 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armenianweekly.com/2023/08/09/the-geopolitical-implications-of-indias-arms-sale-to-armenia/ | title=The Geopolitical Implications of India's Arms Sale to Armenia | date=9 August 2023 }}</ref> Delivered in July 2023.<ref name="et-290922">{{Cite web |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=27 July 2023 |title=Pinaka reached Armenia via Iran. |website=[[ThePrint]] |url=https://theprint.in/defence/azerbaijan-protests-after-reports-suggesting-indian-made-weapons-entered-armenia-through-iran/1689155/ |access-date=22 September 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928171021/https://theprint.in/defence/azerbaijan-protests-after-reports-suggesting-indian-made-weapons-entered-armenia-through-iran/1689155/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=24 November 2024 |title=India starts exporting Pinaka weapon systems to Armenia |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-starts-exporting-pinaka-weapon-systems-to-armenia20241124182633/ |access-date=25 November 2024 |work=ANI |archive-date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124172631/https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-starts-exporting-pinaka-weapon-systems-to-armenia20241124182633/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Potential Operators===
* '''{{IND}}'''
** {{Air force|India}}
** {{Naval|India}}
* '''{{FRA}}'''
** {{Army|FRA}}: Under evaluation trials as of November 2024.<ref name=":14" />
== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Rocketry}} 
* {{lwc|Astros II}} 
* {{lwc|BM-21 Grad}}
* {{lwc|BM-27 Uragan}}
* {{lwc|T-122 Sakarya}}
* {{lwc|Fajr-5}}
* {{lwc|TOROS artillery rocket system|TOROS}}
* {{lwc|Falaq-2}} 
* {{lwc|M142 HIMARS}} 
* {{lwc|M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System}}
* {{lwc|TOS-1}}
* {{lwc|Weishi rockets}}
* {{lwc|Tornado (multiple rocket launcher)#9A52-4 Tornado|9A52-4 Tornado}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
'''Technical:'''
* [https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets]
* [https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_Dec_2019_Web.pdf DRDO Technology Focus : Artillery Rocket Systems]

*{{Commons category-inline|Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher}}

{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}

[[Category:Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers]]
[[Category:Indian Army]]
[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
[[Category:Military vehicles of India]]
[[Category:Artillery of India]]
[[Category:Multiple rocket launchers]]
[[Category:Modular rocket launchers]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s]]