View source for Old Babylonian Empire

{{Short description|2nd millennium BCE empire in Babylonia}}
{{Contains special characters|cuneiform}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Old Babylonian Empire
| common_name       = Old Babylonian Empire
| era               = [[Bronze Age]]
| government_type   = [[Monarchy]]
| year_start        = {{circa|1894 BC}}
| year_end          = {{circa|1595 BC}}
| life_span         = {{circa|1894 BC|1595 BC}}
| event1            = [[Sack of Babylon]]
| date_event1       = {{circa|1595 BC}}
| p1                = Isin-Larsa period
| s1                = Kassite dynasty
| s2                = First Sealand dynasty
| image_map         = Babylone 1.PNG
| image_map_caption = The extent of the Old Babylonian Empire at the start and end of [[Hammurabi]] of [[Babylon]]'s reign, {{circa|1792}} BC – {{circa|1750}} BC
| capital           = [[Babylon]]
| common_languages  = [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] (official), [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] (literary), [[Amorite]]
| religion          = [[Babylonian religion]]
| leader1           = [[Sumu-abum]] (first)
| leader2           = [[Hammurabi]] 
| leader3           = [[Samsu-Ditana]] (last)
| year_leader1      = {{circa|1894–1881}} BC
| year_leader2      = {{circa|1792–1750}} BC
| year_leader3      = {{circa|1626–1595}} BC
| title_leader      = [[List of kings of Babylon|King]]
| today             = [[Iraq]]<br />[[Syria]]
| demonym           = 
| area_km2          = 
| area_rank = 
| GDP_PPP           = 
| GDP_PPP_year = 
| HDI               = 
| HDI_year = 
}}
{{Location map+|Iraq|width=260|relief=yes|float=right|caption=A map of [[Iraq]] showing important sites that were occupied by the First Babylonian Dynasty (clickable map)|places=
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=32.536389|long=44.420833|position=left|label_size=75|label=[[Babylon]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=30.815833|long=45.996111|position=bottom|label_size=75|label=[[Eridu]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=31.885|long=45.268611|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Isin]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=32.540278|long=44.604722|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=31.411389|long=46.407222|position=top|label_size=75|label=[[Lagash]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=31.285833|long=45.853611|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Larsa]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=34.549444|long=40.89|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Mari, Syria|Mari]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=32.126444|long=45.233381|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Nippur]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=33.058829|long=44.252153|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Sippar]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=35.9575|long=39.0475|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Tuttul]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=30.9625|long=46.103056|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Ur]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=31.322222|long=45.636111|position=left|label_size=75|label=[[Uruk]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=36.957222|long=41.505278|position=left|label_size=75|label=[[Tell Leilan]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=36.366728|long=41.721839|position=left|label_size=75|label=[[Kurda]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=36.359444|long=43.152778|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Nineveh]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=36.257086|long=42.449336|position=bottom|label_size=75|label=[[Tell al-Rimah]]}}
{{Location map~|Iraq|lat=35.456667|long=43.2625|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Ekallatum]]}}
}}
The '''Old Babylonian Empire''', or '''First Babylonian Empire''', is dated to {{circa|1894–1595 BC}}, and comes after the end of [[Sumer]]ian power with the destruction of the [[Third Dynasty of Ur]], and the subsequent [[Isin-Larsa period]]. The [[Chronology of the Ancient Near East|chronology]] of the first dynasty of [[Babylonia]] is debated; there is a Babylonian King List A<ref>BM 33332.</ref> and also a Babylonian King List B, with generally longer regnal lengths.<ref>BM 38122.</ref> In this chronology, the regnal years of List A are used due to their wide usage.

==Hardship of searching for origins of the First Dynasty==

The origins of the First Babylonian dynasty are hard to pinpoint because Babylon itself yields few archaeological materials intact due to a high [[water table]]. The evidence that survived throughout the years includes written records such as royal and votive inscriptions, literary texts, and lists of year-names. The minimal amount of evidence in economic and legal documents makes it difficult to illustrate the economic and social history of the First Babylonian Dynasty, but with historical events portrayed in literature and the existence of year-name lists, it is possible to establish a chronology.<ref>{{cite book |last= Seri |first= Andrea |title= Local Power of Old Babylonian Mesopotamia |date= 2012 |pages= 12–13}}</ref>

==First kings of the dynasty==
[[File:Babylonian tablet of Hammurabi.jpg|thumb|upright|Tablet of [[Hammurabi]] ({{lang|akk-x-oldbabyl|{{cuneiform|12|𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉}}}}, 4th line from the top), King of Babylon. British Museum.<ref>{{cite book |title=Cuneiform Tablets in the British Museum |date=1905 |publisher=British Museum |pages=Plates 44 and 45 |url=http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/17083.pdf |access-date=2020-03-04 |archive-date=2021-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129221205/http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/17083.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Budge |first1=E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis) |last2=King |first2=L. W. (Leonard William) |title=A guide to the Babylonian and Assyrian antiquities |date=1908 |publisher=London : Printed by the order of the Trustees |page=147 |url=https://archive.org/details/babylonianassyri00britiala/page/n198/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>For full transcription: {{cite web |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P365475 |website=cdli.ucla.edu |access-date=2020-03-04 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731153454/https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P365475 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

With little evidence on hand, there is not much known about the reigns of the kings from [[Sumuabum]] through [[Sin-muballit]] — other than the fact they were [[Amorites]] rather than [[Akkadians]]. What is known, however, is that they did not add much to the size of the territory. When the Amorite king Hammurabi came into power, his military victories were successful in gaining more land for the Empire. However, Babylon was just one of the several important powers among [[Isin]] and [[Larsa]].{{cn|date=May 2025}}

The accomplishments of the first known king of the Dynasty, [[Sumuabum]], include his efforts in expanding Babylonian territory by conquering [[Dilbat]] and [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=King|first1=Leonard William|title=A History of Babylon|date=1969}}</ref> His successor, Sumualailum, was able to complete the wall around Babylon that Sumuabum had begun constructing. Sumualailum was also able to defeat rebellions in Kish and became successful in the destruction of Kazallu, and even had brief control over Nippur (though it did not last).<ref>{{cite book|last1=King|first1=Leonard William|title=A History of Babylon|date=1969}}</ref>

There is little information available about the reigns of [[Sabium]], [[Apil-Sin]] and Sin-muballit, other than that they continued ruling the conquered territory, as well as strengthening the walls and began building canals. However, Sin-muballit is known for his successful defeats of Rim-Sin I, which protected Babylon from further invasion.<ref>{{cite book|last1=King|first1=Leonard William|title=A History of Babylon|date=1969}}</ref> Sin-muballit would then pass on the role of king to his son, [[Hammurabi]].{{cn|date=May 2025}}

==King Hammurabi==
{{Main|Hammurabi}}
{{See also|Code of Hammurabi}}
[[File:F0182 Louvre Code Hammourabi Bas-relief Sb8 rwk.jpg|thumb|270px|Hammurabi (standing), depicted as receiving his royal insignia from [[Shamash]] (or possibly [[Marduk]]). Hammurabi holds his hands over his mouth as a sign of prayer<ref>{{citation|last=Roux|first=Georges|title=Ancient Iraq|date=27 August 1992|page=266|chapter=The Time of Confusion|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klZX8B_RzzYC&pg=PA266|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=9780141938257|author-link=Georges Roŭ}}</ref> (relief on the upper part of the stele of [[code of Hammurabi|Hammurabi's code of laws]]).]]
{{multiple image
| title=Code of Hammurabi
| image1 = Prologue Hammurabi Code Louvre AO10237.jpg
| total_width = 280
| caption1 = The code on clay tablets
| image2 = P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG
| caption2 = The code on a diorite stele
| footer = Two versions of the [[Code of Hammurabi]] at the [[Louvre]]
| direction = 
}}
[[Hammurabi]] is also at times referred to as "Hammurapi" in ancient texts, including multiple primary-source Babylonian letters. This is a common phenomenon in Amorite names. (Another Amorite of the era, "Dipilirabi", is also known as "Dipilirapi".).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Luckenbill|first1=D.D|title=The Name Hammurabi|date=1984|pages=253}}</ref>

The [[Code of Hammurabi]] — one of the oldest written laws in history, and one of the most famous ancient texts from the Near East, and among the best known artifacts of the ancient world — is from the first Babylonian dynasty. The code is written in cuneiform on a 2.25 meter (7 foot 4½ inch) diorite stele. At the top, it portrays the Babylonian king receiving his kingship from the sun god [[Shamash]]; on the bottom is the collection of written laws. The text itself explains how Hammurabi came to power and created a set of laws to ensure justice throughout his territory — emphasizing that these are the divine roles that were given to him.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Coogan|first1=Michael D.|title=Ancient Near Eastern Texts|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=87–90}}</ref>

Before presenting the laws written in the Code, Hammurabi states, "When the god Marduk commanded me to provide just ways for the people of the land (in order to attain) appropriate behavior, I established truth and justice as the declaration of the land, I enhanced the well-being of the people." It then goes on to detail the laws of just punishment for crimes and provide rules for his people to abide by.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Coogan|first1=Michael D.|title=Ancient Near Eastern Texts|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=87–90}}</ref>

King Hammurabi ruled Babylon from 1792 to 1750 BC. When he first came to power, the empire only consisted of a few towns in the area near Babylon: [[Dilbat]], [[Sippar]], [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]], and [[Borsippa]]. By 1762 BC, Hammurabi managed to succeed in capturing the formidable power of [[Eshnunna]], inheriting its well-established trade routes and the economic stability that came along with them. It was not long before Hammurabi's armies took [[Assyria]] and parts of the [[Zagros Mountains]]. Eventually in 1761 BC, Babylon gained control over [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], making up virtually all the territory of [[Mesopotamia]] that had been under the [[Third Dynasty of Ur]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Podany|first1=Amanda H.|title=Brotherhood of Kings|date=2010|pages=65}}</ref>

During Hammurabi's thirtieth year as king, he conquered [[Larsa]] from [[Rim-Sin I]], thus, gaining control over the lucrative urban centers of [[Nippur]], [[Ur]], [[Uruk]], and [[Isin]]. Hammurabi was one of the most notable kings of the first Babylonian dynasty because of his success in gaining control over Southern Mesopotamia and establishing Babylon as the center of his Empire. Babylon would then come to dominate Mesopotamia for over a thousand years.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Podany|first1=Amanda H.|title=Brotherhood of Kings|date=2010|pages=65}}</ref>

Zimri-Lim, king of the nearby polity of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], plays a significant role for modern historians. He contributed immense amounts of historical writing that describe the history and diplomacy of the first Babylonian dynasty during Hammurabi's reign. The archives of Hammurabi at the site of Babylon cannot be recovered, since its remains are under the local water table, and have practically turned to mud.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Klengel-Brandt|first1=Evelyn|title=Babylon}}</ref> But Zimri-Lim's palace at Mari held an archive that included letters and other texts that provide insight into the alliance between the king and Hammurabi, as well as other leaders in the Syro-Mesopotamian region. These documents survived because Hammurabi had burned the palace down — which buried the material, thus preserving it.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Podany|first1=Amanda H.|title=Brotherhood of Kings|date=2010|pages=70}}</ref> War was a common occurrence for the kingdoms in Syria and Mesopotamia, so the majority of the documents from that era were in regard to military affairs. The documents included letters written by the messengers of the kings, discussing conflicts, divine oaths, agreements, and treaties between the powers.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Podany|first1=Amanda H.|title=Brotherhood of Kings|date=2010|pages=72}}</ref>

==Hammurabi's successors==
{{main|Kassites|First Sealand dynasty}}
There is also little that is known about the kings who succeeded Hammurabi. The kings from [[Samsuiluna]] to [[Samsuditana]] have very few records of the occurrences during their reigns. However, we do know that Samsuiluna was successful in beating [[Rim-Sîn II]], but nevertheless lost major parts of Babylon's conquered land — only having real authority over the core of the Babylonian territory left from Hammurabi's reign. The kings who succeeded Samsuiluna would face similar turmoil.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moorey|first1=P.R.S|title=Ancient Near Eastern Cylinder Seals|date=1978}}</ref>

The first Babylonian dynasty eventually came to an end as the Empire lost territory and money, and faced great degradation. The attacks from [[Hittites]] who were trying to expand outside of [[Anatolia]] eventually led to the destruction of [[Babylon]]. The [[Kassite]] Period then followed the First Babylonian Dynasty, ruling from 1570 to 1154 BC.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Coogan|first1=Micheal D.|title=Ancient Near Eastern Texts|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=87–90}}</ref> By the time of Babylon's fall the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with Babylon's interests and sometimes against.<ref>van Koppen, Frans. "The Old to Middle Babylonian Transition: History and Chronology of the Mesopotamian Dark Age." Ägypten Und Levante / Egypt and the Levant, vol. 20, 2010, pp. 453–63</ref>

==The sun and astronomy in Babylonian history==
[[File:Cylinder seal,ca. 18th–17th century B.C. Babylonian.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Cylinder seal, {{Circa|18th–17th century BC}}. Babylonia]]
The sun played a role in the royal power of old Babylonia. [[Shamash]] was the god of the sun, of justice, and of divination, as was mentioned in the Code of Hammurabi. The text states, "May the god Shamash, the great judge of heaven and Earth, who provides just ways for all living creatures, the lord, my trust, overturn his kingship."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Code of Hammurapi}}</ref> Shamash was considered to have an influence on Hammurabi, and represented the concept that he will execute the laws of justice on land just as Shamash does in his role as a god.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Charpin|first1=Dominique|title="I am the Sun of Babylon"; Solar Aspects of Royal Power in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia}}</ref>

A recent translation of the [[Chogha Gavaneh]] tablets from modern-day Iran, which date back to 1800 BC, indicates close contacts between Babylon and the town at the site of present-day Chogha Gavaneh, which is located in the intermontane valley of modern Islamabad in Iran's central Zagros and Dyala region.

A text about the fall of Babylon by the [[Hittites]] under [[Mursilis I]] (at the end of [[Samsuditana]]'s reign over Babylon) tells a story about a twin eclipse — which is crucial for a correct Babylonian chronology. The pair of lunar and solar eclipses occurred in the month of Shimanu ([[Sivan]]). The lunar eclipse took place on February 9, 1659 BC. It started at 4:43&nbsp;a.m. and ended at 6:47&nbsp;a.m. The latter was invisible, which satisfies the record, and which also tells that the moon was still in eclipse. The solar eclipse occurred on February 23, 1659 BC. It started at 10:26&nbsp;a.m., has its maximum at 11:45&nbsp;a.m., and ended at 1:04&nbsp;p.m.<ref name=huber>{{Cite journal|last=Huber|first=Peter|title=Astronomical dating of Babylon I and Ur III|journal=Monographic Journals of the Near East|year=1982|pages=41|bibcode=1982adbi.book.....H}}</ref>

The [[Venus tablets of Ammisaduqa]] (i.e., several ancient versions on clay tablets) are also well-known, and several books had been published about them. Several dates have been offered for their events, but the dates of many older sourcebooks seem to be outdated and incorrect. There are further difficulties: the 21-year span of the detailed observations of the planet [[Venus]] may or may not coincide with the reign of this king, because his name is not mentioned, only the Year of the Golden Throne.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reiner|first=Erica|author2=D. Pingree|title=Babylonian Planetary Omens The Venus, the Tablet of Ammisaduqa}}</ref>

A few sources, some printed almost a century ago, claim that the original text mentions an [[occultation]] of Venus by the moon. However, this may be a misinterpretation.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reiner|first=Erica|author2=D. Pingree|title=Babylonian Planetary Omens The Venus, the Tablet of Ammisaduqa}}</ref> Modern calculations support the year of 1659 BC for the fall of Babylon, based on the statistical probability of the planet's observations. The presently-accepted middle chronology is too low from the astronomical point of view.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kelley|first=David H.|author2=E. F. Milone |author3=Anthony F. Aveni |title=Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy|year=2004|isbn=0-387-95310-8|publisher=Springer|location=New York}}</ref>

==Seals==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:Seal Devotion scene-MBA Lyon IMG 0095.jpg| Devotion scene
File:Seal Hero fighting two winged deamons-MBA Lyon E306-IMG 0086.jpg|Hero fighting two winged demons
File:Seal Presentation to the divinity-MBA Lyon-IMG 0094.jpg|Presentation to a divinity
File:Seal Scene of devotion with inscription-MBA Lyon-IMG 0097.jpg|Scene of devotion with inscription
</gallery>

==List of rulers==
{|class="wikitable"border="1"style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|-
!width="1%"|#
!width="16.5%"|Depiction
!width="16.5%"|Name
!width="16.5%"|Succession
!width="16.5%"|Title
!width="16.5%"|{{abbr|Approx.|approximately}} dates
!width="16.5%"|Notes
|-
|1
|
|'''[[Sumuabum]]'''<br>[[File:Sumu-abum in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Šumu-abum''</small>
|Unclear succession
|[[Lugal|King]] of [[Babylon]]
|{{reign|c. 1894|c. 1881 BC|show=link}}<br>([[Middle Chronology|MC]])<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1830|c. 1817|era=BC}}<br>([[Short Chronology|SC]])<br>(14 years)</small>
|
*''[[Tempore|temp.]]'' of:
**'''[[Ilushuma]]'''
*First named king on the ''[[Babylonian King List]] (BKL)''
|-
|2
|
|'''[[Sumulael]]'''<br>[[File:Sumu-la-El in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Šumu-la-El''</small>
|Unclear succession
|[[King of Babylon]]
|{{reign|c. 1881|c. 1845|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1817|c. 1781|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(36 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Erishum I]]'''
|-
|3
|
|'''[[Sabum]]'''<br>[[File:Sabium in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Sabūm''</small>
|Son of '''Sumulael'''
|King of Babylon
|{{reign|c. 1845|c. 1831|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1781|c. 1767|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(14 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Naram-Sin of Assyria|Naramsuen]]'''
|-
|4
|
|'''[[Apil-Sin]]'''<br>[[File:Apil-Sin in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Apil-Sîn''</small>
|Son of '''Sabum'''
|King of Babylon
|{{reign|c. 1831|c. 1813|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1767|c. 1749|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(17 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Erishum II]]'''
|-
|5
|
|'''[[Sin-muballit]]'''<br>[[File:Sin-Muballit in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Sîn-Muballit''</small>
|Son of '''Apil-Sin'''
|King of Babylon
|{{reign|c. 1813|c. 1792|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1748|c. 1729|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(19 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Damiq-ilishu]]'''
|-
|6
|[[File:F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Hammurabi]]'''<br>[[File:Hammurabi in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Ḫammu-rāpi''</small>
|Son of '''Sin-muballit'''
|King of Babylon<hr>[[King of the Four Corners]]<hr>[[King of Sumer and Akkad]]
|{{reign|c. 1792|c. 1750|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br><small>{{reign|c. 1728|c. 1686|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(43 years)</small>
|
*First major ruler<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frankfort |first1=Henri |last2=Roaf |first2=Michael |last3=Matthews |first3=Donald |title=The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient |date=1996 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06470-4 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=huf3CKaA6EoC&pg=PA107 |language=en}}</ref>
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Zimri-Lim]]'''
**'''[[Siwe-Palar-Khuppak]]'''
**'''[[Shamshi-Adad I]]'''
*{{born in|{{circa|1810 BC}}}}
*{{died-in|{{c.|1750 BC}}}}
|-
|7
|[[File:Image_from_page_25_of_"Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East"_(1940).jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Samsuiluna]]'''<br>[[File:Samsu-Iluna in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Šamšu-iluna''</small>
|Son of '''Hammurabi'''
|King of Babylon<hr>[[Larsa#List of rulers|King of Larsa]]
|{{reign|c. 1750|c. 1712|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br><small>{{reign|c. 1686|c. 1648|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(38 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Gandash]]'''
**'''[[Ilum-ma-ili]]'''
**'''[[Ishme-Dagan I]]'''
*{{died-in|{{c.|1712 BC}}}}
|-
|8
|
|'''[[Abieshu]]'''<br>[[File:Abi-Eshuh in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Abī-Ešuḫ''</small>
|Son of '''Samsuiluna'''
|King of Babylon
|{{reign|c. 1712|c. 1684|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1648|c. 1620|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(28 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Agum I]]'''
**'''[[Itti-ili-nibi]]'''
**'''[[Adasi (Assyria)|Adasi]]'''
|-
|9
|
|'''[[Ammiditana]]'''<br>[[File:Ammi-Ditana in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Ammi-ditāna''</small>
|Son of '''Abieshu'''
|King of Babylon
|{{reign|c. 1684|c. 1647|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1620|c. 1583|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(37 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Abi-Rattash]]'''
**'''[[Ishkibal]]'''
**'''[[Sharma-Adad I]]'''
|-
|10
|
|'''[[Ammisaduqa]]'''<br>[[File:Ammi-Saduqa in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Ammi-Saduqa''</small>
|Son of '''Ammiditana'''
|King of Babylon
|{{reign|c. 1647|c. 1626|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1582|c. 1562|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(21 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Shushushi]]'''
**'''[[Bazaya]]'''
*Also known from the [[Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa]].
|-
|11
|
|'''[[Samsuditana]]'''<br>[[File:Samsu-Ditana in Akkadian.png|80px]]<br><small>''Šamšu-ditāna''</small>
|Son of '''Ammisaduqa'''
|King of Babylon
|{{reign|c. 1626|c. 1595|era=BC}}<br>(MC)<br>
<small>{{reign|c. 1562|c. 1531|era=BC}}<br>(SC)<br>(31 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of:
**'''[[Kashtiliash II]]'''
**'''[[Gulkishar]]'''
**'''[[Lullaya]]'''
*Known primarily due to the [[Sack of Babylon]] by the [[Hittites]].
|}

==See also==
*[[Chronology of the Ancient Near East]]
*[[Kings of Babylon]]
*[[List of lists of ancient kings]]
*[[List of Mesopotamian dynasties]]
*[[Short chronology timeline]]
*[[Timeline of the Assyrian Empire]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|First Babylonian Empire}}

{{Ancient Syria and Mesopotamia}}
{{Ancient Mesopotamia}}
{{Rulers of the Ancient Near East}}

[[Category:First Babylonian Empire| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 19th century BC]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC]]
[[Category:Babylonia]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs]]
[[Category:Former empires]]