Cyema

2025-06-27T00:55:52Z

78.149.120.123: another typo

{{Short description|Monotypic genus of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Cyema atrum (par Zugmayer).jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Knudsen, S. |year=2015 |title=''Cyema atrum'' |page=e.T18227109A60787320 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18227109A60787320.en |access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref>
| grandparent_authority = [[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1912<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal |last1=Van Der Laan |first1=Richard |last2=Eschmeyer |first2=William N. |last3=Fricke |first3=Ronald |title=Family-group names of Recent fishes |journal=Zootaxa |date=11 November 2014 |volume=3882 |issue=1 |pages=1–230 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 |pmid=25543675 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| parent_authority = [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1878<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Cyematidae|access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref>
|display_parents=3
| taxon = Cyema atrum
| authority = Günther, 1878
}}

'''''Cyema''''' is a [[monospecific genus]] of [[Marine life|marine]] [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]] [[Family (biology)|family]] '''Cyematidae'''. The only species in the genus is '''''Cyema atrum''''', the '''arrow eel''', '''bobtail eel''', '''bobtail snipe eel''' or '''deepwater eel'''. This species has circumglobal distribution.

==Taxonomy==
''Cyema'' was first proposed as a genus in 1878 by the German-born British [[ichthyologist]] [[Albert Günther]] when he [[Species description|described]] its only species ''Cyema atrum''.<ref name = CofF/> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] of ''C. atrum'' was given as the South Pacific from [[Challenger expedition|Challenger]] station 295 from a depths of {{cvt|1500|fathom}} and the Antarctic Ocean from Challenger station 158 from a depth of {{cvt|1800|fathom}}.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Cyema|access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref> In 1912 [[Charles Tate Regan]] classified this genus in the family Cyematidae, this genus is the only genus classified in that family. Formerly, the genus ''[[Neocyema]]'' was classified within this family but it is now classified in the family [[Neocyematidae]].<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book|last1=Nelson|first1=Joseph S.|last2=Grande|first2=Terry C.|last3=Wilson|first3=Mark V. H.|year=2016|title=''Fishes of the World''|edition=5th|pages=151-152|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=9781118342336}}</ref> This family is classified within the [[suborder]] [[Anguilloidei]] of the eel order Anguilliformes.<ref name = ECoF>{{cite web |url=https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification |title=Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification |access-date=9 November 2024 |publisher=[[California Academy of Sciences]]}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Cyema'' is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''kýēma'' (Gr. κύημα), which means "that which is conceived", in other words and [[embryo]] or [[foetus]], an allusion Günther did not explain but it is likely to be an allusion to this taxon having a soft body like that of a [[leptocephalus]]. The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''atrum'' is the neuter of ''ater'', a [[Latin]] word meaning "black", a reference to the plain black colour of this eel.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/cyematidae/ |title=Family CYEMATIDAE Regan 1912 (Bobtail Eel) |date=30 March 2023 |author= Christopher Scharpf |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=9 November 2024 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref>

==Description==
''Cyema'' has a compressed body with its anus in the middle, the trunk and the tail are of equal length. It has delicate, elongated jaws that resemble the beak of a bird. It has tiny, closely set teeth with recurved points on the jaws and on the [[vomer]]. The front nostrils are tubular while the rear nostrils resemble pores, closely set and jus to the front of the eyes. The small gill openings are just under the base of the pectoral fins. The [[dorsal fin|dorsal]] and [[anal fin]]s are large, originating just to the rear of the anus, getting taller to the rear and with their rear ends projecting past the [[caudal fin]] as a pair of lobes. The caudal fin consists of a small number of small rays. There are no pelvic fins. It is a uniform dark velvety brown or purplish-black.<ref name = FofA>{{cite web |author=Dianne J. Bray |title=''Cyema atrum'' |work=Fishes of Australia |access-date=9 November 2024 |url=https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/3435 |publisher=Museums Victoria}}</ref> This species has a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|15|cm}}, although {{cvt|13|cm}} is more typical.<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Cyema|atrum|month=June|year=2024}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Cyema'' is found in all the oceans. In the Atlantic Ocean, it as far north as the waters off southwestern [[Greenland]] and at the southern boundary of the [[Irminger Sea]]. In the eastern Atlanticis occurs from off the coast of Portugal and Gibraltar west to the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]], south to South Africa. In the western Atlantic, itv occurs from off eastern Canada south to [[Bermuda]], as well as having been recorded off Brazil and Argentina, although it is absent from the [[Gulf of Mexico]], the [[Caribbean Sea]] or the [[Sargasso Sea]]. It is also found in the Indian Ocean off Somalia and in the central Indian Ocean extendingg east to Australia and New Zealand. The snipe eel has been recorded off southern Japan and in the Eastern Pacific, from British Columbia and [[Oregon]] south to Panama and Chile.<ref name = iucn/> It is a [[Mesopelagic zone|Mesopelagic]] and [[Bathypelagic zone|bathypelagic]] fish found at depths between {{cvt|330|and|5100|m}}, typically deeper than {{cvt|610|m}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Biology==
''Cyema'' is a little known fish but it is [[carnivorous]]. It is also [[oviparous]] and has a leptocephalus larva.<ref name = Fishbase/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{FishBase species |genus= Cyema|species= atrum| month = June| year = 2011}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2001789}}

[[Category:Cyematidae]]
[[Category:Anguilloidei]]
[[Category:Monotypic ray-finned fish genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]]

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Cyema