Czech Americans

2025-04-22T08:57:16Z

86.124.187.32:

{{short description|Americans of Czech birth or descent}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2023}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Czech Americans<br>Čechoameričané
| image = Czech USC2000 PHS.svg
| pop = '''1,294,789''' (2019)<ref name="US Census Bureau, American FactFinder, Decennial Programs, Census 2000, Data Set Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) – Sample Data, Table: PCT18 ANCESTRY (TOTAL CATEGORIES TALLIED) FOR PEOPLE WITH ONE OR MORE ANCESTRY CATEGORIES REPORTED [109] Universe">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=ancestry&t=Ancestry&d=ACS%201-Year%20Estimates%20Detailed%20Tables&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B04006&hidePreview=true|title=ACS Demographic and Housing 2019 1-Year Estimates}}</ref><br><small>'''0.39% of the US population'''</small>
| popplace = [[Texas]], [[Nebraska]], [[The Dakotas]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Iowa]], [[Minnesota]], [[Illinois]], [[Maryland]], [[Ohio]], [[New York Metropolitan Area]], [[California]], [[Florida]], [[Oregon]]
| langs = [[American English]], [[Czech language|Czech]]
| rels = [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]], [[Judaism]]
| related = Other [[Czech diaspora|Czechs]]{{•}} [[Moravians]]{{•}} [[History of the Jews in the Czech lands|Czech Jews]]{{•}} [[Texan Silesian]]s{{•}} [[Slovak Americans]]{{•}} [[Sorbian Americans]]{{•}} [[Austrian Americans]]{{•}} [[Polish Americans]]{{•}} [[Kashubian Americans]]
}}
{{Bar chart
| title = Number of Czech Americans
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Number
| bar_width = 15
| width_units = em
| data_max = 2000000
| float = right
| label1 = 1980<ref>{{cite web|title=Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,00 or more persons: 1980|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab04.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref>
| data1 = 1,892,456
| label2 = 1990<ref>{{cite web|title=1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=30 November 2012|date=18 September 1992}}</ref>
| data2 = 1,296,411
| label3 = 2000<ref>{{cite web|title=Ancestry: 2000|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213043/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 February 2020|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref>
| data3 = 1,262,527
| label4 = 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref>
| data4 = 1,533,826
}} {{Czechs}}

'''Czech Americans''' ({{langx|cs|Čechoameričané}}), known in the 19th and early 20th century as '''Bohemian Americans''', are citizens of the United States whose ancestry is wholly or partly originate from the [[Czech lands]], a term which refers to the majority of the traditional [[lands of the Bohemian Crown]], namely [[Bohemia]], [[Moravia]] and [[Czech Silesia]]. These lands over time have been governed by a variety of states, including the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], the [[Austrian Empire]], [[Czechoslovakia]], and the [[Czech Republic]] also known by its short-form name, Czechia. Germans from the Czech lands who emigrated to the United States are usually identified as [[German American]]s, or, more specifically, as Americans of [[German Bohemian]] descent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech Americans {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/czech-americans |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> According to the [[United States 2000 Census|2000 U.S. census]], there are 1,262,527 Americans of full or partial Czech descent, in addition to 441,403 persons who list their ancestry as [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]]. Historical information about Czechs in America is available thanks to people such as [[Mila Rechcigl]].

==History==
The first documented case of the entry of [[Czechs]] to the North American shores is of [[Joachim Gans]] of [[Prague]], a [[History of the Jews in the Czech lands|Bohemian Jewish]] [[mining engineer]] who came to [[Roanoke Colony|Roanoke]], [[North Carolina]] in 1585 with an expedition of explorers organized by Sir [[Walter Raleigh]] (1552–1618).

[[Augustine Herman]] (1621–1686) was the first documented Czech settler. He was a [[surveyor (surveying)|surveyor]] and skilled [[technical drawing|draftsman]], successful planter and developer of new lands, a shrewd and enterprising merchant, a bold politician and effective diplomat, fluent in several languages. After coming to [[New Amsterdam]] (present [[New York (state)|New York]]), he became one of the most influential people in the Dutch Province which led to his appointment to the Council of Nine to advise the New Amsterdam Governor [[Peter Stuyvesant]]. One of his greatest achievements was his celebrated map of [[Maryland]] and [[Virginia]] commissioned by Lord Baltimore on which he began working in earnest after removing to the English Province of [[Maryland]]. [[Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore|Lord Baltimore]] was so pleased with the map that he rewarded Herman with a large estate, named by Herman "[[Chesapeake City, Maryland|Bohemia Manor]]", and the hereditary title [[Lord]].

There was another Bohemian living in New Amsterdam at that time, [[Frederick Philipse]] (1626–1720), who became equally famous. He was a successful merchant who, eventually, became the wealthiest person in the entire Dutch Province. Philipse was originally from [[Bohemia]], from an aristocratic [[Protestant]] family who had to leave their native land to save their lives, after the [[Thirty Years' War]].

The first significant wave of Czech colonists was of the [[Moravian Brethren]] who began arriving on the American shores in the first half of the 18th century. [[Moravian Brethren]] were the followers of the teachings of the Czech religious reformer and martyr [[Jan Hus]] (1370–1415), [[Petr Chelčický]] and Bishop [[John Amos Comenius]] (1592–1670). They were true heirs of the ancient "Unitas fratrum bohemicorum" - [[Moravian Church|Unity of the Brethren]], who found a temporary refuge in [[Herrnhut]] ({{langx|cs|Ochranov}}) in Lusatia under the patronage of Count [[Nikolaus Zinzendorf]] (1700–1760). Because of the worsening political and religious situation in [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]], the Moravian Brethren, as they began calling themselves, decided to emigrate to North America.
[[File:Anton Cermak cph.3b27410.jpg|thumb|160px|Chicago's Czech-born mayor [[Anton Cermak]]]]

This group started coming in 1735, when they first settled in [[Savannah, Georgia]], and then in [[Pennsylvania]], from which they spread to other states after the [[American Revolution]], especially [[Ohio]]. The Moravians established a number of settlements, such as [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] and [[Lititz, Pennsylvania|Lititz]] in Pennsylvania and [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Salem]] in [[North Carolina]]. Moravians made great contributions to the growth and development of the United States. Cultural contributions of Moravian Brethren from the Czech lands were distinctly notable in the realm of music. The trumpets and horns used by the Moravians in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] are the first evidence of Moravian instrumental music in America.

In 1776, at the time of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], more than two thousand [[Moravian Brethren]] lived in the colonies. President [[Thomas Jefferson]] designated special lands to the missionaries to civilize the Indians and promote Christianity. The free uncultivated land in America encouraged immigration throughout the nineteenth century; most of the immigrants were farmers and settled in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern states]].<ref name="The transition of a new world Bohemia">{{cite web |last1=Jerabek |first1=Esther |title=The transition of a new world Bohemia |url=http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/15/v15i01p026-042.pdf |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |access-date=May 10, 2020 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224051452/http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/15/v15i01p026-042.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first major immigration of Czechs occurred in 1848 when the Czech "[[Forty-Eighters|Forty Eighters]]" fled to the United States to escape the political persecution by the [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian Habsburgs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr/Czech-Americans.html#ixzz48nHsLh8X|author=Christine Molinari |title=Czech americans |publisher=Countries and Their Cultures}}</ref> During the [[American Civil War]], Czechs served in both the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] and Union army, but as with most immigrant groups, the majority fought for the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]].

Immigration resumed and reached a peak in 1907, when 13,554 Czechs entered the eastern ports. Unlike previous immigration, new immigrants were predominantly [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]]. Although some of the [[Anti-clericalism|anticlericalism]] of the Czechs in Europe came to the United States, Czech Americans are, on the whole, much more likely to be practicing Catholics than Czechs in Europe.

By 1910, the Czech population was 349,000, and by 1940 it was 1,764,000. The [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Bureau of the Census]] reported that nearly 800,000 Czechs were residing in the U.S. in 1970. Since that figure did not include Czechs who had been living in the U.S. for several generations, it is reasonable to assume that the actual number was higher. Additionally, Czech immigrants in America often had different claims of origin in records. Before 1918, many Czechs would be listed as from Bohemia or Moravia or vaguely Austria or Silesia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cermak|first=Anton|title=United States Census, 1900|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MS3H-Y16|website=FamilySearch}}</ref> Some were also counted as from Germany if they were German-speakers or rarely Polish if the recorder could not distinguish the language.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Horack|first=Gottlieb|title=United States Census, 1930|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XH85-ZWL|website=FamilySearch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Svoboda|first=Peter|title=United States Census, 1930|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X4QV-YKH|website=FamilySearch}}</ref> [[Slovaks]] were often listed as from [[Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bukva|first=Paul|title=United States Census, 1910|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M5ZX-F72|website=FamilySearch}}</ref> After the formation of [[Czechoslovakia]] in 1918, Czechs and Slovaks were also listed under the new blanket category.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cermak|first=Anton|title=United States Census, 1930|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XSGW-33T|website=FamilySearch}}</ref>

The Czech American community gained a high public profile in 1911, with the kidnapping and murder in Chicago of the five-year old [[Elsie Paroubek]]. The Czech American community mobilized massively to help in the searches for the girl and support her family, and it gained much sympathy from the general American public.

While most Czech-Americans are white, some are [[Person of color|people of color]] or are Latino/Hispanic. A small group of Black Czech-Americans of Ethiopian descent lives in Baltimore.<ref name="a surprising reflection">{{cite news |url=http://www.citypaper.com/news/mobtownbeat/bcp-102616-mob-czech-fest-20161026-story.html |title=Baltimore's Czech and Slovak Festival is a surprising reflection on heritage |newspaper=[[Baltimore City Paper]] |access-date=2023-05-23 |archive-date=July 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723121550/http://www.citypaper.com/news/mobtownbeat/bcp-102616-mob-czech-fest-20161026-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In Texas, many Tejanos have Czech ancestry. Czech immigrants to Texas had a deep influence on Tejano culture, particularly [[Tejano music]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.utexas.edu/ensembles/conjunto |title=Conjunto |publisher=[[Sarah and Ernest Butler School of Music]] |accessdate=2023-05-23}}</ref>

=== Czechs in New York ===
For the majority of 19th and 20th centuries the Upper East Side of Manhattan was a middle-class neighborhood inhabited by Czech, Slovak, Irish, Polish, German and Hungarian immigrants. Czechs began to migrate in larger numbers in the second half of the 19th century, many of them being political refugees who emigrated after the wave of revolutions that swept through Europe in the year [[Revolutions of 1848|1848]].

Initially, they flocked to the Lower East Side, however due to the expansion of the German community, the Bohemians later started relocating together with the Hungarians to [[Yorkville, Manhattan|Yorkville]].

By the end of the 19th century, a large number of Czechs and Slovaks had already settled on the Upper East Side, most of them between 65th and 73th Streets – the area known as Little Bohemia. In 1900 the New York Times stated that there were about 75 000 Bohemians residing in New York, with about 55 000 of them living on the east side of Manhattan. The East 72nd Street was even nicknamed the “Bohemian Broadway”<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crosseite |first=Barbara |date=1976-09-10 |title=In Search of the Czechoslovak East Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/10/archives/in-search-of-the-czechoslovak-east-side.html |work=The New York Times |pages=68}}</ref> because of all the Czechs who lived there. This area contained a lot of Czech shops, pubs, clubs and theatres.

A 1924 article named “New York City and the Czechs” argued that “No part of the city could as much resemble Prague as Fiftieth Street and thereabouts up to Seventieth Street”. The article goes on to describe that there are tunnels, and even streets, which one can reach only through stone stairs two stories high, and also speaks of cobblestone pavements and vaulted alleys.

Although most of the neighborhood's traces have since disappeared, many Czech institutions can still be found in the area, including a school established in 1867, a Czech Gymnastic Association and community center named Sokol<ref>{{Cite news |last=Willoughby |first=Ian |date=2019-03-30 |title=Old Czech New York – a guided tour |url=https://english.radio.cz/old-czech-new-york-a-guided-tour-8134835 |work=Radio Prague International}}</ref> and also two churches.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crain |first=Esther |date=2021-04-21 |title=5 remnants of the old Czech neighborhood on the Upper East Side |url=https://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/2021/04/19/5-remnants-of-the-old-czech-neighborhood-on-the-upper-east-side/ |work=Ephemeral New York}}</ref>

==Population==
[[File:Czech1346.gif|thumb|right|300px|[[Maps of American ancestries|Distribution]] of Czech Americans according to the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]].]]

===The top 50 U.S. communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Czech ancestry===
The top 50 U.S. communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Czech ancestry are:<ref name="SFC">{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Czech.html |title=Ancestry Map of Czech Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |access-date=2011-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625045947/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Czech.html |archive-date=2019-06-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
#[[Conway, ND]] 55.2% <ref>American FactFinder, community facts-Conway City, North Dakota- Origins and languages- Census 2000
Selected Social Characteristics (Household and Family Type, Disability, Citizenship, Ancestry, Language, ...) http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150108070337/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|date=2015-01-08}} [https://www.census.gov]</ref>
#[[West, TX]] 40.9%
#[[Oak Creek Township, Saunders County, Nebraska|Oak Creek, NE]] 38.2%
#[[Wilber, NE]] 37.3%
#[[Shiner, TX]] 32.1%
#[[Montgomery, MN]] (township) 30.9%
#[[Lonsdale, MN]] 30.5%
#[[Wheatland Township, Rice County, Minnesota|Wheatland, MN]] 29.9%
#[[Tyndall, SD]] 29.5%
#[[David City, NE]] 28.0%
#[[Montgomery, MN]] (city) 26.3%
#[[Franklin, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin|Franklin, WI]] 26.1%
#[[Lanesburgh Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota|Lanesburgh, MN]] 25.2%
#[[Granger, TX]] 25.1%
#[[Port Costa, CA]] 24.0%
#[[Schulenburg, TX]] 23.7%
# (tie) [[New Prague, MN]]
# (tie) [[Erin Township, Rice County, Minnesota|Erin, MN]] 23.5%
#[[Wahoo, NE]] 22.7%
#[[Carlton, WI]] 22.4%
#[[Wallis, TX]] 22.0%
#[[Hallettsville, TX]] 21.5%
#[[Hale Township, McLeod County, Minnesota|Hale, MN]] 20.8%
#[[Montpelier, WI]] 19.7%
#[[Flatonia, TX]] 19.5%
#[[West Kewaunee, WI]] 19.2%
#[[Schuyler, NE]] and [[Webster Township, Dodge County, Nebraska|Webster, NE]] 19.0%
#[[Gibson, WI]] 18.9%
#[[Hillsboro, WI]] 18.4%
#[[Kossuth, WI]] 18.2%
#[[Lexington, MN]] 18.1%
#[[Mishicot, WI]] 16.9%
#[[Kewaunee, WI]] and [[North Bend, NE]] 16.7%
#[[Franklin, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin|Franklin, WI]] 15.9%
#[[Oak Grove, Barron County, Wisconsin|Oak Grove, WI]] and [[Caldwell, TX]] 15.7%
#[[Lake Mary Township, Douglas County, Minnesota|Lake Mary, MN]] 15.4%
#[[Solon, IA]] 15.2%
#[[Mishicot, WI]] 15.0%
#[[Helena Township, Scott County, Minnesota|Helena, MN]] 14.9%
#[[Marietta Township, Saunders County, Nebraska|Marietta, NE]] 14.7%
#[[Stickney, IL]] 14.5%
#[[Ord, NE]] (township) and [[Weimar, TX]] 14.3%
#[[Crete, NE]] 14.2%
#[[Park River, ND]] 14.1%
#[[Ord, NE]] (city) and [[La Grange, TX]] 14.0%
#[[Wagner, SD]] 13.6%
#[[Needville, TX]] 13.2%
#[[Calmar, IA]] and [[Worcester, WI]] 13.0%
#[[Webster Township, Rice County, Minnesota|Webster, MN]] 12.9%
#[[North Riverside, IL]] 12.4%
#[[Belle Plaine, IA]] 12.3%
#[[El Campo, TX]] 12.2%

===U.S. communities with the most residents born in the Czech Republic (former Czechoslovakia)===
The top U.S. communities with the most residents born in the Czech Republic (former Czechoslovakia) are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/top2/h59.html |title=Top 101 cities with the most residents born in Czechoslovakia (includes Czech Republic and Slovakia) (population 500+) |publisher=city-data.com |access-date=2011-01-29}}</ref>
#[[Masaryktown, FL]] 3.1%
#[[Mifflinville, PA]] 2.2%
#[[Gulf Shores, AL]] 2.1%
#[[North Riverside, IL]] and [[Sharon Springs, New York|Sharon Springs, NY]] 2.0%
#[[Lyons, IL]] 1.6%
#[[Rose, WI]], [[North Lynbrook, New York|North Lynbrook, NY]] and [[Anna Maria, FL]] 1.5%
#[[Oakbrook Terrace, IL]] and [[Danville, AR]] 1.4%
#[[Bee Ridge, FL]], [[Cameron, TX]], [[Lenox, MA]], [[Verdigre, NE]], and [[Willowbrook, DuPage County, Illinois|Willowbrook, IL]] 1.2%
#[[Lower Grand Lagoon, FL]], [[Beachwood, OH]], [[Allamuchy-Panther Valley, NJ]], [[Mahopac, NY]], [[Black Diamond, FL]], and [[Glenview, KY]] 1.1%
#[[Key West, FL]], [[Woodstock, NY]], [[Madison Park, NJ]], [[Belleair Beach, Florida|Belleair Beach, FL]], [[South Amboy, NJ]], [[Colver, PA]], [[Herricks, New York|Herricks, NY]], [[Horine, MO]], [[Shelburne, MA]], and [[Gang Mills, New York|Gang Mills, NY]] 1.0%

===The states with the largest Czech American populations===
The states with the largest Czech American populations are:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ameredia: Czech American Demographics |url=https://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/czech.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=www.ameredia.com}}</ref>
{|
|-
| [[Czech Texan|Texas]] || 155,855 </tr>
| [[Illinois]] || 123,708 </tr>
| [[Wisconsin]] || 97,220 </tr>
| [[Minnesota]] || 85,056 </tr>
| [[Nebraska]] || 83,462 </tr>
| [[California]]{{nbsp|2}} || 77,673 </tr>
| [[Ohio]] || 70,009 </tr>
| [[Iowa]] || 51,508 </tr>
| [[New York (state)|New York]] || 44,942 </tr>
| [[Florida]] || 42,890 </tr>
| [[Vermont]] || 38,000 </tr>
|}
However, these figures are grossly understated when second and third generation descendants are included.

===The states with the top percentages of Czech Americans===
The states with the top percentages of Czech Americans are:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech Population by State 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/czech-population-by-state |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>
{|
|-
| [[Nebraska]] || 5.5% </tr>
| [[South Dakota]]{{nbsp|2}} || 2.3% </tr>
| [[North Dakota]] || 2.2% </tr>
| [[Wisconsin]] || 2.1% </tr>
| [[Iowa]] || 2.1% </tr>
| [[Minnesota]] || 2.1% </tr>
| [[Illinois]] || 1.2% </tr>
| [[Montana]] || 1.0% </tr>
| [[Wyoming]] || 1.0% </tr>
|}

==Notable people==

{{main list|List of Czech Americans}}

== Festivals ==

{{More citations needed section|date=January 2020}}

Many cities in the United States hold festivals celebrating Czech culture and cuisine.
[[Image:Czech and Slovak Festival of Baltimore 01.JPG|thumb|200px|Czech and Slovak Heritage Festival in Parkville, Maryland, October 2014.]]
[[File:Praha texas.jpeg|thumb|right|Welcome to [[Praha, Texas]], "Czech Capital of Texas".]]
*Iowa
**[[Cedar Rapids, Iowa]] - Saint Ludmila's Church - June
**[[Protivin, Iowa]] - Czech Days. August
*Kansas
**[[Wilson, Kansas]] - Czech Festival, last weekend in July.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wilsonks.com/czech_festival.htm |title=Wilson, KS - Czech Festival |publisher=Wilsonks.com |access-date=2012-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512023949/http://www.wilsonks.com/czech_festival.htm |archive-date=2012-05-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Maryland
**[[Parkville, Maryland]] - Czech and Slovak Heritage Festival. Started in 1987 to celebrate Baltimore's [[History of the Czechs in Baltimore|Czech]] and Slovak heritage.
*Minnesota
**[[Bechyn, Minnesota]] - Czechfest. 2nd Sunday in August.
**[[Montgomery, Minnesota]]
***Kolacky Days. 4th full weekend in July. Started in 1929.
***Masopust. Sunday prior to Ash Wednesday
***Miss Czech Slovak Minnesota Pageant - April
**[[New Prague, Minnesota]] - [[Dożynki|Dozinky]] Festival - September
**[[St. Paul, Minnesota]] - Czech and Slovak Festival - September
*Nebraska
**[[Wilber, Nebraska]] - Wilber Czech Days
**[[Verdigre, Nebraska]] - Kolach Days
**[[Clarkson, Nebraska]] - Clarkson Czech Days
*Oklahoma
**[[Prague, Oklahoma]] - Kolache Festival, First Saturday in May
**[[Yukon, Oklahoma]] - Yukon Czech Festival, 1st Saturday in October
*Ohio
**DTJ Taborville in [[Auburn Township, Geauga County, Ohio]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events |url=https://www.dtjtaborville.com/events.htm |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=www.dtjtaborville.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-04 |title=DTJ Taborville Harvest Festival Patterned After 'Old Country' Original |url=https://www.geaugamapleleaf.com/news/dtj%e2%80%88taborville-harvest-festival-patterned-after-old-country-original/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=Geauga County Maple Leaf {{!}} Your News Resource in Geauga County |language=en}}</ref>
***Cesky Den (Czech Day), 2nd Sunday in July, since 1923
***Obzinky, 2nd Sunday in August, since 1934
*South Dakota
**[[Tabor, South Dakota]] - Czech Days, third Friday and Saturday in June - www.taborczechdays.com
*Texas <ref>{{cite web|url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/culture/czech/czech-texans|title=Czech Texans |date=17 November 2017 |publisher=Texas Almanac |access-date=2018-07-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czechs.org/pages/toca01.html |title=Czech Festivals |publisher=Czechs.org |access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Edita Rybak |author2=Chris Rybak |author3=Bernard Tupa |url=http://www.texasczechs.com/events |title=Events |publisher=Texasczechs.com |access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref>
**[[Ennis, Texas]] - [[National Polka Festival]]
**[[Weimar, Texas|Weimar]]
**[[Hallettsville, Texas|Hallettsville]] 4th weekend in March and last Saturday of September
**[[Shiner, Texas|Shiner]] Several lesser Czech and Kolache festivals are held in Shiner varying in size, occasion and date, where Shiner's largest contribution to Kolache festivities conjoins with the [[Hallettsville, Texas|Hallettsville]] Kolache Festival and the annual Bocktober festival.
**[[Yoakum, Texas|Yoakum]] 2nd week of June as part of the annual Tom-Tom Festival
**[[Missouri City, Texas|Missouri City]]
**[[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]] 3rd Saturday in March
**[[Houston]] 4th Sunday in March and 3rd Sunday in May
**[[Rosenberg, Texas|Rosenberg]] First full weekend in May
**[[Ennis, Texas|Ennis]] Memorial Day Weekend
**[[San Antonio]] First weekend in June and Last Sunday in October
**[[East Bernard, Texas|East Bernard]] Second Saturday in June
**[[Ammannsville, Texas|Ammannsville]] Father's Day
**[[Dubina, Texas|Dubina]] First Sunday in July
**[[Praha, Texas|Praha]] August 15
**[[Flatonia, Texas|Flatonia]] Czilispiel during the last full weekend in October
**[[Marak, Texas|Marak]] Last Sunday in August
**[[West, Texas|West]] Labor Day Weekend
**[[Caldwell, Texas|Caldwell]] Second Saturday in September
**[[Pasadena, Texas|Pasadena]] 4th weekend in October
**[[Crosby, Texas|Crosby]] Annual Czech Fest is held the first Saturday in October. Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Crosby is the festivals organizer and was the original site of the festival. However, as the festival and Crosby have grown it has been held at the Crosby Fair and Rodeo grounds since about 1990.
**[[Temple, Texas|Temple]]
**[[Libuse, Louisiana|Libuse]] Annual celebration held by the Louisiana Czech Heritage Association. Includes attractions such as Czech cuisine, Czech dancers, and a showing of the history of the Czech community in Libuse, Louisiana.
*Wisconsin
**[[Hillsboro, Wisconsin]] - Český den, second full weekend in June. Started in 1983.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cesky Den |publisher=City of Hillsboro |url=http://www.hillsborowi.com/index.asp?SEC=E6983572-C6CF-42AC-81F0-CC43A8A8D9E4&DE=F40D6992-0F41-4160-BF5E-C6A7E7C17859&Type=B_LOC}}</ref>
**[[Kewaunee, Wisconsin]] - Czech & Kolache Festival, the 1st full weekend in August at the beautiful Heritage Farm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agriculturalheritage.org/?page_id=336 |title=NorthEastern Wisconsin CZECH & KOLACHE Festival|publisher=Agricultural Heritage & Resources |access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>
**[[Phillips, Wisconsin]] - Czech-Slovak Festival and Lidice & Ležáky Villages Memorial Service, 3rd full weekend in June. Started in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czech-slovak-festival.com/ |title=Vitame vas Phillips, Wisconsin Czech-Slovak Festival |access-date=2016-05-15}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Czech Republic|United States}}
* [[Czech Brazilians]]
* [[Czech Canadians]]
* [[Czech Texans]]
* [[Czech South Dakotans]]
* [[Demographics of the Czech Republic]]
* [[European Americans]]
* [[Czech Republic–United States relations]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Bicha, Karel. ''The Czechs in Oklahoma'' (U of Oklahoma Press, 1980).
* Capek, Thomas. ''The Czechs (Bohemians) in America''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920; reprinted New York: Arno Press, 1969.
* Epstein, Helen. ''Where She Came From: A Daughter's Search for her Mother's History''. Holmes & Meier, 1997.
* Grossman, Patricia. ''Radiant Daughter''. Northwestern University Press, 2010.
* Habenicht, Jan. ''History of Czechs in America.'' St. Paul, MN: [[Czechoslovak Genealogical Society International]], 1996.
* Hampl, Patricia. ''A Romantic Education''. Houghton Mifflin, 1981.
*{{cite journal |last1=Labendz |first1=Jacob Ari |title="In unserem Kreise": Czech-Jewish Activism and Diaspora in the USA, 1933–1994 |journal=American Jewish History |date=2021 |volume=105 |issue=3 |pages=371–401 |doi=10.1353/ajh.2021.0035 |s2cid=245162560 |issn=1086-3141}}
* Laska, Vera. ''The Czechs in America, 1633-1977'' (Oceana Publications, 1978).
* Molinari, Christine. "Czech Americans." in ''Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,'' edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 619-632. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300059/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=37866928 online]
* Rechcigl, Miloslav, Jr. ''Czechs and Slovaks in America''. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs and New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
* Rechcigl, Miloslav, Jr. ''Encyclopedia of Bohemian and Czech American Biography''. Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse, 2016. 3 vols.
* Roucek, Joseph Slabey (1934). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2767045 The Passing of American Czechoslovaks]". ''American Journal of Sociology''. 39 (5): 611–625. ISSN 0002-9602.
* Smith, Philip D. ''From Praha to Prague: Czechs in an Oklahoma Farm Town'' (U of Oklahoma Press, 2017).

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061004094947/http://www.svu2000.org/cs_america/bmcolonial.htm Bohemian and Moravian Pioneers in Colonial America]
*[http://www.jewishgen.org/BohMor/early_immig.html Early Jewish Emigrants in America from the Czech lands]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061004094853/http://www.svu2000.org/whatwedo/c5gc5.htm Czech Societies in the US]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013057/http://www.svu2000.org/headlines/CS.America.doc Writings on Czech Americans]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071016143608/http://blisty.cz/2007/6/1/art34557.html Czech American Biography]

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