wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Sinéad Quinn

2025-06-25T21:52:20Z

80.192.231.72: /* Singles */

{{short description|Northern Irish singer (born 1980)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sinéad Quinn
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Sinéad Ní Chuinn
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|03|24}}
| birth_place = [[Irvinestown]], [[County Fermanagh]], [[Northern Ireland]]
| alias =
| origin =
| genre = [[Pop rock]]
| years_active = 2002–present
| label = [[Mercury Records|Mercury]] (2002–03)
| current_member_of = Sinéad and The Dawnbreakers
}}
'''Sinéad Quinn''' ({{langx|ga|Sinéad Ní Chuinn}}; born 24 March 1980) is a Northern Irish singer, best known as a contestant in the first series of the UK [[BBC]] TV series ''[[Fame Academy]]'' in 2002. She later went on to sign a [[recording contract]], released an [[album]], and had a #2 [[UK Singles Chart|UK single]] with "[[I Can't Break Down]]" in February 2003.

==Career==

===''Fame Academy''===
Quinn did not enter the ''Fame Academy'' in the same way as the other contestants. The first eleven contestants were picked by the show's judges, but the final contestant was picked through a public vote in the first program of the series. Quinn, [[David Sneddon]], and Paul MacDonald sang in this vote, but Quinn won the public's support. She gained 51% of the votes and won her place in the ''Fame Academy''.

During the course of the competition she sang a range of songs from [[Macy Gray|Macy Gray's]] "I Try" and [[Garth Brooks|Garth Brook's]] "[[If Tomorrow Never Comes]]" to "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]" and [[No Doubt]]'s "[[Don't Speak]]".

In the final, she was up against [[David Sneddon]] (who had entered the Academy at a later date after Naomi Roper pulled out due to illness) and [[Lemar Obika]]. She finished second with 2.5 million of the 6.5 million votes cast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2743985.stm|title=Playing the fame game|date=10 February 2003|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>

=== Solo career ===
Within a week of leaving the ''Fame Academy'', Quinn signed a £1 million, five-album record deal with [[Mercury Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2593633.stm|title=Fame Academy's Sinead signs deal|date=20 December 2002|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Her debut single, "I Can’t Break Down", was released on 10 February 2003. It reached number 2 in the [[UK Singles Chart]], being beaten to the top spot by [[t.A.T.u.]]<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book
| first= David
| last= Roberts
| year= 2006
| title= British Hit Singles & Albums
| edition= 19th
| publisher= Guinness World Records Limited
| location= London
| isbn= 1-904994-10-5
| page= 446}}</ref> The single sold 95,000 copies, finishing in 65th place for the top-selling UK singles of 2003.<ref>[https://www.ukmix.org/forum/chart-discussion/chart-analysis/14085-uk-top-200-bestselling-singles-of-2003 ''UK Mix'' website]</ref> The video was directed by [[Dani Jacobs]] and filmed in the empty Fame Academy house. Her follow-up single "What You Need Is" reached number 19 in the same [[record chart|chart]], and her self-written album, ''Ready to Run'', peaked at number 48 in the [[UK Albums Chart]].

Quinn's only other releases to date were on the ''Fame Academy Album'', alongside all the other Fame Academy contestants, and guest vocals on fellow contestant [[Malachi Cush]]'s debut album.

===Live performances and songwriting===
Both before and after ''Fame Academy'', Quinn was a keen songwriter and performer. The show allowed her to develop her songwriting talents and provided her with her first ever singing lessons. The ''Fame Academy Tour'', which followed the series, gave Quinn her first major public performances outside a TV studio.

In the years since leaving ''Fame Academy'', she has had a regular list of public performances. With the backing of a guitar-based group, she went on a university tour in 2003. She played to a full-house at [[Music Live]] 2003 at the [[National Exhibition Centre]] and, in 2005, she supported [[Children in Need]] with a performance and sang at the switch-on of Christmas lights in [[Coventry]].

She took part in [[RTÉ]]'s TV show ''[[The Lyrics Board]]'', and on New Year's Eve 2005 performed on RTÉ's ''Everyone's a Winner'', singing [[Sheryl Crow]]'s "[[Everyday Is a Winding Road]]". Late in 2005 Quinn was invited by the Irish President [[Mary McAleese]] "to a reception to celebrate [her] contribution to the entertainment industry in Ireland" at the President's official residence, [[Áras an Uachtaráin]].<ref>[http://www.sineadquinn.info/forum/index.php?showtopic=2802 Sineadquinn.info] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929145826/http://www.sineadquinn.info/forum/index.php?showtopic=2802 |date=2007-09-29 }}</ref>

Quinn played the role of Beth in the 2007 live tour of ''[[Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds]]''. The same year, she performed at and judged the regional finals for [[Girl Guiding UK]]'s talent competition ''Guiding Star''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.girlguiding.org.uk/guidingstar/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701203016/http://www.girlguiding.org.uk/guidingstar/|url-status=dead|title=Girlguiding.org.uk|archivedate=1 July 2007}}</ref> and also appeared at the Grand Final in Sheffield on 30 June 2007 as a performer and a judge.

Whilst she concentrated on smaller [[concert]]s in 2008, mainly in locations in London, Quinn was also the support act for [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]] at the [[Chichester Festivities]] in July 2008.

Since May 2009 Quinn has been performing as part of Sinéad and The Dawnbreakers. The band have been playing all over the country at various venues and festivals. They played at the Little World Festival in Meribel, France both years it has been running. Her husband [[Paul Stewart (musician)|Paul Stewart]] is the drummer for the band.<ref>{{cite web|author=UK |url=http://www.myspace.com/sineadandthedawnbreakers |title=Sinead And The Dawnbreakers | Gratis muziek, tourneedata, foto's, video's |publisher=Myspace.com |date= |accessdate=2011-12-31}}</ref>

Quinn now plays corporate and private gigs and works at [[Electric Umbrella]] in London, which uses music therapy to work with adults with disabilities.<ref>[https://www.fermanaghherald.com/?p=64804 Fermanagh Herald newspaper]</ref>

== Personal life ==
Born in [[Irvinestown]], [[County Fermanagh]], Northern Ireland, Quinn is the third child of Gerry and Philomena Quinn. She studied at the [[University of Hull]].

On 9 October 2007, she became engaged to Paul Stewart and they married on 6 December 2008, at the Sacred Heart Church in Irvinestown. They have three children.<ref>[https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/fame-academy-what-happened-to-sinead-21365542 Belfast Live news]</ref>

==Discography==

===Albums===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:25px;" rowspan="2"| Year
! style="width:160px;" rowspan="2"| Album
! colspan="2"|Chart positions
|-
! style="width:30px;"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums"/> 
! style="width:30px;"| [[Irish Albums Chart|Ireland]]
|-
|2003
|''[[Ready to Run (album)|Ready to Run]]''
*1st [[studio album]]
*Released: 14 July 2003
*Formats: [[Compact Disc|CD]]
|{{center|48}}
|{{center|—}}
|-
| colspan="11" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| "—" denotes albums that were released but did not chart.
|}

===Singles===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:25px;" rowspan="2"|Year
! style="width:140px;" rowspan="2"|Title
! style="width:80px;" rowspan="2"|Album
!colspan="2"|Chart positions
|-
! style="width:40px;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums"/>
! style="width:40px;"| [[Irish Singles Chart|Ireland]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2003
|align="left"|"[[I Can't Break Down]]"
|rowspan="2"|''Ready to Run''
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| style="text-align:center;"|13
|-
|align="left"|"What You Need Is..."
| style="text-align:center;"|19
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| colspan="11" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| "—" denotes singles that were released but did not chart.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://okclick.i https://okclick.in]

{{Fame Academy}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quinn, Sinead}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Irvinestown]]
[[Category:Pop singers from Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Women singer-songwriters from Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:21st-century singer-songwriters from Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Mercury Records artists]]
[[Category:21st-century women singers from Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Musicians from County Fermanagh]]

Ayshea

2025-06-21T03:07:35Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|British singer, actress, television presenter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ayshea
| image =
| caption =
| image_size = 
| birth_name = Ayshea Hague
| alias = Ayshea Brough
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1948|11|12}}
| birth_place = [[Highgate]], London, England
| death_date =
| origin =
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = Pop
| occupation = Singer, actress, television presenter
| years_active = 1965–present
| label = [[Philips Records|Philips]] [[Fontana Records|Fontana]] [[Harvest Records|Harvest]] [[DJM Records|DJM]]
| associated_acts =
| current_members =
| past_members =
| website = {{URL|ayshea.me.uk}}
}}

'''Ayshea''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|ʃ|ə}}; born '''Ayshea Hague''', 12 November 1948) is a British singer, actress and television presenter.

==Biography==
Born in [[Highgate]], London, and educated at [[Arts Educational School]], London, Ayshea was trained in ballet, music, drama and dance. She made her film debut as an uncredited extra in the film ''[[Tom Thumb (film)|Tom Thumb]]'' (1958). As a teenager, she was signed to her first record label, [[Fontana Records|Fontana]], which released her debut single, "Eeny Meeny", in 1965.<ref name="AMG"/> In 1965 and 1966 she toured in the UK with [[Jimmy Cliff]] as part of his band The New Generation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://garagehangover.com/jimmy-cliff-and-the-new-generation/|title=Jimmy Cliff & The New Generation | Garage Hangover|website=garagehangover.com}}</ref>

She made appearances on television shows such as ''[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (TV series)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]'' and ''Discotheque''. [[Granada TV]]'s producer [[Muriel Young]] hired Ayshea to host her own pop show, ''[[Lift Off with Ayshea]]'', in 1969.<ref name="AMG"/><ref>{{cite book |title= The Penguin TV Companion|last = Evans |first = Jeff |publisher=Penguin |year=2001 |pages=352–353|isbn=0-140-51467-8}}</ref> The series ran for 122 episodes until 1974.

After being romantically linked with [[Steve Winwood]], [[Chas Chandler]] and [[Rod Stewart]], she married [[Cat Stevens]]'s record producer, Chris Brough (the son of ventriloquist [[Peter Brough]]), who produced her records and was her manager.<ref name="AMG"/>

Ayshea was a regular on quiz shows such as ''[[The Golden Shot]]'' and ''[[Celebrity Squares]]''. As an actress, she appeared on ''[[Jason King (TV series)|Jason King]]'' and had a recurring role on ''[[UFO (British TV series)|UFO]]'', the [[Gerry Anderson]] live-action series. After starring in pantomimes and summer shows all over the UK, Ayshea then built up a following for her live cabaret performances.

After Ayshea and Chris Brough divorced in the early 1970s she dated [[Roy Wood]] who wrote and produced her single "Farewell". They were engaged for a year but never married.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://recordcollectormag.com/articles/ms-broughs-high-flying-machine|title=Ms Brough’s High-Flying Machine - Record Collector Magazine}}</ref> In 1975, she represented Great Britain at the [[World Popular Song Festival]] in Tokyo with a song written for her by [[Elton John]], entitled "The Flowers Will Never Die". Following the engagement to [[Roy Wood]], she later married Steve Alder who had the lead role in the London stage production of the musical ''[[Jesus Christ Superstar]]''.

While staying with her friend [[Susan George (actress)|Susan George]] in the US, Ayshea met and married the agent and film producer Michael Levy in 1983. She appeared in the films ''[[Gotcha! (1985 film)|Gotcha]]'' (1985) and ''[[Demolition Man (film)|Demolition Man]]'' (1993) and worked as an interior designer.

In the early 2000s Ayshea moved back to the UK (in [[Grantham]], Lincolnshire) to be close to her mother, Rose.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ufoseries.com/cast/aysheaLushLifeMay2010.pdf|title=Interview with Ayshea : Lush Life magazine|publisher=Ufoseries.com|date=May 2010|accessdate=1 September 2014}}</ref>

In 2024 Ayshea was honoured by the Asian Media Awards where she was given the Outstanding Contribution to Media Award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianmediaawards.com/iconic-tv-host-singer-ayshea-brough-to-be-honoured-at-2024-amas/|title=Iconic TV Host & Singer Ayshea Brough to be Honoured at AMA 2024|date=22 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/ayshea-brough-to-be-honoured-at-the-2024-asian-media-awards/|title=Ayshea Brough to be honoured at the 2024 Asian Media Awards|date=25 October 2024}}</ref>

==Discography==
===Albums===
*''Ayshea'' (1970)
*''Lift Off with Ayshea'' (1974)<ref name="AMG"/>

===Singles===
*"Eeny Meeny / Keep My Love" (1965), Fontana<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ayshea-mn0001009744|title=Ayshea : Artist Biography|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=1 September 2014}}</ref>
*"Celebration of the Year / Only Love Can Save Me Now (1968), Polydor
*"Another Night / Taking the Sun from My Eyes" (1969), Polydor
*"Mister White's White Flying Machine / Ship of the Line" (1970), Polydor
*"Who's Gonna Rescue Jesus? / Flowers Are Mine" (1970), Polydor
*"[[Master Jack]] / Both Sides Now" (1971), RCA
*"An Old Fashioned Love Song / The Family of Man" (1972), MAM
*"Farewell / The Best Years of My Life" (1973), Harvest
*"Another Without You Day / Moonbeam" (1974), DJM
*"Don't Wait Till Tomorrow / Moonbeam" (1975), DJM
*"The Flowers Will Never Die / The Best Years of My Life" (1975), DJM
*"Golden Oldie / "Keep Me from Blowing Away (1977), DJM<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/artist/1337366-Ayshea-Brough|title=Ayshea Brough Discography|publisher=discogs|accessdate=1 September 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=0112646}}
* {{Discogs artist|Ayshea Brough}}
*[http://www.ayshea.me.uk/ Lift Off with Ayshea – personal website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayshea}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actors from the London Borough of Camden]]
[[Category:Singers from the London Borough of Camden]]
[[Category:Actresses from London]]
[[Category:English television presenters]]
[[Category:English women pop singers]]
[[Category:People from Highgate]]

Faithless

2025-06-19T21:10:10Z

80.192.231.72: /* Band members */

{{Short description|English dance music band}}
{{other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Faithless
| image = Faithless - The Dance Never Ends at Budapest 02.jpg
| caption = Faithless performing at [[Budapest Sports Arena]], on their last tour, The Dance Never Ends, on 21 March 2011
| image_size = 
| background = group_or_band
| landscape = yes
| origin = London, England
| genre = {{hlist|[[Electronic music|Electronic]]|[[trip hop]]<ref>{{cite news|first= Joe |last= D'Angelo |title= New Faithless Album Features Dido Contribution |date= 4 May 2001 |publisher= MTV News |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1443419/new-faithless-album-features-dido-contribution/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151224143229/http://www.mtv.com/news/1443419/new-faithless-album-features-dido-contribution/ |url-status= dead |archive-date= 24 December 2015 |access-date= 23 December 2015}}</ref>|[[House music|house]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://techno.org/electronic-music-guide/ |title=Ishkur's Guide to Electronic Music |publisher=Techno.org |date=16 November 2007 |access-date=15 September 2011 |archive-date=11 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211015216/http://techno.org/electronic-music-guide/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>|[[Trance music|trance]]}}
| years_active = {{hlist|1995–2011|2015–present}}
| label = {{hlist|[[Sony Music|Sony]]|[[Arista Records|Arista]]}}
| associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Dido (singer)|Dido]]|[[Tiësto]]|[[Zoë Johnston]]|[[Example (musician)|Example]]|[[Estelle (musician)|Estelle]]|[[1 Giant Leap]]}}
| website = {{URL|faithless.co.uk}}
| current_members = * [[Sister Bliss]]
* [[Rollo Armstrong|Rollo]]
| past_members = * [[Jamie Catto]]
* [[Maxi Jazz]]
* [[Dave Randall (musician)|Dave Randall]]
* [[Aubrey Nunn]]
* [[Sudha Kheterpal]]

}}

'''Faithless''' are an English dance music [[Band (rock and pop)|band]] that formed in 1995, with its core original members being [[Rollo Armstrong|Rollo]], [[Sister Bliss]] and [[Maxi Jazz]].<ref name="The Great Rock Discography">{{cite book| first= Martin C.| last= Strong| year= 2000| title= The Great Rock Discography| edition= 5th| publisher= Mojo Books| location= Edinburgh| page= 335| isbn= 1-84195-017-3}}</ref> During the band's initial period of success, Sister Bliss and Maxi Jazz contributed to studio recordings and toured frequently under the Faithless name, while Rollo served as a studio-only member, and has never performed live with the band. Their first album, ''[[Reverence (Faithless album)|Reverence]]'', was released in 1996 and their most recent, ''[[All Blessed]]'', in 2020. They have sold millions of physical records, and their catalogue was uploaded to streaming sites in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faithless |title=Radio Swiss Pop - Music database - Band |url=http://www.radioswisspop.ch/en/music-database/band/3768692e3a902be272e9dc3df8b0d50b6f3af/biography |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.radioswisspop.ch |language=en}}</ref> They average almost 3 million listeners a month on [[Spotify]].<ref name="Spotify">{{cite web | url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/5T4UKHhr4HGIC0VzdZQtAE | title=Faithless | website=[[Spotify]] }}</ref> Faithless' records have charted at No. 1 in numerous countries and they were voted the 4th greatest dance band of all time by ''[[Mixmag]]''.

Their lyrical style has been seen as [[political sociology|sociopolitical]].<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/faithless-all-the-trouble-in-the-world-731004.html Faithless: All the trouble in the world]. ''The Independent''. 4 June 2004. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</ref> Their 2021 album ''All Blessed'' featured photo-journalist [[Yannis Behrakis]]' photograph of [[refugee]]s in its artwork, and included immigration as its writing themes.<ref>[https://www.xsnoize.com/album-review-faithless-all-blessed/ ALBUM REVIEW: Faithless - All Blessed]. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</ref>

Faithless have headlined numerous major festivals in Europe and beyond, including four editions of [[Glastonbury]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faithless |url=https://www.vam.ac.uk/performing-glastonbury/contributor/o43275-faithless/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.vam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
=== 1990s ===
Faithless were founded in 1995.<ref>[https://articles.roland.com/faithless-breaking-down-classic-tracks-with-sister-bliss/ Faithless: Breaking Down Classic Tracks with Sister Bliss]. ''Roland''. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</ref> Jazz had his musical beginnings in hip-hop,<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/dec/26/maxi-jazz-the-calm-eye-in-the-centre-of-faithlesss-rave-storm Maxi Jazz: the calm eye in the centre of Faithless’s rave storm]. ''The Guardian''. 26 December 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2024.</ref> and was a rapper on the local scene in South London since the mid-1980s.<ref>[https://www.nme.com/news/music/faithless-singer-maxi-jazz-died-aged-65-3371280 Faithless singer Maxi Jazz has died, aged 65]. ''NME''. 24 December 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2024.</ref> Bliss' and Rollo's primary interests were in electronic music.

Faithless' first album ''Reverence'' was conceived as a [[mixtape]] which covers many genres, encapsulating house, hip-hop, folk and classical music. The album was released on Rollo's label, Cheeky Records.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography"/>

Their first show at [[Camden Town|Camden]]’s Jazz cafe to showcase ''Reverence'' was a sell-out, and a global tour ensued as the record went up the charts all over Europe. The singles "[[Insomnia (Faithless song)|Insomnia]]" and "[[Salva Mea]]" each selling over a million copies, and album going either platinum or gold in every European territory.

The second studio album, [[Mercury Prize|Mercury]]-nominated ''[[Sunday 8PM]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Mercury Prize a full list of previous winners and nominees |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/mercury-prize-a-full-list-of-previous-winners-and-nominees-cm9t256r6v0 |publisher=Sunday Times |date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> contained the global hit "[[God Is a DJ (Faithless song)|God Is a DJ]]" and established Faithless as a major touring force in 1998. Emotive videos were directed by featured vocalist [[Jamie Catto]], featuring the band’s transcendent live shows, and helped bring Faithless’ live prowess to the attention of music fans. They were nominated for Best British Dance Act at the [[Brit Awards]] in 1999. The same year, Catto departed the band to form [[1 Giant Leap]].

=== 2000s ===

In 2001, their third album ''[[Outrospective]]'' was the first to be released on major label [[Sony BMG]] and captured the dreamy synergy between sadness and mad delirium giving rise to hit singles "[[We Come 1]]" and a tribute to [[Muhammad Ali]]. In 2002, they performed on the [[Pyramid stage]] at [[Glastonbury]], with another nomination for best British Dance Act at [[Brit Awards|The Brit Awards]] in the same year. They won Best Dance and Best Live Act at the [[TMF Awards]] in the [[Netherlands]] in 2001.

In 2004, their fourth album ''[[No Roots (album)|No Roots]]'' debuted at number 1 in the UK, conceived as a conceptual continuous piece of music in one key, with strong lyrical gravitas it featured vocals from [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], new collaborator L.S.K, and the late [[Nina Simone]]. [[Dave Grohl]] of [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] and [[Foo Fighters]] cited Faithless’ hit protest song "Mass Destruction" as the song he most wished he had written during an interview with [[Q (magazine)|''Q'' magazine]],<ref>{{cite news |title='The Music That Changed My Life' |work=[[Q (magazine)|Q]] |url=http://www.fooarchive.com/gpb/qmagazine25.htm}}</ref> and the lyrics were quoted in the [[US Senate]]. A powerful video directed by award-winning directing team Dom & Nick alluded to abuses of power during the [[Iraq War]] to chilling effect, tracing the connection from childhood bullying to terrorism and genocide.

Encouraged by their label, Faithless released a [[Greatest hits album|Greatest Hits]] album, ''[[Forever Faithless]]''. The Greatest Hits album went four times platinum and was the best-selling dance album of 2005. A huge global tour followed the success of the album.

Their fifth album, ''[[To All New Arrivals]]'', was released in 2006. It was inspired by the uncertain futures facing [[Sister Bliss]]’ recently-born son, and [[Rollo Armstrong|Rollo]]’s young family, exploring themes of global poverty, immigration, conflict and belonging through the concept of "new arrivals". The first single "Bombs", with its anti-war message and video directed by director [[Howard Greenhalgh]], was not playlisted on daytime [[MTV]] or [[BBC Radio 1]].<ref name=shots>{{cite web |url=http://www.shots.net/article_detail.asp?atype=1&id=3368 |title=Bombs Away |publisher=Shots.net |access-date=28 November 2006 |date=1 November 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413160547/http://www.shots.net/article_detail.asp?atype=1 |archive-date=13 April 2010 }}</ref> The album also featured collaborations with Cat Power and Robert Smith of [[The Cure]]. The band played [[Coachella (festival)|Coachella Valley Festival]] in 2007.

=== 2010s: Hiatuses and Jazz's departure ===

Their sixth album ''[[The Dance (Faithless album)|The Dance]]'' was released on 16 May 2010, after a four-year recording break for the band, on their own label "Nate’s Tunes" - and was 2nd in the UK album charts behind [[The Rolling Stones]]. Faithless again played the Pyramid stage at Glastonbury in 2010, as well as other festivals around the world, and arenas. They were seen by over one million people and sold over 400,000 records.<ref>citation needed</ref> Faithless performed at [[Brixton Academy]] on 7 and 8 April 2011 and was transmitted live via satellite to cinemas across [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Faithless-Passing-The-Baton-Live-From-Brixton/release/3493431|title=Faithless – Passing The Baton – Live From Brixton|publisher=discogs|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>

In 2015, Faithless released a remix album under the banner of ''[[Faithless 2.0]]''. The studio album featured contributions from the biggest names in electronic music including [[Avicii]], [[Tiësto]], [[Armin van Buuren]], [[Claptone]] and [[Booka Shade]]. The album contained tracks from their 25-year career, encompassing seventeen Top 40 singles, six Top 10 albums and they embarked on a tour to celebrate the album released.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/music/faithless-on-reuniting-and-a-remix-album-a2918486.html |work=Evening Standard |title=Faithless: On reuniting and a remix album |date=21 August 2015 |access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> In 2015 and 2016, the band played a series of live dates under the Faithless 2.0 banner, featuring [[Maxi Jazz]] and a full live band. Jazz left the group for the final time in 2016.

=== 2020s: ''All Blessed'', death of Maxi Jazz, and ''Champion Sound''===

After a seven-year recording hiatus, the seventh Faithless studio album ''[[All Blessed]]'' was released in October 2020. The release came in the middle of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], with the themes of the album weaving around immigration, identity, empathy and lack of it. The first track that was officially released from the album came on the same weekend as the album release, Synthesizer, a love letter to electronic music. The album features vocals from newcomers Nathan Ball and spoken word artist & poet [[Suli Breaks]], along with [[Caleb Femi]]. Other notable appearances on the album include [[Soul II Soul]] founder [[Jazzie B]], [[Gaika (musician)|Gaika]], and [[Damien Jurado]]. Rollo said of the album, "We want to give them something else – something that could breathe." It continued their top 3 chart success in the [[UK]] and Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magneticmag.com/2020/10/album-review-faithless-all-blessed/|title=Album Review: Faithless - All Blessed|first=Ryan|last=Middleton|website=Magneticmag.com|date=23 October 2020 |access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref>

On 23 December 2022, Maxi Jazz died "peacefully in his sleep" at his home in London, England at the age of 65.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-64087315|title=Faithless lead singer Maxi Jazz dies aged 65|last=Lee|first=Dulcie|work=[[BBC News]]|date=24 December 2022|accessdate=24 December 2022}}</ref> Seven days later, the band's compilation ''Forever Faithless'' re-entered the UK Album Downloads chart at number 7.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-downloads-chart/|title=Official Album Downloads Chart Top 100 30 December 2022 - 05 January 2023|website=Official Charts|date=30 December 2022|access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref>

In January 2024, Bliss announced that Faithless were returning to the "live arena" after eight years, with the group confirmed for dates<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAITHLESS - CHAMPION SOUND - LIVE 2024 |url=http://www.faithless.co.uk/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=FAITHLESS - CHAMPION SOUND - LIVE 2024}}</ref> including [[Camp Bestival]] in Shropshire in August that year.<ref>[https://www.nme.com/news/music/faithless-announce-return-to-the-stage-to-celebrate-maxi-jazz-at-camp-bestival-shropshire-2024-3580014 Faithless announce a return to the stage to celebrate Maxi Jazz at Camp Bestival Shropshire 2024]. ''NME''. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.</ref> On 12 July 2024, Faithless released the single "Find A Way", which features [[Suli Breaks]]. On the same day, they announced the title of their upcoming eighth studio album, ''Champion Sound''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://djmag.com/news/faithless-announce-new-album-champion-sound-share-find-way-featuring-suli-breaks-listen|title=Faithless announce new album, ‘Champion Sound’, share ‘Find A Way’ featuring Suli Breaks: Listen|website=DJ Mag|last=Lejarde|first=Arielle Lena|date=12 July 2024|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/faithless-announce-eighth-album-champion-sound-with-funky-new-single-find-a-way-3774503|title=Faithless announce eighth album ‘Champion Sound’ with funky new single ‘Find A Way’|website=NME|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date=12 July 2024|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> On 30 August 2024, the group released the single "I'm Not Alone (Rest Well Maxwell)" which features Amelia Fox and [[LSK]], in tribute to Maxi Jazz.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5GIcc2R4n8CRYVgBVwnmHE?si=9QQbSOPnTQuTCLvkWXW5zQ|title=Faithless - I'm Not Alone (Rest Well Maxwell) feat. Amelia Fox & LSK|website=Spotify|date=30 August 2024|access-date=30 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stereoboard.com/content/view/244878/9|title=Faithless Release New Single I'm Not Alone (Rest Well Maxwell)|website=Stereoboard|last=Stickler|first=Jon|date=30 August 2024|access-date=30 August 2024}}</ref> On the same day, they announced The Champion Sound Tour, which will visit UK and European cities in November and December 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stereoboard.com/content/view/244854/9|title=Faithless Tickets For Champion Sound UK And European Tour On Sale 10am Today|website=Stereoboard|last=Johnson|first=Laura|date=30 August 2024|access-date=30 August 2024}}</ref>

On 25 April 2025, Faithless released the single "Dollars and Dimes", featuring [[Bebe Rexha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.music-news.com/news/UK/181232/Bebe-Rexha-and-Faithless-team-up-on-unlikely-collab-Dollars-and-Dimes|title=Bebe Rexha and Faithless team up on unlikely collab, Dollars and Dimes|website=Music News|date=25 April 2025|access-date=25 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://telegrafi.com/en/Bebe-Rexha-brings-this-Friday-the-new-song-Dollars-Dimes-by-the-British-band-Faithless--the-first-for-the-year-2025./|title=Bebe Rexha releases new song "Dollars and Dimes" with British band Faithless this Friday, her first for 2025|website=Telegrafi|date=25 April 2025|access-date=25 April 2025}}</ref>

==Other work==
In between album releases, Faithless also released compilation albums revealing more of their personality and influence including the long-running Back to Mine sessions as well as [[NME|NME in Association]] with War Child Presents 1 Love, The Bedroom Sessions and the Renaissance 3D music project, in conjunction with the iconic Renaissance nightclub.

As well as their own studio albums, all three members have actively engaged in other people's work as solo artists.

[[Sister Bliss]] is a prominent dance DJ and has for a long time toured the circuit on her own, and has also scored numerous TV, film and theatre productions, along with presenting an award-winning Bauer Media show on [[Scala Radio]] joining the dots between classical and electronic music. [[Sister Bliss]]’ hugely successful weekly radio show and podcast ‘Sister Bliss in Session’, is syndicated to over 100 stations & 43 countries worldwide, and has around 10 million listeners per month and 60,000 podcast downloads per month.

[[Rollo Armstrong|Rollo]] released a solo record in 2019 under the moniker ''R PLUS'' called ''The Last Summer'' which features [[Dido (singer)|Dido]]. On 13 May 2022 he released ''WeDisappear'', a collaboration album with Amelia Fox.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/wedisappear-dj-mix-feat-amelia-fox/1621492809|title=R Plus WeDisappear|website=Apple Music|date=13 May 2022|access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.frontview-magazine.be/en/news/rollo-armstrong-redefines-storytelling-with-second-r-plus-album-wedisappear|title=Rollo Armstrong redefines storytelling with second R Plus album: 'WeDisappear'|website=Front View Magazine|date=16 May 2022|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4w9lDjMD7wopSiYLBVsDgI?si=i4VyMFDsRRqoQnJodH1qEQ|title=R Plus - We Disappear|website=Spotify|date=13 May 2022|access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref> "Makes Me Feel Good"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4CIhrgOJY39WbYEpCfOfaA?si=QQgSVZpkSZ-bSeQ90quV7Q|title=R Plus, Faithless & Amelia Fox - Makes Me Feel Good|website=Spotify|date=18 March 2022|access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref> and an edited version of "Let's Really Have Some Fun", released 28 April 2023, were released as singles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4JqTO1Oj6MeRdAXfDx9DqH?si=NbVDWt6tRs-nnqCO0JRxug|title=R Plus, Faithless, Amelia Fox - Let's Really Have Some Fun|website=Spotify|date=28 April 2023|access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> On 24 November 2023, the album, ''For Lovers, Not Killers'' was released, once again in collaboration with Amelia Fox.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ArTfnUAjvlkdxdzqXS9ej?si=JRYteMVhSqWCN743Rtnh3A|title=For Lovers, Not Killers - R Plus, Faithless & Amelia Fox|website=Spotify|date=24 November 2023|access-date=9 December 2023}}</ref>
The R Plus albums have erroneously been credited to Faithless on many streaming services.

[[Maxi Jazz]] also collaborated with Faithless founding member Jamie Catto on his project ''1 Giant Leap'' and released an album with his band Maxi Jazz and the E-Type Boys.

Finally, Rollo founded the label Cheeky Records and has produced the music of other artists, most notably his sister Dido's albums, as well as using various monikers to create popular dance music under the names Rollo Goes... (Camping, Mystic and Spiritual), [[Felix (musician)|Felix]], Our Tribe (with [[Rob Dougan]]), and [[Dusted (British band)|Dusted]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.mxdwn.com/2019/10/01/news/dido-joins-rollo-and-sister-bliss-of-faithless-as-r-plus-debut-album-the-last-summer-announced-for-october-2019-release/|title=Dido Joins Rollo and Sister Bliss of Faithless as R Plus, Debut Album The Last Summer Announced for October 2019 Release |website=Music.mxdwn.com|date=1 October 2019|access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref>

==Band members==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Current members'''
* [[Sister Bliss]] (studio and live) – keyboards, synthesizers, piano, production, arrangement, mixer, composer, programming (1995–2011; 2015–present)
* [[Rollo Armstrong|Rollo]] (studio only) – keyboards, drum machine, guitar, bass, production, arrangement, mixer, composer, programming (1995–2011; 2015–present)

'''Collaborative and touring member'''
* [[LSK]] – lead and backing vocals (2004–2011; 2015–present)<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/jun/04/popandrock.shopping1 Faithless, No Roots]. ''The Guardian''. 4 June 2004. Retrieved 8 June 2025.</ref><ref>[https://weraveyou.com/2025/06/faithless-forever-free/ Faithless open a new era with ‘Forever Free’ and Maxi Jazz’s final vocal performance]. ''We rave You''. 2 June 2025. Retrieved 8 June 2025.</ref>

'''Former members'''
* [[Maxi Jazz]] – lead vocals, guitar, programmer, production (1995–2011; 2015–2016, died 2022)
* [[Jamie Catto]] – lead and backing vocals, guitar, keyboards (1995–1999)
* [[Dave Randall (musician)|Dave Randall]] – guitar (1996–1999 and 2004–2011)
* [[Aubrey Nunn]] – bass guitar (1995–2006)
* [[Sudha Kheterpal]] – percussion (1998–2011)

{{col-end}}

==Discography==
{{Main|Faithless discography}}
*''[[Reverence (Faithless album)|Reverence]]'' (1996)
*''[[Sunday 8PM]]'' (1998)
*''[[Outrospective]]'' (2001)
*''[[No Roots (album)|No Roots]]'' (2004)
*''[[To All New Arrivals]]'' (2006)
*''[[The Dance (Faithless album)|The Dance]]'' (2010)
*''[[All Blessed]]'' (2020)
*''[[Champion Sound (Faithless album)|Champion Sound]]'' (2025)

==See also==
*[[List of Billboard number-one dance hits|List of ''Billboard'' number-one dance hits]]
*[[List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.faithless.co.uk Official web site (UK)]
*{{Musicbrainz artist|id=23d9d74d-c95e-46a6-be26-a6075c49747a|name=Faithless}}
* {{discogs artist|Faithless}}
* {{IMDb name|1929617}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.soundamental.org/blog/telechargement/ The story of Faithless in the french PDF magazine Soundamental]

{{Faithless}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Musical groups established in 1995]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 2015]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in England]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:English dance music groups]]
[[Category:Arista Records artists]]
[[Category:Sony Music UK artists]]
[[Category:English electronic music groups]]
[[Category:English house music groups]]
[[Category:British techno music groups]]
[[Category:Trip hop groups]]
[[Category:British trance music groups]]
[[Category:English remixers]]
[[Category:Electronic music groups from London]]
[[Category:BT Digital Music Awards winners]]
[[Category:Electronic dance music]]

Rollo Armstrong

2025-06-19T21:08:13Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|British record producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Rollo
| image = Rollo on URY Nov 1987.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt = A man singing into a microphone.
| caption = Rollo in 1987
| birth_name = Rowland Constantine O'Malley Armstrong
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|05|08}}
| birth_place = [[Kensington]], London, England
| current_member_of = [[Faithless]]
| genre =
| alias = R Plus The OT Quartet Dignity
| occupation = Record producer
| instrument = Keyboards, synthesiser
| years_active = 1991–present
| label = Cheeky Records/[[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]
}}

'''Rowland Constantine O'Malley Armstrong'''<ref name="Rollo on BMI">{{cite web|url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/writer.asp?page=1&blnWriter=True&blnPublisher=True&blnArtist=True&fromrow=1&torow=25&affiliation=PRS&cae=247809931&keyID=583864&keyname=ARMSTRONG%20ROWLAND%20CONSTANTINE%20O%20MALLEY&querytype=WriterID|title=Songwriter/Composer: ARMSTRONG ROWLAND CONSTANTINE O MALLEY|work=BMI Repertoire|publisher=[[Broadcast Music Incorporated]]|access-date=29 September 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (born 8 May 1966), known professionally as both '''Rollo''' and '''R Plus''', is an English DJ and music producer. He is one half of the remix/production duo Rollo & [[Sister Bliss]] and is a founding, non-touring, member of the [[electronic music]] group [[Faithless]]. He has produced and remixed many tracks for his sister [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], [[Rob Dougan]], [[Pet Shop Boys]], [[Simply Red]], [[R. Kelly]], [[U2]], [[Moby]], [[Grace (band)|Grace]], [[Tricky (musician)|Tricky]] and [[Suede (band)|Suede]]. He is also known for producing the [[UEFA Euro 2008]] theme,<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |date=2008-06-27 |title=Official melody in tune with EURO {{!}} UEFA EURO |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0254-0d7bf3152e43-c384408bc497-1000--official-melody-in-tune-with-euro/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=[[UEFA]] |language=en}}</ref> which is also used as [[UEFA Super Cup]], [[UEFA Women's Championship]], and youth tournaments theme since 2017.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

== Early life ==
Rollo was born to an Irish publisher and a French-English poet. His younger sister is singer [[Dido (singer)|Dido]].<ref name=Independent_obituary>{{cite news|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article2160041.ece|title=William Armstrong — Publisher at Sidgwick & Jackson|author=Patrick Janson-Smith|work=Obituaries|date=17 January 2007|access-date=8 October 2008|location=London|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214191642/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article2160041.ece|archive-date=14 December 2007}}</ref> He studied at the [[University of York]] and was an active member of the student radio station [[URY]]. Later bandmate [[Sister Bliss]] has claimed that Rollo experiences [[synaesthesia]], seeing "music as colours".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/oct/19/faithless-how-we-made-insomnia-sister-bliss-maxi-jazz Faithless: how we made Insomnia]. ''The Guardian''. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</ref>

== Career ==
Rollo has appeared on a large number of music projects, both within groups and solo, using various monikers, including [[Faithless]] (which he formed in 1995 with [[Sister Bliss]], [[Jamie Catto]] and [[Maxi Jazz]]), Rollo Goes ..., Our Tribe (with [[Rob Dougan]]), and [[Dusted (British band)|Dusted]].

In late 1991, Rollo founded Cheeky Records, releasing two singles before the label folded.<ref name="Larkin">Larkin, Colin (1998) ''The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music'', Virgin Books, {{ISBN|0-7535-0252-6}}, p. 54</ref> In 1992 [[Champion Records (UK)|Champion Records]] stepped in to help with funding and advice, and the label was restarted, with ''[[Reverence (Faithless album)|Reverence]]'' by Faithless its first album release (it has since been bought out by [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]).<ref name="Larkin" /> In 1992, Rollo co-wrote and co-produced [[Felix (musician)|Felix]]'s hit single "[[Don't You Want Me (Felix song)|Don't You Want Me]]", which reached number 1 in Finland, Italy, Spain and Switzerland, as well as reaching number 6 on the [[UK Singles Chart]].<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book
| first= David
| last= Roberts
| year= 2006
| title= [[British Hit Singles & Albums]]
| edition= 19th
| publisher= Guinness World Records Limited
| location= London
| isbn= 1-904994-10-5
| page= 197}}</ref>

In the United States, Rollo is known for his production work on Dido's albums: ''[[No Angel (album)|No Angel]]'' (1999), ''[[Life for Rent]]'' (2003), ''[[Safe Trip Home]]'' (2008), [[Girl Who Got Away]] (2013) and ''[[Still on My Mind]]'' (2019). Rollo was also a producer on singer-songwriter [[Kristine W]]'s debut album, ''[[Land of the Living (album)|Land of the Living]]''.

In 2008, Rollo composed the official melody of the [[UEFA Euro 2008]] competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euro2008.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressConference/Competitions/MediaServices/66/52/88/665288_DOWNLOAD.pdf |title=The official UEFA EURO 2008 music |work=UEFA EURO 2008: 100 days to go |pages=(page 5) |date=28 February 2008 |publisher=[[UEFA]] |access-date=7 October 2008 |quote=For the first time ever, the European Championship has an official melody...composed by Rollo Armstrong of Faithless on behalf of UEFA. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003075031/http://www.euro2008.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressConference/Competitions/MediaServices/66/52/88/665288_DOWNLOAD.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2008 }}</ref> and [[UEFA Euro 2012]]. He was nominated for an [[Academy Award]] in the category of [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for his work with [[A.R. Rahman]] and Dido on "[[If I Rise]]", featuring in the 2010 [[Danny Boyle]] film ''[[127 Hours]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/83/nominees.html |title=Winners for the 83rd Academy Awards | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=24 April 2012}}</ref>

===R Plus===
On 11 October 2019, Rollo released his first solo album, ''The Last Summer'' under the alias "R Plus".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://music.mxdwn.com/2019/10/01/news/dido-joins-rollo-and-sister-bliss-of-faithless-as-r-plus-debut-album-the-last-summer-announced-for-october-2019-release/|title= Dido Joins Rollo and Sister Bliss of Faithless as R Plus, Debut Album The Last Summer Announced for October 2019 Release|last=Wong|first=Miranda|website=MXDWN|date= October 2019|access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/oct/03/rollo-dido-armstrong-faithless-50m-selling-cancer|title= Rollo and Dido: return of the 50m-selling siblings who blundered into stardom|website=The Guardian|last=Petridis|first=Alexis|date=3 October 2019|access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> It charted at No. 96 on the UK Album Sales Chart<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-sales-chart/20191018/7511/|title=Official Albums Sales Chart Top 100 18 October 2019 – 24 October 2019|publisher=Official Charts Company|access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> and at No. 55 on the UK Album Download Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-downloads-chart/20191018/7003/|title=Official Album Downloads Chart Top 100 18 October 2019 – 24 October 2019|publisher=Official Charts Company |access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> On 19 July 2020, ''The Last Summer (Deluxe Edition)'' was released, and credited as by both R Plus and Dido.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/40hpWkhyQMu1Gezvre0nGp?si=Bipjf9pBTqObIOSYixwEfA|title=R Plus and Dido - The Last Summer (Deluxe Edition)|website=Spotify|date=19 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>

After moving record labels to [[Armada Music]], Rollo (as R Plus) released a cover of [[Joy Division]]'s 1980 hit "[[Love Will Tear Us Apart]]" on 7 May 2021, and features singer Amelia Fox. Rollo spoke of the remake: "[The song] meant the world to me when I was teenager, and it still does. I stole my first Joy Division T-shirt from a shop in [[Camden Market]], and got to fleetingly meet guitarist [[Peter Hook]] years later at a party at the Hacienda in Manchester. It took a long time before I felt brave enough to cover this song, before I felt I knew what I was doing as a producer [...] To introduce Amelia Fox and the new R Plus album to the world, we thought it would be good to start with this cover. We wanted our version to sound like a piece of music found in a time capsule buried under the now empty DJ booth at the Hacienda, and wanted to capture both the sadness of the song and the late-night euphoria of that legendary club."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ravejungle.com/2021/05/10/rollo-armstrong-love-will-tear-us-apart/|title=Faithless' Rollo Armstrong debuts on Armada with new R Plus single: 'Love Will Tear Us Apart'|website=Rave Jungle|last=Gelevski|first=Alex|date=10 May 2021|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/love-will-tear-us-apart/1571847341?i=1571847348|title=R Plus Love Will Tear Us Apart|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> In July 2021, R Plus released "Hey Lover" again featuring Fox.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://music.apple.com/gb/album/hey-lover-feat-amelia-fox/1576640481?i=1576640483|title=Hey Lover|access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>

On 13 May 2022, R Plus released ''WeDisappear'', a collaboration album with Amelia Fox.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/wedisappear-dj-mix-feat-amelia-fox/1621492809|title=R Plus WeDisappear|website=Apple Music|date=13 May 2022|access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.frontview-magazine.be/en/news/rollo-armstrong-redefines-storytelling-with-second-r-plus-album-wedisappear|title=Rollo Armstrong redefines storytelling with second R Plus album: 'WeDisappear'|website=Front View Magazine|date=16 May 2022|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4w9lDjMD7wopSiYLBVsDgI?si=i4VyMFDsRRqoQnJodH1qEQ|title=R Plus - We Disappear|website=Spotify|date=13 May 2022|access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref> "Makes Me Feel Good"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4CIhrgOJY39WbYEpCfOfaA?si=QQgSVZpkSZ-bSeQ90quV7Q|title=R Plus, Faithless & Amelia Fox - Makes Me Feel Good|website=Spotify|date=18 March 2022|access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref> and an edited version of "Let's Really Have Some Fun", released 28 April 2023, were released as singles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4JqTO1Oj6MeRdAXfDx9DqH?si=NbVDWt6tRs-nnqCO0JRxug|title=R Plus, Faithless, Amelia Fox - Let's Really Have Some Fun|website=Spotify|date=28 April 2023|access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> On 24 November 2023, R Plus released the album ''For Lovers, Not Killers'', alongside Fox.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ArTfnUAjvlkdxdzqXS9ej?si=s63F4-EiTuydrcYdGjwf8w|title=For Lovers, Not Killers|website=Spotify|date=24 November 2023|access-date=9 December 2023}}</ref> Some streaming services erroneously list Faithless as a collaborative artist on R Plus releases, due to Armstrong's involvement in both projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=R Plus |url=https://www.armadamusic.com/artists/r-plus |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Armada Music |language=en}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{{See also|Faithless discography}}

=== Albums ===
*2000 ''When We Were Young'', as '''Dusted''' (with Mark Bates)
*2005 ''Safe From Harm'' (re-release of ''When We Were Young''), as '''Dusted''' (with Mark Bates)
*2005 ''Instrumentals'', as '''Dusted''' (with Mark Bates)
*2019 ''The Last Summer'', as '''R Plus'''
*2020 ''The Last Summer (Deluxe Edition)'', as '''R Plus''' (with Dido)
*2022 ''WeDisappear'', as '''R Plus''' (with Amelia Fox)
*2023 ''For Lovers, not Killers'', as '''R Plus''' (with Amelia Fox)

=== Singles ===
;Dusted
:''all produced with Mark Bates''
*1997 "Deeper River" (with Pauline Taylor)
*2000 "Always Remember To Respect And Honour Your Mother"
*2000 "Childhood/Want You"
*2001 "Under The Sun"

;Rollo & Rob D productions
:''all produced with [[Rob Dougan]]''
*1993 "I Believe In You", as '''Our Tribe''' (with Colette)
*1994 "Love Come Home", as '''Our Tribe''' (with Frankie Pharaoh and [[Kristine W]])
*1994 "High", as '''O.T. Tunes'''
*1994 "Hold That Sucker Down", as '''The O.T. Quartet''' (with Colette)
*1995 "Hold That Sucker Down '95", as '''The O.T. Quartet''' (with Colette)
*1995 "High As A Kite", as '''One Tribe''' (with Roger)
*1995 "What Hope Have I", as '''Sphinx''' (with Sabrina Johnston)
*2000 "Hold That Sucker Down 2000", as '''The O.T. Quartet''' (with Colette)
*2005 "Hold That Sucker Down 2005", as '''The O.T. Quartet''' (with Colette)
*2007 "What Hope Have I (Remixes)", as '''Sphinx''' (with Sabrina Johnston)

;Rollo Goes...
*1993 "Get Off Your High Horse", as '''Rollo Goes Camping''' (with [[Sister Bliss]] and Colette) – [[UK Singles Chart|UK]] No. 43<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums 2">{{cite book
| first= David
| last= Roberts
| year= 2006
| title= British Hit Singles & Albums
| edition= 19th
| publisher= Guinness World Records Limited
| location= London
| isbn= 1-904994-10-5
| page= 468}}</ref>
*1995 "Love, Love, Here I Come", as '''Rollo Goes Mystic''' (with Sister Bliss and Pauline Taylor) – UK No. 32<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums 2" />
*1996 "Let This Be A Prayer", as '''Rollo Goes Spiritual''' (with Sister Bliss and Pauline Taylor)- UK No. 26<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums 2" />
*1997 "Love, Love, Here I Come '97", as '''Rollo Goes Mystic''' (with Sister Bliss and Pauline Taylor)

;Other aliases
*1992 "Hypnotized", as '''High On Love''' (with Chris Rushby)
*1992 "A Million Ways", as '''Stoned Democracy''' (with Chris Rushby)
*1993 "In My World", as '''High On Love''' (with Chris Rushby)
*1993 "Close (Like An Overdose)", as '''Stoned Democracy''' (with Chris Rushby)
*1994 "Give Me Life", as '''Mr. V''' (with Rob Villiers)
*1996 "Help Me Make It", as '''Huff & Puff''' (with Ben Langmaid and Sister Bliss)
*2000 "Born Again", as '''Huff & Puff''' (with Ben Langmaid)

;R Plus
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ List of singles as lead artist, showing year released and originating album
! scope="col" style="width:16em;" | Title
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" | Album
|-
! scope="row"| "Summer Dress" (featuring Dido)
|rowspan="3"| 2019
|rowspan="3"| ''The Last Summer''
|-
! scope="row"| "Those Were The Days" (featuring Dido)
|-
! scope="row"| "My Boy" (featuring Dido)
|-
! scope="row"| "Together (In These Times)" (featuring Dido)
|2020
|rowspan="2"| Non-album singles
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Love Will Tear Us Apart]]" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|rowspan="3"| 2021
|-
! scope="row"| "Hey Lover" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|rowspan="8"| ''WeDisappear''
|-
! scope="row"| "Hold On To Your Heart" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|-
! scope="row"| "This Girl Is Gone" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|rowspan="4"| 2022
|-
! scope="row"| "Makes Me Feel Good" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|-
! scope="row"| "U Disappear" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|-
! scope="row"| "Love Makes Me Feel Good" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|-
! scope="row"| "It's Enough (The Last High)" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|rowspan="2"| 2023
|-
! scope="row"| "Let's Really Have Some Fun" (featuring Amelia Fox)
|-
|}

;Single production for other artists
*1992 Felix – "Don't You Want Me" (with Red Jerry)
*1992 Felix – "It Will Make Me Crazy"
*1992 Frankë – "Understand This Groove" (with Rob Dougan)
*1993 Frankë – "We're On A Mission"
*1993 U.S.U.R.A. – "Tear It Up"
*1994 Sister Bliss – "Cantgetaman, Cantgetajob (Life's A Bitch!)" (with Colette)
*1994 Kristine W – "Feel What You Want" (with Rob Dougan)
*1995 Kristine W – "One More Try" (with Rob Dougan)
*1995 Kristine W – "Don't Wanna Think" (with Rob Dougan)
*1995 Sister Bliss – "Oh! What A World" (with Colette)
*1995 Sunscreem – "Exodus" (Tuff Mix)
*1996 Kristine W – "Land Of The Living" (with Rob Dougan)
*1996 Kristine W – "Sweet Mercy Me" (with Rob Dougan)
*1996 Sister Bliss – "Bad Man" (with Junkdog Howler)
*1996 Pauline Taylor – "Constantly Waiting" (with Sister Bliss and Matt Benbrook)
*1998 Pauline Taylor – "The Letter" (with Matt Benbrook)
*2000 Shawn Christopher – "So Wrong" (with Rob Dougan)
*2000 Sister Bliss feat. John Martyn – "Deliver Me"
*2000 Sister Bliss – "Sister Sister"
*2001 Dido – "Thank You"
*2003 Dido – "White Flag"
*2003 Dido – "Life For Rent"
*2004 Dido – "Don't Leave Home"
*2004 Dido – "Sand In My Shoes"
*2008 Dido – "Don't Believe In Love"
*2009 Dido – "Quiet Times"
*2013 Dido – "No Freedom"
*2013 Dido – "End Of Night"
*2019 Dido – "Take You Home"
*2019 Dido – "Just Because"

;Album production for other artists
*1996 Kristine W – ''Land of the Living'' (with Rob Dougan)
*1998 Pauline Taylor – ''Pauline Taylor''
*1999 Pet Shop Boys – ''Nightlife''
*2000 Dido – ''No Angel''
*2003 Dido – ''Life For Rent''
*2003 P*Nut – ''Sweet As''
*2005 [[Enigma (German band)|Enigma]] – ''[[The Dusted Variations]]''
*2008 Dido – ''Safe Trip Home''
*2013 Dido – ''Girl Who Got Away''
*2019 Shey Baba – ''Requiem''
*2019 Dido – ''Still on my Mind''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.rollo-armstrong.co.uk/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070811222537/http://arts.enotes.com/contemporary-musicians/faithless-biography Faithless] at eNotes
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqMpUASh56U UEFA EURO 2008 full Trailer Intro Theme Jingle] on YouTube. This is the long version of the trailer with the full soundtrack, composed by Rollo.

{{Faithless}}
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Rollo}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:British trance musicians]]
[[Category:Dido (singer)]]
[[Category:English electronic musicians]]
[[Category:English dance musicians]]
[[Category:English house musicians]]
[[Category:English record producers]]
[[Category:English techno musicians]]
[[Category:English people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Ivor Novello Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Kensington]]
[[Category:British remixers]]

Top of the Pops

2025-06-18T21:34:41Z

80.192.231.72: /* BBC Four reruns */

{{short description|British music chart television series}}
{{About|the BBC television programme|other uses|Top of the Pops (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Totp logo 1986.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = Logo used 1973–1986 and 2019–2021
| creator = [[Johnnie Stewart]] and [[Stanley Dorfman]]<ref name=":1" />
| director = {{plainlist|
* [[Stanley Dorfman]] (1964–1970)<ref name=":1" />
* [[Johnnie Stewart]] (1964–1969)
* Mel Cornish (1969–1970)<ref name=":1" />
* [[Robin Nash]] (1973–1980)
}}
| presenter = {{plainlist|
* [[Clara Amfo]] (2017–present)
* [[List of Top of the Pops presenters|(see full list of past presenters)]]}}
| country = United Kingdom
| num_episodes = 2,274 (508 missing)<ref>{{cite web|title=TOP OF THE POPS|url=http://www.lostshows.com/default.aspx?programme=49b24416-f441-429b-9f8a-045ec4a74a8d|publisher=lostshows.com|access-date=28 October 2015|archive-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105145257/http://www.lostshows.com/default.aspx?programme=49b24416-f441-429b-9f8a-045ec4a74a8d|url-status=live}}</ref>
| executive_producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Johnnie Stewart]] (1964–1969)
* [[Stanley Dorfman]] (1969–1973)
* [[Robin Nash]] (1973–1980)
* [[Michael Hurll]] (1980–1988)
* Paul Ciani (1988–1991)
* [[Stanley Appel]] (1991–1994)
* [[Ric Blaxill]] (1994–1997)
* [[Chris Cowey]] (1997–2003)
* [[Andi Peters]] (2003–2005)
* Mark Cooper (2005–2018)
* Alison Howe (2019–2021)
}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Stanley Dorfman]] (1964–1970)<ref name=":1" />
* [[Johnnie Stewart]] (1964–1969)
* Mel Cornish (1969–1973)<ref name=":1" />
* [[Robin Nash]] (1973–1980)
* Neville Wortman
* Colin Charman
* Brian Whitehouse
* Phil Bishop
* Mark Wells
* Jeff Simpson
* Michael Kelpie (Series Producer 2000–2002)
* Barrie Kelly
* Dominic Smith
* Sally Wood
* Stephanie McWhinnie
* Caroline Cullen}}
| runtime = 25–60 minutes
| company = [[BBC Studios Music Productions]]
| network = [[BBC One]] (weekly)
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|1964|1|01}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2005|7|08}}
| network2 = [[BBC One]] (Christmas and New Year specials)
| first_aired2 = {{Start date|df=y|1964|12|24}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/1964-12-24|title=BBC One London – 24 December 1964 – BBC Genome|website=BBC Genome|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031232622/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/1964-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
| last_aired2 = {{End date|df=y|2021|12|31}}
| network3 = [[BBC Two]] (weekly)
| first_aired3 = {{Start date|df=y|2005|7|17}}
| last_aired3 = {{End date|df=y|2006|07|30}}
| network4 = [[BBC Two]] (Christmas review)
| first_aired4 = {{Start date|df=y|2022|12|24}}
| last_aired4 = present
| related = {{plainlist|
* ''[[TOTP2]]''
* ''[[Top Gear of the Pops]]''
* ''[[Top of the Pops Reloaded]]''
* ''[[TOTP@Play|TOTP@play]]''
* ''[[TopPop]]''}}
}}

'''''Top of the Pops''''' ('''''TOTP''''') is a British [[record chart]] television programme, made by the [[BBC]] and broadcast weekly between 1{{nbsp}}January 1964 and 30 July 2006. The programme was the world's longest-running weekly music show. For most of its history, it was broadcast on Thursday evenings on [[BBC One]]. Each show consisted of performances of some of the week's best-selling [[popular music]] records, usually excluding any tracks moving down the chart, including a rundown of that week's singles chart. This was originally the Top 20, though this varied throughout the show's history. The Top 30 was used from 1969 and the Top 40 from 1984.

[[Dusty Springfield]]'s "[[I Only Want to Be with You]]" was the first song featured on ''TOTP'', while [[the Rolling Stones]] were the first band to perform with "[[I Wanna Be Your Man]]".<ref name="bbcpr-0606">{{cite news|title=BBC says fond farewell to Top of the Pops|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/06_june/20/totp.shtml|access-date=21 September 2019|agency=BBC|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120012154/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/6_june/20/totp.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Snow Patrol]] were the last act to play live on the weekly show when they performed their single "[[Chasing Cars]]".<ref name="snowpatrol">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-49008689|title=And the most-played song on UK radio is{{nbsp}}... Chasing Cars by Snow Patrol|work=[[BBC News]]|date=17 July 2019|access-date=17 July 2019|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126214256/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-49008689|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Status Quo (band)|Status Quo]] made more appearances than any other artist, with a total of 106 (the first was with "[[Pictures of Matchstick Men]]" in 1968 and last with "[[The Party Ain't Over Yet (song)|The Party Ain't Over Yet]]" in 2005).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03j113z | title=BBC Two - TOTP2, Status Quo }}</ref>

Special editions were broadcast on Christmas Day (and usually, until 1984, a second edition a few days after Christmas), featuring some of the best-selling singles of the year and the [[Christmas number one]]. Although the weekly show was cancelled in 2006,<ref>[http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,1802058,00.html Show's over for Top of the Pops] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710034633/http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,1802058,00.html |date=10 July 2020 }}, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 20 June 2006.</ref> the Christmas special continued annually. End-of-year round-up editions have also been broadcast on BBC1 on or around New Year's Eve, albeit largely featuring the same acts and tracks as the Christmas Day shows.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/faq/tvshow_02.shtml |title=Top of the Pops – FAQ's |publisher=BBC |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705070109/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/faq/tvshow_02.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk52/entertainment.shtml#entertainment_totp|title=Programme Information Network TV Weeks 52/1|publisher=BBC Press Office|access-date=1 December 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071130180517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk52/entertainment.shtml| archive-date = 30 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="xmas08">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7738180.stm |title=Entertainment | Top of the Pops back at Christmas |work=BBC News |date=20 November 2008 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=15 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215054302/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7738180.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In a change of format, the festive specials have not returned since in 2022 and were replaced by an end-of-year review show on BBC Two. It also survives as ''[[Top of the Pops 2]]'', which began in 1994 and features vintage performances from the ''Top of the Pops'' archives. Though ''TOTP2'' ceased producing new episodes from 2017, repeats of older episodes are still shown.

The [[Official Charts Company]] states that "performing on the show was considered an honour, and it pulled in just about every major player".<ref>{{cite news |title=Looking back at Top Of The Pops, which ended 10 years ago this week |work=Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-last-weekly-episode-of-top-of-the-pops-aired-10-years-ago-this-week-is-it-time-to-bring-a-music-show-back-to-prime-time-tv-__15792/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806171839/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-last-weekly-episode-of-top-of-the-pops-aired-10-years-ago-this-week-is-it-time-to-bring-a-music-show-back-to-prime-time-tv-__15792/ |archive-date=6 August 2020}}</ref> The show has seen seminal performances over its history. The March 1971 appearance of [[T. Rex (band)|T. Rex]] frontman [[Marc Bolan]] wearing glitter and satins as he performed "[[Hot Love (T. Rex song)|Hot Love]]" is often seen as the inception of [[glam rock]], and [[David Bowie]]'s performance of "[[Starman (song)|Starman]]" inspired future musicians.<ref>Mark Paytress, ''Bolan – The Rise And Fall Of A 20th Century Superstar'' ([[Omnibus Press]] 2002) {{ISBN|0-7119-9293-2}}, pp 180–181.</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite web|date=5 July 1972|title=Bowie performs 'Starman' on 'Top of the Pops'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/sevenages/events/art-rock/bowie-performs-starman-on-top-of-the-pops/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321010546/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/sevenages/events/art-rock/bowie-performs-starman-on-top-of-the-pops/|archive-date=21 March 2013|website=Seven Ages of Rock|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> In the 1990s, the show's format was sold to several foreign broadcasters in the form of a franchise package, and at one point various versions of the show were shown in more than 120 countries.<ref name="bbcpr-0606" /> Editions of the programme from 1976 onwards started being repeated on [[BBC Four]] in 2011 and are aired on most Friday evenings – as of 2025, the repeat run has reached 1998. Episodes featuring disgraced [[List of Top of the Pops presenters|presenters]] and [[List of performances on Top of the Pops|artists]] such as [[Jimmy Savile]], [[Dave Lee Travis]], [[Ian Watkins (Lostprophets singer)|Ian Watkins]] ([[Lostprophets]]), [[Jonathan King]], [[Rolf Harris]], [[Gary Glitter]], [[R. Kelly]] and [[Sean Combs|Diddy]] are no longer repeated.<ref>{{cite web |last=Revoir |first=Paul |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-11-27/bbc-to-cut-a-third-of-top-of-the-pops-episodes-to-remove-jimmy-savile-and-dave-lee-travis |title=Top of the Pops will continue on BBC4 – but without Jimmy Savile and Dave Lee Travis episodes. |website=Radio Times |date=27 November 2015 |access-date=24 June 2016 |archive-date=14 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614012259/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-11-27/bbc-to-cut-a-third-of-top-of-the-pops-episodes-to-remove-jimmy-savile-and-dave-lee-travis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Music |first=This Day In |date=2018-06-15 |title=The First Top Of The Pops |url=https://www.thisdayinmusic.com/odds-and-sods/the-first-top-of-the-pops/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=This Day In Music |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
{{more citations needed section|date=November 2012}}
[[File:Top of the Pops studio audience.jpg|thumb|An audience watching a performance at a recording of ''Top of the Pops'']]
[[Bill Cotton]] devised the name ''Top of the Pops''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cotton |first=Bill |title=Double Bill - 80 Years of Entertainment |publisher=Fourth Estate |date=1 January 2000 |isbn=9781841153278 |pages=106 |language=English}}</ref> Cotton, [[Johnnie Stewart]] and [[Stanley Dorfman]] devised the rules which governed how the show would operate: the programme would always end with the number one record, which was the only record that could appear in consecutive weeks. The show would include the highest new entry, and (if not featured in the previous week) the highest climber on the charts, and omit any song going down in the chart.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Humphries |first=Patrick |title=Top of the Pops: 50th Anniversary |publisher=McNidder & Grace |year=2013 |isbn=9780857160522 |edition=First |pages=3, 4 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="guardian.co.uk">(2005). A record would not appear twice until it had made the Top 30. [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/may/06/guardianobituaries.broadcasting "Johnnie Stewart Television producer who put Top Of The Pops on top"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312221204/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/may/06/guardianobituaries.broadcasting |date=12 March 2016 }}. ''The Guardian'', 6 May 2005</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Top Of The Pops: Are These The Two Most Frighteningly Powerful Men In Pop? Probably one in a thousand teenagers have the vaguest ideas who Stanley Dorfman and Mel Cornish are, but in the pop record business they are two of THE most important men. |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/itop-of-the-popsi-are-these-the-two-most-frighteningly-powerful-men-in-pop |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=by Richard Green 7 February 1970 |publisher=New Musical Express ([[NME]])}}</ref> Tracks could be featured in consecutive weeks in different formats. For example, if a song was played over the chart countdown or the closing credits, then it was acceptable for the act to appear in the studio the following week.

These rules were sometimes interpreted flexibly. It was originally based on the Top 20. By the 1970s, the Top 30 was being used and the show was extended from thirty to forty-five minutes duration and songs that were featured outside the charts were chosen according to Dorfman and his fellow producer's Melvyn Cornish's personal taste and judgement.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Top Of The Pops: Are These The Two Most Frighteningly Powerful Men In Pop? Probably one in a thousand teenagers have the vaguest ideas who Stanley Dorfman and Mel Cornish are, but in the pop record business they are two of THE most important men. |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/itop-of-the-popsi-are-these-the-two-most-frighteningly-powerful-men-in-pop |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=by Richard Green 7 February 1970 |publisher=[[NME]] (New Musical Express)}}</ref> The rules were more formally relaxed from 1997 when records descending the charts were featured more regularly, possibly as a response to the changing nature of the Top 40 (in the late 1990s and early 2000s climbers in the charts were a rarity, with almost all singles peaking at their debut position).

When the programme's format changed in November 2003, it concentrated increasingly on the top 10. Later, during the BBC Two era, the top 20 was regarded as the main cut-off point, with the exception made for up and coming bands below the top 20. Singles from below the top 40 (within the top 75) were shown if the band were up and coming or had a strong selling album. If a single being performed was below the top 40, just the words "New Entry" were shown and not the chart position.

The show was originally intended to run for only a few programmes but lasted over 42 years, reaching landmark episodes of 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 in the years 1973,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/06_june/20/totp.shtml|title=BBC says fond farewell to the world's longest running weekly music show, Top of the Pops|publisher=BBC|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120012154/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/6_june/20/totp.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> 1983,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.information-britain.co.uk/famdates.php?id=1454|title=1000th Top of the Pops|publisher=Information Britain|access-date=29 November 2012|archive-date=17 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017174428/http://information-britain.co.uk/famdates.php?id=1454|url-status=live}}</ref> 1992 and 2002<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2255885.stm|title=Top of the Pops 2000th show: Your views|work=BBC News|date=1 October 2002|access-date=29 November 2012|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173552/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2255885.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> respectively.

===First edition===
[[File:Dickenson Road Studios.jpg|thumb|''Top of the Pops'' was first broadcast from [[Dickenson Road Studios]] in Manchester]]
[[File:Dusty Springfield.png|thumb|[[Dusty Springfield]] was the first act to be featured on the show<ref name="bbcpr-0606"/>]]
[[File:Stones1967BenMerk Detail.png|thumb|[[The Rolling Stones]] were the first group to appear on the show<ref name="bbcpr-0606"/> (group pictured in concert in The Hague in 1967)]]

The first edition of ''Top of the Pops'' was broadcast on Wednesday, 1{{nbsp}}January 1964 at 6:35 pm. It was produced in Studio A at [[Dickenson Road Studios]] in [[Rusholme]], Manchester.<ref name="Simpson">{{cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=Jeff |title=Top of the Pops: 1964–2002 |date=2002 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |isbn=978-0-563-53476-1 |page=1955 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oImFAAAAIAAJ |access-date=28 July 2020 |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173551/https://books.google.com/books?id=oImFAAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top of the Pops – BBC Studios (Rusholme) |url=https://www.manchesterbeat.com/index.php/tv-and-radio/top-of-the-pops-bbc-studios-rusholme |website=www.manchesterbeat.com |access-date=28 July 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725220149/https://www.manchesterbeat.com/index.php/tv-and-radio/top-of-the-pops-bbc-studios-rusholme |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first show was presented by [[Jimmy Savile]], with a brief link to [[Alan Freeman]] in London to preview the following week's programme. The producer Johnnie Stewart based the show's format on Savile's ''Teen and Twenty Disc Club'' on [[Radio Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kynaston |first1=David |title=A Northern Wind: Britain 1962-65 |date=28 September 2023 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1526657572 |page=336}}</ref> The first show featured (in order) [[Dusty Springfield]] with "[[I Only Want to Be with You]]", [[the Rolling Stones]] with "[[I Wanna Be Your Man]]", [[the Dave Clark Five]] with "[[Glad All Over]]", [[the Hollies]] with "[[Stay (Maurice Williams song)|Stay]]", [[the Swinging Blue Jeans]] with "[[Hippy Hippy Shake]]" and [[the Beatles]] with "[[I Want to Hold Your Hand]]",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/history/ |title=Top of the Pops – Through The Ages |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> that week's number one. Throughout its history, the programme proper always (with very few exceptions) finished with the best-selling single of the week, although there often was a separate play-out track over the end credits.

===1960s and 1970s===
[[File:BBC Television Centre.JPG|thumb|[[BBC Television Centre]] in London, home of ''Top of the Pops'' 1969–1991 and 2001–2006]]
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:250px; font-size:90%"
|+ ''Top of the Pops'' TV studios
|-
! Date
! Studio
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| 1964–1965
| [[Dickenson Road Studios]]
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| 1966–1969
| [[Lime Grove Studios]]
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| 1969–1991
| [[BBC Television Centre]]
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| 1991–2001
| [[BBC Elstree Centre]]
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| 2001–2006
| [[BBC Television Centre]]
|}
Later in 1964, the broadcast time was moved to one hour later, at 7:35 pm, and the show moved from Wednesdays to what became its regular Thursday slot. Additionally its length was extended by 5{{nbsp}}minutes to 30 minutes.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

For the first three years [[Alan Freeman]], [[David Jacobs (broadcaster)|David Jacobs]], [[Pete Murray (DJ)|Pete Murray]] and [[Jimmy Savile]] rotated presenting duties, with the following week's presenter also appearing at the end of each show, although this practice ceased from October 1964 onwards.

The show was taped 52 weeks a year with no breaks.<ref name=":132">{{Cite web |last=Riefe |first=Jordan |date=11 February 2016 |title=Music Video Pioneer Stanley Dorfman Recalls Bowie, Sinatra and Lennon |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/music-video-pioneer-stanley-dorfman-863520/ |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> The chart came out on Tuesday mornings and the show aired live on Thursday evenings.{{citation needed|date=January 2025|reason=It is also claimed that it was recorded on a Wednesday evening and shown on the next evening (Thursday). See talk page.}} This led to a process of difficult weekly planning, rescheduling, booking, and rebooking, as well as pre-recording of acts, particularly of American artists who might be advancing up the chart the following weeks, to ensure that each weeks top 20 would be able to appear on the show.<ref name=":3" /> At the BBC in the 1960s and early 1970s, producers and directors did both jobs simultaneously. From 1964 to 1969, Stewart and Dorfman took it in turns to produce and direct, but each spent five days a week getting the show together. At the end of 1969, Stewart left, and was replaced in early 1970 by Melvyn Cornish,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |title=Pop's top pair. |page=5 |work=Grimsby Telegraph |publication-date=27 February 1970 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/921473723 |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref> Stewart returned as an [[executive producer]] in 1971 until 1973. Dorfman directed and produced the series from 1964 until 1971, then continued for five years thereafter as an executive producer.

In the first few editions, Denise Sampey was the "disc girl", who would be seen to put the record on a turntable before the next act played their track.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/samantha-juste-disc-maid-on-top-of-the-pops-who-wrote-for-teenage-girls-and-launched-a-range-of-fashion-and-jewellery-9139518.html |title=Samantha Juste: 'Disc maid' on 'Top of the Pops' who wrote for teenage girls and launched a range of fashion and jewellery | Obituaries |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123507/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/samantha-juste-disc-maid-on-top-of-the-pops-who-wrote-for-teenage-girls-and-launched-a-range-of-fashion-and-jewellery-9139518.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, a [[Manchester|Mancunian]] model, [[Samantha Juste]], became the regular disc girl after a few episodes, a role she performed until 1967.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10629079/Samantha-Juste-obituary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10629079/Samantha-Juste-obituary.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Samantha Juste – obituary |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=10 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Initially acts performing on the show would [[lip-synching in music|mime]] (lip-sync) to the commercially released record, but in 1966 after discussions with the [[Musicians' Union (United Kingdom)|Musicians' Union]], miming was banned.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Thompson, Gordon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzKOaaaCV-EC&q=%22top+of+the+pops%22+%22musicians+union%22+1966&pg=PA9|title=Please Please Me: Sixties British Pop, Inside Out|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|page=9|isbn=9780195333183|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173551/https://books.google.com/books?id=kzKOaaaCV-EC&q=%22top+of+the+pops%22+%22musicians+union%22+1966&pg=PA9|url-status=live}}</ref> After a few weeks during which some bands' attempts to play as well as on their records were somewhat lacking, a compromise was reached whereby a specially recorded [[backing track]] was permitted, as long as all the musicians on the track were present in the studio.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cripps|first=Charlotte|title=The Musicians' Union: Alive and well, playing by the book|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/the-musicians-union-alive-and-well-playing-by-the-book-8732216.html|work=The Independent|access-date=5 December 2013|date=26 July 2013|archive-date=20 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220061752/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/the-musicians-union-alive-and-well-playing-by-the-book-8732216.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BedZ8B-7V0UC&q=%22top+of+the+pops%22+backing+track+musicians&pg=PT75|title=The History of Live Music in Britain, Volume I: 1950–1967: From Dance Hall to the 100 Club|author1=Frith, Simon|author2=Brennan, Matt|author3=Cloonan, Martin|author4=Webster, Emma|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9781472400291 |access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173552/https://books.google.com/books?id=BedZ8B-7V0UC&q=%22top+of+the+pops%22+backing+track+musicians&pg=PT75|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, Stewart hired [[Johnny Pearson]] to conduct an in-studio orchestra to provide musical backing on select performances, beginning with the 4 August 1966 edition.<ref name="Johnnie Stewart obituary">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/johnnie-stewart-236547.html|title=Johnnie Stewart|work=The Independent|date=4 May 2005|access-date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124141803/http://independent.co.uk:80/news/obituaries/johnnie-stewart-494921.html|archive-date=24 January 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pearson Guardian obituary">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/apr/06/johnny-pearson-obituary|title=Johnny Pearson obituary|last=Laing|first=Dave|work=The Guardian|date=6 April 2011|access-date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421123711/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/apr/06/johnny-pearson-obituary|archive-date=21 April 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2c1a4924edc24b23bee1f4270d973269|title=Top of the Pops|date=4 August 1966|issue=2229|pages=42|via=BBC Genome|access-date=23 April 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224194800/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2c1a4924edc24b23bee1f4270d973269|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, vocal group [[The Ladybirds]] began providing vocal backing with the orchestra.<ref name="Stredder obituary"/>

With the birth of BBC Radio 1 in 1967, new Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJs were added to the roster – [[Stuart Henry (DJ)|Stuart Henry]], [[Emperor Rosko]], [[Simon Dee]] and [[Kenny Everett]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/history/history3.shtml |title=Top of the Pops 2 – Trivia |publisher=BBC |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/history/history3.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

Local photographer [[Harry Goodwin]] was hired to provide shots of non-appearing artists, and also to provide backdrops for the chart run-down. He continued in the role until 1973.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article7093186.ece|last=Christian|first=Terry|title=Harry Goodwin: snapping the crackling of pop|date=12 April 2010|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=30 May 2010|archive-date=15 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615103316/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article7093186.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Walters |first1=Sarah |title=Flash Harry's pick of the pops |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/music/flash-harrys-pick-pops-3865505 |access-date=25 July 2020 |work=Manchester Evening News |date=17 May 2013 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725170433/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/music/flash-harrys-pick-pops-3865505 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After two years at the Manchester Dickenson Road Studios, the show moved to London (considered to be better located for bands to appear), initially for six months at [[BBC TV Centre]] Studio 2 and then to the larger Studio G at BBC [[Lime Grove Studios]] in mid-1966<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tech-ops.co.uk/next/top-of-the-pops/ |title=Top of the Pops |website=The Tech-ops History Site |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222173130/http://tech-ops.co.uk/next/top-of-the-pops/ |url-status=live}}</ref> to provide space for the Top of the Pops Orchestra, which was introduced at this time to provide live instrumentation on some performances (previously, acts had generally mimed to the records). In November 1969, with the introduction of colour, the show moved to BBC TV Centre, where it stayed until 1991, when it moved to [[BBC Elstree Centre|Elstree Studios]] Studio C.<ref name="Celebrating Elstree">{{cite web|url=http://www.atvtoday.co.uk/p3617-celebrating-elstree/|title=Celebrating Elstree|date=30 April 2011|access-date=11 September 2014|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180203/http://www.atvtoday.co.uk/p3617-celebrating-elstree/|url-status=live}}</ref>

For a while in the early 1970s, non-chart songs were played on a more regular basis. To reflect the perceived growing importance of album sales, there was an album slot featuring three songs from a new LP, as well as a ''New Release'' spot and a feature of a new act, dubbed ''Tip for the Top''. These features were dropped after a while, although the programme continued to feature new releases on a regular basis for the rest of the decade.

During its heyday, it attracted 15 million viewers each week. The peak TV audience of 19 million was recorded in 1979, during the [[History of ITV#1979 dispute|ITV strike]], with only BBC1 and BBC2 on air.<ref name="Top of the Pops: the Story of 1979">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03mpphw|title=Top of the Pops: the Story of 1979|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210194833/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03mpphw|url-status=live}}</ref>

===''Christmas Top of the Pops''===
A year-end Christmas show which used a "The Year in Review" format, was inaugurated on 24 December 1964 and has continued every year since.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ee3828c7a2ce4e4bb7c483c94c33c95e |title=TOP OF THE POPS '64 – BBC One London – 24 December 1964 – BBC Genome |date=24 December 1964 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131073024/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ee3828c7a2ce4e4bb7c483c94c33c95e |url-status=live }}</ref> From 1965 until 2021, the special edition was broadcast on Christmas Day<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/7b4ad849817b4e76907adc09bb309013 |title=Top of the Pops '65 – BBC One London – 25 December 1965 – BBC Genome |date=25 December 1965 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131072620/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/7b4ad849817b4e76907adc09bb309013 |url-status=live }}</ref> (although not in 1966)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/87040cae50394b1883ff5f4be8cba608 |title=TOP OF THE POPS '66 – BBC One London – 26 December 1966 – BBC Genome |date=26 December 1966 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131073720/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/87040cae50394b1883ff5f4be8cba608 |url-status=live }}</ref> and from the same year, a second edition was broadcast in the days after Christmas, varying depending on the schedule, but initially regularly on 26 December. The first was shown on 26 December 1965.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/9df7e9e1a3844e90a96957350ebbe87d |title=TOP OF THE POPS '65 – BBC One London – 26 December 1965 – BBC Genome |date=26 December 1965 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131073623/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/9df7e9e1a3844e90a96957350ebbe87d |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, the Christmas show was moved to BBC Two and broadcast on 24 December, with no usual studio-based live performances included in the broadcast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/|title=TV listings guide|website=Radio Times|date=17 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/top-of-pops-christmas-2022-newsupdate/|title=Top of the Pops will air over Christmas – without live performances|website=Radio Times}}</ref> In 1973, there was just one show, airing on Christmas Day. In place of the traditional second show, Jimmy Savile hosted a look back at the first 10 years of ''TOTP'', broadcast on 27 December.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/921cd284c01a44adb96b862e807389d7 |title=Top of the Pops – BBC One London – 27 December 1973 – BBC Genome |date=27 December 1973 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131074756/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/921cd284c01a44adb96b862e807389d7 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1975, the first of the two shows was broadcast prior to Christmas Day, airing on 23 December, followed by the traditional Christmas Day show two days later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8386945d20c541ed86d0a29942f6bbfb |title=Top of the Pops – BBC One London – 23 December 1975 – BBC Genome |date=23 December 1975 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131074647/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8386945d20c541ed86d0a29942f6bbfb |url-status=live }}</ref>

The 1978 Christmas Day show was disrupted due to industrial action at the BBC, requiring a change in format to the broadcast. The first show, due to be screened on 21 December, was not shown at all because BBC1 was off the air.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c022658e3e9f407e9a12b880442d46ff |title=Top of the Pops – BBC One London – 21 December 1978 – BBC Genome |date=21 December 1978 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=21 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421015025/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c022658e3e9f407e9a12b880442d46ff |url-status=live }}</ref> For Christmas Day, Noel Edmonds (presenting his last ever edition of ''TOTP'') hosted the show from the 'TOTP Production Office' with clips taken from various editions of the show broadcast during the year and new studio footage performed without an audience. The format was slightly tweaked for the Christmas Day edition in 1981, with the Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJs choosing their favourite tracks of the year<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/320f3061e4b24531a976135b71abfc83 |title=Top of the Pops – BBC One London – 25 December 1981 – BBC Genome |date=25 December 1981 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=21 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421155340/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/320f3061e4b24531a976135b71abfc83 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the following edition on 31 December featuring the year's number{{nbsp}}1 hits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c524f3f6ebb5427bad26ac6a0c4a4f1b |title=Top of the Pops – BBC One London – 31 December 1981 – BBC Genome |date=31 December 1981 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=21 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421004552/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c524f3f6ebb5427bad26ac6a0c4a4f1b |url-status=live }}</ref> The second programme was discontinued after 1984.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===1980s===
The year 1980 marked major production changes to ''Top of the Pops'' and a hiatus forced by industrial action. [[Steve Wright (DJ)|Steve Wright]] made his presenting debut on 7 February 1980.<ref name="presenters 1979-80"/> Towards the end of February 1980, facing a £40 million budget deficit, the BBC laid off five orchestras as part of £130 million in cuts.<ref>{{cite news|last=Goslin|first=Kenneth|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS67339869/TTDA|title=BBC announces cuts in education broadcasts, early closing for Radio 3 and expansion plans|work=[[The Times]]|place=London|date=29 February 1980|page=4|access-date=18 April 2020|via=The Times Digital Archive on Gale Primary Sources|url-access=subscription|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173611/https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DTTDA%26u%3D%26id%3DGALE%7CCS67339869%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr&prodId=TTDA|url-status=live}}</ref> The budget cuts led to a [[Musicians' Union (United Kingdom)|Musicians' Union]] strike that suspended operations of all 11 BBC orchestras and performances of live music on the BBC; ''Top of the Pops'' went out of production between 29 May and 7 August 1980.<ref>{{cite news|last=Huckerby|first=Martin|title=All BBC orchestras to strike over cuts|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS17663665/TTDA|work=[[The Times]]|place=London|date=17 May 1980|page=1|access-date=18 April 2020|via=Gale Primary Sources: The Times Digital Archive|url-access=subscription|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173622/https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DTTDA%26u%3D%26id%3DGALE%7CCS17663665%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr&prodId=TTDA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Huckerby|first=Martin|title=Union forces BBC to drop TV shows|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS34047685/TTDA|work=[[The Times]]|place=London|date=5 June 1980|page=2|access-date=18 April 2020|via=The Times Digital Archive on Gale Primary Sources|url-access=subscription|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173613/https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DTTDA%26u%3D%26id%3DGALE%7CCS34047685%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr&prodId=TTDA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="presenters 1979-80"/> During the Musicians' Union strike, BBC1 showed repeats of ''[[Are You Being Served?]]'' in the regular ''Top of the Pops'' Thursday night time slot.<ref>{{cite news |title=Television |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS587826885/TTDA |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=[[The Times]] |date=5 June 1980 |page=35 |place=London |via=Gale Primary Sources: The Times Digital Archive |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173615/https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DTTDA%26u%3D%26id%3DGALE%7CCS587826885%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr&prodId=TTDA |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Television |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS587826885/TTDA |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=[[The Times]] |date=10 July 1980 |location=London |page=27 |via=Gale Primary Sources: The Times Digital Archive |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173615/https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DTTDA%26u%3D%26id%3DGALE%7CCS587826885%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr&prodId=TTDA |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the strike, Nash was replaced as executive producer by [[Michael Hurll]], who introduced more of a "party" atmosphere to the show, with performances often accompanied by balloons and cheerleaders, and more audible audience noise and cheering.<ref name="Hurll obituary">{{cite web |last1=Hayward |first1=Anthony |title=Michael Hurll obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2012/sep/20/michael-hurll |website=The Guardian |access-date=23 April 2020 |date=20 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922112503/https://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2012/sep/20/michael-hurll|archive-date=22 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Evans Hurll">{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Jeff |title=Rock & Pop on British TV |date=2017 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=9781783237777 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YeAgDgAAQBAJ&q=%22michael+hurll%22+&pg=PA1985-IA18 |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173623/https://books.google.com/books?id=YeAgDgAAQBAJ&q=%22michael+hurll%22+&pg=PA1985-IA18 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hurll also laid off the orchestra, as the Musicians' Union was loosening enforcement of the 1966 miming ban.<ref name="Evans Hurll"/>

Guest co-presenters and a music news feature were introduced for a short while, but had ceased by the end of 1980. The chart rundown was split into three sections in the middle of the programme, with the final Top 10 section initially featuring clips of the songs' videos, although this became rarer over the next few years.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

An occasional feature showing the American music scene with [[Jonathan King]] was introduced in November 1981, and ran every few weeks until February 1985. In January 1985, a ''Breakers'' section, featuring short video clips of new tracks in the lower end of the Top 40, was introduced, and this continued for most weeks until March 1994.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Although the programme had been broadcast live in its early editions, it had been recorded on the day before transmission for many years. However, from May 1981, the show was sometimes broadcast live for a few editions each year, and this practice continued on an occasional basis (often in the week of a bank holiday, when the release of the new chart was delayed, and for some special editions) for the rest of the decade.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The programme moved in September 1985 to a new regular half-hour timeslot of 7 pm on Thursdays, following wider reforms to BBC TV scheduling by then-controller [[Michael Grade]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=4 December 1985 |title=What's gone wrong with TOP OF THE POPS? |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/57779449@N02/49693780346 |work=[[Smash Hits]] |publisher=[[EMAP]] |pages=12–13 |issue=183}}</ref> With the exception of special editions, this saw the end of its longer episodes, which had ranged between 35 and 45 minutes in previous years. Coupled with an emphasis on video clips via features such as the aforementioned ''Breakers'' section, fewer studio acts could appear due to this,<ref name=":10" /> leading to renewed general criticism from both viewers and performers, and occasionally putting the show at a slight disadvantage to other music television programmes (alongside later dedicated channels for music videos) such as ''[[The Tube (1982 TV series)|The Tube]]'' and the revived ''[[Whistle Test]]'' (though both would end in 1987).<ref name=":10" />

The end of 1988 was marked by a special 70-minute edition of the show broadcast on 31 December 1988, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the first show. The pre-recorded programme featured the return of the original four presenters (Savile, Freeman, Murray and Jacobs) as well as numerous presenters from the show's history, anchored by [[Paul Gambaccini]] and [[Mike Read]]. Numerous clips from the history of the show were included in between acts performing in the studio, which included [[Cliff Richard]], [[Engelbert Humperdinck (singer)|Engelbert Humperdinck]], [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]], [[the Four Tops]], [[David Essex]], [[Mud (band)|Mud]], [[Status Quo (band)|Status Quo]], [[Shakin' Stevens]], [[the Tremeloes]] and from the very first edition, [[the Swinging Blue Jeans]]. [[Sandie Shaw]], [[the Pet Shop Boys]] and [[Wet Wet Wet]] were billed in the ''Radio Times'' to appear, but none featured in the show other than Shaw in compilation clips.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/3eff4cfc1ae3406cafba406552792a77 |title=25 Years of Top of the Pops – BBC One London – 31 December 1988 – BBC Genome |date=31 December 1988 |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095802/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/3eff4cfc1ae3406cafba406552792a77 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Paul Ciani took over as producer in 1988. The following year, in an attempt to fit more songs in the allocated half-hour again, he restricted the duration of studio performances to three minutes, and videos to two minutes, a practice which was largely continued until May 1997. In July 1990, he introduced a rundown of the Top{{nbsp}}5 albums, which continued on a monthly basis until May 1991. Ciani had to step down due to illness in 1991, when Hurll returned as producer to cover for two months (and again for a brief time as holiday cover in 1992).{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===1991: 'Year Zero' revamp===
From 1967, the show had become closely associated with the BBC radio station Radio 1, usually being presented by DJs from the station, and between 1988 and 1991 the programme was simulcast on the radio station in FM stereo (that is, until BBC's launch of [[NICAM]] stereo for TV made such simulcasts redundant). However, during the last few years of the 1980s the association became less close, and was severed completely (although not permanently) in a radical shake-up known as the 'Year Zero' revamp.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Following a fall in viewing figures and a general perception that the show had become 'uncool' (acts like [[the Clash]] had refused to appear in the show in previous years), incoming executive producer [[Stanley Appel]] (who had worked on the programme since 1966 as cameraman, production assistant, director and stand-in producer<ref>{{cite news |author=Interviews by Dave Simpson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/feb/04/how-we-made-top-of-the-pops?CMP=twt_fd |title=How we made Top of the Pops | Television & radio |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222156/http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/feb/04/how-we-made-top-of-the-pops?CMP=twt_fd |url-status=live }}</ref>) introduced a radical new format on 3 October 1991, in which the Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJs were replaced by a team of relative unknowns, such as Claudia Simon and [[Tony Dortie]] who had previously worked for [[Children's BBC]], 17-year-old local radio DJ Mark Franklin, Steve Anderson, Adrian Rose and Elayne Smith, who was replaced by [[Femi Oke]] in 1992. A brand new theme tune ("Now Get Out of That"), title sequence and logo were introduced, and the entire programme moved from [[BBC Television Centre]] in London to [[BBC Elstree Centre]] in [[Borehamwood]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The new presenting team would take turns hosting (initially usually in pairs but sometimes solo), and would often introduce acts in an out-of-vision voiceover over the song's instrumental introduction. Short informal interviews were also conducted on stage with the performers, and initially the Top 10 countdown was run without any voiceover. Rules relating to performance were altered, meaning acts had to forcibly sing live as opposed to the backing tracks for instruments and mimed vocals for which the show was known. To incorporate a shift towards USA artists, more use was made of out-of-studio performances, with acts in America able to transmit their song to the ''Top of the Pops'' audience "via satellite". These changes were widely unpopular and much of the presenting team were axed within a year, leaving the show hosted solely by Dortie and Franklin (apart from the Christmas Day editions, when both presenters appeared) from October 1992, on a week-by-week rotation.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===1994–1997===
By 1994, much of the 'Year Zero' revamp was quickly undone and the arrival of [[Ric Blaxill]] as producer in February 1994 signalled a return to presentation from established Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJs [[Simon Mayo]], [[Mark Goodier]], [[Nicky Campbell]] and [[Bruno Brookes]]. Blaxill expanded the use of "via satellite" performances, taking the acts out of studios and concert halls and setting them against landmark backdrops. As a consequence, [[Bon Jovi]] performed ''Always'' from [[Niagara Falls]] and [[Celine Dion]] beamed in ''[[Think Twice (Celine Dion song)|Think Twice]]'' from Miami Beach.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Blaxill also increasingly experimented with handing presenting duties to celebrities, commonly contemporary comedians and pop stars who were not in the charts at that time. In an attempt to keep the links between acts as fresh as the performances themselves, the so-called "golden mic" was used by, amongst others, [[Kylie Minogue]], [[Meat Loaf]], [[Chris Eubank]], [[Damon Albarn]], [[Harry Hill]], [[Jack Dee]], [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]], [[Björk]], [[Jarvis Cocker]], [[Stewart Lee]] and [[Richard Herring]]. Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJs still presented occasionally, including [[Lisa I'Anson]], [[Steve Lamacq]], [[Jo Whiley]] and on one show only [[Chris Evans (presenter)|Chris Evans]]. The last remnants of the Year Zero revamp were replaced on 2 February 1995, when a new set, title sequence, logo and theme tune were introduced (the logo having first appeared on the new programme ''[[Top of the Pops 2]]'', which had debuted five months previously in mid-September 1994).{{cn|date=April 2024}}

''TOTP'' was traditionally shown on a Thursday night, but was moved to a Friday starting on 14 June 1996,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jun/20/broadcasting|title=Top of the Pops' timeline|work=The Guardian|date=20 June 2012|access-date=29 November 2012|archive-date=20 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020120935/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jun/20/broadcasting|url-status=live}}</ref> originally at 7 pm, but then shifted to 7.30 pm, a change which placed the programme up against the soap opera ''[[Coronation Street]]'' on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]. This began a major decline in audience figures as fans were forced to choose between ''Top of the Pops'' and an episode of the soap.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Youngs|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3234576.stm|title=Top of the Pops' all new gamble|work=BBC News|date=28 November 2003|access-date=29 November 2012|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173623/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3234576.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> 26 July 1996 saw the first episode of ''TOTP'' to air on BBC2, due to the [[1996 Summer Olympics|Olympics]] airing on BBC1.

===1997–2003===
In 1997, incoming producer [[Chris Cowey]] phased out the use of celebrities and established a rotating team of former presenters from youth music magazine ''[[The O-Zone]]'' including [[Jayne Middlemiss]] and [[Jamie Theakston]], as well as existing Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJs [[Jo Whiley]] and [[Zoe Ball]]. The team was later augmented by [[Kate Thornton]] and [[Gail Porter]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Cowey additionally instigated a wider set of 'back to basics' changes when he took over the show. On 1 May 1998, a remixed version of the classic "Whole Lotta Love" theme tune previously used in the 1970s was introduced, accompanied by a new 1960s-inspired logo and title sequence. Cowey also began to export the brand overseas with localised versions of the show on air in Germany, France, the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]] and Italy by 2003.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arabic Top of the Pops is a hit|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2771073.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=25 December 2013|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2771073.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Finally, the programme returned to its previous home of BBC Television Centre in 2001, where it remained until its cancellation in 2006.

===2003: ''All New Top of the Pops''===
On 28 November 2003 (three months after the appointment of [[Andi Peters]] as executive producer), the show saw one of its most radical overhauls since the ill-fated 1991 'Year Zero' revamp in what was widely reported as a make-or-break attempt to revitalise the long-running series. In a break with the previous format, the show played more up-and-coming tracks ahead of any chart success, and also featured interviews with artists and a music news feature called "24/7". Most editions of the show were now broadcast live, for the first time since 1991 (apart from a couple of editions in 1994).{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Although the first edition premièred to improved ratings, the ''All New'' format, hosted by [[MTV (UK and Ireland)|MTV]] presenter [[Tim Kash]], quickly returned to low ratings and brought about scathing reviews.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040323174425/http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/music/news/story.jsp?story=468615|archivedate=23 March 2004|url=http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/music/news/story.jsp?story=468615|title='Top of the Pops' has lost the plot (and it's all my fault says Pop Idol)|work=The Independent|date=30 November 2003|last1=Johnson|first1=Andrew|last2=Bloomfield|first2=Steve|accessdate=26 February 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3253136.stm Your reviews: ''Top of the Pops''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3253136.stm |date=26 March 2022 }}, BBC News, 1{{nbsp}}December 2003</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Dann|first=Trevor|title=Let's kill Top of the Pops|work=The Independent|date=2 December 2003|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/let-s-kill-top-of-the-pops-80909.html|accessdate=26 February 2023|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110030416/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/let-s-kill-top-of-the-pops-80909.html|archivedate=10 January 2021}}</ref> Kash continued to host the show, but Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJs [[Reggie Yates]] and [[Fearne Cotton]] (who had each presented a few shows in 2003, before the revamp) were brought back to co-host alongside him, before Kash was completely dropped by the BBC, later taking up a new contract at MTV. The show continued to be hosted by [[Reggie Yates]] and [[Fearne Cotton]] (usually together, but occasionally solo) on Friday evenings until 8{{nbsp}}July 2005.

On 30 July 2004, the show took place outside a studio environment for the first time by broadcasting outside in [[Gateshead]]. [[Girls Aloud]], [[Busted (band)|Busted]], [[Will Young]] and [[Jamelia]] were among the performers that night.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/music/newsid_3931000/3931663.stm |title=CBBC Newsround | First live outside show for TOTP |work=BBC News |date=27 July 2004 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040852/http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/music/newsid_3931000/3931663.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2005===
Figures had plummeted to below three million, prompting an announcement by the [[BBC]] that the show was going to move, again, to Sunday evenings on [[BBC Two]], thus losing the prime-time slot on [[BBC One]] that it had maintained for more than forty years.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/4051231.stm ''Top of the Pops'' leaves BBC One] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050913054204/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/4051231.stm |date=13 September 2005 }}, BBC News, 29 November 2004. Retrieved 14 May 2006</ref> The show had aired on BBC Two occasionally from 1996, usually if it was ''[[Comic Relief]]'' or ''[[Children in Need]]'' on BBC One.

This move was widely reported as a final "sidelining" of the show, and perhaps signalled its likely cancellation. At the time, it was insisted that this was so the show would air immediately after the official announcement of the new top 40 chart on [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]], as it was thought that by the following Friday, the chart seemed out of date. The final ''Top of the Pops'' to be shown on BBC One (barring Christmas and New Year specials) was broadcast on Monday 11 July 2005, which was edition number 2,166.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The first regular edition on BBC Two was broadcast on 17 July 2005 at 7.00 pm with presenter [[Fearne Cotton]]. Following the move to Sundays, Cotton continued to host with a different guest presenter each week, such as [[Rufus Hound]] or [[Richard Bacon (TV presenter)|Richard Bacon]]. On a number of occasions, however, [[Reggie Yates]] would step in, joined by female guest presenters such as [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]], [[Cyndi Lauper]] and [[Anastacia]]. Viewing figures during this period averaged around 1{{frac|1|2}} million. Shortly after the move to BBC Two, Peters resigned as executive producer.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4216684.stm Andi Peters quits Top of the Pops] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4216684.stm |date=26 March 2022 }}, BBC News, 5{{nbsp}}September 2005</ref> He was replaced by the BBC's Creative Head of Music Entertainment Mark Cooper, while producer Sally Wood remained to oversee the show on a weekly basis.

===2006===
[[File:Snow Patrol at Roseland Ballroom in 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Snow Patrol]], the last live act to appear on ''TOTP'' (pictured in concert in America in 2006)]]
On 20 June 2006, the show was formally cancelled and it was announced that the last edition would be broadcast on 30 July 2006. [[Edith Bowman]] co-presented its hour-long swansong, along with [[Jimmy Savile]] (who was the main presenter on the first show), [[Reggie Yates]], [[Mike Read]], [[Pat Sharp]], [[Sarah Cawood]], [[Dave Lee Travis]], [[Rufus Hound]], [[Tony Blackburn]] and [[Janice Long]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The final day of recording was 26 July 2006<ref>[http://catalogue.bbc.co.uk/catalogue/infax/programme/LMEI468T ''TOTP: The Final Countdown'' (Rec:2006-07-26 Tx:2006-07-30)]{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''BBC Programme Catalogue''</ref> and featured archive footage and tributes, including [[the Rolling Stones]] – the very first band to appear on ''Top of the Pops'' – opening with "The Last Time" (Savile explained in the programme that their first apperance on the show performing "[[I Wanna Be Your Man]]" had been wiped by the BBC), the [[Spice Girls]], [[David Bowie]], [[Wham!]], [[Madonna]], [[Beyoncé]], [[Gnarls Barkley]], [[the Jackson 5]], [[Sonny & Cher]] and [[Robbie Williams]]. The show closed with a final countdown, topped by [[Shakira]], as her track "[[Hips Don't Lie]]" (featuring [[Wyclef Jean]]) had climbed back up to number one on the UK Singles Chart earlier in the day. The show ended with Savile ultimately turning the lights off in the empty studio.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

[[Fearne Cotton]], who was the current presenter, was unavailable to co-host for the final edition due to her filming of [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s ''[[Love Island (2005 TV series)|Love Island]]'' in [[Fiji]] but opened the show with a quick introduction recorded on location, saying "It's still number one, it's ''Top of the Pops''". [[BARB]] reported the final show's viewing figures as 3.98 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=total|title=Weekly Viewing Figures : WEEK ENDING: 30 July 2006 |access-date=30 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820001909/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=total |archive-date=20 August 2006 }}</ref>

As the last episode featured no live acts in the studio, the last act to actually play live on a weekly episode of ''TOTP'' was [[Snow Patrol]], who performed "[[Chasing Cars]]" in the penultimate edition (the final song in that episode was actually [[McFly]]'s cover of "[[Don't Stop Me Now#McFly version|Don't Stop Me Now]]" (the number one single that week), but this was a repeat from the previous week);<ref name="snowpatrol"/> the last act ever featured visually on a weekly ''Top of the Pops'' was [[Girls Aloud]], as part of the closing sequence of bands performing on the show throughout the years. They were shown performing "[[Love Machine (Girls Aloud song)|Love Machine]]".{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===2006–2023===
The magazine and ''[[TOTP2]]'' both survived despite the show's axing, and the Christmas editions continue as of 2024. However, the ''TOTP'' website is now no longer updated.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

====Proposed return====
In October 2008, British [[Culture Secretary]] [[Andy Burnham]] and [[Manchester]] indie band [[the Ting Tings]] called for the show to return.<ref>[https://www.nme.com/news/the-ting-tings/40496 The Tings Tings: "Bring back ''Top of the Pops''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064251/http://www.nme.com/news/the-ting-tings/40496 |date=4 March 2016 }}, ''[[NME]]'', 17 October 2008</ref>

On 29 October 2008, [[Simon Cowell]] stated in an interview that he would be willing to buy the rights to ''Top of the Pops'' from the BBC. The corporation responded that they had not been formally approached by Cowell,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7699262.stm Cowell wants to take ''TOTP'' to ITV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102065215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7699262.stm |date=2 November 2008 }}, BBC News, 30 October 2008</ref> and that in any case the format was "not up for sale".<ref name="xmas08"/> In November 2008, it was reported by ''[[The Times]]'' and other newspapers that the weekly programme was to be revived in 2009, but the BBC said there were no such plans.<ref>[http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1036181&c=1 BBC rules out TOTP return] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220102354/http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1036181&c=1 |date=20 February 2012 }}, ''[[Music Week]]'', 17 November 2008</ref>

In July 2009, [[Pet Shop Boys]] singer [[Neil Tennant]] criticised the BBC for ending the programme, stating that new acts were missing out on "that great moment of being crowned that week's Kings of Pop".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8157548.stm "Tennant slams BBC for ending TOTP"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8157548.stm |date=26 March 2022 }}, [[BBC News]], 18 July 2009</ref>

In early 2015 there was increased speculation of a return of the show including rumours that [[Dermot O'Leary]] might present alongside Fearne Cotton. According to a report in the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', a BBC insider stated that "some at the highest level are massive supporters of the plan [of a return] and have given the go-ahead."<ref name="mirror.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/top-pops-set-comeback-dermot-5546470|title=Top of the Pops set for comeback with Dermot O'Leary and Fearne Cotton as hosts|first=Nigel|last=Pauley|date=18 April 2015|work=mirror|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140646/https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/top-pops-set-comeback-dermot-5546470|url-status=live}}</ref> The move of the UK charts to a Friday due to take place in summer 2015<ref>{{cite web |last=Charts |first=Official |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-official-chart-to-move-to-fridays-from-summer-2015__8748/ |title=The Official Chart to move to Fridays from summer 2015 |website=Officialcharts.com |date=23 March 2015 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132529/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-official-chart-to-move-to-fridays-from-summer-2015__8748/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was also said to favour the possibility of a return, making it "the perfect tie-in"<ref name="mirror.co.uk"/> and a "perfect start to the weekend",<ref name="mirror.co.uk"/> but no weekly return has occurred.

====BBC Four reruns====
In April 2011, the BBC began to reshow ''Top of the Pops'' on Thursday nights on [[BBC Four]] beginning with the equivalent show from 35 years earlier in a 7:30 pm–8:00 pm slot approximating to the time the programme was traditionally shown.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/mar/30/top-of-the-pops-bbc4 |title=BBC4 rewinds Top of the Pops to 1976 |first=Jason |last=Deans |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=30 March 2011 |access-date=18 September 2014 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213031935/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/mar/30/top-of-the-pops-bbc4 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first programme shown, 1{{nbsp}}April 1976, was chosen because it was from approximately this episode onwards that most editions remain in the BBC archive. The repeat programmes come in two versions; the first is edited down to fit in the 30-minute 7:30 slot, the second is shown normally twice overnight in the following weekend, and is usually complete. However both the short and longer editions can be edited for a number of reasons.

Potentially offensive content to modern audiences is cut (for example [[The Barron Knights]]' in-studio performance of "Food For Thought" on the edition of 13 December 1979 including a segment parodying Chinese takeaways using mannerisms that may now be viewed as offensive), and cinematic film footage can be truncated, replaced or removed entirely due to the costs to the BBC of reshowing such footage. The BBC also makes the repeats available on [[BBC iPlayer]]. The repeats are continuing as of 2025 with episodes from 1998, and from 28 October 2022, older episodes from 1976 to 1992 are broadcast at 8pm.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002dfcb|title=Top of the Pops: 09/01/1998|website=BBC iPlayer|url-status=live}}</ref>

However since October 2012, episodes featuring Jimmy Savile have ceased to be broadcast due to the [[Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal|sexual abuse scandal]] and subsequent [[Operation Yewtree]] police investigation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a435261/bbc-axes-jimmy-savile-top-of-the-pops-reruns.html |title=BBC axes Jimmy Savile 'Top of the Pops' reruns – TV News |work=Digital Spy |date=2 November 2012 |access-date=27 January 2013 |archive-date=6 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106114523/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a435261/bbc-axes-jimmy-savile-top-of-the-pops-reruns.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the arrest of [[Dave Lee Travis]] by Operation Yewtree officers, and his subsequent conviction for indecent assault, episodes featuring Travis were also omitted.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/dave-lee-travis-top-of-the-pops-1438197|title=Dave Lee Travis: Top of the Pops episode pulled after ex-Radio{{nbsp}}1 DJ's arrest by Jimmy Savile cops|work=Daily Mirror|first=Ben|last=Rankin|date=15 November 2012|access-date=21 December 2012|archive-date=17 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217034345/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/dave-lee-travis-top-of-the-pops-1438197|url-status=live}}</ref> Following [[Gary Glitter]]'s conviction for sexual assault, episodes featuring him are also not included in the run, or otherwise have Glitter's performances edited out. Episodes featuring [[R. Kelly]] are also skipped, or have his performances edited out, following his [[R. Kelly sexual abuse cases|convictions for sexual abuse]]. [[John Alford (actor)|John Alford]]'s appearance on the show, originally broadcast on 23 May 1996, has not been repeated since he was charged with sexual offences.
Episodes featuring [[Sean Combs|Diddy]] (then known as Puff Daddy) are also skipped from the run, or have his performances edited out, following [[Sean Combs sexual misconduct allegations|allegations of his sexual misconduct]].

[[Mike Smith (broadcaster)|Mike Smith]] decided not to sign the licence extension that would allow the BBC to repeat the ''Top of the Pops'' episodes that he presented,<ref>{{cite web |author=Top Of The Pops Facts |date=December 16, 2016 |title=We've skipped the 4 November 1982 #TOTP, presented by Mike Smith. Here's an explanation of why |website=Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/totpfacts/status/809842630150541312 }}</ref> with the BBC continuing to respect his wishes following his death. Adrian Rose also chose not to allow his episodes to be repeated. As a result, episodes featuring Smith and Rose are also omitted.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

===="Story of" Specials====
Prior to the 1976 BBC reruns shown in 2011, the BBC produced a special programme, "The Story of 1976".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zwrn7|title=Top of the Pops: the Story of 1976|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-date=5 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405115148/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zwrn7|url-status=live}}</ref> This comprised excerpts from the 1976 programmes, interspersed with new interviews with people discussing the time period.

They produced similar programmes for subsequent calendar years, each airing before or during the run of repeats from the particular year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01932g9|title=Top of the Pops: the Story of 1977|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01932g9|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01pkjy6|title=Top of the Pops: the Story of 1978|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-date=20 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920232309/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01pkjy6|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Top of the Pops: the Story of 1979"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Story of 1980|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04w0fyz|publisher=BBC|access-date=12 December 2014|archive-date=5 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105001936/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04w0fyz|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = BBC – BBC Four commissions Music Moguls series and Top of the Pops special documentary – Media Centre|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2015/bbc-four-new-music-tv-commissions|publisher = BBC|access-date = 13 December 2015|archive-date = 12 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151212210358/http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2015/bbc-four-new-music-tv-commissions|url-status = live}}</ref> These specials went on hiatus following "The Story of 1990" in October 2020, but returned in early 2022 as a weekly series, scheduled up from "The Story of 1991" to "The Story of 1999" in May 2022.

===="Big Hits" compilation====
A series of "Big Hits" compilations have been broadcast with on-screen captions about artists.In December 2016, a festive special using the format of the "Big Hits" programmes, ''Top of the Pops: Christmas Hits'' was broadcast on BBC Four, featuring a mix of Christmas music and non-festive songs which had been hits at Christmas time. This effectively replaced the annual Christmas edition of ''[[Top of the Pops 2]]'', which did not run that year.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

====Christmas and New Year specials====
Although the weekly ''Top of the Pops'' has been cancelled, the Christmas Specials have continued, initially hosted by Fearne Cotton and [[Reggie Yates]]. The Christmas specials were broadcast on Christmas Day afternoon on BBC One. From 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gh64m|title=BBC One – Top of the Pops – New Year's Eve Special|publisher=BBC|access-date=28 November 2012|archive-date=11 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111034432/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gh64m|url-status=live}}</ref> to 2021 (apart from 2010 and 2011), a New Year special has also been broadcast. A new logo and title sequence were introduced on the 2019 Christmas special. The BBC's Head of Music Television, Mark Cooper, continued to oversee the programme as executive producer until 2019 when he was replaced by Alison Howe. Meanwhile, Stephanie McWhinnie, who had replaced Wood as producer with effect from Christmas 2011, was replaced by Caroline Cullen (who had previously worked as assistant producer on the show) from Christmas 2020, when both festive shows were recorded with new studio performances but no live audience physically in attendance. On 4{{nbsp}}December 2017, Yates stepped down from hosting ''Top of the Pops'' due to comments he made regarding Jewish people and rappers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42231416|title=Reggie Yates leaves Top of the Pops after 'offensive' Jewish slur|date=21 November 2017|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=5 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205233048/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42231416|url-status=live}}</ref> The BBC later announced [[Clara Amfo]] as Yates' replacement, she continues to hold the role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42243189|title=Clara Amfo replaces Reggie Yates on TOTP|date=6 December 2017|publisher=BBC|access-date=1 July 2018|archive-date=1 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401110026/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42243189|url-status=live}}</ref> Amfo was joined by [[Jordan North]] for the 2021 specials, with him replacing Cotton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anne-Marie, Sam Fender, Mabel, KSI and more announced for Top Of The Pops festive specials hosted by Clara Amfo and Jordan North|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2021/totp-festive-specials/|access-date=1 December 2021|website=BBC|language=en}}</ref>

Following a change in format for 2022, the usual studio-based festive editions with new live performances did not return and was replaced by an end-of-year programme, ''Top of the Pops Review of the Year 2022'', was aired on Christmas Eve on BBC Two with Amfo returning as host alongside fellow Radio 1 DJ [[Jack Saunders (presenter)|Jack Saunders]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/top-of-pops-christmas-2022-newsupdate/|title=Top of the Pops will air over Christmas – without live performances|website=Radio Times|date=5 December 2022|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> This format returned in 2023 and 2024, with Amfo hosting the reviews of the respective year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Review of the Year 2023|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001twtw|access-date=12 February 2024|website=BBC|language=en}}</ref>

====Comic Relief specials====
The show was given a one-off revival (of sorts) for [[Comic Relief]] 2007 in the form of ''[[Top Gear of the Pops]]'', presented by [[Jeremy Clarkson]], [[Richard Hammond]] and [[James May]]. It was filmed at the ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]'' aerodrome studio in [[Surrey]] on Sunday, 11 March 2007, although it bore little resemblance to the usual ''Top of the Pops'' format.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

On 13 March 2009, ''Top of The Pops'' was once again revived, this time in its usual format, for a special live Comic Relief edition, airing on BBC Two while the main telethon took a break for the ''[[BBC News at Ten]]'' on BBC One. As with the Christmas specials the show was presented by Radio 1 duo Fearne Cotton and [[Reggie Yates]] with special guest presenter [[Noel Fielding]] and appearances from [[Dawn French]], [[Jennifer Saunders]], [[Claudia Winkleman]], [[Jonathan Ross]], [[Davina McCall]] (dancing in the audience and later as a Flo Rida dancer with Claudia Winkleman and French and Saunders) and [[David Tennant]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Live performances – interspersed with Comic Relief appeal films – included acts such as [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]], [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], [[Take That]], [[U2]], [[James Morrison (singer)|James Morrison]] and [[Flo Rida]] (that week's Number 1). Kicking off the show was a performance from [[Rob Brydon]] and [[Ruth Jones]] in their [[Gavin & Stacey]] guises, feat. [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]] and [[Robin Gibb]] with "(Barry) [[Islands in the Stream (song)|Islands in the Stream]]", the Comic Relief single.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Performers, performances and presenters==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2011}}
{{main|List of performers on Top of the Pops|List of performances on Top of the Pops|List of Top of the Pops presenters}}
{{multiple image
| total_width = 300
| caption_align = center
| header = Most frequent performers on ''Top of the Pops''
| image1 = Cliff Richard Allan Warren.jpg
| alt1 = 1975 portrait photo of Cliff Richard
| link1 = Cliff Richard
| caption1 = Solo artist: [[Cliff Richard]]
| image2 = Status Quo1978.jpg
| alt2 = Status Quo on stage in 1978
| link2 = Status Quo (band)
| caption2 = Group: [[Status Quo (band)|Status Quo]]
}}
In its extensive history, ''Top of the Pops'' has featured many artists, many of whom have appeared more than once on the show to promote many of their records.

[[Green Day]] hold the record for the longest ''Top of the Pops'' performance: "[[Jesus of Suburbia]]" broadcast on 6{{nbsp}}November 2005, lasted 9{{nbsp}}minutes and 10 seconds.{{cn|date=February 2025}} There is uncertainty about what was the shortest performance. In 2005, presenter Reggie Yates announced on the show that it was [[Super Furry Animals]] with "[[Do or Die (Super Furry Animals song)|Do or Die]]", broadcast on 28 January 2000, clocking in at 95 seconds. However, "It's My Turn" by [[Angelic (band)|Angelic]] was 91 seconds on 16 June 2000 and "[[Here Comes the Summer]]" by [[the Undertones]] was just 84 seconds on 26 July 1979.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

[[Cliff Richard]] appeared the most times on the show, with almost 160 performances. [[Status Quo (band)|Status Quo]] were the most frequent group with 106 performances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03j113z|title=BBC Two – TOTP2, Status Quo|publisher=BBC|access-date=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308135252/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03j113z|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Miming===
{{Main|Lip-syncing|Miming in instrumental performance}}
{{Multiple image
| total_width = 300
| image1 = Nirvana around 1992.jpg
| alt1 = Nirvana at the 1992 VMAS
| image2 = Morrissey crop tie.jpg
| alt2 = Morrissey in 2005
| footer = In 1991, American rock band [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] (left, pictured the year after) infamously performed their 1991 hit single "[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]", lead singer [[Kurt Cobain]] sang in a low voice, changing some of the lyrics; Cobain later stated that he wanted to sound like [[Morrissey]] (right, pictured in 2005)
}}
Throughout the show's history, many artists [[miming in instrumental performance|mimed]] to backing tracks. Early on, Musicians' Union rules required that groups re-record backing tracks with union members performing when possible.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2qJ2HfGv24C&q=%22Musicians+union%22|title=The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Album of the Century|last=Goldman|first=Vivien|page=257|place=New York|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=2006|isbn=978-1-4000-5286-8|via=Google Books|access-date=2 June 2020|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173625/https://books.google.com/books?id=d2qJ2HfGv24C&q=%22Musicians+union%22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="how we made">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/feb/04/how-we-made-top-of-the-pops|title= How we made Top of the Pops |last=Simpson|first=Dave|work=The Guardian|date=4 February 2014|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402202920/http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/feb/04/how-we-made-top-of-the-pops|archive-date=2 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> However, as ''[[The Guardian]]'' recounted in 2001: "In practice, artists pretended to re-record the song, then used their original tapes."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sweeting|first=Adam|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/feb/06/artsfeatures2|title=Playing with fire|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2001|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030107101112/http://www.guardian.co.uk:80/arts/story/0,3604,434154,00.html|archive-date=7 January 2003|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The miming policy also led to the occasional technical hitch. In an August 1967 edition, as [[Jimi Hendrix]] prepared to perform "[[Burning of the Midnight Lamp]]", the song "[[The House That Jack Built (Alan Price song)|The House That Jack Built]]" by the [[Alan Price Set]] was played in studio instead, reportedly prompting Hendrix to respond: "I don't know the words to that one, man".<ref name="hughes">{{cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=David |title=What went wrong? |journal=Disc and Music Echo |date=2 September 1967 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Disc/1967/DISC-&-Music-Echo-1967-09-02.pdf |access-date=19 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="chapman">{{cite book |last1=Chapman |first1=Rob |title=Selling the Sixties: The Pirates and Pop Music Radio |date=1992 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781134896240 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIoPpKEzwIEC}}</ref> In August 1988, [[All About Eve (band)|All About Eve]] appeared to perform "[[All About Eve (album)|Martha's Harbour]]" on a live edition. Although the song was being played on the television broadcast, it was not being played in studio, so lead singer [[Julianne Regan]] remained silent on a stool on stage while [[Tim Bricheno]] (the only other band member present) did not play his guitar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/feb/04/six-most-memorable-moments-mime|title=Six of the most memorable moments in miming|work=The Guardian|last=Paphides|first=Peter|date=4 February 2014|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803074734/https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/feb/04/six-most-memorable-moments-mime|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{citation needed span|date=October 2024|Occasionally bands played live, examples in the 1970s and 1980s being [[The Four Seasons (band)|the Four Seasons]], [[the Who]], [[Blondie (band)|Blondie]], [[John Otway]], [[Sham 69]], [[Eddie and the Hot Rods]], [[Jimmy James and the Vagabonds]], [[The Sweet]], [[The Jackson 5]], [[Heavy Metal Kids]], [[Elton John]], [[Typically Tropical]], [[New Order (band)|New Order]], [[Whitney Houston]] and [[David Bowie]]. In 1980, [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Iron Maiden]] played live on the show when they refused to mime to their single "Running Free". Solo artists and vocal groups were supposed to sing live to the Top of the Pops Orchestra. [[Billy Ocean]], [[Brotherhood of Man]], [[Anita Ward]], [[Thelma Houston]], [[Deniece Williams]], [[Hylda Baker]], [[Boney M]] and [[the Nolans]] all performed in this way.}}

The producers of the show allowed artists the option of singing live over a backing track in 1991.<ref name="Memorable">{{cite news |title=In sync: how the mime-ban stripped Top of the Pops of its charm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/aug/05/jump-the-shark-top-of-the-pops |access-date=21 September 2019 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108021454/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/aug/05/jump-the-shark-top-of-the-pops |url-status=live }}</ref> Miming has resulted in a number of notable moments.<ref name="Memorable"/> In 1977, [[The Stranglers]] mimed to "[[No More Heroes (The Stranglers song)|No More Heroes]]" – after the start of the song, bass player [[Jean Jacques Burnel]] waves a newspaper to try and clear the smoke created from the smoke machines prior to the performance and, later, during his guitar solo [[Hugh Cornwell]] removes his hand from the guitar neck for a few seconds.<ref>{{cite web |title=No More Heroes (Top Of The Pops) - The Stranglers (Official Video) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tfy8f9lDD0 |website=YouTube | date=24 March 2009 |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2025}} In 1991, [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] refused to mime to the pre-recorded backing track of "[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]" with Kurt Cobain singing in a deliberately low voice and altering lyrics in the song, and bassist [[Krist Novoselic]] swinging his bass over his head and drummer [[Dave Grohl]] playing randomly on his kit.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/dPtJtbRXi3I Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200405074005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPtJtbRXi3I Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Citation|title=Nirvana – Smells Like Teen Spirit (Top Of The Pops 1991)| date=22 May 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPtJtbRXi3I|language=en|access-date=5 May 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 July 2006 |title="Top of the Pops" shows |work=Guardian |location=UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/jul/16/32 |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930035454/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/jul/16/32 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1995, the Gallagher brothers of [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] switched places while performing "[[Roll with It (Oasis song)|Roll with It]]".<ref name="Memorable"/> During their performance of "[[Don't Leave Me This Way]]" [[the Communards]] singers [[Jimmy Somerville]] and [[Sarah Jane Morris (singer)|Sarah Jane Morris]] swapped lyrics for part of the song towards the end.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Another example of whimsy was [[John Peel]]'s appearance as the [[mandolin]] soloist for [[Rod Stewart]] on "[[Maggie May]]".{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The new practice also exposed a number of poor live singers.<ref name="loud call">{{cite news|last=Lister|first=David|title=Loud call for miming to return to 'Top of the Pops'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/loud-call-for-miming-to-return-to-top-of-the-pops-1510818.html|access-date=3 November 2023|newspaper=The Independent|date=15 October 1993|location=London|archive-date=3 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203060319/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/loud-call-for-miming-to-return-to-top-of-the-pops-1510818.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In its final few years miming had become less and less common, especially for bands, as studio technology became more reliable and artists were given the freedom to choose their performance style. Former Executive Producer [[Andi Peters]] said there was no policy on miming and that it was entirely up to the performer whether they wanted to sing live or mime.<ref>{{cite web|last=Peters|first=Andi|title=Top of the Pops Interview|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/faq/andi_peters1.shtml|publisher=BBC|access-date=5 December 2013|archive-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp/faq/andi_peters1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Orchestra and backing singers===
From 1966 to 1980, ''Top of the Pops'' had an in-studio orchestra conducted by [[Johnny Pearson]] accompany select musical performances, with [[The Ladybirds]] (later Maggie Stredder Singers) providing backing vocals.<ref name="Telegraph Pearson obituary"/><ref name="Stredder obituary">{{cite news|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200315034454/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2018/04/24/maggie-stredder-obituary/|archive-date=15 March 2020|title=Maggie Stredder, of the Ladybirds – obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2018/04/24/maggie-stredder-obituary/|work=The Telegraph|date=24 April 2018|access-date=14 March 2020|last1=Obituaries|first1=Telegraph}}</ref> Credited on the show as musical associate, Derek Warne played piano and provided musical [[arrangement]]s for the orchestra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Costello|first=Elvis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhJvDQAAQBAJ|title=Unfaithful Music & Disappearing Ink|page=256|place=New York|publisher=Blue Rider Press|year=2016|orig-year=2015|isbn=978-0-399-18576-2|via=Google Books|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173629/https://books.google.com/books?id=bhJvDQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba0359e40|title=Derek Warne|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919194838/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba0359e40|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.greatyarmouthmercury.co.uk/news/if-it-ain-t-got-that-swing-1-501723|title=If it ain't got that swing....|work=Great Yarmouth Mercury|date=26 November 2009|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173631/https://www.greatyarmouthmercury.co.uk/news/if-it-ain-t-got-that-swing-1864120|url-status=live}}</ref> As ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' recounted, Pearson and the orchestra [[Musical improvisation|improvised]] accompaniments with about 20 minutes of rehearsal time per song, and the musicians, "almost all middle-aged, often struggled with the enormous range of rock and pop tunes with which they were presented."<ref name="Telegraph Pearson obituary"/> In contrast, ''[[The Times]]'' said upon Pearson's passing in 2011 that the orchestra "often elicit[ed] excellent performances with barely enough time beforehand for a couple of run-throughs."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/johnny-pearson-2t0lqzg0lqb|title=Johnny Pearson|work=[[The Times]]|place=London|date=5 April 2011|page=48|access-date=18 April 2020|url-access=subscription|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309035036/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/johnny-pearson-2t0lqzg0lqb|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other notable members of the orchestra include drummer [[Clem Cattini]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/product_info.php?products_id=810055|title=Clem Cattini: My Life, Through the Eye of a Tornado|publisher=Indiana University Press|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215220514/http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/product_info.php?products_id=810055|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://englishrogersdrums.co.uk/Endorser%20Clem%20Cattini.html|title=Endorsee – Clem Cattini|publisher=English Rogers Drums|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722050326/http://englishrogersdrums.co.uk/Endorser%20Clem%20Cattini.html|url-status=live}}</ref> trombonist [[Bobby Lamb (trombonist)|Bobby Lamb]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Barfe|first=Louis|author-link=Louis Barfe|url=http://cheeseford.blogspot.com/2007/11/one-of-great-delights-of-watching-old.html|title=One of the great delights of watching old light entertainment programmes...|work=Cheeseford: Barfe's blogdom|date=10 November 2007|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224100425/http://cheeseford.blogspot.com/2007/11/one-of-great-delights-of-watching-old.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and lead trumpeters [[Leon Calvert]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGuvAwAAQBAJ&q=leon+calvert|title=Who's Who of British Jazz|last=Chilton|first=John|place=London|publisher=Continuum|year=2004|edition=2nd|isbn=0-8264-7234-6|page=57|via=Google Books|access-date=2 June 2020|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173632/https://books.google.com/books?id=DGuvAwAAQBAJ&q=leon+calvert|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Ian Hamer (musician)|Ian Hamer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/sep/12/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|title=Ian Hamer|last=Fordham|first=John|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 April 2020|date=12 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011122736/http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,1870041,00.html|archive-date=11 October 2006|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ian-hamer-414899.html|title=Ian Hamer|work=The Independent|date=7 September 2006|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023004717/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ian-hamer-414899.html|archive-date=23 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1971 to 1974, [[Martin Briley]] played guitar for the orchestra before joining rock group [[Greenslade]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Martin Briley |magazine=Billboard |date=28 May 1983 |volume=95 |issue=22 |page=26 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1983/BB-1983-05-28.pdf|via=World Radio History}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/martin-briley-mn0000310976/biography|title=Martin Briley|last=Demalon|first=Tom|publisher=allmusic|access-date=23 April 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308142804/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/martin-briley-mn0000310976/biography|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following the 1980 Musicians Union strike, the programme resumed broadcast on 7 August 1980 without its orchestra or backing singers.<ref name="Telegraph Pearson obituary">{{cite web|title=Obituary: Johnny Pearson|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8490614/Johnny-Pearson.html|work=The Telegraph|access-date=5 December 2013|date=4 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508155915/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8490614/Johnny-Pearson.html|archive-date=8 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="presenters 1979-80">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/presenters/list3.shtml|title=Presenters ('79–'80)|work=TOTP2|publisher=BBC|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225063447/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/presenters/list3.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian timeline">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021017070458/http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/features/story/0,11710,788928,00.html|archive-date=17 October 2002|title= Timeline: Top of the Pops |work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/sep/12/artsfeatures.popandrock|date=12 September 2002|access-date=14 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, Pearson continued to make occasional contributions as musical director until the 900th episode in the summer of 1981.<ref name="Telegraph Pearson obituary"/> Afterwards, Warne occasionally made musical arrangements through April 1982.<ref>The final two episodes to credit Derek Warne as "musical associate" were {{cite episode|title=01/04/1982|series=Top of the Pops|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07sxd6v|network=BBC One|date=1 April 1982|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709192126/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07sxd6v|url-status=live}} and
{{cite episode|title=08/04/1982|series=Top of the Pops|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07tq0fc|network=BBC One|date=8 April 1982|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07tq0fc|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] conducted the orchestra from 1982 to 1983.<ref>The final episode to credit [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] as musical director was {{cite episode|title=03/03/1983|series=Top of the Pops|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08d7y3l|network=BBC One|date=3 March 1983|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190526/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08d7y3l|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Promotional films and music videos===

In the 1960s and 1970s, the weekly [[record chart]] was published every Tuesday morning, and the live show was broadcast on Thursday evenings. This created a need for regular studio appearances by the top artists who often had hectic touring schedules that made it difficult for them to be present. As a result, the show's production team faced a complex weekly planning process, involving rescheduling, booking, and rebooking of acts. To ensure that the show featured the top 20 artists of each week, particularly those from America who were expected to rise in the chart, pre-recording of performances became necessary.<ref name=":3" />

When an artist or group was unavailable to perform in studio, ''Top of the Pops'' would show a [[music video]], pre-recorded videos known as 'promotional films' at that time,<ref name=":19">{{Cite book |last=Humphries |first=Patrick |title=Top of the Pops: 50th Anniversary |publisher=McNidder & Grace |year=2013 |isbn=9780857160522 |edition=First |location=New York |pages=xi, xii (Introduction) |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fremaux |first=Stephanie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47JTDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Top+of+the+pops%22+%22Promotional+films%22&pg=PA78 |title=The Beatles on Screen: From Pop Stars to Musicians |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-5013-2713-1 |place=New York |page=78 |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173632/https://books.google.com/books?id=47JTDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Top+of+the+pops%22+%22Promotional+films%22&pg=PA78 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}</ref> in the acts' place.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47JTDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Top+of+the+pops%22+%22Promotional+films%22&pg=PA78|title=The Beatles on Screen: From Pop Stars to Musicians|last=Fremaux|first=Stephanie|page=78|place=New York|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=2018|isbn=978-1-5013-2713-1|via=Google Books|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173632/https://books.google.com/books?id=47JTDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Top+of+the+pops%22+%22Promotional+films%22&pg=PA78|url-status=live}}</ref> By the time the Beatles stopped touring in late 1966, their promotional films had become highly sophisticated. In May 1966 they filmed two sets of colour promotional clips for their current single "[[Rain (The Beatles song)|Rain]]" (also known as "[[Paperback Writer]]") to air on ''Top of the Pops'' on 2 June.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Robert |title=Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll |publisher=Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61713-009-0 |pages=163, 164}}</ref> According to [[Queen (band)|Queen]] guitarist [[Brian May]], the groundbreaking 1975 music video for "[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]" was produced so that the band could avoid miming on TOTP since they would have looked off miming to such a complex song.<ref>{{cite web |last=Black |first=Johnny |year=2002 |title=The Greatest Songs Ever! Bohemian Rhapsody |publisher=Blender |url=http://www.blender.com/guide/66831/greatest-songs-ever-bohemian-rhapsody.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125102734/http://www.blender.com/guide/66831/greatest-songs-ever-bohemian-rhapsody.html |archive-date=25 January 2010 |access-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This established the importance of promotional film clips as a means of promoting both emerging acts and new releases by established acts, which contributed to advent of the music video genre.

==Dance troupes==
===January to October 1964 – no dance troupes===
In the era before [[music video|promotional videos]] were routinely produced for every charting single, the BBC would frequently have neither the band themselves nor alternative footage available for a song selected for the programme. In the first few months of the show in 1964, the director would just scan across the audience dancing in the absence of any other footage, but by October 1964 a decision was made to at least occasionally bring in a [[dance troupe]] with a choreographed routine to some of the tracks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/pans_people/ |title=Pan's People|access-date=11 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916135453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/pans_people/ |archive-date=16 September 2014 }}</ref>

===November 1964 to April 1968 – The Go-Jos===
{{main|Go-Jos}}
An initial candidate troupe was the existing BBC TV [[The Beat Room|Beat Girls]], but an ex-dancer from the Beat Girls, Jo Cook, was eventually engaged to create a troupe, the all-female [[Go-Jos]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/lineup/archive/week37/show2artist3.shtml |title=Top of the Pops 2 – TV Lineup |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=31 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231094359/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/lineup/archive/week37/show2artist3.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jo Cook interview |url=http://panspeople.com/?q=node/740 |website=wayback/panspeople |access-date=22 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128024356/http://panspeople.com/?q=node%2F740 |archive-date=28 January 2013 }}</ref> with Cook as choreographer. The Go-Jos also worked outside of ''Top of the Pops'', notably for two years on the [[Val Doonican]] show – Doonican said in 1968 "I thought the Gojos were fabulous, something really new. When I got my own television series I just had to have them with me."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|journal=TV Times|title=Val Doonican|volume=1968}}</ref>

They were initially a three-piece (Pat Hughes for the first edition only, Linda Hotchkin and Jane Bartlett), but their number eventually grew to six (Hotchkin, Bartlett, Lesley Larbey, Wendy Hilhouse, Barbara van der Heyde and Thelma Bignell) with Cook as full-time choreographer. [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]] remembered of their costumes "They mostly wore white boots to the knee and short skirts and the camera would go up the skirt and it was all very risqué."<ref>{{cite web|title=TOTP 1964|url=http://www.televisionheaven.co.uk/totp.htm|website=TV Heaven|access-date=18 September 2014|archive-date=24 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045057/http://www.televisionheaven.co.uk/totp.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Cook herself said of working on the Doonican show (of which she was dance director) comparing to ''Top of the Pops'', "Pop steps are limited{{nbsp}}... With Val we have more scope, and we can work to get more of the feel of ballet into our numbers."<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

===May to June 1968 – Go-Jos/Pan's People transition===
In April 1968, a ''Top of the Pops'' choreographer, Virginia Mason,<ref>{{cite web|title = Virginia Mason – Australia|url = http://www.starnow.co.uk/virginiamason/|website = StarNow|access-date = 13 December 2015|archive-date = 22 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124449/http://www.starnow.co.uk/virginiamason/|url-status = live}}</ref> auditioned for dancers for a routine on ''Top of The Pops'' ("[[Simon Says (1910 Fruitgum Company song)|Simon Says]]" by the [[1910 Fruitgum Company]]); two of whom that were successful ([[Ruth Pearson]] and Patricia "Dee Dee" Wilde) were part of the existing six-female dance troupe, [[Pan's People]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Dee Dee Wilde's Top of the Pops memories|url=http://www.gazetteandherald.co.uk/news/848408.print/|newspaper=Gazette and Herald|access-date=22 September 2014|archive-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226141655/http://www.gazetteandherald.co.uk/news/848408.print/|url-status=live}}</ref> Like the Go-Jos, this group was also partly drawn from ex-members of the Beat Girls.<ref>{{cite news|title=How we made Pan's People|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/sep/02/how-we-made-pans-people-dee-dee-wilde-babs-powell|access-date=26 December 2014|work=The Guardian|archive-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223120152/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/sep/02/how-we-made-pans-people-dee-dee-wilde-babs-powell|url-status=live}}</ref>

Although this routine did not make it onto the programme itself, in subsequent weeks, members of Pan's People ([[Louise Clarke]], [[Flick Colby|Felicity "Flick" Colby]], Barbara "Babs" Lord, Pearson, Andrea "Andi" Rutherford and Wilde) started to appear on the programme separately to the Go-Jos. Pan's People were then selected by the BBC over the Go-Jos when they chose a group to be the resident troupe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/pans_people/ |title=BBC - Top of the Pops 2 - Trivia |access-date=26 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916135453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/pans_people/ |archive-date=16 September 2014 }}</ref> The Go-Jos' final ''Top of the Pops'' performance was in June 1968 dancing to "[[Jumping Jack Flash]]" by [[the Rolling Stones]].

===July 1968 to April 1976 – Pan's People===
{{main|Pan's People}}
[[File:Pan's People1971-3TopPop.png|thumb|Dance troupe Pan's People (pictured here on ''[[TopPop]]'', AVRO 1971)]]
As with the Go-Jos, in the first eighteen months of the Pan's People era the dancers were not a weekly fixture on the programme.<ref>{{cite news |author=Interviews by Dave Simpson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/sep/02/how-we-made-pans-people-dee-dee-wilde-babs-powell |title=Dee Dee Wilde and Babs Powell: how we made Pan's People | Culture |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051622/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/sep/02/how-we-made-pans-people-dee-dee-wilde-babs-powell |url-status=live }}</ref> However, due to group fan mail and good viewing figures, by 1970 the group was on nearly every week.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wilde |first1=Dee Dee |title=Dee Dee Wilde remembers getting her kicks in 1973 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11058597/Dee-Dee-Wilde-remembers-getting-her-kicks-in-1973.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11058597/Dee-Dee-Wilde-remembers-getting-her-kicks-in-1973.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=15 September 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Pay was not high – they were paid the minimum [[Equity (British trade union)|Equity]] rate of £56 per week.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flick Colby Obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8546450/Flick-Colby.html |access-date=22 September 2014 |work=The Daily Telegraph |archive-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912014204/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8546450/Flick-Colby.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

One of the original Pan's People dancers, Colby, became the full-time choreographer in 1971.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/flick-colby-dancer-and-choreographer-whose-work-graced-lsquotop-of-the-popsrsquo-across-three-decades-2291041.html |title=Flick Colby Obituary |work=The Independent |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925110223/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/flick-colby-dancer-and-choreographer-whose-work-graced-lsquotop-of-the-popsrsquo-across-three-decades-2291041.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Colby spoke of the dancing – "They weren't Broadway-standard routines{{nbsp}}... we were definitely doing watercolours, not oil paintings."<ref>{{cite news |title=Flick Colby Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2011/may/30/flick-colby-obituary |access-date=22 September 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411160146/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2011/may/30/flick-colby-obituary |url-status=live }}</ref>

===May to October 1976 – Ruby Flipper===
{{main|Ruby Flipper}}

In early 1976, the last remaining of the early members of [[Pan's People]], Ruth Pearson announced her retirement, leaving just four members all of whom who had joined within the last four years; Cherry Gillespie, Mary Corpe, Lee Ward and Sue Menhenick. Rather than continue with this line up or add additional members, it was decided by Colby and BBC production staff to replace this group<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/pans_people/ruth_pearson/page2.shtml |title=Top of the Pops 2 – Trivia – Presenters |publisher=BBC |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/pans_people/ruth_pearson/page2.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> with a male and female group created for the programme, [[Ruby Flipper]], choreographed by Colby and managed by Colby with Pearson. Lee Ward left shortly after this decision was made, reportedly saying regarding the change: "It's a big mistake. Men rush home to watch sexy ladies. They do not want to see other men."<ref>{{Citation|title = Sounds Magazine|date = 1 May 1976 }}</ref>

Rehearsals for this new group started in March 1976, and the group began appearing on ''Top of the Pops'' in May 1976. Whilst producers were aware of the switch to the new group, [[Bill Cotton]], the then head of the light entertainment unit of which ''Top of the Pops'' was part, was not. This group started as a seven-piece with three men (Gavin Trace, Floyd Pearce and Phil Steggles) and four women (Menhenick, Gillespie, Patti Hammond and Lulu Cartwright). Corpe was not invited to join the new troupe. Trace, Pearce, Steggles and Cartwright joined following open auditions, Hammond, an established dancer, was invited to join to complete the "look" following a later individual audition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sue Menhenick interview |url=http://panspeople.com/?q=node/805 |website=PansPeople.com |access-date=22 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128043720/http://panspeople.com/?q=node%2F805 |archive-date=28 January 2013 }}</ref> Colby viewed this gender-mixed group as an opportunity to develop more physical routines including lifts,<ref name="Flick Colby obituary">{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Wiegand |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2011/may/30/flick-colby-obituary |title=Flick Colby obituary | Stage |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411160146/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2011/may/30/flick-colby-obituary |url-status=live }}</ref> more duets and generally not have the whole group at each performance.

However, by August the BBC had decided to terminate the group due to perceived unpopularity and being "...{{nbsp}}out of step with viewers".<ref>{{cite news|title=Ruby Floppers|work=Daily Mirror|date=19 August 1976|page=9}}</ref> Their final appearance was in October 1976.

===November 1976 to November 1981 – Legs and Co===
{{main|Legs & Co}}
The group created to replace Ruby Flipper was [[Legs & Co]], reverting to an all-female line-up, and once more choreographed by Colby. Three of the six in the initial line-up (Menhenick, Cartwight and Hammond) were taken from Ruby Flipper.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/ruby_flipper/philip_steggles/page2.shtml |title=Top of the Pops 2 – Interviews |publisher=BBC |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/ruby_flipper/philip_steggles/page2.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> with Rosie Hetherington, Gill Clarke and Pauline Peters making up the six. Despite being an all-female group, on occasion one or more male dancers were brought in, including Pearce several times.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

During their run, the group covered the transition from Disco to Punk, Electronic and Modern Romantic music.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/legs_and_co/lulu_cartwright/page6.shtml |title=Top of the Pops 2 – Trivia – Presenters |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 June 2016 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502004523/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/legs_and_co/lulu_cartwright/page6.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

===December 1981 to September 1983 – Zoo===
{{main|Zoo (dance troupe)}}
By late 1981, Legs & Co (by this time Anita Chellamah had replaced Peters) had become more integrated into the studio audience, rather than performing set-piece routines, as a result of the 'party atmosphere' brought in by [[Michael Hurll]]. Also by this time Colby was particularly keen to work once more with male dancers; feeling it time for a change, Legs & Co's stint was ended, and a twenty-member dance troupe (ten male, ten female), named [[Zoo (dance troupe)|Zoo]] was created, with a set of performers drawn from the pool of twenty each week.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/legs_and_co/ |title=Top of the Pops 2 – Trivia |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915040741/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/legs_and_co/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Colby was now credited as "Dance Director".<ref name="Flick Colby obituary"/> Three members of previous troupes, Menhenick, Corpe and Chellamah, made at least one appearance each during the Zoo period. The dancers now chose their own clothes, moving away from the synchronised appearance of previous troupes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dee Ivo interview|url=http://panspeople.com/?q=node/999|website=panspeople.com|access-date=27 September 2014|archive-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210022731/http://www.panspeople.com/?q=node%2F999|url-status=live}}</ref>

===October 1983 to 2006 – After Zoo===
By the early 1980s, record companies were offering the BBC free promotional videos, meaning dance troupes no longer fulfilled their original purpose.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8546450/Flick-Colby.html |title=Flick Colby |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305061546/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8546450/Flick-Colby.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Zoo's run ended in 1983, and with it the use of dance troupes on ''Top of the Pops''.

After the demise of Zoo, the audience took a more active role, often dancing in more prominent areas such as behind performing acts on the back of the stage, and on podiums. However, the show also employed cheerleaders to lead the dancing.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

===Dance Troupe chronology===
* '''Go-Jos' first performance: ''' 19 November 1964 – Dancing to "[[Baby Love]]" by [[the Supremes]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Hotchkin interview|url=http://panspeople.com/?q=node/699|website=Pan's People|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=28 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128041820/http://panspeople.com/?q=node%2F699|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Pan's People first performance (three of the dancers, independently contracted): ''' April 1968 – Dancing to "[[Young Girl (song)|Young Girl]]" by [[Gary Puckett & the Union Gap]]<ref>{{cite news|title=How we made Pan's People|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/sep/02/how-we-made-pans-people-dee-dee-wilde-babs-powell|access-date=23 December 2014|work=The Guardian|archive-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223120152/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/sep/02/how-we-made-pans-people-dee-dee-wilde-babs-powell|url-status=live}}</ref> or "[[Respect (song)|Respect]]" by [[Aretha Franklin]]<ref name="westlondontoday.co.uk">{{cite web|title=Ladies of the dance who once ruled top of the pops|url=http://www.westlondontoday.co.uk/wlt/content/ladies-dance-who-once-ruled-top-pops|website=West London Today|access-date=26 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226141025/http://www.westlondontoday.co.uk/wlt/content/ladies-dance-who-once-ruled-top-pops|archive-date=26 December 2014}}</ref>
* '''Pan's People's first performance (as the six-piece group of early 1968): ''' 30 May 1968 – Dancing to "[[U.S. Male]]" by [[Elvis Presley]]<ref name="westlondontoday.co.uk"/>
* '''Go-Jos' final performance: ''' 27 June 1968 – Dancing to "[[Jumping Jack Flash]]" by [[the Rolling Stones]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dolores Bourne interview|url=http://panspeople.com/?q=node/977|website=Pans People|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223094100/http://panspeople.com/?q=node%2F977|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Pan's People's final performance: ''' 29 April 1976 – Dancing to "[[Silver Star (The Four Seasons song)|Silver Star]]" by [[The Four Seasons (group)|the Four Seasons]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Louise Clark dies|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9500010/Pans-People-dancer-Louise-Clarke-dies.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9500010/Pans-People-dancer-Louise-Clarke-dies.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=26 December 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* '''Ruby Flipper's first performance: ''' 6 May 1976 – Dancing to "[[Can't Help Falling In Love]]" by [[the Stylistics]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/ruby_flipper/philip_steggles/page1.shtml |title=Top of the Pops 2 – Interviews |publisher=BBC |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017133825/http://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/trivia/ruby_flipper/philip_steggles/page1.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Ruby Flipper's final performance: ''' 14 October 1976 – Dancing to "[[Play That Funky Music]]" by [[Wild Cherry (band)|Wild Cherry]]
* '''Legs & Co's first performance (credited as Ruby Flipper & Legs & Co): ''' 21 October 1976 – Dancing to "[[Queen of My Soul]]" by [[Average White Band]]<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* '''Legs & Co's first performance (credited as Legs & Co): ''' 11 November 1976 – Dancing to "Spinning Rock Boogie" by Hank C. Burnette
* '''Legs & Co's final performance: ''' 29 October 1981 – Dancing to "[[Favourite Shirts (Boy Meets Girl)]]" by [[Haircut 100]]
* '''Zoo's first performance: ''' 5 November 1981 – Dancing to "[[Twilight (Electric Light Orchestra song)|Twilight]]" by [[E.L.O.]]
* '''Zoo's final performance: ''' 29 September 1983 – Dancing to "What I Got Is What You Need" by [[Unique (band)|Unique]]

==Titles and theme music==
[[File:Top of the Pops logo 1964.svg|thumb|200px|The original ''Top of the Pops'' logo that appeared on-screen in 1964]]
[[File:Totp logo 1998.svg|thumb|200px|The ''Top of the Pops'' logo used between 1998 and 2003]]
For much of the 1960s, the show's theme music was an organ-based instrumental track, also called "Top of the Pops", by the Dave Davani Four.
* 1 January 1964 to ?: Instrumental percussion piece written by Johnnie Stewart and Harry Rabinowitz and performed by drummer Bobby Midgly.
* 1965 to 1966: Dave Davani Four's "Top of the Pops" with [[the Ladybirds]] on backing vocal harmonies. Originally the opening theme, this was later played as a closing theme from 1966 up until 1970.
* 20 January 1966 to 13 November 1969: Unknown instrumental guitar track.
* 27 November 1969 to 29 October 1970: Unknown brass track played over colour titles with a voiceover proclaiming, "Yes! It's number one! It's Top of the Pops!" There was no ''TOTP'' on 20 November 1969 due to the [[Apollo 12]] Moon landing.
* 5 November 1970 to 14 July 1977: An instrumental version of the [[Led Zeppelin]]-[[Willie Dixon]] composition "[[Whole Lotta Love]]" performed by [[Collective Consciousness Society|CCS]] members.
* 21 July 1977 to 29 May 1980: No opening theme tune; a contemporary chart song was played over the countdown stills. "Whole Lotta Love" (instrumental) featured only in Christmas editions (CCS version used in the 1979 Christmas shows), the 800th edition from 26 July 1979 and the voice-over only edition from 22 November 1979.
* 7 August 1980: Instrumental version of "Whole Lotta Love" used. Last used in 1977.
* 14 August 1980 to 2{{nbsp}}July 1981: No opening theme tune; the [[Collective Consciousness Society|CCS]] version of "Whole Lotta Love" was played over some of the images of the featured artists and during the countdown stills in the Top 30 and Top 20 sections which were moved later on in the programme. From the edition of 14{{nbsp}}August 1980 to the edition of 2{{nbsp}}July 1981, "Whole Lotta Love" was heard only during the chart rundowns.
* 9 July 1981 to 27 March 1986: "[[Yellow Pearl (song)|Yellow Pearl]]" was commissioned as the new theme music. A re-recording of "Yellow Pearl" was played over the chart rundown.
* 3 April 1986 to 26 September 1991: "[[The Wizard (Paul Hardcastle song)|The Wizard]]", a composition by [[Paul Hardcastle]].
* 3 October 1991 to 26 January 1995: "Now Get Out of That" composed by Tony Gibber.
* 2 February 1995 to 8 August 1997 (except 27 June & 25 July 1997 and 15 August 1997 to 24 April 1998) and 10 October 1997: the theme was a track called "Red Hot Pop" composed by [[Vince Clarke]] of [[Erasure (duo)|Erasure]].
* 27 June and 25 July 1997 then 15 August 1997 to 24 April 1998 (except 10 October 1997): No theme tune; the opening of the first song of the episode was played under the titles and a song from the top 20 (that hadn't already featured on the show) was played under the chart rundown.
* 1 May 1998 to 21 November 2003: Updated, drum and bass version of "Whole Lotta Love" by Ben Chapman.
* 28 November 2003 to 30 July 2006 and until 2012 for ''TOTP2'' and Xmas specials: A remixed version of "Now Get Out of That" by Tony Gibber.
* 25 December 2013 to 25 December 2021 for ''Top of the Pops'' Christmas and New Year Specials: A mix of both the 1970s "Whole Lotta Love" theme and the 1998 remix.

==Lost episodes==
[[File:The Beatles i Hötorgscity 1963.jpg|thumb|A recording of the only live performance by [[the Beatles]] on ''Top of the Pops'' in 1966 was not retained by the BBC (group pictured here in 1963)]]

Due to the then standard practice of [[Lost television broadcast|wiping]] videotape, the vast majority of the episodes from the programme's history prior to 1976 are considered [[lost media]], including any official recording of the only live appearance by [[the Beatles]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/823988.stm|title=Unique Beatles recording lost|work=BBC News|access-date=16 February 2016|archive-date=2 April 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030402163416/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/823988.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Of the first 500 episodes (1964–1973), only about 20 complete recordings remain in the BBC archives, and the majority of these are from 1969 onwards. The earliest surviving footage dates from 26 February 1964, and consists of performances by [[Billy J. Kramer]] and the Dakotas and [[the Dave Clark Five]]. Some programmes exist only partially (largely performances that were either pre-recorded or re-used in later, surviving editions). There are also two examples of rehearsal footage, both from 1965; one which includes [[Alan Freeman]] introducing [[the Seekers]],<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/KMprTCLmin8 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130730103752/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMprTCLmin8 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMprTCLmin8 |title=The Seekers – The Carnival Is Over – Rehearsal 1965 |via=YouTube |date=8 December 2009 |access-date=27 January 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and another with [[Sandie Shaw]] rehearsing "[[Long Live Love (Chris Andrews song)|Long Live Love]]"—both believed to be for the end-of-year Christmas Special. The oldest complete episode in existence was originally transmitted on [[Boxing Day]] in 1967 (only five complete recordings from the 1960s survive, two of which have mute presenter links). The most recent that is not held in any form is dated 8{{nbsp}}September 1977. Most editions after this exist in full, though a number of episodes transmitted live during the 1980s were archived with slight technical issues (e.g. missing audio, typically restored by off-air recordings in repeats). One subsequent pre-recorded episode (dated 21 March 1985) from after is now believed to only exist as an off-air recording, and another later still from the 1990s (25 August 1994, hosted by [[Malcolm McLaren]]) appears to only exist in broadcast quality in raw, unedited master tape form similar to several earlier editions; both shows have been skipped in repeat airing runs.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Top Of The Pops Facts |date=5 May 2023 |title=BBC Four are skipping the 25 August 1994 #TOTP |url=https://twitter.com/TOTPFacts/status/1654553980507127816 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240907012947/https://x.com/TOTPFacts/status/1654553980507127816 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |access-date=7 September 2024 |website=Twitter }}</ref>

The last thirteen minutes of the 19 August 1965 edition of TOTP survives, and features live performances from [[Herman's Hermits]], [[Sonny & Cher]], [[Jonathan King]], and [[The Byrds]].<ref name=":4">{{Citation |last=BBC |title=Top Of The Pops (1965-2008) |date=1965 |url=http://archive.org/details/topofthepops |access-date=2024-01-15}}</ref>

Some off-air recordings, made by fans at home with a microphone in front of the TV speaker, exist in varying quality, including [[the Jimi Hendrix Experience]] performing a live version of "Hey Joe" in December 1966.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Some segments of ''TOTP'' which were not retained do survive in some form owing to having been included in other programmes, either by the BBC itself or by foreign broadcasters. What was thought to be the only surviving footage of the Beatles on the programme, for instance, comes from its re-use in episode one of 1965 ''[[Doctor Who]]'' serial ''[[The Chase (Doctor Who)|The Chase]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – The Chase – Details |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/chase/detail.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330203426/http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/chase/detail.shtml |archive-date=30 March 2013 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Additionally a number of recordings are believed to exist in private collections.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 September 2002 |title=Lost glam rock tapes found |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/2251425.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310193028/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/2251425.stm |archive-date=10 March 2006 |access-date=16 February 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref> However, in 2019, an 11-second clip of the group's only live appearance on ''TOTP'', from 16 June 1966, was unearthed – this was recorded by a viewer using an [[8 mm film|8mm camera]] to film the live transmission on their television.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 April 2019 |title=Clip of 'lost' Beatles Top of the Pops performance unearthed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47854806 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408174619/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47854806 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=9 April 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Other individual but complete clips that have surfaced over recent years include [[The Hollies]] performing "[[Bus Stop (song)|Bus Stop]]", and The Jimi Hendrix Experience playing both "[[Purple Haze]]" and "[[The Wind Cries Mary]]".{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Thanks to a deal between the BBC and German television network ZDF around the turn of the 1970s, several TOTP clips were sent over to be shown on ''Disco'', a similar-styled chart show. This meant that performances from the likes of [[The Kinks]] ("Apeman"), [[The Who]] ("The Seeker") and [[King Crimson]] ("Cat Food") still exist in German archives.

Two complete episodes from 1967 were discovered in a private collection in 2009, having been recorded at home on an early available open reel to reel video recorder. Whilst the tapes suffered from major damage and degradation of both sound and picture quality, one show featured [[Pink Floyd]] with original leader [[Syd Barrett]] performing "[[See Emily Play]]", whilst the second contained [[Dave Davies]] singing his solo hit "[[Death of a Clown]]".

The programme was forced off the air for several weeks by industrial action by the [[Musicians' Union (UK)|Musicians' Union]] in both 1974 and 1980.

==Spin-offs==
''Top of the Pops'' had a sister show called ''[[TOTP2]]'' which used archive footage from as early as the late 1960s. It began on 17 September 1994. The early series were narrated by [[Johnnie Walker (DJ)|Johnnie Walker]], before [[Steve Wright (DJ)|Steve Wright]] took over as narrator. In summer 2004 BBC Two's controller, Roly Keating, announced that it was being "rested". Shortly after [[UKTV G2]] began showing re-edited versions of earlier programmes with re-recorded dialogue. Finally after a two-year break ''TOTP2'' returned to the BBC Two schedules for a new series on Saturday, 30 September 2006, in an evening timeslot. It was still narrated by Steve Wright and featured a mixture of performances from the ''TOTP'' archive and newly recorded performances. The first edition of this series featured new performances by [[Razorlight]] and [[Nelly Furtado]] recorded after the final episode of ''Top of the Pops''. In 2009 [[Mark Radcliffe (radio broadcaster)|Mark Radcliffe]] took over as narrator.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} ''TOTP2'' continued to receive sporadic new episodes from this point onwards, most notably Christmas specials, until 2017 when the show ceased producing new episodes, though previous episodes are still repeated on both BBC Two and BBC Four.

Aired on [[BBC Radio 1]] between the mid-1990s and late 2001 was ''Top of the Pops: The Radio Show'' which went out every Sunday at 3 pm just before the singles chart, and was presented by [[Jayne Middlemiss]] and [[Scott Mills]]. It later reappeared on the [[BBC World Service]] in May 2003 originally presented by [[Emma B]], where it continues to be broadcast weekly in an hourly format, now presented by Kim Robson and produced by former BBC World Service producer Alan Rowett.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The defunct channel [[Play UK]] created two spin offs; ''TOTP+ Plus'' and ''[[TOTP@Play]]'' (2000–2001) (until mid-2000, this show was called ''The Phone Zone'' and was a spin-off from BBC Two music series ''[[The O-Zone]]''). [[BBC Choice]] featured a show called ''TOTP The New Chart'' (5 December 1999 – 26 March 2000) and on BBC Two ''TOTP+'' (8 October 2000 – 26 August 2001) which featured the ''TOTP @ Play'' studio and presenters. This is not to be confused with the UK Play version of the same name. A more recent spin-off (now ended) was ''[[Top of the Pops Saturday]]'' hosted originally by [[Fearne Cotton]] and [[Simon Grant]], and its successor ''[[Top of the Pops Reloaded]]''. This was shown on Saturday mornings on BBC One and featured competitions, star interviews, video reviews and some ''Top of the Pops'' performances. This was aimed at a younger audience and was part of the [[CBBC]] Saturday morning line-up. This was to rival ''[[CD:UK]]'' at the same time on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Send-ups==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2016}}

A number of performers have sent up the format in various ways. This was often by performers who disliked the mime format of the show, as a protest against this rather than simply refusing to appear.
* When [[the Smiths]] appeared on the show to perform their single "[[This Charming Man]]", lead singer [[Morrissey]] was unhappy about having to lip-sync and so held a bunch of gladioli on the stage instead of a microphone.
* While performing their 1982 hit "[[Jackie Wilson Said (I'm in Heaven When You Smile)]]", the band [[Dexys Midnight Runners]] were seen performing in front of a projection of the darts player with a similar sounding name ([[Jocky Wilson]] instead of soul singer [[Jackie Wilson]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A5140720 |title=h2g2 – Dexy's Midnight Runners – the Band – Edited Entry |publisher=BBC |date=26 September 2005 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201165106/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A5140720 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dexys' frontman [[Kevin Rowland]] later said in an interview that the use of the Jocky Wilson picture was his idea and not a mistake by the programme makers as is sometimes stated.<ref>{{cite news |first=Johnny |last=Sharp |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/mar/27/jocky-wilson-other-rock-myths?INTCMP=SRCH |title=Jocky Wilson said – and other rock myths | Sport |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201741/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/mar/27/jocky-wilson-other-rock-myths?INTCMP=SRCH |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/sep/09/artsfeatures.bbc |title=Performers share their Top of the Pops memories |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182421/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/sep/09/artsfeatures.bbc |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Frankie Goes To Hollywood]] performed one of the many 1984 performances of their hit "[[Two Tribes]]" with bassist [[Mark O'Toole (musician)|Mark O'Toole]] playing drums whilst drummer [[Ped Gill]] played bass.
* In 1997 American band Eels appeared on the show, performing their hit 'Novocaine For The Soul'. The band all mimed along with tiny miniature instruments, before smashing them up before the song had ended.
* When [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] mimed to "[[Whatever (Oasis song)|Whatever]]" on ''Top of the Pops'' in 1994, one of the cello players from the symphony was replaced by rhythm guitarist [[Paul Arthurs|Bonehead]], who clearly had no idea how the instrument should be played. Towards the end of the song, he gave up the pretence and started using the bow to conduct. A woman plays his rhythm guitar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7Q82WlLQS4 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729145736/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7Q82WlLQS4| archive-date=29 July 2013 | url-status=dead|title=YouTube |via=YouTube |access-date=16 February 2016}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=November 2020}}
* During [[Faith No More]]'s performance of "[[From Out of Nowhere (song)|From Out Of Nowhere]]" in 1990, lead singer [[Mike Patton]] dribbles his lips during sections of the song instead of miming along.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/clip/Ugkxp5N7IaB2QleJpdTAVxn5P6sVS0phbwdp|title=✂️ Mike Patton bad lip sync|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2024}}
* Singer [[Les Gray]] of [[Mud (band)|Mud]] went on stage to perform with a ventriloquist dummy during the performance of "[[Lonely This Christmas]]" and had the dummy lip-synch to the voice-over in the middle of the song.
* [[EMF (band)|EMF]] appeared on the show{{when|date=August 2022}} with one of the guitarists strumming along while wearing boxing gloves.
* In [[Blur (band)|Blur]]'s performance of "[[Charmless Man]]" in 1996, [[Dave Rowntree]] decided to play with oversized drumsticks, while [[Graham Coxon]] played a mini guitar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spSJ_9zqPwE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730102317/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spSJ_9zqPwE|title=YouTube – Broadcast Yourself|website = [[YouTube]]|archive-date=30 July 2013}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=November 2020}}
* In [[Green Day]]'s first ''Top of the Pops'' appearance in 1994, the band played the song "[[Welcome to Paradise]]". Frontman [[Billie Joe Armstrong]] wore an otherwise plain white T-shirt with the phrase "Who am I fooling anyway?" handwritten on it, most likely a reference to his own miming during the performance. He could also be seen not playing his guitar during the instrumental bridge in the song.
* The performance of "[[Maggie May]]" by [[Rod Stewart]] and the [[Faces (band)|Faces]] featured [[John Peel]] miming on mandolin. Near the end of the song, Rod and the Faces begin to kick around a football. This is despite the fact that the music can be still heard playing in the background.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBUjdRKJifI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626043553/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBUjdRKJifI|title=YouTube – Broadcast Yourself|website = [[YouTube]]|archive-date=26 June 2014}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=November 2020}}
* [[Ambient house]] group [[the Orb]] sat and played chess while an edited version of their 39:57-minute single "[[Blue Room (The Orb song)|Blue Room]]" played in the background.
* [[Depeche Mode]]'s performance of "[[Barrel of a Gun]]" in 1997 featured Dutch photographer and director [[Anton Corbijn]] who mimed playing the drums. Also Tim Simenon (who produced the album the song appeared on) mimed playing keyboards along with Andy Fletcher.
* When [[the Cuban Boys]] performed "[[Cognoscenti vs. Intelligentsia]]" at the end of 1999, a performance which was reportedly unbroadcast, the band wearing labcoats, covered in cobwebs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecubanboys.co.uk/cuban_cvi.htm |title=Cognoscenti Vs Intelligentsia |publisher=Cuban Boys |date=7 April 1999 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019091650/http://thecubanboys.co.uk/cuban_cvi.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

==International versions==
{{More citations needed section|date=December 2022}}

===Europe===
[[File:Earth & Fire.png|thumb|The ''Top of the Pops'' format was adopted by on several other European broadcasters, such as ''[[TopPop]]'' (Netherlands)]]
The ''TOTP'' format was sold to [[RTL Television|RTL]] in Germany in the 1990s, and aired on Saturday afternoons. It was very successful for a long time, with a compilation album series and magazine. However, in 2006 it was announced that the German show would be ending. The Italian version (first broadcast on [[Rai 2]] and later on [[Italia 1]]) also ended in 2006. In February 2010 the show returned on Rai 2, and was broadcast for two seasons before being cancelled again in October 2011. The French version of the show ended by September 2006 on France 2.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} The short-lived Turkish version was aired on [[ATV (Turkish TV channel)|atv]] in 2000.

In the Netherlands, ''[[TopPop]]'' was broadcast by [[AVRO]] 1970–1988,<ref>{{cite book |title=Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Performance and production. Volume II |date=2003 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-6321-0 |page=475 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tz5YpijuksC&q=%22TopPop%22+top+of+the+pops&pg=PA475 |access-date=25 July 2020 |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326173633/https://books.google.com/books?id=0tz5YpijuksC&q=%22TopPop%22+top+of+the+pops&pg=PA475 |url-status=live }}</ref> and a version of the show continued to run on [[BNN (Dutch broadcaster)|BNN]] until the end of December 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnn.nl/page/pers/45090/TOP%20OF%20THE%20POPS%20NEDERLAND%20STOPT|title=TOP OF THE POPS NEDERLAND STOPT |access-date=3 December 2006 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004745/http://www.bnn.nl/page/pers/45090/TOP%20OF%20THE%20POPS%20NEDERLAND%20STOPT |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=text content blocked by Flash plugin|date=July 2020}} [[BBC Prime]] used to broadcast re-edited episodes of the BBC version, the weekend after it was transmitted in the UK. Ireland began transmitting ''Top of the Pops'' in November 1978 on [[RTÉ2]]. This was the UK version being transmitted at the same time as on BBC. The broadcasts ceased in late 1993.

===United States===
''Top of the Pops'' had short-lived fame in the United States. In October 1987, the [[CBS]] television network decided to try an American version of the show. It was hosted by [[Nia Peeples]] and even showed performances from the BBC version of the programme (and vice versa). The show was presented on late Friday nights as part of ''[[CBS Late Night]]'', and lasted almost half a year.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} It was originally slated to be a first-run syndicated series, but it was changed when [[Lionheart Television]], the show's producers signed up with the network.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 1987 |title='Top Of The Pops' Syndie Sked Reworked As CBS Latenight Entry |pages=112, 131 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

In 2002, [[BBC America]] presented the BBC version of ''Top of the Pops'' as part of their weekend schedule. The network would get the episodes one week after they were transmitted in the UK. BBC America then tinkered with the show by cutting a few minutes out of each show and moving it to a weekday time slot.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

On 23 January 2006, [[Lou Pearlman]] made a deal to bring ''Top of the Pops'' back to the airwaves in the United States. It was expected to be similar to the 1987 version, but it would also utilise the [[Billboard magazine]] music charts, most notably the [[Hot 100]] chart. It was supposed to be planned for a possible 2006 or 2007 launch, but with several lawsuits against Lou and his companies (which resulted in his conviction in 2008), as well as the cancellation of the UK version, the proposed US project never went forward. On 19 August 2006, [[VH1]] aired the UK series' final episode.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The United States had its own similar series, ''[[American Bandstand]]'', which aired nationally on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] from 1957 to 1987 (although it would continue in first-run syndication until 1988 and end its run on [[USA Network|USA]] in 1989). Similar series also included ''[[Soul Train]]'' (1970–2006, featuring [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] artists), ''[[Club MTV]]'' (1986–92, featuring [[dance music]] acts; hosted by [[Downtown Julie Brown]], an alumnus of TOTP as part of the show's last dance troupe [[Zoo (dance troupe)|Zoo]]) and ''[[Solid Gold (TV series)|Solid Gold]]'' (1980–88; like the early TOTP, it also used dance troupes).{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===New Zealand===
The ''Top of the Pops'' brand has also been exported to [[New Zealand]]. Although the British show has been broadcast intermittently in New Zealand, the country historically relied on music video-based shows to demonstrate its own Top 20, as the major international acts, who dominated the local charts, considered New Zealand too small and remote to visit regularly. This changed to an extent in 2002, when the New Zealand government suggested a voluntary New Zealand music quota on radio<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=1291784 |title=New Zealand music quota for radio – National – NZ Herald News |website=The New Zealand Herald |date=26 March 2002 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=3 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203212422/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=1291784 |url-status=live }}</ref> (essentially a threat that if the stations did not impose a quota themselves then one would be imposed on them). The amount of local music played on radio stations increased, as did the number of local songs in the top 20. Therefore, a new local version of ''Top of the Pops'' became feasible for the first time, and the show was commissioned by [[Television New Zealand]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

The hour-long show (as opposed to the 30-minute UK version) which was broadcast at 5 pm on Saturdays on [[TV2 (New Zealand)|TV2]] contained a mixture of performances recorded locally on a sound stage in the [[Auckland CBD]], as well as performances from the international versions of the show. The New Zealand Top 20 singles and Top 10 albums charts were also featured. Despite having a sizeable fan base, in 2006 TVNZ announced that ''Top of the Pops'' had been cancelled.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Free-to-air music channel [[C4 (TV channel)|C4]] then picked up the UK version of ''Top of the Pops'' and aired it on Saturdays at 8 pm with a repeat screening on Thursdays. However, since the weekly UK version was discontinued itself, this arrangement also ended.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===Africa, Asia and the Middle East===
An edited version of the UK show was shown on [[BBC Prime]], the weekend after UK transmission.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In addition, a licensed version was shown on the [[United Arab Emirates]]-based [[MBC 1 (Middle East)|MBC{{nbsp}}1]] television channel.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2771073.stm|title=Arabic Top of the Pops is a hit|date=17 February 2003|via=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> This version consisted of parts of the UK version, including the Top 10 charts, as well as live performances by [[Arabic pop]] singers.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===Latin America===
A complete version of the UK show was shown on [[People+Arts]], two weeks after the UK transmission.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Compilation albums==
A number of compilation albums using the ''Top of the Pops'' brand have been issued over the years. The first one to reach the charts was ''BBC TV's The Best of Top of the Pops'' on the Super Beeb record label in 1975, which reached number 21 and in 1986 the BBC released ''The Wizard'' by Paul Hardcastle (the 1986–1990 ''Top of the Pops'' theme tune) on vinyl under the BBC Records and Tapes banner.

Starting in 1968 and carrying on through the 1970s a rival series of [[Top of the Pops (record series)|''Top of the Pops'' albums]] were produced, however these had no connection with the television series except for its name. They were a series of budget [[cover version|cover]] albums of current chart hits recorded by anonymous session singers and musicians released on the Hallmark record label. They had initially reached the charts but were later disallowed due to a change in the criteria for entering the charts. These albums continued to be produced until the early 1980s, when the advent of compilation albums featuring the original versions of hits, such as the ''[[Now That's What I Call Music!]]'' series, led to a steep decline in their popularity.

In the 1990s, the BBC ''Top of the Pops'' brand was again licensed for use in a tie-in compilation series. Starting in 1995 with [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music's]] [[Columbia Records]] label, these double disc collections moved to the special marketing arm of [[PolyGram]] / [[Universal Music Group]] TV, before becoming a sister brand of the ''Now That's What I Call Music!'' range in the [[EMI]] / [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] / Universal joint venture.

Similarly to the roles of ''Top of the Pops'' on BBC One and BBC Two in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the compilation albums range featured current hits for the main series and classic hits (such as '70s Rock) for the "Top of the Pops 2" spin-offs.

The ''Top of the Pops'' brand has now been licensed by EMI who released a compilation series in 2007–08, with one CD for each year that ''Top of the Pops'' was running. The boxset for the entire series of 43 discs was released 7{{nbsp}}July 2008. A podcast supporting the release of the boxset featuring interviews with [[Mark Goodier]], [[Miles Leonard]], [[Malcolm McLaren]] and [[David Hepworth]] is available.

===Number One in the Compilation Charts===
These albums in the series reached No. 1:
* '''Top of the Pops 1''' ([[Columbia Records]], 1995)
* '''Top of the Pops '99 – Volume 2''' ([[Universal Music TV]], 1999)
* '''Top of the Pops 2000 – Volume Two''' ([[BBC Music]] / [[Universal Music TV]], 2000)

==''Top of the Pops'' magazine==
[[Top of the Pops (magazine)|''Top of the Pops'' magazine]] has been running since February 1995, and filled the void in the BBC magazine portfolio where [[Number One (magazine)|''Number One'' magazine]] used to be. It began much in the mould of [[Q (magazine)|''Q'' magazine]], then changed its editorial policy to directly compete with popular teen celebrity magazines such as ''[[Smash Hits]]'' and ''Big'', with free sticker giveaways replacing [[Brett Anderson]] covers.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

A July 1996 feature on the [[Spice Girls]] coined the famous "Spice" nicknames for each member ([[Emma Bunton|Baby]], [[Geri Halliwell|Ginger]], [[Victoria Beckham|Posh]], [[Mel B|Scary]] and [[Melanie C|Sporty]]) that stayed with them throughout their career as a group and beyond.<ref name="Spice Girls">{{cite news|title=How Did The Spice Girls Get Their Nicknames? Mel B Breaks It Down|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2272557/spice-girls-nickname-reveal/|access-date=25 December 2015|publisher=[[MTV]]|date=16 September 2015|archive-date=26 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226005218/http://www.mtv.com/news/2272557/spice-girls-nickname-reveal/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The BBC announced that the magazine would continue in publication despite the end of the television series, and is still running.

An earlier ''Top of the Pops'' magazine appeared briefly in the mid-1970s. Mud drummer Dave Mount sat reading an edition throughout a 1975 appearance on the show.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==''Top of the Pops'' Awards==
The ''Top of the Pops'' Awards (also known as TOTP Awards) was an annual awards ceremony, with winners chosen by BBC One viewers, from 2001 to 2005.<ref name="TOTP1">{{cite news|title=TOTP Awards: The winners|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1685658.stm|access-date=10 March 2023|publisher=BBC|date=30 November 2001}}</ref><ref name="TOTP2">{{cite news|title=Pops stars steal the show|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1686351.stm|access-date=10 March 2023|publisher=BBC|date=1 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/new-totp-awards-launched/1203866.article|title=New TOTP awards launched|website=Broadcast}}</ref> Hosted at the [[Manchester Arena]], the awards was a collaboration between BBC and [[BBC Worldwide]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Media-IDX/IDX/00s/01/MM-2001-11-17-OCR-Page-0004.pdf#search=Top%22|title=Kylie Leads Nominations|work=[[Music Week]]|date=17 November 2001|page=6}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{in popular culture|section|date=November 2020}}
* The Number 6 track of [[the Kinks]]' 1970 eighth studio album ''[[Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One]]'' is called "Top of the Pops" and narrates the path to stardom by reaching Number{{nbsp}}1 in the music charts.
* [[Benny Hill]] performed a parody of ''Top of the Pops'' in January 1971 called "Top of the Tops". It featured satires of many music acts at the time as well as impersonations and spoofed versions of both [[Jimmy Savile]] and [[Tony Blackburn]].
* An episode of [[Emu's Broadcasting Company]] featured a parody of ''Top of the Pops'' called "Top of the Flops", with [[Rod Hull]], [[Emu (puppet)|Emu]] and other cast members performing a song called "Do the Emu".<ref>{{Citation |title=Top Of The Flops Do The Emu | date=17 March 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e58RFje-uvI |access-date=9 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* The Scottish punk band [[the Rezillos]] lampooned the show in their song "Top of the Pops". The band performed the song on the programme twice when it entered the charts in 1978.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* In 1984, British Rail HST [[British Rail Class 43 (HST)|power car 43002]] was named Top of the Pops, by Jimmy Savile. This followed an edition which was broadcast live on a train, which 43002 was one of the power cars for. The nameplates were removed in 1989.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* The [[Smashie and Nicey]] 1994 TV special ''Smashie and Nicey: The End of an Era''<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/lQ33A3CY2Hs Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201220045541/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQ33A3CY2Hs Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|title=Smashie and Nicey: The End of an Era|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQ33A3CY2Hs|work=YouTube|publisher=BBC|access-date=28 May 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> featured doctored and recreated footage of the two fictional DJs hosting a montage of 1970s editions of ''Top of the Pops'', including a "Black music" edition, which the pair presented in [[Blackface]].
* In the opening credits of the [[Spice Girls]]' 1997 feature film ''[[Spiceworld: The Movie]]'', the girls perform their hit single "[[Too Much (Spice Girls song)|Too Much]]" on a fictional episode of the show. They also performed it on the show in real life when it became their second Christmas number one in the UK that same year.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* A 2001 episode of ''[[Tweenies]]'' featured a parody of ''Top of the Pops'', complete with Max imitating Jimmy Savile. The episode was unintentionally repeated in January 2013, and received 216 complaints.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/jan/20/bbc-jimmy-savile-parody-cbeebies |title=BBC apologises over Jimmy Savile parody on CBeebies |work=The Guardian |date=20 January 2013 |access-date=20 January 2013 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203153859/http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/jan/20/bbc-jimmy-savile-parody-cbeebies |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A ''[[Newzoids]]'' sketch has the [[Twelfth Doctor]] (and a future version of himself) escape the new era of ''[[Doctor Who]]'', and travel back to the 1970s. However, the two Doctors are soon horrified to realize that being at the BBC in the 1970s means that they are next door to the ''Top of the Pops'' studio, and flee into the future. A terrified [[Dalek]] begs them to "Take me with you. Take me with you".<ref>{{cite episode |title= |series=[[Newzoids]] |network=[[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] |date=17 September 2016 |season=2 |number=3}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=secondary source needed|date=December 2024}}

==Licensing==
In May 2006, following a special [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] concert recorded in the car park of [[BBC Television Centre]], [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham Council]] (which governs the area the centre is located) informed the BBC that it lacked the necessary public entertainment licence (as required by the [[Licensing Act 2003]]). Until the BBC could obtain the licence, BBC staff stood-in as audience members for live music programmes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4762783.stm |title=Entertainment | BBC staff asked to form audiences |work=BBC News |date=11 May 2006 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=5 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005100108/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4762783.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==VHSs and DVDs==
In 2002, a crossover direct-to-video VHS was released between ''Top of the Pops'' and ''[[Tweenies]]'', containing footage taken from the episodes where the Tweenies themselves had performed on the show, which the characters watched on a TV screen at their playgroup.

In 2004 there was a DVD released called ''Top of the Pops 40th Anniversary 1964–2004 DVD''. It features live performances, containing one song for each year, except 1966. (Two tracks from 1965 are featured instead). Also included as extras are seven opening titles, most notably the one with the flying coloured [[LP record|LP]]'s from 1981. This title sequence had [[Phil Lynott]]'s song "[[Yellow Pearl (song)|Yellow Pearl]]" as the theme. The 1986 and 1989 titles are also featured, with [[Paul Hardcastle]]'s hit "The Wizard" as the theme. This DVD was to celebrate 40 years since the show started.

There was also a DVD quiz released in 2007 called ''The Essential Music Quiz''. There was also a DVD in 2001 called ''Summer 2001'', a sister DVD to the album of the same name.

==See also==
* ''[[Alright Now (TV series)|Alright Now]]''
* ''[[The Old Grey Whistle Test]]''
* ''[[Ready Steady Go!]]''
* [[Revolver (TV series)|''Revolver'' (TV series)]]
* ''[[Top of the Box]]''
* [[The Tube (1982 TV series)|''The Tube'' (TV series)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Blacknell, Steve. ''The Story of Top of the Pops''. Wellingborough, Northants: Patrick Stephens, 1985
* Gittens, Ian. ''Top Of The Pops: Mishaps, Miming and Music: True Adventures of TV's No.1 Pop Show''. London: BBC, 2007 {{ISBN|1-84607-327-8}}
* Seaton, Pete with Richard Down. ''The Kaleidoscope British Television Music & Variety Guide II: Top Pop: 1964–2006''. Dudley: Kaleidoscope Publishing, 2007 {{ISBN|978-1-900203-27-2}}
* Simpson, Jeff. ''Top of the Pops: 1964–2002: it's still number one, its Top of the Pops!'' London: BBC, 2002 {{ISBN|0-563-53476-1}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{BBC programme|id=b00704hg}}
* {{IMDb title|0139803|Top of the Pops}}

{{Top of the Pops}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Top of the Pops| ]]
[[Category:1964 British television series debuts]]
[[Category:1964 in British music]]
[[Category:1960s British music television series]]
[[Category:1970s British music television series]]
[[Category:1980s British music television series]]
[[Category:1990s British music television series]]
[[Category:2000s British music television series]]
[[Category:2010s British music television series]]
[[Category:2020s British music television series]]
[[Category:1960s in British music]]
[[Category:1970s in British music]]
[[Category:1980s in British music]]
[[Category:1990s in British music]]
[[Category:2000s in British music]]
[[Category:2010s in British music]]
[[Category:2020s in British music]]
[[Category:BBC music television shows]]
[[Category:Television series by BBC Studios]]
[[Category:Lost BBC episodes]]
[[Category:Pop music television series]]
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[[Category:British television series revived after cancellation]]
[[Category:Television shows shot at BBC Elstree Centre]]

Book of Leviticus

2025-06-14T11:43:46Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|Third book of the Bible}}
{{Redirect|Leviticus|the Christian metal band|Leviticus (band)|the jungle music producer|Jumpin Jack Frost}}
{{Redirect|Vayikra|24th weekly parsha|Vayikra (parsha)}}
{{Pp-move|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Tanakh OT |Torah |Pentateuch}}

The '''Book of''' '''Leviticus''' ({{IPAc-en|l|ə|ˈ|v|ɪ|t|ɪ|k|ə|s}}, from {{langx|grc|Λευιτικόν}}, {{transliteration|grc|Leuïtikón}}; {{langx|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּקְרָא}}}}, {{transliteration|hbo|Wayyīqrāʾ}}, 'And He called'; {{langx|la|Liber Leviticus}}) is the third book of the [[Torah]] (the Pentateuch) and of the [[Old Testament]], also known as the '''Third Book of Moses'''.<ref name=Ox3>{{cite web |title= The Third Book of Moses, Called Leviticus |work= The Bible: Authorized King James Version |publisher= Oxford Biblical Studies Online, [[Oxford University Press]] |url= http://www.oxfordbiblicalstudies.com/article/book/obso-9780192835253/obso-9780192835253-chapter-3 |access-date= 5 September 2021}}</ref> Many hypotheses presented by scholars as to its origins agree that it developed over a long period of time, reaching its present form during the [[Yehud Medinata|Persian Period]], from 538 to 332 BC, although this is disputed.

Most of its chapters (1–7, 11–27) consist of [[Yahweh|God]]'s speeches to [[Moses]], which he tells Moses to repeat to the Israelites. This takes place within the story of the Israelites' [[The Exodus|Exodus]] after they escaped Egypt and reached [[Biblical Mount Sinai|Mount Sinai]] (Exodus 19:1). The [[Book of Exodus]] narrates how Moses led the Israelites in building the [[Tabernacle]] (Exodus 35–40) with God's instructions (Exodus 25–31). In Leviticus, God tells the Israelites and their priests, [[Aaron]] and his sons, how to make offerings in the Tabernacle and how to conduct themselves while camped around the holy tent sanctuary. Leviticus takes place during the month or month-and-a-half between the completion of the Tabernacle (Exodus 40:17) and the Israelites' departure from Sinai (Numbers 1:1, 10:11).

The instructions of Leviticus emphasize ritual, legal, and moral practices rather than beliefs. Nevertheless, they reflect the world view of the creation story in Genesis 1 that God wishes to live with humans. The book teaches that faithful performance of the sanctuary rituals can make that possible, so long as the people avoid [[sin]] and impurity whenever possible. The rituals, especially the sin and guilt offerings, provide the means to gain forgiveness for sins (Leviticus 4–5) and [[ritual purification|purification]] from impurities (Leviticus 11–16) so that God can continue to live in the Tabernacle in the midst of the people.<ref>Gorman, pp. 4–5, 14–16</ref>

== Title ==
[[File:4Q120 frg20.jpg|thumb|[[4Q120]], a Greek manuscript of Leviticus from the 1st century BCE]]
The English name Leviticus comes from the Latin {{lang|la|Leviticus}}, which is in turn from the {{langx|grc|Λευιτικόν}}<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Leviticus |volume=16 |page=515}}</ref> ({{transliteration|grc|Leuitikon}}), referring to the priestly tribe of the Israelites, '[[Tribe of Levi|Levi]]'. The Greek expression is in turn a variant of the [[rabbi]]nic [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] {{transliteration|hbo|torat kohanim}},{{sfn|Berlin|Brettler|2014|p=193}} 'law of priests', as many of its laws relate to priests.<ref>''[[Hezekiah ben Manoah]]'' (Chizkuni), closing notes to Leviticus</ref>

In Hebrew the book is called {{transliteration|he|Vayikra}} ({{langx|he|וַיִּקְרָא}}), [[incipit|from the opening of the book]], {{transliteration|he|va-yikra}} "And He <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[God in Judaism|God]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> called."{{sfn|Berlin|Brettler|2014|p=193}}

==Structure==
The outlines from commentaries are similar, though not identical; compare those of Wenham, Hartley, Milgrom, and Watts.<ref>Wenham, pp. 3–4</ref><ref>Hartley, pp. vii–viii</ref><ref>Milgrom (1991), pp. v–x</ref><ref>Watts (2013), pp. 12–20</ref>

*Laws on sacrifice (chapters 1:1–7:38)
**Instructions for the laity on bringing offerings (1:1–6:7)
***The types of offering: burnt, cereal, peace, purification, reparation (or sin) offerings (chapters 1–5)
**Instructions for the priests (6:1–7:38)
***The various offerings, with the addition of the priests' cereal offering (6:1–7:36)
***Summary (7:37–38)
*Institution of the priesthood (8:1–10:20)
**Ordination of Aaron and his sons (chapter 8)
**Aaron makes the first sacrifices (chapter 9)
**Judgement on [[Nadab and Abihu]] (chapter 10)
*Uncleanliness and its treatment (11:1–15:33)
**[[Unclean animal|Unclean animals]] (chapter 11)
**Childbirth as a source of uncleanliness (chapter 12)
**Unclean diseases (chapter 13)
**Cleansing of diseases (chapter 14)
**Unclean discharges (chapter 15)
*Day of Atonement: purification of the tabernacle from the effects of uncleanliness and sin (chapter 16)
*Prescriptions for practical holiness (the [[Holiness Code]], chapters 17–26)
**Sacrifice and food (chapter 17)
**Sexual behaviour (chapter 18)
**Neighbourliness (chapter 19)
**Grave crimes (chapter 20)
**Rules for priests (chapter 21)
**Rules for eating sacrifices (chapter 22)
**Festivals (chapter 23)
**Rules for the tabernacle (chapter 24:1–9)
**Blasphemy (chapter 24:10–23)
**Sabbatical and Jubilee years (chapter 25)
**Exhortation to obey the law: blessing and curse (chapter 26)
*Redemption of votive gifts (chapter 27)

==Summary==
[[File:Book of Leviticus, Mikraot Gdolot, Warsaw edition, 1860, Page 1.jpg|thumb|Vaikro – Book of Leviticus, Warsaw edition, 1860, page 1]]

Chapters 1–5 describe the various sacrifices from the sacrificers' point of view, although the priests are essential for handling the blood. Chapters 6–7 go over much the same ground, but from the point of view of the priest, who, as the one actually carrying out the sacrifice and dividing the "portions", needs to know how to do it. Sacrifices are between God, the priest, and the offers, although in some cases the entire sacrifice is a single portion to God—i.e., burnt to ashes.<ref>Grabbe (2006), p. 208</ref>

Chapters 8–10 describe how [[Moses]] consecrates [[Aaron]] and his sons as the first priests, the first sacrifices, and God's destruction of two of Aaron's sons for ritual offenses. The purpose is to underline the character of altar priesthood (i.e., those priests with power to offer sacrifices to God) as an [[Kohen|Aaronite]] privilege, and the responsibilities and dangers of their position.<ref name="Kugler, Hartin, p.82">Kugler, Hartin, p. 82</ref>

With sacrifice and priesthood established, chapters 11–15 instruct the lay people on purity (or cleanliness). Eating [[Unclean animal|certain animals]] produces uncleanliness, as does [[Childbirth|giving birth]]; certain [[Leprosy|skin diseases]] (but not all) are unclean, as are certain conditions affecting walls and clothing ([[mildew]] and similar conditions); and unusual bodily discharges, including [[Menstruation|female menses]] and [[Nocturnal emission|male emissions]] ([[gonorrhea]]), are unclean. The reasoning behind the food rules are obscure; for the rest the guiding principle seems to be that all these conditions involve a loss of "life force", usually but not always blood.<ref>Kugler, Hartin, pp. 82–83</ref>

Chapter 16 concerns the [[Day of Atonement]] (though that phrase appears first in 23:27). This is the only day on which the High Priest is to enter the holiest part of the sanctuary, the [[holy of holies]]. He is to sacrifice a bull for the sins of the priests, and a goat for the sins of the laypeople. The priest is to send a second goat into the desert to "[[Azazel]]", bearing the sins of the whole people. Azazel's identity is unknown, with some Christian tradition linking him to a fallen angel, older English Bible translations like the [[King James Version]] translating it as "a scapegoat".<ref>Kugler, Hartin, p. 83</ref>

Chapters 17–26 are the [[Holiness code]]. It begins with a prohibition on all unauthorized ritual slaughter of animals, and then prohibits a long list of sexual contacts and also child sacrifice. The "holiness" injunctions which give the code its name begin with the next section: there are penalties for the worship of [[Molech]], consulting mediums and wizards, cursing one's parents and engaging in unlawful sex. Priests receive instruction on mourning rituals and acceptable bodily defects. The punishment for blasphemy is death, and there is the setting of rules for eating sacrifices; there is an explanation of the calendar, and there are rules for sabbatical and [[Jubilee (biblical)|Jubilee]] years; there are rules for oil lamps and bread in the sanctuary; and there are rules for [[The Bible and slavery|slavery]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Leviticus|25|HE}}</ref> The code ends by telling the Israelites they must choose between the law and prosperity on the one hand, or, on the other, horrible punishments, the worst of which will be expulsion from the land.<ref>Kugler, Hartin, pp. 83–84</ref>

Chapter 27 is a disparate and probably late addition telling about persons and things serving as dedication to the Lord and how one can redeem, instead of fulfill, vows.<ref>Kugler, Hartin, p. 84</ref>

==Composition==
[[Image:Tabernacle Camp.jpg|thumb|The [[Tabernacle]] and the Camp (19th-century drawing)]]

The majority of scholars have concluded that the Pentateuch received its final form during the Persian period (538–332 BC).<ref>Newsom, p.26</ref> Nevertheless, Leviticus had a long period of growth before reaching that form.<ref name="Grabbe 1998, p.92">Grabbe (1998), p. 92</ref>

The entire composition of the book of Leviticus is [[Priestly source|Priestly]] literature.<ref>Levine (2006), p. 11</ref> Most scholars see chapters 1–16 (the [[Priestly code]]) and chapters 17–26 (the [[Holiness code]]) as the work of two related schools, but while the Holiness material employs the same technical terms as the Priestly code, it broadens their meaning from pure ritual to the theological and moral, turning the ritual of the Priestly code into a model for the relationship of Israel to Yahweh: as the tabernacle, which is apart from uncleanliness, becomes holy by the presence of Yahweh, so he will dwell among Israel when Israel receives purification (becomes holy) and separates from other peoples.<ref>Houston, p. 102</ref> The ritual instructions in the Priestly code apparently grew from priests giving instruction and answering questions about ritual matters; the Holiness code (or H) used to be a separate document, later becoming part of Leviticus, but it seems better to think of the Holiness authors as editors who worked with the Priestly code and actually produced Leviticus as is now extant.<ref>Houston, pp. 102–03</ref>

== Themes ==

===Sacrifice and ritual===
Many scholars argue that the rituals of Leviticus have a theological meaning concerning Israel's relationship with its God. [[Jacob Milgrom]] was especially influential in spreading this view. He maintained that the priestly regulations in Leviticus expressed a rational system of theological thought. The writers expected them to be put into practice in Israel's temple, so the rituals would express this theology as well, as well as ethical concern for the poor.<ref>Milgrom (2004), pp. 8–16.</ref> Milgrom also argued that the book's purity regulations (chapters 11–15) have a basis in ethical thinking.<ref>Milgrom (1991), pp. 704–41.</ref> Many other interpreters have followed Milgrom in exploring the theological and ethical implications of Leviticus's regulations (e.g., Marx, Balentine), though some have questioned how systematic they really are.<ref>Watts (2013), pp. 40–54.</ref> Ritual, therefore, is not taking a series of actions for their own sake, but a means of maintaining the relationship between God, the world, and humankind.<ref>Balentine (1999) p. 150</ref>

===Kehuna (Jewish priesthood)===
{{main|Kohen}}

The main function of the priests is service at the altar, and only the sons of [[Aaron]] are priests in the full sense.<ref>Grabbe (2006), p. 211</ref> (Ezekiel also distinguishes between altar-priests and lower Levites, but in Ezekiel the altar-priests are sons of Zadok instead of sons of Aaron; many scholars see this as a remnant of struggles between different priestly factions in First Temple times, finding resolution by the Second Temple into a hierarchy of Aaronite altar-priests and lower-level Levites, including singers, gatekeepers and the like.)<ref>Grabbe (2006), p. 211 (fn. 11)</ref>

In chapter 10, God kills [[Nadab and Abihu]], the oldest sons of Aaron, for offering "strange incense". Aaron has two sons left. Commentators have read various messages in the incident: a reflection of struggles between priestly factions in the post-Exilic period (Gerstenberger); or a warning against offering incense outside the Temple, where there might be the risk of invoking strange gods (Milgrom). In any case, there has been a pollution of the sanctuary by the bodies of the two dead priests, leading into the next theme, holiness.<ref>Houston, p. 110</ref>

===Uncleanliness and purity===
Ritual purity is essential for an Israelite to be able to approach Yahweh and remain part of the community.<ref name="Kugler, Hartin, p.82"/> Uncleanliness threatens holiness;<ref>Davies, Rogerson, p. 101</ref> chapters 11–15 review the various causes of uncleanliness and describe the rituals which will restore cleanliness;<ref>Marx, p. 104</ref> one is to maintain cleanliness through observation of the rules on sexual behaviour, family relations, land ownership, worship, sacrifice, and observance of holy days.<ref name="Balentine 2002, p.8">Balentine (2002), p. 8</ref>

[[Yahweh]] dwells with Israel in the [[Tabernacle]]. All of the priestly ritual focuses on Yahweh and the construction and maintenance of a holy space, but sin generates impurity, as do everyday events such as childbirth and [[menstruation]]; impurity pollutes the holy dwelling place. Failure to purify the sacred space ritually could result in God's leaving, which would be disastrous.<ref>Gorman, pp. 10–11</ref>

=== Infectious diseases in chapter 13 ===
In chapter 13, God instructs Moses and Aaron on how to identify infectious diseases and deal with them accordingly. The translators and interpreters of the Hebrew Bible in various languages have never reached a consensus on these infectious diseases, or {{transliteration|hbo|[[tzaraath]]}} ({{lang|hbo|צרעת}}), and the translation and interpretation of the scriptures are not known for certain. The most common translation is that these infectious diseases are [[leprosy]];<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=studylight.org|title=Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable Leviticus13|url=https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/dcc/leviticus-13.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813024700/https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/dcc/leviticus-13.html|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=biblestudytools.com|title=Encyclopedias – International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Tetter|url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/tetter/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003234904/http://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/tetter/|archive-date=3 October 2014|access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref> however, what is described in chapter 13 does not represent a typical manifestation of leprosy. Modern dermatology shows that many of the infectious diseases in chapter 13 were likely [[Dermatophytosis|dermatophytoses]], a group of highly contagious skin diseases.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Kathryn P Trayes, Katherine Savage, James S Studdiford|title=Annular Lesions: Diagnosis and Treatment,Am Fam Physician.2018 Sep 1;98(5):283–291.|url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0901/afp20180901p283.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027075215/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0901/afp20180901p283.pdf|archive-date=27 October 2020|access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref>

The infectious disease of the chin described in verses 29–37 seems to be [[Tinea barbae]] in men or [[Tinea faciei]] in women; the infectious disease described in verses 29–37 (as resulting in hair loss and eventual baldness) seems to be [[Tinea capitis]] ([[Favus]]). Verses 1–17 seem to describe [[Tinea corporis]].

The Hebrew word {{transliteration|hbo|bohaq}} in verses 38–39 is translated as '[[tetter]]' or '[[freckle]]s',<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> likely because translators did not know what it meant at the time, and thus, translated it incorrectly. Later translations identify it as talking about [[vitiligo]]; however, vitiligo is not an infectious disease. The disease, described as healing itself and leaving white patches after infection,{{citation needed|reason=verse needed|date=March 2022}} is likely to be [[Tinea versicolor|pityriasis versicolor]] (tinea versicolor).<ref name=":2" /> ''Tetter'' originally referred to an outbreak, which later evolved meaning ringworm-like lesions. Therefore, a common name for [[Athlete's foot|Tinea pedis]] (athlete's foot) was Cantlie's foot tetter.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Homei, A.; Worboys, M.|title=Fungal Disease in Britain and the United States 1850–2000: Mycoses and Modernity. Springer. 2013-11-11: 44. ISBN 978-1-137-37702-9|date=11 November 2013|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-37702-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVDyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA44}}</ref> In addition, verses 18–23 describe infections after [[Scalding|scald]], and verses 24–28 describe infections after [[burn]].

===Atonement===
[[File:William Holman Hunt - The Scapegoat.jpg|thumb|''[[The Scapegoat (painting)|The Scapegoat]]'' (1854 painting by [[William Holman Hunt]])]]

Through sacrifice, the priest "makes atonement" for sin and the offeror receives forgiveness (but only if Yahweh accepts the sacrifice).<ref>Houston, p. 106</ref> Atonement rituals involve the pouring or sprinkling of blood as the symbol of the life of the victim: the blood has the power to wipe out or absorb the sin.<ref name="Houston107">Houston, p. 107</ref> The two-part division of the book structurally reflects the role of atonement: chapters 1–16 call for the establishment of the institution for atonement, and chapters 17–27 call for the life of the atoned community in holiness.<ref>Knierim, p. 114</ref>

===Holiness===
The consistent theme of chapters 17–26 is in the repetition of the phrase, "Be holy, for I the Lord your God am holy."<ref name="Balentine 2002, p.8"/> Holiness in ancient Israel and the Hebrew Bible had a different meaning than in contemporary usage: it might have been regarded as the essence of Yahweh, an invisible but physical and potentially dangerous force.<ref>Rodd, p. 7</ref> Specific objects, or even days, can be holy, but they derive holiness from being connected with Yahweh—the seventh day, the tabernacle, and the priests all derive their holiness from him.<ref>Brueggemann, p. 99</ref> As a result, Israel had to maintain its own holiness in order to live safely alongside God.<ref>Rodd, p. 8</ref>

The need for holiness is for the possession of the Promised Land ([[Canaan]]), where the Jews will become a holy people: "You shall not do as they do in the land of Egypt where you dwelt, and you shall not do as they do in the land of Canaan to which I am bringing you{{nbsp}}[...] You shall do my ordinances and keep my statutes{{nbsp}}[...] I am the Lord, your God." (Leviticus 18:3).<ref>Clines, p.56</ref>

== Subsequent tradition ==
[[File:Temple Scroll.png|thumb|Portion of the [[Temple Scroll]]]]

Leviticus, as part of the Torah, became the law book of Jerusalem's [[Second Temple]] as well as of the Samaritan temple. Its influence is evident among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], which included fragments of seventeen manuscripts of Leviticus dating from the 3rd to the 1st centuries BC.<ref>Watts (2013), p. 10</ref> Many other Qumran scrolls cite the book, especially the [[Temple Scroll]] and [[4QMMT]].

Jews and Christians have not observed Leviticus's instructions for animal offerings since the 1st century AD, following the [[destruction of the Second Temple]] in Jerusalem in 70 AD. As there was no longer a Temple at which to offer animal sacrifices, Judaism pivoted towards prayer and the study of the Torah, eventually giving rise to [[Rabbinic Judaism]]. Nevertheless, Leviticus constitutes a major source of [[Jewish law]] and is traditionally the first book children learn in the Rabbinic system of education. There are two main [[Midrash]]im on Leviticus—the [[Halakha|halakhic one]] (Sifra) and a more [[aggada|aggadic]] one ([[Vayikra Rabbah]]).

The [[New Testament]], particularly the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]], uses ideas and images from Leviticus to describe Jesus as the high priest who offers his own blood as a [[sin offering]].<ref name="Houston107"/> Therefore, Christians do not make animal offerings either, because as Gordon Wenham summarized: "With the death of Christ the only sufficient 'burnt offering' was offered once and for all, and therefore the animal sacrifices which foreshadowed Christ's sacrifice were made obsolete."<ref>Wenham, p. 65</ref>

Christians generally [[Christian views on the old covenant|have the view]] that the [[New Covenant]] [[Supersessionism|supersedes]] the Old Testament's [[Law of Moses|ritual laws]], which includes some of the rules in Leviticus. Christians, therefore, do not usually follow Leviticus' rules regarding diet purity, and agriculture. Christian teachings have differed, however, as to where to draw the line between ritual and moral regulations.<ref>Watts (2013), pp. 77–86</ref> In ''[[Homilies on Leviticus]]'', the third century theologian, [[Origen]], expounded on the qualities of priests as models for Christians to be perfect in everything, strict, wise and to examine themselves individually, forgive sins, and convert [[sin]]ners (by words and by doctrine).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brattston |first1=David W. T. |title=Traditional Christian Ethics, Volume 2 |year=2014 |publisher=WestBow Press |page=156 |isbn=978-1-4908-5937-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKnOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA156}}</ref>

== Judaism's weekly Torah portions in the Book of Leviticus ==
{{main|Weekly Torah portion}}
[[File:YanovTorah.JPG|thumb|right|A Torah scroll and silver pointer ({{transliteration|he|[[yad]]}}) used in reading]]

For detailed contents, see:
* ''[[Vayikra (parsha)|Vayikra]]'', on Leviticus 1–5: Laws of the sacrifices
* ''[[Tzav (parsha)|Tzav]]'', on Leviticus 6–8: Sacrifices, ordination of the priests
* ''[[Shemini (parsha)|Shemini]]'', on Leviticus 9–11: Concecration of tabernacle, alien fire, dietary laws
* ''[[Tazria (parsha)|Tazria]]'', on Leviticus 12–13: Childbirth, skin disease, clothing
* ''[[Metzora (parsha)|Metzora]]'', on Leviticus 14–15: Skin disease, unclean houses, genital discharges
* ''[[Acharei Mot (parsha)|Acharei Mot]]'', on Leviticus 16–[[Leviticus 18|18]]: Yom Kippur, centralized offerings, sexual practices
* ''[[Kedoshim (parsha)|Kedoshim]]'', on [[Leviticus 19]]–20: Holiness, penalties for transgressions
* ''[[Emor (parsha)|Emor]]'', on Leviticus 21–24: Rules for priests, holy days, lights and bread, a blasphemer
* ''[[Behar (parsha)|Behar]]'', on Leviticus 25–25: Sabbatical year, debt servitude limited
* ''[[Bechukotai (parsha)|Bechukotai]]'', on Leviticus 26–27: Blessings and curses, payment of vows

==See also==
* [[613 commandments]]
* [[En-Gedi Scroll]]
* [[Liberty Bell]] – inscribed with a quotation from Leviticus

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==

===Translations of Leviticus===
*[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+1&version=NIV Leviticus] at Bible gateway

===Commentaries on Leviticus===
*{{Cite book|last=Balentine|first=Samuel E|title=Leviticus|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A399uVxU_RUC |isbn=978-0-664-23735-6}}
*[[Bernard Jacob Bamberger|Bamberger, Bernard Jacob]] The Torah: A Modern Commentary (1981), {{ISBN|978-0-8074-0055-5}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gerstenberger|first=Erhard S|title=Leviticus: A Commentary|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xs258sZfcUC |isbn=978-0-664-22673-2}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gorman|first=Frank H|title=Divine Presence and Community: A Commentary on the Book of Leviticus|publisher=Eerdmans|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwSMl8od4yAC |isbn=978-0-8028-0110-4}}
*{{Cite book|last=Grabbe|first=Lester|chapter=Leviticus|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCRYl9Ikk6EC&pg=PA105|editor=John Barton|title=Oxford Bible Commentary|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-19-875500-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordbiblecomme0000unse}}
*{{cite book|last1=Hartley|first1=John E.|title=Leviticus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgovQQAACAAJ |date=1992|publisher=Word|isbn=978-0-8499-0203-1}}
*{{Cite book|last=Houston|first=Walter J.|chapter=Leviticus|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA101 |editor=James D. G. Dunn, John William Rogerson|title=Eerdmans Bible Commentary|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0}}
*{{Cite book|last= Kleinig|first=John W|title=Leviticus|publisher=Concordia Publishing House|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTgRPQAACAAJ |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-570-06317-9}}
*{{cite book|last1=Levine|first1=Baruch A.|title=JPS Torah Commentary: Leviticus|url=http://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/product/JPS-Torah-Commentary-Leviticus,675358.aspx|date=1989|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805213823/http://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/product/JPS-Torah-Commentary-Leviticus,675358.aspx|archive-date=5 August 2016|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book|last=Milgrom|first=Jacob|title=Leviticus 1–16, Leviticus 17–22, Leviticus 23–27|url=http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300139402|date=1998–2001|publisher=Yale|location=New Haven}}
*{{cite book|last=Milgrom|first=Jacob|title=Leviticus: A Book of Ritual and Ethics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ep3XiyuinhMC|date=2004|publisher=Fortress|location=Minneapolis|isbn=978-1-4514-1015-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Watts|first=James W.|title=Leviticus 1–10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SY0nwEACAAJ |date=2013|publisher=Peeters|location=Leuven|isbn=978-90-429-2984-5}}
*{{Cite book|last=Wenham|first=Gordon|title=The Book of Leviticus|publisher=Eerdmans|year=1979|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SKlbar7-SkC |isbn=978-0-8028-2522-3}}

===General===
*{{Cite book|last=Balentine|first=Samuel E|title=The Torah's Vision of Worship|publisher=Fortress Press|year=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k94UhKBRbtQC |isbn=978-1-4514-1808-8}}
*{{Cite book|last=Bandstra|first=Barry L|title=Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible|publisher=Wadsworth|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRY9mTUZKJcC&pg=PA489 |isbn=978-0-495-39105-0}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yErYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT2 |title=Jewish Study Bible|last1=Berlin|first1=Adele|last2=Brettler|first2=Marc Zvi|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997846-5|edition=2 Rev ed. (November 2014)|location=[S.l.]}}
*{{Cite book|last=Brueggemann|first=Walter|title=Reverberations of Faith: A Theological Handbook of Old Testament Themes|publisher=Westminster John Knox|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dBJQ71RIpdMC |isbn=978-0-664-22231-4}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Campbell|first1=Antony F|last2=O'Brien|first2=Mark A|title=Sources of the Pentateuch: Texts, Introductions, Annotations|publisher=Fortress Press|year=1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cwhICpcHBsQC&pg=PR3 |isbn=978-1-4514-1367-0}}
*{{Cite book|last=Clines|first=David A|title=The Theme of the Pentateuch|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z45ullcFRG8C |isbn=978-0-567-43196-7}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Davies|first1=Philip R|last2=Rogerson|first2=John W|title=The Old Testament World|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_Bdi0gLthMC |isbn=978-0-664-23025-8}}
*{{Cite book|last=Dawes|first=Gregory W|title=Introduction to the Bible|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UX9RsDHKp7wC |isbn=978-0-8146-2835-5}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gilbert|first=Christopher|title=A Complete Introduction to the Bible|publisher=Paulist Press|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9XUv3KAVIUC |isbn=978-0-8091-4552-2}}
*{{Cite book|last=Grabbe|first=Lester|chapter=The priests in Leviticus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Vh1Ozo3QHMC |editor=Rolf Rendtorff, Robert A. Kugler|title=The Book of Leviticus: Composition and Reception|publisher=Brill|year=2006|isbn=978-90-04-12634-3}}
*{{Cite book|last=Greidanus|first=Sidney|title=Preaching Christ from Leviticus|publisher=Eerdmans Publishing|year=2021|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j5W_zQEACAAJ |isbn=978-0-8028-7602-7}}
*{{Cite book|last=Knierim|first=Rolf P|title=The Task of Old Testament Theology: Substance, Method, and Cases|publisher=Eerdmans|year=1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nE-xfAGv3ScC&pg=PA381 |isbn=978-0-8028-0715-1}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Kugler|first1=Robert|last2=Hartin|first2=Patrick|title=An Introduction to the Bible|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8WbXbPjxpoC |isbn=978-0-8028-4636-5}}
*{{Cite book|last=Levine|first=Baruch|chapter=Leviticus: Its Literary History and Location in Biblical Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Vh1Ozo3QHMC |editor=Rolf Rendtorff, Robert A. Kugler|title=The Book of Leviticus: Composition and Reception|publisher=Brill|year=2006|isbn=978-90-04-12634-3}}
*{{Cite book|last=Marx|first=Alfred|chapter=The Theology of the Sacrifice according to Leviticus 1–7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Vh1Ozo3QHMC |editor=Rolf Rendtorff, Robert A. Kugler|title=The Book of Leviticus: Composition and Reception|publisher=Brill|year=2006|isbn=978-90-04-12634-3}}
*{{Cite book|last=McDermott|first=John J|title=Reading the Pentateuch: A Historical Introduction|publisher=Pauline Press|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dkr7rVd3hAQC |isbn=978-0-8091-4082-4}}
*{{Cite book|last=Newsom|first=Carol Ann|title=The Self as Symbolic Space: Constructing Identity and Community at Qumran|publisher=BRILL|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3g7dwFK81IC |isbn=978-90-04-13803-2}}
*{{cite book|last1=Nihan|first1=Christophe|title=From Priestly Torah to Pentateuch: A Study in the Composition of the Book of Leviticus|date=2007|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|location=Tuebingen|isbn=978-3-16-149257-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4YQwycUTJ-IC }}
*{{Cite book|last=Rodd|first=Cyril S|title=Glimpses of a Strange Land: Studies in Old Testament Ethics|publisher=T&T Clark|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvjCgYtcmMgC |isbn=978-0-567-08753-9}}
*{{Cite book|last=Rogerson|first=J.W.|title=Genesis 1–11|publisher=T&T Clark|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFle13pCS0wC |isbn=978-0-567-08338-8}}
*{{Cite book|last=Van Seters|first=John|chapter=The Pentateuch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owwhpmIVgSAC |editor=Steven L. McKenzie, Matt Patrick Graham|title=The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-664-25652-4}}
*{{Cite book|last=Ska|first=Jean-Louis|title=Introduction to Reading the Pentateuch|publisher=Eisenbrauns|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cdy67ZvzdkC |isbn=978-1-57506-122-1}}
*{{cite book|last1=Watts|first1=James W.|title=Ritual and Rhetoric in Leviticus: From Sacrifice to Scripture|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-521-87193-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egzFkPKmvvQC }}
*{{Cite book|last=Wenham|first=Gordon|title=Exploring the Old Testament: The Pentateuch|publisher=SPCK|year=2003}}

==External links==
{{wikisource|Leviticus (Bible)}}
{{commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
Online versions of Leviticus:

*[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]:
** [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0301.htm Leviticus at Mechon-Mamre] (Jewish Publication Society translation)
** [http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=3&CHAPTER=1 Leviticus (The Living Torah)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305181541/http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=3&CHAPTER=1 |date=5 March 2005 }} Rabbi [[Aryeh Kaplan]]'s translation and commentary at Ort.org
** [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=8162 Vayikra–Levitichius (Judaica Press)] translation [with [[Rashi]]'s commentary] at Chabad.org
** [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0301.htm ויקרא ''Vayikra''–Leviticus] ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]–English at Mechon-Mamre.org)
* [[Christianity|Christian]] translations:
**{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100717115307/http://www.catholic-saints.net/catholic-bible/leviticus.php The Book of Leviticus, Douay Rheims Version, with Bishop Challoner Commentaries]}}
**[http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Leviticus+1 ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] ([[King James Version]])
**[http://bible-book.org/en/pentateuch/leviticus ''Online Audio and Classic Bible'' at Bible-Book.org] ([[King James Version]])
** [http://bible.oremus.org/?ql=56782100 ''oremus Bible Browser''] ([[New Revised Standard Version]])
** [http://bible.oremus.org/?ql=56782135 ''oremus Bible Browser''] (''Anglicized'' [[New Revised Standard Version]])
** {{librivox book | title=Leviticus}} Various versions

Related article:
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=301&letter=L&search=Leviticus Book of Leviticus article] (Jewish Encyclopedia)
* [http://chaver.com/Torah/The%20Literary%20Structure%20of%20Leviticus%20(TBH).pdf?artid=301&letter=L&search=Leviticus The Literary Structure of Leviticus] (chaver.com)

Brief introduction
* [http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/download_group10629_id370999.pdf Leviticus]

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou | [[Torah|Pentateuch]]|||}}
{{s-bef | before= [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] | rows = 2 }}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]] }}
{{s-aft | after = [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]] | rows= 2 }}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Old Testament]] }}
{{s-end}}
{{Book of Leviticus}}
{{Books of the Bible}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Book Of Leviticus}}
[[Category:Book of Leviticus| ]]
[[Category:7th-century BC books]]
[[Category:6th-century BC books]]
[[Category:5th-century BC books]]
[[Category:4th-century BC books]]
[[Category:Tabernacle and Temples in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Torah books|3]]
[[Category:The Exodus|Leviticus]]

21 at 33

2025-06-12T21:46:26Z

80.192.231.72:

{{good article}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox album
| name = 21 at 33
| type = studio
| artist = [[Elton John]]
| cover = Album 21 at 33.jpg
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = 23 May 1980
| recorded = August 1979–March 1980<ref name=liner>{{cite AV media notes |title=21 at 33 |publisher=MCA Records |date=13 May 1980 |type=liner notes}}</ref>
| venue =
| studio = {{hlist|Super Bear ([[Nice]])|[[Rumbo Recorders|Rumbo]] ([[Los Angeles]]){{efn|Choir on "[[Dear God (Elton John song)|Dear God]]"}}|[[Sunset Sound Recorders|Sunset Sound]] (Los Angeles){{efn|"White Lady White Powder" and all overdubs}}}}
| genre = [[Rock music|Rock]]<ref name=tucker>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/21-at-33-184552/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=21 at 33 |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=23 May 1980 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref>
| length = 42:53
| label = {{hlist|[[MCA Records|MCA]]|[[The Rocket Record Company|Rocket]]}}
| producer = {{hlist|[[Elton John]]|Clive Franks}}
| prev_title = [[Victim of Love (Elton John album)|Victim of Love]]
| prev_year = 1979
| next_title = [[The Fox (Elton John album)|The Fox]]
| next_year = 1981
| misc = {{Singles
| type = studio
| single1 = [[Little Jeannie]]
| single1date = April 1980<ref name=jeannie>{{cite magazine |date=3 May 1980 |magazine=Billboard |title=Billboard Singles Radio Action |page=20 |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1980/BB-1980-05-03.pdf |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref>
| single2 = [[Sartorial Eloquence (Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?)]]
| single2date = July 1980<ref name=rosenthal184>Rosenthal 2001, p. 184</ref>
| single3 = [[Dear God (Elton John song)|Dear God]]
| single3date = November 1980<ref name=rosenthal189>Rosenthal 2001, p. 189</ref>
}}
}}

'''''21 at 33''''' is the fourteenth studio album by British musician [[Elton John]]. It was released on 23 May 1980, through [[MCA Records]] in the US and [[The Rocket Record Company]] in all other territories. The album was co-produced by John and Clive Franks, and was primarily recorded in August 1979 at Super Bear Studios in [[Nice, France]]. The record was the first since ''[[Blue Moves]]'' (1976) to feature lyrics written by [[Bernie Taupin]] (who contributed to three songs), while John also continued to collaborate with other lyricists, including [[Gary Osborne]] and [[Tom Robinson]]. Contributors to the album include members of [[Toto (band)|Toto]] and the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]], as well as [[Dee Murray]] and [[Nigel Olsson]], marking their first appearance on an Elton John album since ''[[Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy]]'' (1975).

The title ''21 at 33'' was chosen as it was John's 21st album release overall and came out when he was 33 years old.{{efn|While Elton had only released fourteen studio albums at this time, this number also takes into account other releases such as live albums and compilations.}}<ref name=parkinson117>Parkinson 2003, p. 117</ref> Upon release, the album was a moderate success, reaching the top 20 on both the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] and the UK Albums Chart and proving far more successful than his previous effort ''[[Victim of Love (Elton John album)|Victim of Love]]'' (1979). The record's lead single, "[[Little Jeannie]]", peaked at number three on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], while it stalled at number 33 on the [[UK singles chart]]. Critical reception was relatively warm, although some criticized the record as inconsistent and lacking cohesion. To promote the album, John embarked on a [[1980 World Tour|tour of North America and Oceania]], including a free concert in [[Central Park]]. ''21 at 33'' has since been certified Gold by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for US sales in excess of 500,000 copies.

==Background==

After the release of ''[[Blue Moves]]'' in 1976, Elton John and [[Bernie Taupin]] put their partnership on hold, with the both of them working with other acts.<ref name=park110>Parkinson 2003, p. 110</ref> On ''[[A Single Man (album)|A Single Man]]'' (1978), John would collaborate with lyricist [[Gary Osborne]] for the first time, while Taupin co-wrote [[Alice Cooper]]'s 1978 album ''[[From the Inside (Alice Cooper album)|From the Inside]]''.<ref name=park110111>Parkinson 2003, p. 110-111</ref> While John's albums still sold well, his new releases did not match the success of his early-1970s work, with ''A Single Man'' only reaching number 8 on the [[UK Albums Chart]] and number 15 on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref name=buckley253>Buckley 2013, p. 253</ref> In 1979, John would release the album ''[[Victim of Love (Elton John album)|Victim of Love]]'', a move into [[disco (genre)|disco]] on which he did not compose or play piano on any of the material, providing only vocals.<ref name=park116>Parkinson 2003, p. 116</ref> The album was a flop, receiving the worst reviews of his career and stalling at number 35 in the US and number 41 in the UK.<ref name=park116/><ref name=buckley253254>Buckley 2013, p. 253-254</ref> Also in 1979, John travelled to the [[Soviet Union]] to play a [[Elton John's 1979 tour of the Soviet Union|series of concerts]] with percussionist [[Ray Cooper]].<ref name=ussr>{{cite web |url=https://www.eltonjohn.com/stories/eltons-1979-tour-of-the-ussr-a-look-back |website=Elton John |title=Elton's 1979 Tour of the USSR – A Look Back |date=11 April 2019 |access-date=14 August 2024 |last=Higgins |first=John}}</ref>

==Writing and recording==

[[File:Tom Robinson London Pride 2019 (cropped2).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|alt=Glad to be Gay - Tom Robinson at the point of the lyric 'this way'|''21 at 33'' contained John's first collaborations with singer-songwriter [[Tom Robinson]] (pictured here in 2019).]]
The writing of ''21 at 33'' marked the beginning of a tentative reunion between John and Taupin. The majority of the album's material was written in August 1979 in [[Grasse]], [[France]], to which John invited Taupin and his wife to join him.<ref name=rosen178>Rosenthal 2001, p. 178</ref> John and Taupin wrote ten songs together during this period, three of which would appear on the album.<ref name=rosen178/> In addition to Taupin, John continued to write with Osborne, as well as with two new collaborators, [[Tom Robinson]] and [[Judie Tzuke]].<ref name=rosen178/> Robinson had already found success with his [[Tom Robinson Band]] and hits such as "[[2-4-6-8 Motorway]]" (1977) and the [[gay pride]] anthem "[[Glad to Be Gay]]" (1978),<ref name="buckley261" /> while Tzuke was a [[The Rocket Record Company|Rocket]] signee who had a UK top 20 hit with "[[Stay with Me till Dawn]]" in 1979.<ref>Tobler 1995, p. 120</ref> At one point, John considered making ''21 at 33'' a [[double album]], though it was ultimately reduced to a single due to Clive Franks' belief that there was not a sufficient amount of quality material for a double.<ref name=buckley262>Buckley 2013, p. 262</ref> Most of the basic tracks for the album were recorded at Super Bear Studios in [[Nice]] in August 1979, while overdubs, as well as the track "White Lady White Powder", were recorded at [[Sunset Sound Recorders]] in early 1980.<ref name=liner/><ref name=park117>Parkinson 2003, p. 117</ref> Additionally, a choir was recorded for "[[Dear God (Elton John song)|Dear God]]" at [[Rumbo Recorders]] in February 1980.<ref name=liner/> Technical problems marred the sessions in Nice; in ''Elton: The Biography'' by David Buckley, co-producer Clive Franks recalls an incident in which a mixing console ignited on fire.<ref name=buckley258259>Buckley 2013, p. 258-259</ref>

Musicians on the album included [[Nigel Olsson]] and [[Dee Murray]], both of whom made their first appearance on an Elton John album in five years.<ref name=rosen178/> Other musicians appearing on the album include guitarists [[Steve Lukather]] (of [[Toto (band)|Toto]]) and [[Richie Zito]], as well as [[Don Henley]], [[Timothy B. Schmit]] and [[Glenn Frey]], all members of the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]], who contributed backing vocals to "White Lady White Powder".<ref name=rosen177>Rosenthal 2001, p. 177</ref><ref name=rosen180>Rosenthal 2001, p. 180</ref> Olsson's involvement in recording began when he was invited to Sunset Sound to overdub a drum track on "[[Little Jeannie]]", as John (who, at one point, considered scrapping the song entirely) was unsatisfied with the original drum part performed by [[Alvin Taylor]].<ref name=buckley260>Buckley 2013, p. 260</ref> As Murray was living in [[Los Angeles]] at the time, he was also called in to contribute to the track, on which he provided backing vocals.<ref name=liner/><ref name=buckley261>Buckley 2013, p. 261</ref> Olsson and Murray would also end up providing the rhythm section for "White Lady White Powder", the last track recorded for the album.<ref name=liner/> Judie Tzuke's contribution to the album was its closing track, "Give Me the Love". John sent Tzuke the music as well as the title, and she wrote a large amount of lyrics, telling him to "use whatever [he] like[d]."<ref name=buckley261/> Tom Robinson's contributions consisted of "[[Sartorial Eloquence (Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?)|Sartorial Eloquence]]" (released as the album's second single) and "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again".<ref name=rosen181>Rosenthal 2001, p. 181</ref>

==Composition==

In contrast with the previous year's ''Victim of Love'', ''21 at 33'' sees John return to a more conventional [[Pop music|pop]] and [[Rock music|rock]] sound. Judy Parkinson, author of ''Elton: Made in England'', describes the album as having a "contemporary [[electronic music|electronic]] sound" due to its use of synthesizers and electric piano.<ref name=park117/> The album opens with "Chasing the Crown", a John–Taupin composition.<ref name=liner/> Elizabeth Rosenthal, author of ''His Song: The Musical Journey of Elton John'', notes elements of [[gospel music|gospel]] present within the song, combined with "the loud colors of rock aggression".<ref name=rosen179>Rosenthal 2001, p. 179</ref> Additionally, she describes John's piano part as a "scaled-down adaptation of some of the peppery chord patterns he had incorporated into "[[I Heard It Through the Grapevine|[I Heard It Through the] Grapevine]]" during his 1979 world tour", while "the melodious screeching of [[Steve Lukather]]'s guitar sifts through the chords."<ref name=rosen179/> Lyrically, Rosenthal considers the song to be a "close lyrical cousin" to "[[Sympathy for the Devil]]" (1968) by [[the Rolling Stones]], with both songs being "engaging puzzles in which the listener is invited to identify a culprit who has caused conflict and misery."<ref name=rosen179/> "Little Jeannie" is a midtempo ballad<ref name=tucker/> which Buckley believes shares similarities to John's earlier hit "[[Daniel (Elton John song)|Daniel]]" (1973).<ref name=buckley259>Buckley 2013, p. 259</ref> The song was written with Osborne, who has described its lyrics as portraying "a girl who was beautiful but didn't realise her own worth, a woman who would sleep around because of her low self-esteem."<ref name=buckley260>Buckley 2013, p. 260</ref> Rosenthal describes "Little Jeannie" as a song "about love of a higher order, sung from the perspective of a man without the most pristine values, whose life has been transformed by the pure and idealistic young Jeannie."<ref name=rosen180>Rosenthal 2001, p. 180</ref> Rather than playing the part himself, John had [[James Newton Howard]] provide the song's prominent [[Fender Rhodes]] electric piano, due to John feeling Newton Howard possessed better technique on the instrument.<ref name=rosen181>Rosenthal 2001, p. 181</ref> The song's coda, featuring Murray (among others) on backing vocals, contains a melody similar to that of "[[When I Need You]]", which had been a number one hit for [[Leo Sayer]] in 1977.<ref name=rosen181/>

Rosenthal describes "Sartorial Eloquence", the first of two John–Robinson songs on the album,<ref name=liner/> as an "expression of homosexual longing" with the "object of affection" being a "stylishly dressed, emotionally unrevealing man, who prefers to leave an intense affair for other pleasures down the road."<ref name=rosen181/> The song begins with a spare arrangement consisting solely of John's voice and piano, before "grow[ing] in volume and despondency" with the introduction of additional musicians and vocalists, climaxing with a chorus of "don't you wanna play this game no more?"<ref name=rosen181/> Rosenthal interprets the song's sudden ending as representing "the departure of the well-dressed man for untapped wells of excitement."<ref name=rosen181/> "Two Rooms at the End of the World" was written with Taupin and comments on the nature of his and John's partnership.<ref name=buckley261>Buckley 2013, p. 261</ref> Its title refers to the duo's unique tendency to write in different locations, rather than collaborating together, and asserts that despite their break, their relationship remained strong, with Buckley stating the song's main theme is that "the distance that separated them was a physical, not emotional one."<ref name=buckley261/> Shana Naomi Krochmal of ''[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]'' describes the track as "an epic assertion of Bernie and Elton's lifelong partnership, break be damned."<ref name=vulture>{{cite web |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/elton-john-songs-ranked-from-worst-to-best.html |website=Vulture |title=All 378 Elton John Songs, Ranked |last=Krochmal |first=Shana Naomi |date=22 June 2023 |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref> The song features John on electric piano and Lukather on guitar, while the instrumentation continues to build throughout the song, including the addition of a brass arrangement by [[Jim Horn]] and multiple layers of overdubbed backing vocals.<ref name=rosen179/>

"White Lady White Powder", which opens side two, is the third and final John–Taupin song on the album.<ref name=liner/> The lyrics were written about John's drug addiction, with John later stating: "Sometimes the lyrics he gave me were quite pointed. You didn't have to be a genius to work out what he was driving at when he sent me a song called 'White Lady White Powder.{{'-}}"<ref name=variety>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/elton-john-book-me-memoir-most-fascinating-moments-1203373073/ |website=Variety |title=Recappin' Fantastic: The Most Fascinating Reveals From Elton John's Memoir |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=16 October 2019 |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref> He also remarked that he "had the brass balls to sing it as if was about someone else."<ref name=variety/> Rosenthal notes that the lyrics "itemize the reasons Elton himself had grown fond of the drug", while also calling the track "an exercise in irony" due to music which she likens to "a jolly [[nursery rhyme]], complete with happy piano chords just right for frolicking children."<ref name=rosen180/> Henley, Frey, and Schmidt provide backing vocals on the song.<ref name=liner/><ref name=rosen180/> "Dear God" features choir vocals performed by, among others, [[Bruce Johnston]] of [[the Beach Boys]] and [[Toni Tennille]].<ref name=liner/> Rosenthal notes its lyrics as conflicting with John's "religious skepticism", while also opining that the song "sounds not only right for church, but as if it had already been played to death for decades."<ref name=rosen180/> Krochmal describes the track as "a musically beautiful ballad that makes almost no sense in the context of Elton John's life in 1980."<ref name=vulture/>

Rosenthal believes that "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again", the album's second co-write with Robinson, starts off describing "someone half-seriously lamenting an overabundance of casual infatuation with members of the opposite sex."<ref name=rosen181/> However, she notes a "clever twist" within the second verse, which "uncovers the sexual orientation of the protagonist's infatuations" with the line "{{-'}}Cause everywhere there's lots of foxes / and every cat I meet's a Tom".<ref name=rosen181/> The vocal delivery is described as fitting of a "love ballad", with an "intimate but slippery" melody.<ref name=rosen181/> "Take Me Back" is a [[country music|country]]-influenced song with John using a [[Wurlitzer electronic piano|Wurlitzer]] electric piano and [[Byron Berline]] guesting on fiddle.<ref name=rosen180/> Rosenthal notes the use of "Elton's best cowboy voice, complete with minute vocal flips and the pointiest vocal twang probably ever heard in Nice."<ref name=rosen180/> "Give Me the Love", the album closer and the only track written with Tzuke is, according to Rosenthal, suggestive of a "mini love epic in musical form".<ref name=rosen181/> She likens the track to John's earlier single "[[Philadelphia Freedom (song)|Philadelphia Freedom]]" (1975), as they both "combine the lilt of [[soul music|soul]] with the infectious beat of a disco number and the immediacy of rock."<ref name=rosen182>Rosenthal 2001, p. 182</ref>

==Release and reception==

"Little Jeannie" was released as the album's lead single in April 1980.<ref name=jeannie/> The single debuted on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] on 3 May 1980 at number 65 before moving into the top 40 within its second week.<ref name=rosen183>Rosenthal 2001, p. 183</ref> By 7 June, the song entered the top 10 and reached its peak of number three the week of 19 July.<ref name=billboard>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/elton-john/chart-history/hsi/ |magazine=Billboard |title=Elton John Chart History |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref> This made it the highest-charting Elton John song to be co-written by Osborne, as well as John's biggest American hit in years.<ref name=buckley261/> Additionally, the song had a longer stay in the US top 10 than any of John's previous singles.<ref name=rosen183/> "Little Jeannie" charted even higher on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Adult Contemporary]] chart, where it reached number one, making it his fifth chart-topper.<ref name=ej21>{{cite web |url=https://www.eltonjohn.com/discography/21-at-33 |title=21 at 33 |website=Elton John |access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref> It was less successful in the UK, where it stalled at number 33 on the [[UK singles chart]].<ref name=rosen183/> "Sartorial Eloquence" was chosen as the album's second single and was released in August 1980; it was given the subtitle of "Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?" in the US.<ref name=rosen184>Rosenthal 2001, p. 184</ref> By the time it charted, on 9 August, "Little Jeannie" was still in its peak position.<ref name=rosen184/> "Sartorial Eloquence" was not as successful as its predecessor, only reaching number 39 in the US and number 44 in the UK.<ref name=rosen184/> "Dear God" was released as the album's third and final single (in two versions, a standard pressing with one B-side and a "deluxe" edition with two more) in the UK that November and failed to chart.<ref name=rosen189>Rosenthal 2001, p. 189</ref>

''21 at 33'' was released on 23 May 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anon. |date=17 May 1980 |title=In-depth ad drive for Elton album |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/1980/Music-Week-1980-05-17.pdf |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=[[Music Week]] |page=2}}</ref> The album debuted on the ''Billboard'' Top LPs and Tape chart on 31 May 1980, and would eventually reach a peak of number 13, his highest chart placement since ''Blue Moves''.<ref name=rosen183/> It became his sixteenth gold record, gaining the certification on 22 September 1980.<ref name=rosen180/><ref name=riaa>{{cite web |url= https://www.riaa.com/gold-%20platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Elton+John&ti=&lab=&genre=&format=Album&date_option=release&from=&to=&award=&type=&category=&adv=SEARCH#search_section |website=RIAA |title=Elton John – Gold & Platinum |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> In the UK, the album reached number 12, becoming the second album (along with ''Victim of Love'') of John's to not reach the top 10 since ''[[Madman Across the Water]]'' (1971).<ref name=rosen183/>

===Critical reception===

{{Album ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{rating|3|5}}<ref name=allmusic/>
|rev2 = ''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
|rev2score = {{rating|2|5}}<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th ed.) |author=[[Colin Larkin|Larkin, Colin]] |date=September 2007 |isbn=978-1846098567 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpo0000unse_v3u2/page/758/mode/2up |page=759 |publisher=Omnibus Press |access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref>
|rev3 = ''[[Record Mirror]]''
|rev3score = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name=mirror>{{cite magazine |title=Peter Pan of Rock |magazine=Record Mirror |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/80s/80/Record-Mirror-1980-05-17.pdf |last=Smith |first=Robin |date=17 May 1980 |access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref>
|rev4 = ''[[Smash Hits]]''
|rev4score = 7/10<ref name=smash/>
}}

''21 at 33'' received moderately positive reviews from critics. Writing for ''[[Smash Hits]]'', Ian Cranna gave the album a 7 out of 10 rating and declared it John's best since ''[[Goodbye Yellow Brick Road]]'' (1973).<ref name=smash>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Smash-Hits/1980/Smash-Hits-1980-06-12.pdf |magazine=Smash Hits |date=12 June 1980 |title=Reviews – Albums |last=Cranna |first=Ian |access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref> While stating the album "never reach[es] jackpot status", he praised it as "melodically strong" and "musically light", complimenting Taupin's lyrics as "powerful", Robinson's as "personal", and calling Tzuke's contribution a "strong ballad".<ref name=smash/> Cranna criticized Osborne's lyrics as "dreadful [[Eurovision Song Contest|Song Contest]] efforts."<ref name=smash/> In a review for ''[[Record Mirror]]'', Robin Smith awarded the album four stars out of five, declaring it a comeback after the "lethargy of his last dire effort."<ref name=mirror/> Smith credited Taupin's return with "putting back the sharp lines that ha[d] been lacking" in John's recent albums.<ref name=mirror/> ''Billboard'' made ''21 at 33'' their "spotlight" album pick for the week ending 24 May 1980, calling it John's most "significant and pleasing" album since ''Blue Moves''.<ref name=spotlight>{{cite magazine |magazine=Billboard |title=Top Album Picks – Spotlight |date=24 May 1980 |access-date=16 August 2024 |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1980/BB-1980-05-24.pdf |page=84}}</ref> The publication praised the record for containing "melodic pop offerings with the melodic and lyrical depth that made him [John] a '70s superstar", rather than the "disco and [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]" experiments of his late 70s work.<ref name=spotlight/>

Writing for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', [[Ken Tucker]] praised the album's first side, while disparaging the second. He praised "Little Jeannie" as a "sweet midtempo ballad" sharing similarities with ''Goodbye Yellow Brick Road'', and declared "Chasing the Crown" and "Two Rooms at the End of the World" to be "the neatest, most cogent rockers that Taupin and John have done in a long time."<ref name=tucker/> He believed the album "falls apart" with its second side, criticizing the subject matter of "White Lady White Powder" and "Dear God" while characterizing the last three tracks as "slow, dull and boring".<ref name=tucker/>

Some writers have criticized the album as inconsistent and lacking cohesion due to its large number of co-writers. In a retrospective review for [[AllMusic]], Lindsay Planer felt the album exhibits a "scattered nature", criticizing the John–Taupin tracks for containing what he feels is a "nauseating disco vibe" similar to that of ''Victim of Love'' while praising the John-Osborne collaborations as well as "Sartorial Eloquence".<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/21-at-33-mw0000651100 |website=AllMusic |title=21 at 33 |last=Planer |first=Lindsay |access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref> Buckley writes that due to the number of co-writers present, ''21 at 33'' "lack[s] the sort of thematic unity of style and content that ma[kes] the best Elton John albums click."<ref name=buckley259/> Much like Tucker, he praises the album's first half, feeling it contains "some of the strongest material Elton had made for years", while its second side "failed to sparkle".<ref name=buckley259/><ref name=buckley261/>

===Promotion and aftermath===

To promote the album, Elton embarked on his [[1980 World Tour]], starting with a 44-show US leg, his first large-venue tour in four years.<ref name=park118>Parkinson 2003, p. 118</ref> Olsson and Murray rejoined John's touring band at this time, which also contained James Newton Howard on keyboards and Zito and [[Tim Renwick]] on guitar.<ref name=rosen185/> Tzuke joined as the opening act, for what would be her first-ever American tour.<ref name=rosen185>Rosenthal 2001, p. 185</ref> For much of the tour, ''21 at 33'' would be represented in setlists by "Little Jeannie", "Sartorial Eloquence", and "White Lady White Powder".<ref name=rosen186>Rosenthal 2001, p. 186</ref> Parkinson notes that John's costumes of the time took inspiration from the [[Village People]], with his outfits including a "sequinned cowboy", "musical chauffeur" and, in a publicity photo, a "butch New York cop."<ref name=park118/> Famously, John dressed in a [[Donald Duck]] costume for the encore of a free concert in [[Central Park]] on 13 September 1980.<ref name=buckley254255>Buckley 2013, p. 254-255</ref>

Material recorded during the ''21 at 33'' sessions would appear on John's next album, ''[[The Fox (Elton John album)|The Fox]]'' (1981).<ref name=buckley267>Buckley 2013, p. 267</ref> After recording for the album completed, John collaborated with French singer [[France Gall]] in what Rosenthal describes as "practically an extension of the ''21 at 33'' sessions" due to John and Franks producing and the lineup of musicians.<ref name=rosen182183>Rosenthal 2001, p. 182-183</ref> These sessions produced two songs, "Les Aveux" and "Donner Pour Donner". The tracks were released as a single in February 1981, which topped the French charts and sold over 600,000 copies.<ref name=rosen182183/> In a 1984 interview, John spoke fondly of ''21 at 33'', stating: "I think it's one of my best albums. It has a lot of really good songs on it."<ref name=rosen182>Rosenthal 2001, p. 182</ref>

==Track listing==

{{Track listing
| headline = Side one
| title1 = Chasing the Crown
| writer1 = {{hlist|[[Elton John]]|[[Bernie Taupin]]}}
| length1 = 5:36
| title2 = [[Little Jeannie]]
| writer2 = {{hlist|John|[[Gary Osborne]]}}
| length2 = 5:18
| title3 = [[Sartorial Eloquence (Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?)|Sartorial Eloquence]]
| writer3 = {{hlist|John|[[Tom Robinson]]}}
| length3 = 4:44
| title4 = Two Rooms at the End of the World
| writer4 = {{hlist|John|Taupin}}
| length4 = 5:37
| total_length = 21:15
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Side two
| title1 = White Lady White Powder
| writer1 = {{hlist|John|Taupin}}
| length1 = 4:35
| title2 = [[Dear God (Elton John song)|Dear God]]
| writer2 = {{hlist|John|Osborne}}
| length2 = 3:45
| title3 = Never Gonna Fall in Love Again
| writer3 = {{hlist|John|Robinson}}
| length3 = 4:07
| title4 = Take Me Back
| writer4 = {{hlist|John|Osborne}}
| length4 = 3:52
| title5 = Give Me the Love
| writer5 = {{hlist|John|[[Judie Tzuke]]}}
| length5 = 5:19
| total_length = 21:38
}}

==Personnel==
Adapted from liner notes.<ref name=liner />

===Musicians===

*[[Elton John]] – lead vocals, backing vocals, acoustic piano (1, 3, 5, 6), [[Overdubbing|overdubbed]] piano (1, 3, 5, 6, 8), [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]] [[electric piano]] (4), [[Wurlitzer electric piano]] (8)
*[[James Newton Howard]] – [[Fender Rhodes]] (2, 6, 7), [[Yamaha CS-80]] (2), [[electronic keyboard]]s (3, 7), acoustic piano (9)
*[[David Paich]] – [[Organ (music)|organ]] (6)
*[[Steve Lukather]] – electric guitar (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9)
*[[Richie Zito]] – acoustic guitar (2, 7), electric guitar (5, 8)
*Steve Wrather – electric guitar (7)
*[[Reggie McBride]] – bass (1–4, 6–9)
*[[Dee Murray]] – backing vocals (2), bass (5)
*[[Alvin Taylor]] – drums (1, 3, 4, 6–9)
*[[Nigel Olsson]] – drums (2, 5)
*[[Victor Feldman]] – [[tambourine]] (1, 3, 5, 9)
*Clive Franks – tambourine (4, 6), [[Cowbell (instrument)|cowbell]] (4)
*[[Lenny Castro]] – [[conga]]s (5, 9)
*[[Jim Horn]] – brass arrangements (2, 4), [[piccolo flute]] (2), [[alto saxophone]] (2), [[tenor saxophone]] (4)
*[[Richie Cannata]] – alto saxophone (7)
*[[Larry Williams (jazz musician)|Larry Williams]] – tenor saxophone (9)
*[[Chuck Findley]] – [[trombone]] (2, 4), [[trumpet]] (2, 4)
*[[Bill Reichenbach Jr.]] – trombone (9)
*[[Jerry Hey]] – flugelhorn (2, 9), trumpet (4, 9), brass arrangements (9)
*Larry Hall – trumpet (9), [[flugelhorn]] (9)
*[[Byron Berline]] – [[fiddle]] (8)
*[[David Foster]] – string arrangements (9)
*Venette Gloud – backing vocals (1, 3, 6, 9)
*Stephanie Spruill – backing vocals (1, 3, 6, 9)
*[[Carmen Twillie (actress)|Carmen Twillie]] – backing vocals (1, 3, 6, 9)
*[[Bill Champlin]] – backing vocals (2, 9)
*[[Max Carl|Max Gronenthal]] – backing vocals (2)
*[[Glenn Frey]] – backing vocals (5)
*[[Don Henley]] – backing vocals (5)
*[[Timothy B. Schmit]] – backing vocals (5)
*[[Curt Boettcher|Curt Becher]] – choir vocals (6)
*[[Joe Chemay]] – choir vocals (6)
*[[Bruce Johnston]] – choir arrangements (6), choir vocals (6)
*Jon Joyce – choir vocals (6)
*[[Peter Noone]] – choir vocals (6)
*[[Toni Tennille]] – choir vocals (6)

===Production===

*Produced by Clive Franks and Elton John
*Engineers – Clive Franks, [[Stephen Desper|Steve Desper]] (Track 6), Patrick Jaunead (Tracks 1–4, 6–9).
*Second engineers – David Burgess (Tracks 1–4, 6–9), David Leonard, Peggy McCreary and Stephen McManus.
*Recorded at Super Bear Studios ([[Berre-les-Alpes]], [[France]]); Rumbo Recorders and [[Sunset Sound Recorders]] ([[Los Angeles]], CA).
*Mixed at Sunset Sound Recorders
*Mastered by [[Bernie Grundman]] at [[A&M Studios|A&M Mastering Studio]] (Los Angeles, CA).
*Studio coordinator – Adrian Collee
*Art direction – George Osaki
*Design and concept – Norman Moore
*Photography – Jim Shea
*Management – [[John Reid (music manager)|John Reid Management, LTD.]]

==Charts and certifications==

===Charts===

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

==== Weekly charts ====
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+Weekly chart performance for ''21 at 33''
! scope="col"| Chart (1980)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| Australian Albums ([[Kent Music Report]])<ref name=aus>{{cite book|last=Kent|first=David|author-link=David Kent (historian)|title=Australian Chart Book 1970–1992|edition=illustrated|publisher=Australian Chart Book|location=St Ives, N.S.W.|year=1993|isbn=0-646-11917-6}}</ref>
| align="center"| 7
|-
{{Album chart|Canada|10|chartid=01212a|artist=Elton John|album=21 at 33|rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|-
{{Album chart|Netherlands|41|artist=Elton John|album=21 at 33 |rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|-
{{Album chart|Germany4|21|id=6044|artist=Elton John|album=21 at 33|rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|-
! scope="row"|Italian Albums (''[[Musica e Dischi]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicaedischi.it/classifiche_archivio.php|title=Classifiche|work=[[Musica e Dischi]]|language=it|access-date=25 March 2024|archive-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201160637/http://musicaedischi.it/classifiche_archivio.php|url-status=live}} Set "Tipo" on "Album". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Elton John".</ref>
| align="center"| 25
|-
!scope="row"|[[1980 in Japanese music|Japanese Albums]] ([[Oricon]])<ref name="JPN">{{cite book|title=Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005|publisher=[[Oricon|Oricon Entertainment]]|location=Roppongi, Tokyo|year=2006|isbn=4-87131-077-9|language=ja}}</ref>
| align="center"| 56
|-
{{Album chart|New Zealand|3|artist=Elton John|album=21 at 33|rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|-
{{Album chart|Norway|6|artist=Elton John|album=21 at 33|rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|-
{{Album chart|Sweden|16|artist=Elton John|album=21 at 33|rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|-
{{Album chart|UK2|12|date=19800608|refname=UK albums|rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|-
{{Album chart|Billboard200|13|artist=Elton John|refname=Billboard 200|rowheader=true|accessdate=25 March 2024}}
|}
{{col-2}}

==== Year-end charts ====
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+Year-end chart performance for ''21 at 33''
! scope="col"| Chart (1980)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"|Australian Albums ([[Kent Music Report]])<ref name="aus" />
| align="center"| 25
|-
{{Album chart|Canada|42|chartid=0275|artist=Elton John|album=21 at 33|rowheader=true|refname=CAN1|accessdate=22 February 2023}}
|-
! scope="row"| German Albums ([[GfK Entertainment Charts|Offizielle Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-1980|title=Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts|date=1980|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment Charts]]|language=de|access-date=3 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021191905/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-1980|archive-date=21 October 2021}}</ref>
| align="center"| 65
|-
! scope="row"| New Zealand Albums ([[RMNZ]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-albums/1980-12-31|title=Top Selling Albums of 1980 — The Official New Zealand Music Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music New Zealand]]|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=21 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021192455/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=3869|url-status=live}}</ref>
| align="center"| 23
|}
{{col-end}}

===Certifications===
{{certification Table Top|caption=Certifications for ''21 at 33''}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|type=album|artist=Elton John|title=21 at 33|relyear=1980|certyear=1980|award=Platinum|certref=<ref name="Aus1980certs">{{cite web|url=https://i.imgur.com/HmFDCnW.jpg?1|title=Kent Music Report No 341 – 5 January 1981 > Platinum and Gold Albums 1980|publisher=[[Kent Music Report]]|via=Imgur.com|access-date=26 December 2022|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111014424/https://imgur.com/HmFDCnW|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{certification Table Entry|title=21 at 33|artist=Elton John|type=album|relyear=1980|region=Canada|award=Gold}}
{{certification Table Entry|title=21 at 33|artist=Elton John|type=album|relyear=1980|region=France|award=Gold|certyear=1980|source=infodisc}}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|type=album|award=Gold|title=21 at 33|id=1980-12-19|source=newchart|access-date=2024-11-20|artist=Elton John}}
{{certification Table Entry|title=21 at 33|artist=Elton John|type=album|relyear=1980|region=United States|award=Gold}}}
{{Certification Table Bottom}}

==Notes==

{{notelist}}

==References==

===Sources===

*{{Cite book |last=Buckley |title=Elton: The Biography |year=2013 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-780-12074-4 |first=David}}
*{{Cite book |last=Parkinson |title=Elton: Made in England |year=2003 |publisher=Michael O'Mara Books Limited |isbn=1-85479-314-4 |first=Judy |url= https://archive.org/details/eltonmadeinengla0000park/mode/1up}}
*{{Cite book |last=Rosenthal |title=His Song: The Musical Journey of Elton John |year=2001 |publisher=Billboard Books |isbn=0-8230-8893-6 |first=Elizabeth |url= https://archive.org/details/hissongmusicaljo0000rose/mode/1up}}
*{{Cite book |last=Tobler |first=John |title=Elton John: 25 Years in the Charts |date=1995 |publisher=Hamlyn |isbn=0-600-58777-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/eltonjohn25years0000john/mode/1up}}

===Citations===

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Discogs master|type=album|30541|name=21 at 33}}

{{Elton John}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Elton John albums]]
[[Category:1980 albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Elton John]]
[[Category:MCA Records albums]]
[[Category:The Rocket Record Company albums]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders]]
[[Category:Rock albums by English artists]]
[[Category:Electronic albums by English artists]]

Love Gun

2025-06-10T00:10:11Z

80.192.231.72: /* Overview */

{{for|the eponymous song|Love Gun (song)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Love Gun
| type = studio
| artist = [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]]
| cover = Love_gun_cover.jpg
| caption = Cover art by [[Ken Kelly (artist)|Ken Kelly]]
| alt =
| released = {{start date|1977|6|30}}
| recorded = May 3 – 28, 1977
| studio = [[Record Plant]], New York City
| genre = *[[Hard rock]]
*[[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/monster-mw0002413014 |title=Monster Review |last=Thomas |first=Fred |date= |website=[[AllMusic]] |publisher= |access-date=7 August 2023 |quote=Monster is a tremendous throwback to the superhuman partying and heavy metal Ragnarök of Kiss albums like Destroyer and Love Gun.}}</ref>
| length = {{duration| m = 32| s = 53}}
| label = [[Casablanca Records|Casablanca]]
| producer = {{hlist|Kiss|[[Eddie Kramer]]}}
| prev_title = [[Rock and Roll Over]]
| prev_year = 1976
| next_title = [[Alive II]]
| next_year = 1977
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Love Gun
| type = studio
| single1 = [[Christine Sixteen]]
| single1date = June 1, 1977
| single2 = [[Love Gun (song)|Love Gun]]
| single2date = July 31, 1977
}}
}}
{{Music ratings
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref name=allmusic>{{Cite web |last=Prato |first=Greg |date=February 5, 2022 |title=Kiss - Love Gun |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/love-gun-mw0000650371 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]''
| rev2score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref>[http://www.blender.com/guide/back-catalogue/52637/love-gun-l.html]{{dead link| date = February 2012}}</ref>
| rev3 = ''[[Martin Popoff|Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal]]''
| rev3Score = 7/10<ref name="martin" >{{cite book | last = Popoff | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Popoff | title = The Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal: Volume 1: The Seventies | publisher = [[Collector's Guide Publishing]] | date = October 2003 | location = [[Burlington, Ontario]], Canada | isbn = 978-1894959025 | pages=162–163}}</ref>
| rev4 = ''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
| rev4Score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite book| last = Larkin| first = Colin| author-link = Colin Larkin (writer)| year = 2006| publisher = [[Muze]]| title = [[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]| volume = 4| edition = 4| page = 875| isbn = 0195313739}}</ref>
| rev5 = ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]''
| rev5score = 9.2/10<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/record-reviews/k/kiss/love-gun.shtml|title= Kiss - Love Gun| first= Jason| last=Josephs|publisher =[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]| date = June 26, 2003| access-date = February 29, 2012| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050907221759/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/record-reviews/k/kiss/love-gun.shtml| archive-date = September 7, 2005 }}</ref>
| rev6 = ''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]]''
| rev6score = {{Rating|3.5|5}}<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/kiss/albumguide| title = Kiss: Album Guide| publisher = rollingstone.com| access-date = September 4, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627000037/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/kiss/albumguide|archive-date=June 27, 2011}}</ref>
| rev7 = ''[[Spin Alternative Record Guide]]''
| rev7score = 5/10<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Kiss|first=Jason|last=Cohen|title=Spin Alternative Record Guide|title-link=Spin Alternative Record Guide|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Weisbard|editor2-first=Craig|editor2-last=Marks|publisher=[[Vintage Books]]|year=1995|isbn=0-679-75574-8|page=212}}</ref>
| rev8 = ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]''
| rev8Score = {{Rating|2|5}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kulkarni |first=Neil |author-link=Neil Kulkarni |date=December 1997 |title=Made up for it |magazine=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]] |page=100 |issue=7}}</ref>
| noprose = yes
}}

'''''Love Gun''''' is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]], released on June 30, 1977. Casablanca Records and FilmWorks shipped one million copies of the album on this date. It was certified [[platinum album|platinum]] and became the band's first top 5 album on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. The album was remastered in 1997 and again in 2014.

==Overview==
''Love Gun'' is the first Kiss studio album to feature a lead vocal performance from [[Ace Frehley]], thus making it the first to feature lead vocal performances from all four band members. Before ''Love Gun'' was completed, a [[Gallup poll]] indicated that Kiss was the most popular band in the United States, beating [[Aerosmith]], [[Led Zeppelin]] and the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]]. On August 26, 27 and 28, 1977, Kiss recorded three shows at the [[LA Forum]] for their next release, their second live album ''[[Alive II]]''.

The album cover was painted by fantasy artist [[Ken Kelly (artist)|Ken Kelly]],<ref name=allmusic/> who had previously contributed the cover for 1976's ''[[Destroyer (Kiss album)|Destroyer]]''. A cardboard "Love Gun" (assembly required) was included inside the album,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.kissfaq.com/albumcovers/lovegun/lovegun_gun.jpg| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060620150649/http://www.kissfaq.com/albumcovers/lovegun/lovegun_gun.jpg| url-status = dead| archive-date = June 20, 2006| title = Kiss FAQ - ''Love Gun'' love gun| access-date = January 26, 2009}}</ref> along with a Kiss merchandise order form.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.kissfaq.com/albumcovers/lovegun/merch_1.jpg| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20020817191925/http://kissfaq.com/albumcovers/lovegun/merch_1.jpg| url-status = dead| archive-date = August 17, 2002| title = Kiss FAQ ''Love Gun'' merchandise| access-date = January 26, 2009}}</ref>

== Recording ==
According to the diary of album engineer Corky Stasiak, [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] entered the [[Record Plant]] to begin recording Love Gun on May 3, 1977 and completed it on May 28th, with their cover of “Then She Kissed Me” being the last song cut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Leaf |first=David |title=Kiss Behind the Mask |publisher=Warner Books |year=2003 |isbn=0-446-53073-5 |edition=1st |location=USA |publication-date=October 2003 |pages=281–291 |language=English}}</ref> He also notes that Ace didn’t join the others until May 9 and that many of the basic tracks were completed by Paul, Gene and Peter.<ref name=":0" /> Producer [[Eddie Kramer]] notes that, in addition to Ace lying on his back to sing “Shock Me,” he recalls recording Peter’s drums in a hallway and that while Gene is often quoted as playing the piano on “Christine Sixteen” himself, Kramer claims HE played the piano on the song, with Gene standing over him, coaching him to “play like a neanderthal.”<ref name=":0" /> [[Eddie Van Halen|Eddie]] and [[Alex Van Halen]] played on the demo of “Christine Sixteen” and Simmons insisted the band replicate the song note for note, including the lead solo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Julian |title=The Kiss & Related Recordings Focus |publisher=KISSFAQ.com |year=2004 |isbn=0-9722253-2-3 |edition=1st |location=USA |publication-date=2004 |pages=56–60 |language=English}}</ref>

==Songs==
'''"I Stole Your Love"'''
Stanley has said the song "came quickly. It was influenced in some ways by the [[Deep Purple]] song '[[Burn (Deep Purple song)|Burn]]'.”<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.kissonline.com/news/article/id/39759| title = The 40 greatest Kiss songs ever - part 2| access-date = April 10, 2014| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123927/http://www.kissonline.com/news/article/id/39759| archive-date = April 13, 2014 }}</ref>

'''"[[Christine Sixteen]]"'''
Then-unknown guitarist [[Eddie Van Halen]] and drummer [[Alex Van Halen]] played on the demo of this song, as well as "Got Love for Sale".<ref>{{cite web| url = {{AllMusic| class = song| id = t1691404| pure_url = yes}}| title = AllMusic review "Christine Sixteen"| first=Donald A. |last= Guarisco| access-date = January 26, 2009}}</ref> The lyrics have a similar theme to "[[Goin' Blind]]" from ''[[Hotter than Hell (album)|Hotter than Hell]]''; both songs involve older men lusting after [[Minor (law)|underage]] girls. It was sampled by [[Tone Loc]] on "[[Funky Cold Medina]]".

'''"[[Shock Me]]"'''
The song was inspired by an event that took place during Kiss's ''[[Rock and Roll Over]]'' tour when Frehley suffered an [[Electrical injury|electric shock]]. On December 12, 1976, Kiss performed a concert at the [[Lakeland Center|Lakeland Civic Center]] in [[Lakeland, Florida]]. During the opening song, Frehley touched an [[ground (electricity)|ungrounded]] metal staircase railing. He was knocked backward, and the concert was delayed for 30 minutes. The show was eventually completed, and Frehley lost feeling in his hand for the remainder of the concert.<ref name="aliveforever">{{Cite book |last1=Gooch |first1=Curt |last2=Suhs| first2=Jeff| title=KISS Alive Forever: The Complete Touring History |publisher=Billboard Books |year=2002 |isbn=0-8230-8322-5}}</ref>

This was the first lead vocal that Frehley recorded. In his autobiography, he states that he originally intended for [[Gene Simmons]] to sing the song, but the bassist encouraged Frehley to try it himself. Frehley recorded his lead vocal part while lying on the floor of the studio because he liked the added pressure on his chest.

'''"Tomorrow and Tonight"'''
The song was written to try to recapture the feeling of "[[Rock and Roll All Nite]]", but never reached the success of the aforementioned hit. A soundcheck recording of the song appears on ''[[Alive II]]''. The song was never played live by the band until Kiss Kruise VII in November 2017.

'''"[[Love Gun (song)|Love Gun]]"'''
The title song has been played on every Kiss tour since its release. Stanley has cited it as the Kiss song he is the proudest of writing. It was the first song that he wrote, arranged, and produced in its entirety.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Leaf |first1=David |author-link1= David Leaf| last2=Sharp| first2=Ken|title=KISS: Behind the Mask: The Official Authorized Biography |publisher=[[Grand Central Publishing|Warner Books]] |year=2003 |isbn=0-446-53073-5}}</ref> The song shares many of its lyrics with "[[The Hunter (Albert King song)|The Hunter]]", written by [[Booker T. & the M.G.'s]], and originally recorded by [[Albert King]] in 1967. In his autobiography ''Face the Music'', Stanley acknowledges the derivation: "I stole the idea of a 'love gun' from Albert King's version of 'The Hunter'." Both [[Led Zeppelin]] (as part of "How Many More Times") and [[Free (band)|Free]], two big influences on Paul, recorded the song on their first albums in 1968.

'''"Plaster Caster"'''
The song was inspired by [[Cynthia Plaster Caster]], a former groupie famous for casting penises of famous rock musicians,<ref>{{cite web| url = {{AllMusic| class = song| id = t1691411| pure_url = yes}}| title = AllMusic song review "Plaster Caster"| first=Donald A. |last= Guarisco|access-date = January 26, 2009}}</ref> such as [[Jimi Hendrix]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cynthiaplastercaster.com | title = Cynthia Plaster Caster official website| access-date = January 26, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830101532/http://www.cynthiaplastercaster.com/ |archive-date=August 30, 2018}}</ref>

'''"Then She Kissed Me"'''
The track is one of several gender-reversed covers of [[the Crystals]]' 1963 single "[[Then He Kissed Me]]".<ref>{{cite magazine| url = https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/kiss/albums/album/322352/review/5941238/love_gun| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070602073436/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/kiss/albums/album/322352/review/5941238/love_gun| url-status = dead| archive-date = June 2, 2007| title = ''Rolling Stone'' review ''Love Gun'' 1977| magazine = [[Rolling Stone]]| access-date = January 26, 2009}}</ref>

==Reissues==
''Love Gun'' was reissued for the first time in 1985. The reissue included the original artwork, and while it featured a plain sleeve the jacket still contained a reference for the original color sleeve. The first 10,000 pressings contained label errors: specifically, the third track of the 'A' side was listed as "Plaster Caster" but played as "Got Love for Sale", and the 'B' side track listings were completely out of order.

''Love Gun'' was remastered and reissued in 1997 as part of the Kiss Remasters series.

It was remastered and reissued in a deluxe edition on October 28, 2014, with [[liner notes|sleeve notes]] by [[Def Leppard]]'s [[Joe Elliott]] and a second disc containing demos, live rarities, and a 1977 interview with Gene Simmons. All tracks on the second disc were previously unreleased, bar the demo of "Reputation", which had appeared on the compilation ''[[Kiss 40]]'' a few months earlier. The three live tracks were recorded at the [[Capital Centre (Landover, Maryland)|Capital Center]] in [[Landover, Maryland]] on December 20, 1977. "The potential for this to be the greatest deluxe edition of all time," noted music writer [[Geoff Barton]], "is ruined by a too-clean remastering job – plus, if truth be told, a track that has dated badly in 'Christine Sixteen'."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Barton |first=Geoff |author-link= Geoff Barton |date=February 2015 |issue=206 |title=The hard stuff: Reissues |magazine=[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]] |page=104}}</ref>

==Track listings==
All credits adapted from the original release.<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Love Gun |author=[[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] |year=1977 |type=LP Sleeve |publisher=[[Casablanca Records]] |location = Los Angeles, California |id= NBLP 7057}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Love Gun |author=[[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] |year=2014 |type=CD Booklet |publisher=[[Casablanca Records]] |location = Los Angeles, California |id= 06025 379 972-6 (8)}}</ref>
{{track listing
| extra_column = Lead vocals
| headline = Side one
| title1 = I Stole Your Love
| writer1 = [[Paul Stanley]]
| extra1 = Stanley
| length1 = 3:04
| title2 = [[Christine Sixteen]]
| writer2 = [[Gene Simmons]]
| extra2 = Simmons
| length2 = 3:14
| title3 = Got Love for Sale
| writer3 = Simmons
| extra3 = Simmons
| length3 = 3:29
| title4 = [[Shock Me]]
| writer4 = [[Ace Frehley]]
| extra4 = Frehley
| length4 = 3:49
| title5 = Tomorrow and Tonight
| writer5 = Stanley
| extra5 = Stanley
| length5 = 3:40
}}

{{track listing
| extra_column = Lead vocals
| headline = Side two
| title6 = [[Love Gun (song)|Love Gun]]
| writer6 = Stanley
| extra6 = Stanley
| length6 = 3:18
| title7 = Hooligan
| writer7 = [[Peter Criss]], Stan Penridge
| extra7 = Criss
| length7 = 3:01
| title8 = Almost Human
| writer8 = Simmons
| extra8 = Simmons
| length8 = 2:49
| title9 = Plaster Caster
| writer9 = Simmons
| extra9 = Simmons
| length9 = 3:27
| title10 = [[Then He Kissed Me#Other versions|Then She Kissed Me]]
| writer10 = [[Jeff Barry]], [[Ellie Greenwich]], [[Phil Spector]]
| note10 = cover of "[[Then He Kissed Me]]" by [[The Crystals]]
| extra10 = Stanley
| length10 = 3:02
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Deluxe Edition - disc two
| extra_column = Lead vocals
| title1 = Much Too Soon
| note1 = demo
| writer1 = Simmons
| extra1 = Simmons
| length1 = 3:23
| title2 = Plaster Caster
| note2 = demo
| writer2 = Simmons
| extra2 = Simmons
| length2 = 3:35
| title3 = Reputation
| note3 = demo
| writer3 = Simmons
| extra3 = Simmons
| length3 = 5:39
| title4 = Love Gun
| note4 = teaching demo
| writer4 = Stanley
| length4 = 2:14
| title5 = Love Gun
| note5 = demo
| writer5 = Stanley
| extra5 = Stanley
| length5 = 3:18
| title6 = Gene Simmons Interview 1977
| length6 = 6:59
| title7 = Tomorrow and Tonight
| note7 = instrumental demo
| writer7 = Stanley
| extra7 = Stanley
| length7 = 3:46
| title8 = I Know Who You Are
| note8 = demo
| writer8 = Simmons
| extra8 = Simmons
| length8 = 3:09
| title9 = Love Gun
| note9 = live in 1977
| writer9 = Stanley
| extra9 = Stanley
| length9 = 3:34
| title10 = Christine Sixteen
| note10 = live in 1977
| writer10 = Simmons
| extra10 = Simmons
| length10 = 2:55
| title11 = Shock Me
| note11 = live in 1977
| writer11 = Frehley
| extra11 = Frehley
| length11 = 8:21
}}

==Personnel==
;Kiss
*[[Paul Stanley]] – [[singing|vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]], first [[guitar solo]] on "I Stole Your Love", bass on "Love Gun"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10159571188028198&set=pcb.5616393401802860|title=Paul Stanley Interview|website=Facebook}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=March 2023|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable. [[WP:FACEBOOK]] is not a reliable source.}}
*[[Gene Simmons]] – vocals, [[bass guitar|bass]]; rhythm guitar on "Christine Sixteen" and "Got Love for Sale"
*[[Peter Criss]] – [[drum kit|drums]], vocals
*[[Ace Frehley]] – [[lead guitar]], vocals; all guitars and bass on "Shock Me"

;Additional personnel
*[[Eddie Kramer]] – [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]] on "I Stole Your Love", "Christine Sixteen", "Love Gun"
*[[Tasha Thomas]], [[Ray Simpson]], and Hilda Harris − [[backing vocalist|backing vocals]] on "Tomorrow and Tonight"<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://vk.com/kiss_army?w=wall-23383_212090%2Fall| title = Из дневника саунд-инженера Корки Стэйшака (Corky.. | KISS Army | VK| language=Russian}}</ref>

;Production
* [[Eddie Kramer]] – [[record producer|producer]], [[Audio engineer|engineer]]
* Corky Stasiak – engineer
* Dennis Woloch – design
* [[Ken Kelly (artist)|Ken Kelly]] – cover art
* David Spindel – [[photography]]

==Charts==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"|Chart (1977)
! scope="col"|Peak position
|-
! scope="row"|Australian Albums ([[Kent Music Report]])<ref name="Auskent">{{cite book| title = [[Kent Music Report|Australian Chart Book 1970–1992]]| last = Kent| first = David| publisher = Australian Chart Book| location = St Ives, N.S.W.| year = 1993| isbn = 0-646-11917-6}}</ref>
| style = "text-align:center;"|13
|-
{{album chart|Canada|3|artist=Kiss|album=Rock and Roll Over|chartid=5412a|rowheader=true|access-date=February 20, 2024}}
|-
{{album chart|Germany4|18|id=6055|artist=Kiss|album=Love Gun|rowheader=true|access-date=February 20, 2024}}
|-
! scope="row"|Japanese Albums ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{cite book| title = Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005| publisher = Oricon Entertainment| location = [[Roppongi]], [[Tokyo]]| year = 2006| isbn = 4-87131-077-9}}</ref>
| style = "text-align:center;"|2
|-
{{album chart|Sweden|6|artist=Kiss|album=Love Gun|rowheader=true|access-date=February 20, 2024}}
|-
{{album chart|Billboard200|4|artist=Kiss|rowheader=true|access-date=February 20, 2024}}
|}

==Certifications==
{{certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=album|region=Canada|award=Platinum|relyear=1977|certyear=1977|certref=<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Archive-Cash-Box-IDX/70s/1977/CB-1977-08-20-OCR-Page-0057.pdf|access-date=February 20, 2024|title=Canadian Kisses|magazine=[[Cash Box]]|date=August 20, 1977|page=57}}</ref>}}
{{certification Table Entry| region = United States| type = album| artist = Kiss| title = Love Gun| award = Platinum}}
{{certification Table Bottom| nosales = yes}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Discogs master| type = album|41815| name = Love Gun}}

{{Kiss}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kiss (band) albums]]
[[Category:1977 albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Eddie Kramer]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at Record Plant (New York City)]]
[[Category:Casablanca Records albums]]
[[Category:Albums with cover art by Ken Kelly (artist)]]

911 (English group)

2025-06-08T10:19:17Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|English boy band}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = 911
| image = 911 band (1).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| landscape = yes
| caption = 911 performing live at Durham Pride UK 25th May 2025 (L-R: [[Jimmy Constable]], [[Lee Brennan]] and [[Spike Dawbarn]]).
| origin = Carlisle, England, UK
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Pop music|Pop]]
*[[dance-pop]]}}
| years_active = {{flatlist|
*1995–2000
*2008
*2012–present}}
| label = {{flatlist|
*[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]
*WeeJ}}
| website = {{url|www.911official.com/}}
| current_members = [[Lee Brennan]] [[Jimmy Constable]] [[Spike Dawbarn]]
}}

'''911''' (pronounced "nine one one") are an English [[pop music|pop]] group consisting of [[Lee Brennan]], [[Jimmy Constable]] and [[Spike Dawbarn|Simon "Spike" Dawbarn]]. They were formed in Glasgow in 1995 and released their debut single, a cover of [[Shalamar]]'s "[[Night to Remember]]", in April 1996. This was followed by their debut album, ''[[The Journey (911 album)|The Journey]]'', in March 1997, which was certified Gold by the [[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]] in November 1997. 911 released two more Silver-certified albums, ''[[Moving On (911 album)|Moving On]]'' and ''[[There It Is (911 album)|There It Is]]'', in 1998 and 1999, respectively. ''There It Is'' also produced their only UK number-one single, a cover of "[[A Little Bit More#911 version|A Little Bit More]]", which topped the [[UK Singles Chart]] in January 1999.

In their five years together, 911 scored ten UK top 10 singles. They sold 10 million singles and 6 million albums around the world,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Big-Reunion-stars-911-Bridlington-Spa-bust-moves/story-20783509-detail/story.html|title=Big Reunion stars 911 at Bridlington Spa: 'We can still bust a few moves'|date=10 March 2014|work=[[Hull Daily Mail]]|publisher=[[Local World]]|access-date=11 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213542/http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Big-Reunion-stars-911-Bridlington-Spa-bust-moves/story-20783509-detail/story.html|archive-date=12 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and were very popular in [[Southeast Asia]], where their first two albums went to number one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.comedycentral.co.uk/daily-fix/where-are-they-now/911|title=Where Are They Now?|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140312000825/http://press.comedycentral.co.uk/daily-fix/where-are-they-now/911|archive-date=12 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> They split on 26 February 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdirTd67J9U |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/mdirTd67J9U |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=911 - Before & After Split Announcement - Radio 1 (2000)|publisher=YouTube|date=2013-08-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In October 2012, it was announced that 911 would again reunite for the [[ITV2]] reality-documentary series ''[[The Big Reunion]]'', along with [[Atomic Kitten]], [[Liberty X]], [[B*Witched]], [[Five (band)|Five]] and [[Honeyz]] in January 2013. Due to the highly positive reception, the groups went on an arena tour around the UK and Ireland. Their comeback album, ''[[Illuminate... (The Hits and More)]],'' was released on 8 September 2013, along with their comeback single, "[[2 Hearts 1 Love]]". In early 2014, 911 headlined their own UK tour - The Illuminate: The Hits and More Tour.

==Career==
===1995: Formation===
Dancers [[Jimmy Constable]] and [[Spike Dawbarn|Simon "Spike" Dawbarn]] met in the early 1990s and were both later chosen to work as dancers on the late-night [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] music show ''[[The Hit Man and Her]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/may/10/popandrock1|title=Arts: Boybands ruined my life|last=Lynskey|first=Dorian|date=10 May 2005|work=The Guardian}}</ref> In 1995, after seeing how successful [[Jason Orange]], a former dancer on the show, had been with boy band [[Take That]], Constable and Dawbarn put their own group together.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/music/please-sir-werent-you-in-a-boy-1094531|title=Please sir, weren't you in a boy band?|date=5 December 2005|work=Manchester Evening News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukmusicreviews.co.uk/interviews/interview-jimmy-constable/|title=INTERVIEW: Jimmy Constable|last=Coooper|first=Kevin|date=9 June 2019|work=UK Music Reviews|accessdate=3 February 2025}}</ref> At [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]]'s radio station [[Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland|CFM]], they met Steve Gilmour, who had previously managed [[PJ & Duncan]] and [[Boyzone]], and asked him to be their manager a few months later. After initially turning them down<ref>{{cite news|last=Hendry|first=Steve|date=3 February 2013|title=Music biz guru reveals his memories of the acts starring in The Big Reunion|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/a-1572188|access-date=10 February 2022|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> he decided to manage them but they were short of a singer and [[Lee Brennan]] was recruited at Gilmour's recommendation. After moving into Gilmour's three-bedroom flat in the south side of [[Glasgow]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/entertainment/13303804.911-we-love-glasgow-we-loved-bonkers-a-lot-even-though-it-was-the-worst-nightclub-in-the-city/|title=911: we love Glasgow, we loved Bonkers a lot even though it was the 'worst nightclub in the city'|last=O'Neill|first=Christina|date=9 March 2015|work=Glasgow Times|accessdate=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18104027.we-born-bred-glasgow-911-say-city-fans-kicked-off-approach-25-years/|title='We were born and bred in Glasgow': 911 say city fans kicked it all off as they approach 25 years|last=Mullen|first=Stacey|date=19 December 2019|work=Glasgow Times|accessdate=10 February 2022}}</ref> 911 embarked on a tour of schools and under-18 clubs in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/theofficial911/photos/on-this-day-25-years-agoon-sunday-18th-june-1995-lee-spike-jimmy-were-launched-t/2710962885675150/|title=*On This Day 25 Years Ago* On Sunday 18th June 1995, Lee, Spike & Jimmy were launched to the world as new Boyband 911!|author=theofficial911|date=18 June 2020|publisher=[[Facebook]]|accessdate=10 February 2022}}</ref> Having been turned down by record companies,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/911s-jimmy-constable-tells-jade-3376220|title=911's Jimmy Constable tells Jade Wright how proud he is to be from Liverpool|last=Wright|first=Jade|date=1 April 2011|website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> 911 and their management team Backlash formed their own record label, Ginga Records, with funding from businessman Frank Shapiro.<ref name="herald">{{cite news|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12058661.angel-who-put-pop-group-among-the-stars/|title=Angel who put pop group among the stars|date=27 May 1996|work=The Herald|accessdate=25 September 2022}}</ref>

===1996–2000: Success===
In April 1996, they released their debut single, a cover of [[Shalamar]]'s "[[Night to Remember]]", which entered the [[UK Singles Chart]] at number 38 in May.<ref name="herald"/> In July, their second single "[[Love Sensation (911 song)|Love Sensation]]" was released; it charted at number 21 in August, and was later featured in the 1997 live-action film ''[[Casper: A Spirited Beginning]]''. The success of these two independently released singles created a major record label bidding war and in September 1996, 911 were signed up by [[Richard Branson]]'s [[Virgin Records]] on a £3.5 million, four-album deal. 911 won [[GMTV]]'s 'Search for the Next Big Thing' and were voted the 'Second Best Newcomer' after the [[Spice Girls]] in ''[[Smash Hits]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.last.fm/music/911/+wiki |title=911's Biography – Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and pictures at|publisher=Last.fm|date=2013-11-26|access-date=2014-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.butlins.com/bigweekenders/experience/headliners/911|title=911 | Big Weekenders Headline Artists|website=911 | Big Weekenders Headline Artists}}</ref>

911 had their first top 10 hit in November 1996 with "[[Don't Make Me Wait (911 song)|Don't Make Me Wait]]", which reached number 10.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=David |title=[[British Hit Singles & Albums]] |publisher=[[Guinness World Records]] |year=2006 |isbn=1-904994-10-5 |edition=19th |location=London |page=395}}</ref> Nine more successive UK top 10 hits followed, including "[[Bodyshakin']]" (which became their signature song), "[[Private Number (Judy Clay and William Bell song)#911 version|Private Number]]" and the UK chart-topper "[[A Little Bit More#911 version|A Little Bit More]]".<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums"/> During this time, 911 released three studio albums, ''[[The Journey (911 album)|The Journey]]'' (1997), ''[[Moving On (911 album)|Moving On]]'' (1998) and ''[[There It Is (911 album)|There It Is]]'' (1999), all of which hit the top 20 on the [[UK Albums Chart]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

At the end of 1999, 911 released a greatest hits album entitled ''[[The Greatest Hits and a Little Bit More]]'', which included (at the time) their final single "[[Wonderland (911 song)|Wonderland]]", before Brennan and Dawbarn decided to split the group up. On ''[[The Big Reunion]]'', Dawbarn said: "We knew we'd reached our peak and we were kind of that little decline and we thought, 'It's best getting out at the top.'"<ref>ITV Television, ''[[The Big Reunion]]''. 911 interviewed, March 2013</ref> Constable was also told by the other two that he would be the one to break the news of their break-up live on [[Chris Moyles]]' [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] show on 26 February 2000. Constable in 2005 said: "I didn't have any time to get my head around it. I had a lump in my throat saying it, then we came out of Radio 1 and the other two guys went to the pub. I got in my car and took off and I never saw them for two years."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/may/10/popandrock1|title=Jimmy Constable: Boybands ruined my life|last=Lynksey|first=Dorian|date=10 May 2005|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=18 September 2013}}</ref>

===2008: First reunion===
In 2008, 911 reformed for a nightclub tour of the UK and Republic of Ireland, performing their most popular hits, and have also performed at a number of nightclub and university events, and they entertained the crowd prior to the [[Bradford Bulls]] clash with [[Leeds Rhinos]] on 23 May 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nash |first=Lauren |date=16 September 2013 |title=911 singer Jimmy Constable saved from depression by love of St Neots woman |work=Hunts Post |url=https://www.huntspost.co.uk/news/latest-news/911_singer_jimmy_constable_saved_from_depression_by_love_of_st_neots_woman_1_2596773/ |url-status=dead |access-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005081327/https://www.huntspost.co.uk/news/latest-news/911_singer_jimmy_constable_saved_from_depression_by_love_of_st_neots_woman_1_2596773/ |archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref> They took part in [[Sky Living|Living]]'s ''Pop Goes the Band''; where they came together to get back to their boy band ways, resulting in a live performance of "[[Bodyshakin']]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/features/people/911-can-carlisle-lad-lee-brennan-s-pop-band-recapture-their-former-glory-1.530433?referrerPath=/2.1806#|title=911: Can Carlisle lad Lee Brennan's pop band recapture their former glory?|date=23 March 2009|work=[[News and Star]]|publisher=[[CN Group]]|access-date=22 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927185045/http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/features/people/911-can-carlisle-lad-lee-brennan-s-pop-band-recapture-their-former-glory-1.530433?referrerPath=%2F2.1806|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===2012: Second reunion===
911 reunited in 2012, along with [[Atomic Kitten]], [[Liberty X]], [[B*Witched]], [[Five (band)|Five]] and [[Honeyz]], for the [[ITV2]] documentary series ''[[The Big Reunion]]'', a show which would feature the bands reuniting for the first time in several years and undergoing two weeks of intense rehearsals ahead of a comeback performance sometime in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/atomic-kitten-5ive-liberty-x-1385345|title=It's pop music heaven - Atomic Kitten, 5ive, Liberty X, 911 all to reunite for new TV show|first=Joanna|last=Harvey|date=18 October 2012|work=Daily Mirror|accessdate=19 September 2022}}</ref> The show began airing on 31 January 2013, and the second episode, which aired on 7 February, featured Lee, Jimmy and Spike talking about their time together and the difficulties that came with being in a band.

The six bands performed a sold-out comeback concert at London's [[Hammersmith Apollo]] on 26 February 2013. This was followed by [[The Big Reunion (concerts)|a UK arena tour]] taking place from 3–14 May 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a457835/5ive-atomic-kitten-bwitched-liberty-x-911-for-big-reunion-arena-tour.html|title=5ive, Atomic Kitten, B*Witched, Liberty X, 911 for Big Reunion arena tour|last=Nissam|first=Mayer|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines UK]]|date=11 February 2013|access-date=11 February 2013}}</ref> Two more dates were later added for 16 and 17 May, taking the tour total to 14 shows.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goldenplec.com/66192|title=The Big Re-Union announces show at The O2 and Odyssey Arena|publisher=Goldenplec|date=14 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref> It was then announced that the bands would also be going on a mini-Christmas party tour in December 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a468755/5ive-bwitched-atomic-kitten-for-big-reunion-christmas-party-tour.html|title=5ive, B*Witched, Atomic Kitten for 'Big Reunion' Christmas Party tour|last=Corner|first=Lewis|date=27 March 2013|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines UK]]|access-date=30 March 2013}}</ref>

On 6 March, 911 made an appearance on ''[[Daybreak (2010 TV programme)|Daybreak]]'', where they announced that they had recorded a new version of "Bodyshakin'" and were also planning to release new material.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmAcPNnJMEw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/XmAcPNnJMEw |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Daybreak - 911 Interview (2013)|date=6 March 2013 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 28 March, they appeared on ''[[This Morning (TV programme)|This Morning]]'' and confirmed that they would be releasing a new album and touring in 2014. Brennan said: "We're doing a new album, we're going to be touring ourselves next year, so we've got lots of things to look forward to. Bring It On!".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reveal.co.uk/showbiz-celeb-gossip/news/a469241/big-reunions-911-announce-future-music-plans.html|title=Big Reunion's 911 announce future music plans!|last=Heath|first=Olivia|date=28 March 2013|work=Reveal|publisher=[[Nat Mags]]|access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref> During The Big Reunion arena tour, it was announced that the band's new album would be called ''Illuminate''. On 3 August, Brennan tweeted that the album, ''[[Illuminate... (The Hits and More)]]'', would be released on 9 September 2013 alongside their comeback single "[[2 Hearts 1 Love]]". During another appearance on ''This Morning'' on 5 August, 911 spoke about their music comeback and also performed "2 Hearts 1 Love".

On 20 March 2014, it was announced that 911 and the other boy bands from both the [[The Big Reunion (series 1)|first]] and [[The Big Reunion (series 2)|second series]] of ''The Big Reunion'', [[Five (band)|Five]], [[Blue (English band)|Blue]], [[3T]], [[A1 (band)|A1]], [[Damage (British band)|Damage]] and [[5th Story]], would go on a nationwide tour in October 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s234/the-big-reunion/news/a558928/the-big-reunion-boybands-join-forces-for-nationwide-tour.html|title=The Big Reunion: Boybands join forces for nationwide tour|last=Wightman|first=Catriona|date=20 March 2014|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref>

=== 2019–present: 911 The Reunion and Đức Phúc collaboration ===
On 22 June 2019, 911 made a comeback to Southeast Asia with their concert known as 911 The Reunion in [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia with a sold-out show.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 June 2019 |author=The Hive Asia |title=911 reveals reason for holding a concert in Malaysia after nearly 2 decades |url=https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/911-reveals-reason-holding-concert-063000390.html |work=Yahoo! Movies |access-date=16 December 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

On 9 February 2023, the group collaborated with Vietnamese singer {{Ill|Đức Phúc|vi}} for a bilingual version of "I Do" in English and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tienphong.vn/nhom-nhac-911-ca-si-duc-phuc-cang-thang-khi-lam-viec-voi-chung-toi-post1508923.tpo |title=Nhóm nhạc 911: 'Ca sĩ Đức Phúc căng thẳng khi làm việc với chúng tôi' |date=2023-02-10 |website=Tiền Phong |last=Phương |first=Anh Cao |language=vi |trans-title=Group 911: 'Singer Duc Phuc is stressed when working with us'|access-date=2023-02-11}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{Main|911 discography}}

* ''[[The Journey (911 album)|The Journey]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Moving On (911 album)|Moving On]]'' (1998)
* ''[[There It Is (911 album)|There It Is]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Illuminate... (The Hits and More)]]'' (2013)

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{911}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:911 (UK band)}}
[[Category:911 (English group)| ]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1995]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2000]]
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 2005]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2005]]
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:English boy bands]]
[[Category:English musical trios]]
[[Category:Teen pop groups]]
[[Category:Vocal trios]]
[[Category:Pop music groups from London]]

Hewett

2025-06-08T10:13:58Z

80.192.231.72:

'''Hewett''' may refer to:

*[[Hewett (surname)]]
*[[Hewett, Wisconsin]], a town in the United States
*[[Hewett, South Australia]], a town
*[[Hewett gas field]], UK natural gas field
*[[The Hewett Academy]], formerly the Hewett School, Norwich, UK

==See also==
*[[Hewitt (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig|geo}}

Step One

2025-06-07T09:42:19Z

80.192.231.72:

{{For|the record label|Step One Records}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Step One
| type = studio
| artist = [[Steps (group)|Steps]]
| cover = StepOne.jpg
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = 14 September 1998
| recorded = 1997–1998
| venue =
| studio = PWL Studios ([[London]] & [[Manchester]])
| genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[techno-pop]]|[[Disco music|disco]]}}
| length = 39:08
| label = [[Jive Records|Jive]]
| producer = {{hlist|Mark Topham|Karl Twigg|[[Pete Waterman]]|Andrew Frampton|Dan Sanders|W.I.P}}
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Steptacular]]
| next_year = 1999
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Step One
| type = studio
| single1 = [[5,6,7,8]]
| single1date = 27 November 1997
| single2 = [[Last Thing on My Mind (Bananarama song)#Steps version|Last Thing on My Mind]]
| single2date = 17 April 1998
| single3 = [[One for Sorrow (song)|One for Sorrow]]
| single3date = 31 August 1998
| single4 = [[Heartbeat (Steps song)|Heartbeat]]" / "[[Tragedy (Bee Gees song)#Steps version|Tragedy]]
| single4date = 6 November 1998
| single5 = [[Better Best Forgotten]]
| single5date = 8 March 1999
}}
}}
{{Music ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r462122|pure_url=yes}} AllMusic review]</ref>
|rev2 = [[Answers.com]]
|rev2score = {{Rating|3.5|5}}<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/step-one-rock-album-1 Answers.com review]</ref>
|rev3 = DooYoo.co.uk
|rev3score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>[http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/music-records/step-one-steps/1005812/ DooYoo.co.uk review]</ref>
}}

'''''Step One''''' is the debut album by British [[pop music|pop]] [[band (music)|group]] [[Steps (pop group)|Steps]]. It was released in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and [[Europe]] on 14 September 1998. The album charted at number two on the [[UK Albums Chart]] upon its release, going on to spend 64 weeks in the chart. It was beaten to number one by ''[[This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours]]'' by [[Manic Street Preachers]], who also beat Steps' single "[[One for Sorrow (song)|One for Sorrow]]" to number one on the [[UK Singles Chart]] with the song "[[If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next]]". In February 2000, the album was re-released in the [[United States|US]], containing songs from both ''Step One'' and its successor, ''[[Steptacular]]''. The tracks "[[5,6,7,8]]", "[[Last Thing on My Mind (Bananarama song)#Steps version|Last Thing on My Mind]]", "[[One for Sorrow (song)|One for Sorrow]]", "[[Heartbeat (Steps song)|Heartbeat]]" and "[[Better Best Forgotten]]" were released as the singles in UK. In 2000, the album was certified 5× Platinum by the [[British Phonographic Industry]], and has sold over 1.4 million copies in the UK.<ref name="UK sales"/>

The album contains some covers; "Last Thing on My Mind" was originally released in 1992 as a single by British [[girl group]] [[Bananarama]], while "[[Love U More]]" was originally recorded by techno/house band [[Sunscreem]]. "Experienced" was originally recorded by boybands The Bario Boys & Worlds Apart, and "Stay With Me" appears on Romeo's Daughters' self-titled début album. "[[Tragedy (Bee Gees song)|Tragedy]]", which was recorded for a [[Bee Gees]] tribute album, was paired with "[[Heartbeat (Steps song)|Heartbeat]]" as a winter holiday [[double A-side]] single (included on the group's second album, ''[[Steptacular]]''), but is also featured as a bonus track on some international editions of this album.

The album was reissued on vinyl for the first time ever in February 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/steps-step-one-steptacular-buzz-vinyl/|title=Steps to release Step One, Steptacular and Buzz albums on vinyl|website=Official Charts|last=Smith|first=Carl|date=13 December 2023|access-date=29 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://retropopmagazine.com/steps-announce-long-awaited-vinyl-reissue-series-for-classic-albums/|title=Steps announce long-awaited vinyl reissue series for classic albums |website=Retro Pop Magazine|last=Gotto|first=Connor|date=14 December 2023|access-date=29 February 2024}}</ref> It debuted at number 6 on the UK Vinyl Albums Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/albums/steps-step-one/|title=Steps - Step One|website=Official Charts|date=1 March 2024|access-date=9 March 2024}}</ref>

==Track listing==
{{Track listing
| headline = Standard edition
| total_length =
| extra_column = Producer(s)

| title1 = Steptro
| writer1 = {{flatlist|
* [[Mike Stock (musician)|Mike Stock]]
* [[Pete Waterman]]
* [[Sara Dallin]]
* [[Keren Woodward]]
}}
| extra1 = {{hlist|Mark Topham|Karl Twigg|Waterman}}
| length1 = 0:56

| title2 = [[Last Thing on My Mind (Bananarama song)#Steps version|Last Thing on My Mind]]
| writer2 = {{flatlist|
* Stock
* Waterman
* Dallin
* Woodward
}}
| extra2 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman}}
| length2 = 3:04

| title3 = [[5,6,7,8]]
| writer3 = {{flatlist |
* [[Barry Upton]]
* Steve Crosby
}}
| extra3 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman}}
| length3 = 3:22

| title4 = [[One for Sorrow (song)|One for Sorrow]]
| writer4 = {{flatlist |
* Topham
* Twigg
* [[Lance Ellington]]
}}
| extra4 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman}}
| length4 = 4:20

| title5 = [[Heartbeat (Steps song)|Heartbeat]]
| writer5 = [[Jackie James]]
| extra5 = {{hlist|Andrew Frampton|Waterman}}
| length5 = 4:24

| title6 = This Heart Will Love Again
| writer6 = {{flatlist |
* Frampton
* Waterman
}}
| extra6 = {{hlist|Dan Sanders|Frampton|Waterman}}
| length6 = 3:48

| title7 = Experienced
| note7 = H solo
| writer7 = {{flatlist |
* Stock
* Waterman
}}
| extra7 = {{hlist|Frampton|Waterman}}
| length7 = 3:27

| title8 = Too Weak to Resist
| note8 = H solo
| writer8 = {{flatlist |
* Frampton
* Waterman
}}
| extra8 = {{hlist|Frampton|Waterman}}
| length8 = 3:50

| title9 = [[Better Best Forgotten]]
| writer9 = {{flatlist |
* Frampton
* Waterman
}}
| extra9 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman}}
| length9 = 3:42

| title10 = Back to You
| writer10 = {{flatlist |
* Topham
* Twigg
}}
| extra10 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman}}
| length10 = 4:04

| title11 = [[Love U More]]
| writer11 = {{flatlist |
* Lucia Holm
* Paul Cannell
}}
| extra11 = Work in Progress
| length11 = 3:57

| title12 = Stay with Me
| writer12 = {{flatlist |
* Olga Lange
* Craig Joiner
* Anthony Mitman
* [[Romeo's Daughter|Leigh Matty]]
}}
| extra12 = {{hlist|Sanders|Waterman}}
| length12 = 4:04
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Australian bonus tracks
| extra_column = Producer(s)

| title13 = One for Sorrow
| writer13 = {{flatlist |
* Topham
* Twigg
* Ellington
}}
| note13 = W.I.P. remix
| extra13 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman|W.I.P.}}
| length13 = 6:53

| title14 = [[Tragedy (Bee Gees song)#Versions|Tragedy]]
| note14 = Hidden track
| writer14 = {{flat list |
* [[Barry Gibb]]
* [[Robin Gibb]]
* [[Maurice Gibb]]
}}
| extra14 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman}}
| length14 = 4:30
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Japanese bonus tracks
| extra_column = Producer(s)

| title13 = Tragedy
| writer13 = {{flat list |
* B. Gibb
* R. Gibb
* M. Gibb
}}
| extra13 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman}}

| title14 = 5,6,7,8
| note14 = W.I.P. remix
| writer14 = {{flatlist |
* Upton
* Crosby
}}
| extra14 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman|W.I.P.}}

| title15 = One for Sorrow
| note15 = W.I.P. remix
| writer15 = {{flatlist |
* Topham
* Twigg
* Ellington
}}
| extra15 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman|W.I.P.}}

| title16 = Better Best Forgotten
| note16 = W.I.P. remix
| writer16 = {{flatlist |
* Frampton
* Waterman
}}
| extra16 = {{hlist|Topham|Twigg|Waterman|W.I.P.}}
}}

===American release===
Steps’ [[North America]]n debut album, released in 2000, was also (somewhat confusingly) titled ''Step One'', yet it features a different song selection than their original album of the same name. At just eleven tracks, the American edition is primarily made-up of the group’s “standout” singles, selected from both their debut album (''Step One'') and their second album (''Steptacular'').

“[[Better Best Forgotten]]" was not included and replaced with the album track “Stay with Me”. The American release essentially a "best-of" collection for the first two years of Steps’ career, 1998 through 2000. The American edition also utilises the cover artwork from their original second album, ''Steptacular''. The original mix of "[[One for Sorrow (song)|One for Sorrow]]" was omitted in-favour of [[Tony Moran (DJ)|Tony Moran]]’s remix, the same version to receive airplay on American radio.

{{Track listing
| headline = Standard edition
| total_length =

| title1 = [[Tragedy (Bee Gees song)|Tragedy]]
| note1 = [[BeeGees]]
| length1 = 4:30

| title2 = [[Say You'll Be Mine (Steps song)|Say You'll Be Mine]]
| length2 = 3:33

| title3 = One for Sorrow
| note3 = US Mix
| length3 = 3:30

| title4 = Last Thing on My Mind
| length4 = 3:05

| title5 = 5, 6, 7, 8
| length5 = 3:23

| title6 = Stay with Me
| length6 = 4:05

| title7 = [[Love's Got a Hold on My Heart]]
| length7 = 3:20

| title8 = [[After the Love Has Gone (Steps song)|After the Love Has Gone]]
| length8 = 4:35

| title9 = Heartbeat
| length9 = 4:25

| title10 = [[Deeper Shade of Blue]]
| length10 = 4:16

| title11 = [[Better the Devil You Know#Steps version|Better the Devil You Know]]
| note11 = [[Stock Aitken Waterman]]
| length11 = 3:48
}}

;US singles
# "One for Sorrow" (US Mix)
# "Tragedy"

==Personnel==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*'''Producers:'''
**Topham, Twigg and Waterman (for tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 and 13)
**Frampton and Waterman (for tracks 5, 7 and 8)
**Sanders, Frampton and Waterman (for track 6)
**Work in Progress (W.I.P) (for tracks 11 and 13)
**Sanders and Waterman (for track 12)
*'''Engineers:'''
**Chris McDonnell (for tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and 13)
**Dan Frampton (for tracks 5 and 7)
**McDonnell and Frampton (for track 8 and 9)
**Jason Barron, [[Martin Neary]] and Frampton (for track 6)
**Paul Waterman (for track 11)
**Barron (for track 12)
{{col-2}}
*'''Mixing:'''
**Work in Progress (W.I.P) (for track 1)
**Les Sharma (for track 3)
**Paul Waterman (for tracks 2, 11 and 12)
**Waterman and Dan Frampton (for 4, 5, 6 and 10)
**Frampton (for tracks 7, 8 and 9)
**Work in Progress (W.I.P) (for track 13)
*'''Assistant engineers:''' Bradlee/Al and Pete
*All tracks were recorded and mixed at the [[Pete Waterman Entertainment|PWL]] Studios in [[London]] and [[Manchester]].
{{col-end}}

==Charts==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Weekly charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1998–2000)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
{{album chart|Australia|5|artist=Steps|album=Step One|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
{{album chart|Flanders|1|artist=Steps|album=Step One|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
{{album chart|Netherlands|33|artist=Steps|album=Step One|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
{{album chart|Ireland2|8|artist=Steps|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
! scope="row"| Japanese Albums ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Oricon Style |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/ |website=www.oricon.co.jp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308090707/http://www.oricon.co.jp/ |archive-date=March 8, 2010 |language=ja}}</ref>{{Full citation needed |date=July 2023}}
| 19
|-
{{album chart|New Zealand|6|artist=Steps|album=Step One|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
{{album chart|Scotland|4|date=19980920|album=Step One|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
{{album chart|Sweden|46|artist=Steps|album=Step One|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
! scope="row"| Taiwanese Albums Chart<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19990503235158/http://ifpi.org.tw/chart/1998/intle32.htm IFPI Taiwan - International Top 10 (1998/32)]</ref>
| 9
|-
{{album chart|UK2|2|date=19980920|album=Step One|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|-
{{album chart|Billboard200|79|artist=Steps|rowheader=true|accessdate=13 August 2021}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2024)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| UK Vinyl Albums<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/vinyl-albums-chart/20240301/9/|title=Official Vinyl Albums Chart on 1/3/2024 1 March 2024 - 7 March 2024|website=Official Charts|date=1 March 2024|access-date=9 March 2024}}</ref>
| 6
|-
|}

{{col-2}}

===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1998)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"| Australian Albums (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-albums-1998.htm |title=ARIA Charts - End of Year Charts - Top 100 Albums 1998 |publisher=Aria.com.au |accessdate=2012-03-10}}</ref>
| 35
|-
! scope="row"| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/en/annualoverview.asp?year=1998 |title=Ultratop Belgian Charts |publisher=ultratop.be |accessdate=2012-03-10}}</ref>
| 4
|-
! scope="row"| UK Albums (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/end-of-year-artist-albums-chart/19980104/37502/|title=End of Year Album Chart Top 100 – 1998|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| 13
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1999)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=1999&cat=a|title=Jaaroverzichten 1999|publisher=Ultratop|accessdate=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| 28
|-
! scope="row"| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-albums/1999-12-31|title=Top Selling Albums of 1999|publisher=[[The Official New Zealand Music Chart]]|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref>
| 30
|-
! scope="row"| UK Albums (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/end-of-year-artist-albums-chart/19990110/37502/|title=End of Year Album Chart Top 100 – 1999|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| 16
|}
{{col-end}}

==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|award=Platinum|certyear=1998|access-date=2011-09-28}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Belgium|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|award=Platinum|number=2|certyear=1998|relyear=1997|access-date=2011-09-28}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Japan|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|award=Gold|relyear=1998|certyear=1999|certmonth=3|certref=<ref name="RIAJ-may1999">{{cite journal |title=GOLD ALBUM 他認定作品 1999年3月度 |trans-title=Gold Albums, and other certified works. March 1999 Edition |url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/issue/record/1999/199905.pdf | journal=The Record |type=Bulletin |language=Japanese |location=[[Chūō, Tokyo]] |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]] |date=10 May 1999 |volume=474 |page=9 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122064612/http://www.riaj.or.jp/issue/record/1999/199905.pdf |archivedate=22 January 2014 |access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>|access-date=2011-09-28}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|award=Platinum|id=1999-04-09|source=newchart|access-date=2024-11-20|refname=nzcer}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|award=Platinum|number=5|id=6275-76-2|salesamount=1,402,303|salesref=<ref name="UK sales">{{cite news|url=http://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/steps-confirm-comeback-album-tour-and-abba-penned-new-song/067712|title=Steps confirm comeback album, tour and ABBA-penned new song|last=Gumble|first=Daniel|date=6 March 2017|work=[[Music Week]]|publisher=Intent Media|access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref>|relyear=1998|access-date=2011-09-28}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|relyear=1997|nocert=true|salesamount=200,000|salesref=<ref name=stepsbilboard>{{Cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhQEAAAAMBAJ&q=s+club+7+sales&pg=PA85|title=''UK Pop Acts Have To Speak New Language''|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2012-04-09|date=19 May 2001}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Summary}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Europe|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|award=Platinum|certyear=1999|access-date=28 September 2011}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Worldwide|title=Seps One|artist=Steps|type=album|certyear=1999|nocert=yes|salesamount=2,500,000|salesref=<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72|title=The Secret of Jive's Success|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=30 October 1999}}</ref>|nocat=yes|access-date=2011-09-28}}
{{Certification Table Bottom}}

==Release history==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Country
!Release date
!Format
!Label
!Catalogue
|-
|rowspan=2|United Kingdom<ref name=steponerelease>"[http://gensteps.co.uk/archive/discography/stepone.php Release dates, editions, and chart positions of Step One]". ''gensteps.co.uk'' Retrieved 5 March 2010</ref>
|rowspan=2|14 September 1998
|Standard edition ([[Compact Disc|CD]])
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Jive Records|Jive]] / [[EBUL]]
|015911-2
|-
|Standard edition ([[Compact Cassette|cassette]])
|015911-4
|-
|Australia<ref name=steponerelease/>
|14 September 1998
|Limited edition (CD + Dance routine booklet)
|align=center|Jive / [[Liberation Records|Liberation]]
|MUSH33147-2
|-
|Hong Kong<ref name=steponerelease/>
|14 September 1998
|Limited edition (CD + VCD)
|align=center|Rock (HK)
|ROD-9115
|-
|Indonesia<ref name=steponerelease/>
|14 September 1998
|rowspan=7|Standard edition (CD)
|align=center|[[Zomba Records|Zomba]]
|Z-CD-0110798
|-
|Netherlands<ref name=steponerelease/>
|14 September 1998
|align=center|Jive / EBUL
|015911-2
|-
|Japan<ref name=steponerelease/>
|1 January 1999
|align=center|Jive / AVEX
|AVCZ-95107
|-
|Germany<ref name=steponerelease/>
|2 March 1999
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Jive / EBUL
|
|-
|Canada<ref name=steponerelease/>
|9 July 1999
|01241-44149-2
|-
|United States<ref name=steponerelease/>
|8 February 2000
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|Jive
|01241-41688-4
|-
|Brazil<ref name=steponerelease/>
|21 August 2000
|01241-41635-2
|-
| Worldwide
| 23 February 2024
| Vinyl
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{STEPS}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1998 debut albums]]
[[Category:Steps (group) albums]]
[[Category:Jive Records albums]]

Chu-Chi Face

2025-06-01T02:47:40Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|1968 song from Chitty Chitty Bang Bang}}

"'''Chu-Chi Face'''" is a song from the 1968 [[musical film|musical]] [[motion picture]] ''[[Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]]''. In the film it is sung by [[Gert Fröbe]] as [[Baron Bomburst]] and [[Anna Quayle]] as [[Baroness Bomburst]].<ref name=Hadoke2019>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/04/anna-quayle-obituary |title=Anna Quayle obituary |last=Hadoke |first=Toby |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 4, 2019 |id={{ProQuest|2300817005}} }}</ref> "Chu-Chi Face" is also featured prominently in the stage musical version of ''[[Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (film)|Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]]'' which premiered in [[London]] at the [[London Palladium|Palladium]] in 2002 and on Broadway in 2005 at the newly refurbished [[Foxwoods Theatre]] (then the Hilton Theatre).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Effects drive the car in kid-friendly 'Chitty' |last=Rooney |first=David |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |volume=398 |issue=11 |date=May 2, 2005 |id={{ProQuest|236263833}} }}</ref> [[Brian Blessed]] and [[Nichola McAuliffe]] originated their respective stage roles at the London Palladium in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |title=A cheerful Chitty, but it doesn't quite go with a bang bang |last=Coveney |first=Michael |publisher=[[Daily Mail]] |location=London (UK) |date=April 17, 2002 |id={{ProQuest|321305407}} }}</ref>

==About the song==
As the baronial couple profess their love for one another, the [[Baron Bomburst|Baron]] is simultaneously trying to kill his wife through a variety of barbaric means, yet his attempts always fail.<ref name=Hadoke2019/> Despite the obvious attempts on her life, the [[Baroness Bomburst|Baroness]] completely overlooks the fact that her husband wants her dead, even after he triggers an [[axe]] to fall on her head, a barbed spike to fall from the chandelier, and a [[trap door]] to open under her. The song is a humorous take on couples who maintain a façade of undying love, but have secretly grown to despise one another.

==Songwriters==
The song was written by [[Robert B. Sherman]] & [[Richard M. Sherman]] (also known as the "[[Sherman Brothers]]").<ref name=Gates2024>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/25/arts/music/richard-m-sherman-dead.html |title=Richard Sherman, Songwriter of Many Spoonfuls of Sugar, Dies at 95: He and his brother, Robert, teamed up to write the songs for "Mary Poppins" and other Disney classics. |first=Anita |last=Gates |date=May 25, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |id={{ProQuest|3060004449}} }}</ref>

The instrumental version of this song is called the traditional Vulgarian dance which is accompanied by a [[brass band]] in the [[waltz]]'s rhythm.

A version titled "My Fluffy One" was used in a [[Yoplait]] commercial.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1968 songs]]
[[Category:Songs from Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]]
[[Category:Songs written by the Sherman Brothers]]

Paul Arthurs

2025-05-31T15:08:06Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|English musician (born 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{use British English|date=May 2025}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| image = File:Paularthurs.png
| caption = Arthurs in 2016
| name = Paul Arthurs
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name = Paul Benjamin Arthurs
| alias = Bonehead
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|6|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manchester]], England
| genre = {{hlist|[[Alternative rock]]|[[Britpop]]|[[pop rock]]}}
| occupation = Musician
| instrument = {{hlist|Guitar| keyboards|bass}}
| years_active = 1991–present
| label =
| current_member_of = [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]]
| past_member_of = {{hlist|Parlour Flames||Phoneys & the Freaks}}
}}

'''Paul Benjamin Arthurs''' (born 23 June 1965),<ref>{{cite book |last=McCarroll |first=Tony |date=2010 |title=Oasis: The Truth – My Life as Oasis's Drummer| location=London |publisher=John Blake Publishing Ltd. |page=276 |isbn=978-1-84358-499-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/paul-bonehead-arthurs-mn0002410133 |title=Paul "Bonehead" Arthurs |website=[[Allmusic]] |access-date=25 December 2023 |quote=Born: June 23, 1965 in Manchester, England.}}</ref> better known as '''Bonehead''', is an English musician. He is best known as the co-founder and rhythm guitarist of the rock band [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], playing with the band from its inception in 1991 until his departure in 1999.

After Oasis, Arthurs released albums as part of two duos, Parlour Flames and Phoneys & the Freaks, and has toured as a member of Oasis bandmate Liam Gallagher's solo band. In 2025, he joined the reformed Oasis for their [[Oasis Live '25 Tour]].

==Early life==
Arthurs was born in 1965 at [[Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester|Saint Mary's Hospital]] in Manchester,{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=2:23}} the son of Irish [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] parents.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=2:54}} He grew up in [[Longsight]] until his family moved to [[Levenshulme]] at age nine.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=2:30}} He went to [[St Monica's High School|St. Peter's Roman Catholic Grammar School]] in the nearby town of Prestwich.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=10:40}} He earned the nickname "Bonehead" at the age of eight after his parents insisted he get very short haircuts. "It was only my mum and dad throughout my life, really, that called me Paul," Arthurs said.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=7:51}} Arthurs left school in 1981 and worked as a plasterer.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=14:00}}

Arthurs started his first band, Pleasure and Pain, in 1984.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=16:23}} In the late 1980s, while working as a building contractor, he started a band, the Rain, with his friends [[Paul McGuigan (musician)|Paul "Guigsy" McGuigan]], [[Tony McCarroll]], and Chris Hutton.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=16:45}}

==Career==
{{BLP sources section|date=May 2025}}
===Oasis ===
When Hutton was sacked, he was replaced by [[Liam Gallagher]], who suggested the band change their name to [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]]. Liam and Arthurs teamed up as co-songwriters. However, the band were still unsuccessful until Liam encouraged his brother [[Noel Gallagher|Noel]], who had just come back from travelling the world as a roadie for [[Inspiral Carpets]], to join the band. Noel brought with him a collection of songs that were to make the band famous. Arthurs remembers the first songs Noel Gallagher played to him, "[[Live Forever (Oasis song)|Live Forever]]" and "[[All Around the World (Oasis song)|All Around the World]]". Arthurs was moved to tears when Noel played "[[Champagne Supernova]]" to the band on their tour bus.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=21:00}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/02/oasis-babyshambles-pulp-pogues-bandmates |title=The ones that got away – The Guardian |publisher=Guardian.co.uk |date= 2 June 2009|access-date=1 November 2011 |location=London}}</ref>
{{Quote box
| quote = "Bonehead was kind of the glue that held it all together. I would say he was the most forward thinking initially, beause he had been in bands before Oasis. If anything, I would say Bonehead was probably, in the early days, the spirit of Oasis."
| source = — Noel Gallagher in 2015<ref>{{cite book |last1=Halfon |first1=Simon |title=Supersonic: The Complete, Authorised and Uncut Interviews |date=2021 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=Great Britain |isbn=978-1-4722-8547-8 |page=40}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 30%
| bgcolor = #f9f9f9
}}
On his role in the band, Arthurs said: "I always used to say to Noel, 'I'll do the rhythm, mate'. He'd say, 'I'm doing these bits. You just do the [[barre chord]]s'. And no one could do those barre chords or rhythm better than me".{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=23:50}} He also played keyboards for the band, including [[piano]] and [[Mellotron]] on ''[[(What's the Story) Morning Glory?]]''. In 1995, Arthurs briefly shifted to [[bass guitar]] after Scott McLeod—who replaced McGuigan before he was convinced to rejoin—quit in the middle of Oasis' 1995 U.S. tour. The band's appearance on ''[[The Late Show with David Letterman]]'' was as a foursome with Arthurs on bass.

Arthurs was originally supposed to sing lead vocals on "Bonehead's Bank Holiday", a bonus track named after him and included in the vinyl version of ''(What's the Story) Morning Glory?'' After he and Liam Gallagher got intoxicated on the day of the recording, Noel Gallagher sang lead vocals instead. Backing vocals from both Arthurs and Liam can be heard on the track.

Arthurs left the band in 1999, during the recording of Oasis's fourth album, ''[[Standing on the Shoulder of Giants]]''. His official statement said he wanted to spend more time with his young family. "Aside from the band, everyone had their own little thing they had to deal with, but no time to deal with it, which sort of made for an atmosphere that wasn't fun anymore," he said.{{sfn|Boon|2018|loc=28:32}} Arthurs was replaced by [[Gem Archer]]; the rest of the band downplayed the reaction to his departure, Noel Gallagher commenting, "it's hardly [[Paul McCartney]] leaving [[the Beatles]]",<ref>{{cite web |title=BONEHEAD'S PERMANENT BANK HOLIDAY |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/oasis-981-1399739 |website=NME |date=10 July 1999 |access-date=17 September 2021}}</ref> though he later said of Arthurs and the also-exiting [[Paul McGuigan (musician)|Paul McGuigan]]: "We've got to respect their decision as family men".<ref>{{cite web |date=1999-08-26 |title=Oasis continue: definitely, not maybe |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/429895.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref>

In 2024, it was announced that Arthurs would be rejoining Oasis for their [[Oasis Live '25 Tour|2025 tour]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/bonehead-confirmed-taking-part-huge-29822239|title=Bonehead 'confirmed' to be taking part in huge Oasis 2025 reunion tour – reports|first=Adam|last=Maidment|date=28 August 2024|website=Manchester Evening News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2024/08/28/original-oasis-member-confirmed-return-2025-reunion-tour-21501917|title=Original Oasis member ‘confirmed’ to return for 2025 reunion tour|work=Metro|date=28 August 2024}}</ref>

===Post-Oasis===
In early 2007, Arthurs had a visible presence in the North West of England for the first time since leaving Oasis eight years previously. His support for [[Andy Rourke]]'s [[Versus Cancer]] fundraising concert saw the pair busking together in Manchester's [[Cathedral Gardens]] to raise cancer awareness and to fund raise for Manchester's [[Christie Hospital]]. On 30 March 2007, the Versus Cancer concert was held at Manchester's [[Manchester Arena|MEN Arena]]. Arthurs played bass guitar (rather than the trademark rhythm guitar from his Oasis days) in a two-song set. He was in a band billed as 'Electric Milk Band', which also featured former members of [[Happy Mondays]].

The group Parlour Flames, made up of Arthurs and Vinny Peculiar (Alan Wilkes), released an eponymous album in May 2013, Arthurs' first since leaving Oasis.<ref name="cherryred1">{{cite web |date=20 May 2013 |title=Cherry Red Records – Parlour Flames, cherry red records, indie, ALTERNATIVE |url=http://www.cherryred.co.uk/shopexd.asp?id=4131 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131345/http://www.cherryred.co.uk/shopexd.asp?id=4131 |archive-date=16 January 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Cherryred.co.uk }}</ref> Guest musicians on the project included percussionist Che Beresford and brass-player Bob Marsh from [[Badly Drawn Boy]] and Anna Zweck from Samson & Delilah on flute and backing vocals.<ref name="cherryred1" />

Arthurs' followed his Parlour Flames project up with a new group called Phoneys & the Freaks, started in 2014 with singer/songwriter Alex Lipinski. Their eponymous EP was released in May 2014 under Cherry Red Records; it included four tracks and was made available on vinyl and digital download.

===Liam Gallagher===
[[File:ReadingFest290821-102 (51414455357).jpg|thumb|250px|Arthurs (right) performing with Liam Gallagher at the [[Reading Festival]] in 2021]]
In 2013 and 2014, Arthurs performed with [[Liam Gallagher]]'s band [[Beady Eye]] filling in for [[Gem Archer]], who suffered from a head injury. This led to Arthurs reuniting with Gallagher.

Arthurs also joined Liam Gallagher to play rhythm guitar on the song "Bold" and keyboard on "For What It's Worth" on Liam's solo album ''[[As You Were (Liam Gallagher album)|As You Were]]''. He joined the band on their debut performance at the [[O2 Ritz]] in Manchester, playing rhythm guitar on the Oasis track "Be Here Now".

On 22 May 2018, Arthurs performed with Gallagher at the [[London Stadium]] as part of Gallagher's support slot for [[The Rolling Stones]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/liam-gallagher-live-forever-manchester-rolling-stones-2322879|title=Liam Gallagher joined by Bonehead during Rolling Stones support slot |website=Nme.com|date=22 May 2018}}</ref>

On 18 August 2018, Arthurs along with his son Jude and [[Richard Ashcroft]], joined Gallagher on stage to perform "[[Live Forever (Oasis song)|Live Forever]]" at Gallagher's gig at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]].

During November 2019, Arthurs joined Gallagher on stage to perform Oasis songs during Gallagher's UK and Ireland ''Why Me, Why Not'' shows, usually amounting to 10 or 11 songs in a set. As of 2020, Arthurs continued to tour with the Liam Gallagher band, later joining Liam for a virtual reality concert on 5 December 2020 called "[[Down by the River Thames]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hann |first=Michael |date=7 December 2020 |title=Liam Gallagher showboats with Down by the River Thames gig |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/450fca1f-a579-4ba0-b61e-92461ca7ccbd |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>

From 27 to 29 August 2021, Arthurs joined Gallagher to perform his set headlining [[Reading & Leeds Festivals]], playing songs from Gallagher's solo career, as well as Oasis songs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bassett |first=Jordan |date=30 August 2021 |title=Liam Gallagher at Reading Festival 2021: he's in brash, brother-baiting rockstar mode |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/live/liam-gallagher-at-reading-festival-2021-review-3033063 |access-date=21 November 2023 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Following a health scare, Arthurs bowed out of Liam's 2022 and 2023 tours, but returned for his 2024 tour.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1622271090893664256|user=BoneheadsPage|title=@rkidzoe I'll be there yes|first=Paul|last=Arthurs|author-link=Paul Arthurs|access-date=28 March 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1625909537134809088|user=BoneheadsPage|title=@Massimo8000 Yes|first=Paul|last=Arthurs|author-link=Paul Arthurs|access-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224165215/https://twitter.com/BoneheadsPage/status/1625909537134809088|archive-date=24 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=BoneheadsPage|number=1674812939990073344|title=I'm really sorry but I won't be playing onstage with Liam at any gigs this Summer}} {{better source needed|date=March 2024}}</ref>

==Equipment==
Arthurs used the same 1982 Japanese-made [[Epiphone Riviera]] on every Oasis recording and gig throughout his tenure the band.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mojo4music.com/articles/1025/bonehead |title=Bonehead: "Leaving Oasis Was The Right Thing For Me To Do" |last=Wilson |first=Lois |date=12 August 2013 |website=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]] |access-date=11 August 2020 |quote=My most treasured possession...is my guitar. It's an Epiphone Riviera from the '80s and I played it on every Oasis record and played it at every Oasis gig.}}{{dead link|date=May 2025}}</ref> On the cover of ''[[Definitely Maybe]]'', which was shot in Arthurs' living room, the Epiphone is visible propped up against the back wall.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=2024-08-19 |title=Oasis – ‘Definitely Maybe’; Five Crucial Facts |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/oasis-definitely-maybe-five-crucial-facts/ |magazine=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]] |quote=Bonehead’s beloved Epiphone Riviera, which he used on every Oasis recording and gig during his tenure in the band, is propped against the back wall. |access-date=2025-05-23}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Arthurs and his wife Kate are the parents of a daughter and a son.<ref>{{cite news |last=Egan |first=Barry |date=2013-06-10 |title=Chilled out to the Bone |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/chilled-out-to-the-bone/29330896.html |work=[[The Irish Independent]] |access-date=2025-05-23}}</ref>

On 26 April 2022, Arthurs said he had been diagnosed with [[tonsil cancer]] and could not join Liam Gallagher on his tour in order to undergo treatment.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.sky.com/story/oasis-former-guitarist-bonehead-diagnosed-with-tonsil-cancer-12599520 | title=Oasis: Guitarist Bonehead diagnosed with tonsil cancer }}</ref> On 29 September, Arthurs said he was cancer-free.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CjGYXuNt2gK/?igshid=NDc0ODY0MjQ= | title=Paul Arthurs on Instagram }}</ref>

Unlike the Gallagher Brothers and McGuigan who are [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] supporters, Bonehead is a [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] fan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My Manchester United: Paul 'Bonehead' Arthurs |url=http://www.stopcryingyourheartout.co.uk/2013/06/my-manchester-united-paul-bonehead.html |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=stopcryingyourheartout.co.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* {{cite podcast |last=Boon |first=Clint |url=https://open.spotify.com/episode/0EabV5qq4RvSYENfk5N81y |title=Paul 'Bonehead' Arthurs |publisher=Humans of XS Manchester |date=13 November 2018 |access-date=30 April 2025}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130615211633/http://parlourflames.com/ The official Parlour Flames website]

{{Oasis}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arthurs, Paul}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English rock guitarists]]
[[Category:Oasis (band) members]]
[[Category:Musicians from Manchester]]
[[Category:People from Burnage]]
[[Category:British rhythm guitarists]]
[[Category:Britpop musicians]]
[[Category:English rock pianists]]
[[Category:English rock keyboardists]]
[[Category:English multi-instrumentalists]]
[[Category:English people of Irish descent]]

Oliver Phelps (actor)

2025-05-24T01:48:04Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|British actor}}
{{For|Oliver Phelps's career and activities shared with his brother|James and Oliver Phelps}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Oliver Phelps
| image = Oliver Phelps by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Phelps at the 2023 [[Phoenix Fan Fusion]]
| birth_name = Oliver Martyn John Phelps
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|2|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sutton Coldfield]], Birmingham, England
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|podcaster}}
| yearsactive = 2000–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Katy Humphage|2015}}
| children = 2
| relatives = [[James Phelps (actor)|James Phelps]] (brother)
}}

'''Oliver Martyn John Phelps''' (born 25 February 1986) is an English actor and podcaster. He is known for playing [[Fred and George Weasley|George Weasley]] in the ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' film series from 2001 to 2011, alongside his twin brother, [[James Phelps (actor)|James Phelps]], who played Fred Weasley. The twins have continued to work together as a duo on other projects.

==Early life==
Oliver Phelps was born in the [[Sutton Coldfield]] area of Birmingham,<ref name="southend">{{cite web |title=INTERVIEW OLIVER PHELPS – The Case of the Frightened Lady |url=http://www.southendtheatrescene.com/oliverphelpsinterview.html |website=southendtheatrescene.com |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510182653/http://www.southendtheatrescene.com/oliverphelpsinterview.html |url-status=live }}</ref> England on 25 February 1986, 13 minutes before his brother James. They are the only children of Susan (née Spare) and Martyn Phelps. Growing up, Oliver and his brother attended Little Sutton Primary School and the Arthur Terry Secondary School. During the filming of the ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' series, the twins were tutored on set.<ref name="Oxford Union">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey0o69yYSFs |title=Oliver and James Phelps Full Q&A Oxford Union |via=YouTube |date=25 October 2016 |access-date=19 May 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514152947/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey0o69yYSFs |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
In 2000, despite having no previous acting experience, the twins skipped school to attend an open audition in Leeds. After about six auditions, the twins were cast as [[Fred and George Weasley]] in the film ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]''.<ref name="Oxford Union"/> At the first table reading after being cast, Oliver was given the role of George and James was given the role of Fred.

In 2009, the twins appeared as brothers in the fifth episode of the third season of the TV series ''[[Kingdom (UK TV series)|Kingdom]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1434776/?ref_=ttfc_fc_cl_i94|title="Kingdom" Episode #3.5 (TV Episode 2009) - IMDb|publisher=IMDb|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102170924/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1434776/?ref_=ttfc_fc_cl_i94|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, they starred in ''A Mind's Eye'', a short documentary film based on the philosophical ideas of [[Plato]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMZL_CH8jWI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/aMZL_CH8jWI |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=MAKING OF 'A MIND'S EYE' [WEASLEY TWINS CUT] – YouTube|via=YouTube|date=February 2012 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="mindseyeimdb">{{cite web |title=A Mind's Eye (2009) - IMdb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2859884/ |publisher=IMDb |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726214331/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2859884/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The twins have also been involved in the Harry Potter Exhibition. They were present during its 2009 opening in Chicago and later toured various cities and countries to promote it.<ref name="Oxford Union"/>

In January 2014, the twins attended the Harry Potter Celebration in Orlando, Florida along with [[Evanna Lynch]], [[Matthew Lewis (actor)|Matthew Lewis]], and [[Devon Murray]]. They also made a LiveCast where they answered fans' questions and talked about the expansion at [[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]].<ref name="themepark">{{cite web |last1=Niles |first1=Robert |title=Universal Orlando reveals details from The Wizarding World of Harry Potter – Diagon Alley |url=https://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201401/3858/ |website=themeparkinsider.com |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510232306/https://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201401/3858/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Oliver Phelps made his stage debut in 2018, in a production of ''The Case of the Frightened Lady'' (based on a novel of the same name by [[Edgar Wallace]]) at the [[Grand Opera House, York]]. He shared the stage with fellow actor [[Deborah Grant]].<ref name="northerEcho">{{cite news |title=Theatre: Oliver Phelps, makes his stage debut in The Case of the Frightened Lady |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/culture/16320238.theatre-oliver-phelps-makes-stage-debut-case-frightened-lady/ |access-date=10 May 2021 |agency=The Northern Echo |date=28 June 2018 |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511134003/https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/culture/16320238.theatre-oliver-phelps-makes-stage-debut-case-frightened-lady/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="review">{{cite web |last1=Hutchinson |first1=Charles |title=Review: The Case of the Frightened Lady, The Classic Thriller Theatre Company, Grand Opera House, York |url=https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/16348154.review-case-frightened-lady-classic-thriller-theatre-company-grand-opera-house-york/ |website=yorkpress.co.uk |date=11 July 2018 |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510182658/https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/16348154.review-case-frightened-lady-classic-thriller-theatre-company-grand-opera-house-york/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Podcast ===
[[File:Oliver Phelps 2013.jpg|thumb|Phelps at ''[[Man of Steel (film)|Man of Steel]]'' red carpet movie premiere, Sydney, 2013]]
Phelps has also collaborated with his brother on a podcast, which was launched on YouTube<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZRLDuaN8O4q6JX-qx_UKZQ|title=Oliver and James Phelps – YouTube|via=YouTube|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711011620/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZRLDuaN8O4q6JX-qx_UKZQ|url-status=live}}</ref> and various streaming services, including Spotify<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/show/7l15XRFcot4JcNvaKAH6Vh|title=Normal Not Normal – Podcast on Spotify|website=spotify.com|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418063044/https://open.spotify.com/show/7l15XRFcot4JcNvaKAH6Vh|url-status=live}}</ref> and iTunes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/normal-not-normal/id1509649093?uo=4|title=Normal Not Normal on Apple Podcasts|website=podcasts.apple.com|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613141104/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/normal-not-normal/id1509649093?uo=4|url-status=live}}</ref>

The first season, which premiered in 2017, featured James and Oliver discussing their previous travels.

The second season of the podcast was released in 2020 during quarantine, and the twins interviewed guests and spoke about their personal lives.

In 2021, they released a third season, titled "Normal Not Normal", on which they collaborated with Stabl production; this season is more structured and professionally edited compared to the previous season. In this season they discuss what normal really is and if it even exists. They have interviewed celebrities including [[Sasha Banks]], [[Tom Hopper]], [[Mara Wilson]], as well as their former co-stars, such as [[Katie Leung]], [[Evanna Lynch]], and [[Alfred Enoch|Alfie Enoch.]]

==Personal life and philanthropy==
Phelps married Katy Humphage in 2015. They have two daughters named Autumn and Emilia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=Harry Potter stars' babies: see the cast who now have children of their own |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/film/495466/harry-potter-stars-babies-cast-children/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=HELLO! |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2003, Oliver and his brother planted trees at the [[National Forest, England|National Forest]], in [[Leicestershire]]. The trees were birch and ash—the same types of wood that helped make the broomsticks used in the ''Harry Potter'' films.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 January 2003|title=Potter twins plant trees|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2674379.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203111827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2674379.stm|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>

The twins are supporters of [[Teenage Cancer Trust]],<ref name="teenageCancerTrust">{{cite web|title=James and Oliver Phelps visit Birmingham unit|url=https://www.teenagecancertrust.org/about-us/our-story/people/celebrity-news/james-and-oliver-phelps-visit-birmingham-unit|access-date=10 May 2021|website=teenagecancertrust.org|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510180153/https://www.teenagecancertrust.org/about-us/our-story/people/celebrity-news/james-and-oliver-phelps-visit-birmingham-unit|url-status=live}}</ref> the "Celebrity World Cup Soccer Six",<ref name="soccer">{{cite web|title=Stars pitch in for Soccer Six|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/stars-pitch-in-for-soccer-six-22545|access-date=10 May 2021|website=birminghammail.co.uk|date=14 May 2006 |archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510232545/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/stars-pitch-in-for-soccer-six-22545|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Virgin Money Giving]] drive,<ref name="virginmoney">{{cite web|title=Oliver Phelps' fundraising page|url=http://uk.virginmoneygiving.com/fundraiser-web/fundraiser/showFundraiserProfilePage.action?userUrl=oliverphelps|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721223202/http://uk.virginmoneygiving.com/fundraiser-web/fundraiser/showFundraiserProfilePage.action?userUrl=oliverphelps|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> and [[Cancer Research UK]] in Australia.<ref name="express">{{cite web|title=Stars turn out for match in aid of Harry Moseley's charity|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/editors-picks/2014/05/19/stars-turn-out-for-match-in-aid-of-harry-moseleys-charity/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=expressandstar.com|date=19 May 2014 |archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519215453/https://www.expressandstar.com/editors-picks/2014/05/19/stars-turn-out-for-match-in-aid-of-harry-moseleys-charity/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Film and television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2001
|''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]''
|rowspan=5|[[Fred and George Weasley|George Weasley]]
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]''
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)|Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]''
|
|-
|2005
|''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)|Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]''
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)|Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]''
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2009
|''[[Kingdom (UK TV series)|Kingdom]]''
|Finlay Anderson
|Episode #3.5
|-
|''[[A Mind's Eye (film)|A Mind's Eye]]''
|Stanley
|Short Film
|-
|''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)|Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]''
|rowspan=4|George Weasley
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey]]''
|Short film Robocoaster at [[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)|The Wizarding World of Harry Potter – Hogsmeade]]
|-
|2010
|''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1]]''
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2]]''
|
|-
|2013
| '' Ears''
| Mr Ears
| Short Film
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
|''Own Worst Enemy''
|Constable Stroyde
|
|-
|''[[Hogwarts Express (Universal Orlando Resort)|Hogwarts Express]]''
|George Weasley
|Short film Shuttle service between destinations at [[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)|The Wizarding World of Harry Potter – Hogsmeade and Diagon Alley]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2015
|''[[King of the Nerds (UK TV series)|King of the Nerds]]''
|Himself
|Guest Appearance(s) episode 7
|-
|''[[Danny and the Human Zoo]]''
|Mr. Barry Carter
|TV film
|-
|rowspan=1|2019
|''7 days The Story of "Blind Dave" Heeley''
|Dr. Mathews
|Short Film
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Last Night in Soho]]''
| Ben
|
|-
| Rowspan=2|2022
| ''[[Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts]]''
| Rowspan=3|Himself
| [[HBO Max]] Special
|-
|''Fantastic Friends''
|Travel Show
|-
|2024
|''Harry Potter: Wizards of Baking''
|Warner Bros Reality show
|-
|}

===Video games===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Note
|-
|2007
|''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)|Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]''
|rowspan=2|George Weasley (voice)
|rowspan=2|Video game
|-
|2010
|''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game)|Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1]]''
|}

===Stage===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Note
|-
|2018
|''The Case of the Frightened Lady ''
|Detective Sergeant Totti
|Play based on a book by [[Edgar Wallace]].
|}

==References==
{{Reflist |25em
| refs =
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|962360|Oliver Phelps}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phelps, James}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:English male film actors]]
[[Category:Identical twin male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Sutton Coldfield]]
[[Category:English expatriate male actors in the United States]]
[[Category:English identical twins]]
[[Category:English male child actors]]
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]
[[Category:English stage actors]]

Bob Carolgees

2025-05-18T01:12:52Z

80.192.231.72: /* Spit the Dog */

{{Short description|British comedy entertainer (born 1948)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = 
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = Robert Frederick Johnson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|5|12|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active = 1979-2006
| known_for = Spit the Dog
| notable_works =
}}
'''Bob Carolgees''' (born '''Robert Frederick Johnson'''; 12 May 1948<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://companycheck.co.uk/director/901327564/MR-ROBERT-FREDERICK-JOHNSON/summary|title=MR ROBERT FREDERICK JOHNSON director information. Free director information. Director id 901327564}}</ref>) is a British comedy entertainer who appeared on the Saturday morning [[TV]] series ''[[Tiswas]]'' and then later in its adult versions ''[[O.T.T. (television series)|O.T.T.]]'' and ''[[Saturday Stayback]]''. He is best known for appearing with a canine puppet named Spit the Dog. Carolgees also worked for eight years on the TV show ''[[Surprise Surprise (British TV series)|Surprise Surprise]]'' and on children's game show ''Concentrate''. In popular culture he has cameo roles with Spit the Dog.

==Career==
{{BLP sources section|date=June 2017}}
In the early 1970s Carolgees ran a DJ and modelling school in Liverpool. After a five-week course, DJs and models were tested in front of an audience at the Sportsmans Club in central Liverpool. He first appeared in a guest spot on ''[[Tiswas]]'' on 31 March 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tiswasonline.com/whos_who.php?person=carolgees|title=Tiswas Online list of Bob Carolgees appearances|publisher=Tiswas Online|date=7 May 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718110709/http://www.tiswasonline.com/whos_who.php?person=carolgees|archive-date=18 July 2006|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Clowning around with a monkey puppet named Charlie, Carolgees went down well with the viewing audience and after being invited back for several guest spots he soon became a team presenter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tiswasonline.com/articles.php?section=later|title='Later Magazine' Tiswas article|publisher=Tiswas Online|date=September 1999|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020638/http://www.tiswasonline.com/articles.php?section=later|archive-date=28 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Carolgees, in pyjamas and headband, was also the ''Tiswas'' character ''Houdi Elbow'', a comedy psychic and small-time magician.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

As well as gaining national fame with these and Spit the Dog (plus Cough the Cat), he was also part of The [[Four Bucketeers]] who made the UK Top 30 in 1980, even making a ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/totp2/videoclips/date/1980/index.shtml|title=Top of the Pops Videoclips|publisher=BBC|date=7 May 2007}}</ref>

Carolgees went on to work for eight years alongside [[Cilla Black]] in ''[[Surprise Surprise (British TV series)|Surprise Surprise]]'' and for nearly two decades he entertained British armed forces around the world.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3777813.stm|title=Spit the Dog sale fetches £5,000|publisher=BBC|date=5 June 2004}}</ref> He also fronted pop/game show ''Hold Tight!'', produced by [[Granada Television]] for [[Children's ITV]] and game show Concentration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Bob_Carolgees |title=Bob Carolgees at ukgameshows.com |publisher=ukgameshows.com |date=7 May 2007}}</ref>

Throughout the 1980s, Carolgees appeared in a series of TV adverts for Hellmann's Mayonnaise.

Carolgees was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (British TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in 1994 when he was surprised by [[Michael Aspel]] at the [[Lyceum Theatre (Crewe)|Lyceum Theatre]] in Crewe.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

Carolgees used to own a candle shop, Carolgees Candles, in [[Frodsham]], [[Cheshire]].<ref name="noble">{{cite news| last= Noble| first= Ross| author-link= Ross Noble| title= Ross Noble's Twitter tour of Britain| url= https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2011/jun/11/ross-noble-twitter-tour-uk | work= [[The Guardian]] Travel section| page=5| date= 11 June 2020| access-date= 20 November 2020 }}</ref> He temporarily came out of show business retirement to appear with all his old colleagues in ''[[Tiswas#Tiswas Reunited – The 2007 Special|Tiswas Reunited]]'' on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] on 16 June 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itvmedia.co.uk/default.asp?section=104&page=575&subpage=2109|title=ITV Media — Tiswas Reunited|publisher=ITV|date=7 May 2007}}</ref>

Carolgees appeared in [[pantomime]] at [[Hull New Theatre]] for the 2013 run of [[Jack and the Beanstalk]], replacing an unwell [[Keith Harris (ventriloquist)|Keith Harris]]. Carolgees was quoted as saying "What I had missed most was panto".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Christopher-Biggins-Bob-Carolgees-star-Jack/story-20019342-detail/story.html|title=Christopher Biggins and Bob Carolgees are to star in Jack and the Beanstalk at Hull New Theatre|date=1 November 2013|newspaper=Hull Daily Mail|access-date=19 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104005603/http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Christopher-Biggins-Bob-Carolgees-star-Jack/story-20019342-detail/story.html|archive-date=4 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2017 Carolgees again came out of retirement for pantomime.

==Spit the Dog==
Spit the Dog is a [[puppet]] best known, as his name suggests, for his [[spitting]]. An early Spit the Dog puppet raised over £5,000 at a [[Christie's]] [[auction]] in 2004.<ref name="autogenerated2004"/>

==Stage name==
The name Carolgees comes from friends Carole and George Dunmore who owned a record shop called Carolgees Records & Cassettes. Carole Gee was his assistant in an earlier stint as a youth leader in what is now the MAC Midlands Arts Centre [[mac (Birmingham)]] in the late 1960s. Carole and George also operated a mobile disco called Carolgees Cabaret Disco around [[Merseyside]] and was where Carolgees developed his act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upandhappy.podomatic.com/entry/2007-06-11T06_14_27-07_00|title=Totally Tiswas — Show One|publisher=Up And Happy podcast|date=16 June 2007}}
</ref>

==In popular culture==
Carolgees received a mention in every episode of ''[[That Peter Kay Thing]]'', and appeared in the episode 'Leonard'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/guide/articles/t/thatpeterkaythin_66603350.shtml|title=BBC Guide To Comedy — That Peter Kay Thing|publisher=BBC|date=7 May 2007}}</ref> He and ''Spit the Dog'' can briefly be seen hosting a ''[[Trisha Goddard (TV series)|Trisha]]'' style early morning discussion show in [[Peter Kay]]'s follow up comedy ''[[Phoenix Nights]]''. He can also be seen on the back of a leaflet in the toilets in the first episode.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0139020/|title=Bob Carolgees at IMDB|publisher=IMDB|date=7 May 2007}}</ref> Carolgees and puppet Spit the Dog appeared in a 2015 episode of ITV series ''[[Who's Doing the Dishes?]]''

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0139020|Bob Carolgees}}
*[http://www.hamiltonmanagement.co.uk/ Booking Agent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227201556/http://www.hamiltonmanagement.co.uk/ |date=27 February 2015 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carolgees, Bob}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Entertainers from Birmingham, West Midlands]]
[[Category:English puppeteers]]

Manfred Mann (musician)

2025-05-07T06:47:02Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|South African-born musician (born 1940)}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Manfred Mann
| image = 2016 Lieder am See - Manfred Manns Earth Band - Manfred Mann - by 2eight - DSC4609.jpg
| caption = Mann performing with his [[Manfred Mann's Earth Band|Earth Band]] in 2016
| birth_name = Manfred Sepse Lubowitz
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1940|10|21}}
| birth_place = [[Johannesburg]], [[Union of South Africa]]
| origin = [[London]], England
| instrument = {{hlist|Keyboards|vocals}}
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Beat music|Beat]]<ref name=Petridis>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/oct/14/60s-hitmakers-manfred-mann-ive-sung-this-10000-times-and-never-liked-it |title=60s hitmakers Manfred Mann: 'I've sung this 10,000 times and never liked it!' |last=Petridis |first=Alexis |date=October 14, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2023-03-02 |quote=it is perfect evidence of how different Manfred Mann were from their contemporaries in what was then called the beat boom. [...] In fact, it's impressive how deftly Manfred Mann navigated the ever changing landscape of late-60s pop, releasing singles that hinted at a variety of trends – psychedelia, Kinks-y social satire, post-flower-power rootsiness}}</ref>
*[[blues rock]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/the-foote-files-manfred-mann/ |title=The Foote Files: Manfred Mann |date=February 20, 2019 |publisher=CBS News |access-date=2023-03-02 |quote=Manfred Mann was a British blues/rock quintet formed in England in the late 1950s.}}</ref>
*[[British rhythm and blues|R&B]]<ref name=Eder>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/manfred-mann-mn0000674662 |title=Manfred Mann Biography by Bruce Eder
|last=Eder|first=Bruce |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2023-03-02 |quote=An R&B band that only played pop to get on the charts}}</ref>
*[[Psychedelic music|psychedelia]]<ref name=Petridis/>
*[[jazz rock]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio |url=https://www.manfredmann60s.co.uk/bio/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Manfredmann60s.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[progressive rock]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MANFRED MANN'S EARTH BAND band / artist (UK-England) - discography, reviews and details |url=https://www.proggnosis.com/Artist/185 |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Proggnosis.com}}</ref>
*[[hard rock]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=kingsley |date=2020-03-19 |title=Manfred Mann - A Mann and his music |url=https://www.beat-magazine.co.uk/2020/manfred-mann-a-mann-and-his-music/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Beat Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>
}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Musician|songwriter|record producer}}
| years_active = 1960s–present
| current_member_of = {{Unbulleted list|[[Manfred Mann]]|[[Manfred Mann Chapter Three]]|[[Manfred Mann's Earth Band]]}}
| website = {{url|manfredmann.co.uk}}
}}

'''Manfred Sepse Lubowitz'''<ref name="Corich">Robert M Corich and Andy Taylor, Sleeve Notes, ''The Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band Re-Mastered'', 1998</ref> (born 21 October 1940), known professionally as '''Manfred Mann''', is a South African-born musician, residing in the UK since 1961. He is best known as a founding member of the eponymous bands [[Manfred Mann]], [[Manfred Mann Chapter Three]] and [[Manfred Mann's Earth Band]].

== Early life and career ==
Lubowitz was raised in a [[Lithuanian Jews|Lithuanian Jewish]] family in [[Johannesburg]], the son of David Lubowitz and Alma Cohen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Benarde |first=Scott |date=2003 |title=Stars of David: Rock'n'roll's Jewish stories |location=Hanover, NH |publisher=Brandeis University Press |page=79 }}</ref> He studied music at the [[University of the Witwatersrand]], and worked as a [[jazz]] pianist at a number of [[nightclub|clubs]] in Johannesburg.

Strongly opposed to the [[apartheid]] system in his native South Africa,<ref name="Corich" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/manfred-mann-interview-july-2024|title=Manfred Mann, the Synthesiser Man, Hates AI in Music|date=15 August 2024|website=www.popmatters.com}}</ref> Lubowitz moved to the United Kingdom in 1961 and began to write for ''Jazz News'' under the pseudonym Manfred Manne (after jazz drummer [[Shelly Manne]]), which was soon shortened to Manfred Mann.<ref>Roger Dopson, sleeve notes, ''Manfred Mann: The E.P. Collection'', 1989</ref>

== Manfred Mann (band) ==
''Further Information: [[Manfred Mann]]''
[[File:Manfred Mann (1967).jpg|thumb|upright|Mann in 1967]]In 1962, he met drummer and keyboard player [[Mike Hugg]] at [[Clacton]] [[Butlins]] Holiday Camp; together they formed a large [[blues]]-jazz band called the Mann-Hugg Blues Brothers. This eventually evolved into a five-piece group [[Manfred Mann|named after him]], and they signed a record deal with [[EMI]] in 1963, under the [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]] label.

Prominent in the [[Swinging Sixties|Swinging London]] scene of the 1960s, the group regularly appeared in the [[UK Singles Chart]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The story of pop: Episode 12: England Swings |agency=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00y461f |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book |first=David |last=Roberts |year=2006 |title=British Hit Singles & Albums |edition=19th |publisher=Guinness World Records Limited |location=London |isbn=1-904994-10-5 |pages=345–346}}</ref> Three of their most successful singles, "[[Do Wah Diddy Diddy]]", "[[Pretty Flamingo]]", and "[[Mighty Quinn (song)|Mighty Quinn]]", topped the UK charts.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums" /> The band's 1964 hit "[[5-4-3-2-1]]" was the theme tune for the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] pop music show ''[[Ready Steady Go!]]''.<ref name="Guinness Rockopedia">{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessrockoped0000unse/page/258 |title=Guinness Rockopedia |publisher=Guinness Publishing Ltd. |year=1998 |isbn=0-85112-072-5 |edition=first |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/guinnessrockoped0000unse/page/258 258] |url-access=registration}}</ref> They were also the first southern-England-based group to top the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] during the [[British Invasion]].<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums" />

The band split up in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://player.listenlive.co/34491/en/artist/df_9c6d95f9-5101-49d9-ae1c-cff73b9e3317/biography|title=104.5 Classic Rock - Biography - Manfred Mann|website=Player.listenlive.co}}</ref>

== Manfred Mann Chapter Three ==
With Manfred Mann recently broken up, Mann and Mike Hugg created [[Manfred Mann Chapter Three]]. The group's debut performance, which was at Newcastle's Mayfair ballroom on 24 October 1969, consisted of Mann and Hugg on keyboards and organ,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manfredmann.co.uk/?album=manfred-mann-chapter-three|title=Manfred Mann Chapter Three|website=Manfremann.co.uk}}</ref> as well as:

* Bernie Living (alto sax)
* Steve York (bass guitar)
* Craig Collinge (drums)

They were also backed by a five-piece brass group consisting of:

* Clive Stevens (tenor sax)
* Carl Griffiths (tenor sax)
* Dave Coxhill (baritone sax)
* Gerald Drewett (trombone)
* Sonny Corbett (trumpet)

They recorded two albums: ''[[Manfred Mann Chapter Three (album)|Manfred Mann Chapter Three]]'', in 1969, and ''[[Manfred Mann Chapter Three Volume Two]]'', in 1970. The group were never commercially successful, and split up in late 1970.

== Manfred Mann's Earth Band ==
{{Further information|Manfred Mann's Earth Band}}
In 1971, Mann formed [[Manfred Mann's Earth Band]]. They had a chart topping hit in 1976 with a cover of the 1973 [[Bruce Springsteen]] song "[[Blinded by the Light]]"; their cover went to number one in Canada and the U.S.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Manfred Mann {{!}} Biography, Music & News |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/manfred-mann/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>

Although the group never had the same success of "Blinded by the Light", as of 2025 the band is still active, and Mann still tours with the group along with founding member [[Mick Rogers (musician)|Mick Rogers]].<ref name=MMEBsite_2024-08-31>{{cite web| publisher=Manfred Mann's Earth Band| title=Manfred Mann's Earth Band| date=2024-08-31| url=https://www.manfredmann.co.uk/tour/| accessdate=2024-09-02}}</ref>

== Solo and guest work ==
Manfred Mann appeared as a jazz pianist in the 1969 Jesús Franco film ''[[Venus in Furs (1969 Franco film)|Venus in Furs]]'', and performed the score for that film. He also released solo projects under the names Manfred Mann's Plain Music and Manfred Mann '06.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/mann_manfred_individual_/artist.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820072616/http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/mann_manfred_individual_/artist.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2004 |title=Manfred Mann &No. 124; Free Music Videos, News, Photos, Interviews, Lyrics, Tour Dates, Ringtones |website=Vh1.com |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref>

Manfred Mann played a [[Minimoog]] solo on the Uriah Heep song "[[July Morning (song)|July Morning]]". He also played keyboards on Trevor Rabin's album ''[[Wolf (Trevor Rabin album)|Wolf]]''.

== Style ==
Mann has used various keyboard instruments through his career (piano and organ in the early 1960s, later also including [[Mellotron]]), but he is especially known for his distinctive solo performance on the Minimoog synthesizer, which he personalized by extensive use of a [[Filter (signal processing)|filter]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Sunderkötter |first1=von Jörg |title=Manfred Mann: Interview mit dem Wizard of Minimoog |url=https://www.keyboards.de/stories/manfred-mann-interview-mit-dem-wizard-of-minimoog/ |website=Keyboards.de|access-date=16 May 2021 |language=de-DE |date=20 March 2017}}</ref> His keyboard parts are often improvised and inspired by jazz. One example, as he explained in an interview with ''eclipsed'' magazine, is his tendency to bend notes downwards on the synthesizer, which he says he got from [[Miles Davis]].

In the 2000s, he has regularly used a Roland [[keytar]] on stage for two or three songs. The instrument is visually striking for being decorated with [[Zebra#Stripes|zebra stripes]]. In the early 1970s, he played drums during the intro of the song "Black and Blue".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9TP7fgzVRU|title=Manfred Mann's Earth Band - Black And Blue (Sydney 1972)|date=26 January 2015 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

=== Equipment ===
[[File:Manfred-Mann-1973.jpg|upright|thumb|Mann in 1973]]
By the early 1970s Mann used a [[Hammond M-3|Hammond M3]] organ which he had acquired from [[Alan Price]] and then modified to give it a grittier sound.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=McGaw |first=Candy |date=1976 |title=Manfreds know who to blame |url=https://www.platform-end.co.uk/archive-1/articles-archive/articles/#article1976 |journal=Rockstar UK}}</ref> This instrument was the basis for his live keyboard setup in Chapter Three as well as the classic Earth Band lineup until the late 1970s. For the Earth Band Mann added a [[Minimoog]] monophonic synthesizer to his setup which he had bought in the summer of 1971.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Klee |first=Joe |date=26 February 1973 |title=5 Generations of Manfred Mann |url=https://www.platform-end.co.uk/archive-1/articles-archive/articles/#article1973 |journal=Rock Magazine}}</ref> By the mid-1970s he added a [[Fender Rhodes]] 73 Stage Piano to his setup.<ref name=":1" />

In the late 1970s and early 1980s he combined the Minimoog with an [[Oberheim SEM]] to expand the filter and effect section.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=16 April 2022 |title=Legendäre Keyboarder: Manfred Mann – seine Musik, seine Geschichte |url=https://www.amazona.de/legendaere-keyboarder-manfred-mann-seine-musik-seine-geschichte/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Amazona.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> At this point Mann used a considerably bigger live setup for which he had replaced the bulky Hammond M3 with a one-manual Korg CX-3 organ and added a Yamaha CP-70 for piano sounds as well as an ARP Omni for string sounds.<ref name=":2" />

When digital keyboards became more common, Mann began replacing the bulky analogue instruments with them. In the early 1990s he used a Yamaha SY77 and a [[Korg M1|Korg M-1]] together with the Minimoog. During the 1990s Mann also used a Yamaha VL 1.<ref name=":2" />

By the early 2000s Mann had replaced the Minimoog with a new [[Minimoog Voyager]] for his live setup which he combined with a [[Korg Z1]] for other sounds. In the 2010s he dropped the analogue Moog synthesizers from his live setup altogether and moved to a digital setup consisting of keyboards like the Roland V-Combo.<ref name=":0" />

Mann has relied on effect pedals to achieve his keyboard sounds. When he was using an analogue setup he fed his Hammond organ into a [[MXR Phase 100]] and his Rhodes into a MXR Phase 90.<ref name=":1" /> His lead sounds are often combined with distortion pedals and fuzz boxes, especially for studio recordings.<ref name=":2" /> In the 1970s Mann used an [[Echoplex]] tape delay with his Minimoog.<ref name=":1" />

During the 1970s Mann used guitar amps to amplify his keyboard sounds. While the Hammond organ and Rhodes went into a 200 watts Highwatt half stack, the Minimoog was amplified using an Acoustic half stack, consisting of an Acoustic 270 amp and an Acoustic 271 cabinet.<ref name=":1" />

== Discography ==
*''See [[Manfred Mann discography]], [[Manfred Mann Chapter Three]] and [[Manfred Mann's Earth Band discography]].''
* ''[[Plains Music]]'' (1991) credited to Manfred Mann's Plains Music
* ''[[2006 (album)|2006]]'' (2004) credited to Manfred Mann '06 with Manfred Mann's Earth Band
* ''[[Lone Arranger]]'' (2014)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{allmusic}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{imdb name|0542868}}
* [http://www.manfredmann.co.uk/ Manfred Mann's Earth Band official site]

{{Manfred Mann's Earth Band}}
{{Manfred Mann}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mann, Manfred}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British blues musicians]]
[[Category:British jazz keyboardists]]
[[Category:British jazz pianists]]
[[Category:British record producers]]
[[Category:British rhythm and blues boom musicians]]
[[Category:British rock keyboardists]]
[[Category:British rock pianists]]
[[Category:Jewish British musicians]]
[[Category:Jewish rock musicians]]
[[Category:Keytarists]]
[[Category:Manfred Mann members]]
[[Category:Manfred Mann Chapter Three members]]
[[Category:Manfred Mann's Earth Band members]]
[[Category:Musicians from Johannesburg]]
[[Category:Musicians from London]]
[[Category:Progressive rock keyboardists]]
[[Category:South African emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:South African jazz pianists]]
[[Category:South African Jews]]
[[Category:White South African people]]

Tell Me (Billie Myers song)

2025-04-15T14:21:51Z

80.192.231.72:

{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}

{{Infobox song
| name = Tell Me
| cover = Billie_Myers-Tell_Me.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Billie Myers]]
| album = [[Growing, Pains (Billie Myers album)|Growing, Pains]]
| released = 1998
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length = 5:04
| label = [[Universal Records|Universal]]
| writer = *David Mortimer
*Billie Myers
| producer = [[Desmond Child]]
| prev_title = [[Kiss the Rain (song)|Kiss the Rain]]
| prev_year = 1997
| next_title = A Few Words Too Many
| next_year = 1998
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|BfWuGnft0KQ|"Tell Me"}}}}
}}

"'''Tell Me'''" is a 1998 song by British singer [[Billie Myers]], released as the second single from her debut album, ''[[Growing, Pains (Billie Myers album)|Growing, Pains]]''. It reached number 28 on the UK charts, which compared to her previous single was a commercial failure.

==Critical reception==
[[Larry Flick]] from ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' wrote that the song "has a stompin' [[Alternative rock|alterna-rock]] attack that allows Myers to flex her quivering, melodramatic vocal style to maximum effect." He added further that producer [[Desmond Child]]'s "pop savvy is evident in a mix that counters the forceful guitar/drum execution with cushiony keyboards and a spree of fluttering sitar lines. Holding everything together is a sticky [[Chorus effect|chorus]] that picks up to an anthemic pace by the track's close. In fact, it's easy to see a sea of punters chanting and punching the air in unison during a live performance of this hit-bound gem."<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Larry|last=Flick|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1998/BB-1998-06-13.pdf|title=Single Reviews|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=13 June 1998|accessdate=9 February 2020|page=23|author-link=Larry Flick}}</ref> Gerald Martinez from ''[[New Sunday Times]]'' described it as "a whimsical song where she imagines she is the person making love to her."<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Gerald|last=Martinez|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouYVAAAAIBAJ|title=Late Bloomer Delivers|magazine=[[New Sunday Times]]|date=15 March 1998|page=13|accessdate=21 October 2021}}</ref>

==Versions==
# LP version - 5:04
# Radio edit (LP edit) - 4:03
# Alternative radio remix - 6:31
# Alternative radio edit - 3:46
# [[Victor Calderone]] club mix - 7:39 (promo)

==Charts==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Chart (1998)
!align="center"|Peak position
|-
|align="left"|Europe ([[Eurochart Hot 100]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Music-and-Media/90s/1998/MM-1998-08-01.pdf|title=Eurochart Hot 100|date=1 August 1998|accessdate=20 June 2018|magazine=[[Music & Media]]}}</ref>
|align="center"|98
|-
|align="left"|Scotland ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/19980719/41/|title=Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|accessdate=4 July 2018}}</ref>
|align="center"|23
|-
|align="left"|[[UK Singles Chart|UK Singles]] ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])
|align="center"|28
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tell Me (Billie Myers Song)}}
[[Category:1997 songs]]
[[Category:1998 singles]]
[[Category:Billie Myers songs]]
[[Category:Universal Records singles]]
[[Category:Songs written by Billie Myers]]

{{1990s-pop-song-stub}}

You Send Me

2025-04-06T22:47:34Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|1957 single by Sam Cooke}}
{{Infobox song
| name = You Send Me
| cover = You Send Me Sam Cooke.png
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Sam Cooke]]
| album = [[Sam Cooke (album)|Sam Cooke]]
| B-side = [[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]
| released = September 7, 1957
| recorded = June 1, 1957
| studio = [[Radio Recorders]], [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]]
| venue =
| genre = {{hlist|[[Rhythm and blues]]|[[Soul music|soul]]}}
| length = 2:41
| label = [[Keen Records|Keen]]
| writer = [[Sam Cooke]] (mistakenly credited to L.C. Cook)
| producer = [[Bumps Blackwell]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[I'll Come Running Back to You]]
| next_year = 1957
}}
'''"You Send Me"''' is a song written and originally recorded by American singer [[Sam Cooke]], released as a single in 1957 by [[Keen Records]]. Produced by [[Bumps Blackwell]] and arranged and conducted by [[René Hall]]. The song, Cooke's debut single, was a massive commercial success, becoming a {{thinspace|No.|1}} hit on both ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|Rhythm & Blues Records]] chart and the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], his only number one on the latter chart.

It was named as one of the 500 most important [[rock and roll]] recordings by the [[Rock & Roll Hall of Fame]]. In April 2010, the song ranked {{thinspace|No.|115}} in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's ''[[The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-20110407/sam-cooke-you-send-me-20110526 |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=April 2010 |access-date=September 28, 2015}}</ref>

In addition to the original version of [[Sam Cooke]], "You Send Me" has received numerous [[Cover version|covers]] over the years, the most important being the versions of [[Teresa Brewer]] (1957), [[Aretha Franklin]] (1968), [[Ponderosa Twins Plus One]] (1971) and [[The Manhattans]] (1985).

==Sam Cooke version (1957)==
===Background===
Cooke wrote "You Send Me" but gave the writing credit to his younger brother L.C. (who used the original family spelling "Cook") because he did not want his own publisher to profit from the song.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bruce Eder |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lc-cook-mn0001457309/biography |title=L.C. Cook | Biography & History |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2016-08-29}}</ref> He had also hoped L.C. would record the song himself.<ref>Dream Boogie: The Triumph of Sam Cooke by Peter Guralnick</ref> Cooke made a [[demo (music)|demo]] recording of the song featuring only his own guitar accompaniment in the winter{{Clarify|reason=early or late 1955?|date=August 2014}} of 1955. The first recording of the track was made in New Orleans in December 1956 in the same sessions which produced "Lovable", the first release outside the [[gospel music|gospel]] field for Cooke (credited on that single as Dale Cook). The classic version of "You Send Me" was cut in Los Angeles in June 1957 and was issued as a single with another track from the same session: a version of "[[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]", as the debut release on the Keen label<ref name=pc17>{{Gilliland|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19767/m1/ |title=Show 17 - The Soul Reformation: More on the evolution of rhythm and blues. [Part 3] |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref> founded by two brothers, John and Alex Siamas; this release marked the first single credited to "Sam Cooke" (whose true surname was Cook). Although "Summertime" was the intended [[A-side and B-side|A-side]], disc jockeys favored "You Send Me", which broke nationally that October to reach {{thinspace|No.|1}} for a two-week stay in December 1957, with sales estimated at a 1.5 million units. "Overnight, with a single song, Sam Cooke"—who had spent the summer of 1957 living in his producer's apartment—"became a secular superstar, with audiences consisting of black and white, men and women, young and old."<ref name="Icons of R&B">{{cite book| first=Bob| last=Gulla| year=2008| title=Icons of R&B| publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group| location=Westport CT| pages=114–116| isbn=978-0-313-34044-4}}</ref>

As was common practice in the 1950s when it was unusual for hits in the black [[rhythm and blues|R&B]] market to [[crossover (music)|crossover]] to the Pop charts, a [[cover version]] of "You Send Me" aimed at the Pop charts was cut by the white singer [[Teresa Brewer]]<ref name=pc17/> and released in October 1957. Symptomatic of the changing music scene, Cooke's original was able to repeat its {{thinspace|No.|1}} R&B chart performance in the Pop field, eclipsing Brewer's version. Brewer's version of "You Send Me" reached as high as {{thinspace|No.|8}} on the [[Hot 100]], her first and only top 10 hit since "[[Mutual Admiration Society (song)|Mutual Admiration Society]]" the year before, and her final Top 20 hit.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Eighth Edition |last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=83}}</ref>

===Acclaim===
Since its release, the song has become a landmark record of the [[Soul music|soul]] genre, which Cooke helped create. It was named as one of the 500 most important [[rock and roll]] recordings by the [[Rock & Roll Hall of Fame]]. In 2005, the song was voted {{thinspace|No.|115}} by representatives of the music industry and press in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's ''[[The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time]]''.

In 1998, the song was inducted into the [[Grammy Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/awards/hall-of-fame-award#y|title=GRAMMY Hall Of Fame | Hall of Fame Artists | GRAMMY.com|website=grammy.com}}</ref>

===B-side===
The [[A-side and B-side|B-side]] of [[Sam Cooke]]'s original single "You Send Me" contains a [[cover version]] of the song "[[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]", which was also recorded by Cooke in 1957 for the album ''[[Songs by Sam Cooke]]''. It was written between 1933 and 1934 by [[George Gershwin]] and [[DuBose Heyward]] (also co-credited to [[Ira Gershwin]]). The song was originally recorded in 1935 by [[Abbie Mitchell]] for the musical [[opera]] ''[[Porgy and Bess]]''. [[Sam Cooke]]'s version for "[[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]" was also released as a single and reached {{thinspace|No.|81}} on the US chart [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].

===Chart Positions===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Chart !! Position
|-
| rowspan="2"|1957 || [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks|Black Singles Chart]] || style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
| [[Billboard Hot 100|Pop Singles Chart]] || style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
| 1958 || [[UK Singles Chart]] || style="text-align:center;"|29
|}

===Personnel===
On "You Send Me" and "[[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]":
*[[Sam Cooke]] - lead vocals
*[[René Hall]] - arrangement and rhythm guitar
* Clifton White,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-04-05-9804050312-story.html | title=Clifton White, Guitarist for Sam Cooke| website=[[Chicago Tribune]]| date=5 April 1998}}</ref> René Hall - guitar
*Ted Brinson - bass
*[[Earl Palmer]] - drums
*Lee Gotch, [[The Pied Pipers]] - backing vocals
*Bob Kidder - engineer
*[[Robert Blackwell]] - producer

==The Manhattans version (1985)==
{{Infobox song
| name = You Send Me
| cover =
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[The Manhattans]]
| album = Too Hot to Stop It
| B-side = "You're Gonna Love Being Loved By Me"<ref name="45cat">{{cite web |url=http://www.45cat.com/record/3004754 |access-date=March 9, 2018 |title=The Manhattans - You Send Me / You're Gonna Love Being Loved By Me 7" (1985) |author=45cat}}</ref>
| released = February 1985<ref name="45cat"/>
| recorded = 1985 at Celestial Studios<ref name="Discogs1">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/The-Manhattans-Too-Hot-To-Stop-It/release/1720900 |access-date=March 9, 2018 |title=The Manhattans – Too Hot To Stop It (1985) |author=Discogs|website=[[Discogs]] |year=1985 }}</ref>
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Soul music|Soul]]
*[[contemporary R&B|R&B]]}}
| length = 4:10 (Album full version)<ref name="Discogs1"/> 3:50 (Single edited version)<ref name="45cat"/>
| label = [[Columbia Records]]<ref name="45cat"/>
| writer = [[Sam Cooke]]<ref name="45cat"/>
| producer = Morrie Brown<ref name="45cat"/> Mighty M Productions Ltd.<ref name="Discogs1"/>
| prev_title = [[Forever by Your Side (song)|Forever by Your Side]]
| prev_year = 1983
| next_title = Don't Say No
| next_year = 1985
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|4Wa2EGVMxME|"You Send Me" by The Manhattans (Official Music Video) }} }}
}}

'''"You Send Me"''' was covered in 1985 by popular American [[R&B]] [[vocal group]] [[The Manhattans]], whose version was recorded for the album ''Too Hot to Stop It'', released the same year. This new version of the song was also released as a single and charted on the major music charts of the [[United States]], [[Canada]] and [[New Zealand]]. [[The Manhattans]] version peaked {{thinspace|No.|8}} on the US ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Adult Contemporary chart]] and {{thinspace|No.|11}} on the US ''[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]]'' Black Singles, as well as in the ''[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]'' Adult Contemporary chart in [[Canada]].

===Chart Positions===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Chart (1985)
!Peak position
|-
| Canada Adult Contemporary ''([[RPM (magazine)|RPM]])''<ref name="adult">{{cite web |url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/028020/f2/nlc008388.8285.pdf |access-date=March 10, 2018 |title=RPM Adult Contemporary |author=Library and Archives Canada}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|11
|-
|New Zealand ''([[Recorded Music NZ]])''<ref name="Zealand">{{cite web|url=https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=The+Manhattans&titel=You+Send+Me&cat=s |title=THE MANHATTANS - YOU SEND ME (SONG) |publisher=charts.nz |access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|48
|-
| US [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Adult Contemporary]] ''([[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]])''<ref name="Adult Contemporary">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/the-manhattans/chart-history/asi/ |access-date=March 10, 2018 |title=THE MANHATTANS - Adult Contemporary Songs |author=Billboard|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|8
|-
| US Jukebox Programmer R&B ''([[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]])''<ref name="cash">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Cash-Box/80s/1985/CB-1985-05-04.pdf |access-date=March 10, 2018 |title=CASH BOX The Jukebox Programmer R&B |author=Cash Box Magazine}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|6
|-
| US Top 100 Black Singles ''([[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]])''<ref name="cash3">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Cash-Box/80s/1985/CB-1985-05-04.pdf |access-date=March 10, 2018 |title=CASH BOX Top 100 Black Singles |author=Cash Box Magazine}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|11
|-
| US [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|R&B Chart]] ''([[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]])''<ref name="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/the-manhattans/chart-history/bsi/ |access-date=March 10, 2018 |title=THE MANHATTANS - Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs |author=Billboard|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|20
|-
| US [[Billboard Hot 100|The Hot 100]] ''([[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]])''<ref name="The Hot 100">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/the-manhattans/chart-history/hsi/ |access-date=March 10, 2018 |title=THE MANHATTANS - The Hot 100 Songs |author=Billboard|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|81
|-
|}

===Personnel===
* Lead vocal – [[Gerald Alston]]<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Backing vocals – Winfred "Blue" Lovett, Edward "Sonny" Bivins, Kenneth "Wally" Kelly<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Writer – [[Sam Cooke]]<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Producer – Morrie Brown<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Arranged By (Background Vocals) – Morrie Brown, Winfred Lovett<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Arranged By (Rhythm), Drum Programming – Lloyd Landesman, Morrie Brown<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Keyboards, Synthesizer – Lloyd Landesman<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Soloist, Saxophone – Chris Cioe<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Synthesizer (Strings) – Morrie Brown<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Recorded at Celestial Studios<ref name="Discogs1"/>
* Produced for Mighty M Productions, Ltd.<ref name="Discogs1"/>

===B-side===
The [[A-side and B-side|B-side]] of the [[Single (music)|7" single]] contains the song "You're Gonna Love Being Loved By Me"<ref name="45cat"/> which was also recorded by [[The Manhattans]] in 1985 for the album ''Too Hot to Stop It''<ref name="Discogs1"/> It was written by lead vocalist [[Gerald Alston]], with Barbara Morr and Mark Chapman,<ref name="45cat"/> and produced by the musicians John V. Anderson and Steve Williams,<ref name="45cat"/> authors of "[[Crazy (The Manhattans song)|Crazy]]".<ref name="Forever By Your Side">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/The-Manhattans-Forever-By-Your-Side/release/6478131 |access-date=February 21, 2018 |title=The Manhattans – Forever By Your Side (1983) |author=Discogs|website=[[Discogs]] |date=October 2014 }}</ref>

===Track listing===
====7" Single====
{| class="wikitable"
!Side
!Song
!Length
!Interpreters
!Writer/composer
!Producers
!Original album
!Recording year
|-
|align="center"|[[A-side and B-side|A-side]]
|align="center"|"You Send Me"<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|3:50<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|[[The Manhattans]]<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|[[Sam Cooke]]<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|Morrie Brown<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|''Too Hot to Stop It''<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|align="center"|1985<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|-
|align="center"|[[A-side and B-side|B-side]]
|align="center"|"You're Gonna Love Being Loved By Me"<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|3:50<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|[[The Manhattans]]<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|[[Gerald Alston]], Barbara Morr, Mark Chapman<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|John V. Anderson, Steve Williams<ref name="45cat"/>
|align="center"|''Too Hot to Stop It''<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|align="center"|1985<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|-
|}
*The full length of "You Send Me" on the album ''Too Hot to Stop It'' is 4:10.<ref name="Discogs1"/> The length of 3:50 on the single is an edited version of the song.<ref name="45cat"/>

====12" Single====
{| class="wikitable"
!Side
!Song
!Length
!Interpreters
!Writer/composer
!Producers
!Original album
!Recording year
|-
|align="center"|[[A-side and B-side|A-side 1]]
|align="center"|"You Send Me"<ref name="Discogs2">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/The-Manhattans-You-Send-Me/release/2371717 |access-date=March 12, 2018 |title=The Manhattans - You Send Me 12" (1985) |author=Discogs|website=[[Discogs]] |year=1985 }}</ref>
|align="center"|3:50<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[The Manhattans]]<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[Sam Cooke]]<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|Morrie Brown<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|''Too Hot to Stop It''<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|align="center"|1985<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|-
|align="center"|[[A-side and B-side|A-side 2]]
|align="center"|"You're Gonna Love Being Loved By Me"<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|3:50<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[The Manhattans]]<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[Gerald Alston]], Barbara Morr, Mark Chapman<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|John V. Anderson, Steve Williams<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|''Too Hot to Stop It''<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|align="center"|1985<ref name="Discogs1"/>
|-
|align="center"|[[A-side and B-side|B-side 1]]
|align="center"|"[[Kiss and Say Goodbye]]"<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|3:29<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[The Manhattans]]<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|Winfred Lovett<ref name="Discogs3">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Manhattans-Kiss-And-Say-Goodbye-Wonderful-World-Of-Love/release/1574305 |access-date=March 12, 2018 |title=The Manhattans - Kiss And Say Goodbye / Wonderful World Of Love (1976) |author=Discogs|website=[[Discogs]] |year=1976 }}</ref>
|align="center"|[[Bobby Martin (producer)|Bobby Martin]], [[The Manhattans]]<ref name="Discogs3"/>
|align="center"|''[[The Manhattans (album)|The Manhattans]]''<ref name="Discogs3"/>
|align="center"|1976<ref name="Discogs3"/>
|-
|align="center"|[[A-side and B-side|B-side 2]]
|align="center"|"[[Hurt (Roy Hamilton song)|Hurt]]"<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|3:02<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[The Manhattans]]<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|Jimmie Crane, Al Jacobs<ref name="Discogs4"/>
|align="center"|[[Bobby Martin (producer)|Bobby Martin]], [[The Manhattans]]<ref name="Discogs4">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Manhattans-Hurt/release/1830540 |access-date=March 12, 2018 |title=The Manhattans - Hurt / We'll Have Forever To Love (1976) |author=Discogs|website=[[Discogs]] |date=October 1976 }}</ref>
|align="center"|''[[The Manhattans (album)|The Manhattans]]''<ref name="Discogs4"/>
|align="center"|1976<ref name="Discogs4"/>
|-
|align="center"|[[A-side and B-side|B-side 3]]
|align="center"|"[[Shining Star (The Manhattans song)|Shining Star]]"<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|3:48<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[The Manhattans]]<ref name="Discogs2"/>
|align="center"|[[Leo Graham (songwriter)|Leo Graham]], Paul Richmond<ref name="Discogs5">{{cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/Manhattans-After-Midnight/release/1412602 |access-date=March 12, 2018 |title=The Manhattans - After Midnight (1980) |author=Discogs|website=[[Discogs]] |year=1980 }}</ref>
|align="center"|[[Leo Graham (songwriter)|Leo Graham]]<ref name="Discogs5"/>
|align="center"|''[[After Midnight (The Manhattans album)|After Midnight]]''<ref name="Discogs5"/>
|align="center"|1980<ref name="Discogs5"/>
|-
|}

==Other cover versions==
===Overview===
"You Send Me" has been covered by a number of artists across different fields of music, including [[Jesse Belvin]] (1957), [[Nat King Cole]], [[Teresa Brewer]], [[Michael Bolton]], [[The Drifters]], [[The Everly Brothers]], [[The Four Seasons (band)|The Four Seasons]], [[Bobby Vee]] (1960), [[José Feliciano]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Steven Houghton]], [[Nicolette Larson]], [[Steve Miller Band]], [[Van Morrison]], [[Otis Redding]], [[Sam & Dave]], [[Percy Sledge]], [[Roy Ayers]], [[Paul & Paula]] (1963), [[The Supremes]], [[The Manhattans]], [[Rachelle Ferrell]], [[Fairground Attraction]], [[Marcia Hines]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Gregory Porter]] (2016), [[the Chicks]], [[Ponderosa Twins Plus One]], [[Lynda Carter]] from ''[[At Last (Lynda Carter album)|At Last]]'' (2009) and [[Judie Tzuke]] on ''[[The Beauty of Hindsight|The Beauty Of Hindsight]]'' (2003).

In the [[United Kingdom]], [[Rod Stewart]] released "You Send Me" as part of a medley with "[[Bring It On Home to Me]]" and charted it on the [[UK Singles Chart]] at {{thinspace|No.|7}} as a double A-side with "[[Farewell (Rod Stewart song)|Farewell]]". Stewart later recorded the song with [[Chaka Khan]] for his 2005 album ''[[Thanks for the Memory: The Great American Songbook, Volume IV]]''.

In [[Hong Kong]], the song was covered by [[Deanie Ip]] in [[Cantonese]] with name "飄" in 1985.

====Other chart performance====
=====Teresa Brewer version=====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Chart !! Position
|-
| 1957 || [[Billboard Hot 100|Pop Singles]] || style="text-align:center;"|8
|}

=====Aretha Franklin version=====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Chart !! Position
|-
| rowspan="2"|1968 || [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|R&B Singles]] || style="text-align:center;"|28
|-
| [[Billboard Hot 100|Pop Singles Chart]] || style="text-align:center;"|56
|}

=====Ponderosa Twins Plus One version=====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Chart !! Position
|-
| 1971 || [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|Best Selling Soul Singles]] || style="text-align:center;"|23<ref name="soul-singles1">{{cite magazine | title=Soul Singles chart | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=November 1971 | volume=83 | issue=46 | page=50 | issn=0006-2510 }}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[R&B number-one hits of 1957 (USA)|List of ''Billboard'' number-one rhythm and blues hits]]
*[[List of Billboard number-one singles of 1957|List of ''Billboard'' number-one singles of 1957]]
*[[Billboard year-end top 50 singles of 1957]]
*[[List of Cash Box Best Sellers number-one singles of 1957]]
*[[List of CHUM number-one singles of 1957]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* ''Portrait of a Legend 1951-1964''. Abkco Records, 2003. Los Angeles, California.
* {{cite book | author=Wolff, Daniel J., S.R. Crain, Clifton White, and G. David Tenenbaum | title=You Send Me: The Life and Times of Sam Cooke | publisher=William Morrow & Co | year=1995 | isbn=0-688-12403-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/yousendmelifetim00wolff }}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|4Wa2EGVMxME|"You Send Me" by The Manhattans (Official Music Video 1985)}}

{{Sam Cooke}}
{{Aretha Franklin}}
{{The Manhattans}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1957 songs]]
[[Category:1957 debut singles]]
[[Category:1968 singles]]
[[Category:1985 singles]]
[[Category:Sam Cooke songs]]
[[Category:The Manhattans songs]]
[[Category:Teresa Brewer songs]]
[[Category:Aretha Franklin songs]]
[[Category:Rod Stewart songs]]
[[Category:Soul ballads]]
[[Category:Rhythm and blues ballads]]
[[Category:Songs written by Sam Cooke]]
[[Category:Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients]]
[[Category:Billboard Top 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Keen Records singles]]

Begin Again (Space song)

2025-03-16T12:36:13Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|1998 song by Britpop band Space}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Begin Again
| cover = Begin-again.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Space (English band)|Space]]
| album = [[Tin Planet]]
| B-side =
* "You Romantic Fool"
* "Numb the Doubt"
* "Influenza" (Flu mix)
| released = 22 June 1998
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length = 3:08
| label = [[Gut Records|Gut]]
| writer =
* James Desmond Edwards
* [[Franny Griffiths]]
* [[Tommy Scott (English musician)|Tommy Scott]]
| producer =
* Jeremy Wheatley
* Space
| prev_title = [[The Ballad of Tom Jones]]
| prev_year = 1998
| next_title = The Bad Days EP
| next_year = 1998
}}
"'''Begin Again'''" is a song by English band [[Space (English band)|Space]], released in June 1998. The song charted at number 21 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] the same month. In Australia, "Begin Again" entered the [[ARIA Charts|ARIA Singles Chart]] on 27 July 1998 at number 82, its peak.

==Track listings==
'''UK CD1'''<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Begin Again|others=[[Space (English band)|Space]]|year=1998|type=UK CD1 liner notes|publisher=[[Gut Records]]|id=CDGUT19}}</ref>
# "Begin Again" (radio edit)
# "You Romantic Fool"
# "Numb the Doubt"
# "Influenza" (Flu mix)

'''UK CD2'''<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Begin Again|others=Space|year=1998|type=UK CD2 liner notes|publisher=Gut Records|id=CXGUT19}}</ref>
# "Begin Again" (radio edit)
# "[[The Ballad of Tom Jones]]" (raw and live from Wolverhampton Civic Hall with [[Cerys Matthew]], 1998)
# "[[Female of the Species]]" (raw and live from Wolverhampton Civic Hall, 1998)
# "Spiders" (raw and live from Wolverhampton Civic Hall, 1998)

'''UK cassette single'''<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Begin Again|others=Space|year=1998|type=UK cassette single sleeve|publisher=Gut Records|id=CAGUT19}}</ref>
# "Begin Again" (radio edit)
# "You Romantic Fool"
# "Numb the Doubt"

'''Australian CD single'''<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Begin Again|others=Space|year=1998|type=Australian CD single liner notes|publisher=[[Festival Records]]|id=D1726}}</ref>
# "Begin Again" (radio edit)
# "The Ballad of Tom Jones"
# "[[Avenging Angels (song)|Avenging Angels]]"
# "The Ballad of Tom Jones" (live)
# "Avenging Angels" (live)

==Charts==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
!scope="col"|Chart (1998)
!scope="col"|Peak position
|-
!scope="row"|Australia ([[ARIA Charts|ARIA]])<ref>{{cite Ryan|page=262}}</ref>
|82
|-
{{single chart|Scotland|18|date=19980704|rowheader=true|access-date=7 November 2018}}
|-
{{single chart|UK|21|date=19980704|rowheader=true|access-date=7 November 2018}}
|-
{{single chart|UKindie|3|date=19980704|rowheader=true|access-date=7 November 2018}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.spacetheband.com/discography/singles/begin-again/ "Begin Again" article]

{{Space (band)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1998 singles]]
[[Category:1998 songs]]
[[Category:Black-and-white music videos]]
[[Category:Space (English band) songs]]

{{1990s-UK-single-stub}}

Lee Ryan (album)

2025-03-09T23:41:30Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Lee Ryan
| type = studio
| artist = [[Lee Ryan]]
| cover = Lee Ryan Debut Album Cover.JPG
| alt =
| released = 1 August 2005
| recorded = 2004–2005 ([[Los Angeles]], United States)
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[pop rock]]{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
| length = 43:40
| label = Brightside, [[Sony BMG]]
| producer = Ash Howes, Martin Harrington, [[Cutfather]] & Joe, [[Remee]], [[Steve Mac]], Lee Ryan, Hugh Goldsmith ({{abbr|[[executive producer|exec.]]|executive producer}})
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Extra album cover
| header = Italian cover
| type = Album
| cover = Lee Ryan Debut Album Alt Cover.JPG
| border =
| alt =
| caption =
}}
{{Singles
| name = Lee Ryan
| type = studio
| single1 = [[Army of Lovers (song)|Army of Lovers]]
| single1date = 18 July 2005
| single2 = [[Turn Your Car Around]]
| single2date = 10 October 2005
| single3 = [[When I Think of You (Lee Ryan song)|When I Think of You]]
| single3date = 30 January 2006
| single4 = [[Real Love (Lee Ryan song)|Real Love]]
| single4date = 7 April 2006
}}
}}

'''''Lee Ryan''''' is the debut and only solo studio album to be released by English boy band [[Blue (English group)|Blue]] lead singer, [[Lee Ryan]]. The album was the first release from the singer on the record label [[Sony BMG]] in August 2005, spawning 4 singles, all of which entered on domestic music charts, pushing the album to moderate success.

==Background and production==
At the end of February 2005 Lee Ryan was diagnosed with nodules on his throat, causing the cancellation of the farewell tour of [[Blue (English group)|Blue]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2005-02-25|title=Boy band Blue scrap farewell tour|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4297435.stm|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The tour was scheduled to start on 11 of March. With no further plans with the band, all members decided to focus on their solo projects. According to the spokesperson of the band this was "not the end" and "they're taking a break, but they haven't officially split". Ryan revealed on [[ITV2]] documentary ''[[The Big Reunion]]'' that soon after, he was approached by record executives to pursue a solo career.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-05-05|title=The Big Reunion: Blue's Lee Ryan says "I wish someone had warned us a…|url=http://www.unrealitytv.co.uk/reality-tv/the-big-reunion-blues-lee-ryan-says-i-wish-someone-had-warned-us-about-the-dark-side-of-fame/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=archive.ph|archive-date=5 May 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505141123/http://www.unrealitytv.co.uk/reality-tv/the-big-reunion-blues-lee-ryan-says-i-wish-someone-had-warned-us-about-the-dark-side-of-fame/|url-status=live}}</ref> He signed a $1.1 million record deal with [[Sony BMG]] and was looked after by music chief Hugh Goldsmith to help him produce and write his debut album.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan Set To Be Next Robbie Williams|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/music/musicnews/Lee+Ryan-5287.html|date=May 23, 200|website=www.femalefirst.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> The record label had high hopes for his career, hoping that he would become the new [[Robbie Williams]]. Lee Ryan admitted that there were parallels between himself and the former Take That star, but is reluctant to encourage the comparison.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blue The Phenomenon That Was|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/music/musicnews/Lee+Ryan-8481.html|date=August 15, 2005|website=www.femalefirst.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> He said: "Aside from making a similar career change, I don't want to be compared too heavily with Robbie's style - but I do admire him for his success as a solo artist." According to an interview with Craig McLean, Ryan wrote a lot of tracks for the album, enough to fill half of his second album as well.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2005-07-03|title=Craig McLean talks to Lee Ryan, pop star|language=en-GB|work=The Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/jul/03/popandrock|access-date=2020-05-07|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> He mainly worked with Ash Howes and [[Martin Harrington]], who had already worked with [[Natalie Imbruglia]] and [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], while had recently produced [[Kylie Minogue]]'s hit single [[Love at First Sight (2002 Kylie Minogue song)|Love at First Sight]]. Lee Ryan wanted to collaborate with Kylie Minogue, hoping she would sing backing vocals on a track.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan desperate to work with Kylie Minogue|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/celebrity/Lee+Ryan-1439.html|website=www.femalefirst.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> His plans unfortunately never materialised. [[Army of Lovers (song)|Army of Lovers]] was chosen as the first single of the album. [[Dolce & Gabbana]] also signed Ryan up to be the face of their new line of clothing in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan Ambassador for D&G|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/lifestyle-fashion/stylelife/Lee+Ryan-831.html|website=www.femalefirst.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> Ryan did not receive any money for the deal, he was just going to be provided with many new clothes and he should wear at least one piece of Dolce & Gabbana when promoting the album or performing live.

== Release and promotion ==
The album was released on 1 August 2005, debuting at #6 on the [[UK Albums Chart]] which was its peak position. It remained inside the top 75 for another three weeks before disappearing from the chart completely. The album was also released in Europe to moderate success. It managed thought to reach #3 in [[Italy]]. Ryan did several appearances to European television channels in order to promote his album, including an appearance in [[TVP2]], where he sang an unplugged version of "In the Morning"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan - In The Morning live on TVP|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYKDkKMTOQM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/BYKDkKMTOQM |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|last=|first=|date=|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and Italy where he sang the Italian version of the first single [[Army of Lovers (song)|Army of Lovers]] "Ho Te".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan - Ho Te (live in Italy)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkKzSkfMh0k |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/fkKzSkfMh0k |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|last=|first=|date=|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Shortly after the release of the album Ryan released his second single, [[Turn Your Car Around]], which was also moderately successful, doing no boost to the album sales, which remained outside the top 75 in the UK. January 2006 saw the release of the album's third single [[When I Think of You (Lee Ryan song)|When I Think of You]], which peaked at #15 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] and while it succeed in promoting the album's sales a bit, as the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart for four more weeks, it became Ryan's last release from the album in the [[United Kingdom]].

The album's fourth single, [[Real Love (Lee Ryan song)|Real Love]], was not released in the [[United Kingdom]] due to poor sales of the album and its former singles, however, the song was released across [[Europe]] and was used as the theme to the film ''[[Ice Age: The Meltdown]].'' Ryan also secured a vocal role in the British version of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan Talks About 'Ice Age 2' Voice Role |url=http://popdirt.com/lee-ryan-talks-about-ice-age-2-voice-role/47076/|access-date=2020-06-14|website=popdirt.com}}</ref> The song received additional production from Brian Rawling and Paul Meehanfor its release as a single.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan - Real Love|url=https://www.discogs.com/Lee-Ryan-Real-Love/release/4209066|website=Discogs|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

Because of the album poor sales Ryan was later dropped from his record label.

==Singles==
[[Army of Lovers (song)|Army of Lovers]] was the first single from the album, released on 18 July 2005. The single peaked at #3 on the [[UK Singles Chart]], but found higher success staying at #1 for four weeks in [[Italy]]. The physical single featured an acoustic version of the song, an album sampler featuring samples of "When I Think of You", "Parking" and "Jump" and the music video.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan - Army Of Lovers|url=https://www.discogs.com/Lee-Ryan-Army-Of-Lovers/release/6645985|website=Discogs|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

The second singe released from the album was [[Turn Your Car Around]] on 10 October 2005. The single peaked at #12 on the [[UK Singles Chart]], but found higher success peaking at #2 in [[Italy]] and reaching #1 in the European Top 20. The physical single featured three b-sides: "Best of You (BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge)", "These Words (Gold Horizons)" and "Movin' On", as well as the music video.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan - Turn Your Car Around|url=https://www.discogs.com/Lee-Ryan-Turn-Your-Car-Around/release/2443828|website=Discogs|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> The Italian version of the single also included the song "Ho Te", the Italian version of the first single [[Army of Lovers (song)|Army of Lovers]].

"[[When I Think of You (Lee Ryan song)|When I Think of You]]" was the third song to be released as single from the album on 30 January 2006. The single peaked at #15 on the [[UK Singles Chart]], before dropping out of the top forty the following week. The physical single featured a new B-side called "I Can Let Go Now".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan - When I Think Of You|url=https://www.discogs.com/Lee-Ryan-When-I-Think-Of-You/release/5265869|website=Discogs|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

A final single was released from the album, which also served as the lead single from the film soundtrack [[Ice Age: The Meltdown]]. The song [[Real Love (Lee Ryan song)|Real Love]] received additional production from Brian Rawling and Paul Meehanfor, being released on 7 April 2006. The single was not released in the [[UK]] due to the low sales of the album and the mediocre sales of the previous singles, however it found success in [[Italy]] and [[Australia]]. The single also featured a club remix by the Sharp Boys.

== Critical reception ==
{{Music ratings
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1score = {{Rating|3.5|5}}
| rev2 = [[Laut.de]]
| rev2score = {{Rating|2|5}}
}}

The critical reception of the album was mixed to negative. Jon O'Brien from [[AllMusic]] gave the album 3,5 out of 5 stars, stating that "Ryan has produced a surprisingly sophisticated and authentic debut".<ref>{{Citation|title=Lee Ryan – Songs, Reviews, Credits |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/lee-ryan-mw0000516397|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> He also gave credit to his vocal abilities while recognising his "undeniable talents". Michael Hubbard from [[MusicOMH]] found that Lee Ryan's debut album "showcases vocal prowess" but he thought that the songs "are a mixed bag of made-to-order drivetime ditties and flaccid shelf filler".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Ryan – Album Reviews|url=https://www.musicomh.com/reviews/albums/lee-ryan-lee-ryan|date=2005-07-31|website=musicOMH|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

Bine Jankowski of [[Laut.de]] gave 2 out of 5 stars, commenting that the album was extremely mainstream, ideal for dentist's waiting rooms and lifts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Dean-Pose für den Fahrstuhl.|url=http://www.laut.de/Lee-Ryan/Alben/Lee-Ryan-10111|website=laut.de|language=de|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> Caroline Sullivan commented on Lee Ryan's debut album as a disappointment, while reviewing [[Simon Webbe]]'s [[Sanctuary (Simon Webbe album)|Sanctuary]] on [[The Guardian]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=CD: Simon Webbe, Sanctuary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/nov/04/popandrock.shopping5|date=2005-11-04|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

==Track listing==
{{track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| title1 = [[Army of Lovers (song)|Army of Lovers]]
| writer1 = Nigel Hoyle
| extra1 = Ash Howes, [[Martin Harrington]]
| length1 = 2:58

| title2 = [[Turn Your Car Around]]
| writer2 = Ben Novak
| extra2 = Howes, Harrington
| length2 = 3:32

| title3 = [[When I Think of You (Lee Ryan song)|When I Think of You]]
| writer3 = Alan Gowdy, Bill Biddle, Lynn Sylvers, Mike Hamilton
| extra3 = Howes, Harrington
| length3 = 3:14

| title4 = [[Real Love (Lee Ryan song)|Real Love]]
| writer4 = John Reid, Joe Belmatti, [[Cutfather|Mich Hansen]], [[Remee]]
| extra4 = Cutfather & Joe, Howes, Harrington, Remee{{ref|a|[a]}}
| length4 = 3:15

| title5 = Parking
| writer5 = [[Steve Mac]], [[Wayne Hector]]
| extra5 = Mac
| length5 = 3:37

| title6 = Wish the Whole World Knew
| writer6 = Howes, Lee Ryan, Harrington, Hector
| extra6 = Howes, Harrington
| length6 = 4:09

| title7 = Close to You
| writer7 = Ryan, Hoyle
| extra7 = Howes, Harrington
| length7 = 3:26

| title8 = Miss My Everything
| writer8 = Ryan, Robert Taylor, [[Shaffer Smith]]
| extra8 = Howes, Harrington
| length8 = 2:48

| title9 = Daydreamer
| writer9 = Ryan, Hoyle
| extra9 = Howes, Harrington
| length9 = 3:17

| title10 = Jump
| writer10 = Howes, Ryan, Harrington, Hector
| extra10 = Howes, Harrington
| length10 = 3:40

| title11 = How Do I?
| writer11 = Howes, Ryan, Harrington, Hector
| extra11 = Howes, Harrington
| length11 = 4:15

| title12 = In the Morning
| writer12 = Ryan, Smith
| extra12 = Howes, Harrington, Ryan{{ref|a|[a]}}
| length12 = 3:21
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Japanese bonus tracks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lee-Ryan-Bonus/dp/B000ALJ0AA/ref=sr_1_22?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1364722566&sr=1-22|title=Lee Ryan|date=September 21, 2005|via=Amazon}}</ref>
| extra_column = Producer(s)

| title13 = These Words
| writer13 = Ryan, Hoyle
| extra13 = Troublemaker
| length13 = 3:14

| title14 = Movin' On
| writer14 = Ryan, Octave
| extra14 = Octave 4 O'Vious Ent
| length14 = 3:30

| title15 = Army of Lovers
| note15 = music video
| writer15 = Hoyle
| extra15 = Howes, Harrington
| length15 = 3:00
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Italian bonus tracks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Lee-Ryan-Lee-Ryan/release/4331444|title=Lee Ryan - Lee Ryan|website=Discogs}}</ref>
| extra_column = Producer(s)

| title13 = Ho Te
| writer13 = Lee Ryan, Luca Campaner, Emanuela Panizzo
| extra13 = Campaner, Panizzo
| length13 = 3:07

| title14 = These Words
| writer14 = Ryan, Hoyle
| extra14 = Troublemaker
| length14 = 3:14

| title15 = Che Viso Avrai
| writer15 = Lee Ryan, Luca Campaner, Emanuela Panizzo
| extra15 = Campaner, Panizzo
| length15 = 4:23
}}
{{track listing
| headline = German bonus tracks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lee-Ryan/dp/B000BV7TGG/ref=sr_1_18?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1364722533&sr=1-18|title=Lee Ryan|date=January 10, 2006|via=Amazon}}</ref>
| extra_column = Producer(s)
| title13 = Best of You
| writer13 = [[Dave Grohl]], [[Nate Mendel]], [[Taylor Hawkins]], [[Chris Shiflett]]
| extra13 =
| length13 = 3:08

| title14 = I Can Let Go Now
| writer14 = Ryan, Hoyle
| extra14 =
| length14 = 3:24

| title15 = Real Love
| note15 = Sharp Boys club mix
| writer15 = Reid, Belmatti, Hansen, Remee
| extra15 = Cutfather & Joe, Howes, Harrington, Remee{{ref|a|[a]}}, Sharp Boys{{ref|b|[b]}}
| length15 = 7:08
}}
;Notes<ref name="credits">{{cite AV media notes|others=[[Lee Ryan]]|title=Lee Ryan|year=2005|type=booklet|publisher=Brightside Recordings, Sony BMG Entertainment|id=82876 717072}}</ref>
*{{note|a|[a]}} signifies a co-producer
*{{note|b|[b]}} signifies a remixer

==Charts==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"|Chart (2005)
! style="text-align:center;"|Peak position
|-
{{album chart|Flanders|68|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|rowheader=|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
{{album chart|France|115|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|rowheader=|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
{{album chart|Germany4|79|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|id=21624|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
{{album chart|Ireland2|42|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|rowheader=|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
{{album chart|Italy|3|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|rowheader=|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
{{album chart|Oricon|40|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|date=2005-10-03|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
{{album chart|Switzerland|61|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
{{album chart|UK|6|artist=Lee Ryan|album=Lee Ryan|rowheader=|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}
|-
|}

==Certifications and sales==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Italy|type=album|title=Lee Ryan|artist=Lee Ryan|award=Gold|relyear=2005|certyear=2005|access-date=July 15, 2012}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=album|title=Lee Ryan|artist=Lee Ryan|award=Silver|relyear=2005|certyear=2013|certmonth=7|id=10866-3327-2|access-date=July 15, 2012}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|noshipments=true}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Lee Ryan}}
{{Blue (band)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee Ryan (Album)}}
[[Category:2005 debut albums]]
[[Category:Lee Ryan albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Cutfather]]
[[Category:Pop rock albums by English artists]]

Counterparts Tour

2025-03-09T15:32:37Z

80.192.231.72: /* Set list */

{{Short description|1994 concert tour by Rush}}
{{Infobox concert
| concert_tour_name = Counterparts Tour
| image =
| type =
| location = North America
| album = ''[[Counterparts (Rush album)|Counterparts]]''
| artist = [[Rush (band)|Rush]]
| start_date = January 22, 1994
| end_date = May 7, 1994
| number_of_legs =
| number_of_shows = 54
| last_tour = [[Roll the Bones Tour]] (1991–1992)
| this_tour = '''Counterparts Tour''' (1994)
| next_tour = [[Test for Echo Tour]] (1996–1997)
}}

The '''Counterparts Tour''' was a concert tour by Canadian rock band [[Rush (band)|Rush]] in support of their fifteenth studio album, ''[[Counterparts (Rush album)|Counterparts]],'' and marked the members' 20th anniversary as a band.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shuster |first1=Fred |title=Rush celebrates 20 years in music industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7wfAAAAIBAJ&dq=rush+20+years+peart&pg=PA9&article_id=1173,2367852 |access-date=February 23, 2023 |issue=293 |publisher=Gadsden Times |date=April 21, 1994 |location=Gadsden, Alabama |page=C2 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Daly|Hansen|2019|p=320}}

==Background==
The tour kicked off January 22, 1994 at the [[Pensacola Civic Center|Civic Center]] in [[Pensacola, Florida]] and culminated on May 7, 1994 at [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] in [[Toronto]],{{sfn|Daly|Hansen|2019|p=322}} estimated to have performed to 589,137 fans.{{sfn|Daly|Hansen|2019|p=320}} Some recordings from the tour were featured on the 1998 live album ''[[Different Stages (Rush album)|Different Stages]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morse |first1=Steve |date=November 19, 1998 |title=Rush's new live CD best one yet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGpeAAAAIBAJ&dq=rush+counterparts+tour+different+stages&pg=PA16&article_id=2840,640470 |access-date=February 21, 2023 |publisher=Observer-Reporter |page=B6 |language=en}}</ref>

This was the band's last tour to have any opening acts. These opening acts were [[Candlebox]], [[The Melvins]], [[Primus (band)|Primus]], [[Doughboys (Canadian band)|The Doughboys]], and [[I Mother Earth]].{{sfn|Popoff|2017|p=148}}

==Reception==
''The New York Times''{{'}}s John Pareles, reviewing one of the two Madison Square Garden shows in March, opened that the band performed for two hours amid film clips and special effects such as smoke, psychedelic patterned lights, and spark showers. He continued, stating that Rush flaunted music proficiency with "speeding guitar scales, hard-hitting drumming and earnest vocals" to "melodic hooks of pop tunes" similar to The Police. Noting on the audience, Pareles acknowledged that the band counted on many fans during the show to sing along to every song performed. The only criticism Pareles gave was the change in sound in songs when Lifeson went from acoustic to electric, proceeding the music at one "unvarying" volume, also noting that Rush lacked a rudimentary sense of dynamics.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pareles |first1=John |title=Rush delivery: a breakneck set in NYC |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NiRjAAAAIBAJ&dq=rush+counterparts+concert&pg=PA57&article_id=1330,5927426 |access-date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=Observer-Reporter |date=April 17, 1994 |location=New York City, New York |page=F3 |language=en}}</ref>

Reviewing the May 3, 1994 performance at Albany's Knickerbocker Arena, Michael Hochanadel from ''The Sunday Gazette'', praised the band's sound, stating that it sounded like it had settled into a sound similar to Pink Floyd and The Police and had become a genre themselves "through sheer sound and style", adding that the special effects and fireworks have elevated the band's music. Commenting on the interaction with Rush and their fans, Hochanadel noted when Lee had advanced closer towards the audience during the song "Closer to the Heart", stating that he matched movement to words as well as adding that Peart's drum solo had a tip-off when his drum riser was used.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hochanadel |first1=Michael |title=Special effects lift Rush's music from familiar to classic-looking |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RWdGAAAAIBAJ&dq=rush+counterparts+tour&pg=PA12&article_id=1283,1099349 |access-date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=The Sunday Gazette |date=May 4, 1994 |location=Schenectady, New York |page=B10 |language=en}}</ref>

Despite the positive reception from many critics and audiences, Ed Masley from the ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'' who attended the April 20, 1994 performance in Pittsburgh, had opened that Rush did not know how to put on a 'real' rock show, stating that Peart did not know anything about that - calling him a "drag". He noted on the special effects the band used in their performance, stating that the band were still boring, noting on how the images on the screen behind the band had drawn more applause than the musicians performing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masley |first1=Ed |title=After two decades, Rush still doesn't know rock |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIRIAAAAIBAJ&dq=rush+20+years+peart&pg=PA16&article_id=5744,3362425 |access-date=February 23, 2023 |issue=264 |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=April 21, 1994 |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=C-4 |language=en}}</ref>

Kelley Crowley from the ''Observer-Reporter'', whom also criticized the band's performance in a negative light claimed that Geddy Lee's vocals were possessed by the spirit of a mouse and in an "electronic frenzy", also criticizing the "muddy and distorted" sound the band had presented, and the mistakes Lifeson was making on his guitar solo in "The Spirit of Radio". Crowley also acknowledged the complaints of fans on their expectations of hearing the old material at the show. However though, Crowley stated that with the use of the video screen, special effects and lights, it was described as a "sensory experience".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crowley |first1=Kelley |title=Don't hurry to see Rush |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKtdAAAAIBAJ&dq=rush+20+years+peart&pg=PA110&article_id=1301,3884180 |access-date=February 23, 2023 |publisher=Observer-Reporter |date=April 19, 1994 |page=B2 |language=en}}</ref>

==Set list==
This is an example set list adapted from ''Rush: Wandering the Face of the Earth – The Official Touring History'' of what were performed during the tour, but may not represent the majority of the shows.{{sfn|Daly|Hansen|2019|p=324}} The Counterparts Tour was also the first and only Rush tour to not feature any portion(s) of 2112 in the set list since the song's release.
#"[[Dreamline]]"
#"[[The Spirit of Radio]]"
#"[[The Analog Kid]]"
#"[[Cold Fire (song)|Cold Fire]]"
#"[[Time Stand Still (song)|Time Stand Still]]"
#"[[Nobody's Hero (song)|Nobody's Hero]]"
#"[[Roll the Bones (song)|Roll the Bones]]"
#"[[Animate (song)|Animate]]"
#"[[Stick It Out (Rush song)|Stick It Out]]"
#"Double Agent"
#"[[Limelight (Rush song)|Limelight]]"
#"Bravado"
#"[[Mystic Rhythms]]"
#"[[Closer to the Heart]]"
#"[[Show Don't Tell]]"
#"[[Rush Instrumentals#Leave That Thing Alone|Leave That Thing Alone]]"
#"[[Rush Instrumentals#Neil Peart's drum solos|The Rhythm Method]]" (drum solo)
#"[[The Trees (Rush song)|The Trees]]"
#"[[Xanadu (Rush song)|Xanadu]]"
#"[[Cygnus X-1 (song series)|Cygnus X-1 Book II: Hemispheres – Prelude]]"
#"[[Tom Sawyer (song)|Tom Sawyer]]"
#;Encore:
# "[[Force Ten (song)|Force Ten]]"
# "[[YYZ (instrumental)|YYZ]]"
# "[[Cygnus X-1 (song series)|Cygnus X-1 Book I: The Voyage]]" (teaser)

==Tour dates==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of 1994 concerts{{sfn|Daly|Hansen|2019|pp=324–331}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Counterparts Tour |url=https://www.rush.com/tour/counterparts/ |website=Rush.com |access-date=February 22, 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref>
! width="220" |Date
! width="220" |City
! width="220" |Country
! width="300" |Venue
|-
|January 22, 1994||[[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]]|| rowspan="52" |United States||[[Pensacola Civic Center]]
|-
|January 23, 1994||[[New Orleans]]||[[Lakefront Arena]]
|-
|January 25, 1994||[[Austin, Texas|Austin]]||[[Frank Erwin Center]]
|-
|January 26, 1994||[[Houston]]||[[The Summit (Houston)|The Summit]]
|-
|January 28, 1994||[[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]]||[[Reunion Arena]]
|-
|January 29, 1994||[[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]]||[[HemisFair Arena]]
|-
|January 31, 1994||[[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]]||[[Pan American Center]]
|-
|February 1, 1994||[[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]||[[Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum|Veterans Memorial Coliseum]]
|-
|February 3, 1994||[[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]]||[[Great Western Forum]]
|-
|February 5, 1994||[[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]]||[[Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim]]
|-
|February 7, 1994||[[San Diego, California|San Diego]]||[[San Diego Sports Arena]]
|-
|February 8, 1994||[[Fresno, California|Fresno]]||[[Selland Arena]]
|-
|February 10, 1994||[[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]||[[ARCO Arena]]
|-
|February 11, 1994||[[Daly City, California|Daly City]]||[[Cow Palace]]
|-
|February 12, 1994||[[San Jose, California|San Jose]]||[[San Jose Arena]]
|-
|February 23, 1994||[[Murfreesboro, Tennessee|Murfreesboro]]||[[Murphy Center]]
|-
|February 24, 1994||[[Atlanta]]||[[Omni Coliseum]]
|-
|February 25, 1994||[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]||[[Charlotte Coliseum]]
|-
|February 27, 1994||[[Miami, Florida|Miami]]||[[Miami Arena]]
|-
|March 1, 1994||[[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]]||[[Amway Arena]]
|-
|March 2, 1994||[[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]||[[Jacksonville Coliseum]]
|-
|March 4, 1994||[[St. Petersburg, Florida|St. Petersburg]]||[[Tropicana Field|Thunderdome]]
|-
|March 6, 1994||[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]]||[[Dean Smith Center]]
|-
|March 8, 1994|| rowspan="2" |[[New York City, New York|New York City]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Madison Square Garden]]
|-
|March 9, 1994
|-
|March 11, 1994|| rowspan="2" |[[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Worcester Centrum]]
|-
|March 12, 1994
|-
|March 22, 1994||[[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]]||[[The Palace of Auburn Hills]]
|-
|March 23, 1994||[[Richfield, Ohio|Richfield]]||[[Richfield Coliseum]]
|-
|March 25, 1994||[[Cincinnati]]||[[Riverfront Coliseum]]
|-
|March 26, 1994||[[Indianapolis]]||[[Market Square Arena]]
|-
|March 27, 1994||Auburn Hills||The Palace of Auburn Hills
|-
|March 29, 1994|| rowspan="2" |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Rosemont Horizon]]
|-
|March 30, 1994
|-
|April 1, 1994||[[Peoria, Illinois|Peoria]]||[[Peoria Civic Center]]
|-
|April 2, 1994||[[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]]||[[Dane County Coliseum]]
|-
|April 4, 1994||[[St. Louis]]||[[St. Louis Arena]]
|-
|April 5, 1994||[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]||[[Kemper Arena]]
|-
|April 7, 1994||[[Milwaukee]]||[[Bradley Center]]
|-
|April 8, 1994||[[Minneapolis]]||[[Target Center]]
|-
|April 9, 1994||[[Moline, Illinois|Moline]]||[[MARK of the Quad Cities]]
|-
|April 18, 1994||[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]||[[Buffalo Memorial Auditorium]]
|-
|April 20, 1994||[[Pittsburgh]]||[[Civic Arena (Pittsburgh)|Civic Arena]]
|-
|April 22, 1994||[[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]]||[[Meadowlands Arena|Brendan Byrne Arena]]
|-
|April 23, 1994||[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale]]||[[Nassau Coliseum]]
|-
|April 24, 1994||[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]||[[Hartford Civic Center]]
|-
|April 26, 1994||[[Landover, Maryland|Landover]]||[[USAir Arena]]
|-
|April 29, 1994|| rowspan="2" |[[Philadelphia]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Spectrum (arena)|The Spectrum]]
|-
|April 30, 1994
|-
|May 1, 1994||[[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]||[[Providence Civic Center]]
|-
|May 3, 1994||[[Albany, New York|Albany]]||[[Knickerbocker Arena]]
|-
|May 4, 1994||[[Rochester, New York|Rochester]]||[[Rochester War Memorial Arena|War Memorial Arena]]
|-
|May 6, 1994||[[Montreal]]|| rowspan="2" |Canada||[[Montreal Forum]]
|-
|May 7, 1994||[[Toronto]]||[[Maple Leaf Gardens]]
|}

=== Box office score data ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+List of box office score data with date, city, venue, attendance, gross, references
! scope="col" style="width:9em;" |Date (1994)
! scope="col" style="width:13em;" |City
! scope="col" style="width:19em;" |Venue
! scope="col" style="width:9em;" |Attendance
! scope="col" style="width:7em;" |Gross
! scope="col" style="width:5em;" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
|January 22
|Pensacola, United States
|Civic Center
|8,422 / 8,422
|$176,550
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=February 5, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=6 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IwgEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|-
|January 23
|New Orleans, United States
|Lakefront Arena
|7,432 / 7,432
|$180,302
|-
|February 5
|Anaheim, United States
|Arrowhead Pond
|13,460 / 13,460
|$333,647
|<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=February 19, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=8 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KQgEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|-
|February 7
|San Diego, United States
|Sports Arena
|11,242 / 11,668
|$226,598
|<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=March 5, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=10 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQgEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|-
|March 11–12
|Worcester, United States
|Centrum
|22,127 / 25,008
|$535,570
|<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=March 26, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=13 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQgEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|-
|March 23
|Richfield, United States
|Coliseum
|14,717 / 14,717
|$360,270
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=April 16, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=16 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QggEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|-
|March 29–30
|Rosemont, United States
|Rosemont Horizon
|21,665 / 21,665
|$528,363
|-
|April 4
|St. Louis, United States
|Arena
|13,570 / 13,570
|$322,305
|-
|April 20
|Pittsburgh, United States
|Civic Arena
|11,062 / 12,000
|$267,991
|<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=May 7, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=19 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAgEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 23, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|-
|April 22
|East Rutherford, United States
|Meadowlands Arena
|14,083 / 14,083
|$365,829
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=May 14, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=20 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SggEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 23, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|-
|April 23
|Uniondale, United States
|Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum
|11,585 / 11,585
|$313,287
|-
|April 29–30
|Philadelphia, United States
|Spectrum
|23,979 / 27,090
|$586,134
|-
|May 6
|Montreal, Canada
|Forum
|12,913 / 12,913
|$291,306
|<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amusement Business Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |date=May 28, 1994 |volume=106 |issue=22 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwgEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=February 23, 2023 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en |issn=0006-2510}}</ref>
|}

==Personnel==
* [[Geddy Lee]] – vocals, bass, keyboards
* [[Alex Lifeson]] – guitar, backing vocals
* [[Neil Peart]] – drums

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last1=Popoff |first1=Martin |title=Rush: Album by Album |date=2017 |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=978-0-7603-5220-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfA8DgAAQBAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Daly|first1=Skip|last2=Hansen|first2=Eric|title=Rush: Wandering the Face of the Earth – The Official Touring History|year=2019|publisher=Insight Editions|isbn=978-1-68383-450-2}}

{{Rush}}

[[Category:Rush (band) concert tours]]
[[Category:1994 concert tours]]
[[Category:Concert tours of North America]]
[[Category:Concert tours of the United States]]
[[Category:Concert tours of Canada]]

R30: 30th Anniversary World Tour

2025-03-02T21:15:47Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox album
| name = R30: 30th Anniversary World Tour
| type = video
| artist = [[Rush (band)|Rush]]
| cover = R30 Live In Frankfurt.jpg
| alt =
| released = November 22, 2005
| recorded = {{nowrap|September 24, 2004}}
| venue = [[Festhalle Frankfurt]] ([[Frankfurt am Main]])
| studio =
| genre = *[[Hard rock]]
*[[progressive rock]]
*[[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]
| length = ≈130:00
| label = [[Anthem Records|Anthem]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]], Eagle Vision (for the Blu-ray edition)
| director = Pierre Lamoureux
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Feedback (EP)|Feedback]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Gold (Rush album)|Gold]]
| next_year = 2006
}}
{{Album ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r806235/review|pure_url=yes}}|title=R30: 30th Anniversary World Tour - Rush|last=Prato|first=Greg|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|access-date=January 6, 2010}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
| rev2Score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin|title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|edition=4th|isbn=978-0195313734|title-link=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music}}</ref>
|rev3 = ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]''
|rev3score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=8019777&style=movie|title=Rush - R30: 30th Anniversary World Tour Blu-Ray Movie|publisher=[[CD Universe]]|access-date=February 23, 2013}}</ref>
|rev4 = ''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]]''
|rev4score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/rush/albumguide|title=Rush: Album Guide|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=February 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704223108/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/rush/albumguide|archive-date=July 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

'''''R30: 30th Anniversary World Tour''''' is a live [[DVD]] by the Canadian [[rock music|rock]] band [[Rush (band)|Rush]], released on November 22, 2005 in Canada and the US, and November 28, 2005 in Europe. The DVD documents the band's R30: 30th Anniversary Tour, and was recorded on September 24, 2004 at the [[Festhalle Frankfurt]], Germany.

The DVD was released in both a standard and a deluxe set. The standard set includes a DVD of the concert, a second DVD of various interviews/extra live footage/easter eggs, and a booklet. The deluxe edition set includes all the items in the standard edition, as well as two CDs of the DVD content, two limited-edition Rush guitar picks, a souvenir backstage pass, and special slipcase packaging. The CD’s are only available in the deluxe edition set. The guitar picks have Alex Lifeson's and Geddy Lee's signatures printed on them, and come in three colors: red, yellow, and black. The colors of the picks are random in packages.

To reduce overlap with the band's 2003 release ''[[Rush in Rio]]'', eight songs were cut from both DVD versions: "Bravado", "[[YYZ (instrumental)|YYZ]]", "[[The Trees (Rush song)|The Trees]]", "[[One Little Victory]]", "[[Secret Touch]]", "[[Red Sector A]]", "[[La Villa Strangiato]]", and By-Tor and the Snow Dog". The audio CDs in the deluxe version present the shortened set-list as well. Five of the deleted songs were later released:

* "[[Red Sector A]]" on the ''[[Snakes & Arrows Live]]'' DVD (2008)
* "[[Secret Touch]]" on the DVD included with the two-disc version of the ''[[Retrospective III: 1989–2008]]'' compilation (2009)
* "[[One Little Victory]]" on the DVD included with the two-disc version of the ''[[Working Men]]'' compilation (2009)
* "Bravado" and "[[YYZ (instrumental)|YYZ]]" as bonus features for the home media release of the documentary film ''[[Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage]]'' (2010)

The R30 track "Der Trommler" is a drum solo by [[Neil Peart]]. The track [[Rush instrumentals#R30 Overture|"R30 Overture"]] is an instrumental medley of six early Rush songs, one from each of the first six studio albums, with flashes of the band's history appearing in the background at the concerts. The R30 releases also feature four songs from the band's 2004 "cover" EP ''[[Feedback (EP)|Feedback]]''. The tour ultimately featured at least one song from every one of their albums up until that point, except ''[[Caress of Steel]]'' (beyond the snippet of "Bastille Day" as part of the R30 Overture) and ''[[Presto (album)|Presto]]''.

A Blu-ray version of ''R30'', containing the complete concert, was released on December 8, 2009 in the US, and in late 2013 in Europe.

The booklet includes the tour and show credits, as well as many photos of the band chronologically. At the end, a photo of all their albums are shown, which includes their live releases and some compilations albums. The souvenir backstage pass is a fuzzy sticker with paper on the back. From top to bottom, it reads: "rush [;] WORLD TOUR 2004 [;] R30 [;] all areas".

==Track listing==

===DVD disc 1===
# [[Rush Instrumentals#R30 Overture|"R30 Overture"]] - ("Finding My Way"/"Anthem"/"[[Bastille Day (song)|Bastille Day]]"/"[[A Passage to Bangkok]]"/"[[Cygnus X-1 Series|Cygnus X-1 Book I: The Voyage, Book II: Hemispheres - Prelude]]")
# "[[The Spirit of Radio]]"
# "[[Force Ten (song)|Force Ten]]"
# "[[Animate (song)|Animate]]"
# "[[Subdivisions (song)|Subdivisions]]"
# "Earthshine"
# "[[Red Barchetta]]"
# "[[Roll the Bones (song)|Roll the Bones]]"
# "[[The Seeker (the Who song)|The Seeker]]"
# "[[Tom Sawyer (song)|Tom Sawyer]]"
# "[[Dreamline]]"
# "Between the Wheels"
# "[[Mystic Rhythms]]"
# [[Rush Instrumentals#Neil Peart's drum solos|"Der Trommler"]] ([[Neil Peart]]'s drum solo)
# "Resist" (the acoustic arrangement first heard on ''[[Rush in Rio]]'')
# "[[Heart Full of Soul]]"
# [[2112 (album)#The 2112 suite|"2112"]] ([[Rush Instrumentals#2112|"Overture"]]/[[2112 (album)#The 2112 suite|"Temples of Syrinx"]]/[[Rush Instrumentals#2112|"Grand Finale"]])
# "[[Xanadu (Rush song)|Xanadu]]" (abbreviated version)
# "[[Working Man]]"
# "[[Summertime Blues#Rush version|Summertime Blues]]"
# [[Cross Road Blues#Covers|"Crossroads"]]
# "[[Limelight (Rush song)|Limelight]]"

'''Running Time:''' 2 hours 10 minutes

===DVD disc 2===
# 1979: Interview with Geddy Lee at [[Ivor Wynne Stadium]] – Tour of the Hemispheres (10:00)
# 1980: Interview at [[Le Studio]] recording studio in [[Quebec]] featuring all three members together, on the making of the ''[[Permanent Waves]]'' album (13:00)
# 1990: [[Juno Awards]] Artist of the Decade interviews (1980s) featuring all three members separately (15:34)
# 1994: [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] Television: Juno Awards news report - Induction of Rush into the [[Canadian Music Hall of Fame]], presented by [[Tom Cochrane]] (17:33)
# 2002: Interview with Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson for the release of the album ''[[Vapor Trails]]'' (12:51)
# "[[Fly by Night (Rush song)|Fly by Night]]" - Church Session Video (1975)
# "Finding My Way" - from the band's appearance on ''[[Don Kirshner's Rock Concert]]'' (1975)
# "[[In the Mood (Rush song)|In the Mood]]" - Same performance as above
# "[[Circumstances (song)|Circumstances]]"
# [[Rush Instrumentals#La Villa Strangiato|"La Villa Strangiato"]]
# "A Farewell to Kings" - [[Seneca College]] Theatre (1977)
# "Xanadu" - Seneca College Theatre (1977)
# "The Spirit of Radio" - sound check at Ivor Wynne Stadium (1979)
# "[[Freewill (song)|Freewill]]" - [[Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto|Toronto Rocks]] festival performance (2003)
# "[[Closer to the Heart]]" - Canadian Tsunami Disaster Fund charity telethon performance on CBC Television, with Ed Robertson of the [[Barenaked Ladies]] and [[Mike Smith (actor)|Mike Smith]] in character as [[Bubbles (Trailer Park Boys)|Bubbles]] of the [[Trailer Park Boys]] (2005)
# 1988: Rush hits [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] ([[Easter egg (virtual)|Easter egg]]) - Interviews with Geddy Lee and fans prior to a Rush concert in St. John's
# 1990: Alex's Interview for Artist of the Decade (1980s) ([[Easter egg (virtual)|Easter egg]]) - Outtakes from Alex Lifeson's Artist of the Decade interview

'''Running Time:''' 2 hours 8 minutes

===CD disc 1===
# "R30 Overture" – ("Finding My Way", "Anthem", "[[Bastille Day (song)|Bastille Day]]", "[[A Passage to Bangkok]]", "[[Cygnus X-1 (song series)|Cygnus X-1]]", "[[Cygnus X-1 (song series)|Hemispheres]]") – 6:42
# "[[The Spirit of Radio]]" – 5:05
# "[[Force Ten (song)|Force Ten]]" – 4:49
# "[[Animate (song)|Animate]]" – 5:49
# "[[Subdivisions (song)|Subdivisions]]" – 6:09
# "Earthshine" – 5:41
# "[[Red Barchetta]]" – 6:49
# "[[Roll the Bones (song)|Roll the Bones]]" – 6:22
# "[[The Seeker (The Who song)|The Seeker]]" – 3:27
# "[[Tom Sawyer (song)|Tom Sawyer]]" – 5:00
# "[[Dreamline]]" – 5:20

'''Running Time:''' 61:19

===CD disc 2===
# "Between the Wheels" – 6:17
# "[[Mystic Rhythms]]" – 5:22
# "Der Trommler" – 9:01
# "Resist" – 4:33
# "[[Heart Full of Soul]]" – 2:44
# "[[2112 (song)|2112]]" ("Overture"/"Temples of Syrinx"/"Grand Finale") – 8:24
# "[[Xanadu (Rush song)|Xanadu]]" (abbreviated version) – 6:44
# "[[Working Man]]" – 6:14
# "[[Summertime Blues#Rush version|Summertime Blues]]" – 3:41
# "[[Cross Road Blues|Crossroads]]" – 3:13
# "[[Limelight (Rush song)|Limelight]]" – 4:57

'''Running Time:''' 61:13

===Blu-Ray disc===
# [[Rush Instrumentals#R30 Overture|"R30 Overture"]] – ("[[Finding My Way (song)|Finding My Way]]", "Anthem", "[[Bastille Day (song)|Bastille Day]]", "[[A Passage to Bangkok]]", "[[Cygnus X-1 Series|Cygnus X-1", "Hemispheres]]")
# "[[The Spirit of Radio]]"
# "[[Force Ten (song)|Force Ten]]"
# "[[Animate (song)|Animate]]"
# "[[Subdivisions (song)|Subdivisions]]"
# "Earthshine"
# "[[Red Barchetta]]"
# "[[Roll the Bones (song)|Roll the Bones]]"
# "[[Roll the Bones|Bravado]]" (previously unreleased)
# "[[YYZ (instrumental)|YYZ]]" (previously unreleased)
# "[[The Trees (Rush song)|The Trees]]" (previously unreleased)
# "[[The Seeker (The Who song)|The Seeker]]"
# "[[One Little Victory]]" (previously unreleased)
# "[[Tom Sawyer (song)|Tom Sawyer]]"
# "[[Dreamline]]"
# "[[Secret Touch]]" (previously unreleased)
# "Between the Wheels"
# "[[Mystic Rhythms]]"
# "[[Red Sector A]]" (previously unreleased)
# [[Rush Instrumentals#Neil Peart's drum solos|"Der Trommler"]]
# "Resist"
# "[[Heart Full of Soul]]"
# [[2112 (song)|"2112"]] ([[Rush Instrumentals#2112|"Overture"]]/[[2112 (album)#The 2112 suite|"Temples of Syrinx"]]/[[Rush Instrumentals#2112|"Grand Finale"]])
# "[[La Villa Strangiato]]" (previously unreleased)
# "By-Tor and the Snow Dog" (previously unreleased)
# "[[Xanadu (Rush song)|Xanadu]]" (abbreviated version)
# "[[Working Man]]"
# "[[Summertime Blues#Rush version|Summertime Blues]]"
# [[Cross Road Blues|"Crossroads"]]
# "[[Limelight (Rush song)|Limelight]]"
Full concert running time: 182 minutes plus the extra features of the second DVD (127 minutes)

==Personnel==
* [[Geddy Lee]] – bass and acoustic guitars, keyboards, vocals
* [[Alex Lifeson]] – electric and acoustic guitars, bass pedal synth
* [[Neil Peart]] – drums, percussion

== Certifications ==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|artist=Rush|title=R30-30th Anniversary World Tour|type=video|award=Platinum|number=8|relyear=2005|certyear=2006}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|artist=Rush|title=R30-30th Anniversary World Tour|type=video|award=Gold|relyear=2005|certyear=2013|id=10433-789-5}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|artist=Rush|title=R30|type=video|award=Platinum|number=5|relyear=2005|certyear=2010}}
{{certification Table Bottom|nosales=true}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rush.com/ Rush's official website]

{{Rush}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rush (band) video albums]]
[[Category:2005 live albums]]
[[Category:2000s live video albums]]
[[Category:2005 video albums]]
[[Category:Anthem Records live albums]]
[[Category:Anthem Records video albums]]
[[Category:Atlantic Records live albums]]
[[Category:Atlantic Records video albums]]
[[Category:Rush (band) live albums]]

Dig a Pony

2025-01-05T19:02:39Z

80.192.231.72: /* Recording */

{{Use British English|date=December 2021}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{for|the bar named after the song|Dig a Pony (bar)}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Dig a Pony
| cover = Dig a pony.PNG
| cover_size = 160px
| caption = [[Northern Songs]] sheet music cover
| alt =
| artist = [[the Beatles]]
| album = [[Let It Be (album)|Let It Be]]
| released = {{Start date|1970|05|08|df=y}}
| recorded = 30 January 1969
| studio = [[Apple Studios (recording studio)|Apple]], [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI]] and [[Olympic Sound Studios|Olympic Sound]], London
| genre = [[Blues]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Artificial Paradise - The Dark Side of the Beatles' Utopian Dream|page=242|date=2008|first=Kevin|last=Courrier|author-link=Kevin Courrier|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn= 9780313345876}}</ref> [[hard rock]]<ref name="Unterberger/AM">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/let-it-be-mw0000192939|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|title=The Beatles ''Let It Be''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref>
| length = {{Duration|3:52}}
| label = [[Apple Records|Apple]]
| writer = [[Lennon–McCartney]]
| producer = [[Phil Spector]]
| misc = {{Audio sample
| type = song
| file = Dig A Pony.ogg
| description = "Dig a Pony"
}}
}}

"'''Dig a Pony'''" is a song by the English rock band [[the Beatles]] from their 1970 album ''[[Let It Be (album)|Let It Be]]''. It was written by [[John Lennon]] and credited to [[Lennon–McCartney]]. The band recorded the song on 30 January 1969, during their [[The Beatles' rooftop concert|rooftop concert]] at the [[Apple Corps]] building on [[Savile Row]] in central London.

==Composition==
"Dig a Pony" is in the key of [[A major]] and in [[time signature|3/4 time]].{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=289, 449}} It was originally called "All I Want Is You".{{sfn|Miles|2001|p=331}} John Lennon said the song was "a piece of garbage",{{sfn|Sheff|2000|p=205}} though he expressed similar scorn for many of his songs. It was written for his soon-to-be wife [[Yoko Ono]],{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|p=271}} and features a multitude of strange, seemingly nonsensical phrases strung together in what Lennon referred to as a [[Bob Dylan]] style of lyric.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dig A Pony (song) |url=https://www.the-paulmccartney-project.com/song/dig-a-pony/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The Paul McCartney project |language=en}}</ref>

In author [[Ian MacDonald]]'s description, the lyrics "celebrat[e] countercultural claims that society's old values and taboos were dead, that life was a game and art a free-for-all, and (especially) that words meant whatever the hell one wished them to".{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=290}}

"Dig a Pony" was among the first songs the Beatles worked on during day one of their filmed rehearsals for a planned return to live performance, in January 1969.{{sfn|Everett|1999|pp=216, 218}} Lennon introduced it to [[George Harrison]] soon after arriving at [[Twickenham Film Studios]] on 2 January, as the pair ran through their latest songs.{{sfn|Sulpy|Schweighardt|1999|pp=5–7}}

==Recording==
"Dig a Pony" was one of the songs on ''Let It Be'' recorded at the rooftop concert on 30 January 1969.{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|pp=263, 269}}{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=219}} Kevin Harrington, the band's roadie, held up Lennon's lyrics for him while he sang.{{sfn|Sulpy|Schweighardt|1999|p=303}}<ref>{{cite web|title=92 – 'Dig a Pony'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-beatles-songs-20110919/dig-a-pony-19691231|work=100 Greatest Beatles Songs|date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref> It begins with a false start, caused by [[Ringo Starr]] yelling "Hold it!" because he was putting out his cigarette and had both of his drum sticks in his right hand.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fontenot|first=Robert|title=Dig A Pony on About.com|url=http://oldies.about.com/od/thebeatlessongs/a/The-Beatles-Songs-Dig-A-Pony.htm|publisher=About.com|accessdate=3 July 2014|archive-date=21 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121143544/http://oldies.about.com/od/thebeatlessongs/a/The-Beatles-Songs-Dig-A-Pony.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On the recording, the sound of someone blowing his nose right after Starr's interjection can be heard, which [[Mark Lewisohn]] attributes to Lennon.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1992|p=312}}

A studio take of the song from 22 January appears on the 1996 ''[[Anthology 3]]'' outtakes compilation.{{sfn|Winn|2009|pp=250–51}} The sessions took place at the Beatles' [[Apple Studios (recording studio)|Apple Studio]] after they had abandoned the filmed rehearsals at Twickenham.{{sfn|Ingham|2006|p=53}} When [[Glyn Johns]] compiled an album titled ''Get Back'' for the band's consideration in 1969, he favoured the 22 January recording of "Dig a Pony" over the rooftop performance.{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|pp=268–69}} As originally included in the rooftop performance also, the studio recording begins and ends with the line "All I want is ..." When [[Phil Spector]] prepared the album (now titled ''Let It Be'') for release in March 1970, he selected the 30 January live version but shortened the track by cutting the opening and closing "All I want is ..." refrains.{{sfn|Spizer|2003|pp=198–99}} These edits were retained for the ''[[Let It Be... Naked]]'' mix of the rooftop version, issued in 2003, which also omits the false start.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hurwitz |first=Matt |url=http://mixonline.com/recording/interviews/audio_naked_truth_beatles/ |title=The Naked Truth About the Beatles' Let It Be Naked |publisher=Mix Online |date=2004-01-01 |accessdate=2011-08-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131010312/http://mixonline.com/recording/interviews/audio_naked_truth_beatles/ |archivedate=31 January 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Release and reception==
[[Apple Records]] issued ''Let It Be'' on 8 May 1970{{sfn|Miles|2001|p=374}} with "Dig a Pony" sequenced as the second track, between "[[Two of Us (Beatles song)|Two of Us]]" and "[[Across the Universe]]".{{sfn|Spizer|2003|p=197}} The release followed a month after McCartney's comments in a questionnaire promoting his [[McCartney (album)|self-titled solo album]] had resulted in the Beatles' [[Break-up of the Beatles|break-up]].{{sfn|Miles|2001|pp=374, 376}}{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|pp=277, 279}} Early American pressings of ''Let It Be'' mistitled the song as "I Dig a Pony".{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Reviewing the album for ''[[Melody Maker]]'', [[Richard Williams (journalist)|Richard Williams]] said that "Dig a Pony" was the only genuinely new song by Lennon and he admired the "tremendously funky unison guitar riff", adding that "the insane words and wandering tune are typical contemporary Lennon".<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Richard|last=Williams|title=Beatles R.I.P.|magazine=[[Melody Maker]]|date=9 May 1970|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=Sutherland, Steve|title=[[NME|NME Originals]]: Lennon|year=2003|publisher=IPC Ignite!|location=London|page=75}}</ref> Having bemoaned Spector's addition of orchestral and choral overdubs elsewhere on ''Let It Be'', [[John Mendelsohn (musician)|John Mendelsohn]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' welcomed the song as an example of the producer's minimal alteration of some of the January 1969 recordings. He described it as "crossword-puzzlish" and said that the combination of "urgent old rocker's vocal" and similarity to "such earlier Lennonisms as '[[Happiness Is a Warm Gun]]'" almost made up for Spector's omission of "[[Don't Let Me Down (Beatles song)|Don't Let Me Down]]" and "[[Save the Last Dance for Me]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Mendelsohn|first=John|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/let-it-be-19700611|title=The Beatles: Let It Be|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=11 June 1970|access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'' in 2001, [[John Harris (critic)|John Harris]] dismissed the track as "pretty execrable" and an example of Lennon's reduced creativity during ''Let It Be'', as well as a reason that Lennon's criticism of Harrison's songwriting in one of the Twickenham sessions contributed to Harrison's decision to leave the band.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=John|last=Harris|title=A Quiet Storm|magazine=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]|date=July 2001|page=68}}</ref> [[Neil McCormick]] of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' views "Dig a Pony" as "embarrassing", saying that Lennon was "the guiltiest party" with regard to the generally uninspiring songs on ''Let It Be''.<ref>{{cite news|last=McCormick|first=Neil|title=The Beatles – Let It Be (8th May, 1970), review|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/the-beatles/6139196/The-Beatles-Let-It-Be-8th-May-1970-review.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=8 September 2009|access-date=11 December 2021|archive-date=16 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516073426/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/the-beatles/6139196/The-Beatles-Let-It-Be-8th-May-1970-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Among Beatles biographers, Ian MacDonald described the song as "inconsequential fun", saying of the counterculture-inspired lyrics: "Suspect even in 1967, such whimsy was looking distinctly bedraggled by 1969, but enough people wanted it to be true to ensure that it survived in the minds of progressive educationalists for the next twenty years." In his view, the track benefits from the discipline imposed on the Beatles by having to perform in public, resulting in a "real ensemble performance ... and even a hint of swing".{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|pp=289–90}} [[Mark Hertsgaard]] deems it a "lyrically muddled love call to Yoko" and lacking in melody, yet the combination of McCartney's high harmony singing and the inventiveness of Harrison's lead guitar part "made it seem more interesting than it actually was".{{sfn|Hertsgaard|1996|p=271}} Citing the lyrics, [[Peter Doggett]] says that Lennon was rightly dismissive of the song,{{sfn|Miles|2001|p=376}} while Chris Ingham calls it "riffily convoluted gobbledygook" with a "lugubrious chromatic approach" that Spector's editing wisely pared back.{{sfn|Ingham|2006|p=59}}

==Personnel==
According to [[Walter Everett (musicologist)|Walter Everett]]:{{sfn|Everett|1999|p=226}}

'''The Beatles'''
* [[John Lennon]] – lead vocal, rhythm guitar
* [[Paul McCartney]] – harmony vocal, bass guitar
* [[George Harrison]] – lead guitar
* [[Ringo Starr]] – drums

'''Additional musician'''
* [[Billy Preston]] – [[electric piano]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Everett|first=Walter|author-link=Walter Everett (musicologist)|year=1999|title=The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver Through the Anthology|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-19-512941-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTkHAldi4bEC}}
* {{cite book|last=Hertsgaard|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Hertsgaard|title=A Day in the Life: The Music and Artistry of the Beatles|publisher=Pan Books|location=London|year=1996|isbn=0-330-33891-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Ingham|first=Chris|title=The Rough Guide to the Beatles|year=2006|publisher=Rough Guides/Penguin|location=London|isbn=978-1-84836-525-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Lewisohn|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Lewisohn|year=1992|title=The Complete Beatles Chronicle: The Definitive Day-by-Day Guide to the Beatles' Entire Career|publisher=Harmony Books|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-517-58100-0}}
* {{cite book|last=MacDonald|first=Ian|year=1998|author-link=Ian MacDonald|title=Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties|publisher=Pimlico|location=London|isbn=978-0-7126-6697-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Miles|first=Barry|author-link=Barry Miles|title=The Beatles Diary Volume 1: The Beatles Years|year=2001|publisher=Omnibus Press|location=London|isbn=0-7119-8308-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Sheff|first=David|title=All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York, NY|year=2000|orig-year=1981|isbn=0-312-25464-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HL7X-YyrINUC}}
* {{cite book|last=Spizer|first=Bruce|author-link=Bruce Spizer|title=The Beatles on Apple Records|publisher=498 Productions|location=New Orleans, LA|year=2003|isbn=0-9662649-4-0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sulpy|first1=Doug|last2=Schweighardt|first2=Ray|title=Get Back: The Unauthorized Chronicle of the Beatles' ''Let It Be'' Disaster|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|location=New York, NY|year=1999|isbn=0-312-19981-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Winn|first=John C.|year=2009|title=That Magic Feeling: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, Volume Two, 1966–1970|publisher=Three Rivers Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-307-45239-9}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{noteson|http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/DATABASES/AWP/dap.shtml|Dig a Pony}}

{{Let It Be}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dig A Pony}}
[[Category:1970 songs]]
[[Category:Blues songs]]
[[Category:British hard rock songs]]
[[Category:The Beatles songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Lennon–McCartney]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Phil Spector]]
[[Category:Songs published by Northern Songs]]

Friday (Daniel Bedingfield song)

2024-12-31T00:38:40Z

80.192.231.72:

{{short description|2003 single}}
{{use dmy dates |date=June 2020}}
{{infobox song
| name = Friday
| cover = fridaydb.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Daniel Bedingfield]]
| album = [[Gotta Get Thru This (album)|Gotta Get Thru This]]
| released = {{start date|2003|10|20|df=y}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=New Releases: Singles|magazine=[[Music Week]]|page=37|date=18 October 2003}}</ref>
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = 
| length = 3:30
| label = [[Polydor Records|Polydor]]
| writer = Daniel Bedingfield
| producer = Daniel Bedingfield, Al Stone
| prev_title = [[Never Gonna Leave Your Side]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Nothing Hurts Like Love]]
| next_year = 2004
}}

"'''Friday'''" is the sixth and final single from British singer [[Daniel Bedingfield]]'s debut album, ''[[Gotta Get Thru This (album)|Gotta Get Thru This]]'' (2002). It peaked at number 28 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] (his first single not to reach the top ten, as well as twenty) and number 49 on the [[Irish Singles Chart]].

==Track listings==
'''UK CD1'''<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Friday|others=[[Daniel Bedingfield]]|year=2003|type=UK CD1 liner notes|publisher=[[Polydor Records]]|id=981 291-9}}</ref>
# "Friday" (radio edit)
# "[[James Dean (I Wanna Know)]]" (live [[BBC Radio 2|Radio 2]] session)
# "Friday" (Solaris vocal edit)
# "Friday" (video)

'''UK CD2'''<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Friday|others=Daniel Bedingfield|year=2003|type=UK CD2 liner notes|publisher=Polydor Records|id=981 292-0}}</ref>
# "Friday" (live Radio 2 session)
# "[[Never Gonna Leave Your Side]]" (live Radio 2 session)
# "Blown It Again" (Peggy remix)

'''UK cassette single'''<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Friday|others=Daniel Bedingfield|year=2003|type=UK cassette single sleeve|publisher=Polydor Records|id=981 292-1}}</ref>
# "Friday" (radio edit)
# "Friday" ([[Roni Size]] mix)

==Charts==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"|Chart (2003)
!scope="col"|Peak position
|-
{{single chart|Ireland|49|year=2003|week=43|rowheader=true|access-date=12 December 2018}}
|-
{{single chart|Scotland|36|date=20031101|rowheader=true|access-date=12 December 2018}}
|-
{{single chart|UK|28|date=20031101|rowheader=true|access-date=12 December 2018}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Daniel Bedingfield}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friday (Daniel Bedingfield Song)}}
[[Category:2002 songs]]
[[Category:2003 singles]]
[[Category:Daniel Bedingfield songs]]
[[Category:Polydor Records singles]]
[[Category:Songs written by Daniel Bedingfield]]

{{2000s-UK-single-stub}}

Richard J Oliver

2024-12-30T23:59:55Z

80.192.231.72:

{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Richard J Oliver
| image =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Richard James Oliver
| alias = Jamie Oliver<ref name="BBC"/>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1975|07|16}}<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/lostprophets/pages/jamie-oliver.shtml|title=Lostprophets - Jamie Oliver|website=BBC}}</ref>
| origin = [[Pontypridd]], [[Wales]]<ref name="RJO">{{Cite web|title=Buy Fine Art Paintings Online {{!}} USA {{!}} Richard J Oliver|url=https://www.richardjoliver.com/|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Richard J Oliver Art|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-11-09|title=Homecoming gig|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/homecoming-gig-2297391|access-date=2021-05-14|website=WalesOnline|language=en}}</ref>
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Alternative rock]]
* [[alternative metal]]
* [[post-hardcore]]
* [[nu metal]]
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Artist
* musician
* Fitness instructor
}}
| years_active = 2000–2017 (as a musician)
2017-present (as an artist)
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Keyboards
* [[Turntablism|turntables]]
* vocals
* bass guitar
}}
| website = https://www.richardjoliver.com/
}}

'''Richard James Oliver''' (born 16 July 1975), formerly known as '''Jamie Oliver''' (not to be confused with the [[Jamie Oliver|celebrity chef]]), is a Welsh artist, fitness instructor<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=RRMH7WYDemk |title=Richard J. Oliver, GX24 Instructor {{!}} 24 Hour Fitness |date=2020-01-17 |last=24 Hour Fitness |access-date=2024-12-11 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and former musician. He is known as the former keyboardist of [[No Devotion]] and former keyboardist, turntablist and supporting vocalist for the Welsh rock band [[Lostprophets]].<ref name="RichardJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/lostprophets/pages/biography.shtml|title=BBC - Lostprophets biography|website=BBC.co.uk}}</ref> Oliver quit the music industry in 2017 in order to focus on his art career.

==Early life==
Oliver and the band remotely knew each other, as they were part of the same music scene. Oliver used to play bass guitar in small local bands in his late teens, and was offered a place of the lead vocalist in [[Lee Gaze]]'s first band, Fleshbind; he declined the offer as he had to go to university.<ref name="netmusiccountdown.com">{{Cite web|title=Interview with Lost Prophets|url=http://www.outlineonline.co.uk//content/interview-with-lost-prophets/interviews/109403/2482|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Outline Magazine}}</ref>

==Career==
===Musician career===
The band have stated that Oliver was only added to the band so he could go on tour with them as a photographer, for they were impressed by his work.<ref name="BBC"/> The band asked their management if they could bring Oliver on tour with them in 2000. They were told they could not afford to take someone who was not part of the band or their crew with them, so Oliver bought a set of turntables and quickly learnt what he needed to play.<ref name="BBC"/> It is unclear how this occurrence coincides with ex-turntablist [[DJ Stepzak]]'s departure from the band.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/lostprophets/pages/family-tree.shtml|title=BBC - Lostprophets family tree|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> As the band themselves worked on the remastered ''[[The Fake Sound of Progress]]'', it can be assumed that the notably larger changes in the turntable and sample parts (recorded by Stepzak) compared to the other instruments is due to Oliver's influence on the record.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-fake-sound-of-progress-mw0000014237/credits|title=The Fake Sound of Progress - Lostprophets - Credits|website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>

Oliver was also the keyboard and synthesizer player and founding member of the Welsh/American alternative rock band, [[No Devotion]], whose debut album was released in September 2015 and won the [[Kerrang!]] Award for Best Album. He departed the band in 2017 to focus on his art career.

===Artist career===
Oliver is also an artist and had made quite a successful career before joining Lostprophets. Some of his works have been known to sell for up to £5,000 each.<ref name="BBC"/> He studied fine art at the [[University of the West of England]], Bristol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newwaveart.com/blogs/news/richard-j-oliver|title=Richard J. Oliver|first=New Wave|last=Art|website=New Wave Art}}</ref> As an adolescent he used to take photos of small-town life in his Welsh village of Cilfynydd, in the community of Pontypridd, and painted them back on canvas.<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="RJO"/><ref name="netmusiccountdown.com"/> Then, as a student, he took interest in adapting the Tales of Mabinogion, traditional Welsh tales, into modern scenes. Oliver has worked with Ian Watkins on all of Lostprophets' artwork since 2003, possibly before, and he drew the pictures found in the booklet of the album ''[[Start Something]]'' (also used on covers for the "[[Burn Burn (song)|Burn Burn]]" single) personally.<ref name="Start Something liner notes">{{cite AV media notes | title=Start Something | year=2004 | others=[[Lostprophets]] | type=liner notes | publisher=[[Visible Noise]] | location=UK }}</ref>

From 2009, he started to paint again, stating that his new works allowed him to express himself much better as an artist than his older works did. His newer works mostly represent children finding themselves alone in landscapes of war or desolation. Oliver attributes this recurring theme to the fears brought by fatherhood in our current world state. He also mentioned the study of Taoism and meditation helped him develop the new expression technique.<ref name="RJO"/>

In 2012, Oliver was shortlisted for the Welsh Artist of the Year Award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/lostprophets-jamie-oliver-shortlisted-welsh-2029607|title=Lostprophets' Jamie Oliver shortlisted for Welsh Artist of the Year Award|first=David|last=Owens|date=24 June 2012|website=WalesOnline|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>

Oliver's first showing in America opened in Los Angeles at the Known Gallery, in January 2013, displaying most of his newer works.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knowngallery.com/|title=Home » Known Gallery|website=Knowngallery.com}}</ref> Oliver also collaborated with the association skate4cancer, painting the piece "Dream, Love, Cure" and selling prints for the charity.<ref name="RJO"/>

==Personal life==
Oliver currently resides in Los Angeles<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wowxwow.com/artist-interview/richard-j-oliver-ai|title=Richard J Oliver - Artist Interview|first=WOW x|last=WOW|date=10 October 2016|website=WOW x WOW}}</ref> with his wife, Michelle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.richardjoliver.com/book-online|title=COMMISSIONS|website=Richard J Oliver Art}}</ref>

==Discography==
;Lostprophets
{{Main|Lostprophets discography}}
* ''[[The Fake Sound of Progress]]'' (2001, remaster)
* ''[[Start Something]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Liberation Transmission]]'' (2006)
* ''[[The Betrayed (Lostprophets album)|The Betrayed]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Weapons (album)|Weapons]]'' (2012)

;No Devotion
* ''[[Permanence (No Devotion album)|Permanence]]'' (2015)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{lostprophets}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oliver, Jamie K}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lostprophets members]]
[[Category:Nu metal singers]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Welsh artists]]
[[Category:Welsh keyboardists]]
[[Category:People from Pontypridd]]
[[Category:No Devotion members]]

Trespass

2024-12-26T23:00:01Z

80.192.231.72: /* Trespass to chattels */

{{Short description|Legal concept of intentional interference}}
{{other uses}}
{{redirect|Unlawful entry|the film|Unlawful Entry (film)}}
{{Globalize|article|USA|2name=the United States|date=April 2011}}
{{Tort law|property}}

'''Trespass''' is an area of [[tort law]] broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person (see below), [[trespass to chattels]], and [[trespass to land]].

Trespass to the person historically involved six separate trespasses: threats, assault, battery, wounding, mayhem (or maiming), and false imprisonment.<ref>Underhill and Pease, p. 250</ref> Through the evolution of the common law in various jurisdictions, and the codification of common law torts, most jurisdictions now broadly recognize three trespasses to the person: assault, which is "any act of such a nature as to excite an apprehension of battery";<ref name="JohnsonGlick1033">''Johnson v. Glick'', {{West|F|481|2|1028|2nd Cir.|1973|1033}}</ref> battery, "any intentional and unpermitted contact with the plaintiff's person or anything attached to it and practically identified with it";<ref name="JohnsonGlick1033"/> and false imprisonment, the "{{nowrap|unlawful}} {{nowrap|obstruction}} or {{nowrap|deprivation}} of freedom from restraint of movement".<ref name="BroughtonNY">''Broughton v. New York'', 37 N.Y.2d 451, 456–7</ref>

Trespass to chattel does not require a showing of damages. Simply the "intermeddling with or use of … the personal property" of another gives cause of action for trespass.<ref>''Thrifty-Tel'', at 1567</ref><ref>Restatement (Second) of Torts § 217(b)</ref> Since ''[[CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.]]'',<ref name="Compu1015">{{West|SUPP|962||1015|S.D.Ohio|1997|}}</ref> various courts have applied the principles of trespass to chattel to resolve cases involving unsolicited bulk e-mail and unauthorized server usage.<ref>''America Online, Inc., v. LCGM, Inc.'', {{West|SUPP|46|2|444|E.D.Vir.|1998|}}</ref><ref name="AOLIMS">''America Online, Inc. v. IMS'', {{West|SUPP|24|2|548|E.D.Vir.|1998|}}</ref><ref>''eBay, Inc., v. Bidder's Edge, Inc.'', {{West|SUPP|100|2|1058|N.D.Cal.|2000|}}</ref><ref>''Register.com, Inc., v. Verio, Inc.'', {{West|SUPP|126|2|238|S.D.N.Y.|2000|}}</ref>

Trespass to land is today the tort most commonly associated with the term ''trespass''; it takes the form of "wrongful interference with one's possessory rights in [real] property".<ref name="Roberts301">''Robert's River Rides v. Steamboat Dev.'', {{West|NW|520|2|294|Iowa|1994|301}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sacharoff|first=Laurent|date=Jan 2016|title=Trespass and Deception|journal=Brigham Young University Law Review|volume=2015|pages=359–412}}</ref> Generally, it is not necessary to prove harm to a possessor's legally protected interest; liability for unintentional trespass varies by jurisdiction. "{{nowrap|At}} common law, every unauthorized entry upon the soil of another was a [[trespasser]]"; however, under the tort scheme established by the [[Restatement of Torts]], liability for unintentional intrusions arises only under circumstances evincing negligence or where the intrusion involved a highly dangerous activity.<ref name="LoeLenhard">''Loe et ux. v. Lenhard et al.'', {{West|P|362|2|312|Or.|1961|}}</ref>

Trespass has also been treated as a [[common law offense]] in some countries.

==Trespass to the person==
There are three types of trespass, the first of which is trespass to the person. Whether intent is a necessary element of trespass to the person varies by jurisdiction. Under English decision, ''[[Letang v Cooper]]'',<ref>{{Oscola|PROP|1964|2|All ER|292|CA|}}</ref> intent is required to sustain a trespass to the person cause of action; in the absence of intent, negligence is the appropriate tort. In other jurisdictions, gross negligence is sufficient to sustain a trespass to the person, such as when a defendant negligently operates an automobile and strikes the plaintiff with great force. "Intent is to be presumed from the act itself."<ref>''Myers v. Baker'', {{West|S|387||643|Ala. Ct. App.| 1931|644}} qtd. in ''McKenzie v. Killian'', {{West|S|887|2|861|Ala.|2004|865}} (An automobile accident occurring wrongfully and with great force constitutes a trespass if facts prove an intentional or grossly negligent act. Intent is presumed from the act itself.)</ref> Generally, and as defined by [[Reginald Goff|Goff LJ]] in ''[[Collins v Wilcock]]'',<ref>{{cite book|title=Tort Law|author=Kirsty Horsey & Erika Rackley|edition=3|page=376|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013}}</ref> trespass to the person consists of three torts: assault, battery, and false imprisonment.

===Assault===
{{main|Assault (tort)}}

In various common law jurisdictions, assault is both a crime and a tort. Generally, a person commits criminal assault if they purposely, knowingly, or recklessly inflict bodily injury upon another; if they negligently inflict bodily injury upon another by means of dangerous weapon; or if through physical menace, they place another in fear of imminent serious bodily injury.<ref>Summary of Model Penal Code § 211.1 (simple assault)</ref> A person commits tortious assault when they engage in "any act of such a nature as to excite an apprehension of battery [bodily injury]".<ref name="JohnsonGlick1033"/> In some jurisdictions, there is no requirement that actual physical violence result—simply the "threat of unwanted touching of the victim" suffices to sustain an assault claim.<ref>''Banks v. Fritsch'', {{West|SW|39|3|474|Ky. Ct. App.|2001|480}}</ref> Consequently, in ''[[R v Constanza]]'',<ref>''R v Constanza'' {{Oscola|NEUT|1997|ew|Crim|633|EWCA|}}</ref> the court found a stalker's threats could constitute assault. Similarly, silence, given certain conditions, may constitute an assault as well.<ref>''R v Ireland'' {{Oscola|NEUT|1997|uk||34|UKHL|}}</ref> However, in other jurisdictions, simple threats are insufficient; they must be accompanied by an action or condition to trigger a cause of action.<ref>''People v. Floyd'', {{West|NE|537|2|74|Ill. App.|1996|}}</ref>

Incongruity of a defendant's language and action, or of a plaintiff's perception and reality may vitiate an assault claim. In ''[[Tuberville v Savage]]'',<ref>''Tuberville v Savage'' {{Oscola|PROP|1669|1|Mod Rep|3||}}, {{Oscola|PROPN||86|ER|684|KB|}}</ref> the defendant reached for his sword and told the plaintiff that "{{nowrap|[i]f}} it were not [[Assize court|assize-time]], I would not take such language from you". In its American counterpart, ''Commonwealth v. Eyre'',<ref>1 Serg & R (Pa.) 3478 (1815)</ref> the defendant shouted "{{nowrap|[i]f}} it were not for your gray hairs, I would tear your heart out". In both cases, the courts held that despite a threatening gesture, the plaintiffs were not in immediate danger. The actions must give the plaintiff a reasonable expectation that the defendant is going to use violence; a fist raised before the plaintiff may suffice; the same fist raised behind the window of a police cruiser will not.<ref>Elliott, p. 301.</ref>

===Battery===
{{main|Battery (tort)}}

Battery is "any intentional and unpermitted contact with the plaintiff's person or anything attached to it and practically identified with it". The elements of battery common law varies by jurisdiction. In the United States, the American Law Institute's [[Restatement of Torts]] provides a general rule to determine liability for battery:<ref>1 Restatement of Torts 29 § 13</ref>

{{quote|An act which, directly or indirectly, is the legal cause of a harmful contact with another's person makes the actor liable to the other, if:

{{unbulleted list|item_style=margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em|(a) the act is done with the intention of bringing about a harmful or offensive contact or an apprehension thereof to the other or a third person, and
|(b) contact is not consented to by the other or the other's consent thereto is procured by fraud or duress, and
|(c) the contact is not otherwise privileged.}}}}

Battery torts under Commonwealth precedent are subjected to a four point test to determine liability:<ref>Trinidade, p. 216</ref>

# ''Directness''. Is the sequence of events connecting initial conduct and the harmful contact an unbroken series?<ref>''Scott v Shepherd'' [1773] 2 Wm Bl 892, (1773) 95 ER 1124 (K.B.)</ref>
# ''Intentional act''. Was the harmful contact the conscious object of the defendant? Did the defendant intend to cause the resulting harm? Though the necessity of intent remains an integral part of Commonwealth battery,<ref>''Law of Torts'', 5th ed (1977) 24, n. 26</ref> some Commonwealth jurisdictions have moved toward the American jurisprudence of "substantial certainty".<ref name="Trin221">Trinidade, p. 221</ref> If a reasonable person in the defendant's position would apprehend the substantial certainty of the consequences of his actions, whether the defendant intended to inflict the injuries is immaterial.<ref name="Trin221"/>
# ''Bodily contact''. Was there active (as opposed to passive) contact between the bodies of the plaintiff and the defendant?
# ''Consent''. Did the plaintiff consent to the harmful contact? The onus is on the defendant to establish sufficient and effective consent.<ref>''Schweizer v Central Hospital'' (1974) OR (2d) 606, 53 DLR (3d) 494 (Ont HC)</ref><ref>''Kelly v Hazlett'' (1976) 75 DLR (3d) 536 (Ont HC)</ref>

===False imprisonment===
{{main|False imprisonment}}

False imprisonment is defined as "{{nowrap|unlaw[ful]}} {{nowrap|obstruct[ion]}} or {{nowrap|depriv[ation]}} of freedom from restraint of movement".<ref name="BroughtonNY"/> In some jurisdictions, false imprisonment is a tort of strict liability: no intention on the behalf of the defendant is needed, but others require an intent to cause the confinement.<ref>[[Restatement (Second) of Torts]] § 44 (1965)</ref> Physical force, however, is not a necessary element,<ref>''Schanafelt v. Seaboard Finance Co.'', 108 Cal. App. 2d 420, 422–423 (A judgment against a finance company was upheld after a company employee used false imprisonment in repossession of plaintiff's furniture for payment delinquency, instructing the plaintiff she must remain in her home and could not leave.)</ref> and confinement need not be lengthy;<ref>''Alterauge v. Los Angeles Turf Club'', {{West|P|218|2|802|Cal. Ct. App.|1950|}} (A detention of the plaintiff for fifteen minutes by track detectives searching for evidence of bookmaking was held to constitute false imprisonment.)</ref><ref>''Austin & Anor v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis'' {{Oscola|NEUT|2007|ew|Civ|989|EWCA|}} (Seven hours of police detention constitutes false imprisonment.)</ref>
the restraint must be complete,<ref>''Bird v Jones'' {{Oscola|PROP|1845|7|QB|742|||}} (The partial obstruction of a footpath ordinarily traversed by the plaintiff is not sufficient to sustain a claim of false imprisonment, as alternative paths existed.)</ref><ref name="Balmain New Ferry">{{cite AustLII|HCA|83|1906|litigants=[[Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson]] |parallelcite=[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1906/83.pdf (1906) 4 {{abbr|CLR|Commonwealth Law Reports}} 379] |courtname=auto |date=18 December 1906}}.</ref> though the defendant needn't resist.<ref>''Grainger v Hill'', {{Oscola|PROPN|1838|4|Bing (NC)|212|||}}</ref>

Conveniently, the American Law Institute's Restatement (Second) of Torts distills false imprisonment liability analysis into a four-prong test:

# The defendant intends to confine the plaintiff. (This is not necessary in Commonwealth jurisdictions.)
# The plaintiff is conscious of the confinement. (Prosser rejects this requirement.)<ref>''Torts'' [4th ed], § 11</ref>
# The plaintiff does not consent to the confinement.
# The confinement was not otherwise privileged.

===Defenses===

====Child correction====
Depending on the jurisdiction, corporal punishment of children by parents or instructors may be a defense to trespass to the person, so long as the punishment was "reasonably necessary under the circumstances to discipline a child who has misbehaved" and the defendant "{{nowrap|exercise[d]}} prudence and restraint".<ref>''Ingraham v. Wright'', 430 U.S. 651, 676-7</ref> Unreasonable punishments, such as violently grabbing a student's arm and hair, have no defense.<ref>''Garcia by Garcia v. Miera'', {{West|F|817|2|650|10th Cir.|1987|655–6}}</ref> Many jurisdictions, however, limit [[corporal punishment]] to parents, and a few, such as [[2009 New Zealand child discipline referendum|New Zealand]], have criminalized the practice.<ref>Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007</ref>

====Consent====
[[File:FitzsimmonsDempseyNOLAJan1891FB1.JPG|thumbnail|left|[[Alfred Denning, Baron Denning|Denning LJ]]: "[I]n an ordinary fight with fists there is no cause of action to either of [the combatants] for any injury suffered."]]

Perhaps the most common defense for the torts of trespass to the person is that of {{lang|la|[[volenti non fit injuria]]}}, literally, "to a willing person, no injury is done", but shortened to "consensual privilege" or "consent". If a plaintiff participates in a sporting activity in which physical contact is ordinary conduct, such as rugby, they are considered to have consented. This is not the case if the physical contact went beyond what could be expected, such as the use of hand gun during a fistfight, as in ''Andrepont v Naquin'',<ref>''Andrepont v Naquin'' {{West|S|345|2|1216|La.App.|1977|1219–20}}</ref> or where the injuries were suffered not from the plaintiff's participation in the sport but inadequate safety measures taken, as in ''Watson v British Boxing Board of Control Ltd''.<ref>''Watson v British Boxing Board of Control Ltd'' {{Oscola|NEUT|2000|ew|Civ|2116|EWCA|}}</ref> Where the plaintiff and defendant voluntarily agree to participate in a fight, some jurisdictions will deny relief in civil action, so long as the injuries caused are proportionate: "in an ordinary fight with fists there is no cause of action to either of [the combatants] for any injury suffered".<ref>''Lane v Holloway'' {{Oscola|NEUT|1967|ew|Civ|1|EWCA|[3]}}</ref> Other jurisdictions refuse to recognize consent as a defense to [[mutual combat]] and instead provide relief under the doctrine of comparative negligence.<ref>''Reinertsen v. Rygg'', No. 55831-1-I</ref><ref>''Hudson v. Craft'', 33 Cal.2d 654, 656</ref><ref>''State v. Mackrill'', {{West|P|191|3|451|Mont.|2008|457}}</ref>

Medical care gives rise to many claims of trespass to the person. A physician, "treating a mentally competent adult under non-emergency circumstances, cannot properly undertake to perform surgery or administer other therapy without the prior consent of his patient".<ref>''Sard v. Hardy'', 281 Md. 432, 439</ref> Should he do so, he commits a trespass to the person and is liable for damages. However, if the plaintiff is informed by a doctor of the broad risks of a medical procedure, there will be no claim under trespass against the person for resulting harm caused; the plaintiff's agreement constitutes [[informed consent]].<ref>''Chatterton v Gerson'' {{Oscola|PROP|1981|1|All ER|257|QB|}}</ref> In those cases where the patient does not possess sufficient mental capacity to consent, doctors must exercise extreme caution. In ''F v West Berkshire Health Authority'',<ref>''F v West Berkshire Health Authority'' {{Oscola|PROP|1989|2|All ER|545,||565–66}}</ref> the House of Lords instructed British physicians that, to justify operating upon such an individual, there "(1) must ... be a necessity to act when it is not practicable to communicate with the assisted person ... [and] (2) the action taken must be such as a reasonable person would in all the circumstances take, acting in the best interests of the assisted person".

====Self-defense / defense of others / defense of property====
Self-defense, or non-consensual privilege, is a valid defense to trespasses against the person, assuming that it constituted the use of "[[reasonable force]] which they honestly and reasonably believe is necessary to protect themselves or someone else, or property".<ref>Elliott, p. 308</ref> The force used must be proportionate to the threat, as ruled in ''[[Cockcroft v Smith]]''.<ref>''Cockcroft v Smith'' {{Oscola|PROP|1705|2|Salk|642||}}</ref>

==Trespass to chattels==
{{main|Trespass to chattels}}

Trespass to chattels (also known as trespass to goods or trespass to personal property) is defined as "an intentional interference with the possession of personal property...proximately {{nowrap|caus[ing]}} injury".<ref name="Thrifty-Tel, Inc 1559">''Thrifty-Tel, Inc., v. Bezenek'', 46 Cal. App. 4th 1559, 1566–7</ref> While originally a remedy for the asportation of personal property, the tort grew to incorporate any interference with the personal property of another.<ref>''Thrifty-Tel, Inc.'', at 1566</ref> In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom,{{dubious|date=September 2011}} trespass to chattels has been codified to clearly define the scope of the remedy;<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977|year=1977|chapter=32}}</ref><ref name=el4>Elliott, p. 314</ref> in most jurisdictions, trespass to chattel remains a purely common law remedy, the scope of which varies by jurisdiction.

Generally, trespass to chattels possesses three elements:

# ''Lack of consent''. The interference with the property must be non-consensual. A claim does not lie if, in acquiring the property, the purchaser consents contractually to certain access by the seller. "{{nowrap|[A]ny}} use exceeding the consent" authorized by the contract, should it cause harm, gives rise to a cause for action.<ref>Restatement (Second) of Torts § 256 (1965)</ref>
# ''Actual harm''. The interference with the property must result in actual harm.<ref name="Compu1015"/> The threshold for actual harm varies by jurisdiction. In California, for instance, an electronic message may constitute a trespass if the message interferes with the functioning of the computer hardware, but the plaintiff must prove that this interference caused actual hardware damage or actual impaired functioning.<ref>''[[Intel Corp. v. Hamidi]]'', {{West|P|71|3|296|Cal.|2003|}}</ref>
# ''Intentionality''. The interference must be intentional. What constitutes intention varies by jurisdiction, however, the Restatement (Second) of Torts indicates that "intention is present when an act is done for the purpose of using or otherwise intermeddling with a chattel or with knowledge that such an intermeddling will, to a substantial certainty, result from the act", and continues: "{{nowrap|[i]t}} is not necessary that the actor should know or have reason to know that such intermeddling is a violation of the possessory rights of another".<ref>Restatement (Second) of Torts § 217 (1965)</ref>

Remedies for trespass to chattel include damages, liability for conversion, and injunction, depending on the nature of the interference.<ref name="Ledge848">Ledgerwood, p. 848</ref>

===Traditional applications===
Trespass to chattels typically applies to tangible property and allows the owner of such property to seek relief when a third party intentionally interferes or intermeddles in the owner's possession of his personal property.<ref>Ledgerwood, p. 847</ref> "Interference" is often interpreted as the "taking" or "destroying" of goods, but can be as minor as "touching" or "moving" them in the right circumstances. In ''[[Kirk v Gregory]]'',<ref>''Kirk v Gregory'' [1876] 1 Ex D 55</ref> the defendant moved jewelry from one room to another, where it was stolen. The deceased owner's executor successfully sued her for trespass to chattel. Furthermore, personal property, as traditionally construed, includes living objects, except where property interests are restricted by law. Thus animals are personal property,<ref>''Slater v Swann'' {{Oscola|PROP|1730|2|Stra|872||}}</ref> but organs are not.<ref>''AB & Ors v Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust'' {{Oscola|NEUT|2004|ew||644|EWHC|}} (QB)</ref>

===Modern US applications===
[[File:Intel logo (1968).svg|thumbnail|200px|right|In ''Intel v. Hamidi'', the Supreme Court of California ruled that a plaintiff in a suit for electronic trespass to chattels must establish actual damage.]]
In recent years, trespass to chattels has been expanded in the United States to cover [[intangible property]], including combating the proliferation of [[Email spam|unsolicited bulk email]] as well as [[virtual goods|virtual property]] interests in online worlds. In the late 1990s, American courts enlarged trespass to chattels, first to include the unauthorized use of long distance telephone lines,<ref>"{{nowrap| [T]he}} electronic signals generated by the [defendants'] activities were sufficiently tangible to support a trespass cause of action." ''Thrifty-Tel v. Bezenek'', 46 Cal.App.4th 1559, n. 6 54 Cal.Rptr.2d 468 (1996)</ref> and later to include unsolicited bulk email.<ref name="Compu1015"/> In 1998, a federal court in Virginia held that the owner of a marketing company committed trespass to chattels against an Internet service provider's computer network by sending 60 million unauthorized email advertisements after being notified that the spam was unauthorized.<ref name="AOLIMS"/> In ''America Online, Inc. v. LCGM, Inc.'',<ref>''America Online, Inc. v. LCGM, Inc.'', {{West|SUPP|46|2|444|N.D.Vir.|1998|}}</ref> [[AOL]] successfully sued a pornographic website for spamming AOL customers and forging the AOL domain name to trick customers. By the new millennium, trespass to chattel expanded beyond bulk email. In ''eBay v. Bidder's Edge'',<ref>''eBay v. Bidder's Edge'', {{West|SUPP|100|2|1058|N.D.Cal.|2000|}}</ref> a California court ruled that Bidder's Edge's use of a [[web crawler]] to cull auction information from eBay's website constituted trespass to chattel and further, that a plaintiff in such a suit need not prove that the interference was substantial.<ref>''Bidder's Edge'', at 1070</ref> A number of similar cases followed until, in ''[[Intel Corp. v. Hamidi|Intel v. Hamidi]]'',<ref>''Intel v. Hamidi'', {{West|P|71|3|296|Cal.|2003|}}</ref> the [[Supreme Court of California]] held that a plaintiff must demonstrate either actual interference with the physical functionality of the computer system or the likelihood that such interference would occur in the future. The ''Hamidi'' decision quickly found acceptance at both the federal and state level.

To date, no United States court has identified property rights in items acquired in virtual worlds; heretofore, virtual world providers have relied on [[end-user license agreement]]s to govern user behavior.<ref>Ledgerwood, p. 813</ref> Nevertheless, as virtual worlds grow, incidents of property interference, a form of "[[griefing]]", may make trespass to chattel an attractive remedy for deleted, stolen, or corrupted virtual property.<ref name="Ledge848"/>

==Trespass to land==
{{Main|Trespass to land}}
[[File:Posted - No Trespassing sign, US.jpg|thumbnail|right|Posted sign in the United States, prohibiting any form of trespass be it for hunting, fishing, trapping or any other purpose]]
[[File:No trespassing by Djuradj Vujcic.jpg|thumbnail|right|No trespassing lawn signs are common in many countries.]]
Trespass to land involves the "wrongful interference with one's possessory rights in [real] property".<ref name="Roberts301" /> It is not necessary to prove that harm was suffered to bring a claim, and is instead actionable ''per se''. While most trespasses to land are intentional, British courts have held liability holds for trespass committed negligently.<ref>''League Against Cruel Sports v Scott'' {{Oscola|PROP|1985|2|All ER|489||}}</ref> Similarly, some American courts will find liability for unintentional intrusions only where such intrusions arise under circumstances evincing negligence or involve a highly dangerous activity.<ref name="LoeLenhard" /> Exceptions exist for entering land adjoining a road unintentionally (such as in a car accident), as in ''[[River Wear Commissioners v Adamson]]''.<ref>''River Wear Commissioners v Adamson'' {{Oscola|PROPN|1877|2|App Cas|743||}}</ref> In some jurisdictions, trespass while in possession of a firearm, which may include a low-power air weapon without ammunition, constitutes a more grave crime of armed trespass.<ref>[http://www.marplerifleandpistolclub.org.uk/general/gunlaw.htm#Shotgun_Certificates_%28SGC%29 "Gun Law in the UK"]. Marple Rifle & Pistol Club</ref>

===Subsoil and airspace===
Aside from the surface, land includes the [[subsoil]], airspace and anything permanently attached to the land, such as houses, and other infrastructure, this is literally explained by the legal maxim [[quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit]].

====Subsoil====
William Blackstone's ''[[Commentaries on the Laws of England]]'' articulated the common law principle {{lang|la|[[cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos]]}}, translating from Latin as "for whoever owns the soil, it is theirs up to Heaven and down to Hell".<ref>Sprankling, pp. 282–83</ref> In modern times, courts have limited the right of absolute dominion over the subsurface. For instance, drilling a directional well that bottoms out beneath another's property to access oil and gas reserves is trespass,<ref>Anderson, p. 254</ref> but a subsurface invasion by [[hydraulic fracturing]] is not.<ref>Anderson, p. 258</ref> Where [[mineral rights]] are severed from surface ownership, it is trespass to use another's surface to assist in mining the minerals beneath that individual's property,<ref>Anderson, p. 264</ref> but, where an emergency responder accesses the subsurface following a blowout and fire, no trespass lies.<ref>Anderson, p. 268</ref> Even the possible subsurface migration of toxic waste stored underground is not trespass,<ref>Anderson, p. 269</ref> except where the plaintiff can demonstrate that the actions "actually interfere with the [owner's] reasonable and foreseeable use of the subsurface",<ref>Anderson, p. 271</ref> or, in some jurisdictions, that the subsurface trespasser knows with "substantial certainty" that the toxic liquids will migrate to the neighboring land.<ref>Anderson, p. 272</ref>

====Airspace====
[[File:737 800 american airlines from levi april 16 2009.jpg|thumbnail|left|[[William O. Douglas]] stated: "the flight of airplanes, which skim the surface but do not touch it, is as much an appropriation of the use of the land as a more conventional entry upon it."]]
Domain of landowners over their airspace is limited to the lower atmosphere.

In the United States, ''[[United States v. Causby]]'' (1946) limited landowner domain to the space below {{convert|365|ft}},<ref>''United States v. Causby et ux.'', {{ussc|source=f|328|256|1946|pin=260}}</ref> Justice [[William O. Douglas]] reasoned that, should it find in the landowners' favor and accept the "ancient doctrine that at common law ownership of land {{nowrap|extend[s]}} to the periphery of the universe—{{lang|la|Cujus est solum ejus est usque ad coelum}}", "every transcontinental flight would subject the operator to countless trespass suits". Citizens have a right to fly in the "navigable airspace".<ref>{{usc|49|40103}}</ref>

Thirty-one years later, in ''[[Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews & General Ltd]]'',<ref>''Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews & General Ltd'' {{Oscola|NEUT|1977|ew||1|EWHC|}} (QB)</ref> an [[Courts of England and Wales|English court]] reached a similar conclusion, finding an action for trespass failed because the violation of airspace took place several hundred meters above the land: "If the Latin maxim were applied literally it would lead to the absurdity of trespass being committed every time a satellite passed over a suburban garden."<ref>''Berstein'', at [4]</ref>

===Interference===
The main element of the tort is "interference". This must be both direct and physical, with indirect interference instead being covered by [[negligence]] or [[nuisance]].<ref>Smith, p. 513</ref> "Interference" covers any physical entry to land, as well as the abuse of a right of entry, when a person who has the right to enter the land does something not covered by the permission. If the person has the right to enter the land but remains after this right expires, this is also trespass. It is also a trespass to throw anything on the land.<ref>Elliott, p. 321</ref> For the purposes of trespass, the person who owns the land on which a road rests is treated as the owner; it is not, however, a trespass to use that road if the road is constructed with a public use [[easement]], or if, by owner acquiescence or through [[adverse possession]], the road has undergone a common law dedication to the public.<ref>''Gion v. City of Santa Cruz'', 2 Cal.3d 29, 38</ref> In ''[[Hickman v Maisey]]''<ref>''Hickman v Maisey'' [1900] 1 QB 752</ref> and ''[[Adams v. Rivers]]'',<ref>''Adams v. Rivers'', 11 Barb. (N.Y.) 390 (1851)</ref> the courts established that any use of a road that went beyond using it for its normal purpose could constitute a trespass: "{{nowrap|[a]lthough}} a land owner's property rights may be {{nowrap|[s]ubject}} to the right of mere passage, the owner of the soil is still absolute master."<ref name="Berns510">''Berns v. Doan'', {{West|A|961|2|506|Del.|2008|510}} (internal quotes omitted)</ref>
British courts have broadened the rights encompassed by public easements in recent years. In ''[[DPP v Jones]]'',<ref>''DPP v Jones'' [1999] 2 AC 240</ref> the court ruled that "the public highway is a public place which the public may enjoy for any reasonable purpose, providing that the activity in question does not amount to a public or private nuisance and does not obstruct the highway by reasonably impeding the primary right of the public to pass and repass; within these qualifications there is a public right of peaceful assembly on the highway."<ref>Elliott, p. 322</ref> The principles established in ''Adams'' remain valid in American law.<ref name="Berns510"/><ref>''City of Los Angeles v. Pacific Electric Railway Company'', Cal.App.2d 224, 229</ref>

===Defenses===
There are several defenses to trespass to land; license, justification by law, necessity and {{lang|la|[[jus tertii]]}}. License is express or implied permission, given by the possessor of land, to be on that land. These licenses are generally revocable unless there is contractual agreement preventing them being revoked. Once revoked, a license-holder becomes a trespasser if they remain on the land. Justification by law refers to those situations in which there is statutory authority permitting a person to go onto land, such as the England and Wales' [[Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984]], which allows the police to enter land for the purposes of carrying out an arrest, or the California state constitution, which permits protests on grocery stores and strip malls, despite their presenting a general nuisance to store owners and patrons.<ref>''Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins'', {{ussc|447|74|1980}}</ref> {{lang|la|Jus tertii}} is where the defendant can prove that the land is not possessed by the plaintiff, but by a third party, as in ''[[Doe d Carter v Barnard]]''.<ref>''Doe d Carter v Barnard'' [1849] 13 QB 945. "Doe d Carter" abbreviates "Doe, on the demise of Carter".</ref> This defense is unavailable if the plaintiff is a tenant and the defendant a landlord who had no right to give the plaintiff his lease (e.g., an illegal apartment rental, an unauthorized sublet, etc.).<ref>Elliott, p. 324</ref> Necessity is the situation in which it is vital to commit the trespass; in ''[[Esso Petroleum Co v Southport Corporation]]'',<ref>''Esso Petroleum Co v Southport Corporation'' [1956] AC 28</ref> the captain of a ship committed trespass by allowing oil to flood a shoreline. This was necessary to protect his ship and crew, however, and the defense of necessity was accepted.<ref>Elliott, p. 325</ref> Necessity does not, however, permit a defendant to enter another's property when alternative, though less attractive, courses of action exist.<ref>''Berns'', at 505</ref>

==See also==
*[[Appropriation (economics)]]
*[[Trespass on the case]]
*[[Trespass in English law]]
*[[Castle doctrine]]
*[[Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000]] (UK)
*[[Forced entry]]
*[[Freedom to roam]]
*[[Easement]]
*[[Structural encroachment]]
*[[Rights of way in England and Wales]]
*[[Rights of way in Scotland]]
*[[Property is theft!]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==

===Books===
*{{cite book|last=Elliott|first=Catherine|author2=Francis Quinn|title=Tort Law|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=2007|edition=6th|isbn=978-1-4058-4672-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/tortlaw0000elli}}
*{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Kenneth|author2=Denis J. Keenan |title=English Law|publisher=Pearson Education Ltd|year=2004|edition=14th|isbn=0-582-82291-2}}

===Periodicals===
*{{cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Owen L.|title=Subsurface "Trespass": A Man's Subsurface is Not His Castle|journal=Washburn L.J.|volume=49|year=2010}}
*{{cite journal|last=Ledgerwood|first=Garrett|title=Virtually Liable|journal=Wash. & Lee L. Rev.|volume=66|year=2009}}
*{{cite journal|last=Trinidade|first=F.A.|title=Intentional Torts: Some Thoughts Assault and Battery|journal=Oxford J. Legal Stud.|volume=2|issue=2|year=1982}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Crimes]]
[[Category:Tort law]]
[[Category:Real property law]]
[[Category:Property crimes]]

Stingray (disambiguation)

2024-12-08T11:37:50Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Wiktionary|stingray}}

A '''[[stingray]]''' is a type of cartilaginous fish.

'''Stingray''' or '''Sting Ray''' may also refer to:

{{TOC right}}

== Arts and entertainment ==

=== Film and television ===

* [[Stingray (1964 TV series)|''Stingray'' (1964 TV series)]], a British children's series
** [[Stingray (Stingray episode)|"Stingray" (''Stingray'' episode)]], the first episode of the above series
* [[Stingray (1985 TV series)|''Stingray'' (1985 TV series)]], an American drama
* [[Stingray (film)|''Stingray'' (film)]], a 1978 action comedy film directed by Richard Taylor
* [[Stingray Timmins]], a character on the Australian soap opera ''Neighbours''
* Lord Stingray, a fictional character on the American animated TV series ''[[Superjail!]]''
* Stingray, the main antagonist from Godfrey Ho's 1993 martial arts film ''[[Undefeatable]]''
* [[Stingray (DC Extended Universe)]], a fictional character in the 2023 American superhero film ''[[Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom]]''

=== Music ===

* [[Music Man StingRay]], an electric bass guitar
* [[Stingray (album)|''Stingray'' (album)]], by rock singer Joe Cocker
* [[Stingray Music]], a Canadian digital television audio service
* "Stingray", a 1965 instrumental single by [[The Tornados]]
* "Stingray", A song by instrumental rock band [[The Shadows]]
* [[Stingray (band)]], a South African rock band, active around 1980
* [[The Sting-rays]], a British (Greater London) psychobilly band, active 1980s
* [[The Stingrays (Bristol band)]], a British new wave musical group, active 1977-present
* [[King Stingray]], an Australian band, active in 2020s

=== Other uses in arts and entertainment ===

* [[Stingray (comics)]], a Marvel Comics character
* [[Stingray Group]], a media and entertainment company
* [[Stingray (ride)]], an amusement park attraction
* Autodesk Stingray, a video game engine owned by Autodesk - formerly called [[Bitsquid]]

== People ==
*[[Joanna Stingray]] (born 1960), American singer and actress
* [[Sting Ray Robb]] (born 2001), American auto racing driver

== Sports teams ==

* [[Dandenong Stingrays]], an Australian rules football team that plays in an under 18s league in Victoria
* [[Florida Stingrays]], a team of the American Indoor Football Association
* [[Gold Coast Stingrays]], an Australian Gridiron football club of the Gridiron Queensland League
* [[Hull Stingrays]], an ice hockey club from Kingston upon Hull, England
* [[Long Beach Stingrays]], a defunct professional women's basketball team of the American Basketball League
* [[Rhode Island Stingrays]], a defunct American soccer team of the USL Premier Development League
* [[San Diego Stingrays]], a defunct semi-professional basketball team that was a member of the International Basketball League
* [[South Carolina Stingrays]], an ECHL professional minor-league hockey team

== Vehicles ==

=== Cars ===

* [[Chevrolet Corvette (C2)]], produced between 1963 and 1967
* [[Chevrolet Corvette (C3)]], produced between 1968 and 1982
* [[Chevrolet Corvette (C7)]], produced between 2014 and 2019
* [[Chevrolet Corvette (C8)]], beginning with model year 2020
* [[Corvette Stingray (concept car)]], designed in 1957
* Suzuki Wagon R Stingray, variant of the [[Suzuki Wagon R]]

=== Other vehicles ===

* Dyke Stingray, a variant of the [[Dyke Delta]] home-built aircraft
* MH-68A Stingray, a variant of the [[AgustaWestland AW109]] helicopter, used by the US Coast Guard
* [[Progressive Aerodyne Stingray]], an American flying boat design
* Sting-Ray, a bicycle made by [[Schwinn Bicycle Company]]
* [[Stingray light tank]], an armored vehicle
* [[USS Stingray|USS ''Stingray'']], two real submarines and two fictional ones
* [[Boeing MQ-25 Stingray]], an aerial refuelling drone in development for the US Navy

== Other uses ==

* Sting Ray Harbour, original name given to [[Botany Bay]], Australia by James Cook
* [[Sting Ray torpedo]], a naval weapon
* [[Stingray Nebula]], a planetary nebula in the southern constellation Ara
* [[Stingray phone tracker]], a cellular phone surveillance device manufactured by Harris Corporation
* Stingray, a boat-trapping net made by [[Foster-Miller]]

== See also ==

* {{Intitle|Stingray}}
* [[Indigenous music of Australia#Contemporary trends|King Stingray]], contemporary Aboriginal Australian band

{{Disambiguation}}

Celice (song)

2024-11-30T14:42:18Z

80.192.231.72:

{{more citations needed|date=May 2009}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Celice
| cover = Cover-celice-big.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[A-ha]]
| album = [[Analogue (album)|Analogue]]
| released = 4 October 2005
| recorded = 2005
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[New wave music|New wave]], [[alternative rock]]
| length = 3:28
| label = [[Polydor]]
| writer = [[Magne Furuholmen]] & [[Martin Terefe]]
| producer = [[Martin Terefe]]
| prev_title = [[The Sun Always Shines on T.V.]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = Birthright
| next_year = 2005
}}

"'''Celice'''" is a song by [[Norway|Norwegian]] band [[A-ha]]. Written by [[Magne Furuholmen]] and [[Martin Terefe]], it was released as the first single from the album, ''[[Analogue (album)|Analogue]]'', throughout Europe. It was released on 7 October 2005 in Germany and Norway, and 24 October in Sweden. It was not released in the UK. It reached worldwide sales of over 300,000 units. For a while the song was under consideration to be included on the [[The Da Vinci Code (soundtrack)|Da Vinci Code]] movie soundtrack.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://a-ha.com/discography/videos/|title=The Official Website of A-ha Celice 2005|access-date=2011-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409035652/http://a-ha.com/discography/videos/|archive-date=2011-04-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was their ninth and recent number-one hit on the Norway charts.

==Track listing==
# "Celice" (Radio Cut)
# "Celice" (Live at [[Frogner Park|Frognerparken]])
# "Celice" ([[Paul van Dyk]]'s Radio Edit)
# "The Summers of Our Youth"
# "Celice" (music video)

===The Remixes===
# "Celice" Radio Cut (3:28)
# "Celice" Thomas Schumacher Remix (7:53)
# "Celice" Boris Dlugosch Remix (6:38)
# "Celice" [[Paul van Dyk]]'s Extended Mix (5:42)
# "Celice" [[Paul van Dyk]]'s Vocalized Clubmix (8:07).

==Music video==
The video for the song was directed by Jörn Heitmann, famous for directing the videos of [[Rammstein]], and was filmed in a brothel in Berlin. It was considered controversial by fans and the media due to its strong adult content, featuring topics not as clear in A-ha videos before; sex, drugs, suicide, prostitution, and alcohol had never been so prominently featured in the band's videos, although sadomasochism had been noted in the previous release, "Move to Memphis". Heat sensors are used to show some of the more graphic images from the video.

One Norwegian newspaper held the headline, "Raw sex in A-ha video" after the video was officially released on September 24, 2005.

Magne: "The video is about people who have lost their direction in the hunt for meaning - and loneliness as a result of lost innocence."

==Charts==
===Weekly charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Weekly chart performance for "Celice"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2005)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
{{single chart|Austria|41|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|-
{{single chart|Flanders Tip|9|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|-
{{single chart|Wallonia Tip|6|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|-
{{single chart|Finland|15|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|-
{{single chart|Germany|21|songid=139171|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|-
{{single chart|Italy|36|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|-
{{single chart|Norway|1|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|-
{{single chart|Switzerland|38|artist=a-ha|song=Celice|rowheader=true|access-date=17 June 2021}}
|}

===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Year-end chart performance for "Celice"
! scope="col"| Chart (2005)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2005|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2005|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421190640/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2005|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 110
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{A-ha}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Celice (Song)}}
[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:A-ha songs]]
[[Category:Number-one singles in Norway]]
[[Category:Songs written by Magne Furuholmen]]
[[Category:Songs written by Martin Terefe]]
[[Category:Polydor Records singles]]
[[Category:2005 songs]]

A Chieftains Celebration

2024-11-30T14:09:43Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox album
| name = A Chieftains Celebration
| type = album
| artist = [[The Chieftains]]
| cover = A Chieftains Celebration.jpg
| alt =
| released = 1989
| recorded = May–June 1988
| venue =
| studio = [[Windmill Lane Studios|Windmill Lane]], Dublin, Ireland
| genre = [[Irish folk music]]
| length = 46:42
| label = [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]
| producer = [[Paddy Moloney]]
| prev_title = The Tailor of Gloucester
| prev_year = 1988
| next_title = Over the Sea To Skye: The Celtic Connection
| next_year = 1990
}}
{{Album ratings
|rev1 = [[Allmusic]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|3.5|5}}<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r102907/review|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic review]</ref>
}}

'''''A Chieftains Celebration''''' is an album by the [[Ireland|Irish]] [[folk music]] group, [[The Chieftains]]. The title derives from the "celebration" of the millennium of the city of [[Dublin, Ireland]].<ref name=JG>{{cite book | last = Glatt| first = John| title = The Chieftains: the Authorized Biography| publisher = Da Capo| year =1997 | location =New York | pages =[https://archive.org/details/chieftainsauthor0000glat/page/226 226]–230 | isbn =978-0-306-80922-4 |url= https://archive.org/details/chieftainsauthor0000glat| url-access = registration| quote = the chieftains a celebration.|accessdate=2011-03-02 }}</ref>

"The Wexford Carol", featuring [[Nanci Griffith]], also appeared on their 1991 album ''[[The Bells of Dublin]]''.

== Track listing ==
# "Coolin Medley" – 4:56
# "O'Mahoney's Frolics" – 3:02
# "Galicia" – 4:38
# "[[Here's a Health|Here's a Health to the Company]]" – 3:01
# "Planxty Brown/The William Davis's/Lady Wrixon" – 4:46
# "Boffyflow and Spike" – 2:52
# "The Strayaway Child" – 4:55
# "The Iron Man" – 3:40
# "The Wexford Carol" – 3:23
# "Gaftaí Baile Buí" – 4:13
# "Millennium Celtic Suite" – 7:16 - recorded live at [[Gaiety Theatre, Dublin]] in July 1988

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{The Chieftains}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chieftains Celebration, A}}
[[Category:1989 albums]]
[[Category:The Chieftains albums]]

{{1980s-folk-album-stub}}

Confusion (Electric Light Orchestra song)

2024-11-25T00:48:13Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Confusion
| cover = Last train to london.jpg
| alt =
| caption = UK single
| type = single
| artist = [[Electric Light Orchestra]]
| album = [[Discovery (Electric Light Orchestra album)|Discovery]]
| A-side = "[[Last Train to London]]" (UK)
| B-side = "Poker" (US)
| released = 8 October 1979 (US)
| recorded = 1979
| studio = [[Musicland Studios]], [[Munich]]
| venue =
| genre = [[Pop rock]]
| length = 3:42
| label = [[Jet Records|Jet]]
| writer = [[Jeff Lynne]]
| producer = Jeff Lynne
| prev_title = [[Don't Bring Me Down]]
| prev_year = 1979
| next_title = [[Last Train to London]]
| next_year = 1979
| misc = {{Extra track listing
| album = [[Discovery (Electric Light Orchestra album)|Discovery]]
| type = single
| tracks = {{Discovery tracks}}
}}
{{External music video|{{YouTube|1jUvhJ_Tgzw|"Confusion"}}
}}
}}
"'''Confusion'''" is the second song from the 1979 [[Electric Light Orchestra]] (ELO) album ''[[Discovery (Electric Light Orchestra album)|Discovery]]''. It features [[12 string guitar|12-string acoustic guitar]] and [[vocoder]].

It was released in the UK as a [[A-side and B-side|double A-side]] single with "[[Last Train to London]]". It peaked at number 8 in the [[UK Singles Chart]], making it the fourth consecutive top 10 single to be taken from the [[Discovery (Electric Light Orchestra album)|Discovery]] album.<ref name=OCC/> In the [[United States]] the song was released as a single with "Poker" on the B-side becoming a more modest hit, reaching number 37 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref name=AM>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/electric-light-orchestra-mn0000163229/awards |title=Electric Light Orchestra - Awards |publisher=AllMusic |date= |accessdate=5 March 2013}}</ref>

''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' rated "Confusion" as "a superbly crafted single," describing it as "a mid-tempo rock track that mixes a [[Beatles]]que sound with a hint of [[disco]]."<ref>{{cite news|title=Top Single Picks|date=13 October 1979|accessdate=2020-07-07|newspaper=Billboard Magazine|page=85|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1979/Billboard%201979-10-13.pdf}}</ref> ''[[Cash Box]]'' called it a "bubbly Lynne concoction, mixing glossy pop melody with alternately grandiose and circus-like keyboard fills" and praised the song's [[hook (music)|hook]] and craftsmanship."<ref name=cb>{{cite news|title=CashBox Singles Reviews|date=October 13, 1979|page=22|newspaper=Cash Box|accessdate=2022-01-01|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1979/CB-1979-10-13.pdf}}</ref> ''[[Record World]]'' called it a "mellifluous, pop disc with the everpresent falsetto vocals & keyboard gymnastics."<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Record World|date=October 13, 1979|accessdate=2023-02-11|title=Hits of the Week|page=1|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Record-World/70s/79/Record-World-1979-10-13.pdf}}</ref>

{{cquote|I'd just got hold of the very latest synthesizer, the [[Yamaha CS-80]]. The song is based entirely on the sound it made.|||''Discovery'' remaster (2001)|Jeff Lynne}}

==Charts==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Chart (1979–80)
! Peak position
|-
| Austrian ''[[Ö3 Austria Top 40]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Electric+Light+Orchestra&titel=Confusion&cat=s |title=Electric Light Orchestra - Confusion - austriancharts.at |accessdate=22 March 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"| 5
|-
| Canadian [[RPM (magazine)|''RPM'']] Top Singles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/028020/f2/nlc008388.6897a.pdf| title=RPM Top 100 Singles - December 8, 1979}}</ref>
|align="center"| 20
|-
| German ''[[Media Control]]'' Singles Chart<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-6540 |title=charts.de - Electric Light Orchestra |publisher=charts.de |date= |accessdate=22 April 2013}}</ref>
|align="center"| 6
|-
| [[Irish Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |title=The Irish Charts - All there is to know |publisher=Irishcharts.ie |accessdate=6 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602061251/http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |archivedate=2 June 2009 |df=dmy }} ''Enter'' Electric Light Orchestra ''in the'' Search by Artist ''field, then click'' Search.</ref>
|align="center"| 9
|-
|[[Official New Zealand Music Chart|New Zealand]] ([[RIANZ]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/singles/1979-12-21|title=The Official New Zealand Music Chart}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|19
|-
| South African Singles Chart<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rock.co.za/files/springbok_top_20_(E).html |title=South African Rock Lists Website - SA Charts 1969 - 1989 Acts (E) |publisher=Rock.co.za |date= |accessdate=29 April 2013}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 10
|-
| [[UK Singles Chart]]<ref name=OCC>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/electric%20light%20orchestra/ | title= Electric Light Orchestra| publisher=Official Charts Company | accessdate=5 March 2013}}</ref>
|align="center"| 8
|-
| US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref name=AM/>
|align="center"| 37
|-
| US ''Billboard'' [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Adult Contemporary]]<ref>{{cite book|first= Joel |last= Whitburn |author-link= Joel Whitburn |year= 1993 |title= Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993 |publisher= Record Research |page=79}}</ref>
|align="center"|41
|-
| US ''[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]]'' Top 100 Singles
|align="center"| 47
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|V0tm6EbhFAg|Electric Light Orchestra - Confusion (Audio)}}

{{Electric Light Orchestra singles}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1979 songs]]
[[Category:Electric Light Orchestra songs]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Jeff Lynne]]
[[Category:Songs written by Jeff Lynne]]
[[Category:Jet Records singles]]
[[Category:1979 singles]]

{{1970s-rock-song-stub}}

N.I.B.

2024-10-20T15:50:24Z

80.192.231.72:

{{short description|Song by Black Sabbath}}
{{Other uses|NIB (disambiguation){{!}}NIB}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox song
| name = N.I.B.
| artist = [[Black Sabbath]]
| album = [[Black Sabbath (album)|Black Sabbath]]
| released = {{Start date|1970|2|13|df=yes}}
| recorded =
| genre = [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/black-sabbath-mn0000771438/biography|title=Black Sabbath {{!}} Biography & History|last=Monger|first=James Christopher|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=11 August 2019|quote=Flush with eventual [heavy metal] genre classics like 'The Wizard,' 'N.I.B.,' and the aforementioned title cut, Black Sabbath was initially dismissed by critics}}</ref>
| length = {{Duration|m=6|s=07}}
| label = [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
| writer =
*[[Geezer Butler]]
*[[Tony Iommi]]
*[[Ozzy Osbourne]]
*[[Bill Ward (musician)|Bill Ward]]
| producer = [[Rodger Bain]]
| misc =
{{Audio sample
| type = song
| file = Black Sabbath N.I.B.ogg
}}
}}

"'''N.I.B.'''" is a song released by English [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Black Sabbath]]. It first appeared as the fourth track on the band's [[Black Sabbath (album)|self-titled debut album]]. The lyrics are in the first person from the point of view of [[Lucifer]]. Bassist [[Geezer Butler]], who composed the song's lyrics, has said that "the song was about the devil falling in love and totally changing, becoming a good person."<ref>Quote from the 1992 documentary ''The Black Sabbath Story: Volume One''.</ref>

==Title==
The song's title has long been a source of speculation, with some fans over the years interpreting the title as meaning "Nativity in Black" or "Name in Blood". In the early 1990s, Geezer Butler claimed that the title was a reference to drummer [[Bill Ward (musician)|Bill Ward]]'s beard at that time, which his bandmates felt looked like a [[Nib (pen)|pen nib]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.black-sabbath.com/faq/faq11.htm#faq11040 |title=FAQ version 2.0 |publisher=Black Sabbath |access-date=2014-05-19}}</ref> According to Butler, "Originally (the title) was ''Nib'', which was Bill's beard. When I wrote N.I.B., I couldn't think of a title for the song, so I just called it Nib, after Bill's beard. To make it more intriguing I put punctuation marks in there to make it N.I.B. By the time it got to America, [[backronym|they translated it to]] 'Nativity in Black'."

Though "Nativity in Black" is a disputed title, it was later used for a pair of [[Nativity in Black|Black Sabbath tribute albums]] released in 1994 and 2000 respectively.

==Cover versions and other uses==
[[Ugly Kid Joe]] recorded their cover of "N.I.B." for the ''[[Nativity in Black]]'' tribute album, followed by [[Ozzy Osbourne]] and [[Primus (band)|Primus]] on ''[[Nativity in Black II]]''; the latter cover peaked at No. 2 on [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]'s [[Mainstream Rock (chart)|Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks]] chart in October 2000.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Primus Chart History |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/primus/chart-history/rtt/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> This version also appears in Osbourne's 2005 boxed set ''[[Prince of Darkness (Ozzy Osbourne album)|Prince of Darkness]]''. [[Storm Large]] also covered it for her 2014 album ''[[Le Bonheur (Storm Large album)|Le Bonheur]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Black Sabbath}}
{{Primus singles}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Black Sabbath songs]]
[[Category:1970 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Ozzy Osbourne]]
[[Category:Songs written by Tony Iommi]]
[[Category:Songs written by Geezer Butler]]
[[Category:Songs written by Bill Ward (musician)]]

Taking It All Too Hard

2024-10-20T15:46:05Z

80.192.231.72:

{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Taking It All Too Hard
| cover = Taking_It_All_Too_Hard.jpg
| alt =
| border = yes
| type = single
| artist = [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]]
| album = [[Genesis (Genesis album)|Genesis]]
| B-side = Silver Rainbow
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|1984|6}}
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 3:56
| label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
| writer = [[Tony Banks (musician)|Tony Banks]], [[Phil Collins]], [[Mike Rutherford]]
| producer = [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]], [[Hugh Padgham]]
| prev_title = [[Illegal Alien (song)|Illegal Alien]]
| prev_year = 1984
| next_title = [[Invisible Touch (song)|Invisible Touch]]
| next_year = 1986
| misc =
}}

"'''Taking It All Too Hard'''" is the sixth track from the [[Genesis (Genesis album)|self-titled album]] by [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]], released in 1983. It included the eighth track from the album, "Silver Rainbow," as the [[B-side]].

==Background==
No [[music video]] was made for this single, and the song has never been performed live by the band.<ref>[http://www.bluesnaggletooth12.com/list-obj.html#neverlive The Pet Shop]</ref> Tony Banks' played a [[Yamaha CP-70]] electric piano on the track.

==Reception==
''[[Cash Box]]'' said that "Collins' versatile vocals help make this song another potential mega-hit."<ref name=cb>{{cite magazine|title=Reviews|magazine=Cash Box|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1984/CB-1984-06-09.pdf|date=June 9, 1984|accessdate=2022-07-23|page=7}}</ref>

== Personnel ==
* [[Phil Collins]] – drums, percussion, vocals
* [[Tony Banks (musician)|Tony Banks]] – keyboards
* [[Mike Rutherford]] – guitars, bass

==Chart performance==
The single was only released in the US in the summer of 1984; it peaked at {{thinspace|No.|11}} on the [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|''Billboard'' Adult Contemporary Chart]]<ref>[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=genesis|chart=all}} "Taking It All Too Hard" Billboard chart history], Billboard.com. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> and received significant airplay, but stalled at {{thinspace|No.|50}} on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite book |title= Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles, 14th Edition: 1955-2012 |last=Whitburn |first=Joel |authorlink=Joel Whitburn |year=2013 |publisher=Record Research |page=334}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Genesis}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1983 songs]]
[[Category:1984 singles]]
[[Category:1980s ballads]]
[[Category:Atlantic Records singles]]
[[Category:Genesis (band) songs]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Hugh Padgham]]
[[Category:Songs written by Tony Banks (musician)]]
[[Category:Songs written by Phil Collins]]
[[Category:Songs written by Mike Rutherford]]

{{1980s-single-stub}}

In the Mood (Rush song)

2024-10-20T15:42:53Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Infobox song
| name = In the Mood
| cover =
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Rush (band)|Rush]]
| album = [[Rush (Rush album)|Rush]]
| B-side = What You're Doing
| released = December 1974 (US)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Rush&titel=In+The+Mood&cat=s|title=Rush singles}}</ref>
| format =
| recorded = 1973
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = {{hlist|[[Hard rock]]|[[blues rock]]}}
| length = 3:37
| label = *[[Moon Records (Canada)|Moon]]
*[[Anthem Records|Anthem]]/[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
| writer = [[Geddy Lee]]
| producer = Rush
| prev_title = Finding My Way
| prev_year = 1974
| next_title = [[Fly by Night (Rush song)|Fly by Night]]
| next_year = 1975
}}
"'''In the Mood'''" is a song by the Canadian [[rock music|rock]] band [[Rush (band)|Rush]] from their 1974 [[Rush (Rush album)|self-titled debut album]]. It was at least two years old when recorded for the album.

==Composition==
"In the Mood" is three minutes and 34 seconds long. The song was composed in the key of A major and is in 4/4 time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtd.asp?ppn=MN0061710|title = In the Mood|website = Musicnotes|date = 7 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://findsongtempo.com/artists/rush/songs/in-the-mood-a77f6c8f-28ab-4b8d-917d-b9bc84580bdb | title=In the Mood by Rush | BPM | Key | Find Song Tempo }}</ref> It is the only song on the album written entirely by [[Geddy Lee]] (the music on all other songs is co-written by guitarist [[Alex Lifeson]]).

Lee said that this was the first song he wrote with Lifeson that they "kind of liked".<ref>{{Cite web|title=ShieldSquare Captcha|url=https://www.songfacts.com/facts/rush/in-the-mood|access-date=2021-11-01|website=www.songfacts.com}}</ref>

Lifeson said It "was probably at least two years old, if not three, when we recorded the first album". He also said: "Ged came in and said, 'I've got a good idea for a song' and played it from beginning to end".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rushvault.com/2011/01/30/in-the-mood|title = In the Mood|date = 30 January 2011}}</ref>
 

The [[St. Louis]] [[classic rock]] radio station [[KSHE]] used to play the song every Friday night at 7:45 because of the song lyrics mentioning "a quarter to eight".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.classicrockreview.com/2014/08/1974-rush|title = Rush 1974 debut album | Classic Rock Review|date = 3 August 2014}}</ref>

==Reception==
"In the Mood" was released as a single, reaching No. 31 in Canada <ref name="worldradiohistory.com">{{Cite web|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/RPM.htm|title = RPM: Canadian Music Weekly 1964 to 2000}}</ref> ''[[Cash Box]]'' said that "the [[Led Zep]] sound alikes are in strong form with a more innovative ditty than their last disk" and praised the vocals and backing instrumentation.<ref name=cb>{{cite news|title=CashBox Record Reviews|date=December 14, 1974|page=18|access-date=2021-12-11|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-12-14.pdf|newspaper=Cash Box}}</ref>

''[[Record World]]'' said that a live [[Medley (music)|medley]] with "[[Fly by Night (Rush song)|Fly by Night]]" "puts the emphasis on fuzz toned guitar and histrionic vocals."<ref name=rw>{{cite magazine|magazine=Record World|date=December 4, 1976|page=14|access-date=2023-03-03|title=Single Picks|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Record-World/70s/76/Record-World-1976-12-04.pdf}}</ref>

''[[Ultimate Classic Rock]]'' thought that it was the worst Rush song released and Greg Prato of [[AllMusic]] referred to the song as "predictable".<ref name="ultimateclassicrock">{{cite web|url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/every-rush-song|website=ultimateclassicrock.com|title=This Website Uses Cookies |date=27 June 2018 |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/rush-mw0000650731 |title=Rush - Rush |last=Prato |first=Greg |work=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]] |access-date=June 17, 2011}}</ref>

==Covers==
The song was covered by Canadian band [[Sloan (band)|Sloan]] for the 2002 movie [[FUBAR (film)|FUBAR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=FUBAR: The Album – Various Artists {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/fubar-the-album-mw0001257513|website=AllMusic|access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>
 

==Personnel==
*[[Geddy Lee]] – bass, lead vocals
*[[Alex Lifeson]] – guitar
*[[John Rutsey]] – drums

==Charts==
Charted version is a medley of "[[Fly by Night (Rush song)|Fly by Night]]" and "In the Mood" from 1976's live album, ''[[All the World's a Stage (album)|All the World's a Stage]]''.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Chart
!Peak position
|-
|US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Rush – Chart history {{!}} Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/369299/rush/chart|website=www.billboard.com}}</ref>
|align="center"|88
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Rush songs]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
 
{{Rush}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rush (band) songs]]
[[Category:1974 singles]]
[[Category:1974 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Geddy Lee]]

Stay Beautiful (Manic Street Preachers song)

2024-10-13T16:59:15Z

80.192.231.72: /* Release */

{{Short description|Song by Manic Street Preachers}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Stay Beautiful
| cover = Stay_Beautiful.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Manic Street Preachers]]
| album = [[Generation Terrorists]]
| released = {{Start date|1991|7|29|df=y}}
| recorded = Mid 1991
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Punk rock]]<ref name="Burrows" />
|}}
| length =
| label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| writer = [[James Dean Bradfield]], [[Nicky Wire]], [[Sean Moore (musician)|Sean Moore]], [[Richey Edwards]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[You Love Us]]
| prev_year = 1991
| next_title = [[Love's Sweet Exile]]
| next_year = 1991
}}

"'''Stay Beautiful'''" is a song by [[Wales|Welsh]] [[alternative rock]] band [[Manic Street Preachers]], released on 29 July 1991 by record label [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] as the first single from the band's debut album, ''[[Generation Terrorists]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Steve |title=The A to X of Alternative Music |date=27 September 2006 |publisher=A&C Black |page=140 |isbn=978-0-8264-8217-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPOsu8JOHO8C&pg=PA142 |accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref>

== Content ==

The track started out under the working title of "Generation Terrorists" and originally featured the lyrics "Why don't you just fuck off" in the chorus, which was later cut to "Why don't you just... [gap]" in the released version with a guitar fill in the aforementioned gap. It has since become customary for fans to shout the original lyric when the band occasionally perform the song live.<ref>{{cite book |last=Power |first=Martin |title=Nailed to History: The Story of the Manic Street Preachers |date=1 June 2012 |publisher=Music Sales Group |page=100 |isbn=978-0-85712-776-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jYDAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT100 |accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref>

Marc Burrows of ''[[Drowned in Sound]]'' proclaimed "Stay Beautiful" a "straightforward [[Punk rock|punker]]",<ref name="Burrows">{{cite web |url=http://drownedinsound.com/in_depth/4145695-manics-monday--rain-down-alienation-generation-terrorists%E2%80%99-key-tracks |title=Manics Monday: Rain Down Alienation – ''Generation Terrorists''<nowiki>'</nowiki> Key Tracks. / In Depth // Drowned in Sound |last=Burrows |first=Marc |date=5 November 2012 |website=[[Drowned in Sound]] |accessdate=30 December 2014}}</ref> and "the most pure punk record in their arsenal" alongside "Repeat", and that it had "more in common with their earlier indie-label records [...] than it does with its parent album".<ref name="Burrows" />

== Music video ==

The music video for the song features the band performing inside a garishly coloured house being splashed with paint, before the setting is demolished by a clay-mation space octopus at the conclusion; referencing themes and events in [[Alan Moore]]'s ''[[Watchmen]]''.

== Release ==

"Stay Beautiful" was released as a single on 29 July 1991 by record label [[Columbia Records|Columbia]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=New Releases: Singles|magazine=[[Music Week]]|page=19|date=27 July 1991}}</ref> The single was the group's first top 40 hit on the [[UK Singles Chart]], reaching number 40 on 10 August 1991.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Buckley |editor-first=Peter |title=The Rough Guide to Rock |year=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |page=642 |isbn=978-1-84353-105-0 |quote=After signing to the Sony label, "Stay Beautiful" became the Manics' first Top 40 single in July 1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ctjc6UWCm4C&pg=PT642 |accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jovanovic |first=Rob |title=A Version of Reason: The Search for Richey Edwards |date=3 December 2010 |publisher=Orion |page=93 |isbn=978-1-4091-1129-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08Ql0sjmjKsC&pg=PT93 |accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref> It was re-issued six years later but failed to return to the top 40 , reaching number 52 on 13 September 1997.<ref name="UK charts">{{cite web |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/manic%20street%20preachers/ |title=Manic Street Preachers <nowiki>| Artist |</nowiki> Official Charts |website=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]] |accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref>

The [[A-side and B-side|B-sides]] for all formats included "R.P. McMurphy", with the CD and 12-inch versions adding "Soul Contamination". The title of "R.P. McMurphy" is based on the protagonist of Ken Kesey's 1962 novel ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' (which was subsequently [[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|made into a film]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Simon |author-link=Simon Reynolds |title=Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop |date=24 May 2011 |publisher=Soft Skull Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/bringnoise20year0000reyn/page/133 133] |isbn=978-1-59376-460-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/bringnoise20year0000reyn |url-access=registration |accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref>

== Influence ==

The title of "Stay Beautiful" was used by [[Renault]] in a television advertisement for a car in reference to the song.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Longtime music press champion of the band [[Simon Price]] co-created alternative "glam/rock/trash" nightclub Stay Beautiful. Named after the song, it drew heavily on the ethos and attitudes of the band, and during a solo tour to promote his debut album ''[[I Killed The Zeitgeist]]'', bassist Nicky Wire performed there.<ref name="Power">{{cite book |last=Power |first=Martin |title=Manic Street Preachers |date=17 October 2010 |publisher=Omnibus Press}}</ref>

== Track listing ==

; CD version

{{track listing
| headline =
| title1 = Stay Beautiful
| length1 = 3:11
| title2 = R.P. McMurphy
| length2 = 4:05
| title3 = Soul Contamination
| length3 = 2:37
}}

; 12" version
{{track listing
| headline = Side A
| title1 = Stay Beautiful
| length1 = 3:11
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Side B
| title2 = R.P. McMurphy
| length2 = 4:05
| title3 = Soul Contamination
| length3 = 2:37
}}

; 7" version

{{track listing
| headline = Side A
| title1 = Stay Beautiful
| length1 = 3:11
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Side B
| title2 = R.P. McMurphy
| length2 = 4:05
}}

== Charts ==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! style="width:13em;"| Chart (1991)
! Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK Singles]] ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref name="UK charts"/>
| align="center"| 40
|}

== References ==

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Manic Street Preachers}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stay Beautiful (Manic Street Preachers song)}}
[[Category:1991 singles]]
[[Category:Manic Street Preachers songs]]
[[Category:Columbia Records singles]]
[[Category:Songs written by Richey Edwards]]
[[Category:Songs written by James Dean Bradfield]]
[[Category:Songs written by Sean Moore (musician)]]
[[Category:Songs written by Nicky Wire]]

4st 7lb

2024-10-13T16:53:39Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|1994 song by Manic Street Preachers}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox song
| name = 4st 7lb
| cover =
| alt =
| artist = [[Manic Street Preachers]]
| album = [[The Holy Bible (album)|The Holy Bible]]
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|1994|8|29}}
| recorded =
| studio = Sound Space Studios, [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]
| venue =
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Art rock]]<ref name="gpm" />
*[[gothic rock]]<ref>{{cite web
|last = Harris
|first = Cameron Sinclair
|date = 29 January 2021
|title = 11 Underrated Songs: Manic Street Preachers
|url = https://www.gigwise.com/features/3395555/11-underrated-songs-manic-street-preachers
|access-date = 19 May 2021
|website = [[Gigwise]]
|archive-date = 5 March 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210305134514/https://www.gigwise.com/features/3395555/11-underrated-songs-manic-street-preachers
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
|}}
| length = {{Duration|m=5|s=5}}
| label = [[Epic Records|Epic]]
| composer = [[James Dean Bradfield]], [[Sean Moore (musician)|Sean Moore]]
| lyricist = [[Richey Edwards]]
| producer = Manic Street Preachers
}}
"'''4[[stone (unit)|st]] 7[[pound (mass)|lb]]'''" is a song by Welsh alternative rock band, [[Manic Street Preachers]], from the band's third album, ''[[The Holy Bible (album)|The Holy Bible]]''.<ref name="Franklin2005">{{cite book
| last = Dave Franklin
| title = Manic Streets of Perth: An Australian Comedy
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aYhYAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT44
| date = 4 April 2005
| publisher = Baby Ice Dog Press
| pages = 44–
| id = GGKEY:3YSBTPEZ47H
}}</ref>

== Music and lyrics ==
Musically, the song features [[art rock]] riffs and the extensive addition of guitar [[reverberation|reverb]].<ref name="p4k">{{cite web
|url = http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/5074-the-holy-bible/
|title = Manic Street Preachers – The Holy Bible
|publisher = [[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]]
|date = 17 January 2005
|access-date = 2 September 2013
|last = Tangari, Joe
|archive-date = 10 September 2013
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130910002324/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/5074-the-holy-bible/
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="gpm">{{cite web |title=Manic Street Preachers - the Holy Bible - Golden Vault 38 |url=https://www.goldenplec.com/featured/manic-street-preachers-holy-bible-golden-vault-38/ |website=GoldenPlec Magazine |access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> The verse riff in the first half of the song revolves around an arpeggiated [[diminished seventh chord]], and has been compared to that of "[[Eton Rifles]]" by [[The Jam]].<ref name="Consumable">{{cite news
| last1 = Gajarsky
| first1 = Bob
| title = Manic Street Preachers – Interview
| work = Consumable
| date = 27 March 1995
}}</ref> Then, the song slows down and becomes a more atmospheric, [[Minimalist music|minimalist]] base.<ref name="sputnik">{{cite web
| url = https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/1675/Manic-Street-Preachers-The-Holy-Bible/
| title = Manic Street Preachers – The Holy Bible (staff review)
| work = Sputnikmusic
| date = 21 January 2005
| access-date = 2 September 2013
| last = Butler, Nick
}}</ref><ref name="Jovanovic2010">{{cite book
| last = Rob Jovanovic
| title = A Version of Reason: The Search for Richey Edwards
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=08Ql0sjmjKsC&pg=PT147
| date = 3 December 2010
| publisher = Orion
| isbn = 978-1-4091-1129-0
| pages = 147–
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.newstatesman.com/sarah-ditum/2015/01/razors-pain-you-what-dorothy-parker-teaches-us-about-our-addiction-female
| title = Razors pain you: what Dorothy Parker teaches us about our addiction to female suffering
| date = 13 January 2015
| access-date = 6 February 2015
| archive-date = 6 February 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150206143911/http://www.newstatesman.com/sarah-ditum/2015/01/razors-pain-you-what-dorothy-parker-teaches-us-about-our-addiction-female
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="Segalstad2008">{{cite book
| last = Eric Segalstad
| title = The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll
| url = https://archive.org/details/27sgreatestmytho0000sega
| url-access = registration
| year = 2008
| publisher = Samadhi Creations, LLC
| isbn = 978-0-615-18964-2
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/27sgreatestmytho0000sega/page/20 20]–
}}</ref>

Lyrically, the song describes advanced-stage [[Anorexia nervosa|anorexia]];<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web
|url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-holy-bible-mw0000123614
|title = Manic Street Preachers – The Holy Bible
|publisher = [[AllMusic]]
|access-date = 2 September 2013
|last = Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
|author-link = Stephen Thomas Erlewine
|archive-date = 7 September 2015
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150907015426/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-holy-bible-mw0000123614
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.nme.com/reviews/name/7538
| title = Manic Street Preachers : The Holy Bible (Tenth Anniversary Edition)
| work = [[NME]]
| date = 13 December 2004
| access-date = 2 September 2013
| last = Martin, Dan
| archive-date = 2 March 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140302181256/http://www.nme.com/reviews/name/7538
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/feb/04/popandrock.shopping10
| title = Manic Street Preachers, The Holy Bible 10th Anniversary Edition
| work = [[The Guardian]]
| date = 4 February 2005
| access-date = 2 September 2013
| last = Sweeting, Adam
| archive-date = 3 March 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140303100158/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/feb/04/popandrock.shopping10
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/dec/21/manic-street-preachers-roundhouse-observer-review
|title = Manic Street Preachers review – fire and brimstone revisited
|last = Dorian Lynskey
|website = The Guardian
|date = 21 December 2014
|access-date = 6 February 2015
|archive-date = 6 February 2015
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150206154833/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/dec/21/manic-street-preachers-roundhouse-observer-review
|url-status = live
}}</ref> it is about a teenage girl who wants "to be so skinny, that she rots from view".<ref name="stylus">{{cite web
|url = http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/manic-street-preachers/the-holy-bible.htm
|title = Manic Street Preachers – The Holy Bible
|website = [[Stylus Magazine]]
|date = 14 December 2004
|access-date = 2 September 2013
|last = Edwards, Mark
|archive-date = 28 December 2013
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131228211829/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/manic-street-preachers/the-holy-bible.htm
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="pop" /><ref name="Buckley2003">{{cite book
| last = Peter Buckley
| title = The Rough Guide to Rock
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7ctjc6UWCm4C&pg=PT643
| year = 2003
| publisher = Rough Guides
| isbn = 978-1-84353-105-0
| pages = 643–
}}</ref><ref name="Pasini2011">{{cite book
| last = Aurelio Pasini
| title = Brit Rock
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Xiq_Ihts8JIC&pg=PA75
| date = 29 June 2011
| publisher = Giunti Editore
| language = it
| isbn = 978-88-09-76922-9
| pages = 75–
}}</ref> It has been widely interpreted as a reflection of the band's guitarist and lyricist Richey Edwards's own personal struggle with the disease,<ref name="RS">{{cite magazine
| last = Fricke
| first = David
| date = 21 April 2005
| title = Manic Street Preachers: ''The Holy Bible'': 10th Anniversary Edition
| magazine = [[Rolling Stone]]
| publisher = [[Jann Wenner|Wenner Media]]
| url = https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/manicstreetpreachers/albums/album/7237722/review/7239745/the_holy_bible_10th_anniversary_edition
| archive-date = 12 March 2008
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080312163227/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/manicstreetpreachers/albums/album/7237722/review/7239745/the_holy_bible_10th_anniversary_edition
| access-date = 2 September 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/manic-street-preachers/pages/holy_bible.shtml
|title = Manic Street Preachers – Holy Bible
|publisher = [[BBC]]
|date = 20 November 2008
|access-date = 2 September 2013
|last = Pattison, Louis
|archive-date = 5 April 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140405013951/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/manic-street-preachers/pages/holy_bible.shtml
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="Magazine2007">{{cite book
| last = Various Mojo Magazine
| title = The Mojo Collection: 4th Edition
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AVQbF9lTBwgC&pg=PA609
| date = 1 November 2007
| publisher = Canongate Books
| isbn = 978-1-84767-643-6
| pages = 609–
}}</ref><ref name="Whiteley2013">{{cite book
| last = Sheila Whiteley
| title = Too Much Too Young: Popular Music Age and Gender
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eRGOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA150
| date = 18 October 2013
| publisher = Routledge
| isbn = 978-1-136-50229-3
| pages = 150–
}}</ref><ref name="Larkin2006">{{cite book
| last = Colin Larkin
| title = The Encyclopedia of Popular Music: Kollington – Morphine
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cgwKAQAAMAAJ
| year = 2006
| publisher = MUZE
| isbn = 978-0-19-531373-4
| pages = 475–
| access-date = 27 September 2016
| archive-date = 15 December 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191215184650/https://books.google.com/books?id=cgwKAQAAMAAJ
| url-status = live
}}</ref> which was confirmed by the band's bass guitarist and co-lyricist [[Nicky Wire]].<ref name="Testament">{{cite journal
| title = Manics New Testament
| journal = [[Melody Maker]]
| date = 27 August 1994
| page = 4
}}</ref> The spoken intro was sampled from the documentary ''Caraline's Story'', which chronicles the final months of Caraline Neville-Lister, who died of anorexia in 1994 at age 29.

The song was named after 4 [[Stone (unit)|stones]] 7 [[Pound (mass)|pounds]], or {{convert|63|lbs|kg}}, the weight below which death is said to be medically unavoidable for an anorexia sufferer.<ref name="sputnik" />{{sfn|Clarke|1997|p=116}}

== Reception ==
The song received acclaim from [[music critics]]. Nick Butler of Sputnikmusic praised the song, referring it as "quite simply, genius". He also commented that the song "contains one of the best lyrics even written by anyone, replete with the awesome chorus", while describing the song's musical structure in detail.<ref name="sputnik" /> [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] of [[AllMusic]] wrote: "the diary of anorexia '4st 7lb' is one of the most chilling songs in rock & roll".<ref name="allmusic" /> Tim O'Neil of ''[[PopMatters]]'' described the song as "the most specifically evocative track on the album".<ref name="pop">{{cite web
|url = https://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/manicstreetpreachers-holybible2005/
|title = Manic Street Preachers: The Holy Bible -- 10th Anniversary Edition
|website = [[PopMatters]]
|date = 20 May 2005
|access-date = 2 September 2013
|last = O'Neil, Tim
|archive-date = 1 February 2013
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130201025206/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/manicstreetpreachers-holybible2005/
|url-status = live
}}</ref> Mark Edwards of ''[[Stylus Magazine]]'' stated that the song, along with two other tracks, "Mausoleum" and "[[Faster/P.C.P.|Faster]]", "takes your breath away", while commenting that the song is deeply disturbing. He also inferred that "it comes as close to glamourising anorexia as you can get".<ref name="stylus" />

== Personnel ==
'''Manic Street Preachers'''
* [[James Dean Bradfield]] – vocals, [[lead guitar|lead]] and [[rhythm guitar]]s, [[record producer|production]]
* [[Richey Edwards]] – lyrics, production
* [[Nicky Wire]] – bass guitar, production
* [[Sean Moore (musician)|Sean Moore]] – drums, production
'''Technical'''
* Alex Silva – [[audio engineering|engineering]]
* Mark Freegard – [[audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
'''Sources'''
* {{cite book
| last = Clarke
| first = Martin
| title = Manic Street Preachers: Sweet Venom
| year = 1997
| publisher = Plexus
| location = London
| isbn = 0-85965-259-9
}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|manicstreetpreachers.com|Manic Street Preachers official website}}

{{Manic Street Preachers}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1994 songs]]
[[Category:Art rock songs]]
[[Category:Gothic rock songs]]
[[Category:Manic Street Preachers songs]]
[[Category:Songs about eating disorders]]
[[Category:Songs written by James Dean Bradfield]]
[[Category:Songs written by Nicky Wire]]
[[Category:Songs written by Richey Edwards]]
[[Category:Songs written by Sean Moore (musician)]]

Cellach

2024-09-12T06:34:46Z

80.192.231.72:

'''Cellach''' ([[hypocoristic]] Cellachán) is an [[Irish language|Irish]] name. It might refer to:

* [[Cellach of Killala]] (fl. mid-6th century), supposed first Bishop of Killala in Ireland
* [[Cellach I of Cennrígmonaid]], a 9th/10th-century bishop
* [[Cellach II of Cennrígmonaid]], a 10th-century bishop
* [[Cellach mac Máele Coba]], a 7th-century High King of Ireland
* [[Cellach mac Fáelchair]], king of Osraige
* [[Cellach mac Rogallaig]] (d. 705), a king of Connacht
* [[Cellach Cualann]], a 7th/8th-century king of Leinster
* [[Cellach mac Dúnchada]], king of Leinster
* [[Cellach mac Brain]], king of Leinster
* [[Cellach mac Faelan]], king of Leinster
* [[Cellachán Caisil]], a 10th-century king of Munster
* Cellach húa Rúanada, Irish poet (d. 1079, [[Annals of Ulster]])
* [[Saint Cellach]], 11th/12th-century bishop of Armagh
* [[Saint Cellach of Glendalough|Saint Ceallach]], hermit of Glendalough
* [[Cel Spellman]] (b. 1995), English actor, TV and radio host
{{disambig}}

Rocky Mountain High (album)

2024-08-20T21:42:25Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Rocky Mountain High
| type = Album
| artist = [[John Denver]]
| cover = John Denver - RockyMountainHigh.jpg
| alt =
| released = {{start date|1972|09|15}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio = [[RCA Studios New York#6th Ave|RCA]], [[New York City]]
| genre = [[Country folk]]<ref name="AllMusic"/><ref name="Lounge 1998">{{cite book|last= Okamoto|first= David|chapter= John Denver |editor-last= Knopper|editor-first=Steve|date=January 1, 1998|title=MusicHound Lounge: The Essential Album Guide|publisher=[[Visible Ink Press]]|location=Detroit|pages= 132–133}}</ref>
| length = 37:14
| label = [[RCA Records|RCA]]
| producer = [[Milton Okun]]
| prev_title = [[Aerie (album)|Aerie]]
| prev_year = 1971
| next_title = [[Farewell Andromeda]]
| next_year = 1973
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Rocky Mountain High
| type = Studio
| single1 = Goodbye Again
| single1date = July 1972
| single2 = Hard Life, Hard Times (Prisoners)
| single2date = September 1972
| single3 = [[Rocky Mountain High]]
| single3date = October 30, 1972
}}
}}

'''''Rocky Mountain High''''' is the sixth studio album released by American singer-songwriter [[John Denver]] in September 1972. It was his first US Top 10 album (no. 4), propelled by the [[Rocky Mountain High|title single]], and in addition reached no. 11 in the UK and no. 1 in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/028020/f2/nlc008388.4803.pdf| title=RPM Top 100 Albums - April 21, 1973}}</ref> The album's cover photograph was taken at Slaughterhouse Falls, [[Rio Grande Trail]], [[Aspen, Colorado]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musicalmaps.com.au/search/label/rockymountainhighjohndenver|title = Musical Maps}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Music ratings
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1Score = {{Rating|3.5|5}}<ref name="AllMusic">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/rocky-mountain-high-mw0000198330?1681995405601|title=Rocky Mountain High Review|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=April 20, 2023}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[Creem]]''
| rev2Score = C<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Creem]]|last=Christgau|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Christgau|date=April 1973|url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/cg/crm7304.php|title=The Christgau Consumer Guide|accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref>
}}
In July 1972, ''[[Record World]]'' called the single 'Goodbye Again', "a sad, gentle ballad that threatens to become a standard along the lines of '[[Leaving on a Jet Plane]].{{' "}}<ref name=rw>{{cite magazine|magazine=Record World|date=July 8, 1972|accessdate=2023-03-30|title=Hits of the Week|page=1|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Record-World/70s/72/Record-World-1972-07-08.pdf}}</ref> In September of that same year, ''Record World'' commended the single "Hard Life, Hard Times (Prisoners)" for its "good use of [[counterpoint]] towards the end."<ref name=rw2>{{cite magazine|magazine=Record World|date=September 16, 1972|accessdate=2023-03-29|title=Hits of the Week|page=1|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Record-World/70s/72/RW-1972-09-16.pdf}}</ref>

William Ruhlmann of ''[[AllMusic]]'' wrote of ''Rocky Mountain High'' that, "Though Denver still couldn't figure out how to fill out an entire album without covering his betters (in this case, old favorites [[the Beatles]] and [[John Prine]]), he and his steady backup musicians, bassist Dick Kniss and guitarist Mike Taylor, were evolving into an exuberant folk-country sound that would prove enormously appealing over the next few years."<ref name="AllMusic" /> Ruhlman highlighted "Goodbye Again" and "For Baby (For Bobbie)", praising the former as "one of Denver's finest ballads."<ref name="AllMusic" />

==Track listing==
{{Track listing
| headline = Side one
| title1 = [[Rocky Mountain High]]
| writer1 = {{hlist|John Denver|[[Mike Taylor (guitarist)|Mike Taylor]]}}
| length1 = 4:43
| title2 = [[Mother Nature's Son]]
| writer2 = {{hlist|[[John Lennon]]|[[Paul McCartney]]}}
| length2 = 2:28
| title3 = [[Paradise (John Prine song)|Paradise]]
| writer3 = [[John Prine]]
| length3 = 2:13
| title4 = For Baby (For Bobbie)
| writer4 = Denver
| length4 = 2:57
| title5 = [[Darcy Farrow]]
| writer5 = {{hlist|[[Steve Gillette And Cindy Mangsen|Steve Gillette]]|Tom Campbell}}
| length5 = 4:22
| title6 = Prisoners
| writer6 = Denver
| length6 = 3:36
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Side two
| title1 = Goodbye Again
| writer1 = Denver
| length1 = 3:36
| title2 = Season Suite: Summer
| writer2 = {{hlist|Denver|Taylor|Dick Kniss}}
| length2 = 2:51
| title3 = Season Suite: Fall
| writer3 = {{hlist|Denver|Taylor|Kniss}}
| length3 = 1:38
| title4 = Season Suite: Winter
| writer4 = {{hlist|Denver|Taylor|Kniss}}
| length4 = 1:36
| title5 = Season Suite: Late Winter, Early Spring (When Everybody Goes to Mexico)
| writer5 = {{hlist|Denver|Taylor|Kniss}}
| length5 = 4:00
| title6 = Season Suite: Spring
| writer6 = {{hlist|Denver|Taylor|Kniss}}
| length6 = 2:27
}}

==Personnel==
*John Denver – 6-string guitars, twelve-string guitars, acoustic guitars, vocals, arrangements
*[[Mike Taylor (guitarist)|Mike Taylor]] – guitar
*Dick Kniss – double bass, arranger
*Frank Owens – piano
*[[Paul Prestopino]] – mandolin, dobro
*[[Eric Weissberg]] – [[banjo]], [[steel guitar]]
*[[Gary Chester]] – drums, percussion
*[[Bill Danoff]], Martine Habib, Bruce Innes, Mike Kobluk, [[Taffy Nivert]] – backing vocals
*Pupils of [[Whitby School]], [[Greenwich, Connecticut]] – backing vocals on "For Baby (For Bobbie)"

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Discogs master|type=album|288895|Rocky Mountain High}}

{{John Denver}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:John Denver albums]]
[[Category:1972 albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Milt Okun]]
[[Category:RCA Records albums]]

{{1970s-folk-album-stub}}

Candlewick Green

2024-08-14T18:40:05Z

80.192.231.72:

'''Candlewick Green''' were a five-piece [[England|English]] [[pop music|pop]] [[musical ensemble|group]], formed in the 1970s. It is best known for its song, [[Who Do You Think You Are (Candlewick Green song)|"Who Do You Think You Are" ]] (1974), also recorded by artists such as [[Jigsaw (British band)|Jigsaw]] and [[Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods]].<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/candlewick-green-mn0000528385 |title=Candlewick Green - Music Biography, Credits and Discography |publisher=AllMusic |date= |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>

The group's name is an allusion to children's TV animation series ''[[Camberwick Green]]''.

After winning the television [[talent show]] ''[[Opportunity Knocks (UK TV series)|Opportunity Knocks]]'', Candlewick Green signed to [[Decca Records]], and had a [[hit single]] with the [[song]] "[[Who Do You Think You Are (Candlewick Green song)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]",<ref name="AMG"/> [[songwriter|written]] by Des Dyer and Clive Scott of the band [[Jigsaw (British band)|Jigsaw]]. The tune reached no. 21 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] in early 1974.<ref>Search for "Candlewick Green" performed at [http://everyhit.com/searchsec.php Everyhit.com] database on April 25, 2008.</ref> Both [[Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods]] and [[Saint Etienne (band)|Saint Etienne]]<ref name="AMG"/> later [[cover version|covered]] "Who Do You Think You Are".

Keyboardist Andy Ball left in the autumn of 1975 to join [[Mud (band)|Mud]] for a 2-year stint, latterly as a touring member only.

With varying line-ups, Candlewick Green continued performing until the early 2000s, before finally retiring from the international stage.<ref name="AMG"/>

==Members==
*Alan Leyland (drums)<ref name="AMG"/>
*Andy Ball (keyboards)<ref name="AMG"/>
*Lennie Cogswell (guitar)<ref name="AMG"/>
*Jimmy Nunnen (bass, backing vocals)<ref name="AMG"/>
*Terry Webb (lead vocals)<ref name="AMG"/>
*Derek Cleary (guitar, backing vocals)
*Dudley Jones
*Stevie Bee (bass, keyboard)
*Cy O'Hara (trumpet, guitar)
*[[Kjartan Poskitt]] (early 1980s)<ref name="Stage1982">{{cite journal |title=Candlewick Green |journal=The Stage |date=12 August 1982 |issue=5287 |page=60 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001180/19820812/247/0060 |accessdate=12 October 2019}}</ref>
*Peter La Scalla (early 1980s)<ref name="Stage1982"/>
*Jacqui Munro (early 1980s)<ref name="Stage1982"/>
*Trevor Ashforth Duo (early 1980s)<ref name="Stage1982"/>

==Discography==
===Albums===
*''What Kind of Songs'' ([[Decca Records]], 1974)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-What-Kind-Of-Songs/release/2411155 |title=Candlewick Green - What Kind Of Songs (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>
*''Candlewick Green'' (Storm Records, 1977)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Candlewick-Green/release/2955744 |title=Candlewick Green - Candlewick Green (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>
* 'Makin It' (SRT Productions) 1980

===Singles===
*"Doggie" (1972), BASF<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Doggie-Like-We-Still-Do/release/3914170 |title=Candlewick Green - Doggie / Like We Still Do (Vinyl) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date=1972-07-14 |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>
*"Sunday Kinda Monday" (1973), Decca<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Doggie-Like-We-Still-Do/release/3914201 |title=Candlewick Green - Sunday Kinda Monday / I Found My Way (Vinyl) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date=1973-05-11 |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>
*"[[Who Do You Think You Are (Candlewick Green song)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]" (1974), [[Decca Records|Decca]], UK no. 21<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Who-Do-You-Think-You-Are-/release/1310161 |title=Candlewick Green - Who Do You Think You Are? (Vinyl) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref><ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book
| first= David
| last= Roberts
| year= 2006
| title= [[British Hit Singles & Albums]]
| edition= 19th
| publisher= Guinness World Records Limited
| location= London
| isbn= 1-904994-10-5
| page= 91}}</ref>
*"Everyday of My Life" (1974), BASF<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Everyday-Of-My-Life/release/3184172 |title=Candlewick Green - Everyday Of My Life (Vinyl) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>
*"Leave A Little Love" (1974), Decca<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Leave-A-Little-Love/release/3300603 |title=Candlewick Green - Leave A Little Love (Vinyl) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>
*"Last Bus Home" (1975), Buk Records<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Last-Bus-Home-/release/2948531 |title=Candlewick Green - Last Bus Home (Vinyl) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>
*"Sign of the Times" (1976), Buk Records<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Candlewick-Green-Sign-Of-The-Times-You-Dont-Know/release/3914222 |title=Candlewick Green - Sign Of The Times / You Don't Know (Vinyl) at Discogs |publisher=Discogs.com |date=1976-05-21 |accessdate=2013-02-15}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:British pop music groups]]

I'll Be on My Way

2024-07-13T19:35:43Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|Song written by Lennon–McCartney}}
{{Infobox song
| name = I'll Be on My Way
| cover =
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Billy J. Kramer]] with [[The Dakotas (band)|the Dakotas]]
| album =
| A-side = "[[Do You Want to Know a Secret]]" (UK) "[[From a Window]]" (US)
| released = 26 April 1963
| format =
| recorded = 14, 21 March 1963
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length = 1:40
| label = Parlophone (UK) Imperial (US)
| writer = [[Lennon–McCartney]]
| producer = [[George Martin]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
{{Infobox song
| name = I'll Be on My Way
| cover =
| alt =
| type =
| artist = [[the Beatles]]
| album = [[Live at the BBC (Beatles album)|Live at the BBC]]
| released = *30 November 1994 (UK)
*5 December 1994 (US)
| format =
| recorded = 4 April 1963
| studio = [[Paris Theatre|BBC Paris Theatre]], London
| venue =
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]
| length = 1:58
| label = [[Apple Records]]
| writer = [[Lennon–McCartney]]
| producer = Bryant Marriott, [[George Martin]] (Executive Producer)
}}

"'''I'll Be on My Way'''" is a song written by [[Paul McCartney]], credited to [[Lennon–McCartney]], first released on 26 April 1963 by [[Billy J. Kramer]] with [[The Dakotas (band)|the Dakotas]] as the [[A-side and B-side|B-side]] of their hit debut single "[[Do You Want to Know a Secret]]", a song also written by Lennon–McCartney. The single reached number two in the UK charts while "[[From Me to You]]" by [[the Beatles]] occupied the number 1 position. The Beatles recorded a version of the song on 4 April 1963 for BBC radio, first released on the 1994 compilation album ''[[Live at the BBC (The Beatles album)|Live at the BBC]]''.

==Composition==
[[John Lennon]] explained "I'll Be on My Way" "was early Paul."{{sfn|Cadogan|2008|page=159}} Credited to [[Lennon–McCartney]], [[Paul McCartney]] wrote the song in the first half of 1959.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=214–215}} Author Todd Compton attributes it to "McCartney–Lennon."{{sfn|Compton|2017|pp=48-49}} McCartney wrote the song on his first guitar, a [[Framus]] Zenith [[Steel-string guitar|acoustic guitar]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=215, 705}} In ''[[The Beatles Anthology (book)|The Beatles Anthology]]'', McCartney recalls, "All my first songs... were written on the Zenith; songs like '[[Michelle (song)|Michelle]]' and '[[I Saw Her Standing There]]'. It was on this guitar that I learnt '[[Twenty Flight Rock]]', the song that later got me into the group [[The Quarrymen|The Quarry Men]]."{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=20}} When first written, the song had little beyond its melody.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=705}} The song was fleshed out years later after the Beatles added it to their live repertoire.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=705}}{{refn|group=nb|[[Walter Everett (musicologist)|Walter Everett]] writes the song was added to the Beatles' repertoire in "the last months of 1961",{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=101}} while Lewisohn writes it was not until September 1962.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=705}}}}

The song is heavily inspired by [[Buddy Holly]]. [[Musicology|Musicologist]] and writer [[Ian MacDonald]] writes, "Played a little faster, the song reveals its debt to Buddy Holly's simple three-chords schemes. (Imagine each chorus finishing 'I'll be on my way ah-hey-hey'.)"{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=82}} Everett agrees, writing the song "has strong Holly ties, especially in the duet refrain,"{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=52}} as does Lewisohn who calls the song "Hollyesque."{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=705}} The rising and falling chromatic line of the guitar intro comes from [[the Crickets]]' cover of "[[Don't Ever Change (song)|Don't Ever Change]]",{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=169}} especially the augmented E chord.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=705}} After measure 11, McCartney's vocal part moves to a [[descant]] in [[Parallel harmony|parallel]] thirds above Lennon's, a technique derivative of Holly's normal [[Double tracking|double-tracked]] vocal patterns.{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=169}}

Though Lennon sang the lead vocal as a harmony duet with McCartney, he never liked the song.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=705}} Beatles historian [[Mark Lewisohn]] writes that while performing it, "when they got to the line 'this way will I go'—[Lennon] pulled a [[Cripple|crip]] face and hunched himself [[Quasimodo]]-like around the microphone. Paul had no choice but to ride the laughter."{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=706}}

==Recording==
McCartney made a demo of the song prior to [[Billy J. Kramer]] and [[The Dakotas (band)|the Dakotas]] recording it.{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=169}} Dakotas guitarist [[Mike Maxfield]] claims that he still owns the [[Acetate disc|acetate]] and that all of the Beatles play on it, though this claim has never been substantiated.{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=388n190}}

The Beatles recorded the song on 4 April 1963 at the [[BBC]] Paris Theatre, [[London]], and broadcast on the BBC radio show ''Side by Side'' on 24 June 1963.{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=82}} Everett writes that [[George Harrison]]'s guitar solo features "the clash of bent unison [[double stop|double-stops]]",{{sfn|Everett|2001|pp=134–135}} similar to those of [[Scotty Moore]] in [[Elvis Presley]]'s "[[Just Because (Nelstone's Hawaiians song)|Just Because]]" and "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]" and in [[Jerry Lee Lewis]]'s "Livin' Lovin' Wreck".{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=135}}

==Release and reception==
Everett suggests the Beatles recorded a rendition of the song only to help promote Kramer's record.{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=169}} The Beatles released their version on the 1994 album ''[[Live at the BBC (Beatles album)|Live at the BBC]]''.{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=82}}{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=160}} It is the only non-cover song on the album that was previously unreleased.{{sfn|Goodden|2008}}

MacDonald describes the lyrics and music as "almost derisively naive".{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=82}} Lewisohn singles out the lyric "When the June light turns to moonlight" as the kind Lennon and McCartney "usually spurned" in others.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=215}} McCartney reflected on the work in his official biography, ''[[Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now]]'', saying "It's a little bit too June-moon for me, but these were very early songs and they worked out quite well."{{sfn|Miles|1998|page=180}} In 1980, [[John Lennon]] said of the song, "That's Paul, through and through. Doesn't it sound like him? Tra la la la la [laughs]. Yeah, that's Paul on the voids (joys) of driving through the country."{{sfn|Sheff|2000|p=170}} Everett writes the "this way I will go" lyrics, "are too closely related, in an innocent way, to those of "[[I'll Follow the Sun]]."{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=169}} He concludes that the chord transitions are ultimately uninteresting.{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=169}}

==Personnel==
According to [[Ian MacDonald]]:{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=82}}
* [[John Lennon]] – lead vocal, acoustic guitar
* [[Paul McCartney]] – harmony vocal, bass
* [[George Harrison]] – lead guitar
* [[Ringo Starr]] – drums

==The Billy J. Kramer version==
Kramer and the Dakotas recorded "I'll Be On My Way" on 14 and 21 March 1963.{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=167}}

Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas released their cover of the song as the B-side of their hit debut single, "[[Do You Want to Know a Secret#The Billy J. Kramer version|Do You Want to Know a Secret]]"{{sfn|MacDonald|2005|p=82}} on 26 April 1963.{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=387n182}} The record held at #2 nationally in the U.K., second to the Beatles' "[[From Me To You]]".{{sfn|Everett|2001|p=167–168}} This version of the song is included on the 1979 [[EMI]] album ''[[The Songs Lennon and McCartney Gave Away]].''{{sfn|Calkin|2002}}

==References==
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=The Beatles |author-link=The Beatles |year=2000 |title=The Beatles Anthology |publisher=[[Chronicle Books]] |location=San Francisco |isbn=978-0-8118-2684-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWuQu8EMDKcC |access-date=4 February 2021}}
* {{cite book| last=Cadogan| first=Patrick| year=2008| title=The Revolutionary Artist: John Lennon's Radical Years| publisher=Lulu| isbn=978-1-4357-1863-0}}
* {{cite web| last=Calkin| first=Graham| year=2002| title=Collaborations: The Songs Lennon and McCartney Gave Away| work=JPGR| url=https://www.jpgr.co.uk/col_nut18.html| access-date=29 October 2006}}
* {{cite book| last= Compton| first=Todd| year=2017| title= Who Wrote the Beatle Songs? A History of Lennon-McCartney| publisher= Pahreah Press| isbn=978-0-9988997-0-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Everett |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Everett (musicologist) |year=2001 |title=The Beatles As Musicians: The Quarry Men through Rubber Soul |url=https://archive.org/details/beatlesasmusicia00ever |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=978-0-19-514105-4 |access-date=4 February 2021}}
* {{cite web|last=Goodden |first=Joe |website=The Beatles Bible| year=2008| title=I'll Be On My Way| url=https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/ill-be-on-my-way/| access-date=15 September 2008}}
* {{cite book|last=Lewisohn |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Lewisohn |title=[[The Beatles: All These Years|The Beatles – All These Years]], Volume One: Tune In |publisher=Crown Archetype |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4000-8305-3 }}
* {{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Ian |year=2005 |author-link=Ian MacDonald |title=Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties |edition=2nd revised |publisher=Pimlico |location=London |isbn=978-1-84413-828-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Miles|first=Barry |author-link=Barry Miles|title=[[Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now]]|publisher= Secker & Warburg|location=London|year=1998|isbn=978-0-436-28022-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Sheff | first=David | year=2000 | title=All We Are Saying | publisher=St Martin's Griffin | isbn=0-312-25464-4| url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/allwearesayingla00lenn}}
{{Refend}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1963 songs]]
[[Category:The Beatles songs]]
[[Category:Billy J. Kramer songs]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by George Martin]]
[[Category:Songs written by Lennon–McCartney]]

Iron Lady (disambiguation)

2024-07-07T17:25:35Z

80.192.231.72:

{{wikt|iron lady|Iron Lady}}
"'''Iron Lady'''" is a nickname of [[Margaret Thatcher]] (1925–2013), the first female prime minister of the United Kingdom.

'''Iron Lady''' may also refer to:
{{TOC right}}

==Film and television==
*''[[The Iron Ladies]]'', a 2008 Thai film
*[[The Iron Lady (film)|''The Iron Lady'' (film)]], a 2011 biographical film about Margaret Thatcher
*[[The Iron Lady (TV series)|''The Iron Lady'' (TV series)]], a 2009 Malaysian series about a strong-willed Chinese woman

==Music==
*[[The Iron Lady (album)|''The Iron Lady'' (album)]], a 1979 satirical album about Margaret Thatcher
*"Iron Lady", a song by Phil Ochs from ''[[I Ain't Marching Any More]]'', 1965

==Other uses==
*''[[Vénus de Quinipily]]'' or ''The Iron Lady'', an ancient statue in Brittany, France
*''Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady'', a 2003 biography by [[John Campbell (biographer)|John Campbell]]
*"[[Britain Awake]]", a 1976 speech by Thatcher sometimes called the "Iron Lady speech"

==People with the nickname==

*[[Martine Aubry]] (born 1950), Minister of Labour of France (1991–1993)
*[[Benazir Bhutto]] (1953–2007), Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990 and 1993–1996)
*[[Anson Chan]] (born 1940), Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration (1997–2001)
*[[Eugenia Charles]] (1919–2005), Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
*[[Indira Gandhi]] (1917–1984), Prime Minister of India (1966–1977 and 1980–1984)
*[[Dalia Grybauskaitė]] (born 1956), President of Lithuania (2009–2019)
*[[Katinka Hosszú]] (born 1989), Olympic champion swimmer from Hungary
*[[J. Jayalalithaa]] (1948–2016), Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu five times between 1991 and her death
*[[Carrie Lam]] (born 1957), Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration (2012–2017) and Chief Executive (2017–2022)
*[[Golda Meir]] (1898–1978), Prime Minister of Israel (1969–1974)
*[[Angela Merkel]] (born 1954), Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021)
*[[Natalia Petkevich]] (born 1972), First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of Belarus (2009–2010)
*[[Biljana Plavšić]] (born 1930), President of Republika Srpska (1996–1998)
*[[Miriam Defensor Santiago]] (1945–2016), Senator of the Philippines and Judge of the International Criminal Court
*[[Irom Chanu Sharmila]] (born 1972), civil rights activist from Manipur state in India
*[[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] (born 1938), President of Liberia (2006–2018) and Nobel Peace Prize recipient (2011)
*[[Wu Yi (politician)|Wu Yi]] (born 1938), Vice Premier of China (2003–2008)

==See also==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Iron Baron (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iron Crown (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iron Duke (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iron Lord (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iron Maiden (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iron Man (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iron Throne (disambiguation)]]
*[[Iron Woman (disambiguation)]]
*[[Margaret Thatcher (disambiguation)]]
{{colend}}

{{disambiguation}}

Light Cavalry Overture

2024-05-20T09:39:15Z

80.192.231.72:

{{Short description|Piece of music by Franz von Suppé}}
{{italic title}}
'''''Light Cavalry Overture''''' is the [[overture]] to [[Franz von Suppé]]’s [[operetta]] ''[[Leichte Kavallerie|Light Cavalry]]'' ([[German language|German]]: ''Leichte Kavallerie''),<ref>{{cite web|last=Hamienet|title=Franz von Suppé's Light Cavalry Overture|url=http://www.hamienet.com/score26752-4.html|publisher=Hamienet.com|accessdate=6 December 2011}}</ref> premiered in Vienna in 1866.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lamar University|title=Lamar Civic Orchestra goes Gershwin with ‘Memorable Music’|url=http://www.lamar.edu/lamar-civic-orchestra-goes-gershwin-with-memorable-music|publisher=Lamar.edu|accessdate=6 December 2011}}</ref> Although the whole operetta is rarely performed or recorded, the overture is one of Suppé's most popular compositions, and has achieved a quite distinct life of its own, divorced from the opera of which it originally formed a part. Many orchestras around the world have the piece in their repertoire, and the main theme of the overture has been quoted numerous times by musicians, cartoons and other media.

==Recordings==
The overture has been recorded many times, including by these notable conductors:

*[[John Barbirolli]] and the [[The Hallé|Hallé Orchestra]] (Archipel Records - ARPCD0373)
*[[Charles Dutoit]] and the [[Montreal Symphony Orchestra]] (Decca - 414408)
*[[Arthur Fiedler]] and the [[Boston Pops Orchestra]] (RCA)
*[[James Allen Gähres]] and the Ulm Philharmonic (SCM 66222)
*[[Herbert von Karajan]] and the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] (DG - E4777099)
*[[Erich Kleiber]] and the Berlin Philharmonic (BPH0603)
*[[Neville Marriner]] and the [[Academy of St Martin in the Fields]] (EMI 5856242)
*[[Riccardo Muti]] and the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] (EMI CDC 556 336-2)
*[[Paul Paray]] and the [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra]] (Philips)
*[[Gennady Rozhdestvensky]] and the [[Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra of Moscow Radio|Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra]] (Melodiya - MELCD1001662)
*[[Georg Solti]] and the Vienna Philharmonic (Decca CS6146)
*[[George Weldon]] and the [[Philharmonia Orchestra]] (Columbia DX 1873)

==Media==
{{listen|filename=Overture to Light Cavalry - U.S. Marine Band.ogg|title=F. von Suppé's ''Light Cavalry Overture''|description=Franz von Suppé's overture to the opera ''Leichte Kavallerie,'' played by the [[United States Marine Band]] and directed by Colonel [[John R. Bourgeois]]. Date of performance: 1993.}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Franz von Suppé}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1866 compositions]]
[[Category:Compositions by Franz von Suppé]]
[[Category:Compositions in A major]]
[[Category:Overtures]]
[[Category:Opera excerpts]]

E17

2023-11-08T23:04:53Z

80.192.231.72:

'''E17''' or '''E-17''' may refer to:
* [[Queen's Indian Defence]], Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code
* [[European route E17]], a road through Belgium and eastern France
* [[East 17]], a British pop group, also known as E17
* [[Enlightenment (window manager)|Enlightenment (X window manager)]] release 17
* E17, a postcode district in the [[E postcode area]] for east London
* ''[[Ever 17: The Out of Infinity]]'', a Japanese video game
* [[E17 screw]], a type of Edison lightbulb screw
* [[HMS E17|HMS ''E17'']], a British submarine of World War I
* [[Kan-etsu Expressway]], route E17 in Japan
* [[Butterworth Outer Ring Road]], route E17 in Malaysia

{{Letter-NumberCombDisambig}}

[[ru:Enlightenment#Enlightenment DR17]]