wiki143 - User contributions [en]

WZON

2025-05-10T12:38:51Z

84.232.151.72:

{{Short description|Radio station in Bangor, Maine, United States}}
{{for|the radio station in Dover-Foxcroft, Maine, that held the call sign WZON-FM at 103.1 FM from 2009 to 2012|WZLO}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox radio station
| name = WZON
| above = Currently [[Dark (broadcasting)|silent]]
| logo = WZON620.png
| city = [[Bangor, Maine]]
| country = US
| area = [[Penobscot County, Maine]]
| branding = Z62
| frequency = 620 [[Hertz|kHz]]
| repeater =
| airdate = {{start date and age|1926|12|30}}
| format = [[Classic hits]]
| power = {{ubl|5,000 watts day|620 watts night}}
| class = B
| licensing_authority = [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]]
| facility_id = 66674
| coordinates = {{coord|44|49|47.25|N|68|47|0.13|W|region:US-ME_type:landmark|name=WZON|display=inline,title}}
| callsign_meaning = ''[[The Dead Zone (novel)|The Dead Zone]]''<ref name="oldradio-wzonmeaning">{{cite web |url=http://nelson.oldradio.com/origins.call-list.html |title=Call Letter Origins: The List |access-date=May 24, 2010 |last=Nelson |first=Bob |date=May 10, 2010 |work=Oldradio.com}}</ref>
| former_callsigns = {{ubl|WLBZ (1926–1981)|WACZ (1981–1983)}}
| affiliations = [[CBS News Radio]]
| owner = [[Stephen King|Stephen]] and [[Tabitha King]]
| licensee = [[The Zone Corporation]]
| sister_stations = [[WZLO]]
| webcast = {{listenlive|url=https://radio.securenetsystems.net/radio_player_large.cfm?stationCallSign=WZON}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.wzonam.com/}}
}}

'''WZON''' (620 [[AM broadcasting|AM]]) is a radio station that is currently [[Dark (broadcasting)|silent]]. The station is licensed to [[Bangor, Maine|Bangor]] and serves Central [[Maine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/amq?call=WZON |title=WZON Facility Record |work=United States [[Federal Communications Commission]], audio division }}</ref>

Along with sister station 103.1 [[WZLO]], WZON is owned by [[The Zone Corporation]], the broadcast company owned by authors [[Tabitha King]] and her husband, best-selling horror writer [[Stephen King]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zoneradio.com/wzon/am620wzon.html |title=WZON website "about us" page |access-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210224414/http://zoneradio.com/wzon/am620wzon.html |archive-date=February 10, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> WZON transmits with 5,000 watts, using a non-directional [[transmitter]] by day and a directional pattern at night to protect other stations on 620 kHz.

WZON is one of [[Maine]]'s oldest radio stations, first signing on the air in 1926 as WLBZ in [[Dover-Foxcroft, Maine|Dover-Foxcroft]]. It moved to Bangor in 1928. The station became WACZ in 1981, and WZON after its purchase by Stephen King in 1983. King sold the station in 1990, but repurchased WZON out of bankruptcy in 1993. He closed the station and WZLO on December 31, 2024, due to ongoing financial losses; a sale of the two stations to Mix Maine Media is pending.

==Programming==
Until December 31, 2024, WZON primarily broadcast a [[classic hits]] format. It also aired a local afternoon [[Talk radio|talk show]], ''Downtown with Rich Kimball'', which featured a national guest list including filmmaker [[Ken Burns]], actors [[Stephen Tobolowsky]], [[Peri Gilpin]], comedians [[Paula Poundstone]] and [[Lewis Black]], and musicians like [[Rosanne Cash]], [[Jimmy Webb]], and [[Peter Asher]]. Local newscasts from Bangor [[CBS]] affiliate [[WABI-TV]] were carried in the early morning and in the early evening. Hourly national news was supplied by [[CBS News Radio]].

==History==
WZON is one of the oldest radio stations in Maine. The station signed on December 30, 1926,<ref name="hobme">{{cite book|title=The History of Broadcasting in Maine: The First Fifty Years|last=Thompson|first=Ellie|date=1990|publisher=Maine Association of Broadcasters|isbn=09627719-0-2}}</ref>{{rp|15}}<ref name="by1989">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting/Cable Yearbook 1989|year=1989|page=B-132|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1989/B-1%20Radio%20Ala%20to%20Mont%201989-5.pdf|access-date=May 23, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410012914/http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1989/B-1%20Radio%20Ala%20to%20Mont%201989-5.pdf|archive-date=April 10, 2011}}</ref> as WLBZ, owned by Thompson L. Guernsey and operating from [[Dover-Foxcroft, Maine|Dover-Foxcroft]].{{r|hobme|p=15}} The station grew out of an [[experimental radio station]], 1EE, that had been licensed to Guernsey in 1921; WLBZ's first broadcast, using modified 1EE equipment, originated from Guernsey's home, in the harness room of the chicken house.{{r|hobme|p=15}} In 1928, the station moved from 1440 kHz to 620 kHz<ref name="radex0129">{{cite journal|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%2026%20January%201929.pdf|journal=Radex|date=January 1929|access-date=May 23, 2010|editor1-first=F. C.|editor1-last=Butler|page=19|publisher=The Radex Group|location=[[Cleveland, Ohio]]|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309112950/http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%2026%20January%201929.pdf|archive-date=March 9, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and relocated to Bangor, occupying studios in the Andrews Music House previously used by [[WTOS (AM)|WABI]].{{r|hobme|p=15}} The following year, the station was transferred to Maine Broadcasting Company,<ref name="radex0429">{{cite journal |url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%2028%20April%201929%20All.pdf |journal=Radex|date=April 1929|access-date=May 23, 2010 |editor1-first=Fred C. |editor1-last=Butler |page=37 |publisher=The Radex Group |location=Cleveland, Ohio |title=Archived copy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514043217/http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%2028%20April%201929%20All.pdf|archive-date=May 14, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> which was controlled by Guernsey,<ref name="by1935">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1935|year=1935|page=32|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Broadcasting%201935%20Yearbook%20Page%20Range%20Guide_files/Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201935%201-100.pdf|access-date=May 23, 2010}}</ref> and opened a studio in [[Waterville, Maine|Waterville]]. WLBZ became a [[CBS Radio Network|CBS]] affiliate by 1930;<ref name="radex1230">{{cite journal|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%2044%20December%201930.pdf|journal=Radex|date=December 1930|access-date=May 23, 2010|editor1-first=Fred Clayton|editor1-last=Butler|page=37|publisher=The Radex Group|location=Cleveland, Ohio|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514043447/http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%2044%20December%201930.pdf|archive-date=May 14, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> it was the network's first affiliate in Maine.{{r|hobme|p=99}} In 1939, it switched to [[NBC Red Network|NBC]].<ref name="radex1039">{{cite journal|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%20132%20October%201939%20All.pdf|journal=Radex|date=October 1939|access-date=May 23, 2010|editor1-first=Page|editor1-last=Taylor|page=65|publisher=The Radex Publishing Company|location=[[Teaneck, New Jersey]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514174444/http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20Radex/Radex%20132%20October%201939%20All.pdf|archive-date=May 14, 2011|title=Radio Index}}</ref> Guernsey closed the Waterville studio in 1935 for financial reasons, but reestablished a presence in the city in 1938.{{r|hobme|p=18}}

Guernsey first attempted to sell the station to the Rines family, owner of [[WZAN|WCSH]] in [[Portland, Maine|Portland]], in 1938;<ref name="rfl-saletorines">{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Frederic L.|title=The Rines Family Legacy|year=2005|publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]]|isbn=0-7385-3882-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbHBe0VA4IIC&q=WLBZ+Rines&pg=PA98|access-date=May 23, 2010|page=98|chapter=William Henry Rines and Images in the Ether}}</ref> Rines was seeking to assemble a statewide network of stations.{{r|hobme|p=99}} Guernsey did not complete the deal, leading the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) to dismiss the application on June 18, 1940.<ref name="b-nosaletorines">{{cite news|title=Bangor Decision of FCC Appealed|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC/BC%201940/BC%201940%2007%2015.pdf|access-date=December 15, 2010|newspaper=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|date=July 15, 1940|page=63|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324062300/http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC/BC%201940/BC%201940%2007%2015.pdf|archive-date=March 24, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, in 1944, to help pay off an outstanding note, Guernsey was forced to sell WLBZ at auction to the Rines-controlled Eastland Broadcasting Company.<ref name="b-soldtoeastland">{{cite news|title=WLBZ Transfer Granted Eastland Broadcasting|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC/BC%201944/BC%201944%2002%2007.pdf|access-date=December 15, 2010|newspaper=Broadcasting|date=February 7, 1944|page=14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324062338/http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC/BC%201944/BC%201944%2002%2007.pdf|archive-date=March 24, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> A television sister station was added in 1958, when the Rines' Maine Broadcasting Company acquired WTWO (channel 2)<ref name="lds-wtwobuy">{{cite news |title=Maine Broadcasting Gets Bangor Station |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RpYgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OGgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6205%2C1831741 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Lewiston Daily Sun]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 20, 1958 |page=19}}</ref> and renamed it [[WLBZ|WLBZ-TV]].<ref name="b-wtwotowlbz">{{cite news |title=Marcoux Appointed to WLBZ-TV |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]] |date=June 30, 1958 |page=84}}</ref>

By 1973, WLBZ had a [[Middle of the road (music)|middle-of-the-road]] music format;<ref name="by1974">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1974|year=1974|page=B-93|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1974/B%201%201974%20YB.pdf|access-date=May 23, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008152748/http://davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1974/B%201%201974%20YB.pdf|archive-date=October 8, 2010}}</ref> on September 1, 1975, this gave way to an [[All-news radio|all-news]] format via NBC's News and Information Service (NIS).<ref name="bdn-wlbznis">{{cite news |title=WLBZ radio assumes 'all-news' format Sept. 1 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aQQ1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ek8KAAAAIBAJ&pg=1950%2C5436395 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News|Maine Event]] |date=August 29, 1975 |page=15}}</ref><ref name="by1977">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1977|year=1977|page=C-92|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1977/C-1%20Radio%20Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201977.pdf|access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref> WLBZ returned to its a modified version of its previous format, featuring more "uptempo" songs, on May 16, 1977,<ref name="bdn-wlbznonis">{{cite news |title=WLBZ radio to reinstate music format |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xgs0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=CSMIAAAAIBAJ&pg=4409%2C5384967 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News|Maine Event]] |date=May 13, 1977 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="by1977">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1977|year=1977|page=C-92|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1977/C-1%20Radio%20Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201977.pdf|access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref><ref name="by1978">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1978|year=1978|page=C-95|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Broadcasting%201978%20Yearbook/C%20Radio%20Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201978%20Full-5.pdf|access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref> ahead of NBC's closure of NIS; station manager Edward Owen told the ''[[Bangor Daily News]]'' that Bangor did not have the population density to sustain an all-news format, noting that WCSH in Portland would continue as an all-news station locally.<ref name="bdn-wlbznonis"/> The change came a week after WLBZ radio and WLBZ-TV, along with WCSH radio and [[WCSH|WCSH-TV]], began jointing promoting themselves as "NewsCenter".<ref name="bdn-wlbznonis"/>

In February 1978, the station transitioned to a [[top 40]] format as "Z-62"; the change was completed on March 1.<ref name="bdn-wlbzz62">{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Christine |title=Radio wars: 'Rocking' the boat |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j3IzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=aiMIAAAAIBAJ&pg=2199%2C3659762 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=February 25–26, 1978 |page=ME 3}}</ref><ref name="by1979">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1979|year=1979|page=C-97|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1979/C-1%20Radio%20Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201979-12.pdf|access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref> The change put WLBZ in direct competition with existing top 40 station [[WNSW (Maine)|WGUY]];<ref name="bdn-wlbzz62"/> that station's owner, Stone Communications, would sue Maine Broadcasting in 1979 over WLBZ's hiring of four former WGUY staffers in connection to the format change.<ref name="bdn-wguysueswlbz">{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Maureen |title=WGUY radio sues competitor |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ufs0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=B08KAAAAIBAJ&pg=2850%2C4721662 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=September 17, 1979 |page=31}}</ref> WLBZ, which had been one of Bangor's lowest-rated stations,<ref name="bdn-wlbzz62"/> rose to the top of the ratings as a top 40 station, while WGUY's ratings declined.<ref name="bdn-wguysueswlbz"/>

The Maine Broadcasting System decided to sell their radio stations in the early 1980s to focus on their television properties;<ref name="bostonradio-salefromrines">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonradio.org/essays/maine-hist|title=Maine Radio History, 1971–1996|last=Fybush|first=Scott|publisher=Archives @ BostonRadio.org|access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref> as early as 1979, the [[Acton, Massachusetts]]–based Acton Corporation had expressed interest in acquiring WLBZ radio, which was described as "not making any money".<ref name="bdn-saletoacton">{{cite news |last1=Mills |first1=Dennis |title=Bay State firm eyes WLBZ-Radio purchase |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zxA9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=VS4MAAAAIBAJ&pg=4818%2C6273370 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=July 31, 1979 |page=21}}</ref> The $550,000 sale to Acton, which also owned [[WKFD|WMYD]] in [[Wickford, Rhode Island]], was reached in 1980;<ref name="b-saletoacton">{{cite news |title=Changing Hands |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]] |date=April 20, 1980 |pages=60–61}}</ref> the following year, Acton changed the [[call sign]] to WACZ,<ref name="by1983">{{cite book|title=Broadcasting/Cablecasting Yearbook 1983|year=1983|page=B-107|url=http://www.davidgleason.com/Archive%20BC-YB/1983/B%20Radio%20Ala-Mt%201983%20YB%20No%20Cover-4.pdf|access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref> though the "Z-62" branding remained in place.<ref name="bdn-waczz62">{{cite news |last1=De Paul |first1=Tony |title=Radiothon to raise funds for Vietnam War shrine |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YAc0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ByMIAAAAIBAJ&pg=4944%2C633731 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=April 2, 1982 |page=22}}</ref>

On May 26, 1983, writer [[Stephen King]] announced his intention to purchase WACZ from Acton.<ref name="ten-saletoking">{{cite news |title=Author buys station |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=b91GAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oy0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2471%2C3217247 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=The Evening News |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=May 27, 1983 |page=2A |location=[[Newburgh, New York]]}}</ref> The $575,000 deal put the station under the ownership of the Zone Corporation,<ref name="b-saletozone">{{cite news |title=Changing Hands |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]] |date=July 11, 1983 |page=45}}</ref> which King formed with his wife [[Tabitha King|Tabitha]] and his business advisor Arthur Greene; King had planned on calling the company the Christine Corporation (after his [[Christine (King novel)|then most-recent novel]]), but the name was already in use by a Maine corporation.<ref name="bdn-wacztowzon">{{cite news |last1=Grosswiler |first1=Paul |title=Stephen King has no diabolical plan for radio station |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DCw0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=P-EIAAAAIBAJ&pg=2732%2C2764772 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=July 23–24, 1983 |page=ME 3}}</ref> King announced that he would change WACZ's call sign to WZON, but pledged no other immediate changes; he also vowed that he did not intend to run the money-losing station as a tax loss.<ref name="bdn-wacztowzon"/> The sale was completed on the night of October 31.<ref name="bdn-saletokingcomplete">{{cite news |title=King celebrates Halloween by purchasing radio station |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=F54zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RjgHAAAAIBAJ&pg=3425%2C1494369 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |agency=[[United Press International]] |date=November 5–6, 1983 |page=26}}</ref>

Though WZON attracted a loyal audience, it was financially unsuccessful,<ref name="sj-wzonsales">{{cite news|title=Stephen King buys Maine radio station|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=G4ogAAAAIBAJ&dq=wzon&pg=1394%2C2631110|access-date=May 24, 2010|newspaper=[[Sun Journal (Lewiston)|Sun Journal]]|date=March 12, 1993|agency=Associated Press|location=[[Lewiston, Maine]]}}</ref> leading King to lay off the station's airstaff in late 1987 and consider selling or closing WZON.<ref name="bdn-saletotozer">{{cite news |last1=Kekacs |first1=Andrew |title=King silent on sale of WZON |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xLBJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zg4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1587%2C918650 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=April 4, 1990 |page=22}}</ref> After reconsidering this plan, on September 1, 1988, the station—still branded "Z-62" and by then focused on [[rock 'n' roll]] and [[blues]]—was transferred to Bangor Public Communications, headed by King, and began operating on a noncommercial basis.<ref name="bdn-wzonnoncom">{{cite news |title=Stephen King's radio station drops commercials |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2P9aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-U0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=4257%2C561020 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=September 2, 1988 |page=22}}</ref> Under this model, WZON asked for contributions from its listeners — similar to [[public radio]] stations.<ref name="bio-wzonpubcaster">{{cite book |last=Rogak |first=Lisa |title=Haunted Heart: The Life and Times of Stephen King |year=2008 |publisher=[[Thomas Dunne Books]] |isbn=978-0-312-37732-8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bTaQN6slXbcC&q=WZON+noncommercial&pg=PA161|access-date=May 24, 2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312377328/page/161 161] |chapter=The Long Walk |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312377328/page/161}}</ref> King indicated that he had long planned to start a commercial-free rock 'n' roll station.<ref name="bdn-wzonnoncom"/>

King sold the station to Dr. John Tozer in 1990,<ref name=sj-wzonsales /> in a $185,750 deal.<ref name="b-saletotozer">{{cite news |title=For the Record |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]] |page=72 |date=May 28, 1990}}</ref> Tozer, a Bangor dentist,<ref name="bdn-saletotozer"/> returned WZON to commercial operation that August with a [[talk radio|talk]] and [[Sports radio|sports]] format, including CBS Radio Network newscasts and features.<ref name="bdn-wzontalk">{{cite news |last1=McGarrigle |first1=Dale |title=WZON radio goes from rock 'n' roll to talk 'n' sports |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=daZJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Dg4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5577%2C2868728 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=October 9, 1990 |page=19}}</ref> It was the first station in Bangor to carry [[Rush Limbaugh]].

WZON remained unprofitable, and after two years Tozer sold the station to Nancy E. Boyd's NEB Communications.<ref name=sj-wzonsales /> Danny C. Lennon, reported to be Boyd's husband, then began managing the station.<ref name="bdn-wzonlennon">{{cite news |last1=Kekacs |first1=Andrew |title=Questions arise concerning WZON |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=abFJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1w4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2662%2C2854797 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=October 10–11, 1992 |page=33}}</ref> WZON's financial problems continued, with employees' paychecks bouncing and NEB falling behind on payments to both Tozer and King (who still owned the station's studios), and within months the station was forced into bankruptcy.<ref name=sj-wzonsales /> Lennon had previously been convicted of [[mail fraud]] in Connecticut in 1990.<ref name="bdn-wzonlennon"/> In March 1993, a bankruptcy court judge approved a sale of the station back to King,<ref name=sj-wzonsales /> again through the Zone Corporation.<ref name="bdn-salebacktoking">{{cite news |last1=Kekacs |first1=Andrew |title=King ends horror story, buys back radio station |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9I0-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=1VkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5972%2C3355598 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=March 12, 1993 |pages=17–18}}</ref>

In August 1993, Stephen King began to shift WZON to an all-sports format as "The Sports Zone";<ref name="bdn-wzonsports">{{cite news|title=Dale Duff to head expanded sports coverage at WZON|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dYUzAAAAIBAJ&pg=2482%2C2843104|access-date=May 24, 2010|newspaper=[[Bangor Daily News]]|date=August 25, 1993|first=Ron|last=Brown}}</ref> the last non-sports shows, including Limbaugh and [[Larry King]], were dropped in January 1994.<ref name="bdn-wzonfromandtopolitics">{{cite news|last=Neff|first=Andrew|title=WZON is making a lineup change|url=http://new.bangordailynews.com/2010/10/18/sports/wzon-is-making-a-lineup-change/|access-date=October 19, 2010|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|date=October 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028064411/http://new.bangordailynews.com/2010/10/18/sports/wzon-is-making-a-lineup-change/|archive-date=October 28, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of WZON's talk programs, including Limbaugh and local morning show ''Leo and Paul'', moved to FM station WSNV,<ref name="bdn-wsnvrush">{{cite news |title=Limbaugh moves |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1eAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5DgHAAAAIBAJ&pg=1309%2C4441782 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=December 31, 1993 |page=18}}</ref> which eventually became [[WVOM-FM|WVOM]].<ref name="bdn-wsnvtowvom">{{cite news |last1=McDonald |first1=Michael |title=Talking the talk |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ea5JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mA4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3023%2C3887153 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=May 30, 1997 |page=A6}}</ref> WZON again dropped its affiliation with NBC Radio in 1999, switching to [[ABC News Radio]].<ref name="nerw-wzondropsnbc">{{cite news|last=Fybush|first=Scott|title=Rhythmic Oldies Claim Hartford, Rochester FMs|url=http://www.bostonradio.org/nerw/nerw-990507.html|newspaper=North East RadioWatch|date=May 7, 1999}}</ref>

Stephen King expanded his Bangor-area radio holdings in 1995, when he purchased [[WKIT-FM]] and [[WNSW (Maine)|WNSW]] (the former WGUY) in [[Brewer, Maine|Brewer]] from H & L Broadcasting.<ref name="bdn-wkitwnswbuy">{{cite news |title=Stephen King buys 2 more radio stations |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dbhJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ww4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=6027%2C348313 |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 17–18, 1995 |page=A5}}</ref> After WNSW shut down on October 24, 1995, [[Boston Bruins]] hockey joined the WZON lineup.<ref name="bdn-wnswclosure">{{cite news |last1=Kessell |first1=Doug |title=Bangor AM radio station signs off |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CahJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ig4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5280%2C2509895 |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=October 25, 1995 |page=A5}}</ref> In 2001, the Kings purchased WDME-FM in [[Dover-Foxcroft, Maine|Dover-Foxcroft]] from Mid-Maine Media;<ref name="bdn-saletozone">{{cite news |last1=Neff |first1=Andrew |title=WDME will air local sports |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=86RJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ng0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=6423%2C858252 |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=April 5, 2001 |pages=C7, D1}}</ref> that station began simulcasting WZON by March 2009,<ref name="nerw-wzononwdme">{{cite news |last1=Fybush |first1=Scott |title=CSB School of Broadcasting Folds |url=https://www.fybush.com/NERW/2009/090309/nerw.html |access-date=December 13, 2024 |work=NorthEast Radio Watch |date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> and changed its call sign to WZON-FM that August.<ref name="nerw-wdmetowzonfm">{{cite news |last1=Fybush |first1=Scott |title=WAEB Tower Downed |url=http://www.fybush.com/NERW/2009/090831/nerw.html |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=NorthEast Radio Watch |date=August 31, 2009}}</ref>

WZON-FM broke away from the simulcast of WZON (AM) to launch a [[progressive talk]] format, "The Pulse", on January 4, 2010.<ref name="wabi-wzonfmpulse">{{cite news |last1=Hayward |first1=Meghan |title=WZON 103.1 New Format |url=http://www.wabi.tv/news/9252/wzon-103-1-new-format |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=[[WABI-TV|WABI TV5]] |date=December 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106031533/http://www.wabi.tv/news/9252/wzon-103-1-new-format |archive-date=January 6, 2010}}</ref> The AM station also began carrying the progressive talk lineup on November 1, 2010, replacing [[ESPN Radio]] programming.<ref name="nerw-wzonampulse">{{cite news |last1=Fybush |first1=Scott |title=Boom Boom Brannigan, RIP |url=http://www.fybush.com/NERW/2010/101025/nerw.html |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=NorthEast Radio Watch |date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> WZON retained its local sports broadcasts including [[Boston Celtics]] basketball. The morning show hosts were also retained, hosting an afternoon show on the AM side only, but were let go in May 2012 due to the station "losing too much money".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bangordailynews.com/2012/05/31/sports/stephen-king-pulls-plug-on-wzon-sportscasters-dale-duff-clem-labree/|title=Stephen King pulls plug on WZON sportscasters Dale Duff, Clem LaBree|first=Larry|last=Mahoney|date=June 1, 2012|website=Bangor Daily News}}</ref>

Initially, "The Pulse" carried [[CNN Radio]] newscasts;<ref name="wabi-wzonfmpulse"/> after CNN stopped providing radio newscasts on March 31, 2012, WZON switched to [[NBC News Radio]], returning NBC-branded newscasts to the station for the first time in 13 years. WZON-FM dropped the progressive talk format in November 2012 (becoming [[WZLO]]), with the format continuing on the AM station.<ref name="ri-wzonfmtowzlo">{{cite news |last1=Venta |first1=Lance |title=There’s A Loft In Bangor |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/79741/the-zone-splits-in-bangor/ |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=RadioInsight |date=December 26, 2012}}</ref> Outside of [[drive time]], WZON's progressive talk format largely relied on [[Broadcast syndication|nationally syndicated]] programs, including [[Thom Hartmann]], [[Bill Press]], [[Leslie Marshall (journalist)|Leslie Marshall]], [[Marilu Henner]], [[Clark Howard]] and ''Overnight America'' with Jon Grayson. After NBC News Radio shut down, WZON returned to its roots as an affiliate of the CBS Radio Network.

In November 2013, a [[Broadcasting construction permit|construction permit]] was issued to David Stout for an [[FM translator]], W252CT (98.3), that would relay WZON; the Zone Corporation purchased this permit for $80,000 in March 2014.<ref name="nerw-wzononw252ct">{{cite news |last1=Fybush |first1=Scott |title=NERW 3/3/2014: A Farewell to Porky |url=https://www.fybush.com/nerw-20140303/ |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=Fybush.com |date=March 3, 2014}}</ref> By the end of 2014, WZON's programming had been replaced on W252CT by WZLO, via the second [[HD Radio]] channel of WKIT.<ref name="nerw-wzloonwkithd2w252ct">{{cite news |last1=Fybush |first1=Scott |title=NERW 2/9/15: New Station For Top NYC Morning Voice |url=https://www.fybush.com/nerw-20150209/ |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=Fybush.com |date=February 5, 2015}}</ref>

WZON dropped the progressive talk format in February 2018 and returned to the "Z62" branding with an oldies format; the station retained its afternoon talk show and simulcasts of [[WABI-TV]] newscasts. Prior to the format change, the station had been running "Z62 Throwback Weekends", offering a similar mix of music to the full-time oldies format.<ref name="ri-wzonz62oldies">{{cite news|last1=Venta|first1=Lance|title=WZON Flips To Oldies|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/122902/wzon-flips-oldies/|access-date=February 4, 2018|work=RadioInsight|date=February 4, 2018}}</ref> By 2022, the station shifted its format to classic hits.

On December 2, 2024, King would announce that WZON and its sister stations would shut down at the end of the month, citing continued financial losses and his own old age.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Stephen King To Shutter Three Bangor Area Stations |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/288228/stephen-king-to-shutter-three-bangor-area-stations/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=RadioInsight |language=en-US}}</ref> While King subsequently reached a deal to sell WKIT to Jeff Solari (a former WZON afternoon host) and Greg Hawes’ Rock Lobster Radio,<ref name="ri-wkitsale">{{cite news |last1=Venta |first1=Lance |title=Local Group Formed To Acquire WKIT |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/290226/local-group-formed-to-acquire-wkit/ |access-date=December 24, 2024 |work=RadioInsight |date=December 23, 2024}}</ref> WZON or WZLO were not included in the sale,<ref name="bdn-wkitsale">{{cite news |last1=Stockley |first1=Leela |title=Maine business owners take over Stephen King's 'rock 'n roll' radio station |url=https://www.bangordailynews.com/2024/12/23/bangor/bangor-business/jeff-solari-greg-hawes-stephen-king-radio-takeover/ |access-date=December 24, 2024 |work=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=December 24, 2024}}</ref> and their December 31 closure went forward.<ref name="wabi-wzonstillclosed">{{cite news |last1=McHatten |first1=Brittany |title=Rich Kimball reflects on ‘Downtown’ run as WZON signs off for good |url=https://www.wabi.tv/2024/12/31/rich-kimball-reflects-downtown-run-wzon-signs-off-good/ |access-date=January 1, 2025 |work=[[WABI-TV]] |date=December 31, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> WZON announced that its tower was slated to be dismantled in a [[DXing|DX test]] broadcast on December 22, 2024, effectively ruling out any uninterrupted transfer of ownership.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fybush |first=Scott |date=2024-12-24 |title=WKIT Lives! |url=https://www.fybush.com/nerw-20241223/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=NorthEast Radio Watch |language=en-US}}</ref> Afternoon talk show host Rich Kimball announced that he would relaunch his ''Downtown'' show as a [[podcast]] in January 2025.<ref name="wabi-wzonstillclosed"/>

In February 2025, the Zone Corporation agreed to sell WZON, WZLO, and W252CT to J Hanson's Mix Maine Media, operator of [[WBAN]] and [[WGUY]] in [[Veazie, Maine|Veazie]] and owner of [[WFMX]] and [[WSKW]] in [[Skowhegan, Maine|Skowhegan]] and [[WCTB]] in [[Fairfield, Maine|Fairfield]]. As part of the $125,000 deal, $75,000 will be donated to the Heart of Maine [[United Way]]; Hanson will also pay for half the cost of removing the WZON and W252CT towers.<ref name="ri-saletomixmainemedia">{{cite news |last1=Venta |first1=Lance |title=Stephen King Finds Buyer For Remainder Of His Bangor Stations |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/294229/stephen-king-finds-buyer-for-remainder-of-his-bangor-stations/ |access-date=February 4, 2025 |work=RadioInsight |date=February 4, 2025}}</ref> The WZON tower, which had stood since 1937, was demolished on March 26, 2025.<ref name="wabi-towerdemolished">{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Brian |title=‘End of an era’: Crews drop Stephen King’s former radio tower |url=https://www.wabi.tv/2025/03/26/end-an-era-crews-drop-stephen-kings-former-radio-tower/ |access-date=April 2, 2025 |work=[[WABI-TV]] |date=March 26, 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

===Play-by-play coverage===
In the past, WZON broadcast many high school sporting events, American Legion baseball games, [[Husson University]] athletic events, [[Boston Celtics]] basketball, [[Boston Red Sox]] baseball, as well as some [[Westwood One (current)|Westwood One]] programming and other local events (such as the Kenduskeag Stream Canoe Race). Since the launch of [[WEZQ]] as a sports station in 2013, Celtics basketball, Husson University sports and Westwood One programming has moved to that station. In 2018, WEZQ acquired the rights to the Red Sox; following this move, Stephen King told the ''[[Bangor Daily News]]'' that "We had the rug pulled out from under us," and said that WZON was "never included in any negotiations with the Red Sox".<ref name="bdn-wzonnosox">{{cite news|last1=Clark|first1=Ernie|last2=Warner|first2=Pete|title='It was shabby treatment': Stephen King unhappy after Red Sox broadcast rights in Bangor awarded to 92.9 The Ticket|url=https://bangordailynews.com/2018/01/19/sports/stephen-kings-radio-station-loses-red-sox-radio-broadcast-rights-to-92-9-the-ticket/|access-date=January 23, 2018|work=[[Bangor Daily News]]|date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> WZON would reduce its local sports broadcasts following the launch of WEZQ.

WZON was the long-time home of [[University of Maine]] sports until the summer of 2007, when the broadcasting rights were reassigned by the University of Maine and its media contractor Learfield Sports to [[WVOM-FM|WVOM]] and [[WKVZ|WGUY]].

===Contests===
WZON often ran contests for local listeners, usually giving away tickets to upcoming professional sports events. Prizes often included Boston Red Sox playoff tickets, Boston Celtics playoff tickets, [[NASCAR]] event tickets, and more. In addition to these major contests, the local WZON shows included regular trivia segments with less valuable prizes, including pizzas and T-shirts.

==Community involvement==
WZON participated in the [[Jimmy Fund]] radio telethon and auction each summer. The station gathered local and national sports memorabilia and auctioned it off to the highest bidder. Listeners contributed thousands of dollars to the Jimmy Fund through this fund-raising mechanism over the years.

The station also brought Red Sox broadcasters and ESPN personalities to Bangor for special forums.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.wzonam.com/}}
{{AM station data|66674|WZON}}

{{Bangor Radio}}
{{Classic Hits Radio Stations in Maine}}

[[Category:Radio stations in Bangor, Maine|ZON]]
[[Category:Classic hits radio stations in the United States]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1926]]
[[Category:1926 establishments in Maine]]
[[Category:Radio stations disestablished in 2024]]
[[Category:2024 disestablishments in Maine]]
[[Category:Stephen King]]

Racionais MC's

2025-05-10T04:40:47Z

84.232.151.72:

{{Short description|Brazilian hip hop group}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2013}}
{{Redirect|Racionais|the insect genus|Racionais (wasp)}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Racionais MC's
| image = Racionais MCs na Virada Cultural.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = group_or_band
| alias = Racionais
| origin = [[São Paulo]], {{BRA}}
| genre = [[Gangsta rap|Gangsta Rap]], [[political hip hop]]
| years_active = 1988–present
| label = Zimbabwe, Cosa Nostra
| associated_acts = Rosana Bronks, Sabotage, RZO, [[Jorge Ben Jor]], Afro X, Dexter
| website =
| current_members = [[Mano Brown]] Ice Blue Edi Rock KL Jay
}}

'''Racionais MC's''' are a [[Brazilians|Brazilian]] hip hop group based in [[São Paulo]]. The original lineup formed in 1988 consisted of [[Mano Brown]], Ice Blue, Edi Rock, and DJ KL Jay. Each member hails from the ring of ''[[Slum|favelas]]'' around São Paulo. Their lyrics combine themes of [[social justice]] with [[gangster]] imagery, a far cry from the idyllic breeziness typically associated with Brazilian rap music, Racionais MC's is often considered the most important Brazilian rap group.<ref name=FSP-06-DEZ-2006>Persia, 6 de dezembro de 2006</ref><ref name=VIRGULA-09-MAI-2014>Rabassallo, 9 de Maio de 2014</ref><ref name=TVBRASIL-ESPACOPERIFERIA>Estação Periferia, s/data</ref><ref>Agência Estado, 26 de julho de 2011</ref><ref>G1, 14 de dezembro de 2012</ref>

==History==

===The Zimbabwe Years (1988–1995)===
Racionais MC's first appeared on the Zimbabwe Records label compilation ''Consciência Black'' (Black Conscience) in 1988. Their songs ''Pânico na Zona Sul'' ("Panic on the Southside") and ''Tempos Difíceis'' ("Hard Times") offer a snapshot of ''favela'' life with lyrics vividly depicting rampant police brutality, [[racism]], [[poverty]], and crime. The group released their first album, ''Holocausto Urbano'' (Urban Holocaust) in 1990. The EP included the two songs from ''Consciência Black'' along with three new tracks dealing with themes of loose women and institutionalized racism. The group played several shows around the city and state of São Paulo over the next two years, including two shows at the FEBEM (''Fundação Estadual do Bem-Estar do Menor'') juvenile detention center and a special show with Public Enemy at the Ginásio do Ibirapuera.

Racionais MC's gained national attention with their participation in the Ministry of Education's ''RAPensando a Educação'' (a word play, roughly translated as "Rap-Thinking Education") program in 1992. The program included lectures and discussions in schools on a variety of issues affecting ''favela'' inhabitants, including drugs, police violence, poverty, and racism. These forums had the dual effect of expanding awareness of Racionas MC's agenda along with their fan base, as residents the ''favelas'' in cities across Brazil could relate to the ''Paulista'' rap group's experience. That year the group released their second album, ''Escolha o Seu Caminho'' (Choose Your Path), with the notable tracks ''"Voz Ativa"'' ("Active Voice") and ''"Negro Limitado"'' ("Limited Black Man"). Following its release the group headlined the Rap no Vale show at Vale do Anhangabaú in São Paulo.

In 1993 the group saw their notoriety continue to increase. They participated in the National Theatre's ''Música Negra em Ação'' (Black Music in Action) project alongside Thaíde e DJ Hum, another prominent São Paulo Hip Hop act. Their [[philanthropic]] activities continued as they played several benefit shows for health clinics, youth sports programs, and [[samba]] schools. The year also saw the release of their first full-length LP ''Raio X Brasil'' (X-Ray Brazil). The album includes several standout tracks including ''"Fim de Semana no Parque"'' ("Weekend in the Park"), a lyrical sketch of lowlifes in São Paulo; ''"Mano na Porta do Bar"'' ("Man at the Bar Door"), a skillful [[remix]] of [[Curtis Mayfield]]'s "[[Freddie's Dead]]"; and the unexpected harmonica and piano jam ''"Fio da Navalha"'' ("Razor Edge"). Mano Brown won the Prêmio Sharp award for ''"O Homem na Estrada"'' ("The Man on the Road"), one of the album's other notable tracks. A 1994 show at the Vale do Anhangabaú in support of the album ended in a [[riot]] when police raided the show and arrested the group. The group was charged with inciting violence.

===Cosa Nostra (1995–present)===
The presentations continued and increasing impact of Racionais MC's beginning to extrapolate the boundaries of São Paulo. In 1997, a sort of 'DIY' (do it yourself) rap group inaugurates its own label Cosa Nostra Phonographic with the release of the album ''Sobrevivendo no Inferno'' (''Surviving in Hell''), selling over 1.5 million copies independently including the tracks' ''Diário de um Detento'' (Diary of a Prisoner), ''Fórmula Mágica da Paz'' ('Magic Formula for Peace'), ''Capítulo 4, Versículo 3'' ('Chapter 4, Verse 3') and ''Mágico de Oz'' ('Wizard of Oz'). Stamp still throw discs Sabotage, RZO and Revelation 16, and Rosana Bronks define a well peculiar group work with his musical career. Brown, KL Jay, Blue and Edi Rock has, to date, control of its entire production, from composing and recording his own albums in a studio, to distribution. Among 12 songs of ''Sobrevivendo no Inferno'' took one previously unknown proportions. Composed in partnership with ex-con Jocenir, the track ''Diário de um Detento'' ('Diary of a Detainee') bursted on the radio in the country, portraying the tension that preceded the rebellion of 1992 in [[Carandiru Penitentiary]] in São Paulo, where 111 prisoners were killed by [[Military Police of São Paulo State]]'s Special Troops.<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22240536
| title = Brazil police sentenced over Carandiru jail massacre
| work = BBC News
| date = 21 April 2013
| access-date = December 6, 2013
}}</ref>

With the launching of a scathing clip for the new hit, the Racionais MC's went to VMB and won the prize 'Audience Choice' - equivalent to the current 'Artist of the Year'. On the occasion, the group made a memorable presentation and just cheered by the audience. Their popularity reached even further with the release of the Album ''Nada como um dia após o outro'' that were widely acclaimed by the critics <ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/nada-como-um-dia-apos-o-outro-dia-mw0000516621
| title = All Music web site Review by Matt Rinaldi
| publisher = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = December 6, 2013
}}</ref> that made many hits as "[[Vida Loka I]]", "[[Vida Loka II]]", "Negro Drama", "Jesus Chorou" e "Estilo Cachorro".

Some of its tracks, such as 'Vida Loka' I and II, 'Negro Drama' and 'Jesus Chorou' are still some of the most performed at concerts. But despite the success, the album would mark the beginning of an 11-year hiatus without any album releases. Released in 2006 the first DVD of the group, '1000 Trutas, 1000 Tretas', a record of 15 songs recorded during concerts held since 2002. The only new song from the compilation is the track 'Abenção Mamãe, Abenção Papai', which includes a cameo by [[Jorge Ben Jor]]. In the year following the release of the DVD, reliving the episode of 1994, the Police intervened in the Racionais MC's presentation during the ''Virada Cultural''. The confusion would have started after the police repress some people from the audience who tried to climb a newsstand to watch the show.

Some songs came to publicised on the web, but no official release has been made, In 2012 the group released the video clip of the song ''Mil faces de um homem leal'' (Thousand faces a loyal man) which portrays the life of Bahia, communist militant, enemy number 1 of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil, [[Carlos Marighella]], the video that was recorded in the 'Occupation Maua' - housing considered the 'New Pinheirinho' for housing more than 200 families in the city center of São Paulo - refers to armed struggle against the military dictatorship in Brazil, interspersing historical images of protests, with scenes of Mano Brown, Ice Blue, KL Jay, Edi Rock and Dexter invited back to 1969 with the occupation of Radio National, with Carlos Marighella sending a message and calling on the people to resist and fight oppression. On a memorable night, the video won the award for best video of the year at VMB 2012. The group's sixth studio album, ''Cores e Valores, '' was released in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://cultura.estadao.com.br/noticias/musica,novo-disco-dos-racionais-vem-nostalgico-e-com-reflexoes-profundas,1601477|title = Novo disco dos Racionais vem nostálgico e com rflexões|last = Maria|first = Júlio|date = 3 December 2014|work = O Estado de S. Paulo|access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>

== Discography ==
;Studio albums
* ''[[Raio-X do Brasil]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Sobrevivendo no Inferno]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Nada Como um Dia Após o Outro Dia]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Cores & Valores]]'' (2014)

;Extended plays
* ''Holocausto Urbano'' (1990)
* ''Escolha Seu Caminho'' (1992)

;Live albums
* ''Ao Vivo'' (2001)
* ''1000 Trutas, 1000 Tretas'' (2006)

;Compilation albums
* ''Racionais MC's'' (1994)

== Awards and nominations ==
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
! Prize
! Category
! Ref
|-
|1998
|''[[VMB]]''
|''Audience's Choice''
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vmb.mtv.uol.com.br/vmbpedia/1998 |title=1998-VMB-MTV Brasil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003223915/http://vmb.mtv.uol.com.br/vmbpedia/1998 |archive-date=2012-10-03 }}</ref>
|-
|2002
|''Prêmio Hutúz''
|''Grupo ou Artista Solo''
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cliquemusic.uol.com.br/materias/ver/premio-hutus-anuncia-seus-indicados |title=Cliquemusic: Matéria: Prêmio Hutus anuncia seus indicados |publisher=cliquemusic.uol.com.br |access-date=23 December 2009 |archive-date=19 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819034329/http://cliquemusic.uol.com.br/materias/ver/premio-hutus-anuncia-seus-indicados |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''[[Ordem do Mérito Cultural]]''
|''Música''
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cultura.gov.br/site/2006/11/07/pifanos-viola-bumba-meu-boi-carimbo-e-cacuria-homenageados-com-a-ordem-do-merito-cultural/ |title=Ministério da Cultura - MinC - Pífanos, Viola, Bumba-Meu-Boi, Carimbó e Cacuriá homenageados com a Ordem do Mérito Cultural }}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''Prêmio Hutúz''
|''Melhores artistas da década''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hutuz.com.br/10anos/in.php?id=ganhadores |title=.:. HUTÚZ 10 ANOS.:. |publisher=74.125.47.132 |access-date=23 December 2009 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191248/http://www.hutuz.com.br/10anos/in.php?id=ganhadores |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[VMB]]''
|''Clip of the Year''
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mtv.uol.com.br/programas/mtv1/noticias/mil-faces-de-um-homem-leal-dos-racionais-e-o-clipe-do-ano-no-vmb |title='Mil Faces de Um Homem Leal', dos Racionais, é o Clipe do Ano no VMB |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723030052/http://mtv.uol.com.br/programas/mtv1/noticias/mil-faces-de-um-homem-leal-dos-racionais-e-o-clipe-do-ano-no-vmb |archive-date=2013-07-23 }}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Multishow_Brazilian_Music_Award]]''
|''Best Show''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://caras.uol.com.br/musica/veja-quem-foram-os-artistas-vencedores-do-premio-multishow-como-luan-santana-musica.phtml |title=Veja quem foram os artistas vencedores do Prêmio Multishow 2014 |date=29 October 2014 |publisher=Caras Magazine Website |access-date=20 June 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.racionaisoficial.com.br/ Racionais MC's] Official Website
*[http://www.kboing.com.br/racionais-mcs/ Racionais MC's songs] in Kboing
{{Wikiquote}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Racionais MCs}}
[[Category:Brazilian hip-hop groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups from São Paulo]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1988]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Cultural Merit (Brazil)]]

KWXY

2025-05-09T13:22:16Z

84.232.151.72: /* Programming */

{{short description|Radio station in Cathedral City, California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox radio station
| name = KWXY
| logo = KWXY-FM-AM.jpg
| city = [[Cathedral City, California]]
| area = [[Coachella Valley]]
| branding = ''KWXY - The Sound of the Desert''
| frequency = 1340 [[kilohertz|kHz]]
| translators = {{ubl|92.3 K222DA (Cathedral City)|101.9 K270AI (Cathedral City}}
| website = https://www.kwxy.com/
| airdate = {{start date and age|1964|10}}
| format = [[Easy listening]]–[[Variety (radio)|Variety]]
| power = 1,000 [[watt]]s unlimited
| class = C
| licensing_authority = [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]]
| facility_id = 24252
| callsign_meaning =
| former_callsigns = {{ubl|KWXY (1964–2006)|KPTR (2006–2010)}}
| owner = Louie Comella
| licensee = IVOX RADIO LLC
| affiliations = [[Compass Media Networks]] [[Premiere Networks]]
| sister_stations = [[KKGX]]
}}
'''KWXY''' (1340 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Cathedral City, California, serving the Palm Springs radio market in the Coachella Valley. Established in 1964, KWXY is owned by Louie Comella through licensee IVOX RADIO LLC. The station's studios, offices, and transmitter are located at its historic facilities on Dinah Shore Drive in Cathedral City.

KWXY's programming is simulcast on FM translator K222DA, broadcasting at 92.3 MHz with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 99 watts, and is also available for streaming at kwxy.com.

== Technical Information ==

* Frequency: 1340 kHz (AM)
* FM Translator: K222DA (92.3 MHz, Cathedral City)
* Class: C
* Power: 1,000 watts (unlimited)
* Licensing Authority: FCC
* Facility ID: 24252

== History ==
'''Early Years and Growth'''

KWXY began in October 1964 as a 24-hour, 250-watt AM station, owned by veteran broadcaster and engineer Glen Barnett, who built the original studios and transmitter. The station increased power to 500 watts in 1968 and to 1 kW in 1973. FM operations started in 1969 on 103.1 MHz with a 3 kW signal, later moving to 98.5 MHz with 50 kW in 1976.

The station’s early format of beautiful music catered to Coachella Valley residents and seasonal visitors, making KWXY one of the most successful stations in the area. Its on-air lineup featured notable personalities like Dave Hull, named one of Los Angeles' top ten broadcasters, and Scott Ellsworth of KFI.

'''Ownership Changes and Format Transitions'''

In 2006, KWXY sold its AM frequency to R&R Radio Corporation, transitioning from beautiful music to progressive talk as KPTR. After Air America Radio’s bankruptcy in October 2006, the station shifted formats until its return to the KWXY call sign in 2010. The FM station ceased operations at 98.5 MHz in February 2010, with Dave Hull signing off.

KWXY briefly simulcast on KDES-HD2 and leased FM translator 107.3 MHz under the branding "Legend 107.3: The Sound of the Desert." By 2017, the station had returned to an adult standards format, branding itself as "Relaxing Music 1340."

=== Recent Developments ===
In June 2021, Desert Broadcasters sold KWXY, KKGX, and two translators to Louie Comella’s IVOX RADIO LLC for $105,000. The sale included the old KDES (AM) tower site in Palm Springs for $220,000 and the KWXY Broadcast Center building for $550,000. Comella plans to expand the Broadcast Center’s 28.4-acre site into a media hub featuring the IVOX+ streaming platform, a motion picture studio, and a theater venue.

KWXY returned to the air in December 2021, relaunching as "KWXY Music Radio." The station features a mix of standards, big band, jazz, and rock 'n' roll from the 1940s through the 1970s. In 2024, IVOX RADIO entered a five-year agreement with World Radio LLC to manage station operations.

== Programming ==

=== Current Format ===
KWXY’s current programming blends Adult Album Alternative (AAA) and Classic Rock with easy listening. Popular shows and hosts include:

* ''Little Steven’s Underground Garage'' with Steven Van Zandt
* ''Sammy Hagar’s Rock Show''
* ''Dee Snider’s House of Hair''
* Local and regional presenters, including Mario Lalli (Fatso Jetson), Uli Bella (Ozomatli), Gabriel Villa (Chicano Batman), and Don Bolles (The Germs).

=== Former Programming ===
Past notable hosts and programs include:

* ''The Wink Martindale Show'' hosted by Wink Martindale
* Big band programming with Rob Dehlinger
* ''The Wolfman Jack Show'' (remastered)
* Rockabilly artist The Reverend Horton Heat
* M.G. Kelly, Mike Czech, and Malcolm Ryker (''Skratch n Sniff'')
* Local personalities Patrick Evans (KESQ-TV) and Alvin Taylor (Motown musician)

=== Studio Upgrades and Productions ===
In 2022, KWXY underwent significant technical upgrades, led by Louie Comella, sound engineer Nigel Dettelbach, and concert promoter Tom Ingram. These improvements supported music production, album recordings, and rehearsals for major events like the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Stagecoach Festival, Electric Daisy Carnival, and Power Trip Festival.

The station introduced ''KWXY Presents'', a media series showcasing interviews and performances by renowned artists, including Johnny Mathis, Alice Cooper, and Bill Marx. In 2023, KWXY began production of ''The Standup Comedy Hour'', launching live performances in 2024 with comedian Jamie Kennedy headlining the premiere. The series, produced for the IVOX+ independent streaming network is scheduled to debut in 2025.

=== Notable Events ===

* In November 2022, KWXY hosted Paul Rodgers (Bad Company) and Spike Edney (Queen) to promote the ''Rock the Plaza'' concert supporting the Plaza Theatre restoration.
* The station was a filming location for MTV’s ''Catfish'' in late 2022 and the media series ''Reel Humans'' (2025).

=== Online Presence ===
KWXY streams its programming online at kwxy.com, allowing global access to its unique blend of music and programming.

The station maintains active social media profiles on platforms like Instagram (@kwxyradio) and Facebook, where it shares updates about programming, events, and behind-the-scenes content.

==Previous logo==
[[File:KWXY-FM-AM.jpg|200px]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|kwxy.com}}
{{AM station data|24252|KWXY}}
* {{FCC-LMS-Facility|200709|K222DA}}
* {{FXL|K222DA}}
* [http://ednixon.com/audio/kwxy/ KWXY FM fan site with Don Wardell show transcriptions]
* [http://ednixon.com/audio/kwxy/signoff.mp3 Aircheck of KWXY FM final sign off Feb. 2, 2010]
* "[https://www.insideradio.com/free/ivox-radio-puts-coachella-valley-stations-back-on-the-air/article_c8913230-5c62-11ec-acdc-27fbe09bef8c.html Desert Radio Station KWXY Sold in Multi-Property Deal]". Inside Radio. June 2021.

{{Palm Springs Radio}}

{{coord|33|48|07|N|116|27|44|W|type:landmark_region:US-CA|display=title}}

[[Category:Radio stations in California|WXY]]
[[Category:Mass media in Riverside County, California]]
[[Category:Cathedral City, California]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Variety radio stations in the United States]]

WPCO (South Carolina)

2025-05-04T13:30:55Z

84.232.151.72:

{{Short description|Radio station in Columbia, South Carolina (1947–2022)}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox radio station
| name = WPCO
| logo =
| logo_size =
| above = Defunct
| city = [[Columbia, South Carolina]]
| country = US
| area = [[Columbia metropolitan area (South Carolina)|Columbia metropolitan area]]
| branding = ''94.9 The Palm''
| frequency = 1230 [[kilohertz|kHz]]
| translator =
| airdate = {{start date and age|1947|1|1}}
| last_airdate = {{End date and age|2022|1}}
| format = [[Adult album alternative]]
| power = 1,000 watts unlimited
| class = C
| facility_id = 73370
| callsign_meaning = "Palm Columbia"
| former_callsigns = {{ubl|WNOK (1947–1979)|WXAP (1979–1980)|WNOK (1980–1988)|WODE (1988–1989)|WOIC (1989–2018)}}
| affiliations =
| owner = [[Alpha Media]]
| licensee = Alpha Media Licensee LLC
| sister_stations = [[WARQ]], [[WHXT]], [[WMFX]], [[WWDM]], [[WSCZ]]
| webcast =
| website = [https://www.949thepalm.com/ 949thepalm.com]
| coordinates =
}}

'''WPCO''' (1230 [[AM broadcasting|AM]], "94.9 The Palm") was a radio station in [[Columbia, South Carolina]]. Last owned by [[Alpha Media]], it broadcast an [[adult album alternative]] (AAA) [[radio format|format]]. Its studios were on Pineview Road in Columbia, with a transmitter tower located near Bicentennial Park along the [[Congaree River]] in downtown Columbia. It was also heard on [[FM translator]] '''W235CH''' at 94.9 [[Hertz|MHz]], using the translator's dial position as its moniker, "94.9 The Palm". (South Carolina is known as the [[saw palmetto|Palmetto]] State.)

The station went on the air in 1947 as WNOK. After going [[dark (broadcasting)|silent]] in January 2022, WPCO's license was cancelled and deleted by the [[FCC]] on January 5, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=104314|title=Notification of Cancellation of the WPCO Station License|date=January 5, 2023|access-date=January 10, 2023}}</ref> The AAA programming, no longer heard on the AM station, continued on the FM translator, 94.9 W235CH, now rebroadcasting co-owned 93.5 [[WARQ]]-[[HD Radio|HD4]].

==History==
The station signed on the air on January 1, 1947. Its original [[call sign]] was WNOK and it featured programing from the [[Mutual Broadcasting System]]. In the early 1950s, WNOK had added a [[UHF]] TV station on Channel 67, eventually changing to Channel 19 by the early 1960s. (WNOK-TV was sold by 1977, becoming [[WLTX]].) Also, an [[FM broadcasting|FM]] station on 104.7 was added in 1958, which is where the [[WNOK]] call sign resides today.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, WNOK programmed various music genres known then as "Block Programming". In the end, Top 40 won out and, by the mid-1960s, it was full-time Top 40. However, after making little headway against [[WCOS (AM)|WCOS]], it tried "The Now Sound" in 1967, a mix of MOR and light rock/pop. It also affiliated with CBS during that time. In late 1970, it returned to Top 40 and briefly gave WCOS a good run for its money. In 1980, the station changed to [[Country music|country]] and [[disco]] formats under the call letters of WXAP. Neither format lasted more than six months and the WNOK call letters were reclaimed at the end of the year. The station eventually simulcasted parts of WNOK-FM's Top 40 (now known as [[Contemporary hit radio|CHR]]) format, although much of the remaining broadcast day was still automated under [[adult contemporary]] and CHR formats. By the fall of 1985, the automation was finally done away with and WNOK was simulcasting full-time with the FM.

In the fall of 1987, WNOK dropped the simulcast, becoming an [[Album-oriented rock|AOR]]/[[classic rock]] hybrid as "Rock 1230". However, FM station [[WMFX]] signed on shortly afterwards with a similar format, taking away the station's potential audience. In September 1988, the station became "Oldies 1230" under the WODE call letters featuring an [[oldies]] format. Another FM station, WPRH, became [[WOMG]] in the spring of 1989 with a similar format, again taking away much of the station's audience.

In the fall of that year, Price Broadcasting, then-owners of longtime [[urban contemporary]] outlet [[WISW|WOIC (1320 AM)]] announced that they were dropping the call letters and format for a simulcast of sister FM, WOMG. In order to prevent any public outcry, arrangements were made with WODE to move the WOIC call letters, format, and staff over to 1230 AM.

WOIC spent much of the 1990s as well as the early 2000s under various urban-flavored formats. In 2003, WOIC became an affiliate of [[ESPN Radio]]. This lasted until 2005 when the ESPN programming was moved to sister FM station [[WZMJ]] and WOIC was re-launched as an [[Air America Radio]] affiliate.

At times, WOIC's ratings had surpassed WISW's, especially during sporting events, because of the performance of teams on WISW, compared to the performance of teams on WOIC (Clemson Tigers (WOIC) versus Gamecocks).

In the 2007 calendar year, teams broadcast on WOIC carried postseason football and basketball coverage; teams broadcast on rival WISW did not, leaving more revenue and higher ratings for these events, which had helped WOIC's ratings against WISW, even though the postseason months are not calculated on Arbitron ratings for the specific days.

Until January 25, 2010, WOIC was in a unique position because of the nationally syndicated liberal shows (Air America) that contrasted with the local population. Even though Columbia, South Carolina is relatively progressive compared to the rest of South Carolina, the state is viewed as the 'reddest state' and generally conservative to paleo-conservative with small enclaves of progressives. WOIC's programming was a mix of liberal (progressive) nationally-syndicated Air America shows and locally produced public interest shows. The weekend show lineup was mostly local programming and helped balance the nationally syndicated overall flavor of the station. There were a number of daily center-left local programs that were heard Monday through Friday. WOIC's line-up served the people of Columbia, better than most, because of the amount of local programming and the ability of listeners to be able to interact with the local show hosts. Especially on the weekends, WOIC was 'Friends and Neighbors' radio.

Changes began to the lineup on January 25, 2010, due to the bankruptcy filing of [[Air America (radio network)|Air America]].

The station became owned by [[Alpha Media]] through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC, which also owns [[Urban Contemporary]] [[WHXT]], [[Urban Adult Contemporary|Urban AC]] [[WWDM]], [[Modern rock]] [[WMFX]], and [[Hot AC]] [[WARQ]] in the Columbia radio market.

In July 2012, "The Zone", a local afternoon sports show, moved from [[WZMJ]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://technews.tmcnet.com/news/2012/07/31/6474996.htm|title=Why is ESPN radio gone from Midlands airwaves?|last=Taylor Jr.|first=Otis R.|work=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]|date=July 31, 2012|access-date=July 31, 2012}}</ref>

On December 27, 2013, it was announced that the [[ESPN Radio]] format would return to WOIC on January 1, 2014, and the station would be rebranded as "ESPN Columbia 1230 AM."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://espncolumbia.com/ESPN%20Columbia%201230%20AM%20news%20release%202013-12-27.pdf|title=ESPN Radio returns to the airwaves in Columbia, S.C. with major bowl game coverage|date=December 27, 2013|access-date=December 27, 2013}}</ref>

[[File:WOIC 94.9THEPALM logo.jpg|thumb|Former logo]]

On September 30, 2018, WOIC dropped ESPN Radio and began stunting with a loop of [[Robert Plant]]'s "[[29 Palms (song)|29 Palms]]"' as ''94.9 The Palm''; on October 1, the station switched to [[adult album alternative]] under the same name.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/170881/woic-columbia-sc-stunting|title=Alpha Launches 94.9 The Palm Columbia|date=October 1, 2018|work=RadioInsight|access-date=October 4, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> On October 11, 2018, WOIC changed their call letters to WPCO.

It was reported to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that WPCO was silent as of January 10, 2022.<ref>[https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/silent-am-list FCC’s list of Silent AM Stations as of May 17, 2022; retrieved May 26, 2022.]</ref> The station license was cancelled and deleted by the FCC on January 5, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=104314|title=Notification of Cancellation of the WPCO Station License|date=January 5, 2023|access-date=January 10, 2023}}</ref> The AAA programming, no longer heard on the AM station, continued on the FM translator, 94.9 W235CH, rebroadcasting co-owned 93.5 [[WARQ]]-[[HD Radio|HD4]].

Norsan Media purchased W235CH with a translator use agreement, with the plan to simulcast [[WCEO]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/286871/norsan-media-acquires-columbias-palm/|title=Norsan Media Acquires Columbia’s Palm|date=November 14, 2024|publisher=RadioInsight|access-date=November 17, 2024|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of radio stations in South Carolina]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.949thepalm.com}}
*[https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityDetails.html?facilityId=73370 Facility details for Facility ID 73370 (WPCO)] in the FCC Licensing and Management System
*[https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/api/download/attachment/95972f34-d93e-9796-3735-b042fad11d79.pdf FCC History Cards for WPCO] (covering 1946-1980 as WNOK / WXAP)

{{Columbia Radio}}
{{Alpha Media}}

{{coord|33|59|34|N|81|02|45|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=title}}

[[Category:Radio stations in South Carolina|PCO]]
[[Category:Alpha Media radio stations]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1947]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Radio stations disestablished in 2023]]
[[Category:2023 disestablishments in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Defunct radio stations in the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct mass media in South Carolina|PCO]]

Ilocana Maiden

2025-04-30T03:18:48Z

84.232.151.72:

{{Use Philippine English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ilocana Maiden
| image =
| caption =
| director = Olive La Torre
| producer = Jose O. Vera
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
* Luciano B. Carlos
* Conrado Conde
* Willie P. Orfinada
}}
| story = T. D. Agcaoili
| narrator =
| starring = [[Gloria Romero]]
| music = {{plainlist|
*Pastor de Jesus
*Restie Umali
*Conrado Conde
*T. D. Agcaoili
}}
| cinematography = Steve Perez
| editing = Federico Arroyo
| distributor = [[Sampaguita Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|1954|7|4|[[Philippines]]}}
| runtime =
| country = Philippines
| language = {{plainlist|
*Filipino
*Ilocano
}}
}}
'''''Ilocana Maiden''''' ({{langx|fil|Dalagang Ilocana}}) is a 1954 Filipino [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Olive La Torre from a screenplay by Luciano B. Carlos, Conrado Conde, and Willie P. Orfinada, based on a story written by T. D. Agcaoili, who also wrote additional lyrics with Conde. It stars [[Gloria Romero (actress)|Gloria Romero]], Ric Rodrigo, and Rudy Francisco, while the supporting cast includes [[Dolphy]] and [[Rebecca del Rio]].

A [[Black-and-white|black and white]] film produced and released by [[Sampaguita Pictures]], a radio adaptation of the film was serialized over DZRH Sampaguita Radio Program and also, it launched the career of [[Tita de Villa]]. It was theatrically released on July 4, 1954.

In 2021, the film was digitally restored and remastered by the [[Film Development Council of the Philippines]] (FDCP).

==Background==
[[File:Dolphy and Gloria Romero (1954).jpg|thumb|Dolphy and Gloria Romero In the film]]
Olive La Torre directed [[Gloria Romero (actress)|Gloria Romero]] as a spirited, cigar-chomping country girl who rolls tobacco leaves into cigars for a living. Romero is a wonderful comedian, combining as she does a stately beauty and aristocratic nose with eyes that slant just (and maddeningly) so, plus a sense of humor game enough to undercut her impeccable poise; [[Dolphy]] does well in a supporting role as comic sidekick with an insatiable appetite. The film, set in the tobacco-growing lands of the Ilocos region, is also a lengthy advertisement on the many pleasures of smoking, with seemingly everyone onscreen from the loftiest haciendero to the lowliest tobacco roller casually lighting up fearsome-looking cigars made from uncut tobacco leaf; one character actually suffers asthma attacks if he can't get his regular nicotine fix, from the tightly rolled cigars that only Romero knows how to make.

==Cast==
*[[Gloria Romero (actress)|Gloria Romero]]
*[[Ric Rodrigo]]
*[[Dolphy]]
*[[Tita de Villa]]
*Francisco Cruz
*Rudy Francisco
*[[Marcela Garcia]]
*[[Rebecca del Rio]]
*[[Horacio Morales]]
*[[Precy Ortega]]
*[[Leleng Isla]]

==Release==
''Ilocana Maiden'' was theatrically released in 1954. In late 2000, the film was aired on [[People's Television Network|PTV]] as part of its ''SineGinto 2000'' program in cooperation with the [[Advertising Foundation of the Philippines]].<ref>{{cite news|title=SineGinto episodes for August to December|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XlM1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZyUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1263%2C16520154|access-date=August 30, 2022|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|publisher=The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.|date=August 6, 2000|page=B4}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" | '''[[FAMAS Award|FAMAS (Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards)]]'''
|-
! width="10%"| Year
! width="35%"| Category
! width="40%"| Nominee
! width="15%"| Result
|-
|align="center"| [[3rd FAMAS Awards|FAMAS Awards]]
|align="center"| [[FAMAS Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|align="center"| [[Gloria Romero (actress)|Gloria Romero]]
| {{won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0370438|Dalagang Ilocana}}
{{Clear}}

[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:1954 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Philippine black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Philippine propaganda films]]
[[Category:Philippine romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Sampaguita Pictures films]]
[[Category:Tagalog-language films]]
[[Category:1950s rediscovered films]]

{{romantic-comedy-film-stub}}
{{Philippines-film-stub}}

Filipinos in the United Kingdom

2025-04-25T17:23:44Z

84.232.151.72:

{{infobox ethnic group
|group = Filipinos in the United Kingdom
|image = File: Counties of the UK Filipino.svg
|caption = Distribution by regional area.
|population = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''Philippines-born residents in the United Kingdom: 164,962 – 0.2% ([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021/22 Census]]){{#tag:ref| Does not include Filipinos born in the United Kingdom or those with Filipino ancestry|group="note"}}''' {{Flag|England}}: 149,474 – 0.3% (2021)<ref name="E&W_CoB22">{{cite web |title=TS012: Country of birth (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS012/editions/2021/versions/2/filter-outputs/ba18881b-a88f-432f-89be-af1fee321107#get-data |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> {{Flag|Scotland}}: 6,245 – 0.1% (2022)<ref name="CountryBirth_22">{{cite web |title=Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=24 May 2024}} '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'</ref> {{Flag|Wales}}: 5,542 – 0.2% (2021)<ref name="E&W_CoB22"/> [[Northern Ireland]]: 3,701 – 0.2% (2021)<ref name="CoB_NI21">{{cite web|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-a17.xlsx|title=MS-A17: Country of birth - intermediate detail|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|date=22 September 2022|accessdate=25 May 2023}}</ref> '''Filipino citizens/passports held:''' 52,401 (England and Wales only, 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=TS013: Passports held (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS013/editions/2021/versions/3/filter-outputs/728bfc72-22fb-4651-8841-b2f3433118f8#get-data |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> '''Ethnic Filipinos:''' Filipinos in [[British Asians|Asian ethnic group]]: 162,138 Filipinos in Other ethnic group: 13,469 (England and Wales only, 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS022/editions/2021/versions/2/filter-outputs/41d3c99d-976d-4553-858a-af16bc85554b?f=get-data#ethnic_group_288a |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref> 200,000 (2007 estimate)
|popplace = [[London]], [[English Midlands]], [[North West England]], [[South East England]]
|langs = [[British English]], [[Philippine English]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]] ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]), [[Philippine languages|Other Filipino languages]]
|rels = Predominantly [[Roman Catholicism]] [[Irreligion]]{{·}}[[Protestantism]]{{·}}[[Islam]]{{·}}[[Buddhism]]{{·}}
|related-c = [[Filipino people]], [[Overseas Filipino]]s {{reflist|group=note}}
}}
{{Lists of British people}}
'''Filipinos in the United Kingdom''' ({{langx|fil|Pilipino sa United Kingdom}}) are [[British nationality law|British citizens]] or immigrants who are of [[Overseas Filipino|Filipino]] ancestry.

==Demographics==

===Population===
[[File:Filipinos in London.svg|thumb|A map showing the distribution of Filipinos in Greater London. 40% of British Filipinos live in London.{{legend|#fff5f0|0.0%-0.99%}}
{{legend|#fcccb7|1%-1.49%}}
{{legend|#fb8e6e|1.5%-1.99%}}
{{legend|#f34d37|2%-2.49%}}
{{legend|#c4161b|2.5%-2.99%}}
{{legend|#67000d|3% and greater}}]]
[[File:2009 Barrio Fiesta 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.59|'Barrio Fiesta sa London', a Filipino-British festival, in 2009.]]
The [[2001 UK Census]] recorded 40,118 people born in the Philippines.<ref name=OECD>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |title=Country-of-birth database |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] |access-date=2008-11-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050511105416/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |archive-date=May 11, 2005 }}</ref> The 2011 census recorded 117,457 people born in the Philippines resident in England, 5,168 in Wales,<ref>{{2011CensusEngWalCoB|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> 4,264 in Scotland<ref>{{2011CensusScotlandCoB|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> and 2,947 in Northern Ireland,<ref>{{2011CensusNICoB|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> making a total of 129,836. The [[Office for National Statistics]] estimates that, in 2015, the equivalent figure was 132,000.<ref>{{ONSCoB2015|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

According to ''[[The Manila Times]]'', there were approximately 200,000 Filipinos living in the United Kingdom in 2007.<ref name="Baby boom">{{cite news|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/sept/24/yehey/opinion/20070924opi4.html |title=Filipino baby boom in the United Kingdom |date=2007-09-24 |work=Manila Times |access-date=2009-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207032908/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/sept/24/yehey/opinion/20070924opi4.html |archive-date=December 7, 2008 }}</ref> In 2007, 10,840 Filipinos gained British citizenship, the second largest number of any nation after [[India]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2008-05-20 |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0508.pdf |title=Persons granted British citizenship, United Kingdom, 2007 |journal=Home Office Statistical Bulletin |publisher=Home Office |volume=05/08 |page=20 |access-date=2009-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122085138/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0508.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-22 }}</ref> compared to only 1,385 in 2001.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Hesketh, Krystina |date=2002-06-02 |title=Persons granted British citizenship, United Kingdom, 2001 |journal=Home Office Statistical Bulletin |publisher=Home Office |volume=06/02 |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb602.pdf |page=16 |access-date=2009-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074559/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb602.pdf |archive-date=July 12, 2007 }}</ref>

===Distribution===

The largest Filipino community in the United Kingdom is in and around [[London]], based around [[Earl's Court]]. Filipinos also account for the largest foreign-born population in the [[London Borough of Sutton]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/map-shows-largest-migrant-population-in-london-2014-12?r=US&IR=T|title=MAP: The Largest Migrant Population in Each Borough of London|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> Other towns and cities with significant Filipino communities include [[Birmingham]], [[Liverpool]], [[Manchester]], [[Bristol]], [[Leeds]], [[Southampton]], [[Worthing]], [[Gloucester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/populationoftheunitedkingdombycountryofbirthandnationalityunderlyingdatasheets|title=Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality: individual country data|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=23 May 2019|access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref> and [[Barrow-in-Furness]], which is home to a sizeable flourishing Filipino community.<ref>{{Cite news
|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cumbria/content/articles/2006/02/02/little_pinoy_fun_feature.shtml
|title=Filipinos flourish in Barrow
|author=Reuben Abraham
|date=2 February 2006
|work=BBC
|access-date=2007-12-06}}</ref> [[festival|Fiestas]] are held during June, July and August in various cities throughout the UK.

===Economics===
According to the [[Institute for Public Policy Research]], 85.4 per cent of new immigrant Filipinos to the UK of working age are employed (as opposed to inactive - a category which includes students - or unemployed), with 12.8% being low earners (people making less than [[£]]149.20 a week – half the UK median wage) and 0.61 per cent are high earners (people earning more than £750 a week). 78% of settled Filipino immigrants to the UK are employed, with 15.4% being low earners and 1.28 per cent being high earners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/economics/html/overview.stm|title=How different immigrant groups perform|work=Born Abroad|publisher=BBC|access-date=2009-02-22 | date=2005-09-07}}</ref> In 2020, 18,500 Filipinos were employed by the [[National Health Service]];<ref>{{cite news |last=Quinn |first=Ben |date=17 April 2020 |title=Coronavirus exerts heavy toll on Filipino community in UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/17/coronavirus-exerts-heavy-toll-on-filipino-community-in-uk |work=The Guardian |access-date=13 June 2020 }}</ref> as of April 2020, of NHS workers who have died of [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19]], 20% were Filipino.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=James Clayton |date=1 May 2020 |title=Why are so many Filipino health workers dying of Covid19? - BBC Newsnight |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6RHRMD0Dv8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/N6RHRMD0Dv8 |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2020 |publisher=BBC News Night }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Culture and community==
===Community groups===

Filipino community groups in the UK include:

# Aguman Kapampangan United Kingdom was founded in 1994 March 14,

# Kanlungan, a registered charity which is a consortium of grassroots community organisations working closely together for the welfare and interests of migrants, refugees, diaspora communities from the Philippines and Southeast Asia living in the UK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage - |url=https://www.kanlungan.org.uk/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>
# The Centre for Filipinos, a Filipino advocacy and outreach charity;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://centreforfilipinos.org/ |title=Centreforfilipinos.org |access-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809153116/http://centreforfilipinos.org/ |archive-date=2018-08-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# Lahing Kayumanggi dance company focusing on traditional Filipino dance;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lkdance.org.uk/company.php |title=LK Dance Company |access-date=2009-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214215304/http://lkdance.org.uk/company.php |archive-date=2009-02-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# EA Doce Pares, an Eskrima/Arnis school promoting and educating the community on the Philippine warrior arts and culture;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eadocepares.com|title=EA Doce Pares - London UK - Eskrima Kali Arnis FMA|website=Eadocepares.com|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
# Phil-UK, a group for young and second-generation Filipinos in the UK;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phil-uk.com|title=Phil-UK – Filipino Community in the UK|website=Phil-uk.com|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
# Philippine Generations, a Second Generation led not for profit Organisation promoting the Philippines, its people and culture in the UK;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://philippinegenerations.org|title=Philippine Generations|website=Philippine Generations|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
# The Philippine Centre, a charity promoting culture and community spirit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philippinecentre.com|title=Philippine Centre|website=Philippinecentre.com|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
# One Filipino is a group supporting local Filipino organisations in the United Kingdom and also to promote the campaign towards good governance and Filipino empowerment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.onefilipino.org.uk/ |title=One Filipino |access-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219142947/http://www.onefilipino.org.uk/ |archive-date=2011-02-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
#Creative Hearts United,<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2023 |title=Creative Hearts United |url=https://creativeheartsunited.org.uk/ |access-date=13 November 2023 |website=Creative Hearts United}}</ref> is a charitable organisation with a rich history of supporting arts and cultural endeavours, cultivating talent to enhance the well-being of the Filipino community in West Yorkshire and the surrounding areas.
# Filipino Women's Association UK (FWA UK), a not for profit, charitable organisation providing support to vulnerable women and children in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fwa-uk.com|title=Filipino women's association uk – FWA – UK Charity|website=Fwa-uk.com|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
# Handog Natin Charity UK, a Coventry-based registered charity organisation conducting mission projects in the Philippines for disaster relief, medical, educational and livelihood programs. It also serves as a communication hub for Filipinos living and working in Coventry and surrounding areas.

The 'Barrio Fiesta sa London', a two-day annual festival formerly held in [[Lampton Park]], [[Hounslow]], West London, is perhaps the best known and largest gathering for the community in the UK, which was launched in 1985. Since then, smaller versions of the festival have been held at various locations across the UK, with the original festival receiving well over 30,000 visitors in a single day. It is organised and run by The Philippine Centre but draws Filipino community groups and businesses from all over the UK. The Barrio Fiesta sa London moved location in 2013 and is now held in Apps Court Farm, [[Walton-on-Thames]].

==Notable individuals==
{{further|:Category:British people of Filipino descent|:Category:Filipino British musicians}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Philippines|United Kingdom}}
* [[British East and Southeast Asian]]
* [[Philippines - United Kingdom relations]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* Kanlungan [https://www.kanlungan.org.uk/] Kanlungan is a registered charity which is a consortium of grassroots community organisations working closely together for the welfare and interests of migrants, refugees, diaspora communities from the Philippines and Southeast Asia living in the UK.
* [http://phil-uk.com/ Phil-UK], a website for young Filipinos living in the UK.
* [http://www.philippinecentre.com/ Philippine Centre], a UK Charity providing advice & support to UK Filipinos.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080304095622/http://www.philemb.org.uk/ Philippine Embassy] Philippine Embassy in the UK.
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/cumbria/content/articles/2006/02/02/little_pinoy_fun_feature.shtml Filipinos in Barrow-in-Furness]
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/OPMUK/ One Pinoy Masons UK] - The Official Group of Filipino Masons in the United Kingdom.
* [https://creativeheartsunited.org.uk/ Creative Hearts United] Creative Hearts United is a charitable organisation with a rich history of supporting arts and cultural endeavours, and cultivating talent to enhance the well-being of the Filipino community in Yorkshire.

{{Overseas Filipinos}}
{{AsiansinUK}}

[[Category:Asian diaspora in the United Kingdom|Filipino]]
[[Category:British people of Filipino descent|*]]
[[Category:Filipino diaspora by country|United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Philippines–United Kingdom relations]]

Erling Persson

2025-04-23T09:27:06Z

84.232.151.72:

{{Short description|Swedish businessman}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Erling Persson
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|1|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Borlänge]], Sweden
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|10|28|1917|1|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| children = [[Stefan Persson (magnate)|Stefan Persson]] [[Lottie Tham]]
| relatives = [[Karl-Johan Persson]] (grandson) [[Charlotte Söderström]] (granddaughter) [[Tom Persson]] (grandson)
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for = Founder of [[H&M]]
| occupation =
}}
'''Erling Persson''' (21 January 1917 – 28 October 2002) was the founder of [[H&M]] (Hennes & Mauritz).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1412974/Erling-Persson.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|title=Erling Persson obituary|date=13 November 2002|accessdate=28 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="independent">{{cite news |title=Erling Persson: Founder of the fashion retailer H&M |first=Linda |last=Watson |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=2 November 2002 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/erling-persson-603055.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619135124/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/erling-persson-603055.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2010 |accessdate=25 September 2010}}</ref> He got the idea following a post-[[World War II]] trip to the United States: he was impressed by the country's efficient, high-volume stores.<ref name=independent />

He established the company in [[Västerås]], Sweden, in 1947 selling women's clothing, calling it ''Hennes,'' Swedish for "hers." In 1968, Persson acquired the premises and [[inventory]] of a [[Stockholm]] hunting equipment store named Mauritz Widforss.
In 1982, his son, [[Stefan Persson (magnate)|Stefan Persson]] took over as the [[managing director]], and today is the [[chairman of the board]].<ref name=independent /> The Persson family owns about 47% of the company and has a 74% voting rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e24.no/a/24555099|title=H&M-leverandører sparker tusenvis av misfornøyde ansatte|last=E24|website=E24|language=nb|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref> He died in Stockholm on 28 October 2002.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Persson, Erling}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Swedish businesspeople in fashion]]
[[Category:People from Borlänge]]
[[Category:Persson family|Erling]]

WWCR

2025-04-20T07:59:03Z

84.232.151.72:

{{short description|Shortwave Christian radio station in Nashville, Tennessee, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox radio station
| name = WWCR
| logo = WWCR logo.gif
| city = [[Nashville, Tennessee]]
| country = US
| area = Worldwide
| branding = World Wide Christian Radio
| frequency = [[Shortwave radio|Shortwave]]: Various
| airdate = {{start date and age|1989|6}}
| format = [[Christian radio]]; brokered programming
| power = 100,000 watts
| owner = F.W. Robbert Broadcasting
| website = {{URL|http://www.wwcr.com/}}
| affiliations = [[Genesis Communications Network]]
| callsign_meaning = "World Wide Christian Radio"
}}

'''WWCR''' is a [[shortwave radio|shortwave]] radio station located in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], in the United States. WWCR uses four 100 [[kW]] transmitters to broadcast on about a dozen frequencies.

WWCR mainly leases out its four transmitters to religious organizations and speakers. It served as the shortwave home of [[Genesis Communications Network]]'s programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcnlive.com/assets/forms/shortwaveSchedule.pdf |access-date=September 11, 2023|title=GCN SHORTWAVE SCHEDULE}}</ref> However, it does air a few hours of original programming per week.

F.W. Robbert Broadcasting also owns the [[AM broadcasting|AM]] ([[mediumwave]]) stations [[WNQM]] in Nashville, [[WMQM]] and [[WLRM]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[WITA]] in [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]], and [[WVOG]] in [[New Orleans]]. Some of WWCR's programming is also broadcast on these local stations.

== History ==
Originally known as "World Wide Country Radio", WWCR began broadcasting a [[Country music|country]] format but quickly switched to a standard [[Evangelicalism|evangelical Christian]] format, also selling leased airtime. Because of the station's policy of leasing airtime, and loose standards, WWCR acquired an early reputation for carrying an eclectic mix of political and entertainment programming in addition to the religious programs. WWCR continues to carry a daily hour of country music as a callback to its original format. The majority of the political commentary on the station is of a [[right wing|conservative]] or [[far right|ultra-conservative]] nature with extensive discussion on [[conspiracy theories]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carlabrooksjohnston.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=138%3Aalias-hate-radio&catid=60%3Aarticles&Itemid=68|title=Hate Radio|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209223959/http://www.carlabrooksjohnston.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=138%3Aalias-hate-radio&catid=60%3Aarticles&Itemid=68|archive-date=December 9, 2013|access-date=September 11, 2023|first=Carla B|last=Johnston}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://archive.adl.org/presrele/dirab_41/2655_41.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045543/http://archive.adl.org/presrele/dirab_41/2655_41.html|title=ADL REPORT FINDS RIGHT-WING EXTREMISTS USE SHORTWAVE RADIO TO TARGET U.S. AUDIENCES; ASKS FCC TO INVESTIGATE POSSIBLE VIOLATION OF REGULATIONS |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=September 11, 2023}}</ref>

A December 1997 broadcast by [[Ted Gunderson]] over WWCR later became the subject of a court case. In that case, lawyers for [[Art Bell]] claimed that the broadcast had implied he had been charged with [[Child sexual abuse|child molestation]]. A defamation lawsuit against the station was settled in October 2000 and Art Bell claimed that WWCR had apologized for the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/F0005.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001202164100/http://www.coasttocoastam.com/F0005.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 2, 2000|title=Coast to Coast AM — Art Bell Lawsuit Statement Oct 20, 2000|date=December 2, 2000}}</ref> Ted Gunderson disputes that any apology was ever made and asserts that the case was entirely baseless.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=137884152254825718 |title=The Story of the Art Bell Lawsuit |access-date=December 27, 2008 |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418114612/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=137884152254825718 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Transmitters ==
All four WWCR transmitters operate 24/7, shifting frequencies throughout the day, each with 100 kilowatts of broadcast power. All frequencies in [[megahertz]], directions in (parentheses).<ref>[https://www.wwcr.com/transmitter-sched.html WWCR summer transmitter schedule], retrieved September 8, 2023</ref>

;WWCR-1 (46° NE):  Off air
;WWCR-2 (85° E): 12.160 day, 7.49 morning, 9.35 evening, 5.935 night
;WWCR-3 (40° NE): 13.845 day, 4.84 night
;WWCR-4 (90° E): 9.98 day, 7.52 evening, 5.89 night

7.49 is shared with [[WBCQ (SW)|WBCQ]], which holds rights to the frequency from noon to midnight.<ref>[http://wbcq.com/schedule/index.php?fn=sked&freq=7490 WBCQ schedule for 7490], retrieved September 7, 2023</ref>

== Programming ==

Transmitter 4 is almost entirely leased out to the Overcomer Ministry and the estate of [[Brother Stair|R. G. Stair]]. The University Network run by the estate of [[Gene Scott]] also operates a 16-hour daily schedule split across transmitters 2 and 3. The remainder of WWCR's schedule is devoted mostly to religious [[brokered programming]]. A limited amount of political talk remains on the channel, less so since [[Genesis Communications Network]] dropped its programming from WWCR ahead of its May 2024 shutdown; remaining hosts of secular programs include [[Hal Turner]], [[TheReportOfTheWeek|John Jurasek]] and [[Pat Boone]].<ref>[https://www.wwcr.com/program-guides/WWCR_Program_Guide.pdf WWCR Program Guide], retrieved April 23, 2024</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Shortwave listening]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.wwcr.com/ WWCR Shortwave] official site
* [http://wwcr.com/transmitter-sched.html Current transmitter schedules]
* [http://wwcr.com/program-guides/WWCR_Program_Guide.pdf Current program schedule]
* [http://transition.fcc.gov/ib/sand/neg/hf_web/WWCR.txt FCC information for WWCR] (not up-to-date)

{{coord|36.17|-86.78|type:landmark_region:US-TN|display=title}}

{{Nashville Radio}}
{{US Shortwave Radio}}

[[Category:Radio stations in Nashville, Tennessee|WCR]]
[[Category:Christian radio stations in Tennessee|WCR]]
[[Category:Shortwave radio stations in the United States]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1989]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Conservative media in the United States]]

Filipino TV

2025-04-19T18:51:04Z

84.232.151.72:

{{short description|Canadian exempt Category B Tagalog language specialty channel}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Filipino TV
| logo = Filipino TV logo.png
| logo_caption = '''Filipino TV logo'''
| logo_size = 120px
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2004|6|23}}
| language = [[Filipino language|Filipino]]
| picture_format = [[480i]] ([[SDTV]])
| network =
| owner = Ethnic Channels Group
| country = [[Canada]]
| area = National
| headquarters = [[Markham, Ontario|120 Amber Street Markham, Ontario]]
| former_names = ECG Filipino (2004–2005) The Mabuhay Channel (2005–2008)
| website = {{URL|https://www.myfilipinotv.com}}
}}

'''Filipino TV (FTV)''' is a [[Television in Canada|Canadian]] exempt [[Category B services|Category B]] [[Tagalog language]] [[specialty channel]] and is owned by Ethnic Channels Group (ECG). It broadcasts news and public affairs from the [[Philippines]] and locally produce Canadian content on a daily basis.

==History==
[[File:ECG Filipino TV.png|left|thumb|Old Filipino TV Logo]]
[[File:Filipino TV logo.svg|right|120px|thumb|Logo used as Filipino TV (2008-2016)]]
[[Image:Mabuhay Channel logo.png|120px|right|thumb|Logo used while under the name '''The Mabuhay Channel''']]
[[File:FilipinoTVVehicle.jpg|thumb|Vehicle with current logo at Filipino TV HQ.]]
In September 2003, ECG was granted approval from the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] (CRTC) to launch a specialty channel called Filipino TV, described as ''"an ethnic Category 21 specialty television service... targeting the Filipino-speaking community."''<ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2003/db2003-443.htm Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2003-443] CRTC 09-04-03</ref>

The channel launched on June 23, 2004,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050212163455/http://www.ethnicchannels.com/ ECG website - archive 02-12-05] dated release 06-23-04</ref> along with 3 other channels from ECG, initially on Rogers Cable. It launched under the name '''ECG Filipino''' and featured programming from now-defunct [[Pinoy Central TV]]. In late 2005, the channel was renamed '''The Mabuhay Channel Canada''' via an agreement with The Mabuhay Channel, a new Filipino channel that had launched in the United States. The Mabuhay Channel was a partnership of five different Filipino broadcasters: [[TV5 (Philippines)|ABC]] Channel 5 (now TV5), [[People's Television Network|NBN]] Channel 4 (now PTV), [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC]] Channel 13, CCI Asia Group (ISLA & Juice), and [[Viva Entertainment]]. It was created exclusively for Filipinos living abroad by Philippine Multimedia Systems Inc. (PMSI), the only DTH satellite broadcaster in the Philippines.

In August 2008, The Mabuhay Channel was dropped by [[Dish Network]], the only provider who carried the channel in the US. As a result of this, the channel ceased broadcasting and on August 18, 2008. Ethnic Channels Group re-branded the channel yet again this time calling it '''FTV- Filipino TV'''.

Coinciding with the launch of Filipino TV, Ethnic Channels announced a partnership with Filipino-Canadian production company Minerva Studio, whereby Minerva would produce several original productions for FTV.<ref>[http://kapisanan.wordpress.com/2008/08/18/ftv-minerva-are-on-air/ FTV & Minerva are On Air]</ref>

On November 4, 2014, the CRTC approved Ethnic Channel Group's request to convert Filipino TV from a licensed [[Category B services|Category B]] specialty service to an exempted category B third language service.<ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2014/2014-568.htm FTV-Filipino TV (formerly Filipino TV) - Revocation of licence]</ref>

In December 2016, the channel underwent a rebranding, introducing a new logo and additional programming including locally produced programming from all provinces.<ref>[http://usa.inquirer.net/732/filipino-tv-expand-growing-filipino-canadian-community Filipino TV to expand for growing Filipino-Canadian community] Inquirer 12-29-16</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Ethnic Channels Group}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Filipino TV}}
[[Category:Specialty television channels in Canada]]
[[Category:Multicultural and ethnic television in Canada]]
[[Category:Filipino-Canadian culture]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2004]]

Bayon Television

2025-04-19T17:17:42Z

84.232.151.72:

{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Bayon Television
| logo = Bayonhead.png
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_alt =
| image =
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|1998}}
| language = [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
| picture_format = [[576i]] ([[PAL]]) 576i ([[SDTV]]) [[1080i]] ([[HDTV]])
| network =
| owner = Bayon High Media System
| key_people = Hun Mana
| country = Cambodia
| area =
| headquarters = Phum Russei Sraoh, Sangkat Nirouth, [[Khan Chbar Ampov]], [[Phnom Penh]], Cambodia
| former_names =
| replaced =
| sister_channels = 95.0 Bayon FM BTV News
| timeshift_service =
| website = {{URL|http://www.bayontv.com.kh|bayontv.com.kh}}
| terr_serv_1 = [[Analog television|Analogue]]
| terr_chan_1 = Channel 27 ([[UHF]])
}}
'''Bayon Television''' ('''Bayon TV'''; {{langx|km|ទូរទស្សន៍បាយ័ន}}) is a [[Television in Cambodia|Cambodian]] [[free-to-air]] [[television network]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://bayontv.com.kh/|title=BayonTV {{!}} Bayon Television Site|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> Bayon TV broadcasts from 06:00 to midnight.

== History ==
It was launched in January 1998 by [[Hun Mana]], oldest daughter of prime minister [[Hun Sen]].<ref name=":0" /> It is the second private television station and the first UHF channel in Cambodia (channel 27 in Phnom Penh), yet it did have two VHF relay stations. The name was selected in homage to King Jayavarman VII "Bayon" and uses an image of Brahma as its logo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000918223439/http://www.bayontv.com.kh/background.htm Background]</ref>

==Brand==
=== Logo history ===
{|class="wikitable"
!Years
!Description
|---
|1998
|An oval in Cambodian flag colours with [[Bayon]] inside and the word បាយ័ន.
|}

===Theme song===

*[[Nokor Reach|Cambodian national anthem]]

==See also==
*[[List of television stations in Cambodia]]
*[[Media of Cambodia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bayontv.com.kh/ Official website] {{in lang|km}}

{{ASEAN TV}}
{{TV in Cambodia}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Television stations in Cambodia]]
[[Category:Mass media in Phnom Penh]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Cambodia]]

Yes Base

2025-04-18T17:04:41Z

84.232.151.72:

{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Yes Stars Base
| logo_size = 194px
| logo = Yes_stars_base_logo.png
| logo_caption = Yes Stars Base intertitle
| launch_date = December 14, 2008
| picture_format = [[576i]] ([[SDTV]] [[16:9]], [[4:3]]) [[1080i]] ([[HDTV]])
| country = [[Israel]]
| owner = '''[[Yes (Israel)|Yes]]''' (Israel's satellite television provider)
| former_names = Yes Stars 3 (2007-2008)
| website =
}}

'''Yes Stars Base''' (styled as '''Yes Stars Base''')<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-16 |title=ערוץ סדרות חדש ב-yes - וואלה ברנז'ה |url=http://b.walla.co.il/item/1379323 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=וואלה |language=he}}</ref> is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - ''[[Yes (Israel)|Yes]]'', which broadcasts [[United States|American]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] TV shows joint with ''[[Hot (Israel)|Hot]]'s'' channel ''HOT3'' before it was moved to ''Hot Family''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=קריסטל |first=מירב |date=2008-11-16 |title=מסתמן: צופי yes ייפרדו מערוץ 3 |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3623713,00.html |access-date=2024-05-30 |work=Ynet |language=he}}</ref> The channel aired on December 14, 2008, on channel 15 - as part of the latest television shows' channels re-brand by ''Yes''. The channel replaced the former ''Yes Stars 3''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=yes משיקה את לוח חורף 2010 |url=https://www.news1.co.il/Archive/0020-D-224163-00.html}}</ref> Shows like ''[[The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle]]'' and [[Kyle XY]] are broadcast on this channel.

In December 2009, Yes Base moved to channel 16 toward the re-brand of Yes Stars 2010 channels.

On November 4, 2015, yes Base ceased operations.

==Picture Formats==
''Yes Stars Base'' airs shows in four formats:
* Normal (4:3)
* [[Letterboxed]] (4:3)
* [[Pan and scan|Pan & Scan]] (4:3)
* [[Widescreen]] (16:9)

In order to watch widescreen (16:9) shows on a 4:3 TV, there are three options for viewing the picture:
* '''4:3 Letterbox (Widescreen with black bars - Original Aspect Ratio)'''
* '''16:9 [[Anamorphic widescreen|(Anamorphic Widescreen)]]'''
* '''4:3 (Pan & scan)'''

Choosing the format of the picture is in the digital [[set-top box]] setup. The setup does not affect shows not broadcast in Widescreen.

==History of the channel==
[[Image:Yesstars3.PNG|thumb|left|90px|The logo of yes stars 3 from March 4, 2007 and until March 13, 2008.]]

On March 4, 2007, ''yes'' replaced the channel ''Channel 3 of yes'' - which was actually [[Channel 3 (Israel)|Channel 3]] and has been cancelled on March 3 - with ''yes stars 3'', as part of the re-brand of the foreign TV shows channels and expanding [[Yes Stars|yes stars]] to 3 channels - ''[[Yes Stars Drama|yes stars 1]]'', ''[[Yes Stars Action|yes stars 2]]'' and ''yes stars 3''.

[[Image:Yes stars 3 2008.png|thumb|right|120px|The logo of yes stars 3 from March 14, 2008 and until December 13, 2008.]]

On March 14, 2008, as part of a new re-brand of the television shows channels on ''yes'', ''yes stars 3'' obtained a new logo.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.yes.co.il/}}
{{Portal|Israel|Media}}

{{Television in Israel}}

[[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015]]
[[Category:Television channels in Israel]]
[[Category:Yes (Israel)]]
[[Category:Defunct television channels in Israel]]

{{Israel-media-stub}}
{{Asia-tv-station-stub}}