1514

2025-04-18T22:49:18Z

86.24.3.211: /* Deaths */ Henry, Duke of Cornwall did not die in December 1514, he died in February 1511.

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1514}}
{{Year nav|1514}}
[[File:Merian - Execution of György Dózsa.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[July 14]]: Six days of torture of Hungarian rebel leader [[György Dózsa]] begins, lasting until his death.]]
[[File:Autor nieznany (malarz z kręgu Lukasa Cranacha Starszego), Bitwa pod Orszą.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[September 8]]: Poland and Lithuania defeat a much larger Russian force in the [[Battle of Orsha]].]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
Year '''1514''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDXIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
[[File:Albrecht Dürer - Melencolia I - Google Art Project ( AGDdr3EHmNGyA).jpg|110px|thumbnail|[[Albrecht Dürer]] creates [[engraving]] [[Melencolia I]].]]
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 10]] – A great fire breaks out, in the [[Rialto]] of [[Venice]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Unesco Courier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnP8LHuYTpkC|year=1996|publisher=Unesco|page=17|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] – [[War of the League of Cambrai]]: In what is now the Italian region of [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Giacomo Badoer (died 1537)|Giacomo Badoer]], administrator of the [[Republic of Venice]], orders a retreat from the approaching forces of the Holy Roman Empire, abandoning [[Udine]], [[Cividale]] and [[Cormons]] and falling back on [[Sacile]].<ref>{{DBI |first=Angelo |last=Ventura |title=Badoer, Giacomo |volume=5 |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giacomo-badoer_res-f1d2e481-87e6-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/}}</ref>
* [[March 12]] – A huge exotic embassy sent by King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] to [[Pope Leo X]] arrives in Rome, including [[Hanno (elephant)|Hanno]], an [[Indian elephant]].
* [[March 13]] – [[Louis XII of France]] makes peace with [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>Catherine Charlotte, Lady Jackson, ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Court_of_France_in_the_Sixteenth_Cen/uq0UAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=March+1514+%22Louis+XII%22&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover The Court of France in the Sixteenth Century, 1514-1539]'' (Joseph Knight Company, 1896) p.20</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 29]] – After a month of negotiations at [[Linz]] between the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the [[Kingdom of Denmark]], representatives of the two nations sign an alliance agreement, to be secured by the marriage of the Emperor's 13-year-old daughter [[Isabella of Austria|Isabella]], to the new King of Denmark, [[Christian II of Denmark|Christian II]], along with payment of a [[dowry]] to King Christian of 250,000 [[Rhenish gulden]], equivalent to $118,000,000 USD 500 years later.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jørgensen |first=G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rukjzQEACAAJ |title=Dronning Elisabeth af Danmark |date=1901 |pages=46–47 |publisher=G.E.C. Gad |isbn=978-1172156450 |language=da}}</ref>
* [[May 2]] – The [[Poor Conrad]] peasant revolt against [[Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg]] begins in [[Beutelsbach (Weinstadt)|Beutelsbach]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Warde|title=Ecology, Economy and State Formation in Early Modern Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoWFbdNcVzEC&pg=PA200|date=29 June 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45773-6|pages=200}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] – The earliest printed edition of [[Saxo Grammaticus]]' 12th century Scandinavian history ''[[Gesta Danorum]]'', edited by [[Christiern Pedersen]] from an original found near [[Lund]], is published as ''Danorum Regum heroumque Historiae'', by [[Jodocus Badius]] in Paris.
* [[June 13]] – ''[[Henry Grace à Dieu]]'', at over 1,000 tons the largest [[warship]] in the world at this time, built at the new [[Woolwich Dockyard]] in England, is dedicated.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=139–142|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Lincoln P.|last=Paine|year=1997|title=Ships of the World: an Historical Encyclopedia|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=0-85177-739-2}}</ref>

=== July–September ===
* [[July 14]] – The Hungarian rebel leader [[György Dózsa]] is defeated in battle at [[Temesvár]] in [[Transylvania]] in Hungary (now [[Timișoara]] in [[Romania]], and tortured over a period of six days until his death. Condemning Dózsa's ambition to be king, Hungary's monarch [[Stephen VIII Báthory]] orders that Dózsa be tied to an iron throne over a fire, then forced to wear a red-hot metal crown.<ref>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Dozsa, György |volume=8 |page=462 |first=Robert Nisbet |last=Bain}}</ref>
* [[July 20]] – King [[Christian II of Denmark|Christian II]] is crowned King of [[Norway]] in [[Oslo]]. This coronation will be the last in Norway for 304 years until the crowning of [[Charles XIV John|King Karl XIV Johan]] in [[1818]].
* [[August 7]] – King [[Henry VIII of England]] concludes an independent peace treaty with [[Kingdom of France|France]] in the [[War of the League of Cambrai]], negotiated by [[Thomas Wolsey]].
* [[August 13]] – [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary Tudor]], sister of King Henry VIII, is married by proxy to France's King Louis XII in accordane with the August 7 peace treaty.
* [[August 23]] – [[Battle of Chaldiran]]: [[Selim I]] crushes the Persian army of [[Shah Ismail I]].
* [[September 7]] – The Ottoman Army, commanded by the Sultan Selim I, arrives at [[Tabriz]], capital of [[Safavid Iran]] and accepts the surrender of Shah Ismail.
* [[September 8]] – Forces of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] and the [[History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty|Kingdom of Poland]], backed by [[Belarusians]], with 30,000 troops, defeat the larger Russian army of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] (80,000 soldiers) in the [[Battle of Orsha]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plewczyński |first1=Marek |editor1-last=Jasiński |editor1-first=Grzegorz |editor2-last=Włodarkiewicz |editor2-first=Wojciech |title=Polish battles and campaigns in 13th–19th centuries |date=2016 |publisher=Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości |isbn=978-83-65409-12-6 |page=41 |url=https://wceo.wp.mil.pl/y/pliki/rozne/2020/07/POLISH_BATTLES.pdf |chapter=The Battle of Orsha 8th September 1514}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Polish Perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4ziAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Pałac Kultury i Nauki |page=79}}</ref>
* [[September 15]] – [[Thomas Wolsey]] is appointed [[Archbishop of York]] in England.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/197|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=197–204}}</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 9]] – King [[Louis XII of France]] marries [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary Tudor]] (sister of King [[Henry VIII of England]]) at [[Abbeville]], as part of the [[Kingdom of England]]'s peace with France.<ref>{{cite book| title=The Sisters of Henry VIII: The Tumultuous Lives of Margaret of Scotland and Mary of France |year=2000
|last=Perry |first=Maria|publisher= Da Capo Press |page=100 |isbn=0-306-80989-3}}</ref>
* [[November 5]] – Mary Tudor is formally crowned as the Queen consort of France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[November 23]] – King Henry VIII of summons the English Parliament, to assemble at Westminster on February 5.
* [[November 28]] – [[Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha]] steps down as [[List of Ottoman grand viziers|Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[December 4]] – [[Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca]] and [[Peter Martyr d'Anghiera|Pietro Martire d'Anghiera]] complete the first printed map of Central America as they record their data from the [[Pinzón–Solís voyage]] of 1508-1509.
* [[December 18]] – Ottoman General [[Dukaginzade Ahmed Pasha]] is appointed by the Sultan Selmi I as the new Grand Vizier, but serves for less than three months before he is removed and executed.
* [[December 29]] – [[Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Count of Matera]], is assassinated in [[Matera]], the day after demanding that the aristocracy and people of his realm pay 24,000 ducates in taxes to clear up his personal debts.<ref>"Tramontano, Giancarlo", by Angelantonio Spagnoletti, in '' Dizionario biografico degli italiani'' (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2019_</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Albrecht Dürer]] makes his famous [[engraving]] ''[[Melencolia I]]''.
* [[Camillo Renato|Paolo Ricci (Camillo Renato)]] moves to [[Augsburg]].
* [[Nicolaus Copernicus]]'s ''[[Commentariolus]]'', outlining his theory of [[Copernican heliocentrism|heliocentrism]], is written by this date.
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== Births ==
[[File:Vesalius Portrait pg xii - c.png|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Andreas Vesalius]]]]
* [[January 1]] – [[George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly]], Scottish noble (d. [[1562]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Hai Rui]], Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty (d. [[1587]])
* [[January 27]] – [[Bernardino Maffei]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1553]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Daniele Barbaro]], Venetian churchman, diplomat and scholar (d. [[1570]])
* [[February 10]] – [[Domenico Bollani]], Bishop of Milan (d. [[1579]])
* [[February 16]] – [[Georg Joachim Rheticus]], Austrian cartographer and scientific instrument maker (d. [[1574]])
* [[February 22]] – [[Tahmasp I]], Shah of Iran (d. [[1576]])
* [[February 22]] – [[Johannes Gigas]], German theologian (d. [[1581]])
* [[February 26]] – [[Otto Truchsess von Waldburg]], German Catholic cardinal (d. [[1573]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Amago Haruhisa]], Japanese samurai and warlord (d. [[1561]])
* [[March 23]] – [[Lorenzino de' Medici]], Italian writer and assassin (d. [[1548]])
* [[April 2]] – [[Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino]], Italian condottiero (d. [[1574]])
* [[April 5]] – [[Joachim Mörlin]], German bishop (d. [[1571]])
* [[April 30]] – [[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross]], Scottish prince (d. [[1515]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Shimazu Takahisa]], daimyō and fifteenth head of the Shimazu clan (d. [[1571]])
* [[June 16]] – [[John Cheke]], English classical scholar and statesman (d. [[1557]])
* [[August 29]] – [[García Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Marquis of Villafranca]], Spanish noble and admiral (d. [[1577]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Philip, Duke of Mecklenburg]], (d. [[1557]])
* [[September 20]] – [[Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (d. [[1590]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Prospero Santacroce]], Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. [[1589]])
* [[October 7]] – [[Queen Inseong]], Korean royal consort (d. [[1578]])
* [[October 31]] – [[Wolfgang Lazius]], Austrian historian (d. [[1565]])
* [[November 29]] – [[Andreas Musculus]], German theologian (d. [[1581]])
* [[November 30]] – [[Andreas Masius]], German Catholic priest (d. [[1573]])
* [[December 31]] – [[Andreas Vesalius]], Flemish anatomist (d. [[1564]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Hosokawa Harumoto]], Japanese military leader (d. [[1563]])
** [[George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly]], Scottish nobleman (d. [[1562]])
** [[Charles de Mornay]], Swedish (originally French) court official, diplomat and royal favorite (d. [[1574]])
** [[John Knox]], Scottish clergyman, theologian and writer (d. [[1572]])
** [[Barbara Uthmann]], German businessperson (d. [[1575]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Donato Bramante.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|[[Donato Bramante]]]]
* [[January 2]] – [[William Smyth]], English bishop and statesman (b. [[1460]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Anne of Brittany]], queen of [[Charles VIII of France]] and [[Louis XII of France]] (b. [[1477]])<ref>{{cite book|author=A. S. Korteweg|title=Splendour, Gravity & Emotion: French Medieval Manuscripts in Dutch Collections|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IhXWAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Waanders|isbn=978-90-400-9630-3|page=153}}</ref>
* [[March 11]] – [[Donato Bramante]], Italian architect (b. [[1444]])<ref>{{cite book|author=James Patrick|title=Renaissance and Reformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6ZJlLHLPY8C&pg=PA140|year=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7651-1|pages=140}}</ref>
* [[April 21]] – [[Ichijō Fuyuyoshi]], Japanese court noble (b. [[1465]])
* [[May 3]] – [[Anna of Brandenburg]], Duchess consort of Schleswig and Holstein (b. [[1487]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (b. [[1463]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Suster Bertken]] Dutch anchorite (b. 1426)
* [[July 20]] – [[György Dózsa]], Transylvanian peasant revolt leader (b. [[1470]])
* [[October 21]] – [[Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] and Count of Veldenz (1489–1514) (b. [[1462]])
* [[October 25]] – [[William Elphinstone]], Scottish bishop and statesman (b. [[1431]])
* [[November 28]] – [[Hartmann Schedel]], German cartographer (b. [[1440]])
*''date unknown''
** [[Agnes Fingerin]], German philanthropist and businessperson

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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1514