wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Teeterboard

2025-01-23T01:06:46Z

73.47.3.166: Added Refs, removed unref tag.

[[File:Korean teeterboard montreal.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Corteo]]'' performers practising on the teeterboard]]
The '''teeterboard''' or '''Korean plank''' is an acrobatic apparatus that resembles a playground [[seesaw]]. The strongest teeterboards are made of oak (usually 9 feet in length). The board is divided in the middle by a [[Fulcrum (mechanics)|fulcrum]] made of welded steel. At each end of the board is a square padded area, where a performer stands on an incline before being catapulted into the air. The well-trained flyer performs various aerial [[somersault]]s, landing on padded mats, a human pyramid, a specialized landing chair, stilts, or even a [[Russian bar]].

The teeterboard is operated by a team of flyers, catchers, spotters and pushers. Some members of the team perform more than one acrobatic role. In the early 1960s the finest teeterboard acts, trained in the [[Eastern Bloc]] countries, performed with [[Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus]].

Korean-style teeterboard called [[Neolttwigi]] is a form of teeterboard where two performers jump vertically in place, landing back on the apparatus instead of dismounting onto a landing mat or human pyramid. Korean plank acts are featured in the Cirque du Soleil shows ''[[Nouvelle Experience]]'', ''[[Mystère (Cirque du Soleil)|Mystère]]'', ''[[Dralion]]'', ''[[Corteo]]'', ''[[Koozå]]'', ''[[Amaluna]]'', and ECHO.

[[Flying Fruit Fly Circus]], based in [[Albury]] NSW Australia, uses custom teeterboards (handmade in-house) in numerous national and international shows.

The '''Hungarian board''' (''bascule hongroise'') has a higher fulcrum, and the pushers jump from a height (e.g., from a tower).

References:
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388279274_Technical_Note_6-7_-_Teeterboard Technical Note 6-7: Teeterboard]
* [https://www.fedec.eu/en/article/204-teeterboard-intents-project FEDEC Manual on Teeterboard]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357185768_A_kinematic_analysis_of_jumping_technique_in_elite_Korean_teeterboard_athletes_a_case-study A kinematic analysis of jumping technique in elite Korean teeterboard athletes: a case-study] DOI:10.1080/14763141.2021.2018030
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373224753_The_Influence_of_the_Board_Bending_and_Recoil_Effect_on_Circus_Performance_in_Korean_Teeterboard The Influence of the Board Bending and Recoil Effect on Circus Performance in Korean Teeterboard] DOI:10.4028/p-7QwXVo
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356132529_Effect_of_jump_heights_landing_techniques_and_participants_on_vertical_ground_reaction_force_and_loading_rate_during_landing_on_three_different_Korean_teeterboards Effect of jump heights, landing techniques, and participants on vertical ground reaction force and loading rate during landing on three different Korean teeterboards] DOI:10.1177/17543371211058031

{{Circus skills}}

[[Category:Circus equipment]]
[[Category:Circus skills]]

Perch (equilibristic)

2025-01-20T01:13:47Z

73.47.3.166: /* References */ Added a ref to building a hanging perch pole

{{unreferenced|date=April 2014}}

The '''perch''' is an [[Equilibristics|equilibristic]] balancing act where one performer balances atop a pole that is being balanced by another performer. Each perch pole has a loop at the top into which the performer may insert either a hand or a foot in order to perform a variety of tricks while hanging down from the loop. During the whole routine, the base at the bottom must balance the pole as the flier shifts their weight from one position to another, climbs up and down, and balances at the top.

==Types of perch pole==

There are several variations on the perch pole. They include:

* Balancing perch pole
* Swing or swinging perch pole
* Hanging perch pole
* Standing perch pole

===Balancing perch pole===
The balancing perch pole consists of a tall steel pole (about 25 feet high and weighing about 50 pounds) with interchangeable top and bottom pieces, which are designed for variations of the act. The standard bottom piece is designed for a person to balance the pole on his shoulders and contains grips for holding the pole with his hands, while a substitute bottom piece may be used for a performer who wishes to balance the pole on his head.

===Swing or swinging perch pole===

The swing pole is an act where one performer holds up a steel pole about twenty feet long as their partner climbs to the top. After the flier fastens themselves to the top of the pole with a neck loop, he spins the pole around as fast as possible until the flier is swinging out almost parallel to the ground.

===Hanging perch pole===
The hanging perch is a variation on the perch where the pole is hung from an aerial mount point, and a pair of fliers perform tricks and stunts from the pole. Usually this includes the base being supported by an ankle strap on the pole. This allows him or her to stand out on the pole and hold a flyer while he/she performs various acrobatic maneuvers.

===Standing perch pole===
The standing perch pole is similar to the hanging perch pole but is fastened to the ground by three or four thick cords. Performers can climb and do tricks they could not normally do on any other variant. Standing perch poles come in various sizes. Diagram:
/||\
/ || \
/ || \
_/ _||_ \_

==Perch pole tricks==
Usual tricks include:
*Standouts (the flier braces both feet against the pole and stands out sideways from the pole)
*Leg drops (the flier braces her hands against the pole while hanging from one foot, then lowers her other leg out straight behind her)
*Arabesques
*Headstands
*Leg lifts

==See also==
*[[Chinese pole]]
*[[Mallakhamb]]

== References ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388179259_Welding_Project_-The_Hanging_Perch_Pole Building a Hanging Perch Pole] by Simply Circus
<references />
{{Circus skills}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perch (Equilibristic)}}
[[Category:Circus skills]]

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Mat (gymnastics)

2024-12-03T23:12:17Z

73.47.3.166: /* References */

{{Short description|Safety pad put on the floor}}
{{Other uses|Mat (disambiguation)}}
'''Mats''' are used for safety in [[gymnastics]], and in training new skills. They are usually a piece of foam (covered in leather) ranging from 1.5 to 28 inches thick, covered in a vinyl or plastic lining. The foam ranges in density from relatively firm to very soft.

Landing mats are usually blue but can be almost any other color. They come in various sizes, from tiny mats used on the beam to vast mats used in the foam pits.

Typically, mat use is mandatory in both competition and practice. On every event except [[floor exercise]], [[pommel horse]], and [[Vault (gymnastics)|vault]], gymnasts may use an additional landing mat without deduction, which may be adjusted for distance.

==Types==

=== Beam pads ===
[[File:Beam safety wrap.jpg|thumb|alt=Gymnastics coach fastening a foam wrap to the balance beam.|This ''[[gymnastics]]'' coach is fastening a foam beam wrap to the ''[[balance beam]]''.]]
These thin mats fasten around the [[balance beam]]. They are used only in high-level training to give gymnasts additional protection and a more expansive landing space while working on the apparatus. If necessary, makeshift beam pads can also be constructed from soft mats over the beam surface.

=== Blocks ===
Blocks are firm, [[trapezoid]] or rectangular-shaped mats. They can be attached to other blocks via [[velcro]] and straps. Blocks are routinely used as step-stools for gymnasts working on the bars or beam and as practice vaulting surfaces.

=== Crash mats ===
These extremely thick, soft mats are typically used when an athlete learns a new, high-impact skill.

=== Folding panel mats ===

These mats are thin, firm mats about twelve feet in length. They usually have alternating color panels and can be folded, stacked, and attached to other mats via velcro strips at the ends. Generally used for practicing tumbling moves, these mats may be stacked to provide a protective surface for gymnasts working on the low [[balance beam]] or provide a means for a gymnast to reach the bars or rings. They have a history of usage in gymnastics, martial arts, and physical education classes. Schools generally purchase new folding mats once every seven years. These mats protect the body from high-impact collisions with hard, solid surfaces such as hardwood or concrete flooring. There are two main categories of foam used in these types of mats: [[cross-linked polyethylene]] foam and [[polyurethane]] foam.

==== Foam core ====

===== Polyethylene foam =====
[[Cross-linked polyethylene]] foam is very solid and sturdy. When used in a folding panel gym mat, it is generally accepted to be at a standard thickness of 1 3/8". Mats with this type of foam would be considered for professional use in sporting events.

===== Polyurethane foam =====
The foam is firm, but not as firm as the cross-linked polyethylene foam used in 1 3/8" thick models. Because of the lack of firmness, mats made with this type of foam generally use specifically 2" thick 100 ILD open cell 4.5 lb. density [[polyurethane]] foam. Generally accepted uses of mats with this kind of foam are practice venues, home use, and youth amateur sports events.

==== Vinyls ====
Although each mat may be made of different foam, they generally have similar vinyl enclosures. 14- to 18-ounce polyester laminated vinyl is usually used in all folding mat applications. The vinyl covers should be fire-retardant (class A), puncture and mildew-resistant, and antibacterial to help maintain good hygiene. Velcro on each end of the mat allows a near-seamless connection to additional mats for tumbling runs or expansive areas.

==== Sizes ====
Ranging from 4 feet x 8 feet to 6 feet x 12 feet, sizes usually only matter when limited by space or personal preference. In most cases – like in gymnastics – multiple mats are purchased to be strung together via velcro to create the ultimate [[sure-footed]] tumbling experience. Generally, mats used for gymnasiums and gymnastics mats come in 2-foot-wide panels, which is why many in the industry call them folding panel mats or folding mats. The 2-foot-wide panels allow for ease in both setup and clean up when using the mats to become the perfect compact size for storage.

=== Incline mats ===
[[File:Incline handstand.jpg|thumb|alt=Gymnast performing handstand on a folding incline.|This [[gymnast]] performs a [[handstand]] on a folding incline.]]
Incline mats, also known as wedge mats, cheese mats, or simply "the cheese", are firm mats shaped like [[right triangle]]s. They are mainly used to teach and train beginning and intermediate gymnastics skills such as [[Roll (gymnastics)|rolls]], walkovers, and handsprings.

=== Springboard mats ===
These firm mats are used on [[Vault (gymnastics)|vault]]. They are U-shaped and surround the springboard on three sides. If the gymnast's foot misses the springboard during their vault attempt, they can push off the mat for momentum and, hopefully, avoid a serious injury. Under the current ''[[Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)|Code of Points]]'', performing a [[Yurchenko (vault)|Yurchenko]]-style vault without the safety mat results in an automatic score of zero.<ref>[http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/publicdir/rules/files/wag/WAG%20CoP%202013-2016%20June%202015-E.pdf ''Code of Points''] at the official website of the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG):Section 10.4.3, "Performance of Invalid Vaults", page 42.</ref>

=== Landing mats ===
These mats are thin and soft, usually white or red, to distinguish them from the other mats and floor exercise area. They are used on the [[floor exercise]] to lessen the "sting," or impact, of tumbling run landings and for dismounts on the beam or floor. Sting mats are routinely used in training but rarely permitted in competition.

==References==
{{Commons category|Mats (gymnastics)}}
{{Reflist}}
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343921929_The_Mat_Bible The Mat Bible] is an extensive document on mats, including use, selection, cleaning, repairs and a lot more.

{{Authority control}}
{{Artistic Gymnastics Apparatus and Equipment}}

[[Category:Gymnastics apparatus]]
[[Category:Floors]]

Cloud swing

2024-11-23T21:50:50Z

73.47.3.166: /* References */

{{one source|date=June 2021}}

The '''cloud swing''' is an [[aerialist|aerial]] act that usually combines static and swinging [[trapeze]] skills, drops, holds and rebound lifts.

The apparatus itself is a soft rope about 25-30mm thick. It can be made from a single [[rope]], or from a [[cotton]]-filled sheath. On its simplest level the cloud swing resembles a [[Spanish web]] in length and width, with each end braided and spliced-lashed with a thimble, forming a loop. Two high-caliber swivels are required to support the weight; the swivels are anchored to a crane bar or a stationary rig, with the swing itself hanging in a "V" shape. Generally, the motion provided to swing the performer is supplied by an assistant pulling on a tether at the bottom of the "V".

The cloud swing is a relatively new apparatus, and many of the figures performed on it are borrowed or adapted from static and swinging [[trapeze]].

The "Mexican cloud swing" or ''corde volante'' is performed at higher altitude.

A cloud swing act was featured in the [[Cirque du Soleil]] touring production ''[[Quidam]]''.

==References==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160410060413/http://community.simplycircus.com/tutorials/aerial/aerial_arts_faq.htm Aerial Arts FAQ] ([http://www.simplycircus.com Simply Circus])
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384293183_Introduction_to_Rigging_Aerialist_Essentials ''Introduction to Rigging: Aerialist Essentials'']

{{Circus skills}}

[[Category:Circus equipment]]
[[Category:Circus skills]]
[[Category:Performing arts]]

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Rolling globe

2024-11-19T00:01:19Z

73.47.3.166: /* Further reading */

{{Short description|Circus skill where a performer balances atop a large sphere}}
[[File:Circus Strassburger diverse opnamen, Bestanddeelnr 904-9388.jpg|thumb|Jugglers on rolling globes at the Strassburger Circus, 1952]]
The '''rolling globe''' or '''walking globe''' is a [[circus skill]] in which a performer balances atop a large sphere. Various [[gymnastic]] or [[juggling]] stunts may be performed while the performer moves and controls the position of the ball with their feet and/or hands.

==Further reading==
* Lauriere, Ludovic. ''Petit traité d'équilibre sur boule''. TheBookEdition. {{in lang|fr}}
* Simply Circus. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385652520_Rolling_Barrels_and_Rolling_Globes ''Rolling Barrels and Rolling Globes Skill Progression and Teaching Notes'']

{{Circus skills}}

[[Category:Circus skills]]

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Static trapeze

2024-11-18T22:20:00Z

73.47.3.166: /* External links */ - Added references to textbooks and other safety documents

{{Short description|Type of circus art}}
[[Image:Circus Smirkus - Static Trapeze.jpg|upright|thumb|Duo static trapeze performance by Kia and Lindsay ([[Circus Smirkus]]), back flag and catcher's lock]]
'''Static trapeze''', also known as '''fixed trapeze''', is a type of circus apparatus. In contrast to the other forms of trapeze, static trapeze the bars and ropes mainly stay in place.

Most often, the static trapeze is about {{Convert|2|ft|m|abbr=on|sp=us|sigfig=1}} wide and the bar is generally {{Convert|1-1.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} inches in diameter. The ropes are usually 3–5 metres long, as many figures are performed on the ropes above the bar. The ropes can be made of many materials, including cotton, hemp and corde lisse ropes. It can be performed by a single artist or two partners working together in what is referred to as duo trapeze. A single artist will do tricks above and below the bar, with the ropes being a central part of above bar tricks.

== Specialist forms of static trapeze ==
'''Doubles (duo) static trapeze''' is a partner act that involves partners working together. Although partners often alternate roles during acts, generally the act involves a "base" and a "flyer role". The base often holds the weight of their partner in positions such as "catches", used commonly in [[Flying trapeze]] to catch their partners. The flyer is the partner who is suspended and thrown etc. by their partner. This form of trapeze is popular for circus companies such as [[Cirque du Soleil]], and is traditionally performed by a male and female, base/flyer pair. Doubles trapeze is often conducted on a wider trapeze in which the bar extends out on either side of the rope, to act as pegs to allow two performers to stand in the space more easily.

'''Multiple/group trapeze''' acts entail using of more than one trapeze, typically two or three. In these acts, multiple people perform simultaneously. The most common type of multiple trapeze, aside from multiple performers each on their own trapeze, is a "triple trapeze". Multiple trapeze can also refer to abstract aerial equipment with trapeze like structures, for example an apparatus with two trapeze bars parallel to one another so that two performers may sit on the bars in a stacked fashion (duplex trapeze).

[[File:CJ_triple_trapeze_May.jpg|thumb|Triple trapeze at [[Circus Juventas]]]]
A '''triple trapeze''' is a type of static (still) trapeze with three trapezes combined using one bar. Therefore, there are four ropes connecting this trapeze to its rigging. Triple trapeze performances often specialize in synchronized tricks and symmetrical shapes. One example of a triple trapeze act can be seen in [[Cirque du Soleil]]'s show ''[[Varekai]]''. An experimental cage-like structure was created for the show, but was ultimately scrapped in production. However, the structure did appear in the 'making of' documentary ''Fire Within''.

==Repertoire==
[[Image:Circus-school-birds-nest.jpg|thumb|upright|A 10-year-old learns bird's nest in the ropes at [[circus school]].]]
Static trapeze routines are choreographed from a number of standard tricks, movements, and positions, including:

* sitting - generally used to describe sitting on the bar, with your shoulders parallel to the bar, with both legs in front of the bar
* full beats - hanging from the bar with your hands, keeping legs straight and together, bringing feet up to level with the bar and then swinging down, through vertical and back with feet returning up to the level of the bar
* knee beats - hanging from the knees, bringing hands up above the level of the bar, then straightening the body, swinging backward down through the vertical, and back with hands returning above the level of the bar
* catcher's lock (or catches) - hanging upside down, with the bar across the front of the thighs, and the ropes passing inside the bent knees. This is generally a strong position to catch or hold another person (hence the name).
* bird's nest - belly down, arched backward, tops of the feet one on each rope above the hands, with hands still on the bar
* mermaid - similar to bird's nest but both feet on the same rope
* bird's nest in ropes - belly down, arched backward with tops of the feet one on each rope, above the hands also in the ropes (see picture)
* mermaid in ropes - similar to bird's nest in the ropes but both feet on the same rope
* angel - similar to mermaid, except one leg is released from the ropes to allow the body to face upward
* gazelle - sideways on the bar, one leg straight across the bar with the ankle past the velvet, one leg bent with the rope passing between the knee and the body which hangs backward down beneath the bar
* coffin - lying straight and horizontal with one shoulder on one velvet, and the feet on the other velvet
* candlestick - hanging from one knee over the bar, with the other flexed foot wrapped anticlockwise (from below) in the rope
* knee hang - hanging from the bar with the backs of the knees
* ankle hang - hanging with the bar behind both ankles and one foot in each velvet with the velvet in the instep
* toe hang - hanging from the bar with the tops of your feet (not normally the toes)
* neck hang - hanging from the bar by tilting your head backward to rest the bar on the back of your neck
* around the world - from sitting, one hand in the rope above the head, the other on the bar by that rope, lifting the body and rotating around the rope and returning to sit
* one-arm hang - simply hanging from one arm, usually with a strong rather than collapsed shoulder
* flag - from sitting or front balance, holding a rope in one hand, the bar in vertical position in the other hand, with rope passing under that elbow
* Russian rolls - from front balance, tipping forward and grabbing the thighs and then releasing and allowing the roll to carry you back to front balance
* windmill - from a sitting position with one leg in front and one behind the bar, both hands on the bar, then tipping forward and rotating to return to the starting position
* splits under the bar - hanging inverted beneath the bar, both hands on the bar, the splits with one leg in front and one behind
* straddle - hanging inverted beneath the bar, both hands on the middle of the bar, with legs straddled and horizontal over the head but beneath the bar
* pike - hanging inverted beneath the bar, both hands on the sides of the bar, with legs piked and horizontal over the head but beneath the bar
* star (or splits) in the ropes - standing with one foot on each rope, and one hand on each rope
* star on the bar - similar to back balance, but with the legs straddled to catch the ropes, and head tipped downward
* amazon - lower arm straight downward, hand holding the bar out to one side, trapping the rope with neck and the other shoulder
* amazon pirouette - starting in amazon, reaching up to hold the rope with the free hand then that toe reaching around backward to reach the bar
* belly (or front) balance - lying horizontal, with the bar across the front of your waist/hips
* back balance - lying horizontal, with the bar across the back of your waist
* one-legged monkey roll - from splits below the bar, hooking one knee on, then wrapping arms in the velvets with the inner elbow resting under the bar, then rotating backward to sit with one leg left behind the bar in the sitting position
* monkey roll - from pike beneath the bar, hooking both knees on, then wrapping arms in the velvets with the inner elbow resting under the bar, then rotating backward to sit
* roll up - usually from sit to stand, holding the ropes above your head, lifting and rolling over backward
* roll down - usually from stand to sit - holding the ropes at the waist, tipping forward, and rolling forward
* knee wrap - from catches, rotating forward through the space between the ropes one or more complete wraps
* knee balance - kneeling on the bar, not holding on
* planche - usually with hands behind the back, belly downward, body holding a horizontal plank position
* back or side planche - similar to a planche with the body holding a horizontal position, belly in a lateral position, usually with one arm holding on behind the back
* meathook - similar to a side planche but with the one arm in front of the body and a piked body position
* toysoldier - a repeating sequence combining crucifix, beat and front balance
* crucifix - bar across the back of the shoulders, ropes under the armpits
* inverted crucifix - inverted body position, with bar across top of shoulders, usually with feet in the ropes
* handstand on the bar - usually with feet in the ropes
* layout in the ropes - from standing, a side planche in the ropes keeping the bar on your feet
* crescent moon - one leg in the ropes, one on the bar, facing the leg in the ropes and holding that rope with both hands before rotating the bar around the body to wrap the bottom foot and release the hands
* standing - generally used to describe standing facing with your shoulders parallel to the bar
* lampost - standing on the bar with the back to one rope, with the rope passing along the side of the neck, hands free
* skinning the cat - from pike position fully rotating body toward the feet downward, then returning to the pike position
* skinning the cat with a dislocation - from the fully rotated skinners position releasing one hand and returning to hanging below the bar
* pullover - a transition from hanging into front balance, lifting feet gradually up and over the bar

==See also==
* [[Cradle (circus act)]]

==External links==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384293183_Introduction_to_Rigging_Aerialist_Essentials Introduction to Rigging:_Aerialist Essentials] Textbook on basic rigging for performers ([http://www.simplycircus.com Simply Circus])
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384293419_32_Aerial_Projects_to_make_at_home 32 Aerial Projects to Make at Home] How to safely build aerial equipment at home ([http://www.simplycircus.com Simply Circus])
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343921929_The_Mat_Bible The Mat Bible] Extensive safety document for circus and aerials. ([http://www.simplycircus.com Simply Circus])
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385710267_Circus_Rescues Circus Rescues] When things go wrong, how do you rescue aerialists and acrobats ([http://www.simplycircus.com Simply Circus])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060831003124/http://tutorials.simplycircus.com/aerial/aerial_arts_faq.htm Aerial Arts FAQ] ([http://www.simplycircus.com Simply Circus])
* [http://trapezerigging.com TrapezeRigging.com - a seller of trapeze equipment]
* [http://damnhot.com/trapeze THE Flying Trapeze Resource Page]
* [http://www.circusartsinstitute.com Circus Arts Institute - author and seller of the Aerial Circus Training and Safety Manual]
* [[Aerialize Sydney Aerial Theatre]]

{{Circus skills}}

[[Category:Circus skills]]
[[Category:Performing arts]]

Talk:Rolling globe

2024-11-10T15:48:17Z

73.47.3.166: /* Add reference */ new section

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==Untitled==
Can someone shrink that picture down for me?

== Add reference ==

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385652520_Rolling_Barrels_and_Rolling_Globes [[Special:Contributions/73.47.3.166|73.47.3.166]] ([[User talk:73.47.3.166|talk]]) 15:48, 10 November 2024 (UTC)