Jean Orry

2024-10-06T16:08:52Z

85.87.86.151:

{{Short description|French economist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jean Orry
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Jean Louis Orry
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1652|09|04|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1719|09|29|1652|09|04|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Paris]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| office = [[File:Lesser Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1700-1868 and 1834-1930) Pillars of Hercules Variant.svg|37px]] <br>[[List of ministers of economy and the treasury of Spain|General Treasury Overseer]] of [[History of Spain (1700–1808)|Bourbon Spain]]
| monarch = [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]]
| predecessor = José de Grimado (as Secretary of State of War and Tresury)
| successor = Marquess of Vadillo (as General Superintendent of the Treasury)
| 1blankname = [[List of prime ministers of Spain|Secretary of the Universal Bureau]]
| 1namedata = [[José de Grimaldo]]
| term_end = 15 May 1715
| term_start = 30 November 1714
}}
'''Jean Orry''' (4 September 1652 – 29 September 1719) was a French economist.{{sfnp|Hargreaves-Mawdsley|1979|p=17}}

==Life==
===Early career===
Jean Orry was born in Paris on 4 September 1652 to Charles Orry, a merchant, and Madelaine le Cosquyno.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jean Orry Family Tree |url=https://gw.geneanet.org/catmed?lang=en&pz=marie+georges&nz=picquart&ocz=0&p=jean&n=orry |website=Geneanet |access-date=9 July 2019}}</ref>

Orry studied law and entered Royal service as a lawyer, becoming a munitioneer for the army of Italy between 1690 and 1698, where he was able to demonstrate his skill at planning and organisation.{{sfnp|Ozanam|1989|p=}} In 1701, at the start of the [[Spanish War of Succession]], Orry purchased his nobility and became an adviser to [[Louis XIV of France]].{{sfnp|Ozanam|1989|p=}}

===Work in Spain===

Orry was sent to Spain by King Louis in 1701.{{sfnp|Crowley|2002|p=58}} There, Orry joined the self-styled [[Marie-Anne de la Trémoille, princesse des Ursins|Princesse des Ursins]] as the ''de facto'' rulers of Spain.{{sfnp|Kuethe|Andrien|2014|p=41}} Towards the end of his term there, by a royal decree composed by Orry on 23 December 1713, traditional local governments (the ''[[Cortes Generales|Cortes]]'') were centralized by the creation of twenty-one provinces. These ''Consejos Territoriales'' were superseded by an [[intendant]] directly responsible to Orry. Some of the local councils, such as the ''[[Council of Castile]]'' retained influence through less direct channels.{{fact|date=October 2021}}

===Dismissal from Spain===
Orry was dismissed through pressures brought to bear by the Parmesan contingent round the new queen, [[Elisabetta Farnese]], and [[Giulio Alberoni]].{{sfnp|Frey|Frey|1995|p=153}} Orry was ordered from Spain on 7 February 1715. The King signed the ''Decreto de Nueva Planta'' later that year, revoking most of the historical rights and privileges of the different kingdoms that conformed the Spanish Crown, unifying them under the laws of Castile, where the [[Parliament|Cortes]] regained some of its power.{{sfnp|Kuethe|Andrien|2014|p=41}}

===Legacy===
[[Giulio Alberoni]], the cardinal who succeeded him in power, continued the main lines of his financial reorganization and his repression of the power of the royal councils in favour of a bureaucracy wholly dependent upon the central power. Orry's creation of [[Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)|secretaries of state]] and intendants continued as a significant element in Spanish governmental administration.{{sfnp|Sanchez|2016|p=32}}

==See also==
*[[Bourbon Reforms]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Anne Dubet, 2006. ''Jean Orry et la réforme du gouvernement de l'Espagne (1701-1706)'' (Clermont-Ferrand)

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Crowley |first1=Patrick |title=Before and beyond EMU historical lessons and future prospects |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1134458053}}
*{{cite book |last1=Frey |first1=Linda |last2=Frey |first2=Marsha |title=The treaties of the War of the Spanish Succession : an historical and critical dictionary |date=1995 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |isbn=0313278849}}
*{{cite book |last1=Kuethe |first1=Allan |last2=Andrien |first2=Kenneth |title=The Spanish Atlantic world in the eighteenth century : war and the Bourbon reforms, 1713-1796 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-1107043572}}
*{{cite book |last1=Hargreaves-Mawdsley |first1=W.N. |title=Eighteenth-Century Spain 1700–1788: A Political, Diplomatic and Institutional History |date=1979 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |isbn=1349018031}}
*{{cite book |last1=Ozanam |first1=Denise |title=Jean Orry, munitionnaire du roi, 1690-1698 |date=1989 |publisher=[[Imprimerie Nationale]]}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sanchez |first1=Rafael |title=Military entrepreneurs and the Spanish contractor state in the eighteenth century |date=2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0198784111}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orry, Jean}}
[[Category:1652 births]]
[[Category:1719 deaths]]
[[Category:French economists]]
[[Category:17th-century French people]]
[[Category:18th-century French people]]
[[Category:18th century in Spain]]

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Jean Orry