View source for Birjand

{{Short description|City in South Khorasan province, Iran}}

{{for|the administrative division of South Khorasan province|Birjand County}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name                   = Birjand
| native_name                     = {{langx|fa|بیرجند}}
| settlement_type                 = City
| nicknames                        = City of Pines, City of Culture
| motto                           = 
| image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage
                              | photo1a = قلعه بیرجند-2.jpg
                              | photo2a = Iran, South Khorasan Province, Birjand County, Bande Darre.jpg
                              | photo3a = مدرسه شوکتیه.jpg
                              | photo4a = میدان جانبازان.jpg
                              | spacing = 2
                              | size = 250
                              | foot_montage =
                             }}
| imagesize                       = 250
| image_caption                   = Birjand castle, Dande Barre, Shokatiyeh School, Veteran's Square
| image_flag                      = 
| image_seal                      = 
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| pushpin_map                     = Iran
| pushpin_label_position          = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = 
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[Iran]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[South Khorasan province|South Khorasan]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Birjand County|Birjand]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[Bakhsh|District]]
| subdivision_name3               = [[Central District (Birjand County)|Central]]
| leader_title                    = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = Mehdi Behtarin
| established_title               = First mention
| established_date                = 13th century
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 
| area_total_sq_mi                = 
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_urban_sq_mi                = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| area_metro_sq_mi                = 
| population_note                 = 
| population_metro                = 
|population_footnotes    = <ref name="2016 South Khorasan Province"/>
|population_as_of        = 2016
|population_total        = 203636
| population_est                  = 
| population_est_as_of            = 
| population_density_km2          = 3697
| timezone                        = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
| utc_offset                      = +3:30
|coordinates             = {{Coord|32|52|41|N|59|12|58|E|dim:3km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes   = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=32.878056&mlon=59.216111&zoom=14#map=14/32.87806/59.21611|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Birjand, Birjand County|date=9 November 2024|access-date=9 November 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
| elevation_m                     = 1491
| elevation_ft                    = 
| area_code                       = (+98) 56
| blank_name                      = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info                      = [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|BSk]]
| website                         = [http://www.birjand.ir/ www.birjand.ir/]
| footnotes                       = [[Prefix code]]: +98 Iran – (0)56 Birjand
}}
<!-- Infobox ends -->

'''Birjand''' ({{langx|fa|بیرجند}};<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naghizadeh |first1=Mohammad Sadegh |last2=Naseri |first2=Mohsen |last3=Fereyduni |first3=Mohammad |last4=Ziaee |first4=Masoud |last5=Tane |first5=Abdolghader |last6=Safari |first6=Hamidreza |last7=Mahavar |first7=Neda |last8=Mahdavi |first8=Roya |last9=Anani Sarab |first9=Gholamreza |date=2018-04-01 |title=Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Interferon-γ Gene (IFN-γ +874 T/A) and the Prognosis of Hepatitis B Infection |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jommid.6.2.3.43 |journal=Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=43–47 |doi=10.29252/jommid.6.2.3.43 |issn=2345-5349|doi-access=free }}</ref> {{IPA|fa|biːɾˈdʒæːnd||Birjand.ogg}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Birdjand''' and '''Bīrjand'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3056455}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Birjand County)|Central District]] of [[Birjand County]], [[South Khorasan province|South Khorasan]] province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Khorasan Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad|language=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Islamic Parliament Research Center|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024415/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=17 November 2015|date=c. 2015|orig-date=Approved 12 September 1990|id=Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K|access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref> The city is known for its [[saffron]], [[barberry]], [[jujube]], and handmade [[carpet]] [[export]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/2005_world_city_populations/Iran.html|title=Cities in Iran: 2005 Population Estimates|work=Mongabay.com}}</ref>

==History==
[[Image: Arly Tourists in Birjand.jpg|thumb|left|Cossacks in Birjand, circa 1909.]]

The first citation of the city in the historical literature belongs to the famous book ''[[Mu'jam Al-Buldan|Mojem Alboldan]]'', by [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yaqut Homavi]] (13th century) which introduces the Birjand as the most beautiful town in the Qohestan. Before this, Birjand had been probably not as big and important as a municipality but rather as a rural community. However, the Birjand geographical area had its historical and political importance long before the emergence of the city of Birjand. Many citations of the region are available in the original literature like ''Ehya -ol- Molook'' of the once important localities in the area. Apart from literature, the oldest evidence on the history of the region is the ancient [[Lakh Mazar|Lakh-Mazar]] inscription in the Kooch village some {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Birjand. Numerous fine drawings and inscriptions are carved on an igneous rock surface. The inscriptions include pictograms as well as [[Arsacid Pahlavi]], [[Sasanian Pahlavi]], [[Arabic]] and [[Persian alphabet|Persian]] scripts.<ref>Research articles collection (archaeology, ancient inscriptions): Lakh-Mazar, Birjand. Rajab Ali Labbaf Khaniki, Rassul Bashash Kanzaq. 25. Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization. Summer 1994.</ref>

In 1931, Birjand Municipality was opened under the name of Birjand Municipality next to the tomb of Hakim Nazari and started its activities with 12 employees. The first mayor of Birjand was Mr. Afshar, who served as mayor for six years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-21 |title=New Page 1 |url=http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl7.htm |access-date=2022-01-28 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121033731/http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl7.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
{{Historical populations
|title        = Population history
|align        =right
|clear        =
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|pop_name     =
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|footnote     = 
|source       = <ref name="population history">{{cite web |title=Cities with a population of 100,000 and more (1956-2006 census) |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/13-cities-with-a-population-of-100-000-and-more-1335-1385-1956-2006-census-1.xlsx |website=irandataportal.syr.edu |publisher=Iran data portal |access-date=1 June 2025 |page=1 |format=XLS}}</ref>
|graph-pos    =
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|1956 |13,934
|1966 |25,845
|1976 |46,943
|1986 |81,798
|1991 |101,177
|1996 |127,608
|2006 |157,848<ref name="2006 South Khorasan Province"/>
|2011 |178,020<ref name="2011 South Khorasan Province"/>
|2016 |203,636<ref name="2016 South Khorasan Province"/>
}}
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 157,848 in 41,341 households.<ref name="2006 South Khorasan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): South Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/29.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920092820/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/29.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 178,020 people in 48,130 households.<ref name="2011 South Khorasan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): South Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/South-Khorasan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120174134/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/South-Khorasan.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 203,636 people in 57,745 households.<ref name="2016 South Khorasan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): South Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017050122/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
The people of Birjand follow ([[Shia]]) [[Islam]].<ref>[https://www.birjand.ac.ir/fa/page/1147/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AF تاریخچه شهر بیرجند History of Birjand City]</ref>

{{clear}}

==Climate==
Birjand has a [[cool arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BWk'') bordering upon a [[cool semi-arid climate]] (''BSk'') with hot to sweltering summers, cool winters and a significant difference between day and night temperatures.  Precipitation falls mostly in winter and spring.
{{Weather box
| width       = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
| location    = Birjand (1991–2020)
|Jan record high C = 25.0
|Feb record high C = 27.6
|Mar record high C = 32.8
|Apr record high C = 36.0
|May record high C = 40.6
|Jun record high C = 43.0
|Jul record high C = 44.0
|Aug record high C = 44.1
|Sep record high C = 40.0
|Oct record high C = 36.0
|Nov record high C = 30.1
|Dec record high C = 27.0
 | Jan high C = 11.4
| Feb high C = 14.0
| Mar high C = 18.9
| Apr high C = 25.1
| May high C = 30.7
| Jun high C = 35.1
| Jul high C = 35.8
| Aug high C = 34.4
| Sep high C = 31.8
| Oct high C = 26.5
| Nov high C = 19.2
| Dec high C = 14.2
| year high C = 24.8
| Jan mean C = 3.9
| Feb mean C = 6.6
| Mar mean C = 11.6
| Apr mean C = 17.6
| May mean C = 22.9
| Jun mean C = 27.3
| Jul mean C = 28.3
| Aug mean C = 26.3
| Sep mean C = 22.5
| Oct mean C = 17.0
| Nov mean C = 10.4
| Dec mean C = 5.7
| year mean C = 16.7
| Jan low C = -2.6
| Feb low C = 0.2
| Mar low C = 4.6
| Apr low C = 10.0
| May low C = 14.2
| Jun low C = 18.2
| Jul low C = 19.9
| Aug low C = 17.1
| Sep low C = 12.4
| Oct low C = 7.5
| Nov low C = 2.6
| Dec low C = -1.3
| year low C = 8.6
|Jan record low C = −21.5
|Feb record low C = −17.6
|Mar record low C = −12.0
|Apr record low C =  −4.5
|May record low C =   0.0
|Jun record low C =   7.0
|Jul record low C =  10.2
|Aug record low C =   6.0
|Sep record low C =   1.0
|Oct record low C =  −5.6
|Nov record low C = −11.5
|Dec record low C = −15.8
 | precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 26.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 30.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 35.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 20.6
| May precipitation mm = 7.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 1.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 2.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 7.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 17.4
| year precipitation mm = 150.2
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 4.4
| Feb precipitation days = 4.7
| Mar precipitation days = 5.4
| Apr precipitation days = 4.1
| May precipitation days = 1.4
| Jun precipitation days = 0.2
| Jul precipitation days = 0.0
| Aug precipitation days = 0.1
| Sep precipitation days = 0.2
| Oct precipitation days = 0.6
| Nov precipitation days = 1.6
| Dec precipitation days = 3.1
| year precipitation days = 25.8
 | Jan humidity = 56.0
 | Feb humidity = 51.0
 | Mar humidity = 44.0
 | Apr humidity = 35.0
 | May humidity = 26.0
 | Jun humidity = 19.0
 | Jul humidity = 20.0
 | Aug humidity = 20.0
 | Sep humidity = 20.0
 | Oct humidity = 27.0
 | Nov humidity = 40.0
 | Dec humidity = 49.0
 | year humidity = 33.9
 | Jan dew point C = -7.5
 | Feb dew point C = -6.3
 | Mar dew point C = -4.5
 | Apr dew point C = -2.2
 | May dew point C = -1.8
 | Jun dew point C = -2.1
 | Jul dew point C = -0.6
 | Aug dew point C = -2.4
 | Sep dew point C = -5.5
 | Oct dew point C = -6.0
 | Nov dew point C = -6.5
 | Dec dew point C = -7.7
 | year dew point C = -4.4
| Jan sun = 208
| Feb sun = 204
| Mar sun = 229
| Apr sun = 252
| May sun = 313
| Jun sun = 349
| Jul sun = 373
| Aug sun = 364
| Sep sun = 324
| Oct sun = 293
| Nov sun = 232
| Dec sun = 217
| year sun = 3358
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Birjand_40809.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Baft
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = December 31, 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = [https://irimo.ir] (records)}}

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Birjand (1955–2010)
|collapsed = Y
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 25.0
|Feb record high C = 27.0
|Mar record high C = 32.0
|Apr record high C = 36.0
|May record high C = 40.6
|Jun record high C = 43.0
|Jul record high C = 44.0
|Aug record high C = 44.1
|Sep record high C = 40.0
|Oct record high C = 36.0
|Nov record high C = 30.1
|Dec record high C = 27.0

|Jan high C = 11.0
|Feb high C = 13.5
|Mar high C = 18.7
|Apr high C = 24.8
|May high C = 30.5
|Jun high C = 35.0
|Jul high C = 35.8
|Aug high C = 34.5
|Sep high C = 31.8
|Oct high C = 26.6
|Nov high C = 19.6
|Dec high C = 13.6

|Jan mean C =  4.3
|Feb mean C =  6.7
|Mar mean C = 11.6
|Apr mean C = 17.2
|May mean C = 22.2
|Jun mean C = 26.4
|Jul mean C = 27.8
|Aug mean C = 25.8
|Sep mean C = 22.0
|Oct mean C = 16.9
|Nov mean C = 10.9
|Dec mean C = 6.2

|Jan low C = −2.3
|Feb low C = −0.0
|Mar low C =  4.5
|Apr low C =  9.7
|May low C = 13.8
|Jun low C = 17.9
|Jul low C = 19.8
|Aug low C = 17.1
|Sep low C = 12.3
|Oct low C =  7.2
|Nov low C =  2.2
|Dec low C = −1.1

|Jan record low C = −21.5
|Feb record low C = −17.6
|Mar record low C = −12.0
|Apr record low C =  −4.5
|May record low C =   0.0
|Jun record low C =   7.0
|Jul record low C =  10.2
|Aug record low C =   6.0
|Sep record low C =   1.0
|Oct record low C =  −5.6
|Nov record low C = −11.0
|Dec record low C = −15.8

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 31.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 32.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 35.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 31.6
|May precipitation mm =  7.1
|Jun precipitation mm =  0.3
|Jul precipitation mm =  0.1
|Aug precipitation mm =  0.2
|Sep precipitation mm =  0.0
|Oct precipitation mm =  2.6
|Nov precipitation mm =  8.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 19.7

|Jan rain days = 7.9
|Feb rain days = 8.3
|Mar rain days = 9.2
|Apr rain days = 8.0
|May rain days = 3.6
|Jun rain days = 0.7
|Jul rain days = 0.4
|Aug rain days = 0.2
|Sep rain days = 0.3
|Oct rain days = 1.6
|Nov rain days = 3.3
|Dec rain days = 6.3

|Jan snow days = 2.6
|Feb snow days = 1.7
|Mar snow days = 0.3
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0.1
|Dec snow days = 1.1

|Jan sun = 196.3
|Feb sun = 188.3
|Mar sun = 211.4
|Apr sun = 231.8
|May sun = 303.4
|Jun sun = 334.8
|Jul sun = 347.2
|Aug sun = 349.3
|Sep sun = 298.2
|Oct sun = 286.0
|Nov sun = 229.6
|Dec sun = 195.8

|Jan humidity = 57
|Feb humidity = 55
|Mar humidity = 46
|Apr humidity = 38
|May humidity = 27
|Jun humidity = 21
|Jul humidity = 21
|Aug humidity = 22
|Sep humidity = 22
|Oct humidity = 28
|Nov humidity = 39
|Dec humidity = 52
|source 1 = NOAA (1961–1990)(precipitation, humidity, sunshine hours) <ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
  |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IR/40809.TXT
  |title = Birjand Climate Normals 1961–1990
  |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210527214546/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IR/40809.TXT
  |archive-date = 2021-05-27
  |url-status = dead
  |access-date = December 29, 2012}}</ref>
|source 2 = [https://irimo.ir] (records, temperature normals)}}

==Transportation==
=== Airport ===

[[File:Birjand-airport-3.jpg|thumb|Birjand-airport]]
In 1933, due to the political and military situation of Birjand city and the east of the country, [[Birjand Airport|Birjand airport]] was established on a 150-hectare land in the north of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Flightradar24|title=Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map|url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airports/xbj|access-date=2022-01-31|website=Flightradar24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-03-02 |title=فرودگاهها |url=http://www.airport.ir/Persian/AirportInfo/AirportInfoshow.aspx |access-date=2022-01-24 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302105122/http://www.airport.ir/Persian/AirportInfo/AirportInfoshow.aspx |archive-date=2 March 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Customs ===
In 1938, in order to facilitate the transportation, export and import of goods to the subcontinent of [[India]] and [[Afghanistan]], the Birjand Customs Office was established and started its activities with two customs units, Dareh and Gezik.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-21 |title=برخى از گياهان داروئى شهرستان بيرجند و خواص درمانى آنها |url=http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl3.htm |access-date=2022-01-24 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121013512/http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl3.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Health==
=== Imam Reza Hospital ===
In 1948, Imam Reza Hospital was established in one of the lands and endowments belonging to the Alam family, known as Bagh-e Anari. In addition to accepting patients in Birjand city, this hospital also accepted other patients in southern cities of Khorasan province.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-21 |title=New Page 1 |url=http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl7.htm |access-date=2022-01-24 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121033731/http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl7.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
It is said that the Shokatiyeh School in Birjand together with [[Dar ul-Funun (Persia)|Darolfonoon]] in [[Tehran]] were the first modern [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]] of [[higher education]] in Iran in the mid-19th century. Ever since then, Birjand has amassed an abundance of institutions of higher education and become an important location for research and development.

=== Universities ===
In 1975, following Dr. [[Mohammad Hassan Ganji]], the Birjand Institute of Higher Education was established in the [[Asadollah Alam|Assadollah Alam]] Endowment Collection. This university started with the admission of 120 students in the fields of mathematics, physics and chemistry and is now officially known as [[University of Birjand|Birjand University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Birjand|url=https://birjand.ac.ir/en|access-date=2022-01-31|website=University of Birjand|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Birjand University at a glance|url=http://www.birjand.ac.ir/about.aspx |access-date=18 March 2023 |website=Birjand AC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410225020/http://www.birjand.ac.ir/about.aspx |archive-date=10 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city contains such universities and academic institutions as:

*[[University of Birjand]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birjand.ac.ir |title = دانشگاه بیرجند - نگین آموزش عالی شرق کشور}}</ref>
*[[Birjand University of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birjandut.ac.ir |title = دانشگاه صنعتی بیرجند {{!}} تنها دانشگاه صنعتی شرق کشور}}</ref>
*[[Birjand University of Medical Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bums.ac.ir/ |title=دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند |access-date=6 February 2005 |archive-date=10 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810014728/http://www.bums.ac.ir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Payame Noor University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skpnu.ac.ir|title=سامانه خدمت دانشگاه پیام نور استان خراسان جنوبی|website=www.skpnu.ac.ir|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
*[[Islamic Azad University of Birjand]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iau-birjand.ac.ir |title=Islamic Azad University of Birjand (MMD) |access-date=2006-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824061100/http://www.iau-birjand.ac.ir/ |archive-date=2006-08-24 }}</ref>
*[[University of Applied Science and Technology (south khorasan branch)]]
*[[Academy of Tarbiat-e Moalem]]
*[[Academy of Amuzesh-e Aly]]
*[[Academy of Amuzesh-e Modiriat Dolaty]]
[[Image:Aerial view of Birjand City.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Birjand, 2006]]

==Notable people==
*[[al-Birjandi|Abd al-Ali al-Birjandi]], 16th century astronomer
*[[Nizari Quhistani|Hakim Nezari Quhestani]]
*[[Ibn Hessam Khusfi]]
*[[Amir Shokat Ul-Molk Alam]], Amir of Qaen County and Governor of Quhestan at the end of Qajar dynasty
*[[Amir Ali Sheibany|Amir Ali Khan Sheibany, PhD]], founder and first CEO of Zob Ahan Esfahan '''([[Esfahan Steel Company]])'''
*[[Mohammad Tadayyon|Seyyed Mohammad Tadayyon]]
*[[Asadollah Alam]], prime minister of Iran during Pahlavi dynasty
*[[Seyyed Gholam Reza Saeidi]], writer
*[[Mohamad Haghgou]], composer
*[[Sima Bina]], Iranian folk music singer
*[[Ahmad Kamyabi Mask]], writer and renowned theater scholar
*[[Mohammad Hassan Ganji]], geographer
*[[Mohammad Ismail Rezvani]], historian
*[[Mohammad Reza Hafeznia]]
*[[Gholam Hossein Shokouei]]
[[Image:Band Darreh Birjand Sizdah Be-dar.JPG|thumb|[[Band Darreh]], 5km South of Birjand]]
*[[Kazem Motamadnejad]]
*[[Shah Seyyed Ali Kazemi]], Last tribal leader in [[Mood (city)|Moud]] and Birjand at the beginning of Pahlavi dynasty
*[[Mohammad Hossain Ayati]]
*[[Mohammad Ibrahim Ayati]]
*[[Seyyed Hassan Tahami]]
*[[Ardalan Shoja Kaveh]], actor

==See also==
*[[Akbarieh Garden]]
*[[Furg citadel]]
*[[Khorashad]]
*[[Mahmuei]]
*[[Mud, Iran|Mud]]

{{Commons category-inline|Birjand}}

{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110421184536/http://birjandcity.com/ All About Birjand]

{{Authority control}}

{{South Khorasan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Birjand County|state=collapsed}}

{{Provincial capitals of Iran}}

[[Category:Birjand| ]]

[[Category:Populated places in Birjand County]]

[[Category:Iranian provincial capitals]]

[[Category:Cities in South Khorasan province]]