wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Chillington Hall

2025-03-10T12:24:41Z

81.108.52.62: /* Filming Location */ Removed outdated info.

{{Short description|Country house in Staffordshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Historic building
|image=Chillington Hall (2).jpg
|caption=front view
|name=Chillington Hall
|location_town=[[Brewood]], [[Staffordshire]]
|location_country=[[England]]
|architect=[[Francis Smith (architect)|Francis Smith]]
|client=Giffard family
|coordinates=
|engineer=
|construction_start_date=
|completion_date=1724
|date_demolished=
|cost=
|structural_system=
|style=[[Georgian architecture|Georgian]]

}}
'''Chillington Hall''' is a [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] [[English country house|country house]] near [[Brewood]], [[Staffordshire]], [[England]], four miles northwest of [[Wolverhampton]]. It is the residence of the [[Giffard]] family. The [[Grade I listed]] house was designed by [[Francis Smith (architect)|Francis Smith]] in 1724 and [[John Soane]] in 1785. The park and lake were landscaped by [[Capability Brown]].

==History==
In the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, Chillington (Cillintone) is entered under [[Warwickshire]] as forming part of the estates of William FitzCorbucion. His grandson Peter Corbesun of Studley granted Chillington to Peter Giffard, his wife's nephew, for a sum of 25 marks and a charger of metal.

The present house is the third on the site. In the 12th century there was a stone castle on the site, a small corner of which can be seen in the cellars of the present house, and beside it the original house. This house was replaced in the 16th century by [[John Giffard (died 1556)|Sir John Giffard]], who was [[High Sheriff of Staffordshire]] on five occasions. Peter Giffard began the third building by demolishing and replacing part of Sir John's Tudor house in 1724. This rebuilding replaced the existing south front of three storeys in red facing bricks with stone dressing.

In about 1725, Peter Giffard planted the long avenue of oak trees which formed the original approach to the house, but he probably incorporated many existing trees. During the 1770s, [[Capability Brown]] designed the landscape park and lake to the south of the house for Thomas Giffard the elder.

There are a number of Grade II and Grade II* listed structures on the estate. The Grade II* listed [[dovecote]] and stable block were on the [[Heritage at Risk Register|Buildings at Risk Register]] but were removed in 2009 following repair work.<ref>{{cite web|title=English Heritage Heritage at Risk Regional Summaries: West Midlands |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/har-2010-regional-summaries/wm-har-leaflet-2010/ |website=historicengland.org.uk |accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> Restoration work had commenced in 2008 under [[John Giffard (police officer)|John Giffard]], former chief constable of [[Staffordshire Police]].<ref>{{cite news |title=By George, what a splendid makeover |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2009/07/22/by-george-what-a-splendid-makeover/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Wolverhampton Express & Star |language=en}}</ref>

===Filming Location===
In 2023 the Hall was used as a filming location for the ITV1 and ITVx drama '''Joan'''. Set in the 1980s and based on a true story. <ref>https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/gallery/behind-scenes-itvs-joan-filmed-29947046</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]
* [[Listed buildings in Brewood and Coven]]

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.chillingtonhall.co.uk Chillington Hall] Official Website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101121181334/http://dicamillocompanion.com/houses_detail.asp?ID=444 Chillington Hall entry from The DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses]
*{{NHLE |num=1060191 |desc=Grade I}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002105750/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option%2Ccom_parksandgardens/task%2Csite/id%2C792/Itemid%2C293/ Parks and Gardens UK] - Chillington record

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{coord|52.6585|N|2.2029|W|type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Structures formerly on the Heritage at Risk register]]
[[Category:Country houses in Staffordshire]]
[[Category:Grade I listed houses in Staffordshire]]
[[Category:John Soane buildings]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]
[[Category:Gardens by Capability Brown]]

The Bash Street Kids

2025-02-14T17:24:43Z

81.108.52.62: /* Fatty */

{{Short description|British comic strip series}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2022}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Beano team or group
|img_size=300
|name=The Bash Street Kids
|start_issue=604
|cameo={{ubl|''[[Pup Parade]]''|''Says Smiffy''|''[[Simply Smiffy]]''|''Queen Tootie''|''Where's Kevin?''}}|image=Bash street kids.JPG|caption=|stars=The Bash Street Kids [began as ''When the Bell Rings'']
|writer={{ubl|[[Tommy Donbavand]] (2014-2016)|[[Andy Fanton]] (2016 –)}}
|creator={{ubl|[[Leo Baxendale]] (1954 – 1962)|[[David Sutherland (comics)|David Sutherland]] (1962 – 2023)|Shannon Gallant (2020 – )}}
|start_date=13 February 1954
|format=Weekly
|first=604|type=School friends in Bash Street School's Class 2B|members={{ubl|Herbert "'Erbert" Hoover|Frederick "Freddy" Brown|[[Plug (comics)|Percival "Plug" Plugsley]]|Sidney Pye|[[Simply Smiffy|Aristotle Smiffy]]|James "Scotty" Cameron|Kate "Toots" Pye|Wilfrid Wimble|Daniel "Danny" Morgan}}|add_members=|honor=|ally=|enemy=Cuthbert Cringeworthy, Head, Teacher|others=Teddy, Ella, Jimmy, Gasbag, Janitor, Olive, Winston|beano={{ubl|''The Bash Street Kids Annual''|''[[The Beano Annual]]''}}|franchise=|DCT={{ubl|''[[The Wizard (DC Thomson)|The Wizard]]''|''[[Plug (comics)|Plug]]''}}
}}
'''''The Bash Street Kids''''' is a [[comic strip]] in the British comic magazine ''[[The Beano]]''. It also appeared briefly in [[The Wizard (DC Thomson)|The Wizard]] as series of prose stories in 1955. The strip, created by [[Leo Baxendale]] as '''''When the Bell Rings!''''', first appeared in issue 604.<ref name="issue1"/> It became ''The Bash Street Kids'' in 1956 and has become a regular feature, appearing in every issue. From 1962, until his death in 2023, [[David Sutherland (comics)|David Sutherland]] drew over 3000 strips in his time as illustrator.

== History ==
Like many long-running UK comic strips, ''The Bash Street Kids'' is mostly frozen in the era when it began. It portrays Class 2B of the Bash Street School in Beanotown, where the teacher and headmaster wear [[gown]]s and the pupils sit at wood desks with [[inkwell]]s. They are taught by a stereotypical "Teacher", whose wife is "Mrs Teacher". The characters were inspired by the view from the [[D. C. Thomson & Co.]] office windows, overlooking the [[High School of Dundee]] playground. According to Leo Baxendale, "In fact, the catalyst for my creation of Bash Street was a [[Carl Giles|Giles]] cartoon of January 1953: kids pouring out of school, heads flying off and sundry mayhems. Straight away, I pencilled a drawing of 'The Kids of Bash Street School' and posted it from my home in Preston to R. D. Low, the managing editor of D.C. Thomson's children's publications in Dundee. I received an offhand response, a dampener. It was only after I'd created [[Little Plum]] (April 1953) and [[Minnie the Minx]] (September 1953) that the Beano editor George Moonie travelled to Preston on 20 October 1953 and asked me to go ahead with Bash Street (he gave it the provisional title of 'When The Bell Goes'; when it appeared in The Beano in February 1954, it was titled 'When The Bell Rings')." Over time, the Bash Street School's large number of pupils slowly shrank to its trademark ten. When they first appeared, the strips consisted of the kids outside school; the settings were increasingly inside the school, and the strip was retitled ''The Bash Street Kids'' on 11 November 1956 with "the kids" preparing for a pantomime.<ref>edition of 11 November 1956</ref>

In 1994 (the Kids' 40th anniversary), it was announced that ''The Bash Street Kids'' would be overhauled to appeal to a more politically correct, modern audience. Changes included the replacement of Danny's trademark school hat by a top hat, Fatty becoming fit and muscular and Tom-boy Toots acting more feminine. The school would be replaced by a technologically advanced "academy", and Teacher by a robot. A protest began, accompanied by petitions and publicity stunts throughout Britain, demanding that the characters remain the same. The proposal turned out to be a hoax when the story introducing the new Bash Street Kids saw them in their old ways. Editor Euan Kerr was pleased with the fan response, saying that the publication "even got death threats!"<ref>History of The Beano – The Story So Far... pg. 297</ref> Shortly afterwards, an animated adaptation was produced as a segment of ''The Beano Video Stars''.
By 2000 ''The Bash Street Kids'' was a feature-length strip, filling an entire ''Beano'' book. Often drawn by Mike Pearce and Kev F. Sutherland, during the late 2000s the strips moved to ''Beano'' sister publication ''[[BeanoMAX]]'' (where they were drawn by Nigel Parkinson). These feature-length strips were more detailed, delving into an obscure character's personality and introducing new traits. Spotty was revealed as sarcastic and aggressive, while Plug was a more sympathetic, emotional character. The strips detailed a rivalry between the kids and the comic's cover star, [[Dennis the Menace and Gnasher|Dennis the Menace]]. Mike Pearce soon began penciling a spin-off from the original strip, ''The Bash Street Kids – Singled Out'', a single-page comic concentrating on one "kid" a week. Pearce retired, the strips were taken over by Tom Paterson before being mothballed and they were later collected into two annuals.

As Dennis the Menace was revamped, he appeared less with other ''Beano'' characters and more by himself due to the popularity of his new TV series. ''The Bash Street Kids'' now has three spin-offs: ''Simply Smiffy'', ''Winston'' and ''The Bash Street Burp''. In the July 2013 75th-birthday edition of ''The Beano'', a lane near [[Dundee]]'s West Marketgait was named Bash Street;<ref name="Watson">{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=Norman |title=Dundee. A comprehensive guide for locals and visitors |date=2015 |publisher=Luath Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-910745-19-9 |page=75}}</ref><ref>It has been suggested that (while other streets have been named after fictitious people and places), Bash Street is the first street to be named after a fictitious ''street''</ref> whereas an anniversary strip showed Bash Street School being destroyed; the characters relocated to Beano High.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sutherland |first=David |title=The Bash Street Kids |year=2013 |publisher=The Beano |pages=Page 1 |url=http://tinypic.com/usermedia.php?uo=a6BMdyuA%2FVwfYml12MF6XYh4l5k2TGxc#.UjeenryE7Qw}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sutherland |first=David |title=The Bash Street Kids |year=2013 |publisher=The Beano |url=http://tinypic.com/usermedia.php?uo=a6BMdyuA%2FVzYaQw1FYuIVIh4l5k2TGxc#.Ujee_7yE7Qw}}</ref>

In May 2021, the character "Fatty" was renamed "Freddy", in an attempt to stop children using the name as an insult for overweight peers.<ref name="Telegraph">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/05/21/beano-replace-character-fatty-freddy-stop-children-using-name/ "The Beano to replace character Fatty with Freddy to stop children using name as insult for overweight peers"]. ''The Telegraph''. London. 21 May 2021.</ref> The character "Spotty" was renamed "Scotty" in December 2021.

In June 2021, two new characters, Harsha and Mandi, were introduced to the strip. Harsha already appeared in another strip, Har Har's Joke Shop, which is about her family and the joke shop her father Hari "Har Har" Chandra owns. Mandi previously had her own occasional strip that dealt with mental health issues to promote the charity YoungMinds, and as such her main trait is that she worries about things.

In June 2022, three more characters, Stevie, Khadija, and Mahira, were introduced to the strip. All three had their own strips prior to their addition. In addition, Cuthbert was given more of a spotlight from this point onwards, as he only showed up in the strip on different occasions throughout the year.

== Class 2B ==
The strip features Class 2B, which contains fifteen pupils.

=== Danny ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Danny
| stars = The Bash Street Kids
| first_issue = 604
| first_date = 13 February 1954
| full_name1 = Daniel Deathshead Morgan, Danny Morgan(2023)
| job1 = Student
| refs = <ref name="issue1"/>
}}

Daniel Deathshead "Danny" Morgan,<ref name=":2">[http://www.beano.com/media/1338886/wizardbsk.pdf The Wizard 1955] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222203534/http://www.beano.com/media/1338886/wizardbsk.pdf |date=22 December 2013 }}</ref> was the first identified member of the roguish members of Class 2B, first appearing in the comic strip's debut and becoming the leader after he gave each kid a [[wine gum]].<ref name="issue1">{{Cite magazine |title=When the Bell Rings |date=1954-02-13 |magazine=[[The Beano]] |publisher=D.C. Thomson & Co |issue=604 }}</ref> Danny often devises the kids' pranks and escape routes from school. Although he is clever he does poorly in school, primarily due to his laziness and short attention span. Danny is often described as having the "soul of a pirate", the reason he gets caught up in rebellious schemes and boisterous activities. Like most of the other characters he is usually rude to adults, once asking Smiffy to speak up because he couldn't hear him over Teacher. In later strips Danny has some respect for Teacher, often helping him out of trouble. Although he hates school, like the other children he found it hard to cope when the Bash Street School was closed.<ref>[http://utproductions.co.uk/comicpages.html Bash Street Kids – School's Out] Beano 2006</ref> As the leader Danny is prone to conceit, and in the 2006 ''Beano'' annual he announces that his [[conkers|conker]] is indestructible in a competition. His swelled head is often deflated by a fellow student. In the present, Danny usually wears a [[Jolly Roger|skull and crossbones]] [[Sweater|jumper]] and a floppy red school cap.

Danny seems especially close to Toots, calling her his second-in-command, and is most annoyed by Smiffy's stupidity and Spotty's sarcasm.<ref name="FindersKeepers">{{cite book |last=Pearse |first=Mike |title=Finders Keepers |year=2000 |publisher=The Beano #3025 |url=http://signorestudios.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/mike-pearse-finders-keepers.html}}</ref> He occasionally enjoys making fun of Plug's looks and Fatty's weight. Danny has an intense rivalry with Dennis the Menace, highlighted in a strip where the two compete to find a treasure under [[The O2 Arena]] and ending with Danny outwitting Dennis;<ref name="FindersKeepers" /> they often argue in crossover strips. Although Danny also dislikes [[Roger the Dodger]] (although he is willing to use him) and [[Minnie the Minx]], their rivalries are not as intense and he once had a crush on Minnie. He is a central character in ''The Beano Interactive DVD'' with Dennis, Gnasher, Minnie the Minx and [[Roger the Dodger]].

=== 'Erbert ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Herbert Hoover
| stars = The Bash Street Kids
| first_issue = 696
| first_date = 19 November 1955
| first = 696
| last =
| full_name1 = Herbert Henry Hoover
| job1 = Student
| refs = <ref name="i696">{{Cite magazine |title=When the Bell Rings |date=1955-11-19 |magazine=[[The Beano]] |publisher=D.C. Thomson & Co. |issue=696 }}</ref>
}}
Herbert Henry "'Erbert" Hoover<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/beano-superstars-erbert |title=Beano Superstars – 'Erbert – Beano.com }}</ref> is a short-sighted boy who struggles to see even with his spectacles, first appearing in issue 696.<ref name="i696"/> 'Erbert is considered the least-mischievous student,<ref name=":6">{{cite web |url=http://tinypic.com/usermedia.php?uo=a6BMdyuA%2FVxXvCUMEmYQT4h4l5k2TGxc#.UjeZt7yE7Qw |title=User Media – TinyPic – Free Image Hosting, Photo Sharing & Video Hosting |work=tinypic.com |access-date=18 February 2015}}</ref> Beano Top Trumps – Erbert is least menacing of all Bash Street Kids and is said to resemble a human mole.<ref>''[http://thebeanocomics.tumblr.com/post/61518348786/the-bash-street-super-kids-by-graham-manley-the Bash Street Super Kids]'' from Beano Annual 2003</ref> Except for Cuthbert, the rest of the class have fun swapping his thick-rimmed glasses with others and seeing the resultant mayhem. In older strips, the character is sometimes called Herbert instead of 'Erbert. His short-sightedness is shared by his parents, who have ended up in different parts of town on many parents' evenings.

Feature-length strips and crossovers brand most of 'Erbert's mischief as accidental or the result of misdirection. During an escape, 'Erbert is usually bumping into a wall or running in the opposite direction. His short-sightedness is renowned; in ''The Beano Annual 2000'' the characters take a cruise to [[Perth, Australia|Perth]], only to reach shore at [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], Scotland. When they go to the captain's quarters, they discover that 'Erbert has put himself in charge of the ship.

Although he is quiet and friendly, 'Erbert can wreak as much havoc as his classmates. He is a source of entertainment for the others; Sidney and Spotty once send him into a field full of [[Cow dung|cow pats]], with misleading directions for getting out. Despite this, they consider him "one of the kids". When he moves to the Bash Street Academy 'Erbert receives contact lenses to improve his sight, discarding them when he returns to his old school.

=== Fatty ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Frederick Brown
| stars = The Bash Street Kids
| first_issue = 607
| first_date = 6 March 1954
| first = 607
| last =
| enemy1 =
| friends1 =
| job1 = Student
| refs = <ref name="i607"/>
}}
Frederick Joseph Brown<ref name=:2 /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/beano-superstars-fatty |title=Beano Superstars – Fatty – Beano.com }}</ref> (formerly nicknamed Fatty, now nicknamed Freddy) first appeared in issue 607.<ref name=i607>{{Cite magazine |title=When the Bell Rings |date=1954-03-06 |magazine=The Beano |publisher=D.C. Thomson & Co. |issue=607 }}</ref> He is a large, round boy who is always eating,<ref>{{cite book |last=Pearse |first=Mike |title=Fatty – Singled Out |publisher=The Beano |url=http://thebeanocomics.tumblr.com/post/61517191368/fatty-singled-out-by-mike-pearse}}</ref> only in later strips is he ridiculed for his weight; he usually reacts by trying to prove the others wrong, but earlier he is indifferent. When Danny tricks Freddy into completing a long [[assault course]] to prove his fitness, he breaks the equipment. Although he is usually the only student able to eat school cook Olive's meals without incident, in [[The Beano Annual|the 2009 annual]] her curry makes him ill. Freddy has several stories about him in the Beano Library series. In the academy makeover, he has slimmed down, but regains his former girth after being freed from brainwashing.

Until mid-May 2021, he was nicknamed "Fatty", but was renamed "Freddy" in an attempt to stop children using the name as an insult for overweight peers.<ref name="Telegraph"/>
{{clear}}

=== Plug ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Percival Plugsley
| stars = The Bash Street Kids
| first_issue =606
| first_date = 27 February 1954
| first = 606
| last =
| friends1 =
| full_name1 = Percival Proudfoot Plugsley / Plugseley
| job1 = Student
| DCT = ''[[Plug (comics)|Plug]]''
| refs = <ref name="i606"/>
}}
Percival Proudfoot "Plug" Plugsley<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/beano-superstars-plug |title=Beano Superstars – Plug – Beano.com }}</ref> first appeared in issue 606.<ref name=i606>{{Cite magazine |title=When the Bell Rings |date=1954-02-27 |magazine=The Beano |publisher=D.C. Thomson & Co. |issue=606 }}</ref> He is a lanky, gangling character with a large overbite, protruding ears, two buck teeth and a wide nose. On the cover of ''Plug'' his name is given as Percival Proudfoot Plugsey, although in some earlier strips he is named Claude. Plug's real name is only occasionally used in ''The Beano'', such as in ''Singled Out'' when Teacher addresses him by his full name.<ref>the Beano issue No. 3438 (28 June 2008)</ref> He is originally known as Pug; according to ''The Beano'', the "l" was added when Smiffy had one to spare after misspelling "silly".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3483803.stm "Birthday bash in Bash Street"]. BBC News (13 February 2004).</ref>

Despite, or perhaps because of his appearance Plug is one of the more sympathetic Bash Street Kids, often ready to defend those he feels have been unjustly treated; he once calms Danny down after he loses patience with Smiffy's stupidity. He has on one occasion fainted from seeing his own reflection (after polishing the handles of Teacher's bicycle), and considers himself the most handsome boy in Beanotown.

Plug had [[Plug (comics)|his own comic]] from 1977 to 1979 featuring him and his two pets (Pug from [[Pup Parade]] and Chunkee the Monkey),<ref>[http://www.paulmorris.co.uk/beano/plug.htm Plug Comic]. Paulmorris.co.uk.</ref> and was the first Beano character with a spin-off. ''Plug'' was later incorporated into ''[[The Beezer]]''.

He has two sisters, Plugella and Plugena,<ref>''It's Panto Time'' in The Beano Annual 2003</ref> who closely resemble him. However, in earlier strips his father was shown to be quite handsome (to the confusion of the other kids) and Plug is described as taking after his mother in appearance. In the September 2014 issue of ''The Beano'' he is described as [[Jonah (comics)|Jonah]]'s nephew, implying that he is the son of Jonah's sister Jinx.

With [[Kev F. Sutherland]], Plug had a more dominant role and was frequently a story's main character. In one he has a girlfriend, making him the first Beano character (except for Walter) to do so.<ref>''Pluggy Love'', in the 2008 Beano Annual</ref>

Although Plug received plastic surgery for the Bash Street Academy makeover, he soon returned to his familiar appearance. When he sees his friends brainwashed into behaving, he saves them by installing a virus on the robot teacher's disc drive.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}
{{clear}}

=== Toots ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Toots Pye
| stars = {{ubl|''The Bash Street Kids''|''Queen Toots''}}
| first_issue = 604
| first_date = 13 February 1954
| first = 604
| last =
| job1 = Student
| full_name2 = Kate Pye, Sydney Kate Pye
| full_name3 = Sydney Pye
|refs=<ref name="issue1"/>
}}
Toots Pye {{IPAc-en|'|t|ʊ|t|s}}, whose real name is Sydney Kate Pye, was until May 2021 the only girl in Class 2B. Although she is a [[tomboy]], she does have some feminine interests. One of her biggest interests is [[Association football|football]], and has been shown to be better than all of the boys in her class at it, even when she is against all of them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Time for Toots – Football {{!}} The Bash Street Kids {{!}} Toots on Beano.com |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/time-for-toots-football |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=beano.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> She is also a fan of boy bands and has admitted a crush on Dennis the Menace, sending him a valentine.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Beano #3470 |date=14 February 2009 |publisher=The Beano #3470}}</ref> Although most of the kids dislike Dennis, her friendship with Minnie the Minx is also surprising and she is the only kid to show any warmth to either character.

Surprisingly tough and as bossy as Danny, Toots is the gang's second-in-command and takes charge in Danny's absence. Her bossiness is exemplified in the feature-length ''Queen Toots'', where she discovers she is connected to royalty. When Toots takes advantage of her power, Dennis announces that she cannot boss him around and she puts him in a makeshift prison tower (quickly populated by other ''Beano'' characters and the rest of the kids). She loves music, often pulling a "boogie box" (a CD player) behind her or listening to her headphones instead of Teacher.

Although Toots enjoys the boys' company, she sometimes exhibits disdain, naivete or exasperation at their more boyish behaviour.<ref name=":6" /> In the academy makeover, she wears a frilly dress and her hair and face are made up.
{{clear}}

=== Sidney ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Sidney Pye
| stars =
| first_issue = 622
| first_date = 22 May 1954
| first =
| full_name1 = Sidney Mason Pye, Sidney Pye (2023)
| refs =
}}
Sidney Mason Pye<ref name="BSK-Wizard">{{cite book |last=Baxendale |first=Leo |title=Bash Street Kids in The Wizard |year=1955 |publisher=The Beano |url=http://tinypic.com/usermedia.php?uo=a6BMdyuA%2FVw%2Bg6JufcpZv4h4l5k2TGxc#.UjecmryE7Qw}}</ref> is Toots' younger twin brother by three minutes,<ref name="Beano Superstars – Sidney">{{cite web |title=Beano Superstars – Sidney |year=2022 |publisher=Beano |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/beano-superstars-toots}}</ref> first appearing in issue 622.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=When the Bell Rings |date=1954-05-22 |magazine=The Beano |publisher=D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. |issue=622 }}</ref> His spiked haircut resembles a chimney-sweeping brush. He is a trickster, with Smiffy a frequent target. When the kids rehearse a [[nativity play]], Smiffy asks what sound a sheep makes. Sidney replies "Woof", and he and Wilfred go into hysterics when Smiffy ruins the rehearsal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://signorestudios.blogspot.co.uk/2011/12/mike-pearse-great-bash-street-nativity.html |title=Signore Studios: Mike Pearse – The Great Bash Street Nativity Play |work=signorestudios.blogspot.co.uk |date=23 December 2011 |access-date=18 February 2015}}</ref> He makes pithy remarks about the other kids, to the amusement of those around him; he and Spotty fight several times when the latter is a target.

Sidney loves animals and has a wide variety of pets, from elephants to mice. His mouse is often part of the kids' plans. During the academy makeover, his chimney-brush hair is shaved off and he is apparently hypnotised.
{{clear}}

=== Smiffy ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Smiffy
| stars =
| first_issue = 613
| first_date = 17 April 1954
| first =
| last =
| full_name1 = Aristotle Smith
| job1 = Student
|refs=<ref name="i613" />
}}
Aristotle John Smiffy<ref>{{cite web |author=Beano |title=Beano Superstars – Smiffy |year=2021 |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/beano-superstars-smiffy }}</ref> first appeared in issue 613,<ref name="i613">{{Cite magazine |title=When the Bell Rings |date=1954-04-17 |magazine=The Beano |publisher=D.C. Thomson & Co. |issue=613 }}</ref> and is portrayed as a jovial scatterbrain. When Teacher calls the roll, instead of saying "Present, sir" he says "Gift, miss". Although he is sometimes very kind and intuitive (similar to an [[Savant syndrome|''idiot savant'']]), most of the time he cannot remember what colour the sky is. In his brief involvement in ''The Wizard'', he is given the name John Smith.<ref name="BSK-Wizard" /> Smiffy has appeared in two spin-off strips: the 1971–72 ''Says Smiffy'' and the 1985–87 ''[[Simply Smiffy]]'' (where he appears with his brother, Normal Norman). In 2008 he acquires a pet pebble, Kevin, who has his own feature (''Where's Kevin?'') in ''The Beano'' number 3604. First appearing in a 2008 ''Singled Out'' story, Kevin appears in ''Bash Street Kids'' stories in 2010 and 2011. In the academy makeover Smiffy has a new brain installed, making him the brightest of the kids.

===Scotty ("Spotty")===
{{Beano main character
| name = James Cameron
| stars = The Bash Street Kids
| first_issue = 908
| first_date = 12 December 1959
| first = 908
| last =
| full_name1 = James Scott Cameron
| job1 = Student
}}
James Scott Cameron (formerly nicknamed Spotty, now nicknamed Scotty)<ref name="ReferenceA">the Beano issue No. 4114 (4 December 2021)</ref> is a short boy who wears a blue collared jersey and an extremely long, striped tie. He is proud and protective of the 976 black spots<ref>1981 ''[[The Beano Annual|Beano Annual]]''</ref> covering his face, fending off any attempts to remove them.<ref name=":6" /> Teacher sees him as the mouthiest of the kids; in ''Singled Out'' and feature-length strips, he interrupts the lessons with comments. Scotty is sarcastic, conceited and protective about his masculinity and height. Like Danny he dislikes Dennis the Menace, especially after Dennis menaces him during the latter's 50th-birthday party.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pearse |first=Mike |title=Dennis's Big Birthday Party |year=2001 |publisher=The Beano #3061 |url=http://signorestudios.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/mike-pearse-denniss-big-birthday-party.html}}</ref> In the academy makeover, Scotty's spots and aggressive, sarcastic nature are gone. In late 2021 Scotty declared that he was tired of being defined solely by his spots, leading the other kids to help him choose the new nickname Scotty, taken from his middle name Scott.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
{{clear}}

=== Wilfrid ===
{{Beano main character
| name = Wilfrid
| stars =
| first_issue = 618
| first_date = 22 May 1954
| first = 618
| last =
| full_name1 = Wilfrid John Wimble, Wilfrid Bramble (2023)
| job1 = Student
| refs =
}}
Wilfrid John Wimble<ref>{{cite web |author=Beano |year=2022 |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/beano-superstars-wilfrid |title=Beano Superstars – Wilfrid }}</ref> is the smallest and quietest of the Bash Street Kids, and has social anxiety, his thoughts hidden behind a green jumper going up to his nose. He loves turtles, and resembles a tortoise; his neck is never seen, because when he removes his jumper his vest is just as high.

He is often simply present in the stories, speaking only occasionally. Unlike 'Erbert, most of Wilfrid's mischief is intentional. He hangs around most often with Spotty and 'Erbert and, occasionally, Sidney. In the academy storyline Wilfrid apparently has a large chin under his jersey, but it is prosthetic and he pulls it off.
{{clear}}

===Cuthbert===
{{Beano main character
| name = Cuthbert Cringeworthy
| stars =
| first_issue = 1550
| first_date = 1 April 1972
| first = 1550
| last =
| full_name1 = Cuthbert Jason Cringeworthy, Cuthbert Creeply Cringeworthy (2023)
| job1 =
}}
Cuthbert Jason Cringeworthy, the brightest student in the class, is a teacher's pet and has a name for every letter of the alphabet. First appearing in 1972, he resembles a miniature Teacher (a play on the [[D. C. Thomson & Co.|D. C. Thomson]] comic tradition that pets resemble their owners, like Dennis the Menace and Gnasher) and Walter the Softy from ''Dennis the Menace''. The first thing Danny said about Cuthbert was, "He reminds me of someone I don't particularly like".{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} His character has evolved slightly; although he still [[Cramming (education)|swots]] and is as bright as ever, particularly in longer strips by [[Mike Pearse]] and [[Kev F. Sutherland]] he is one of the gang (unlike earlier strips, where he seemed to dislike the other kids) and sometimes comes up with intelligent ideas to help their cause or save the school. Cuthbert wants to be like the other kids, but although he is liked he does not quite fit in. The school janitor observes that he will never make any friends. Cuthbert is the only kid who wears the school uniform and turns in homework. A school-dance strip hints at a crush on Toots, but she quickly rejects him. Cuthbert appears in the fewest strips of all the characters.
{{clear}}

=== Harsha ===
Harsha Chandra, a British girl of Indian descent,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/sutherland_david.htm | title=David Sutherland }}</ref> joined Class 2B in June 2021. She already appeared in another strip, ''Har Har's Joke Shop'', which is about her family and the joke shop her father Hari "Har Har" Chandra owns. She's a prankster similar to [[Tricky Dicky (Topper)|Tricky Dicky]].

=== Mandi ===
Mandi, full name Mandira Sharma, another British girl of Indian descent,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/sutherland_david.htm | title=David Sutherland }}</ref> also joined Class 2B in June 2021. She previously had her own occasional strip that dealt with mental health issues to promote a charity, and as such her main trait is that she worries about things.

=== Stevie ===
Steven "Super Star" joined Class 2B in Wednesday 8 June 2022. He has his own strip of the same name. He wants to be famous. He is a black <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/sutherland_david.htm | title=David Sutherland }}</ref> British boy, who is part American, as his Dad's side of the family is from there.

=== Khadija ===
Khadija Raad, or Sketch Khad, joined Class 2B in Wednesday 8 June 2022. She is a Muslim <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/sutherland_david.htm | title=David Sutherland }}</ref> and likes to draw on her Sketch pad, with any thing drawn on it coming to life.

=== Mahira ===
Mahira Salim, a British girl of Pakistani descent,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/sutherland_david.htm | title=David Sutherland }}</ref> joined Class 2B in Wednesday 8 June 2022. She has her own strip called ''Mahira of the Match''. She likes football and is often regarded somewhat as a female version of Ball Boy.

== Other characters ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|Teacher (Algernon Cringeworthy, Walter Winterbottom)}}
{{defn|Class 2B's long-suffering teacher, merely called "Teacher". In a 1970s ''Beano Summer Special'', his name was given as Algernon John Cringeworthy. The name Algernon was again referenced in the 1988 book ''Dandy Beano: 50 Golden Years''. However, in [[The Wizard (DC Thomson)|The Wizard]] no 1527 (21 May 1955) he is referred to as Sleepy Sam Snorer. Teacher wears a mortarboard and has a domineering wife, known as Mrs Teacher. He drives an old crank-starter car, often used by the kids in their exploits.}}
{{term|Headmaster (Headward Headington-Hail, Chocolious Biccius, Mr. Headington)}}
{{defn|The pompous, portly school headmaster. Fond of tea and biscuits, he always wears an academic gown and mortarboard. Teacher spends much of his time toadying to Head, and usually addresses him as "Your Headship". In the 2015 ''Beano Annual'', Head has retired to play golf.}}
{{term|Janitor (Fittock Con, Ralf Chustace)}}
{{defn|The school's fat, lazy [[property caretaker|caretaker]], who hates litter and students who break the rules and enjoys bossing Winston the cat around. In the 2017 TV series, ''[[Dennis & Gnasher: Unleashed!]]'', his first name is revealed to be Ralph.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beano.com/posts/all-about-ralph-the-caretaker?channel=dennis-and-gnasher-unleashed-beanotown |title=All About Ralf the Caretaker – Beano.com }}</ref>}}
{{term|Winston}}
{{defn|The school's cat. Anthropomorphic, he often mops the floor with Janitor and wears a similar hat. Although Winston is sometimes shown as the real force behind the school's upkeep, he is often overshadowed by Janitor. Crafty, he often concocts his own schemes when Janitor frustrates him. Winston has his own strip drawn by Paul Palmer, which began in ''Funsize Funnies'' issue #3660.}}
{{term|Olive Sprat}}
{{defn|The school cook (and ''[[The Beano|Beano]]'' office tea lady), who first appeared in the strip in 1981. Although she is kind, her food is terrible; it often looks like it is still alive, and her tea can burn holes through walls. Olive thinks she is a good cook and sees no reason to change her methods, a constant source of worry to the school's pupils and staff. Large boxes of [[Dyspepsia|indigestion]] remedy are occasionally seen on the canteen tables, and Freddy is often the only pupil who will consider eating her lunches.}}
{{term|Mrs Teacher (Arabella Cringeworthy)}}
{{defn|Teacher's overbearing wife, who looks like him (complete with moustache). She is assertive, bossing Teacher around while at home and yelling at the kids as a [[Substitute teacher|supply teacher]]. In another story, she injures the students in a break-dancing competition because they injured her husband.}}
{{term|Techno}}
{{defn|A science teacher who appears during the mid-1990s and is an [[Inspector Gadget (franchise)|Inspector Gadget]]-type robot. Techno had his own limited-run strip, appeared in ''The Beano Book of Amazing Facts'' and returns in the 2008 ''Bash Street Kids Annual''.}}
{{term|Wayne}}
{{defn|An eleventh pupil named Wayne was introduced after a competition on the BBC's ''[[Blue Peter]]'' to create a new Bash Street Kid. The winning entry was announced on 14 March 2007 as "Wayne's in pain". Wayne has fat, puffy cheeks, dandelion-like hair, a problem with standing and is talkative. He wears a plaster cast and sling, and suffers comic misfortunes like [[Calamity James]]. After a year, Wayne disappeared from the strip without any explanation.}}
{{term|The Blob Street Kids}}
{{defn|A group of children from a nearby school who became rivals of the Bash Street Kids. Each member of the Bash Street Kids has a counterpart in the Blob Street Kids, and a similar rivalry appears in ''[[Pup Parade|The Bash Street Pups]]''.}}
{{term|The Posh Street Kids}}
{{defn|A group of rival children from a posh school.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sutherland |first=David |title=The Bash Street Kids |year=2012 |publisher=The Beano |url=http://tinypic.com/usermedia.php?uo=a6BMdyuA%2FVyXuKxyW1S6L4h4l5k2TGxc#.UjesZLyE7Qw}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sutherland |first=David |title=The Bash Street Kids |year=2012 |publisher=The Beano |url=http://tinypic.com/usermedia.php?uo=a6BMdyuA%2FVyjMhH3V%2Bf5bIh4l5k2TGxc#.UjetFbyE7Qw}}</ref>}}
{{glossary end}}

Some characters (Teacher and Head, for example) are named after their occupations. The children's parents (who look almost exactly like their children) are called Plug's Dad and so on, even in flashbacks to ''their'' childhoods.

In the early years, there were an indeterminate number of students; one page had 28, including:
* Teddy – A stereotypical [[Teddy Boy]], appearing primarily during the 1950s
* Ella – Another girl
* Jimmy – A boy resembling Smiffy, who wears a cap
* Gasbag Jones – A curly-haired boy

The characters appeared in one-page stories (not comic strips) entitled "Bash St. School" in ''[[The Wizard (DC Thomson)|The Wizard]]'' in 1955, and were the full-page cover cartoon on 23 July 1955.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blimey! It's Another Blog About Comics |url=http://lewstringer.blogspot.co.uk/2008/01/bash-street-wizard.html |work=The Bash Street Wizards |date=14 January 2008 |publisher=The Wizard No. 1522 (16 April 1955) to No. 1554 (26 November 1955) |access-date=17 September 2013}}</ref>

== Artists ==
Leo Baxendale drew the strip until 1962, when [[David Sutherland (comics)|David Sutherland]] replaced him. Sutherland originally used a similar drawing style to Baxendale's, simplifying it later in the decade. He has drawn most of the strips since then, except from 1998 to 2000 (when [[Nigel Parkinson]] took over the strip in a style similar to that of David Parkins in ''Dennis the Menace''.) The strips have had a closely connected visual style since the early 1970s, when Sutherland began drawing them both. Although he was apparently easing into semi-retirement, Parkinson moved to ''Dennis the Menace'' in 2000 and Sutherland returned. Sutherland continued drawing the strip until he died in 2023, at the age of 89.

The strip has had a number of ghost artists, including [[Gordon Bell (cartoonist)|Gordon Bell]] during the early 1970s, John Sherwood later in the decade, Keith Reynolds during the 1980s and [[Tom Paterson]] in the early 1990s. [[Mike Pearse]] and [[Kev F. Sutherland]] (no relation to David Sutherland) have occasionally drawn the strip, long stories in particular. Following Sutherland's death, Shannon Gallant and Mychailo Kazybrid both acted as temporary artists in the following months, before Gallant was appointed as Sutherland's permanent replacement.

== {{anchor|Other appearances and spin-offs}}Spin-offs and other appearances ==
''The Bash Street Kids'' has had a number of spin-offs, including ''[[Pup Parade]]'', ''[[Simply Smiffy]]'', ''[[Plug (comics)|Plug]]'' and ''[[Singled Out (comics)|Singled Out]]''. ''The Bash Street Kids Annual'', previously known as ''The Bash Street Kids Book'' and published biannually, is published in August. Summer specials, with solo stories of each character, were also published during the 1990s and were a forerunner to ''Singled Out''. Most were drawn by Tom Paterson, who later drew the ''Singled Out'' strip.
From 1968 to 1972 ''The Beano'' ran a similar series, ''[[The Belles of St. Lemons]]''.

''[[The Dandy]]'' has had two similar series: the 1970s ''Whacko'' (about a teacher who taught in a suit of armour because of his unruly pupils) and ''[[List of Dandy comic strips|P5]]'' from 1998 to 2000, also about a class and their long-suffering teacher. ''P5'' was republished in 2006 as ''Class Act''.

===Singled Out===
{{Beano story spinoff|title=Singled Out (comics)|startno=3226|start_date=15 May 2004|first=3226|finishno=[n/a]|finish_date=circa 2009|comics=yes|last=[n/a]|franchise=''[[The Beano Annual]]'' 2009, 2010|refs=}}
'''Singled Out''' was a spin-off [[comic strip]] in the UK comic ''[[The Beano]]''. Based on The Bash Street Kids, Singled Out focuses on one character each week<ref>[http://oi40.tinypic.com/2cfqu13.jpg Bash Street Kids Annual 2010 Scan 1] by Mike Pearse (Spotty Singled Out)</ref> and builds a one-page story around them.<ref>[http://oi42.tinypic.com/2604sna.jpg Bash Street Kids Annual 2010 Scan 2] by Mike Pearse (Toots Singled Out)</ref><ref name="Smiffy – Singled Out">{{cite book|last=Pearse|first=Mike|title=Smiffy – Singled Out|publisher=The Beano|url=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e9ytuG0JL_M/UH7iXe4UovI/AAAAAAAACGw/pjfOtLYCVjA/s1600/BashSt_ScariesGame.png}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Pearse|first=Mike|title=Fatty – Singled Out|publisher=The Beano|url=http://tinypic.com/usermedia.php?uo=a6BMdyuA%2FVzPb%2FlJtdIpjoh4l5k2TGxc#.UjeurbyE7Qw}}</ref> It first appeared in issue 3226, dated 15 May 2004, drawn by [[Mike Pearse]]. Mike Pearse has also included other Beano faces in his strips such as [[Dennis the Menace (UK)|Dennis the Menace]], [[Bea (Dennis the Menace character)|Bea]] and [[The Three Bears (comic strip)|The Three Bears]].

Pearse drew the strip until mid-2007, when the job was given to [[Nigel Parkinson]], and then [[Tom Paterson]]. [[David Sutherland (comics artist)|David Sutherland]] also drew a single strip. Paterson's trademark background images, such as the randomly positioned socks, are often included. The bottom left-hand corner of the page no longer shows which character the strip is focused on. Some strips mentioned which character was being featured in the header, but others didn't provide any information on this. After the 2009 Bash Street Kids annual (Space Cadets) was published, Paterson's work on Singled Out was changed to be more like Pearse's style, where before it was akin to David Sutherland's style, while [[Nigel Parkinson]] drew it in the Beano's sister comic, [[BeanoMAX]]. Several of the early Mike Pearse stories were reprinted in the 2010 Bash Street Kids annual. The strip appeared on an increasingly less regular basis in 2009, and has since ended. There was a Singled Out reprint strip shown a few years later (under the title ''Bash Street Capers''), but this was (quite oddly as it was labelled No.1) a one-off.

== In other media ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Title !! Directed by !! Written by !! ''Bash Street Kids'' portrayed by
|-
| ''The [[Beano Video]]'' (1993, ITV)<hr/>''The [[Beano Videostars]]'' (1994, ITV) || Derek Mogford<hr/>Terry Ward || Richard Everett Terry Ward || [[Susan Sheridan]] (Danny, 'Erbert, Fatty, Toots and Wilfrid) [[Jonathan Kydd (actor)|Jonathan Kydd]] (Plug, Sidney, Smiffy and Spotty)<hr/>Susan Sheridan (Danny, Sidney, Smiffy and Toots) Enn Reitel ('Erbert, Fatty, Spotty and Wilfrid) Jonathan Kydd (Plug)
|}

=== Video ===
The Bash Street Kids appear in 1993's ''The [[Beano Video]]'' and 1994's ''The [[Beano Videostars]]''; they also appear singing two songs: "The Beano Rap" and "We're the Kids From Bash Street School".

=== Theme parks ===
Before Beanoland became Wild Asia at the [[Chessington World of Adventures]], it included the Bash Street Bus. The kids were also featured in the water-balloon portion of the park, and their [[standee]]s were posted at a number of locations.

=== Video games ===
Plug is a playable character in ''[[Beanotown Racing]]'' for the PC, and the school is a race track.

=== Toys and games ===
Robert Harrop has designed figures, statues and ornaments based on ''The Bash Street Kids''. A target-practice game featured the characters, and a McDonald's Happy Meal toy set included a number of the kids.

== References ==
{{Portal|Children's literature}}
{{Reflist}}
{{D. C. Thomson Comics}}

{{Beano}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bash Street Kids}}
[[Category:The Bash Street Kids| ]]
[[Category:Beano strips]]
[[Category:1954 comics debuts]]
[[Category:Comics characters introduced in 1954]]
[[Category:British humour comics]]
[[Category:Comics set in schools]]
[[Category:Gag-a-day comics]]
[[Category:British comics characters]]
[[Category:Child characters in comics]]
[[Category:Comics about children]]
[[Category:Male characters in comics]]
[[Category:Female characters in comics]]
[[Category:Comics set in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Fictional tricksters]]

Hopetown Darlington

2025-02-08T23:59:58Z

81.108.52.62:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Hopetown Darlington
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Head of Steam overview.JPG
| imagesize = 240
| caption =
| alt =
| map_type = United Kingdom County Durham
| map_caption = [[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] Head of Steam shown within County Durham
| map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|54.536|-1.555|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline}}
| established = 1975<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.culture24.org.uk/ne000066|title=Head of Steam - Darlington Railway Museum | Culture24|website=www.culture24.org.uk}}</ref>
| dissolved =
| location = [[Darlington]], [[County Durham]], [[England]]
| type = [[Railway museum]]
| collection =
| visitors =
| director =
| president =
| curator = Leona White-Hannant<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenortheastatwar.co.uk/in_your_town/darlington/keeping-in-mind-railmen-who-gave-lives-to-support-war-effort|title=Keeping in mind railmen who gave lives to support war effort | The North-East At War}}</ref>
| owner =
| publictransit =
| car_park =
| network =
| website = https://www.hopetowndarlington.co.uk/
}}

'''Hopetown Darlington''', previously known as '''Head of Steam''' and formerly known as the '''Darlington Railway Centre and Museum''', is a railway museum located on the 1825 route of the [[Stockton and Darlington Railway]], which was the world's first steam-powered passenger railway. It is based inside the former station building at the [[North Road railway station]]. Its exhibits are devoted to the area formerly served by the [[North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)|North Eastern Railway]] with a particular focus on the Stockton & Darlington Railway and the railway industry of Darlington.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- Home Page |author= |website=Head of Steam Railway Museum |date= |access-date=16 February 2021 |url= https://www.head-of-steam.co.uk/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Collections |author= |website=Head of Steam Railway Museum |access-date=16 February 2021 |url= https://www.head-of-steam.co.uk/our-collections/}}</ref> In 2022, plans were submitted to expand the museum as part of the Railway Heritage Quarter.<ref name=Barnard >{{cite news |last=Barnard |first=Ashley |date=26 March 2022 |title=Plans updated for ambitious Darlington Head of Steam Museum |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/20014489.plans-updated-ambitious-darlington-head-steam-museum/ |work=The Northern Echo |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> In December 2023, the museum temporarily closed its doors to undergo a £35 million redevelopment.

In October 2023, Darlington's Rail Heritage Quarter was renamed from '''Head of Steam''' to '''Hopetown Darlington''', after the area of Darlington in which it is situated, which is so named due to the location of the historic [[Hopetown Carriage Works]] and Hope Town Foundry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=Why is Darlington's £35m railway centre being renamed Hopetown? |url=https://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/23884353.darlingtons-35m-railway-centre-renamed-hopetown/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=Darlington and Stockton Times |language=en}}</ref>

Hopetown Darlington is a 7.5 acre site encompassing the former Head of Steam (now renamed North Road Station Museum), an exhibition hall for blockbuster exhibitions, a 4D virtual reality time travel ride, an adventure playpark, a café, shop, and events field for festivals and events, as well as onsite partners including the [[A1 Steam Locomotive Trust]], [[NELPG]], and Darlington Railway Preservation Society. Hopetown Darlington reopened to the public in July 2024.

==Locomotives==
Prior to 2021, the museum had five locomotives on display. Two were owned by the museum, while three were on long-term loan from the [[National Railway Museum]]. In 2021, [[Locomotion No. 1]] moved to [[Locomotion Museum]] in Shildon.

{| class="wikitable"
! Number & Name
! Year
! Description
! Livery
! History
! Image
|-
|''[[Locomotion No. 1]]''
| 1975
|Replica S&DR 0-4-0
| N/A
|[[Locomotion No. 1|''Locomotion'' No. 1]] was built by [[George Stephenson]] for the world's first public steam-worked passenger railway, the [[Stockton and Darlington Railway]]. It was responsible for hauling the first train on the line on 27 September 1825. The original was displayed in the museum between 1975 and 2021. It was moved to Shildon in that year.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-59955886 | title=Shildon's Locomotion museum: New £5.9m building to house 45 attractions | work=BBC News | date=15 January 2022 }}</ref> A 1975-built replica, previously based at [[Beamish Museum]], has now replaced it in the museum and it is intended for this replica to be restored to working order in time for the 200th anniversary of the S&DR in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=Darlington to have replica Locomotion No 1 on display |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19153169.darlington-replica-locomotion-no-1-display/ |access-date=10 June 2021 |work=The Northern Echo |publisher=Newsquest Media Group |date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="replicadarlington">{{cite web |title=Decision - Locomotion No 1 and Replica |url=https://democracy.darlington.gov.uk/ieDecisionDetails.aspx?AIId=5704 |website=Darlington Borough Council |access-date=10 June 2021 |date=17 April 2021}}</ref>
|[[File:Locomotion Tyseley (1).jpg|175px]]
|-
|No. 25 ''[[Derwent (locomotive)|Derwent]]''
| 1845
|S&DR 0-6-0
|Green
|No. 25 ''[[Derwent (locomotive)|Derwent]]'' was designed by [[Timothy Hackworth]] and built by [[William and Alfred Kitching]] for use on the Stockton and Darlington Railway. It spent many years on display with ''Locomotion No. 1'' at Darlington Bank Top station before being put on display in the museum.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.erih.net/i-want-to-go-there/site/head-of-steam-darlington-railway-museum | title=Head of Steam Darlington Railway Museum – ERIH }}</ref>
|[[File:Stockton & Darlington 0-6-0 25 'Derwent' Head of Steam, Darlington 30.06.2009 P6300113 (10192716434).jpg|175px]]
|-
|No. 1463
| 1885
|[[NER 1463 Class|NER 1463 (LNER E5)]] 2-4-0
|NER Apple Green
|This engine was designed by [[Henry Tennant (railway administrator)|Henry Tennant]] and [[Thomas W. Worsdell]] for use on express trains. It spent a large portion of its preserved career on display in the original York Railway Museum.
|[[File:NER E5 2-4-0 1463 (1885) Head of Steam, Darlington 30.06.2009 P6300112 (10192722204).jpg|175px]]
|-
|No. 901
| 1919
|[[NER Class T3|NER T3 (LNER Q7)]] 0-8-0
|LNER Black
| Designed by [[Sir Vincent Raven]] for use on heavy freight trains.

In the 1980s, it was loaned to the North Eastern Locomotive Preservation Group which restored it to working order. It then spent several years working on the [[North Yorkshire Moors Railway]] before its withdrawal. It was put on display in the museum during its refurbishment in 2008. Now on display at the [[Locomotion Museum|Locomotion Museum, Shildon.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Association |first=Neil Lancefield, Press |last2=Hall |first2=Daniel |date=2024-04-29 |title=Museum assembles 'Europe's biggest indoor display' of rail vehicles |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/locomotion-museum-shildon-new-hall-29076445 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Chronicle Live |language=en}}</ref>
| [[File:LNER Q7 0-8-0 901 (1919) Head of Steam, Darlington 30.06.2009 P6300110 (10192857226).jpg|175px]]
|-
|No. D6898
| 1964
| [[British Rail Class 37|BR Class 37]] Co-Co
|BR Green
| No. D6898 ([[TOPS]] 37198) was designed by [[English Electric]] and built at their [[Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns]] works in Darlington. It was the final locomotive built at the works before its closure. It was withdrawn from service in 1999 and preserved before being resold to [[Network Rail]] in 2008. After being used as a spares donor for other class members, it was donated to the museum in August 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Edgar |first1=Bill |title=Historic Class 37 locomotive rolls back into Darlington |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19506120.historic-class-37-locomotive-rolls-back-darlington/ |access-date=13 August 2021 |work=[[The Northern Echo]] |publisher=[[Newsquest]] |date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813222909/https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19506120.historic-class-37-locomotive-rolls-back-darlington/ |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| [[File:D6898, outside Darlington Locomotive Works - geograph.org.uk - 6981439.jpg|175px]]
|}

== Model railway ==
The museum holds a large model of the Stockton & Darlington Railway which can be seen in the images below.
<gallery>
File:Head_of_steam_railway_museum_model_1_2014.jpg
File:Head_of_steam_railway_museum_model_2_2014.jpg
File:Head of steam railway museum model 3 2014.jpg
File:Head_of_steam_railway_museum_model_4_2014.jpg
File:Head_of_steam_railway_museum_model_5_2014.jpg
File:Head_of_steam_railway_museum_model_6_2014.jpg
File:Head_of_steam_railway_museum_model_7_2014.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Head of Steam museum}}
*[https://www.hopetowndarlington.co.uk/ Hopetown Darlington museum website]
*[http://www.darlington.gov.uk/Leisure/headofsteam/headofsteam.htm Darlington Borough Council, museum website]
{{Heritage railways in England}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Stockton and Darlington Railway]]
[[Category:Museums in County Durham]]
[[Category:Railway museums in England]]
[[Category:Heritage railways in County Durham]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Darlington]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Darlington]]

{{UK-museum-stub}}

Desmond Shawe-Taylor

2025-01-14T13:12:45Z

81.108.52.62: Updated to reflect new appointment as Surveyor of The King's Pictures.

{{Short description|Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{For|the music critic Desmond Shawe-Taylor|Desmond Shawe-Taylor (music critic)}}
'''Desmond Philip Shawe-Taylor''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CVO}} (born 30 September 1955) was [[Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures]] from 2005 to 2020.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55424182|title=Queen's art experts leave as Covid hits royal finances|work=BBC News |date=23 December 2020}}</ref> He succeeded [[Christopher Lloyd (art historian)|Christopher Lloyd]] on Lloyd's retirement.<ref name=rc>[http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/default.asp?action=article&ID=141 "Appointment of new Surveyor of The Queen's Pictures"], The Royal Collection, 17 December 2004, accessed 22 May 2008</ref>

==Early life==
Shawe-Taylor is the son of [[Brian Shawe-Taylor|Brian Newton Shawe-Taylor]] and Jocelyn Cecilia Shawe-Taylor. He was educated at [[Shrewsbury School]], [[University College, Oxford]], and the [[Courtauld Institute of Art]] in London.<ref name=who>[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U34576 "Shawe-Taylor, Desmond Philip"], ''Who's Who 2010'', A & C Black, 2010; online edition, Oxford University Press, December 2009; online edition, November 2009, accessed 1 June 2010 (requires subscription)</ref>

==Career==
Shawe-Taylor was a lecturer in the History of Art Department of the [[University of Nottingham]] from 1979 to 1996,<ref name=who/> and director of [[Dulwich Picture Gallery]] from 1996 to 2005, when he was succeeded by [[Ian Dejardin]].<ref name=rc/> He has published several books: ''Genial Company: the theme of genius in eighteenth-century British portraiture'', 1987; ''The Georgians: eighteenth-century portraiture and society'', 1990; ''Dramatic Art: theatrical paintings from the Garrick Club'', 1997; ''Rembrandt to Gainsborough: masterpieces from Dulwich Picture Gallery'', 1999; ''Shakespeare in Art'', 2003; ''Bruegel to Rubens: masters of Flemish painting'', 2007; and ''The Conversation Piece: scenes of fashionable life, 2009''.<ref name=who/>

He was made redundant in December 2020, following the news that the Royal Collections Trust "expects to lose £64m in income this year because Buckingham Palace and other sites have been shut to visitors."<ref name="auto"/> The role remained vacant until 2023, when he was replaced by Anna Reynolds.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog Design and Build by Duncan Marshall and Conrad Barrett-Freeman at Chroma Design. www.chromadesign.co.uk |title=King Charles Reappoints a 'Surveyor of The King's Pictures' - Art History News - by Bendor Grosvenor |url=https://www.arthistorynews.com/articles/7609_King_Charles_Reappoints_a_Surveyor_of_The_Kings_Pictures |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240614142355/https://arthistorynews.com/articles/7609_King_Charles_Reappoints_a_Surveyor_of_The_Kings_Pictures |archive-date=2024-06-14 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=www.arthistorynews.com}}</ref>

Shawe-Taylor was appointed [[Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order]] (LVO) in 2011 and [[Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] (CVO) in the [[2021 Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63377|supp=y|page=B4|date=12 June 2021}}</ref>

==Family==
In 1987, Shawe-Taylor married Rosemary North.<ref name=who/> They have three children: Marianne, Edward and William.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-culture}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Director of Dulwich Picture Gallery]]
| before = [[Giles Waterfield]]
| after = [[Ian Dejardin]]
| years = 1996–2005
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures]]
| before = [[Christopher Lloyd (art historian)|Christopher Lloyd]]
| after = Anna Reynolds (2023)
| years = 2005–2020
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shawe-Taylor, Desmond}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People educated at Shrewsbury School]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art]]
[[Category:British curators]]
[[Category:British art historians]]
[[Category:Shawe Taylor family|Desmond]]
[[Category:Surveyors of the King's Pictures]]
[[Category:Directors of museums in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Nottingham]]
[[Category:Dulwich Picture Gallery]]

{{UK-art-historian-stub}}

Folkestone West railway station

2025-01-13T17:59:19Z

81.108.52.62: Updated to mention end of UK VSOE services.

{{Short description|Railway station in Kent, England}}{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Folkestone West
| symbol_location = gb
| symbol = rail
| image = Folkestone West Station 04.jpg
| borough = [[Cheriton, Kent|Cheriton]], [[Folkestone & Hythe (District)|Folkestone & Hythe]]
| country = England
| grid_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|Grid reference]]
| grid_position = {{gbmapscaled|TR209364|25|TR209364}}
| manager = [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]]
| platforms = 2
| code = FKW
| classification = [[United Kingdom railway station categories|DfT category]] E
| years = 1 November 1863
| events = Opened as "Shorncliffe Camp"
| years1 = 2 July 1926
| events1 = Renamed "Shorncliffe"
| years2 = 10 September 1962
| events2 = Renamed "Folkestone West"
| mpassengers =
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2019/20 |passengers={{decrease}} 0.775 million |interchange={{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 2,393}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2020/21 |passengers={{decrease}} 0.201 million |interchange={{pad|1em}}{{decrease}} 479}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2021/22 |passengers={{increase}} 0.513 million |interchange={{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 1,499}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2022/23 |passengers={{increase}} 0.610 million |interchange={{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 1,869}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2023/24 |passengers={{increase}} 0.679 million |interchange={{pad|1em}}{{increase}} 2,580}}
| footnotes = Passenger statistics from the [[Office of Rail and Road]]
}}
'''Folkestone West railway station''' is on the [[South Eastern Main Line]] in England, serving the western area of [[Folkestone]], Kent. It is {{convert|69|mi|22|chain|km}} down the line from [[Charing Cross railway station|London Charing Cross]]. All trains that call are operated by [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]].

The ticket office, in a room on the extensive 'up' side buildings on the London-bound platform, is staffed only during part of the day; at other times a [[Permit to travel|PERTIS]] permit to travel machine, located outside the ticket office, suffices. The substantial 'down' (country-bound) platform building is occupied as offices by [[Network Rail]].

== History ==
The [[South Eastern Main Line]] reached Folkestone in 1843, with a station being opened at [[Folkestone East railway station|Folkestone Junction]] (Folkestone East) on 18 December 1843. Folkestone West was opened on 1 November 1863 as Shorncliffe Camp,<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Miscellaneous |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000330/18631031/034/0003 |newspaper=Dover Express |location=England |date=31 October 1863 |access-date=27 June 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> initially with two platform faces either side of double track. In 1881 the station was rebuilt with two platform faces either side of four tracks. Sometime around 1887 a bay was added to the down platform as from 1887 to 1947 the station served as the southern terminus and interchange for the [[Elham Valley Railway]] with services to [[Canterbury]]. The station was altered during the 1960–61 Kent Coast Electrification as the line from Folkestone Central to near the site of Cheriton Junction was quadrupled.
Following the opening of the [[Channel Tunnel]] and the loss of the [[boat train]] traffic, in 1994 the two centre tracks were removed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kentrail.org.uk/folkestone_west.htm|title=Folkestone West at kentrail.co.uk|access-date=5 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726115935/http://www.kentrail.org.uk/folkestone_west.htm|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008 alterations were made on the north side of the station to provide car parking and coach loading bays, the latter in connection with the operation of the 'Orient Express' which until then operated from [[Folkestone Harbour railway station|Folkestone Harbour Station]]. These services were discontinued in 2024.

==Services==
All services at Folkestone West are operated by [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]] using {{brc|375}} and {{brc|395|n}} [[Electric multiple unit|EMUs]].

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:<ref>{{NRtimes|December 2021|194, 207}}</ref>
* 1 tph to [[St Pancras railway station|London St Pancras International]]
* 1 tph to [[Charing Cross railway station|London Charing Cross]] via {{stnlnk|Tonbridge}}
* 2 tph to {{stnlnk|Dover Priory}} of which 1 continues to {{stnlnk|Ramsgate}}

During the peak hours, there are also services to and from [[Cannon Street station|London Cannon Street]] and there is also 1 train per day to {{stn|London Victoria}}.

[[Belmond (company)|Belmond]] transferred their Orient Express luxury train services to a new facility at Folkestone West from their original location at [[Folkestone Harbour railway station|Folkestone Harbour]].<ref>[http://www.railwayherald.co.uk/issues/RHUK/Issue127.pdf Railway Herald Issue 127]{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The company ran two [[Belmond British Pullman|British Pullman]] trains per week between the end of March and the beginning of November, which connected via the [[Channel Tunnel]] with the [[Venice Simplon Orient Express]] train in [[Calais]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.luxury-trains.co.uk/venice-simplon-orient-express/train-timetables.htm |title=Venice Simplon Orient Express Train Timetables |author= |website=Luxury Trains |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135854/https://www.luxury-trains.co.uk/venice-simplon-orient-express/train-timetables.htm|archive-date=24 January 2018}}</ref> in 2024, the UK leg of the Orient Express ended altogether, with passengers now required to join the train in Paris.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tapper |first=James |date=2023-04-15 |title=Orient Express to axe UK section after 41 years due to Brexit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2023/apr/15/brexit-orient-express-murder-london-folkestone-leg-route-border-delays#:~:text=Orient%20Express%20to%20axe%20UK,image%20Previous%20image%20Toggle%20caption |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref>

{{rail start}}
{{s-rail-national|rows2=2|previous=Sandling|next=Folkestone Central|toc=Southeastern|route={{smalldiv|[[South Eastern Main Line]]}}}}
{{s-rail-national|hide2=yes|previous=Ashford International|next=Folkestone Central|toc=Southeastern|route={{smalldiv|[[High Speed 1]]}}}}
{{rail line|previous=[[London Victoria station|London Victoria]]|route=[[Belmond (company)|Belmond]] 
{{smalldiv|
{{unbulletedlist|list_style=text-align:center|[[Channel Tunnel|London-Paris-Venice]]|March to November}}}}|next=[[Gare de Calais-Ville|Calais-Ville]] {{smalldiv|via [[Eurotunnel Shuttle]]}}|col={{temporary rail colour|000062}} }}
{{Disused Rail Insert}}
{{s-rail-national|status=Disused|previous=Cheriton Halt|toc=SR|route={{smalldiv|[[Elham Valley Railway]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{stn art lnk|FKW|CT203PA}}

{{coord|51.085|N|1.154|E|type:railwaystation_region:GB|display=title}}
{{Folkestone Railway Stations}}
{{Kent railway stations}}
{{Folkestone}}
{{TSGN and SE Stations|Staplehurst=y|High Speed=y|FCC None=y|SN None=y}}

[[Category:Transport in Folkestone and Hythe]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Kent]]
[[Category:DfT Category E stations]]
[[Category:Former South Eastern Railway (UK) stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863]]
[[Category:Railway stations served by Southeastern]]
[[Category:Folkestone]]
[[Category:1863 establishments in England]]

Newbiggin-by-the-Sea

2025-01-04T21:40:01Z

81.108.52.62: /* Governance */Updated parliamentary constituency information

{{Short description|Town and civil parish in Northumberland, England}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
|official_name = Newbiggin-by-the-Sea
|coordinates = {{coord|55.183|-1.515|display=inline,title}}
|label_position = top
|static_image_name = Newbiggin Bay - geograph.org.uk - 1777779.jpg
|static_image_caption = Newbiggin Bay
|population = 6,308
|population_ref =(2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11126888&c=NE64+6BJ&d=16&e=62&g=6453718&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1435657146562&enc=1|title=Parish population 2011|website=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102006/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11126888&c=NE64+6BJ&d=16&e=62&g=6453718&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1435657146562&enc=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|region = North East England
|civil_parish = Newbiggin by the Sea<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newbiggintowncouncil.gov.uk/|title=Home|website=Newbiggintowncouncil.gov.uk|access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>
|unitary_england= [[Northumberland County Council|Northumberland]]
|lieutenancy_england= [[Northumberland]]
|constituency_westminster = [[Blyth and Ashington (UK Parliament constituency)|Blyth and Ashington]]
|post_town = NEWBIGGIN-BY-THE-SEA
|postcode_district = NE64
|postcode_area = NE
|dial_code = 01670
|os_grid_reference = NZ308877
}}

'''Newbiggin-by-the-Sea''' is a seaside town and [[civil parish]] in [[Northumberland]], England, located on the [[North Sea]] coast.

The town is a fishing port and formerly a part of a trade route for shipping grain. Newbiggin Colliery operated from 1908 until 1967.

Newbiggin became a popular beach resort by 1828 and remains a tourist attraction with landmarks such as the ''Couple'' sculpture by [[Sean Henry (artist)|Sean Henry]], and the 13th-century parish church. The town council oversees governance while the economy remains diverse with 89 active companies as of this date. Newbiggin was part of the Wansbeck local government district until 2009, and lies within the Wansbeck UK Parliamentary constituency, represented by Ian Lavery MP since 2010. The town holds an annual music festival that raises money for charity and is also home to several religious sites representing various denominations.

== Toponymy ==
Newbiggin derives its name from the [[Old English]] ''nīwe'' (new) + [[Middle English]] ''bigging'' (building, house),<ref>Anthony David Mills, A Dictionary of British Place-Names (Oxford, 2003)</ref> and may refer to an extension of the early settlement and [[ecclesiastical parish|parish]] of [[Woodhorn]]. Historically the name has been spelt as ''Newbiggen'' and ''Newbigging''.<ref name=":0">Hodgson, John. 1832. A History of Northumberland, in Three Parts: Part II Volume II (Newcastle upon Tyne: Charles Henry Cook)</ref>

== History ==

=== Early history ===
The church was for centuries a chapel only, with a tower surmounted by a spire which was originally used as a beacon.<ref name=lewis/> In the 14th century, Newbiggin was a very important maritime centre, called upon to support [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] in his campaigns against the [[Scotland|Scots]]. In the [[Middle Ages]], Newbiggin was a major port for the shipping of grain, third in importance after [[London]] and [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]. [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] granted a charter for a weekly market on Monday and an annual fair; in 1337, as a borough of note, it sent [[bailiff]]s to a council on matters of state, convened by the [[Bishop of Lincoln]], the [[Earl of Warwick]] and other noblemen.<ref name=northumberlandcoast>{{cite web
|title = Northumberland Coast – a visitors guide
|url = http://www.northumberland-coast.co.uk/newbiggin.php
|website=Northumberland-coast.co.uk
|access-date = 15 August 2009 }}</ref>

=== 1800 – present ===
In 1805, two boats, with nineteen men, were lost in a storm off Newbiggin, after which £1,700 was donated by fundraising in the [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] region to relieve the bereaved families. As early as 1828, Newbiggin was a popular beach resort, with facilities to cater for visitors. The town had five public houses, one of which had a spa-like array of bathing facilities, several shops and lodging houses.<ref name=northumberlandcoast /><ref name=lewis/> The village featured a shore with a beach about a mile in length, well suited for bathing. By 1848 it was established as a resort in warmer seasons.<ref name=lewis/> Several guesthouses took hold. The bay gave good anchorage for small vessels, but even then was very little used, except for the numerous boats belonging to the fishery, in which most of the inhabitants were employed. [[European pilchard|Pilchard]], [[Atlantic herring|herring]], [[Atlantic cod|cod]], [[haddock]], [[Merlangius|whiting]], [[Common ling|ling]], [[Atlantic halibut|halibut]], [[turbot]], [[Common sole|sole]], and [[Common skate|skate]] were caught by the fishermen of Newbiggin and sold primarily at Newcastle.<ref name=":0" /> Salmon, trout, lobsters and crabs were also caught, not only for the supply of the neighbouring markets but the region.<ref name=lewis>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51170 |title=Nevendon – Newborough |editor=Samuel Lewis |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1848 |work=A Topographical Dictionary of England |access-date=11 April 2013 }}</ref>

== Governance ==
Newbiggin-by-the-Sea has a [[Town council#United Kingdom|town council]].

Under the [[Local Government Act 1972]] Newbiggin-by-the-Sea became part of the [[Districts of England|local government district]] of [[Wansbeck District|Wansbeck]] in 1974. The local government district was abolished in 2009, with its responsibilities transferred to the Northumberland County Council [[unitary authority]].

Newbiggin-by-the-Sea is in the [[Blyth and Ashington (UK Parliament constituency)|UK Parliamentary constituency of Blyth and Ashington]] which, since the 2024 general election, has been represented at Westminster by [[Ian Lavery]] MP.

The former local government district of Wansbeck and the Parliamentary constituency of Wansbeck both derive their names from the [[River Wansbeck]] which flows into the North Sea near Newbiggin-by-the-Sea.

== Economy ==
Fishing has always been associated with Newbiggin, although later many inhabitants were employed in coal mining. By the [[Victorian era]], Newbiggin was Northumberland's favourite seaside town, attracting hundreds of visitors every day in the summer months.<ref name=northumberlandcoast />

In 1869, there were 142 [[coble]]s (fishing boats) in Newbiggin-by-the-Sea.

Newbiggin Colliery was sunk in 1908. The colliery closed in 1967, but at its peak in 1940, 1,400 men were employed there. The former Newbiggin Colliery Band is now the Jayess Newbiggin Brass Band, named for its president and former member, cornet legend James Shepherd.<ref name=newb-bb>{{cite web|title=Jayess Newbiggin Brass Band|url=http://www.newbigginbrassband.org.uk/|publisher=Jayess Newbiggin Brass Band|access-date=3 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423113146/http://www.newbigginbrassband.org.uk/|archive-date=23 April 2010}}</ref>

To date, there are 89 active companies based in Newbiggin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suite.endole.co.uk/explorer/?id=0DE618985|title=Explorer – Endole|website=Suite.endole.co.uk|access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>

== Landmarks ==
[[File:ParishChurchofStBartholomewNewbigginbytheSea.jpg|thumb|The 13th century Parish Church of St Bartholomew, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea]]The town was at the end of the first [[telegraphy|telegraph]] cable from [[Scandinavia]] in 1868, and was laid from [[Jutland]], [[Denmark]]. Attractions in Newbiggin today include the 13th-century parish church,<ref name="britishlistedbuildings.co.uk">[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-235958-church-of-st-bartholomew-newbiggin-by-th "Church of St Bartholomew"], British Listed Buildings website, Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref> and the flagship Newbiggin Maritime Centre, which has replaced the former heritage centre at a cost of £3 million.<ref>[http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/10/06/construction-work-begins-on-newbiggin-visitor-centre-61634-27410337/ "Construction work begins on Newbiggin visitor centre"], The Journal, 6 October 2010, Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref>

The [[lifeboat station]] was opened in 1851 following a fishing disaster in which ten Newbiggin fishermen lost their lives in stormy seas. It is the oldest operational boathouse in the [[British Isles]].<ref name=community>{{cite web |title = Newbiggin Community website |url = http://www.newbigginbythesea.co.uk/ |website = Newbigginbythesea.co.uk |access-date = 15 August 2009 |archive-date = 10 November 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101110060858/http://www.newbigginbythesea.co.uk/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> Celebrating over 160 years as a lifeboat station, Newbiggin has had 13 different station lifeboats over the years; today it operates an inshore Atlantic 85 lifeboat. The crews have been presented with 16 awards for gallantry.<ref name=rnli>{{cite web
|title = Royal National Lifeboat Institution
|url = http://www.rnli.org.uk/rnli_near_you/north/stations/NewbigginNorthumberland/
|website=Rnli.org.uk
|access-date = 15 August 2009 }}</ref>

A £10 million renovation to rebuild and improve Newbiggin's rapidly eroding beach involved importing 500,000 tonnes of sand from [[Skegness]], delivered by the [[trailing suction hopper dredger]] (TSHD) ''Oranje''<ref name=oranje>{{cite web
|title = Digital image of ''Oranje''
|url = http://www.chp-photo.com/480%20sq/62%2065.jpg
|format = JPG
|website = Chp-photo.com
}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and deposited on the beach<ref name=photo105>{{cite web
|title = Digital image
|url = http://www.chp-photo.com/480%20sq/105.jpg|format=JPG|website=Chp-photo.com
}}</ref> through a pipe approximately {{convert|1|m|in}} in diameter. A new offshore breakwater was installed to accompany the matching breakwater on the opposite side of the bay.<ref name=photo63>{{cite web
|title = Digital image
|url = http://www.chp-photo.com/480%20sq/63.jpg
|format = JPG
|website = Chp-photo.com
}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Also installed is a brass statue by sculptor [[Sean Henry (artist)|Sean Henry]] named Couple, anchored in the centre of the bay.<ref name=bbcnews>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/6953070.stm|title=Giant coast sculpture installed|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=18 August 2007}}</ref><ref name=photo61>{{cite web
|title = Digital image
|url = http://www.chp-photo.com/480%20sq/61.jpg
|format = JPG
|website = Chp-photo.com
}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Newbiggin-by-the-Sea boasts the longest promenade in Northumberland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nmcentre.org.uk/|title=Welcome|website=Newbiggin Maritime Centre|access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> Each spring and autumn, the promenade becomes a prime location for naturalists watching the North Sea seabird migratory passage.<ref>[http://www.fatbirder.com/links_geo/europe/england_northumberland.html "Birding . . . England Northumberland"], Fatbirder.com, Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref>

== Religious sites ==
The 13th century [[St Bartholomew's Church, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea|Parish Church of St Bartholomew]], bleakly situated against a North Sea backdrop at Church Point, contains a notable collection of medieval gravestones. Eight complete cross slab grave covers have been reset in the walls of the north aisle which was rebuilt in 1912. The chancel, the east and western bays of arcades and the west tower are all 13th century, while the spire dates to the 14th century.<ref name="britishlistedbuildings.co.uk"/>

[[Woodhorn]] Church was once the mother church in the Parish of Woodhorn with Newbiggin. When she was declared redundant in 1973, that role passed to St Bartholomew's.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stbartholomewsnewbiggin.co.uk/history.html |title=St Barholomews Church, Newbiggin by the Sea |date=11 August 2013 |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811031305/http://stbartholomewsnewbiggin.co.uk/history.html |archive-date=11 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[The Salvation Army]] has had a presence in Newbiggin-by-the-Sea since 1902 and its current premises consist of a worship hall on Front Street, opened in 1939, and a community hall on Vernon Place.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newbigginsa.org/newsalarmy.htm |title=The Salvation Army – Newbiggin by the Sea – Welcome |access-date=27 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224258/http://www.newbigginsa.org/newsalarmy.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Salvation Army band features in the recollections of those who have grown up in Newbiggin or spent summer holidays there. Mary Heynes, who in her childhood was once head girl at the former West Junior School in Newbiggin, recalls that in the 1960s, "The Salvation Army would be on the Quay wall every Sunday doing a service and the band would play."<ref name="francisfrith.com">[http://www.francisfrith.com/newbiggin-by-the-sea/memories/My-Family_306961/ Heynes, Mary (2012). "My Family: A memory of Newbiggin-by-the-Sea in Northumberland, shared on Sunday, 15th July 2012"], Francis Frith antiquarian website, Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref> In 1991 the Newbiggin-by-the-Sea Salvation Army Songster Brigade (the choir) recorded songs for BBC Radio.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newbigginsa.org/history.htm |title=The Salvation Army – Newbiggin by the Sea – Welcome |access-date=27 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232714/http://www.newbigginsa.org/history.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

St Mark's Church on Gibson Street was built in 1868 by the local stonemason William Gibson.<ref>[http://www.newbigginbythesea.co.uk/history/hritage_trailx.html "Newbiggin's History: Newbiggin-by-the-Sea Heritage Trail"], Newbiggin Community website, Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref> Once a busy [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] church,<ref>[http://www.newbiggintowncouncil.gov.uk/history/newbiggin1950s.html?style= Lawson, Tony (2010). "Life in Newbiggin in the 1950s: A reflection"], Newbiggin Town Council website. Originally published in A Creeful of Coals (2010). Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref> after the 1972 union of the Presbyterian and Congregational denominations in England St Mark's became a [[United Reformed Church|United Reformed]] church. St Mark's has now closed to worship. St Andrew's Methodist Chapel on Front Street was built in 1876.<ref>[http://communities.northumberland.gov.uk/005522.htm Photograph of Front Street with caption. Northumberland Communities website of the Northumberland Archives Service], Communities.northumberland.gov.uk, Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref> In 2010, the United Reformed and [[Methodism|Methodist]] congregations in Newbiggin combined to form a single congregation in the South East Northumberland Ecumenical Area, meeting at St Andrew's which is now known as St Andrew's and St Mark's (Methodist/United Reformed) Church.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saam-newbiggin.org.uk/index.html |title=Home – St Andrews and St Marks |date=4 October 2013 |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230258/http://www.saam-newbiggin.org.uk/index.html |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Prior to the building of St Andrew's in 1876, the Methodists used to meet in the Wesleyan Chapel on Robinson Square, which was built in 1844.<ref name="list.english-heritage.org.uk">{{NHLE|num=1153791 |desc= Wesleyan Chapel, Newbiggin by the Sea|access-date= 2 January 2013}}</ref> In the early 20th century, the Robinson Square building was used by the Salvation Army before the Salvation Army acquired its current premises.<ref name="list.english-heritage.org.uk"/><ref>[http://www.newbiggintowncouncil.gov.uk/history/newbiggin1950s.html?style= Lawson, Tony (2010). "Life in Newbiggin in the 1950s: A reflection"], Newbiggin Town Council website. Originally published in A Creeful of Coals (2010). Retrieved 2 January 2013</ref>

The [[Apostolic Church (1916 denomination)|Apostolic Church]], whose beginnings can be traced to [[South Wales]] during the [[1904–1905 Welsh Revival|1904-05 Welsh Revival]], arrived in Newbiggin in 1936, initially hiring a room above the Co-operative store which still stands on Cleveland Terrace. Subsequently, the Apostolic Church acquired a building at 15–17 Gibson Street,<ref>[http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/30329/response/84116/attach/4/Places%20of%20Worship%20listApril2010.pdf Places recorded by the Registrar General under the provisions of the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 (published in response to FOI request)], Whatdotheyknow.com, Retrieved 2 January 2013</ref> but this closed to worship in 2010 and now houses the Newbiggin Boxing Club gym.<ref>[http://www.newspostleader.co.uk/sport/new-home-for-boxing-club-1-5033898 "New home for boxing club"], News Post Leader, 17 October 2012, Retrieved 27 December 2012</ref> After a long association with Newbiggin-by-the-Sea (Mary Heynes, former head girl of the West Junior School, reports that her father was an Apostolic preacher in the 1960s<ref name="francisfrith.com"/>), the Apostolic Church now has no congregation in the town.

St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, a small building on Front Street, is part of the Parish of St Aidan's in Ashington.

== Summer fair ==
Until 2004 Newbiggin was host to a street fair that attracted thousands of people every year. In its final years, the fair was set out in the following format: starting at the beginning of the shopping area of Front Street, up to the Cresswell Arms public house flowing into Church Point car park and continuing along the seafront promenade. The lifeboat house and boatyard became the music venue. A stage replaced the boats and the lifeboat house opened its doors, serving food and afternoon tea. Appearances were made by [[Slade]], [[Leo Sayer]] and TV show ''[[Gladiators (1992 British TV series)|Gladiators]]'' star [[Michael Van Wijk]].

Starting in 2010, the annual Old Ship Music Festival is attempting to bring back a summer event to the village. It invites bands from the region and worldwide to play, as well as local comedians, and raises money for charity with the help of local businesses. In 2010 it raised £700 for Help for Heroes, where in 2011, the chosen charity was the [[Sir Bobby Robson Foundation]], and raised £1,100.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fortunate-events.com/ |title=Old Ship Music Festival |date=25 March 2012 |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325053310/http://www.fortunate-events.com/ |archive-date=25 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
*[[John Braine]] was working at the library in Newbiggin (1954–56) when he wrote his best-selling novel ''[[Room at the Top (novel)|Room at the Top]]''.
*[[James Shepherd (musician)|James Shepherd]] (1936–2023), principal cornet of the [[Black Dyke Band]], was born in Newbiggin.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.visitnewbiggin.co.uk/ Visit Newbiggin – The Official Visitor website for Newbiggin-by-the-Sea]
*[http://www.northumberland-cam.com/newbiggin/index.htm Newbiggin Photos]
*[http://www.newbiggintowncouncil.gov.uk/ Newbiggin Town Council]

{{Coastal settlements
|place = Northumberland
|settlement = Newbiggin-by-the-Sea
|anticlockwise = [[Cresswell, Northumberland|Cresswell]]
|clockwise = [[Cambois]]
}}
{{Northumberland}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newbiggin-By-The-Sea}}
[[Category:Newbiggin-by-the-Sea| ]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in England]]
[[Category:Towns in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Northumberland]]

Forres railway station

2024-11-24T22:05:53Z

81.108.52.62: /* 1955 */

{{Short description|Railway station in Moray, Scotland}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Forres
| native_name = {{langx|gd|Farrais}}{{sfn|Brailsford|2017|loc=Gaelic/English Station Index}}
| symbol_location = gb
| symbol = rail
| image = File:Forres railway station, Moray (geograph 6260345).jpg
| caption = The new station in 2019, looking eastward towards Elgin and Aberdeen
| borough = [[Forres]], [[Moray]]
| country = Scotland
| coordinates = {{coord|57.6097|-3.6258|type:railwaystation_region:GB_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|Grid reference]]
| grid_position = {{gbmapscaled|NJ029589|25|NJ029589}}
| manager = [[ScotRail]]
| platforms = 2
| code = FOR<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deaves |first1=Phil |title=Railway Codes |url=http://www.railwaycodes.org.uk/crs/crsf.shtm |website=railwaycodes.org.uk |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>
| original = [[Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway]]
| pregroup = [[Highland Railway]]
| postgroup = [[London Midland and Scottish Railway|LMS]]
| years = 25 March 1858
| events = Opened<ref name="butt98">Butt (1995), page 98</ref> by Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway
| years1 = 3 August 1863
| events1 = Station reopened<ref name="butt98" /> by Highland Railway
| years2 = 5 October 2017
| events2 = Old station closed
| years3 = 17 October 2017
| events3 = New relocated station opened
| mpassengers =
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2019/20 |passengers={{increase}} 0.141 million}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2020/21 |passengers={{decrease}} 32,890}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2021/22 |passengers={{increase}} 92,636}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2022/23 |passengers={{increase}} 97,030}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2023/24 |passengers={{increase}} 0.130 million}}
| footnotes = Passenger statistics from the [[Office of Rail and Road]]
}}
'''Forres railway station''' serves the town of [[Forres]], [[Moray]] in [[Scotland]]. The station is managed and served by [[ScotRail]] and is on the [[Aberdeen–Inverness line]], between [[Nairn railway station|Nairn]] and [[Elgin railway station|Elgin]], measured {{convert|119|mi|42|chain|lk=in|km}} from [[Perth railway station (Scotland)|Perth]] via the [[Dava railway station|Dava]] route.<ref>{{Cite book |title=TRACKatlas of Mainland Britain: A Comprehensive Geographic Atlas Showing the Rail Network of Great Britain |publisher=Platform 5 Publishing Ltd |year=2017 |isbn=978-1909431-26-3 |editor-last=Bridge |editor-first=Mike |edition=3rd |location=Sheffield |pages=100}}</ref>

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2022}}
Prior to the [[Dava railway station|Dava]] route opening, all services to the south began at [[Aberdeen]] (on the north-east coast). Problems arose when connecting at Aberdeen from Inverness trains. Aberdeen was the terminus for two railway companies, and therefore had two separate stations: one served the east and the other was the starting point for services to the south (via the coast). Although they were connected by a bus, connections were often missed and passengers were stranded after missing the daily connection south.

Plans for a more direct route via [[Carrbridge]] had been rejected by parliament as too ambitious. Engineer [[Joseph Mitchell (engineer)|Joseph Mitchell]] planned an alternative route via Dava, and work was completed on the line by August 1863.

Forres was chosen as the junction for the new mainline south, since it was the half-way point on the Inverness & Aberdeen Junction Railway between Inverness and Keith. Keith was also an important railway junction and the point where the line joined the GNSR and branches to the coast and Strathspey.

===1858===
The first railway station in Forres was located at the end of Market Street. On the OS map for 1863, this road is named appropriately "Old Station Road".

The station building was located between the current track and [[signal box]], and the former goods loop (which was the original main line, before the junction was constructed). This served trains from Inverness to connect with the GNSR in Elgin. The station building was demolished in the 1950s. It had been used as the stationmaster's house since the junction opened.

===1863===
The opening of the junction required a new 'triangular' station to be constructed to allow all trains entering Forres, from either the East or West, to access the new line directly on a curve. The three curved platforms, and three junctions, gave the new Forres station its distinctive layout.

The location of the new station was south-west of the existing Inverness-Aberdeen line. The original line was retained as a goods loop, with trains now leaving and re-joining the line (east-west) on a curve. Services from Inverness to Perth curved to the south on a junction at the west of the station, to arrive at the southbound platforms.

Both Inverness–Keith and Inverness-Perth trains had double platforms for trains travelling in both directions. Since it was the main line south, generous platforms were constructed to accommodate the expresses.

Trains travelling from the east to the south had a single platform at the east of the station. This was not used for normal passenger services. The station was originally accessed from Tytler Street (originally 'Station Road'). Since the line and platform crossed the road, there was a gap in the east platform to allow the road into the station. The level crossing gates closed the entrance to the station, when the curve was used by trains.

Three individual signal boxes controlled the junctions and each point of the triangle:

*Forres East
*Forres West
*Forres South

===1955===
[[File:Forres station, ex-Highland Railway, newly rebuilt 1956 (geograph 5316015).jpg|thumb|left|Forres station, as rebuilt 1956.]]
During 1954–55, the station building was replaced with a new red brick building. This included a new ticket office, toilets and waiting rooms.

The original 1863 building was constructed out of wood. The current building is located directly in front of the site of the 1863 station.[[File:Forres station (exterior) geograph-3525459-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|The previous station in 1997|left]]

===2017===
In March 2014, after lengthy discussions in [[Scottish Parliament]] to replace the old station at Forres with a brand new reconfigured station equipped with double platforms,<ref>[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/historic/x-transport/or-02/tr02-2102.htm Parliament mentions station developments]</ref> [[Transport Scotland]] confirmed a £170 million infrastructure improvement project for the [[Aberdeen–Inverness line]], to be completed by 2030.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/aberdeen-to-inverness-rail-improvement-project/|title=Aberdeen to Inverness Rail Improvement Project - Railway Technology|work=Railway Technology|access-date=2018-01-25|language=en-GB}}</ref> Included in this project were plans to re-site the station at Forres with an extended passing loop, along with signalling improvements. Further signalling and infrastructure improvements along the line were also announced, including the construction of two additional stations.<ref>[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/aberdeen-to-inverness-rail-improvement-project/ Aberdeen to Inverness Rail Improvement Project, Scotland]''Rail-technology.com''; Retrieved 19 August 2016</ref>

Plans for the new Forres station were revealed at a public meeting in March 2016<ref>[http://www.forres-gazette.co.uk/News/Plans-for-new-Forres-station-get-public-airing-07032016.htm "Plans for new Forres station get public airing"]''Forres Gazette'' new article 7 March 2016; Retrieved 19 August 2016</ref> and initial construction work and track laying commenced in the summer of 2016. Once the new station was completed, the original Highland Railway station closed on 5 October 2017, after the last train of the night. The [[level crossing]] and [[signal box]] at Forres were also closed and all three structures were subsequently demolished. The new station opened on 17 October 2017<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stories|url=https://www.networkrail.co.uk/stories/|access-date=2021-08-03|website=Network Rail|language=en-GB}}</ref> and track signalling was then transferred to a signalling centre in Inverness.

Both Transport Scotland and ScotRail have plans to improve service levels between Inverness and {{rws|Elgin}} (to a base hourly frequency) from late 2018.<ref>[http://www.transport.gov.scot/news/%E2%80%98rail-revolution%E2%80%99-means-200-more-services-and-20000-more-seats-scots-passengers "‘Rail revolution’ means 200 more services and 20,000 more seats for Scots passengers"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820113818/http://www.transport.gov.scot/news/%E2%80%98rail-revolution%E2%80%99-means-200-more-services-and-20000-more-seats-scots-passengers |date=20 August 2016 }}''Transport Scotland'' press release 15 March 2016; Retrieved 19 August 2016</ref>

===Goods yard===
[[File:Derwenthaugh Coke Works Wagon Label.jpg|thumb|Wagon label from 1964 for a delivery of coke nuts to Dallas Dhu Distillery from [[Derwenthaugh Coke Works]] near Newcastle upon Tyne.]] Forres once had an extensive goods yard. Whisky from the Dallas Dhu distillery was moved from the distillery sidings in wagons, and [[Coke (fuel)|coke]] used by the distillery was delivered via the yard. Locomotives were stored in a two-road engine shed equipped with coaling facilities and a turntable.

===Closure and remains===
The Inverness-Perth (via Forres) had become a secondary route following the eventual construction of the Inverness-Aviemore direct route by 1884. The Dava lines and platforms at Forres was eventually singled and a wall erected in its place of the down platform (now demolished).

The Dava route closed to passenger traffic on 18 October 1965 (as a result of the [[Beeching Axe]]) and goods services ended completely by 1968.<ref>[http://www.imagine.fm/forres-grantown-railway/past%20the%20tracks.htm "Past The Tracks - The Aviemore to Forres line"] www.imagine.fm; Retrieved 2013-12-19</ref> A short section of the southbound platforms remains, whilst the trackbed is partially in use as a station car park.

The exit from the station building to the Dava platforms still exists. The original gates protect a now abandoned corridor, with all waiting rooms and facilities now bricked-up.

The east platform existed until the mid-1970s following closure of the junction to passengers in 1965 and to goods in 1967, after which the once extensive layout of Forres station was simplified to single track operations (with a passing loop to the east, at the former Forres East signal box). All traces of the part of the station has been obliterated by the construction of the Forres by-pass. For many years (until construction of the by-pass), one of the level crossing gates was retained for use as fencing beside the Royal Hotel.

The Inverness-Aberdeen down platform was closed in 1965 and exists abandoned in-situ, although the track was lifted at closure. The standard Highland Railways over-bridge was removed, but the concrete bases remain and indicate its location.

The signal boxes that controlled the west and the south junctions (Forres South, Forres West) have long gone, and no trace remains. The box at Forres East (latterly renamed 'Forres') remained in use until the old station was decommissioned on 6 October 2017. The box also supervised a [[level crossing]] and manual token exchanges between train drivers and the duty signaller would take place next to the box.

The goods yard is now completely demolished and track lifted. The site is now overgrown and awaits development. However, the semaphore signal, and a short section of access track from the east, still exists.

A single [[Highland Railway]] fencing post can be found at Robertson/Iowa Place, at the junction with Miekle Cruik. This was the location of a level crossing.[http://www.forres-gazette.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/2500/Forres_railways,_1960s.html]

===Other demolished features===
The Nairn road crossed the railway on an over-bridge. This was located near to 'Old Bridge court' which was named in memory of the former railway bridge. No trace remains.

The Grantown road also crossed the railway, on an over-bridge at the foot of Mannachie Road. The line emerged just to the right of the road to Thornhill farm. Another over-bridge remains further up Mannachie rise, where the trackbed can be found in a cutting. It is part filled as part of a housing development. The trackbed can be easily found out of Forres as part of The Dava Way.

==Facilities==
The station has two platforms (linked by footbridge), with the ticket office and waiting room on platform 1 (both platforms are reversibly signalled). The main road that used to cross the line at Forres East [[level crossing]] has been diverted onto a new overbridge and a new larger car park provided. A shelter is located on platform 2, whilst both have customer help points, CIS displays, timetable boards and automated announcements to offer train running details.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Rail Enquiries - |url=https://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations-and-destinations/stations-made-easy/forres-station-plan |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www.nationalrail.co.uk}}</ref>

== Passenger volume ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Passenger Volume at Forres<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estimates of station usage {{!}} ORR Data Portal |url=https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/statistics/usage/estimates-of-station-usage |access-date=25 December 2023 |website=dataportal.orr.gov.uk}}</ref>
!
!2002–03
!2004–05
!2005–06
!2006–07
!2007–08
!2008–09
!2009–10
!2010–11
!2011–12
!2012–13
!2013–14
!2014–15
!2015–16
!2016–17
!2017–18
!2018–19
!2019–20
!2020–21
!2021–22
!2022–23
|-
|Entries and exits
|75,321
|94,943
|99,145
|95,751
|93,726
|99,516
|103,250
|111,222
|113,976
|118,288
|124,111
|131,398
|130,658
|123,298
|118,036
|126,290
|141,000
|32,890
|92,636
|97,030
|}
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

==Services==
As of May 2022, there are seventeen daily departures from the station each way on weekdays and Saturdays. Most are through trains between [[Aberdeen railway station|Aberdeen]] and [[Inverness railway station|Inverness]], but some trains start from or terminate at [[Elgin railway station|Elgin]]. One departure runs through to [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh]] in the morning, and one in the evening runs to [[Stonehaven railway station|Stonehaven]]. On Sundays there are five through trains each way to Inverness and Aberdeen, with two more from Glasgow to Elgin via Inverness that call eastbound.<ref>eNRT May 2022 Edition, Table 214</ref>

{{rail start}}
{{rail line|previous={{rws|Elgin}}|next={{rws|Nairn}}|route=[[ScotRail]] [[Aberdeen–Inverness line]]|col={{ScotRail colour}} }}
{{Historical Rail Insert}}
{{rail line|previous={{rws|Rafford}} Line closed; station closed|next=Connection to [[Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway|Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway]]|route=[[Highland Railway]] [[Inverness and Perth Junction Railway]]|col={{HR colour}} }}
{{rail line|previous={{rws|Kinloss}} Line open; station closed|next={{rws|Brodie}} Line open; station closed|route=[[Highland Railway]] [[Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway]]|col={{HR colour}} }}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |editor-last=Brailsford |editor-first=Martyn |title=Railway Track Diagrams 1: Scotland & Isle of Man |edition=6th |date=December 2017 |orig-year=1987 |publisher=Trackmaps |location=Frome |isbn=978-0-9549866-9-8 }}
* {{Butt-Stations}}
* {{Jowett-Atlas}}
* {{cite book|last=Sinclair|first=Neil T.|title=Highland Railway: People and Places - From the Inverness and Nairn Railway to Scotrail|publisher=Breedon Books Publishing Co Ltd|year=2005|isbn=1-85983-453-1}}
* {{cite book|first=H.A|last=Vallance|title=The Highland Railway}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.hitrans.org.uk/Strategy/documents/ProposedDeliveryPlan_final_June07.pdf | title = Regional Transport Strategy for the Highlands & Islands }}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.moray.gov.uk/downloads/file57807.pdf | title = Moray Development Plan, Forres Settlement Statement}} from 2001, with station developments mentioned as part of a flood protection scheme.
* {{cite web | url = http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/system/files/documents/projects/GRIP3%20Phase%20one%20enhancements%20-%20Summary%20-%20Final%20version%20-%2013%20August%202014.pdf | title = Aberdeen to Inverness Rail Improvements Project}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Stn art lnk|FOR}}
* [http://www.railbrit.co.uk/location.php?loc=Forres Railscot - Photos of Forres]

{{Railway stations served by Abellio Scotrail}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Moray]]
[[Category:Former Highland Railway stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1858]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1863]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863]]
[[Category:Railway stations served by ScotRail]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Forres]]

HMS Mersey (1858)

2024-07-30T21:36:49Z

81.108.52.62:

{{short description|Frigate of the Royal Navy}}
{{other ships|HMS Mersey}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=The training ship 'Mersey'.jpg
|Ship caption=The training ship ''Mersey''
}}
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|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|RN Ensign]]
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|Ship owner=
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=
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|Ship ordered=31 March 1855
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Chatham Dockyard]]
|Ship original cost=£173,898
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=26 December 1856
|Ship launched=13 August 1858
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=21 April 1859 at [[Portsmouth Dockyard]]
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=5 March 1858
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|Ship fate=Sold for breaking up 23 January 1875
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{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=5,643 tons
|Ship tons burthen=3,733 tons [[Builder's Old Measurement|BM]]
|Ship length={{convert|336|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} overall, {{convert|300|ft|9.5|in|abbr=on}} gundeck, {{convert|264|ft|7.25|in|abbr=on}} keel
|Ship beam={{convert|52|ft|m|abbr=on}}
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*Upper deck: 12 x 8in/68-pounder shell guns
*Main Deck:28 x 10in shell guns
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}}
|}

The second '''HMS ''Mersey''''' was commissioned in 1858, six years after the first ''Mersey'' had been broken up. She and her sister ship the [[HMS Orlando (1858)|''Orlando'']] were the [[Largest wooden ships|longest wooden warships]] built for the [[Royal Navy]]. At 336 feet in length, HMS ''Mersey'' was nearly twice the size of [[HMS Victory|HMS ''Victory'']], the flagship of [[Admiral Horatio Nelson]] at the [[Battle of Trafalgar]]. At 5643 tons displacement, she was certainly a large and impressive looking ship in her day. She was heavily armed, and in comparison to many of her counterparts was quite fast with an approximate speed of 12½ knots, achieving 13½ on trials.

The length, the unique aspect of the ship, was actually an Achilles' heel of the ''Mersey'' and ''Orlando''. The extreme length of the ship put enormous strains on her hull due to the unusual merging of heavy machinery, and a lengthy wooden hull, resulting in her seams opening up. They were pushing the limits of what was possible in wooden ship construction:

{{blockquote|''Even the biggest of the 5,000-6,000-ton wooden battleships of the mid-to-late 19th century and the 5,000-ton wooden motorships constructed in the United States during World War I did not exceed 340 feet in length or 60 feet in width. The longest of these ships, the Mersey-class frigates, were unsuccessful, and one, HMS Orlando, showed signs of structural failure after an 1863 voyage to the United States. The Orlando was scrapped in 1871 and the Mersey soon after. Both the Mersey-class frigates and the largest of the wooden battleships, the 121-gun Victoria class, required internal iron strapping to support the hull, as did many other ships of this kind. In short, the construction and use histories of these ships indicated that they were already pushing or had exceeded the practical limits for the size of wooden ships.''<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sultan/archeology2.html ''Asia's Undersea Archeology''], Richard Gould, ''[[Nova (American TV program)|NOVA]]'', [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS Television]] article</ref> }}

{{blockquote|''Britain had built two long frigates in 1858 – HMS Mersey and HMS Orlando – the longest, largest and most powerful single-decked wooden fighting ships. Although only 335 feet long, they suffered from the strain of their length, proving too weak to face a ship of the line in close quarters.''<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A538030 ''HMS Warrior''], h2g2, [[BBC Television]].</ref>}}
[[File:HMS Mersey, built 1858, in Queenstown Harbor.jpg|thumb|[[Haulbowline]] Island and ''Mersey'', in Queenstown Harbour]]
In 1875 ''Mersey'' was laid up and sold for breaking. Some of her masts were installed on {{HMS|Endymion|1865|6}}, which was then being refitted at [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth]].<ref name=Times150173>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval and Military Intelligence |date=15 January 1873 |page=5 |issue=27587 |column=D }}</ref>

==Notes==
<references/>

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|title=Warship 1996|editor-last1=McLean|editor-first1= David|editor-last2 =Preston|editor-first2=Antony|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|year=1996 |isbn=0-85177-685-X|name-list-style=amp|editor-link2=Antony Preston|last=Jones|first=Colin |chapter=Entente Cordiale, 1865}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120920113130/http://www.militaryimages.net/photopost/showphoto.php/photo/18566 A picture of HMS Mersey can be found here]

{{World's largest wooden ships}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mersey (1858)}}
[[Category:Mersey-class frigates]]
[[Category:Steam frigates of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:Frigates of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:1858 ships]]

North Blyth Biomass Project

2024-07-15T14:15:47Z

81.108.52.62: /* Development */ Updated tenses

{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = North Blyth Biomass Project
| name_official =
| image = Blyth biomass power station.jpg
| image_caption = Promotional rendering of the planned station
| coordinates = {{coord|55|8|17|N|1|30|55|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = England
| location = [[North Blyth, Northumberland]]
| status = Cancelled
| construction_began =
| commissioned =
| decommissioned =
| cost =
| owner =
| operator =
| th_fuel_primary = [[Biomass]]
| th_fuel_tertiary =
| ps_units_manu_model =
| th_cogeneration =
| th_combined_cycle =
| ps_electrical_capacity = 100 MW planned
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| website = {{URL|http://www.northblythproject.co.uk/}}
| extra =
}}

The '''North Blyth Biomass Project''' was a proposed [[biomass|biomass-fired]] [[power station]] planned to be located at [[North Blyth, Northumberland]] on the north bank of the [[River Blyth, Northumberland|River Blyth]] near its [[tidal estuary]]. When commissioned it would have had a generating capacity of 100 [[megawatt]]s, enough electricity to provide for 170,000 homes.<ref name=9_sept>{{cite web|url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/northumberland-sites/blyth-northumberland/blyth-news/2010/09/09/north-blyth-biomass-power-station-plans-go-on-show-61634-27234099/|title=North Blyth biomass power station plans go on show|date=9 September 2010|work=The Journal|accessdate=8 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404055851/http://www.journallive.co.uk/northumberland-sites/blyth-northumberland/blyth-news/2010/09/09/north-blyth-biomass-power-station-plans-go-on-show-61634-27234099/|archive-date=4 April 2012}}</ref>
[[Renewable Energy Systems]], the station's developer, was granted government consent on 24 July 2013 to build the £250m project.

Although the Secretary of State granted a Development Consent Order as a [[nationally significant infrastructure project]], the project was cancelled on 6 March 2014.<ref name="thejournal.co.uk">{{cite news|date=7 March 2014|accessdate=10 March 2014|url=http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/work-ceases-300million-biomass-power-6780708|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310030617/http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/work-ceases-300million-biomass-power-6780708|archive-date=10 March 2014|title=Work ceases on £300million biomass power station in Blyth|work=The Journal|first=Sarah|last=Scott}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Port Blyth New Biomass Plant |url=https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/projects/north-east/port-blyth-new-biomass-plant/|website=PlanningInspectorate.gov.uk |publisher=National Infrastructure Planning|access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref>

==Development==
In September 2008, the Port of Blyth authority announced that it was planning to build a [[biomass]] power station on the redundant Bates Colliery site to the north of [[Blyth, Northumberland|Blyth]].<ref name=warming>{{cite web|first=Dave|last=Black|title=Warming to plan for green power plant at Cambois
|url=http://blyth.journallive.co.uk/2008/09/warming-to-plan-for-green-powe.html|date=25 September 2008|accessdate=22 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812181212/http://blyth.journallive.co.uk/2008/09/warming-to-plan-for-green-powe.html|archive-date=12 August 2011|work=The Journal}}</ref> In May 2009, Port of Blyth selected renewable energy company [[Renewable Energy Systems]] (RES) as the developer for the power station.<ref name=RES>{{cite web|title=Firm chosen to develop Blyth biomass plant|url=http://blyth.journallive.co.uk/2009/05/firm-chosen-to-develop-blyth-b.html|work=[[The Journal (Newcastle upon Tyne newspaper)|The Journal]]|date=8 May 2009|accessdate=6 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812183152/http://blyth.journallive.co.uk/2009/05/firm-chosen-to-develop-blyth-b.html|archive-date=12 August 2011}}</ref>

In December 2009, RES and the Port of Blyth decided to relocate the proposed station site to the north bank of the estuary at [[North Blyth, Northumberland|North Blyth]] near the port's new bulk materials handling facility. The reason given for the move was that it would reduce the number of road movements supplying the station, and would give the station access to rail facilities.<ref name=shift>{{cite web|url=http://www.res-group.com/media/359765/north%20blyth%20biomass%20project%20111209%20final.pdf|title=BIOMASS POWER PROJECT TO RELOCATE TO NORTH BLYTH|first=Anna|last=Stanford|date=11 December 2009|work=RES|format=PDF|accessdate=2 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120005652/http://www.res-group.com/media/359765/north%20blyth%20biomass%20project%20111209%20final.pdf|archive-date=20 January 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Battleship Wharf - geograph.org.uk - 277412.jpg|thumb|left|Proposed site of North Blyth Biomass power station]]
On 10 and 11 September 2010, RES released the first promotional images of what the station may look like, revealing them to the public in a series of public exhibitions at Blyth Community Enterprise Centre, the North Blyth Club and Cambois Welfare Institute.<ref name=9_sept /><ref name=10_sept>{{cite web|url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/northumberland-sites/blyth-northumberland/blyth-news/2010/09/10/first-images-released-of-north-blyth-biomass-power-plant-61634-27241511/|title=First images released of North Blyth biomass power plant|date=10 September 2010|work=The Journal|accessdate=8 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404055838/http://www.journallive.co.uk/northumberland-sites/blyth-northumberland/blyth-news/2010/09/10/first-images-released-of-north-blyth-biomass-power-plant-61634-27241511/|archive-date=4 April 2012}}</ref> Later that month, RES claimed that 75% of the local residents who had attended the exhibitions had been enthusiastic about the station being built. Only 5% had opposed the scheme and 20% had no opinion. The strong support for the station was attributed to the creation of local employment at the station, the regeneration of the area and the contribution to the renewable energy drive in the area. David Maunder of RES said the company were ''"delighted with the positive response"''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/09/22/eco-friendly-power-gets-the-green-light-in-blyth-61634-27318431/|title=Eco-friendly power gets the green light in Blyth|first=David|last=Black|date=22 September 2010|work=[[The Journal (Newcastle upon Tyne newspaper)|The Journal]]|accessdate=20 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404060327/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/09/22/eco-friendly-power-gets-the-green-light-in-blyth-61634-27318431/|archive-date=4 April 2012}}</ref>

RES chose to build the station in Blyth because of the good workforce in the area and the town's good infrastructure. If built, the station would have contributed to Blyth becoming a centre for renewable energy, with the nearby [[NaREC]].<ref name=shape /> Between 200 and 300 full-time jobs were expected to be created at the peak of the construction of the station, and 40 permanent jobs would have been created once it was operational. It was claimed 95% of these jobs would go to local people.<ref name=9_sept /><ref name=warming /><ref name=RES /> Planning permission for the station was expected to be submitted to the [[Infrastructure Planning Commission]] some time between January and March 2011, but that March the date was moved back to that summer.<ref name=shape>{{cite web|url=http://www.nebusiness.co.uk/supplements/north-east-vision/spring-2011/2011/03/21/north-blyth-biomass-power-station-plans-take-shape-51140-28307461/|title=North Blyth Biomass Power Station plans take shape|date=21 March 2011|work=[[The Journal (Newcastle upon Tyne newspaper)|The Journal]]|accessdate =2 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004064723/http://www.nebusiness.co.uk/supplements/north-east-vision/spring-2011/2011/03/21/north-blyth-biomass-power-station-plans-take-shape-51140-28307461/|archive-date=4 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=IPC>{{cite web|url=http://infrastructure.independent.gov.uk/projects/north-east/port-blyth-new-biomass-plant/|title=Port Blyth New Biomass Plant|year=2010|work=[[Infrastructure Planning Commission]]|accessdate=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919044727/http://infrastructure.independent.gov.uk/projects/north-east/port-blyth-new-biomass-plant/|archive-date=19 September 2010}}</ref> The build time for the station was expected to be around 30 months..<ref name=RES /><ref name=ready>{{cite web|url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/12/04/eco-friendly-power-plant-study-ready-for-launch-61634-27764900/|title=Eco-friendly power plant study ready for launch|first=David|last=Black|date=4 December 2010|work=[[The Journal (Newcastle upon Tyne newspaper)|The Journal]]
|accessdate=20 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209155428/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/12/04/eco-friendly-power-plant-study-ready-for-launch-61634-27764900/|archive-date=9 December 2010}}</ref>

==Proposed specification==
Once fully operational, the station would have generated 100 [[megawatt]]s (MW) of electricity. This would equate to over 750 million [[kilowatt hour]]s (kWh) of electricity a year, enough to power 170,000 average British homes.<ref name=shape /> through burning a mixture of biomass fuels. In a year the station would burn between 500,000 and 900,000 tonnes of [[woodchips]], [[wood pellet]]s, [[wood briquette]]s and recycled chipped wood.<ref name=RES /><ref name=ready /> This fuel would be delivered to the station via the nearby port. The electricity generated would have been enough to cut [[carbon dioxide]] emissions by over 300,000 tonnes per year.<ref name=RES />

==Cancellation==
The cancellation of the project was announced on 6 March 2014 and RES withdrew.<ref name="thejournal.co.uk"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|England|Energy}}
* [http://www.northblythproject.co.uk/ RES North Blyth Biomass Project]

{{North East Power Stations}}

[[Category:Bioenergy in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Power stations in North East England]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Proposed biofuel power stations]]
[[Category:Proposed renewable energy power stations in England]]
[[Category:Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (United Kingdom)]]