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Ateneo de Iloilo

2025-05-30T19:43:10Z

86.97.145.2:

{{Short description|Roman Catholic Chinese school in Iloilo City, Philippines}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Original research|date=February 2020}}
}}
{{Infobox college
| name = Ateneo de Iloilo Santa Maria Catholic School
| native_name = 怡朗亞典耀聖母學校
| image = Ateneo de Iloilo Seal.svg
| image_size = 175px
| caption = The Jesuit Chinese-Filipino school in Western Visayas, Philippines
| former_name = Santa Maria Catholic School (1958-2004)
| motto = ''In Omnibus Amare et Servire'' (Latin)
| mottoeng = ''To Love and Serve in All Things''
| type = [[Private school|Private]] [[Roman Catholic]] non-profit [[coeducation]]al Basic education institution
| established = {{Start date and age| 1958 }}
| founder = Fr. Andrew Joliet, SJ
| religious_affiliation = [[Roman Catholic]] ([[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]])
| academic_affiliations = {{bulleted list|[[Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges, and Universities|PAASCU]]|[[Jesuit Basic Education Commission|JBEC]]|[[Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines|CEAP]]}}
| endowment =
| chairman =
| president = Braulio “Bong” Dahunan, SJ (as Officer-in-Charge){{cn|date=May 2025}}
| principal = Joseph Raymund Patrick S. Sanchez, SJ (acting) {{cn|date=July 2024}}
| faculty = 150
| head_label = School chaplain
| head = Fr. Braulio “Bong” Dahunan, SJ{{cn|date=April 2024}}
| administrative_staff = 60
| students = 2,100
| city = Pison Ave, Brgy San Rafael, [[Mandurriao|Mandurriao District]], [[Iloilo City]]
| province = [[Iloilo]]
| country = Philippines
| coordinates = {{Coord|10|42|18.68|N|122|32|50.08|E|region:PH_type:edu|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Urban {{bulleted list|'''Main Campus''' {{convert|7.5|hectare|sqm}} Atria Park District Brgy San Rafael, Mandurriao District Iloilo City|'''Satellite Campus'''
 City proper Gen. Blanco St. Iloilo City}}
| free_label = Alma Mater song
| free = ''"Amare et Servire"''
| free_label2 = Patroness
| free2 = Blessed Virgin Mary (under the title of [[Our Lady of China|Our Lady Queen of China]])
| colors = Blue {{colour box|blue|border=silver}} and {{colour box|white|border=silver|}} White
| sporting_affiliations = [[Iloilo Schools Sports Association|ISSA]], [[Private Schools Athletic Association| PRISAA]], [[Jesuit Athletic Meet|JAM]]
| mascot = Blue Dragons
| website = {{url|www.adi.edu.ph}}
}}

The '''Ateneo de Iloilo – Santa Maria Catholic School''' (AdI–SMCS) ({{zh|s={{linktext|lang=cmn-Hans|怡朗|亚典耀|圣母|学校}}|t={{linktext|lang=cmn-Hans|怡朗|亞典耀|聖母|學校}}|p=Yílǎng Yàdiǎnyào Shèngmǔ Xuéxiào|poj=Î-lóng A-tián-iāu Sèng-bió Ha̍k-hāu}}), is a private, Jesuit, [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]], Chinese-Filipino Basic Education school run by the Philippine Province of the [[Society of Jesus]] in [[Iloilo City]], Philippines. It is a non-stock and non-profit institution duly accredited by the Philippine Council for NGO Certification (PCNC). It is also recognized by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) with Level 2 accreditation. Ateneo de Iloilo began in 1958 as a parochial school named '''Santa Maria Catholic School'''. In 2004, the school was officially recognized as a Jesuit school separate from the Santa Maria Parish and was renamed Ateneo de Iloilo - Santa Maria Catholic School. It is the eighth Jesuit school in the Philippines to be named Ateneo. Ateneo de Iloilo is a [[K-12]] school and its curriculum includes Chinese language, Christian Living Education, and Ignatian Spirituality programs.

The [[Ateneo Graduate School of Business|Ateneo de Manila University Graduate School of Business]] has a satellite school in Iloilo. It is located in Ateneo de Iloilo's San Rafael Campus. The presence of this graduate school is a trial balloon of Ateneo de Iloilo's plan to become a higher education institution in the future and to eventually become a university.

==History==
===Early years===
The [[Jesuits]] came to Iloilo City in 1953 after being expelled from China by the [[Communists]], and continued their apostolic work in the local Chinese community. They first did parish-pastoral ministry. With the support of the Iloilo Chinese and Filipino communities, Santa Maria Parish under the tutelage of Our Lady Queen of China was established by Fr. Guerrino Marsecano, an Italian Jesuit missionary.

Jesuits believe that quality education is essential in molding good Catholic Christians. So in 1958, with nine students as enrollees, Fr. Andrew Joliet, a French Jesuit, and Fr. Santiago Leon, a Spanish Jesuit, acting as Founder/Director and Principal respectively, opened a parochial school that was named Sta. Maria Catholic School (SMCS). A year after the founding of the school, a two-story wooden building was constructed to provide the students with eight classrooms. In 1962, through the beneficence of Eduardo and Cesar Lopez, additional classrooms were built on the brothers' lot situated across the street.

SMCS had its first batch of graduates from the Grade School Department in school year 1965–66. The school accepted its first batch of high school freshmen in school year 1966–67. SMCS held its first high school graduation in March 1970. In 1968, the Philippine government recognized SMCS as a Filipino school with a comprehensive Chinese language program.<ref name="About history">{{Cite web|url=http://www.adi.edu.ph/index.php/about/history|title=Ateneo de Iloilo Website|website=www.adi.edu.ph|access-date=2017-08-08}}</ref>

From nine pupils in 1958, SMCS's student population had continuously grown. It accepted a total of 615 enrollees for high school alone in 1970. However, due to the decision of the Chinese [[Provincial superior]] to maintain only an elementary school, no freshmen were accepted for the school year 1971–72. As a result, high school enrollment plummeted to 513 and to 481 the following year. When parents of the students protested the phasing-out of the high school department, the Chinese Provincial Superior reconsidered his decision. A year after, enrollment started picking up as freshmen were again allowed to enroll for the school year 1972–73.<ref name="About history" />

Meanwhile, a donation of 3,600 square meters of land by the Lopez family in June 1972 paved the way for the construction of a four-story concrete building in 1974 to replace the wooden one. The French-German missionary Fr. Arthur Baur, S.J., parish priest and Superior of the Sta. Maria community, added a new wing to the school in 1977.

Despite the limitations of a constricted space, SMCS's complex continued to grow under the tenure of Fr. John Chi, SJ. When SMCS celebrated its 25th founding anniversary in 1983, improvements such as the construction of additional comfort rooms, large classrooms, and a cluster of offices were undertaken. A two-story structure was also put up to house classrooms for kindergarten pupils. Two years later, administrative offices on the ground floor of the school were renovated and a conference room was added.<ref name="About history"/>

The integration of the Jesuits of the China Province delegation in the Philippines into the Jesuit Philippine Province on September 27, 1988, resulted in all the former delegation works being placed under the care and control of the Philippine Jesuit provincial superior. This facilitated the assignment of Filipino Jesuits to the three Chinese-Filipino schools run by Jesuits: the Santa Maria Catholic School (Iloilo), Sacred Heart School–Ateneo de Cebu, and Xavier School (San Juan, Metro Manila).<ref name="About history" />

===Recent years===
With the incessant clamor of SMCS alumni and the local Iloilo community to let their children study in a Jesuit school, a plan for expansion and transfer to a new and spacious site was initiated.

On April 30, 2004, a Memorandum of Agreement was signed by Jesuit Father Provincial Romeo J. Intengan, S.J., Fr. Manuel A. Uy Jr., S.J., Director of SMCS, and Victor F. Pison of the Kauuturan Pison Development Corporation (KAPIDECO). The latter was donating 2.5 hectares of land to be part of the 7.5-hectare campus of a new Ateneo, the first in the Visayas. Archbishop [[Angel Lagdameo]] of the [[Archdiocese of Jaro]] and Iloilo City Mayor Jerry P. Treñas, an Ateneo de Manila alumnus, witnessed the MOA signing which formalized the establishment of the Ateneo de Iloilo – Santa Maria Catholic School, a Jesuit school separate from the parish.<ref name="About history" />

The new school campus is on a 7.5-hectare property in Barangay San Rafael, Mandurriao District, Iloilo City. This site is the new main campus of the school. Buildings for the preschool, grade school, high school, and administration were constructed in this new campus, along with a covered gymnasium, sports complex, and church. Phase 1 of the master plan of the new campus was completed and the High School Department transferred to the new site in June 2010.<ref name="About history" /><ref name="New Ateneo de Iloilo main campus">{{Cite web|title=Explore Iloilo |url=http://www.exploreiloilo.com/new-ateneo-de-iloilo-main-campus.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130220713/http://www.exploreiloilo.com/new-ateneo-de-iloilo-main-campus.html |archive-date=January 30, 2010 }}</ref>

Groundbreaking rites for the construction of a four-story building (Phase 2) worth P200 million for the use of the Grade School Department and the Administration were held on June 1, 2013. Construction of the Grade School and Administration buildings (Phase 2) began in late 2013. It was opened for Preschool and Grades 1–2 in 2016 and became fully operational in the school year after.<ref name="About history" /><ref name="Ateneo-to-break-ground-for-Php200m-building">{{Cite web|title=Panay News Philippines |url=http://www.panaynewsphilippines.com/iloilo/4113-ateneo-to-break-ground-for-p200-m-building.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811030112/http://panaynewsphilippines.com/iloilo/4113-ateneo-to-break-ground-for-p200-m-building.html |archive-date=August 11, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="ateneo-de-iloilo-grade-school-admin-building">{{Cite web|title=Gigsilonggo |url=http://www.gigsilonggo.com/ateneo-de-iloilo-grade-school-admin-building/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203142702/http://www.gigsilonggo.com/ateneo-de-iloilo-grade-school-admin-building/ |archive-date=February 3, 2015 }}</ref>

The school has totally transferred to the new site in Barangay San Rafael, Mandurriao District, Iloilo City, in 2017, with 2,100 students and 200 faculty and staff. The old campus at General Blanco Street is now being used as a center for evangelization and pastoral activities by the Jesuits. School year 2018–2019 marks the school's Golden Anniversary with a theme: 60 years of forming leaders ignited by love and service.<ref name="SMCS Ripples">{{Cite web|url=http://members.tripod.com/smcs_ripples/id21.html|title=SMCS steps higher as AdI|website=members.tripod.com|access-date=2017-08-08}}</ref>

==PAASCU accreditation==
During the five-year term (1991–1996) of Fr. Renato Puentevella, S.J, as Director - Principal, SMCS went through the [[Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges, and Universities]] (PAASCU) Preliminary Survey and Formal Survey. The Grade School Department was granted a three-year PAASCU accreditation in 1995 and the High School Department followed suit the following year.<ref name="About Vision and Mission">{{Cite web|url=http://www.adi.edu.ph/index.php/about/vision-and-mission|title=Ateneo de Iloilo Website|website=www.adi.edu.ph|access-date=2017-08-08}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Jesuit educational institutions in the Philippines]]
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Jesuit educational institutions in the Philippines}}
{{Chinese schools in the Philippines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ateneo De Iloilo}}
[[Category:Jesuit schools in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Schools in Iloilo City]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1958]]
[[Category:Chinese-language schools in the Philippines]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Elementary schools in the Philippines]]
[[Category:High schools in Iloilo]]

Pope Nicholas II

2025-05-30T06:17:21Z

86.97.145.2: /* Papacy */

{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 1059 to 1061}}
{{more citations|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Pope
| honorific-prefix = [[List of popes|Pope]]
| name = Nicholas II
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| image =Robert Guiscard claimed as a Duke (Detail of Nicholas II).jpg

| caption = Portrait of Nicholas II in the Nuova Cronica des Giovanni Villani
| birth_name = Gerard
| term_start = 24 January 1059
| term_end = 27 July 1061
| predecessor = [[Pope Stephen IX|Stephen IX]]
| successor = [[Pope Alexander II|Alexander II]]
| birth_date = between 990 and 995
| birth_place = [[Château de Chevron]], [[Mercury, Savoie|Mercury]], [[Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles|Kingdom of Burgundy]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| death_date = 27 July 1061
| death_place = [[Florence]], [[March of Tuscany]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| other = Nicholas
}}
[[File:B Nikolaus II2.jpg|thumb|right|Nicholas II (right) depicted in a fresco in the [[San Clemente al Laterano|Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano]] in Rome {{Circa|12th century}}]]
'''Pope Nicholas II''' ({{langx|la|Nicolaus II}}; c. 990/995 – 27 July 1061), otherwise known as '''Gerard of Burgundy''', was head of the [[Catholic Church]] and ruler of the [[Papal States]] from 24 January 1059 until his death in 27 July 1061. At the time of his election, he was [[bishop of Florence]].<ref>Coulombe, Charles A. ''Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes'', Citadel Press, 2003, p. 210.</ref> During his Papacy, Nicholas II successfully expanded the influence of the papacy in [[Milan]] and [[southern Italy]]. He was also responsible for passing papal election reforms, the most significant of which led to the creation of the [[papal conclave]], which remains in use to this day.

==Early life==
Gerard of Burgundy was born in [[Château de Chevron|Chevron]],<ref>{{cite work|language=Fr|author=François Marius Hudry |title= Histoire des communes savoyardes |publisher= Éditions Horvath |place=Roanne |year=1982|volume= 4 |page=79|isbn=978-2-7171-0263-5}}. - {{cite work|language=Fr|author=Michel Germain|title= Personnages illustres des Savoie|publisher= Autre Vue|place=|year=2007 |pages=144| isbn= 978-2-9156-8815-3 }}.</ref> in what is now [[Savoy]]. He was a [[Canon_(priest)|canon]] at [[Liège]]. In 1045 he became [[bishop of Florence]], where he restored the canonical life among the clergy of numerous churches.<ref> Schwartz, Gerhard. ''Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122'' (1907) Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. p. 209 (in lang|de)</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_SIM_024119 Detlev, Jasper. "Nicholas II, Pope", ''Religion Past and Present''] 2013,
{{ISBN| 9789004146662}}</ref>

==Papacy==
[[Antipope Benedict X|Benedict X]] was elected in 1058, his election having been arranged by the [[count of Tusculum]]. However, several cardinals alleged that the election was irregular and that votes had been bought; these cardinals were forced to flee to [[Rome]]. [[Pope Gregory VII|Hildebrand]], archdeacon of the Roman church, was away on a diplomatic mission to Germany. When he heard of Benedict X's election, he opposed it and obtained support for the election of Gerard of Burgundy instead. In December 1058, those cardinals who had opposed Benedict X's election met at [[Siena]] and elected Gerard as pope instead. He then took the name Nicholas II.<ref name=Weber>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11055a.htm Weber, Nicholas. "Pope Nicholas II." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 24 December 2017</ref>

Nicholas II proceeded towards Rome, along the way holding a synod at [[Sutri]], where, in the presence of the Tuscan ruler [[Godfrey the Bearded]] and the imperial chancellor, Guibert of Parma, he pronounced Benedict X deposed and excommunicated.<ref name=Weber/> The supporters of Nicholas II then gained control of Rome and forced Benedict X to flee to Gerard of Galeria. Having arrived in Rome, Nicholas II then proceeded to wage war against Benedict X and his supporters with [[Normans|Norman]] assistance. At an initial battle in [[Campagna]] in early 1059, Nicholas II was not wholly successful. But later that same year, his forces conquered [[Praeneste]], Tusculum, and [[Mentana|Numentanum]], and in the autumn took Galeria, forcing Benedict X to surrender and renounce the papacy.

Nicholas II died on 27 July 1061, less than three years after becoming Pope.

===Relationship with the Normans===
[[File:Museo nicolaiano, sigillo di papa nicola II, 1059.jpg|thumb|A 1059 bullae seal of Nicholas II]]
To secure his position, Nicholas II at once entered into relations with the Normans. The pope wanted to re-take [[Emirate of Sicily|Sicily]] for Christianity, and he saw the Normans as the perfect force to crush the Muslims.<ref>Bartlett, Professor Robert. "The Normans", episode 3, BBC-TV</ref> The Normans were by this time firmly established in southern Italy, and later in the year 1059 the new alliance was cemented at [[Melfi]], where the pope, accompanied by Hildebrand, Cardinal [[Humbert of Silva Candida|Humbert]], and Abbot [[Pope Victor III|Desiderius]] of [[Monte Cassino]], solemnly invested [[Robert Guiscard]] with the duchies of [[Apulia]], [[Calabria]], and [[Sicily]], and [[Richard of Aversa]] with the [[principality of Capua]], in return for oaths of fealty and the promise of assistance in guarding the rights of the Church. This arrangement, which was based on no firmer foundation than the forged "[[Donation of Constantine]]", was destined to give the papacy independence from both the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern]] and [[Holy Roman Empire|Western Empires]]. Its first substantial result was Norman aid in taking Galeria, where Antipope Benedict X was hiding, and the end of the subordination of the papacy to the Roman nobles.

===Subordination of Milan===
Meanwhile, Nicholas II sent [[Peter Damian]] and Bishop [[Anselm of Lucca]] as legates to [[Milan]], to resolve the conflict between the [[Pataria|Patarenes]] and the archbishop and clergy. The result was a fresh triumph for the papacy. Archbishop [[Guido da Velate|Wido]], facing ruinous ecclesiastical conflict in Milan, submitted to the terms of the legates, which subordinated Milan to Rome. The new relation was advertised by the unwilling attendance of Wido and the other Milanese bishops at the council summoned to the [[Lateran Palace]] in April 1059. This council not only continued the Hildebrandine reforms by sharpening the discipline of the clergy but marked an epoch in the history of the papacy by its famous regulation of future elections to the Holy See.

===Election reform===
{{main|In nomine Domini}}
Previously, [[papal election]]s had effectively been controlled by the Roman aristocracy, unless the [[Holy Roman emperor]] was strong enough to be able to intervene from a distance to impose his will. As a result of the battles with the Antipope Benedict X, Nicholas II wished to reform papal elections. At the synod held in the Lateran at Easter, 1059, Pope Nicholas brought 113 bishops to Rome to consider several reforms, including a change in the election procedure. The electoral reform adopted by that synod amounted to a declaration of independence on the part of the church. Henceforth, popes were to be selected by the cardinals in assembly in Rome.

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Christianity|History}}
*The [[Tusculan Papacy]]
*[[History of the papacy (1048–1257)]]
*[[List of popes]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Nicholas (popes)|volume=19|pages=649–651}}
*{{Catholic|wstitle=Pope Nicholas II}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pope Stephen IX|Stephen IX]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pope]]|years=1059–61}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pope Alexander II|Alexander II]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Popes}}
{{Catholicism}}
{{History of the Catholic Church}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicholas 2}}
[[Category:Pope Nicholas II| ]]
[[Category:990s births]]
[[Category:1061 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Savoie]]
[[Category:French popes]]
[[Category:11th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:11th-century French people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Popes]]
[[Category:11th-century popes]]