Galicia

2024-12-18T10:54:23Z

95.24.78.196: /* Other uses */

{{Wiktionary|Galicia}}
'''Galicia''' may refer to:

{{TOC right}}
==Geographic regions==
* [[Galicia (Spain)]], a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain
** [[Gallaecia]], a Roman province
** The post-Roman [[Kingdom of the Suebi]], also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia
** The medieval [[Kingdom of Galicia]]
** The [[Republic of Galicia]], which only lasted for a few hours on 27 June 1931
* [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)]], a historical region in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine
** The [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]] or Kingdom of Rus, a medieval kingdom
** The [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]], a crown land of the Austrian Empire and later the Austrian half (Cisleithania) of Austria-Hungary
** [[West Galicia]] or New Galicia, a short-lived administrative region of the Austrian Empire, eventually merged into the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
** The [[District of Galicia]], part of the Nazi General Government during the World War II occupation of Poland

===Named after Spanish Galicia===
* [[Galicia, Aklan]], a barangay in Panay, Philippines
* [[Nueva Galicia]], a region of New Spain that joined Mexico
* Nueva Galicia, an old name applied to the [[Chiloé Archipelago]] in southern Chile

==Ships==
* [[Spanish ship Galicia (1750)|Spanish ship ''Galicia'' (1750)]], Spanish third-rate ship of the line
* [[Galicia-class landing platform dock|''Galicia''-class landing platform dock]], a ship class of the Spanish Navy
** [[Spanish ship Galicia (L51)|Spanish ship ''Galicia'' (L51)]], lead ship of the ''Galicia''-class
* [[Spanish landing ship Galicia (L31)|Spanish landing ship ''Galicia'' (L31)]], formerly USS ''San Marcos'', bought in 1974 by the Spanish Navy

==Sports==
* [[Deportivo Galicia]], a Venezuelan football club
* [[FC Deportivo Galicia]], an English football club
* [[Galícia Esporte Clube]], a Brazilian football club
* [[Brookhattan–Galicia]], called Galicia 1958–1961, New York City soccer club
* [[Galicia national football team]], a Spanish team
* [[Galicja national football team]], a Polish team

==Other uses==
* [[Galicia (crustacean)|''Galicia'' (crustacean)]], a fossil in family [[Erymidae]]
* [[Grupo Financiero Galicia]]

==See also==
* [[Galatia (disambiguation)]]
* [[Galich (disambiguation)]]
* [[Galician (disambiguation)]]
* [[Galizia]], a surname
* [[Halych]]

{{Disambiguation|geo|ship}}

Anastasia de Torby

2024-12-18T10:22:02Z

95.24.78.196:

{{Other people||Anastasia of Russia (disambiguation){{!}}Anastasia of Russia}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Anastasia Mikhailovna
| title = Countess de Torby<br>Lady Anastasia Mikhailovna Wernher
| image = De Torby Anastasiya Mikhailovna.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Philip de László]], 1913
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Harold Wernher|Sir Harold Wernher, 3rd Bt]]|1917|1973|end=d}}
| issue = George Wernher<br/>[[Georgina Kennard|Georgina, Lady Kennard]]<br/>[[Myra Butter|Myra, Lady Butter]]
| house = [[House of Romanov|Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov]]-Torby
| father = [[Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia]]
| mother = [[Sophie of Merenberg|Countess Sophie Nikolaievna of Merenberg]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1892|09|09}}
| birth_place = [[Wiesbaden]], [[Province of Hesse-Nassau|Hesse-Nassau]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|12|07|1892|09|09}}
| death_place = 15 [[Grosvenor Square]], [[London]], England
| place of burial =
|}}
'''Lady Anastasia Mikhailovna Wernher''' {{post-nominals|CBE}} (''{{nee}}'' '''Countess Anastasia Mikhailovna de Torby'''; 9 September 1892 – 7 December 1977), also known as '''Lady Zia Wernher''', was a German-born Russian-British aristocrat and thoroughbred racehorse owner.

She was the elder daughter of [[Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia]] by his [[morganatic]] wife, [[Sophie of Merenberg|Countess Sophie Nikolaievna of Merenberg]]. She was the owner of ''[[Charlottown]]'', winner of the 1966 [[Epsom Derby]].

==Early life==
[[File:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia with his children.jpg|thumb|left|Grand Duke Michael Mikailovich of Russia (right) with his children (from left to right) Nadejda, Michael and Anastasia]]
Born on 9 September 1892 in [[Wiesbaden]], Countess Anastasia Mikhailovna de Torby, known as Zia, was the first child and elder daughter of [[Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia]], a grandson of [[Tsar Nicholas I of Russia]], by his [[morganatic]] wife, [[Sophie of Merenberg|Countess Sophie Nikolaievna of Merenberg]]. Her mother was herself the morganatic daughter of [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]] and [[Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina]], daughter of Russian poet [[Alexander Pushkin]]. Following her parents' [[elopement]] to [[Sanremo|San Remo]] in 1891 and consequent [[banishment]] from Russia, Sophie was made Countess de Torby by her uncle, [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]. Due to her unequal birth, Zia was unable to inherit her father's title or rank, but was able to inherit her mother's Luxembourgish comital title. She had two younger siblings; [[Nadejda Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven|Nadejda]], who married [[George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven]], and [[Michael de Torby|Michael]].

In 1900, the family moved to England, leasing [[Keele Hall]] in [[Staffordshire]], and later [[Kenwood House]] in [[Hampstead]] in 1910. The family also spent part of the year in [[Cannes]].<ref name="Trevelyan">{{cite book |last1=Trevelyan |first1=Raleigh |title=Grand Dukes and Diamonds: The Wernhers of Luton Hoo |date=1991 |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |location=London}}</ref>

==Marriage and family==
On 20 July 1917, Zia married [[Harold Wernher|Harold Augustus Wernher]], second son of wealthy financier [[Julius Wernher|Sir Julius Wernher, 1st Bt]], who had made his fortune in South African diamond mining. The couple were married first in a [[Russian Orthodox]] ceremony in the chapel of the [[Embassy of Russia, London|Russian Embassy]] in [[Welbeck Street]] then in an [[Anglican]] ceremony in the [[Chapel Royal]] at [[St James's Palace]] attended by [[King George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wedding of Countess Anastasia de Torby and Major-General Sir Harold Wernher |url=http://www.worldwar1luton.com/event/wedding-countess-anastasia-de-torby-and-major-general-sir-harold-wernher |website=World War One: Great War Stories |publisher=The Culture Trust |access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref> In September of that year, the King issued a [[Royal Warrant of Precedence]] granting Zia the style, title, place, pre-eminence and precedence as the daughter of an [[earl]].<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 30313| date = 28 September 1917| page = 10046}}</ref> From then she was known as ''Lady Anastasia Mikhailovna Wernher'' or more commonly ''Lady Zia Wernher''.

Having already inherited his family fortune and seat, [[Luton Hoo]], Harold inherited the [[Wernher baronets|Wernher Baronetcy]] upon the death of his brother, Derrick, in 1948. Zia's father lost much of his fortune in the [[Russian Revolution]] and had to be financially supported by his wealthy son-in-law. Their other homes included [[Thorpe Lubenham|Thorpe Lubenham Hall]] in [[Northamptonshire]], Someries House in [[Regent's Park]] and Downie Park in [[Angus, Scotland]].

Zia and her husband had three children:
* George Michael Alexander Wernher (22 August 1918 – 4 December 1942), a godson of King George V, killed in action in during [[World War II]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Captain George Alexander Michael Wernher |url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2813623/george-michael-alexander-wernher/ |website=Commonwealth War Graves Commission |access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Georgina Kennard|Georgina Wernher]] (17 October 1919 – 28 April 2011), married, firstly, [[Harold Phillips (British Army officer)|Harold Phillips]], had issue, secondly, [[George Kennard|Sir George Kennard, 3rd Bt]], no issue
* [[Myra Butter|Myra Alice Wernher]] (18 March 1925 – 29 July 2022), married Sir David Butter, had issue

Her descendants include the [[Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster|7th Duke of Westminster]] and the heirs apparent to the [[Duke of Abercorn|dukedom of Abercorn]] and the [[Earl of Dalhousie|earldom of Dalhousie]].

==Later life==
[[File:Owner Lady Zia Wernher.svg|thumb|150px|right|Lady Zia's racing colours]]
Lady Zia was a successful owner and breeder of [[thoroughbred]] racehorses, and she was [[British flat racing Champion Owner|Champion Owner]] in 1955 and 1966. The best horses to run in her colours included ''[[Precipitation (horse)|Precipitation]]'', ''[[Persian Gulf (horse)|Persian Gulf]]'', ''[[Meld (horse)|Meld]]'', who won the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing#Fillies Triple Crown|Filly Triple Crown]] in 1955, and ''[[Charlottown]]'', who won the [[Epsom Derby]] in 1966. The family owned Someries [[stud farm|Stud]] in [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] and Blackhall Stud in [[County Kildare]].

During [[World War II]], she was County President of the [[St John Ambulance (England)|St John Ambulance]] Brigade of Leicestershire.<ref name="Trevelyan"/> During the war, her son was killed in action while serving with the [[17th/21st Lancers]] on the [[Tunisian campaign]]. Their London home, Someries House, was damaged in [[the Blitz]] and subsequently demolished. The site is today home to the headquarters of the [[Royal College of Physicians]].

For her services with the St John Ambulance, she was made an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire|Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) in the [[1946 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 37412| date = 28 December 1945| page = 285| supp = y}}</ref> She was promoted to a Commander (CBE) in the [[1956 New Year Honours]] for political and public service in Bedfordshire.<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 40669| date = 30 December 1955| page = 12| supp = y}}</ref>

The Wernhers were lifelong friends of the royal family, sharing both ancestry and a passion for horseracing. Zia and her husband were regarded as "honorary aunt and uncle" to [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark]], later Duke of Edinburgh, who was the nephew and ward of their brother-in-law, the Marquess of Milford Haven. [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and Prince Philip would often spend their wedding anniversary at Luton Hoo. In the autumn of 1977, Zia realized she would not be strong enough to host the royal couple for their 30th anniversary. She made the arrangements and left it to her grandson and his wife to host. She died weeks later on 6 December 1977 at the age of 85 at 15 [[Grosvenor Square]].<ref name="Trevelyan"/> Her funeral was held on 10 December at [[St Mary's Church, Luton]].<ref>{{cite news |title=WERNHER |work=The Times |date=8 December 1977}}</ref> She was interred in the Wernher Mausoleum in Holy Trinity Churchyard, [[East Hyde]], Bedfordshire.

Lady Zia Wernher School in [[Luton]] is named after her.

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Countess Anastasia Mikhailovna de Torby'''
|2= 2. [[Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia]]
|3= 3. [[Countess Sophie of Merenberg|Countess Sophie Nikolaevna of Merenberg]]
|4= 4. [[Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia]]
|5= 5. [[Olga Feodorovna of Baden|Princess Cecilie of Baden]]
|6= 6. [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]]
|7= 7. [[Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina]]
|8= 8. [[Nicholas I of Russia]]
|9= 9. [[Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)|Princess Charlotte of Prussia]]
|10= 10. [[Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Sophie of Sweden]]
|12= 12. [[William, Duke of Nassau]]
|13= 13. [[Princess Pauline of Württemberg (1810–1856)|Princess Pauline of Württemberg]]
|14= 14. [[Alexander Pushkin|Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin]]
|15= 15. [[Natalia Pushkina|Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, ''Once a Grand Duke'', Cassell, London, 1932.
*Chavchavadze, David, ''The Grand Dukes'', Atlantic, 1989; {{ISBN|0-938311-11-5}}
*Crawford Rosemary and Donald, ''Michael and Natasha'', Phoenix, 1998; {{ISBN|0-380-73191-6}}
*Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor), ''Burke's Guide to the Royal Family'', Burke's Peerage, London, 1973; {{ISBN|0-220-66222-3}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Torby, Anastasia de}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Wernher family|Anastasia]]
[[Category:Countesses of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Wives of baronets]]
[[Category:Wives of knights]]
[[Category:Owners of Epsom Derby winners]]
[[Category:British racehorse owners and breeders]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Morganatic issue of Romanovs]]
[[Category:German emigrants to the United Kingdom]]

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Galicia

Anastasia de Torby