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MGM Home Entertainment

2025-06-15T22:49:02Z

61.21.156.214: /* 2005–2019 */

{{Short description|Home video distribution arm of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = MGM Home Entertainment LLC
| logo = MGM Home Entertainment logo.png
| logo_size = 200px
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]] [[Label]]
| fate = Physical media operations transferred to [[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment#Studio Distribution Services, LLC|Studio Distribution Services]]. Its labels remain in use on SDS-distributed releases.
| founded = {{start date and age|1978}}
| hq_location_city = [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], [[California]] (1993–2005) [[Culver City, California|Culver City]], [[California]]
| hq_location_country = [[United States|US]]
| industry = [[Home video]]
| trade_name = MGM Home Entertainment
| former_names = {{Plainlist|
* MGM Home Video, Inc. (1978–1980)
* MGM/CBS Home Video, Inc. (1980–1982)
* MGM/UA Home Video, Inc. (1982–1994)
* MGM/UA Home Entertainment, Inc. (1994–1997)
}}
| brands =
| products = {{Plainlist|
* [[DVD]]
* [[Blu-ray]]
* [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]]
}}
| parent = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
}}

'''MGM Home Entertainment LLC'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Home Entertainment LLC: Private Company Information|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=8032126|website=Bloomberg Business|access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref> (also known as '''Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Home Entertainment''', [[Trade name|d/b/a]] '''MGM Home Entertainment''' and formerly known as '''MGM Home Video''', '''MGM/CBS Home Video''' and '''MGM/UA Home Video''') is the [[home video]] distribution arm of the American media company [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (MGM). It is owned by [[Amazon MGM Studios]], a subsidiary of [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]].

Their releases are currently distributed by [[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment|Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] since 2020 (and 2021 through Studio Distribution Services).

Starting with the [[Ultra HD Blu-ray|4K UHD]] and [[Blu-ray]] release of [[Fallout (American TV series)|''Fallout'']], TV series solely produced by Amazon MGM Studios will be distributed through MGM Home Entertainment.

== History ==
=== 1978–1982 ===
In 1978, the company was established as '''MGM Home Video''', releasing MGM films and television series. In 1980, MGM joined forces with [[CBS Home Entertainment|CBS Video Enterprises]], the home video division of the [[CBS]] television network, and formed '''MGM/CBS Home Video'''. In October of that year, they released their first batch of Betamax and VHS tapes.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCQEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22MGM+CBS%22+Billboard&pg=PT58|title=(advertisement)|magazine=Billboard|date=22 November 1980|via=Google Books}}</ref>

The initial printings of all 24 films were packaged in brown leather clamshell cases with gold lettering; they were presented to CBS executives. Later printings of these films, as well as all printings of later releases by MGM/CBS, were packaged in oversized gray book-style boxes with either the MGM Abstract Lion print logo or CBS Video print logo in the upper right hand corner of the packaging. MGM/CBS also issued some early tapes of [[Lorimar Television|Lorimar]] product; those releases would instead bear the Lorimar print logo where the MGM or CBS Video print logo would normally be.

In 1981, MGM/CBS and [[The Samuel Goldwyn Company|Samuel Goldwyn Home Entertainment]] began to co-market certain Goldwyn titles, with CBS Video Enterprises handling distribution on Goldwyn's behalf.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=1981-06-06|title=Goldwyn Indie Video Label|page=6|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1981/1981-06-06-Billboard-Page-0006.pdf|access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref>

=== 1982–1998 ===
In 1982, a year after MGM bought and merged with the near-bankrupt [[United Artists]] (UA) from [[Transamerica Corporation|Transamerica]], CBS dropped out of the video partnership with MGM and moved to [[20th Century Fox]] to create [[CBS/Fox Video]] (Samuel Goldwyn titles moved to CBS/Fox, as they were distributed via CBS). MGM's video division became known as '''MGM/UA Home Entertainment Group, Inc.''', more commonly known as '''MGM/UA Home Video'''. MGM/UA continued to license pre-1981 UA and [[Associated Artists Productions|pre-1950]] [[Warner Bros.|WB]] films (as well as some post-1981 titles) to CBS/Fox (due to an agreement UA had with Fox years earlier dating back to when CBS/Fox Video was called [[Magnetic Video]]). In 1982, the company entered into an agreement with [[The Cannon Group, Inc.|The Cannon Group]] to release titles from the mini-major film studio through 1985.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1983-04-06|title=Cannon Hands Pics to MGM/UA for Domestic Homevid|page=3|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1983-05-18|title=Marketing Of Library Titles, Supply Bottlenecks Crucial To MGM/UA Home Ent.'s Plan|page=33|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> In 1985, it entered into an agreement with [[Entertainment One|Rene Malo Video]] to handle Canadian distribution of MGM/UA product.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1985-08-21|title=Rene Malo To Handle MGM/UA Pix in Canada|page=41|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

In 1986, MGM's pre-May 1986 library (also including the pre-1950 [[Warner Bros.]] library, ''[[Bugs Bunny: Superstar]]'', the [[Fleischer Studios]]/[[Famous Studios]] ''[[Popeye the Sailor (film series)|Popeye]]'' cartoons, and most US rights to the [[RKO Pictures]] library), was acquired by [[Ted Turner]] and his company [[Turner Entertainment Co.]] After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. libraries for video release (the rest of the library went to [[Turner Entertainment Co.#Home video|Turner Home Entertainment]]).

Also that year, it signed an agreement with [[Roger Corman]] and his film studio [[New Concorde|Concorde Pictures]] that enabled MGM/UA worldwide access to motion pictures that were produced by Concorde.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1986-10-29|title=Concorde Inks With MGM/UA Homevid|page=5|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

In October 1990, after [[MGM-Pathé Communications|Pathé Communications]] bought MGM, MGM/UA Home Video struck a deal with [[Warner Home Video]] to have them distribute MGM/UA titles exclusively on home video worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-16 |title=Yellow Layer Failure, Vinegar Syndrome and Miscellaneous Musings by Robert A. Harris |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/articles/robertharris/harris102504.html |access-date=2023-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716231858/http://www.thedigitalbits.com/articles/robertharris/harris102504.html |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}</ref> The Pathé merger also meant MGM acquired a majority of the [[The Cannon Group, Inc.|Cannon Films]] library (certain rights for other media and select films during the [[Thorn EMI]] merger now lie with other entities with few exceptions), ironic considering MGM/UA had previously distributed Cannon output in the 1980s. MGM/UA also began distributing the rest of the UA library around this time after its contract with CBS/Fox ended. In 1994, MGM/UA Home Video launched the '''MGM/UA Family Entertainment''' label for family-friendly releases. In 1996, Warner made an exclusive deal with [[Image Entertainment]] to distribute MGM/UA titles on [[LaserDisc]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/IMAGE+ENTERTAINMENT+ACQUIRES+EXCLUSIVE+RIGHTS+TO+PACKAGE+OF+MGM%252FUA...-a017981437|title=IMAGE ENTERTAINMENT ACQUIRES EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS TO PACKAGE OF MGM/UA TITLES FOR LASERDISC - Free Online Library|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|access-date=2016-09-09|archive-date=2016-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915125943/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IMAGE+ENTERTAINMENT+ACQUIRES+EXCLUSIVE+RIGHTS+TO+PACKAGE+OF+MGM%252FUA...-a017981437|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1997, MGM/UA, along with the other studios that were distributed by Warner Home Video, began releasing its titles on [[DVD]]. Some of the films MGM released on DVD were from the Turner catalog, which they were still allowed to keep after Turner merged into [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner Entertainment]] some time before because of their distribution deal. That same year, MGM acquired [[Orion Pictures]]. As a result, '''Orion Home Video''' (Orion's home video division) was absorbed by MGM/UA, and was retained as an in-name-only division until the acquisition deal was finalized in 1998. That year, the company was renamed '''MGM Home Entertainment.'''

=== 1998–2005 ===
After the Orion acquisition, MGM kept Orion Pictures intact as a corporation, mostly to avoid its video distribution agreement with Warner Home Video, and thus, Orion Pictures films would be distributed under the Orion Home Video label. In 1999, MGM acquired 2/3 of the pre-1996 [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment]] library from [[Seagram]] for $250 million, increasing their library holdings to 4,000. The PolyGram libraries (which included the [[Trans World Entertainment (film company)|Epic film library]]) would be placed under Orion Pictures, so as to avoid its 1990 home video distribution agreement with Warner Home Video.<ref>{{cite news|last=Eller|first=Claudia|date=October 23, 1998|title=MGM Agrees to Acquire PolyGram Movie Library|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-23-fi-35357-story.html|access-date=March 29, 2015}}</ref> In March that same year, MGM paid $225 million to end its distribution contract with Warner Home Video, effectively ending the distribution problem (the initial deal was to have expired in 2003, but as a result of the early termination, it instead ended in February 2000). As a result of the deal, Warner Home Video took over home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MGM+REGAINS+VIDEO+RIGHTS%253B+$225+MILLION+DEAL+TO+HELP+SELL+DVDS.-a083605917|title=MGM REGAINS VIDEO RIGHTS; $225 MILLION DEAL TO HELP SELL DVDS. - Free Online Library|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|access-date=2016-09-09|archive-date=2018-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411111537/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MGM+REGAINS+VIDEO+RIGHTS%253B+$225+MILLION+DEAL+TO+HELP+SELL+DVDS.-a083605917|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Seth |date=27 March 1999 |title=MGM Buys Its Freedom, Pays Warner Vid To End Distrib Deal |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1999/1999-03-27-Billboard-Page-0006.pdf |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=World Radio History}}</ref> Upon the expiration of the Warner Home Video deal, MGM signed a deal with [[20th Century Home Entertainment|20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]] to distribute its films on home video overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MGM+and+Fox+Form+International+Distribution+and+Strategic+Alliance.-a054937422|title=MGM and Fox Form International Distribution and Strategic Alliance. - Free Online Library|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|access-date=2016-09-14|archive-date=2017-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511105437/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MGM+and+Fox+Form+International+Distribution+and+Strategic+Alliance.-a054937422|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2001, MGM and [[Amazon.com]] launched the "MGM Movie Vault" to distribute VHS copies of selected films, either previously unreleased on video or long out-of-print, exclusively through Amazon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Amazon.com+and+MGM+Home+Entertainment+Partner+to+Raise+the+Curtain+On...-a070701621|title=Amazon.com and MGM Home Entertainment Partner to Raise the Curtain On MGM's Legendary Film Vault. - Free Online Library|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|access-date=2016-10-16|archive-date=2016-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018222407/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Amazon.com+and+MGM+Home+Entertainment+Partner+to+Raise+the+Curtain+On...-a070701621|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On March 3, 2003, MGM Home Entertainment launched the '''MGM Kids''' sub-label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/home-entertainment/mgm-purrs-with-kidvid-label/|title=MGM Purrs with Kidvid Label|date=10 July 2003}}</ref>

On May 27, 2003, MGM reinstated full distribution rights to their products in regions like the United Kingdom, Australia, Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Germany, although 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment continued to distribute for MGM in a majority of developing regions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-05-27 |title=MGM Home Entertainment Reclaims Full Distribution Operations |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2003-05-27/mgm-home-entertainment-reclaims-full-distribution-operations |access-date=2023-08-18}}</ref>

=== 2005–2019 ===
In 2005, following MGM's acquisition by a [[Sony]]-led consortium (in part so Sony could ensure MGM's support of the Sony-invented [[Blu-ray]] format), MGM started releasing its newest content through [[Sony Pictures Home Entertainment]] under the standard MGM label, from that point onward, MGM releases began to be credited as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc., the MGM Home Entertainment moniker would be retired within the same year. However, Sony failed to meet projected sales of MGM content on DVD (in part because of a cooling DVD market); further issues came when Harry Sloan was hired as MGM's chairman and split MGM from Sony Pictures control, instead championing MGM as a company independent of Sony. Further issues between the companies and inside both plagued the deal, and MGM dropped Sony Pictures Home Entertainment as a home media distributor in May 2006, instead signing a new worldwide distribution deal with [[20th Century Home Entertainment|20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eller |first=Claudia |date=2006-10-20 |title=MGM Deal a Bold Miscalculation for Sony |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-oct-20-fi-mgm20-story.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eller |first=Claudia |date=2006-05-31 |title=MGM Drops Sony as DVD, TV Distributor |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-31-fi-mgm31-story.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2010, parent company [[MGM Holdings]] emerged from bankruptcy. As of 2011 until 2018, MGM no longer released or marketed their own movies. Instead, MGM shared distribution with other studios that handle all distribution and marketing for MGM's projects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fritz|first=Ben|title=MGM film studio remade with a low-profile and a focused strategy|date=13 December 2011|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2011-dec-13-la-fi-ct-mgm-20111213-story.html|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref> Since then, only a handful of MGM's most recent movies, such as ''[[Skyfall]]'', ''[[Red Dawn (2012 film)|Red Dawn]]'',<ref>{{cite magazine|last=White|first=Michael|title=MGM Studio Says Earnings Soar on Films 'Skyfall,' 'Hobbit'|date=16 May 2013|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-16/mgm-studio-says-earnings-soar-on-film-hits-skyfall-hobbit-|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref> ''[[Carrie (2013 film)|Carrie]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dickson|first=Evan|title=The 'Carrie' Blu-ray Will Have A New Ending (Hopefully Better Than The Theatrical One)|date=3 December 2013|publisher=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3267285/the-carrie-blu-ray-will-have-a-new-ending-hopefully-better-than-the-theatrical-one/|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref> ''[[RoboCop (2014 film)|RoboCop]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios (MGM) and Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment present ROBOCOP, arriving on Digital HD May 20 and on Blu-ray, DVD and VOD June 3|date=1 May 2014|url=https://don411.com/metro-goldwyn-mayer-studios-mgm-and-twentieth-century-fox-home-entertainment-present-robocop-arriving-on-digital-hd-may-20-and-on-blu-ray-dvd-and-vod-june-3/#.YHushZ9xfIV|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref> ''[[If I Stay (film)|If I Stay]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=Jason|title=Win If I Stay on DVD|date=2 February 2015|url=https://entertainment-focus.com/2015/02/02/win-stay-dvd/|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref> ''[[Poltergeist (2015 film)|Poltergeist]]'' (which [[Fox 2000 Pictures]] co-produced) and ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'' have been released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] by its home video output via [[20th Century Home Entertainment|20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]]. Others, such as ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit trilogy]]'', ''[[Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters]]'', ''[[G.I. Joe: Retaliation]]'', ''[[Hercules (2014 film)|Hercules]]'', ''[[Hot Tub Time Machine 2]]'', ''[[Tomb Raider (film)|Tomb Raider]]'', ''[[Creed (film)|Creed I]]'' and ''[[Creed II|II]]'', ''[[21 Jump Street (film)|21]]'' and ''[[22 Jump Street]]'', ''[[Ben-Hur (2016 film)|Ben-Hur]]'', ''[[Sherlock Gnomes]]'' and ''[[The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)|The Magnificent Seven]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Block|first=Alan Ben|title=MGM Quarterly Results Best Expectations After 'Skyfall,' 'Hobbit'|date=16 May 2013|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mgm-quarterly-results-best-expectations-524094|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref> have been released by the home video output of the co-distributor—in these cases, [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] (which MGM's catalog is currently handled by), [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] and [[Sony Pictures Home Entertainment]] respectively.

In 2011, MGM launched the "MGM Limited Edition Collection", a manufactured-on-demand (MOD) DVD service that issues unreleased and out-of-print titles from the MGM-owned library.<ref>{{cite web|title=MGM on MOD: The MGM Limited Edition Collection | work=Entertainment |url=http://social.entertainment.msn.com/movies/blogs/videodrone-blogpost.aspx?post=93fbd064-3428-4033-9831-964260f9dfeb |access-date=18 April 2011 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319010958/http://social.entertainment.msn.com/movies/blogs/videodrone-blogpost.aspx?post=93fbd064-3428-4033-9831-964260f9dfeb |archive-date=19 March 2012 }}</ref> Its releases are sold through the [[Warner Archive Collection]].<ref name="Warner Archive">{{cite news|title=MOD Movies for Intrepid Cineastes|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303425504577351841287690920|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=26 December 2012}}</ref>

On April 14, 2011, Fox's deal distributing the MGM library was extended through 2016.<ref name="Deadline 2011-4-14">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=2011-04-14 |title=MGM Re-Ups DVD Deal With Fox Through 2016 |url=https://deadline.com/2011/04/mgm-re-ups-dvd-deal-with-fox-through-2016-122936/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> On June 27, 2016, Fox's distribution deal with MGM was renewed until June 30, 2020.<ref name="Deadline 2016-6-27">{{Cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=2016-06-27 |title=MGM & 20th Century Fox Renew Home Entertainment Deal |url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/mgm-fox-home-entertainment-deal-james-bond-rocky-1201780139/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== 2019–present ===
With the [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|acquisition of Fox's parent company 21st Century Fox]] by [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] on March 20, 2019, MGM announced in their 2019 report that it would not renew its deal with Fox, and would search for a new distributor afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web |title= 2019 report|url=https://d20qidnmpnrwiu.cloudfront.net/cdn/ff/2EkRrs42qi5_owbYV38OTEhAVmft8wf4qe0Gy3rzkcU/1585084775/public/2020-03/YE%202019%20Financial%20Report.pdf |access-date=2025-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724195631/https://d20qidnmpnrwiu.cloudfront.net/cdn/ff/2EkRrs42qi5_owbYV38OTEhAVmft8wf4qe0Gy3rzkcU/1585084775/public/2020-03/YE%202019%20Financial%20Report.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-24 }}</ref> In the studio's 2020 financial report, MGM named [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] as their new home media distributor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 report |url=https://d20qidnmpnrwiu.cloudfront.net/cdn/ff/6JmGPNAv-9qNX5xAK5uYFF12m62glYVtdG_7rG6V9yg/1597354452/public/2020-08/Q2%202020%20Financial%20Report.pdf |access-date=2023-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127021120/https://d20qidnmpnrwiu.cloudfront.net/cdn/ff/6JmGPNAv-9qNX5xAK5uYFF12m62glYVtdG_7rG6V9yg/1597354452/public/2020-08/Q2%202020%20Financial%20Report.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-27 }}</ref> However, the transfer does not include co-production films outside Warner Bros. such as ''Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters'' and ''Hercules'' (both owned by [[Paramount Pictures]]) as well as remakes to ''[[Poltergeist (2015 film)|Poltergeist]]'' (owned by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] through [[20th Century Studios]]), ''[[Ben-Hur (2016 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' (also owned by [[Paramount Pictures]]), and ''[[The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)|The Magnificent Seven]]'' (owned by Sony Pictures through Columbia Pictures). On May 26, 2021, it was officially announced that MGM would be acquired by [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] for $8.45 billion, subject to regulatory approvals and other routine closing conditions; with MGM continuing to operate as a label under Amazon, but leaving the future of the physical home video releases of its titles other than its current distribution deal with [[Studio Distribution Services]] and several third-party boutique labels in question.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |title=Amazon Said to Make $9 Billion Offer for MGM
|url=https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/amazon-mgm-acquisition-talks-9-billion-1234975168/ |access-date=May 17, 2021 |work=Variety |date=May 17, 2021|language=en}}</ref> The merger was finalized on March 17, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maas |first=Jennifer |date=2022-03-17 |title=Amazon Closes $8.5 Billion Acquisition of MGM |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/amazon-mgm-merger-close-1235207852/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Catalog and distribution deals ==
Currently in the United States and Canada, MGM's catalog is distributed by [[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment|Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] through [[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment#Studio Distribution Services, LLC|Studio Distribution Services]], a joint venture between Warner Bros. and [[Universal Pictures Home Entertainment|Universal]] that was first announced on January 14, 2020, later revealing the name on April 23, 2021,<ref>{{cite web |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title=Universal & Warner Bros. Form Home Entertainment Joint Venture |url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/universal-warner-bros-form-home-entertainment-joint-venture-1202831261/ |website=Deadline |access-date=15 January 2020 |language=en |date=15 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hunt|first=Bill|date=April 23, 2021|title=BILL'S ON THE LATEST HOME THEATER UNITED PODCAST, PLUS AN APPLE DIGITAL PURCHASE LAWSUIT & WARNER AND UNIVERSAL COMBINE THEIR PHYSICAL MEDIA OPERATIONS|url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/042321-1400|access-date=May 6, 2021|website=thedigitalbits.com}}</ref> and marketed by Warner Bros., with Warner Bros. also handling distribution internationally. Warner Bros. already owns and distributes MGM's pre-May 1986 library (besides ''[[Electric Dreams (film)|Electric Dreams]]'' as that was produced by [[Virgin Films|Virgin]] and released through [[MGM/UA Entertainment Co.]] in the US and Asia and 20th Century Fox elsewhere) through their ownership of [[Turner Entertainment Co.]], but the former began a distribution deal with the latter for its remaining catalog titles and select [[United Artists Releasing|UAR]] releases when the latter left [[20th Century Home Entertainment|20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]] – a prior distribution deal that began in 1999<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-22-fi-48964-story.html|title=Fox, MGM in Overseas Pact|date=June 22, 1999|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=May 23, 2023}}</ref> – on June 30, 2020, and Universal distributed some of UAR's other releases beginning with ''[[Operation Finale]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=24062|title=Operation Finale Blu-ray|via=www.blu-ray.com}}</ref> on December 4, 2018, and ended with ''[[Licorice Pizza]]''. MGM also licenses out some of its film and television library to [[Kino Lorber]], [[the Criterion Collection]], [[Shout! Studios]], [[Vinegar Syndrome]], [[Visual Entertainment Inc.]], [[Twilight Time (home video label)|Twilight Time]], [[Arrow Films]], [[Severin Films]], Olive Films and Sandpiper Pictures in addition to handling home media releases of its [[Manufacture-on-demand]] titles through Allied Vaughn. [[Max (streaming service)|Max]] handles the streaming rights to the pre-May 1986 library, while [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[MGM+]] handle the streaming rights to the post-May 1986 library.

Many of [[Orion Pictures]]' films since its revival have been released through various third-party companies rather than through MGM/Fox. For example, the remake of ''[[The Town That Dreaded Sundown (2014 film)|The Town That Dreaded Sundown]]'' was released by [[Image Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gingold|first=Michael|title=DVD/Blu-ray dates/info/covers: "SPRING," Artsploitation overseas horrors, "TOWN THAT DREADED SUNDOWN," etc.|date=16 April 2015|magazine=[[Fangoria]]|url=https://www.fangoria.com/new/dvdblu-ray-datescovers-spring-artsploitation-overseas-horrors-town-that-dreaded-sundown-etc/|access-date=16 May 2015|archive-date=24 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524080901/http://www.fangoria.com/new/dvdblu-ray-datescovers-spring-artsploitation-overseas-horrors-town-that-dreaded-sundown-etc/|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, 20th Century Fox, and later on Warner Bros. (via SDS, LLC.) would handle home video distribution of Orion's movies released through UAR.

=== Current distribution deals ===
* Studio Distribution Services
** [[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment]] (1990–1999; 2020–present) for the MGM library, including its post-April 1986 films; MGM's pre-May 1986 library and pre-1950 Warner Bros. library remains with Warner Bros. through Turner Entertainment Co.
* Allied Vaughn ([[Manufacture-on-demand]] releases only)

=== Past distribution deals ===
* [[Sony Pictures Home Entertainment]] (2005–2006) (worldwide)
* [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]] (1999–2005) (internationally), 2006–2019 (worldwide)
* [[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment]] (2019–2020) (worldwide) (as a result of [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|Disney's acquisition of 20th Century Fox]])
* Studio Distribution Services
** [[Universal Pictures Home Entertainment]] (2018–2022) (worldwide)
* Deuce Entertainment (2021–2022) ([[Dollar store]] DVD releases only)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Amazon MGM Studios}}
{{Region 1 home video}}
{{Region 3 home video}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mgm Home Entertainment}}
[[Category:Home video companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Home video distributors]]
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies based in California]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2010]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in the 1970s]]
[[Category:1970s establishments in California]]
[[Category:Amazon MGM Studios]]

Child's Play (1972 film)

2025-06-14T10:19:09Z

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{{Short description|1972 film by Sidney Lumet}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Child's Play
| image = Childs play poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Stage play: [[Robert Marasco]] Screenplay: Leon Prochnik
| starring = [[James Mason]] [[Robert Preston (actor)|Robert Preston]] [[Beau Bridges]]
| director = [[Sidney Lumet]]
| producer = [[David Merrick]]
| distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| cinematography = Gerald Hirschfeld
| editing = Joanne Burke Edward Warschilka
| released = {{Film date|1972|12|12}}
| runtime = 100 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
}}

'''''Child's Play''''' is a 1972 American [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]-[[mystery film]] directed by [[Sidney Lumet]]. It stars [[James Mason]], [[Robert Preston (actor)|Robert Preston]] and [[Beau Bridges]]. The screenplay by Leon Prochnik is based on the [[Child's Play (play)|1970 play of the same title]] by [[Robert Marasco]].

==Plot==
The film centers on the rivalry between two faculty members at St. Charles, an exclusive Catholic [[boarding school]] for boys. Joe Dobbs is an easy-going, well-liked [[English language|English]] teacher, while [[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]] instructor Jerome Malley is feared and hated by his students. Malley is caring for his dying mother, and his stress is exacerbated by a series of threatening phone calls and written notes he receives. He's certain Dobbs is the source, but his caustic personality prevents him from winning any sympathy or support. Into the fray comes Paul Reis, a former student who has been hired to teach physical education, and he soon finds his loyalty torn between Dobbs and Malley, as he becomes increasingly aware of the latter's personal torments.

==Cast==
* [[James Mason]] as Jerome Malley
* [[Robert Preston (actor)|Robert Preston]] as Joseph Dobbs
* [[Beau Bridges]] as Paul Reis
* [[Ron Weyand]] as Father Frank Mozian
* [[Charles White (actor)|Charles White]] as Father William Griffin
* [[David Rounds]] as Father George Penny
* [[Kate Harrington]] as Mrs. Carter
* [[Brian Chapin]] as O'Donnell
* [[Bryant Fraser]] as Jennings
* [[Tom Leopold]] as Shea
* [[Christopher Man (actor)|Christopher Man]] as Travis
* [[Paul O'Keefe]] as Freddie Banks

==Production==
[[Marlon Brando]] originally signed for the role of Joseph Dobbs, but dropped out of the film when he realized [[James Mason]] had the better role. He was replaced by [[Robert Preston (actor)|Robert Preston]], and first-time film producer [[David Merrick]] sued Brando for breach of contract.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Marlon-portrait-rebel-as-artist/dp/0394487281 ''Marlon: Portrait of the Rebel as an Artist'' by Bob Thomas, published by Random House (1973)] {{ISBN|0-394-48728-1}}</ref>

The [[Paramount Pictures]] release was filmed at Marymount Secondary School in Tarrytown, New York. Students from [[Archbishop Stepinac High School]] in White Plains, New York served as extras on the film.

==Critical reception==
[[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars out of 4 and wrote "'Child’s Play,' which is beautifully acted and very nicely directed, doesn't seem to know whether it’s really about the supernatural or not ... the entire movie is set up to suggests supernatural overtones, so when we get a rather conventional, Freudian, ending, we’re disappointed. The original fault lies with Robert Marasco's Broadway play, I suppose. But it could have been fixed for the movie."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/childs-play-1973 |title=Child's Play |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=May 15, 1973 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |accessdate=May 7, 2019 }}</ref>

[[Vincent Canby]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "With the exception of the performance of Mr. Mason, who is fine as the mad, exhausted Latin teacher, everything in 'Child's Play' seems to be rather cheaply tricky — such as the low-range photography and floor lighting designed to throw faces into eerie relief. In a more thoughtful film, the screen play and the performances might have been expected to create the sense of true menace and mystery. Even more irritating is the soundtrack, full of ominous clicking noises that are so loud and so resonant that one can't believe that the characters inside the film can't hear them, too."<ref>Canby, Vincent (December 13, 1972). "Screen: Weird Pupils of 'Child's Play'". ''The New York Times''. 58.</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' called the film "a taut and suspenseful drama," further stating that "Sidney Lumet's direction catches the mood and spirit of an unhealthy situation and he makes every move count," and Mason gives a "solid performance."<ref>"Film Review: Child's Play". ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. December 6, 1972. 20.</ref>

[[Gene Siskel]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' rated the film 2 stars out of 4 and wrote "Because the look of the film is so artificial, and because the guilty party can be only one person — the only one with a genuine motive — 'Child's Play' is a small disaster as both horror story and mystery."<ref>Siskel, Gene (May 18, 1973). "Of jungle gyms and soggy freaks..." ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. Section 2, p. 3.</ref>

A positive review from [[Charles Champlin]] of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' called the film "a superior [[psychological thriller]]" that "works a few mild deceptions on the audience to achieve its ends, but no one is likely to care very much. Getting there is all the scary pleasure." Champlin added that "Mason's performance, in its power and also in its subtle shifting, ranks with the best portrayals in his long, impressive career."<ref>Champlin, Charles (December 11, 1972). "Boarding School Teems With Evil". ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Part IV, p. 1, 27.</ref>

Gary Arnold of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' wrote "In a better play or movie we might have learned what makes one man despise another so intensely that he thinks he's justified in destroying him. In 'Child's Play' we get a load of ominous, evil-minded humbug, a vicious dumb show with schoolboys acting like zombie killers, constantly lurking in the shadows and inflicting nasty accidents."<ref>Arnold, Gary (February 3, 1973). "Menacing 'Play'". ''[[The Washington Post]]''. E9.</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Film}}
* [[List of American films of 1972]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0068369|Child's Play}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|childs_play_1972}}

{{Sidney Lumet}}

[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:1970s mystery drama films]]
[[Category:American mystery drama films]]
[[Category:American films based on plays]]
[[Category:Paramount Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sidney Lumet]]
[[Category:Films scored by Michael Small]]
[[Category:Films set in boarding schools]]
[[Category:Films set in New York City]]
[[Category:1972 drama films]]
[[Category:1970s English-language films]]
[[Category:1970s American films]]
[[Category:English-language mystery drama films]]

Template:Sidney Lumet

2025-06-14T10:13:43Z

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{{Navbox
| name = Sidney Lumet
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}}
| title = Films directed by [[Sidney Lumet]]
| listclass = hlist
| aboveclass = hlist
| nowrapitems = yes

| above =
* [[Sidney Lumet filmography|Filmography]]
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Sidney Lumet|Awards and nominations]]

| group1 = Feature films
| list1 =
* ''[[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Stage Struck (1958 film)|Stage Struck]]'' (1958)
* ''[[That Kind of Woman]]'' (1959)
* ''[[The Fugitive Kind]]'' (1960)
* ''[[A View from the Bridge (film)|A View from the Bridge]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night (1962 film)|Long Day's Journey into Night]]'' (1962)
* ''[[The Pawnbroker (film)|The Pawnbroker]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Fail Safe (1964 film)|Fail Safe]]'' (1964)
* ''[[The Hill (1965 film)|The Hill]]'' (1965)
* ''[[The Group (film)|The Group]]'' (1966)
* ''[[The Deadly Affair]]'' (1966)
* ''[[Bye Bye Braverman]]'' (1968)
* ''[[The Sea Gull]]'' (1968)
* ''[[The Appointment (film)|The Appointment]]'' (1969)
* ''[[King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Last of the Mobile Hot Shots]]'' (1970)
* ''[[The Anderson Tapes]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Child's Play (1972 film)|Child's Play]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Offence]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Serpico]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Lovin' Molly]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Dog Day Afternoon]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Network (1976 film)|Network]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Equus (film)|Equus]]'' (1977)
* ''[[The Wiz (film)|The Wiz]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Just Tell Me What You Want]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Prince of the City]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Deathtrap (film)|Deathtrap]]'' (1982)
* ''[[The Verdict]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Daniel (1983 film)|Daniel]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Garbo Talks]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Power (1986 film)|Power]]'' (1986)
* ''[[The Morning After (1986 film)|The Morning After]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Running on Empty (1988 film)|Running on Empty]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Family Business (1989 film)|Family Business]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Q & A (film)|Q & A]]'' (1990)
* ''[[A Stranger Among Us]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Guilty as Sin]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Night Falls on Manhattan]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Critical Care (film)|Critical Care]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Gloria (1999 American film)|Gloria]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Find Me Guilty]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Before the Devil Knows You're Dead]]'' (2007)

| group2 = Television
| list2 =
* ''[[Beyond This Place (DuPont Show of the Month)|Beyond This Place]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates (film)|Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates]]'' (1958)
* ''[[All the King's Men (Kraft Television Theatre)|All the King's Men]]'' (1958)
*''[[Three by Tennessee]]'' (1958)
*''[[The Count of Monte Cristo (1958 film)|The Count of Monte Cristo]]'' (1958)
* ''[[The Dybbuk (The Play of the Week)|The Dybbuk]]'' (1960)
* ''[[The Iceman Cometh (The Play of the Week)|The Iceman Cometh]]'' (1960)
* ''[[Sacco-Vanzetti Story]]'' (1960)
*''[[Rashomon (1960 film)|Rashomon]]'' (1960)
* ''[[100 Centre Street]]'' (2001–02)
* ''[[Strip Search (film)|Strip Search]]'' (2004)

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:American film director navigational boxes|Lumet, Sidney]]
</noinclude>

Pacific Data Images

2025-06-08T02:22:38Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Defunct American computer animation and visual effects production company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = PDI/DreamWorks
| logo = Pacific Data Images PDI logo.svg
| logo_caption = Final logo used from 2000 to 2015
| image = Dreamworksanimation.jpg
| founder = Carl Rosendahl
| num_employees = 450 (January 2015)<ref>{{cite news|title=PDI/DreamWorks Closing; Half Of Staff Laid Off|url=https://deadline.com/2015/01/pdidreamworks-closing-dreamworks-animation-layoffs-1201356039/|newspaper=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 22, 2015}}</ref>
| fate = Closed
| successor = [[DreamWorks Animation]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1980|8|13}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Rosendahl|first=Carl|title=PDI 40th Anniversary Message|date=August 13, 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_kSxI7hUTg}}</ref>
| defunct = {{end date and age|2015|1|22}}
| parent = [[DreamWorks Animation]] (2000–2015)
| location_city = [[Redwood City, California]]
| location_country = United States
| image_caption = Former PDI/DreamWorks headquarters at Redwood City's Pacific Shores Center before the company moved in 2012 to larger facilities in another building in the same office complex.
| trading_name = PDI
| former_name = Pacific Data Images (1980–2000)
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Film industry|Film]]
}}
'''Pacific Data Images''' ('''PDI''') was an American [[computer animation]] and [[visual effects]] [[production company]] based in [[Redwood City]], California, that was bought by [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks SKG]] in 2000. It was renamed '''PDI/DreamWorks''' and was owned by [[DreamWorks Animation]].

Founded in 1980 by Carl Rosendahl, PDI was one of the pioneers of computer animation,<ref name="FMXCarlRosendahl" /> it produced more than 700 commercials, contributed visual effects to more than 70 feature films, and produced and contributed to many of DreamWorks Animation's films, beginning with DreamWorks's first film, ''[[Antz]]'' in 1998. PDI's final animated film before its closure on January 22, 2015, was ''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]'', released on November 26, 2014.<ref name="SFBTAntzAimsTopHill" /><ref name="VarietyCutting500" /><ref>{{cite web|last=McCracken|first=Harry|title=R.I.P. PDI, The Company That Helped Turn Computer Graphics Into Art|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3041376/rip-pdi-the-company-which-helped-turn-computer-graphics-into-art|publisher=Fast Company|access-date=April 27, 2020|date=January 23, 2015}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Carl Rosendahl 2009.jpg|thumb|PDI's founder Carl Rosendahl in 2009]]

=== 1980–1987: early years ===
PDI was founded in 1980 by Carl Rosendahl with a $25,000 loan from his father. He was joined in 1981 by Richard Chuang,<ref name="AWNChuangSecondSciTech" /> and in 1982 by Glenn Entis. Richard and Glenn wrote the foundation of the in-house computer animation software that was to be used for the next two decades. They started work on 3D software at 1981's end, and 3D production started in fall 1982. The initial goal of the company was "Entertainment using 3D computer animation".

The first computer at PDI was a [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] [[PDP 11|PDP 11/44]], with 128 kilobytes of memory. This was a lot of memory, given that the computer had only 64 kilobytes (16-bits) of address space. It had a 20 megabyte disc. Attached was a $65,000 [[framebuffer]] that had a resolution of 512×512 and was 32 bits deep.

The first 3D image rendered at PDI was done March 12, 1982.<ref name="25years" /> The image was simply a 4 by 4 by 4 grid of spheres of varying colors. The spheres were not polygonal; they were implicitly rendered and were fully anti-aliased. The resulting image was 512 by 480 by 24 (8 bits for red, green and blue channels), which took two minutes to render.

The PDP-11 was soon replaced by a DEC [[VAX-11/780]], and PDI shifted to another superminicomputer called the Ridge 32 from [[Ridge Computers]]. This machine was 2-to-4 times faster than the VAX-11/780, at a fraction of the cost.<ref name="carlsonbook-chp6"/>

The original in-house software evolved to a large suite of tools that included a polygon scan-line renderer (called p2r), an interactive animation program (called e-motion), an animation scripting and scene-description language (called script), and a lighting tool (called led). All of these tools were written in C and deployed on a variety of machines running various flavors of Unix.

The initial investment to start the company was {{Inflation|US|250,000|1980|fmt=eq|r=-3|orig=yes}}.<ref name="25years" /> Its original offices were in [[Sunnyvale, California|Sunnyvale]], California, working from a garage owned by Carl's father. PDI moved to its first real offices in 1985, to its second offices in 1995, and to its last location in [[Redwood City]] at the [[Pacific Shores Center]] in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2002/2002_09_06.burke06.html|title = An animated woman (September 06, 2002)}}</ref><ref name="25years" /> The growth of the company was financed solely through profit. The company was run as an [[Open-book accounting|open book]]; monthly financial reviews were shared with the entire company, and a detailed monthly financial report was released. Money was never taken out of the company, which maintained a 7% investment in research and development. PDI was debt-free when acquired by DreamWorks in 2000.

Pacific Data Images's first client was [[Rede Globo]], Brazil's largest TV network, owned by [[Grupo Globo]] through its current Globo division.<ref name="25years" /> This gave PDI the major client it needed to fund the creation of most of its early software. This also sent PDI into the business of TV motion graphics and logo animation. PDI designed some early show openings and other special projects for Rede Globo. The software written was also given to Rede Globo and is the only time the in-house software was given to another company. The contract ended in the mid-1980s, but Rede Globo continued to use the software until 1989.

Most of the 1980s were spent creating [[Station identification#Television|broadcast graphics]] for many television networks around the world. PDI was working concurrently for [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[A&E (TV network)|A&E]] [[CBS]], [[NBC]], [[HBO]], [[Cinemax]], [[MTV]], [[PBS]], [[VH1]], [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]], [[WWOR-TV|WOR-TV]], [[Nine Network|Nine Network Australia]], [[Sky One]], [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] and [[USA Network]].<ref name="25years" /> PDI focused on direct-to-video production, as opposed to film output being done at other early studios. PDI modified the interface to a Sony BVH-2000 using parts put together from a trip to a toy store to do single-frame recording. All the rendering was done on [[Field (video)|fields]] at 60 or 50 frames per second (depending on the video broadcasting standard used locally).

As one of the first mass producers of computer animation, Pacific Data Images controlled a large percentage of this market during this time. One year producing two major networks' graphics packages meant specifically rendered images for over 400 local television stations. Some of the early production contracts included [[TV Globo|Globo]], ''Entertainment Tonight'' (produced for Harry Marks), ABC Sports 84 Olympic promos, and NBC News.<ref name="Pacific">{{cite web | last=Carlson | first=Wayne | url=https://excelsior.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~carlson/history/tree/pdi.html | title=Pacific Data Images (PDI) | publisher=[[Ohio State University]] | access-date=June 27, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134916/http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tree/pdi.html | archive-date=August 11, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Pacific Data Images worked with [[Atari, Inc.|Atari]], also in Sunnyvale, in the early 1980s on a couple of projects. In 1982, Rosendahl was hired to set up and calibrate Atari's computer animation [[film recorder]] system that would be used for video game footage in ''[[Superman III]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wright|first1=Steve|title=Steve Wright Digital FX {{!}} Steve's Atari Days|url=https://swdfx.com/features-sp-916/atari-sp-355|website=www.swdfx.com|language=en-gb|access-date=March 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601041038/http://www.swdfx.com/index.php/features-sp-916/atari-sp-355|archive-date=June 1, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Pacific Data Images proposed a feature-length CG animation film in 1985, but they were unable to raise the funding needed to produce it.

Pacific Data Images outlived all the other computer graphics studios that existed in the early 1980s. One of the reasons for this is that PDI never went into significant debt by purchasing expensive hardware. While other studios purchased or leased [[supercomputers]], PDI bought cheaper hardware, treating it as a commodity which would soon be replaced, enabling lower operating costs.

=== 1987–1990: transition ===
Pacific Data Images's early focus was on network TV productions, for they captured more than 50% of that market in 1985.<ref name="Pacific" /> However, in 1990, PDI introduced the digital film scanning process. This process was used to popularize automated rig removal and image touch-up. PDI was also instrumental in introducing performance animation for theme parks, ads and movies. This started with a joint project in 1988 with [[Jim Henson's Creature Shop]] on a real-time performance character named Waldo C. Graphic for ''[[The Jim Henson Hour]]'' (1989).<ref>{{cite web|last=Failes|first=Ian|title=Re-visiting Waldo|url=https://beforesandafters.com/2019/08/24/re-visiting-waldo/|website=beforesandafters.com|access-date=April 26, 2020|date=August 24, 2019}}</ref>

During these years of transition, Pacific Data Images moved away from the motion graphics market, and focused its attention on commercials and 3D visual effects for feature films. Noted for its commercials for the first [[Pillsbury Doughboy]] created with [[computer graphics]].<ref name="Pacific" /> Pillsbury was the first company to move an established icon to [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]].<ref name="AWNChuangSecondSciTech" /> Previously, animated commercials with stop-motion include the "[[Bud Bowl]]" and "[[Scrubbing Bubbles]]" spots.

Early in the 1990s, Thaddeus Beier and Shawn Neely developed a method for [[morphing]] that resulted in a more natural and expressive morph. The technique is called "feature-based morphing".<ref>{{cite web | last1=Beiber | first1=Thaddeus | last2=Neely | first2=Shawn | url=http://www.hammerhead.com/thad/morph.html | title=Feature-Based Image Metamorphosis | publisher=hammerhead.com | access-date=June 27, 2011}}</ref> Pacific Data Images used this technology to create various well-known sequences, including the [[Exxon]] car-into-tiger morph and the extended morph at the end of the "[[Black or White]]" music video by [[Michael Jackson]]. These morphing jobs were easy to do with PDI's software, and the effect was in high demand. The algorithms invented by Beier and Neely were published at the annual [[SIGGRAPH]] conference, and are now the basis of most image morphing tools. For many people, their first exposure to these algorithms was the [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]] [[IRIX]] software called "Elastic Reality". PDI also did the opening sequence for the 1990s revival of the classic game show, ''[[Let's Make a Deal]]''.

Pacific Data Images broke into the feature film visual effects business with contributions to ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|Terminator 2]],'' ''[[Toys (film)|Toys]]'', ''[[Angels in the Outfield (1994 film)|Angels in the Outfield]]'', ''[[Batman Forever]]'' and ''[[The Arrival (1996 film)|The Arrival]]''. At the time, the strengths of PDI included character animation, lip synch, rendering effects, the aforementioned rig removal and cleanup, and performance animation.

During this era, Pacific Data Images transitioned from the Ridge32 computer to [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]] workstations, running [[IRIX]].{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} They were not alone in this transition, for most of the industry followed suit.

=== 1990–1995: character animation ===
In early 1990, [[Tim Johnson (film director)|Tim Johnson]] and [[Rex Grignon]] officially formed Pacific Data Images's Character Animation Group, with the mandate to develop a group of artists with the creative and technical skills needed to produce a feature-length [[Computer-generated imagery|computer-generated]] film. The group originally consisted of Johnson, Grignon, [[Raman Hui]], [[Glenn McQueen]], Beth Hofer, Dick Walsh, Karen Schneider and [[Eric Darnell]]. Under this group, PDI's commercial character animation skills grew, and numerous notable short films were produced. Among these are ''Gas Planet'' (1992), ''Sleepy Guy'' (1994), ''Brick-a-Brac'' (1995), ''Gabola the Great'' (1997), ''Fishing'' (1999) and ''Fat Cat on a Diet'' (1999).

This character group set the company in a new direction that set the basis for development goals during this period. The short films were a way to develop animation techniques, as well as being a test for software and pipeline procedures and flow.

Pacific Data Images allowed animators to pursue individual products and shorts. This produced several award-winning short films in this category. Some of the more notable productions are ''[[Opéra Industriel]]'' (1986), ''Chromosaurus'', ''Cosmic Zoom'' (1985), ''Burning Love'' (1988) and ''Locomotion'' (1989).<ref name="Pacific" />

By 1992, Pacific Data Images was looking for a partner to produce feature-length animated films. In the meantime, the company (with help from [[Lucasfilm]]'s [[Industrial Light & Magic]]) worked on the 1991 TV special, ''[[The Last Halloween]]'', for [[Hanna-Barbera|Hanna-Barbera Productions]], which won an [[Emmy Awards|Emmy Award]] for the computer-generated characters in the otherwise live-action special. This became PDI's first 3D Character Animation pipeline. Using this pipeline, they created a 3D stereo [[Daffy Duck]] for [[Warner Bros.]], and a CG [[Homer Simpson|Homer]] and [[Bart Simpson]] for the "Homer3" segment of the 1995 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode, "[[Treehouse of Horror VI]]".

The result of these projects was a movie deal with [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks SKG]] in 1995 to make the movie ''[[Antz]]''. At this time, DreamWorks purchased a 40% share of PDI.

Glen Entis left PDI for the game industry in 1995, joining [[Danger Close Games|DreamWorks Interactive]] as CEO. When [[Electronic Arts]] purchased DreamWorks Interactive, he moved to their Vancouver office to set up its next-generation games research group. He is a founding board member of Los Angeles's Digital Coast Roundtable, and is chairman of the [[Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences]].

=== 1995–2015: feature films and closure ===
Pacific Data Images's first feature film, ''[[Antz]]'', was released by [[DreamWorks Pictures]] October 2, 1998. This was followed by ''[[Shrek]]'' May 18, 2001.

After the success of ''Antz'', [[Sega]] contacted the company to create a series of commercials for a marketing campaign for the launch of the [[Sega Dreamcast]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Creators of Award-Winning Feature Film Antz, to Develop Sega Dreamcast Television ADS|url=https://segaretro.org/Press_release:_1999-08-24:_Sega_Taps_PDI,_Creators_of_Award-Winning_Feature_Film_Antz,_to_Develop_Sega_Dreamcast_Television_ADS|access-date=January 6, 2024}}</ref> in 2000, Carl Rosendahl sold his remaining interest in PDI to DreamWorks. PDI was renamed '''PDI/DreamWorks''' and continued to operate as a stand-alone business unit.<ref>{{cite news|title=DreamWorks SKG Agrees to Buy Pacific Data Images|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-feb-15-me-64440-story.html|access-date=September 21, 2011|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=February 15, 2000}}</ref> Rosendahl left PDI in February 2000 to become managing director for Mobius Venture Capital, where he focused on investments in the technology and media companies.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=Rosendahl sits in as iVast Chair|url=https://variety.com/2002/more/news/rosendahl-sits-in-as-ivast-chair-1117861755/|access-date=February 25, 2017|work=Variety|date=March 3, 2002}}</ref><ref name="FMXCarlRosendahl">{{cite web|title=Carl Rosendahl, Carnegie Mellon's Entertainment Technology Center, Associate Professor|url=https://fmx.de/en/program2014/speaker/761|publisher=FMX|access-date=February 25, 2017}}</ref> In May 2001, the sale essentially united the two studios, PDI and DreamWorks, into a single entity that went public a few years later as [[DreamWorks Animation]] (DWA). PDI stopped making commercials and visual effects for live-action films in 2002. Animators at PDI worked on projects based at the PDI studio, but they also assisted in DWA projects based in the Glendale DWA studio.

By the time Pacific Data Images reached its 25th anniversary in 2005, it had completed more than 1,000 projects, and grown to more than 400 employees.

In 2008, Richard Chuang, the last of the founding three, left the company to pursue his own ventures.<ref name="AWNChuangSecondSciTech">{{cite press release|title=PDI Founder Richard Chuang Wins Second Academy Sci-Tech Award|author=Cogswell College|url=https://www.awn.com/news/pdi-founder-richard-chuang-wins-second-academy-sci-tech-award|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=February 25, 2017|date=February 26, 2016}}</ref>

In July 2012, PDI/DreamWorks moved to a larger office building with about {{convert|200000|ft2|m2}} of interior space in the same office complex at Pacific Shores Center.<ref name="Verrier">{{cite news |last1=Verrier |first1=Richard |title=DreamWorks Animation opens new facility in Redwood City |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-xpm-2012-jul-19-la-et-ct-dreamworks-expansion20120719-story.html |access-date=June 1, 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=July 19, 2012}}</ref> It was about one-third larger than the previous building and featured "an on-site clinic for a doctor’s office and nutritionist, a larger cafe and more outdoor space with gas heaters" to allow for "hanging outside year-round".<ref name="Verrier" />

On January 22, 2015, PDI/DreamWorks was shuttered as part of its parent company's restructuring plans following the box-office underperformance of 2014's ''[[Mr. Peabody & Sherman]]'' and ''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]'', cutting off 500 jobs.<ref name="VarietyCutting500">{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=DreamWorks Animation Cutting 500 Jobs; Dawn Taubin and Mark Zoradi Exiting|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/dreamworks-animation-cutting-500-jobs-takes-290-million-charge-1201412212/|access-date=February 25, 2017|work=Variety|date=January 22, 2015}}</ref>

== Animated films ==
PDI/DreamWorks produced ''[[Antz]]'', ''[[Shrek]],'' ''[[Shrek 2]]'', ''[[Madagascar (2005 film)|Madagascar]]'', ''[[Shrek the Third]]'', ''[[Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa]]'', ''[[Megamind]]'', ''[[Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted]]'', ''[[Mr. Peabody & Sherman]]'' and ''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]''. PDI also did provided additional animation, effects, and lighting support for ''[[Over the Hedge]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strike |first1=Joe |title='Over the Hedge': Making The Leap From Newsprint To Pixels |url=https://www.awn.com/animationworld/over-hedge-making-leap-newsprint-pixels |access-date=24 October 2024 |work=[[Animation World Network]] |date=May 19, 2006}}</ref> along with production services for ''[[Home (2015 film)|Home]]''. With $441.2 million in domestic [[box-office]] ticket sales, ''Shrek 2'' is the [[List of highest-grossing animated films|sixteenth highest-grossing animated film of all time]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl24217089/ |title=Shrek 2 (2004) |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=July 8, 2013}}</ref>

Pacific Data Images won their only [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature|Best Animated Feature Film]] for ''Shrek'' in 2002, which was the first time it was awarded.<ref>{{cite news|title='Shrek' wins for animated feature|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/oscar2002/2002-03-24-shrek.htm#more|access-date=March 29, 2012|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 25, 2002|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

== Technical awards ==
PDI/DreamWorks has won nine [[Academy Scientific and Technical Award|Scientific and Technical Academy Awards]]. The first was awarded in 1994 to Les Dittert, with others, for work in the area of film scanning. The second was awarded to Carl Rosendahl, Richard Chuang and Glenn Entis in 1997 for the concept and architecture of the PDI animation system. This award, in particular, recognized their pioneering work in computer animation, dating back to the founding of PDI 17 years earlier. Nick Foster was given an award in 1998 for PDI's fluid animation system (flu), and in 2002, Dick Walsh was given one for the development of PDI's Facial Animation System.

In 2010, Eric Tabellion and Arnauld Lamorlette were given an award for PDI's [[global illumination]] rendering system first used on ''Shrek 2''. It was the first use of global illumination in an animated feature film, a technique that is commonplace today.<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Scientific and Technical Awards|url=https://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2010|publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|access-date=March 7, 2010|date=February 9, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|title=Illuminating Global Illumination|url=https://www.awn.com/vfxworld/illuminating-global-illumination|access-date=April 27, 2013|newspaper=Animation World Network|date=January 27, 2011}}</ref>

In 2013, Lawrence Kesteloot, Drew Olbrich and Daniel Wexler were given an award for PDI's lighting tool, called "light". The tool was developed in 1996 for PDI's first feature film, ''Antz'', and was used until 2015 at PDI and DreamWorks Animation, 25 films later.<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 Scientific and Technical Awards|url=https://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2012|publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|access-date=April 27, 2013|date=February 9, 2013}}</ref>

In 2015, Scott Peterson, [[Jeff Budsberg]] and Jonathan Gibbs were awarded for the studio's foliage (trees and vegetation) system. The system was first used on ''Shrek''. At the ceremony, Karl Rasche was awarded with engineers from HP for his part in the creation of the "DreamColor" monitor.<ref>{{cite web|title=2015 Scientific and Technical Awards|date=9 February 2015 |url=https://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2015|publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>

Richard Chuang, Rahul Thakkar, Mark Kirk and Stewart Birnam, with DreamWorks engineer Andrew Pilgrim, won a 2016 SciTech technical achievement award for their work on digital movie review systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Scientific and Technical Awards|date=15 February 2016 |url=https://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2016|publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! scope=col | #
! scope=col width=275 | Title
! scope=col | Release date
! scope=col | Budget
! scope=col | Gross
! scope=col | [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
! scope=col | [[Metacritic]]
! scope=col | [[CinemaScore]]
|-
| align="center" | 1 || align="left" | ''[[Antz]]'' || {{dts|1998|10|2}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-25-ca-63459-story.html|title='Antz' Project Speeds From a Crawl to a Scamper|last=BRENNAN|first=JUDITH I.|date=1998-06-25|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2019-01-17|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref>|| $42–105 million || $171 million || 93% (91 reviews)<ref name=rt>{{cite web|url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/antz/ |title=Antz |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |date=2 October 1998 |access-date= January 19, 2019 }}</ref> || 72 (26 reviews)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/antz|title=Antz|work=[[Metacritic]] }}</ref> || {{sort grade|B+}}<ref name="CinemaScore">{{cite web |url= https://cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |title= CinemaScore |access-date= January 19, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |archive-date= December 20, 2018 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | 2 || align="left" | ''[[Shrek]]'' || {{dts|2001|5|18}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/shrek-released|title=Shrek releaseds|website=HISTORY|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>|| $60 million || $484 million || 88% || 84 || {{sort grade|A}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 3 || align="left" | ''[[Shrek 2]]'' || {{dts|2004|5|19}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kxlf.com/cnn-national/2019/01/09/eddie-murphy-fast-facts/|title=Eddie Murphy Fast Facts|date=2019-01-09|website=KXLF.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>|| $150 million || $920 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2007/03/23/news/funny/may_movies/index.htm|title=Get ready for a May box office showdown – Mar. 23, 2007|website=money.cnn.com|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>|| 89% || 75 || {{sort grade|A}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 4 || align="left" | ''[[Madagascar (2005 film)|Madagascar]]'' || {{dts|2005|5|27}}<ref name=sim>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/most-popular-animated-movies-us-box-office-history-951585|title=The 50 highest-grossing animated films in U.S. box office history|last1=Sim|first1=David|first2=Eve|last2= Watling |date=2018-05-31|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>|| $75 million || $533 million || 55% || 57 || {{sort grade|A−}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 5 || align="left" | ''[[Shrek the Third]]''||{{dts|2007|5|18}}<ref name=sim/>|| $160 million || $799 million || 41% || 58 ||{{sort grade|B+}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 6 || align="left" | ''[[Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa]]''||{{dts|2008|11|7}}<ref name=sim/>|| $150 million || $604 million || 64% || 61 ||{{sort grade|A−}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 7 || align="left" | ''[[Megamind]]''||{{dts|2010|11|5}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Megamind|title=Megamind (2010) – Financial Information|website=The Numbers|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>|| $130 million<ref name=":0" />|| $322 million<ref name=":0" />|| 72% || 63 ||{{sort grade|A−}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 8 || align="left" | ''[[Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted]]''||{{dts|2012|6|8}}<ref name=sim/>|| rowspan="2" | $145 million || $747 million || 79% || 60 ||{{sort grade|A}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 9 || align="left" | ''[[Mr. Peabody & Sherman]]''||{{dts|2014|3|7}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/02/20th-century-fox-moves-release-date-for-mr-peabody-sherman-422672/|title='Mr. Peabody & Sherman' Release Date Moved To March 7, 2014|author=|date=5 February 2013|website=Deadline|access-date=17 January 2019}}</ref>|| $275 million || 80% || 59 ||{{sort grade|A}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|-
| align="center" | 10 || align="left" | ''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]''||{{dts|2014|11|26}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/penguins-of-madagascar-release-date-home-1201187374/|title='Home,' 'Penguins of Madagascar' Swap Release Dates|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=2014-05-20|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>|| $132 million || $373 million || 72% (109 reviews)<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/penguins_of_madagascar/ | title=Penguins of Madagascar | work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | date=26 November 2014 | publisher=[[Fandango Media]] | access-date= January 19, 2019 }}</ref>|| 53 (31 reviews)<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/penguins-of-madagascar | title=Penguins of Madagascar Reviews | work=[[Metacritic]] | publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] | access-date=July 11, 2015}}</ref>||{{sort grade|A−}}<ref name="CinemaScore" />
|}

=== Film effects ===
PDI contributed visual effects, animation and other services to the following films:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pacific Data Images – Feature Film Credits |url=http://www.pdi.com/PDIPage/screening/feature_films/featurefilm_credits.html |date=June 6, 1997 |access-date=November 4, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970606103837/http://www.pdi.com/PDIPage/screening/feature_films/featurefilm_credits.html |archive-date=June 6, 1997 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PDI|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b981dfc79|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225210420/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b981dfc79|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 25, 2017|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=February 25, 2017}}</ref>

{{Div col}}
* ''[[Electric Dreams (film)|Electric Dreams]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Scrooged]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]'' (1990) (uncredited)
* ''[[Solar Crisis (film)|Solar Crisis]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country]]'' (1991)
* ''[[The Last Boy Scout]]'' (1991) (digital compositing)
* ''[[Body Parts (film)|Body Parts]]'' (1991) (trailer)
* ''[[Freejack]]'' (1992) (uncredited)
* ''[[Sleepwalkers (1992 film)|Sleepwalkers]]'' (1992)
* ''[[The Babe]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Lethal Weapon 3]]'' (1992) (digital compositing)
* ''[[Batman Returns]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Mo' Money]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Toys (film)|Toys]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Lorenzo's Oil]]'' (1992)
* ''[[RoboCop 3|Robocop 3]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Cliffhanger (film)|Cliffhanger]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Dennis the Menace (1993 film)|Dennis the Menace]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Rookie of the Year (film)|Rookie of the Year]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Heart and Souls]]'' (1993) (Visual effects and title sequence)
* ''[[For Love or Money (1993 film)|For Love or Money]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Freaked]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Carlito's Way]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Lightning Jack]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Beverly Hills Cop III|Beverly Hills Cop 3]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Angels in the Outfield (1994 film)|Angels in the Outfield]]'' (1994)
* ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Airheads]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'' (1994)
* ''[[The River Wild]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Double Dragon (film)|Double Dragon]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Speechless (1994 film)|Speechless]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Batman Forever]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Bushwhacked (film)|Bushwhacked]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Broken Arrow (1996 film)|Broken Arrow]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Executive Decision]]'' (1996)
* ''[[The Arrival (1996 film)|The Arrival]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Eraser (film)|Eraser]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Batman & Robin (film)|Batman and Robin]]'' (1997)
* ''[[A Simple Wish]]'' (1997)
* ''[[The Peacemaker (1997 film)|The Peacemaker]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Forces of Nature (1999 film)|Forces of Nature]]'' (1999)
* ''[[The Out-of-Towners (1999 film)|The Out-Of-Towners]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Supernova (2000 film)|Supernova]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]'' (2000)
* ''[[The Legend of Bagger Vance]]'' (2000)
* ''[[The Road to El Dorado]]'' (2000)
* ''[[The Deep End (film)|The Deep End]]'' (2001)
* ''[[The Mexican]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Evolution (2001 film)|Evolution]]'' (2001)
* ''[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' (2002)
* ''[[People I Know]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas]]'' (2003)
{{Div col end}}

=== Shorts ===
* ''Teddy Bear Maelstrom'' (1983, Glen Entis)
* ''Elephant Bubbles'' (1984, Don Venhaus)
* ''Max Trax'' (1985, Adam Chin)
* ''Botco'' (1985, PDI Staff)
* ''Cosmic Zoom'' (AKA ''Comic Zoom'') (1985, PDI Staff)
* ''Chromosaurus'' (1985, Don Venhaus)
* ''Max's Place'' (1985, Adam Chin)
* ''Happy Drinking Birds'' (1985, Rich Cohen)
* ''[[Opéra Industriel]]'' (1986, Adam Chin, Rich Cohen)
* ''Burning Love'' (1988, Roger Gould, Howard E. Baker)
* ''Locomotion'' (1989, [[Steve Goldberg]])
* ''The Wave'' (1989, Scott Miller)
* ''Slide Show'' (1991, [[Glenn McQueen]])
* ''Frankie & Johnny'' (1991, PDI Staff)
* ''Happy Dog'' (1992, PDI Character Animation Group)
* ''Gas Planet'' (1992, [[Eric Darnell]])
* ''Big Smoke'' (1993, [[Eric Darnell]])
* ''Sleepy Guy'' (1994, [[Raman Hui]])
* ''Brick-a-Brac'' (1995, Cassidy Curtis)
* ''Gabola The Great'' (1997, Tim Cheung)
* ''Basic Insect'' (1998, Marty Sixkiller)
* ''Millennium Bug'' (1998, Lee Lainer)
* ''Fat Cat On a Diet'' (1999, [[Raman Hui]])
* ''Fishing'' (1999, David Gainey)
* ''Metropopular'' (2000, Jonah Hall)
* ''Shrek in the Swamp Karaoke Dance Party'' (2001, PDI Staff)
* ''Sprout'' (2002, Scott B. Peterson) – Final independent work.
* ''Far Far Away Idol'' (2004, PDI Staff)
* ''[[The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper]]'' (2005, [[Gary Trousdale]])
* ''[[Megamind: The Button of Doom]]'' (2011, [[Simon J. Smith]])
* ''Madly Madagascar'' (2013, [[David Soren (animator)|David Soren]])
* ''[[Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)|Rocky & Bullwinkle]]'' (2014, [[Gary Trousdale]])

=== Television specials ===
* ''[[The Last Halloween]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Shrek the Halls]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Merry Madagascar]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Scared Shrekless]]'' (2010)

=== Other work ===
* [[PBS]] logo (Computer Animation) (1989-1993)
* ''[[The Jim Henson Hour]]'' (Computer Animation) (1989)
* ''[[The Last Halloween]]'' (Character Animation) (1991)
* ''[[Muppet*Vision 3D]]'' (1991) (Waldo Character Animation)
* ''[[The Simpsons]]'' [[Treehouse of Horror VI]] (1995) ("Homer3" Segment)
* ''[[Marvin the Martian in the Third Dimension]]'' (1996) (Theme Park Ride/Short Film)
* ''[[Cartoon Sushi]]'' (1997) (Gabola The Great Segment)
* ''[[CyberWorld|Cyberworld 3D]]'' (2000) (IMAX film, ''[[Antz]]'' and ''The Simpsons'' segments)
* ''[[74th Academy Awards]]'' (2002) (Animation for the characters of [[Shrek (character)|Shrek]] and [[Donkey (Shrek)|Donkey]] in the audience during the award for Best Animated Feature)
* ''[[Shrek 4-D]]'' (2003) (Theme Park Ride/Short Film)
* ''[[Madagascar: A Crate Adventure]]'' (2011) (Theme Park Ride) (animated sequences)
* ''[[Home (2015 film)|Home]]'' (2015) (production services)

== See also ==
* [[Pearl Studio]]
* [[DreamWorks Animation]]
* [[Shrek (franchise)|''Shrek'' (franchise)]]
* [[Madagascar (franchise)|''Madagascar'' (franchise)]]
* [[Blue Sky Studios]]
* [[Sony Pictures Imageworks]]
* [[Framestore]]
* [[Industrial Light & Magic]]
* [[DNA Productions]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="carlsonbook-chp6">{{cite book |last=Carlson |first=Wayne E. |author-link= |date= 20 June 2017|title=Computer Graphics and Computer Animation: A Retrospective Overview |chapter=6 |url=https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/graphicshistory/chapter/6-7-pacific-data-images-pdi/ |location= |publisher=Ohio State University |page= |isbn=}}</ref>
<ref name="25years">{{cite web | last=Chuang | first=Richard | url=https://www.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/061115-RichardChuang.pdf | title=25 years of PDI – 1980 to 2005 | publisher=[[Stanford University]] | access-date=June 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225112150/https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/061115-RichardChuang.pdf|archive-date=February 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="SFBTAntzAimsTopHill">{{cite news|last1=Feuerstein|first1=Adam|title='Antz' aims for top of the hill|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/1998/08/31/story5.html|access-date=February 25, 2017|work=San Francisco Business Times|date=August 30, 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001218045700/http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/1998/08/31/story5.html|archive-date=December 18, 2000|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20030725050907/http://pdi.com/}} archived on July 25, 2003
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051606/http://www.dreamworksanimation.com/dwa/opencms/company/history/dreamworks_pdi.html PDI/DreamWorks history] at DreamWorks Animation archived on September 27, 2007

{{DreamWorks animated films}}
{{Animation industry in the United States}}
{{NBCUniversal}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:American animation studios]]
[[Category:DreamWorks Animation]]
[[Category:Film production companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Visual effects companies]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies based in California]]
[[Category:Companies based in Redwood City, California]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1980]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in California]]
[[Category:2000 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1980]]
[[Category:American companies disestablished in 2015]]
[[Category:Defunct film and television production companies of the United States]]

Template:The Amityville Horror

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61.21.156.214:

{{Navbox
|name = The Amityville Horror
|titlestyle = background:lightgrey;
|basestyle = background:#DEDDE2;
|title = ''[[Works based on the Amityville haunting|The Amityville Horror]]''
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|bodyclass = hlist

|group1 = Books
|list1 =
* ''[[The Amityville Horror]]''
* ''[[Murder in Amityville]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Horror Part II]]''
* ''[[Amityville: The Final Chapter]]''
* ''[[Amityville: The Evil Escapes (book)|Amityville: The Evil Escapes]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Curse (novel)|Curse]]''
* ''[[Amityville: The Horror Returns]]''
* ''[[Amityville: The Nightmare Continues]]''
* ''[[High Hopes: The Amityville Murders]]''

|group2 = Films
|list2 =
* ''[[The Amityville Horror (1979 film)|The Amityville Horror]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Amityville II: The Possession]]''
* ''[[Amityville 3-D]]''
* ''[[Amityville 4: The Evil Escapes]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Curse]]''
* ''[[Amityville: It's About Time]]''
* ''[[Amityville: A New Generation]]''
* ''[[Amityville Dollhouse]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Horror (2005 film)|The Amityville Horror]]'' (2005)
* ''[[The Amityville Haunting]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Asylum]]''
* ''[[Amityville Death House]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Playhouse]]''
* ''[[Amityville: Vanishing Point]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Legacy]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Terror]]''
* ''[[Amityville: No Escape]]''
* ''[[Amityville Exorcism]]''
* ''[[Amityville: Evil Never Dies]]''
* ''[[Amityville: The Awakening]]''
* ''[[The Amityville Harvest]]''
* ''[[Amityville Christmas Vacation]]''

|group3 = Authors
|list3 =
* [[Jay Anson]]
* [[Hans Holzer]]
* [[Stephen Kaplan (paranormal investigator)|Stephen Kaplan]]
* [[Harvey Aronson]]

|group4 = Other
|list4 =
* [[Ronald DeFeo Jr.]]
* [[Ed and Lorraine Warren]]
* ''[[The Conjuring 2]]''

| below =
* {{icon|Category}} '''[[:Category:The Amityville Horror|Category]]'''

}}<noinclude>{{documentation|content=
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Horror film series navigational boxes|Amityville Horror]]
}}</noinclude>

Thematic elements

2025-06-07T08:45:03Z

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{{Short description|Films ratings board terminology}}
{{Short description|Elements of possibly objectionable content, in film ratings}}
[[File:Poverty-1274179 960 720.jpg|thumb|Poverty and corruption are common thematic elements in film.]]
[[File:Rahela Ferari, SNP, Novi Sad, 1939.jpg|thumb|Grief and dysfunctional households are also common thematic material.]]
{{More citations needed|date=January 2023}}
"'''Thematic elements'''", or "'''thematic material'''", is a term used by the [[Motion Picture Association]] and other film ratings boards to highlight elements of a film that do not fit into the traditional categories such as violence, sex, drug use, nudity, and language, but may also involve some degree of objectionable content. This rating reason raises a warning to parents and guardians to learn more about a film before they allow their children to view it.<ref name=MPAA/>

In [[Australian Classification Board|Australia]], the term is equivalent to '''"adult themes"''', '''"mature themes"''' or just '''"themes"''' (which has been in use since 2005).<ref>[https://www.classification.gov.au/about-us/media-and-news/news/what-are-themes What are “themes”?] By the [[Australian Classification Board]]. 13 November 2019.</ref>

==Subject matter==
These thematic elements may include [[abortion]], [[addiction]], [[animal cruelty]], [[child abuse]], [[corruption]], [[coming of age|coming-of-age issues]], non-violent crimes, [[death]], [[wikt:defiance|defiance]], [[disability]] (physical and/or [[Autism|mental]]), [[discrimination]], [[disease]], [[driving under the influence]], [[dysfunctional family|dysfunctional families]], [[Dystopia|dystopian societies]], [[disaster]]s, [[Existential crisis|existential crises]], [[gambling]], [[hatred|hate]], [[hazing]], [[homelessness]], [[infidelity]], [[miscarriage]], [[Mental disorder|mental illness]], [[politics]], [[poverty]], [[religion]], [[self-harm]], [[social issue]]s, [[suicide]], [[sexually transmitted infection|STDs]], [[teenage pregnancy]], [[truancy]], [[verbal abuse]], [[war]] and other serious subject matter or mature discussions that some parents and guardians feel may not be appropriate for their young children.<ref name=MPAA>{{cite web|title=Reasons for Movie Ratings (CARA) FAQ|url=https://www.filmratings.com/filmRatings_Cara/#/ratings/faq/|work=|publisher=MPAA|accessdate=30 May 2012}}</ref>

Thematic elements appear in many PG and PG-13-rated [[drama film|drama]]s and, primarily, [[documentary film]]s. In addition, they can also be present in a number of [[animation film|animated]], [[fantasy film|fantasy]] and [[romantic comedy]] films, and as well as [[psychological horror]] and [[supernatural horror film]]s.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{film-term-stub}}

[[Category:Film theory]]

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Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa

2025-06-07T02:03:04Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|American TV series}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=November 2024}}
{{original research|date=November 2024}}
}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Western (genre)|Western]] [[Weird West]]
| creator = [[Ryan Brown (comics)|Ryan Brown]]
| writer = Cliff Ruby (season 1) Elana Lesser (season 1) [[Rich Fogel]] (season 2) Mark Seidenberg (season 2)
| voices = [[Pat Fraley]] [[Jim Cummings]] [[Jeff Bennett]] [[Joe Piscopo]] [[Michael Greer]] Charity James [[Kay Lenz]] Troy Davidson Danny Mann [[Michael Horse]]
| theme_music_composer= [[Billy Dean]] and [[Verlon Thompson]]<ref>{{Cite news|title= Cows Vs. Bandits |publisher= Chicago Tribune|date=September 3, 1992|url= https://www.chicagotribune.com/1992/09/03/cows-vs-bandits/|access-date=August 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://repertoire.bmi.com/title.asp?blnWriter=True&blnPublisher=True&blnArtist=True&keyID=1762985&ShowNbr=0&ShowSeqNbr=0&querytype=WorkID|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118094346/http://repertoire.bmi.com/title.asp?blnWriter=True&blnPublisher=True&blnArtist=True&keyID=1762985&ShowNbr=0&ShowSeqNbr=0&querytype=WorkID|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 18, 2013|title=BMI – Repertoire Search|access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref>
| composer = [[Gordon Goodwin]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 26
| runtime = 23 minutes
| company = [[King World Productions]] [[List of production companies owned by the American Broadcasting Company#Greengrass Productions|Greengrass Productions]] Gunther-Wahl Productions (1992) (season 1) [[Ruby-Spears|Ruby-Spears Enterprises]] (1993) (season 2) [[Living TV Group|Flextech Television]] Mini Mountain Productions
| channel = [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]
| first_aired = {{start date|1992|9|12}}
| last_aired = {{end date|1993|12|4}}
}}
'''''Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa''''' is a 1992 American [[Animated series|animated television series]] created by [[Comic book creator|comic book artist]] [[Ryan Brown (comics)|Ryan Brown]], known for his work on ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''.<ref name=Perlmutter>{{cite book |last1=Perlmutter |first1=David |title=The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows |date=2018 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1538103739 |page=698}}</ref> It aired as part of [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s [[Saturday-morning cartoon|Saturday morning]] lineup.<ref name=Daytime>{{cite book |last1=Hyatt |first1=Wesley |title=The Encyclopedia of Daytime Television |date=1997 |publisher=Watson-Guptill Publications |isbn=978-0823083152 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofda00hyat/page/466/mode/2up|access-date=March 22, 2020|pages=465–466}}</ref>

It was produced by [[List of production companies owned by the American Broadcasting Company#Greengrass Productions|Greengrass Productions]] in association with [[King World Productions]], and was animated by Gunther-Wahl Productions for its first season and [[Ruby-Spears|Ruby-Spears Enterprises]] for its second. At the time of launch, it was the second animated series involving King World Productions to be broadcast (the other was the animated spin-off of ''[[The Little Rascals (animated TV series)|The Little Rascals]]'', which aired on ABC from 1982 to 1984).

First broadcast on September 12, 1992, the show ran for two seasons of thirteen episodes each.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erickson |first1=Hal |title=Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 |date=2005 |edition=2nd |publisher=McFarland & Co |isbn=978-1476665993 |pages=906–908}}</ref>

==Plot==
''Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa'' dealt with a mutation of some kind; an irradiated comet struck the late 19th century [[Great Plains|Western plains]] creating a miles high [[mesa]] shrouded in clouds. Everything trapped on top of the mesa was "cow-metized" by the light from the "cow-met" and "evolved" into a "bovipomorphic" state. Inspired by old tales of the [[American frontier|Wild West]], this new [[Bovinae|bovine]] community developed to the point where they emulated that era's way of life, including the requisite ruffians and corrupt sheriffs. However, their knowledge of Wild West living was limited, and as such, many things about their culture had to be improvised to 'fill in the blanks'. The concepts of [[steampunk]] and [[Weird West]] were utilized throughout its run.

The series focuses on trying to keep justice in the frontier territory. The lawbreakers were too much for the corrupt regulators of Cowtown (namely Mayor Oscar Bulloney and Sheriff Terrorbull) to handle by themselves. Helping them out, whether they wanted it or not, were a group of peacekeepers known as C.O.W.-Boys (the C.O.W. part is short for "Code of the West") led by Marshal Moo Montana and joined by the Dakota Dude and the Cowlorado Kid. Marshal Moo Montana and his deputies had their hands full with several ruffians and outlaw gangs that plagued the otherwise peaceful town.

==Characters==
===C.O.W.-Boys===
* '''[[Marshal]] Moo Montana''' (voiced by [[Pat Fraley]]) is the leader of the C.O.W.-Boys and the marshal of Moo Mesa. Courageous and quick on his hooves, Moo "battles the bad guys and makes the West a safer place to graze". Lives by the Code of the West, which he seems to make up as he goes along (as seen in the episode "The Big Cow Wow"). He has a gun that shoots star-badges and rides a horse named "Cyclone".
* '''Dakota Dude''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]) is the soft-spoken muscle of Montana's posse, Dakota is calm and level-headed, as he rarely loses his temper, even in near-death experiences (as seen in "Dances with Bulls") and is scared of heights. Dakota agreed to marry Cowlamity Kate in ''Wedding Bull Blues'' to save her father's inheritance. Dakota's horse's name is "Rebel".
* '''Cowlorado Kid''' (voiced by [[Jeff Bennett]]) is a [[Holstein cattle]] bull who is the youngest of the group and a self-proclaimed ladies' man with a good singing voice, regardless of his skill with the lasso and guitar; also, Cowlorado isn't a deputy yet. In "Stolen on the River", he tries to prove he's worthy of being a deputy by catching Five Card Cud only to get in trouble and be rescued by Dakota and Moo. Cowlorado's horse's name is "Jezebel".

===Supporting===
* '''Lily Bovine''' (voiced by Charity James) is a [[bartender]], former [[showgirl]], and the owner of the local saloon called ''The Tumbleweed'' where the C.O.W.-Boys go to enjoy some [[Sarsaparilla (soft drink)|Sarsaparilla]]. Lily is Moo Montana's love interest. Her best friend is Cowlamity Kate.
* '''Cody Calf''' (voiced by Troy Davidson as a kid, [[Rob Paulsen]] as an adult in "Skull Duggery Rides Again") is a calf who idolizes Moo Montana and hopes to be a lawcow himself when he grows up. He is nicknamed "Calf-Pint" by the C.O.W.-Boys, is apparently related to Lily Bovine in some way, and lives with her, though he does not appear to be her son. Like everyone else, he refers to her as "Miss Lily". Although well-meaning, he often gets himself into serious trouble trying to "help" the lawcows, but has been a useful asset on several occasions.
* '''Cowlamity Kate Cudster''' (voiced by [[Kay Lenz]]) is a [[tomboy]]ish [[ranch]]er and operator of the highly profitable Golden Cud Mine. She's as hardworking and hard-riding as any bull, and has enough skill with a lasso to put Cowlorado to shame. She returns Dakota's romantic feelings where she once gave him the hat he wears and nearly married him in "Wedding Bull Blues". In "The Fastest Filly in the West", it is revealed that Cowlamity Kate has a cousin named Cowleen. Her name is a play on that of the famous Wild West heroine [[Calamity Jane]]. She owns a horse named "Tarnation".
* '''Puma''' (voiced by [[Bill Farmer]]) is a [[cougar]] and resident of Cowtown who is the resident [[shoeshiner]].
* '''J.R.''' (voiced by [[Michael Horse]]) is an [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] [[bison]] who occasionally aids Moo, Dakota and Cowlorado if the situation needs it. He tends to ramble about the scientific principles of his inventions which the C.O.W.-Boys don't want to listen to and would be asked to show them how it works.
** '''Tewah''' (voiced by Charity James) is an Indian bison in J.R.'s tribe. She is J.R.'s niece and is friends with Cody Calf.
* '''Buffalo Bull''' (voiced by [[Jeff Bennett]]) is a bison who works as Cowtown's [[blacksmith]]. In the video game, he is a member of the C.O.W.-Boys. His name is a play on [[Buffalo Bill]].
* '''Jack''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]) is a [[rabbit]] who works as a [[Telegraphy|telegraph]] operator at Cowtown.
* '''Gordon Boredon''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]) is a [[prison warden]] who runs the prison containing the prisoners that the C.O.W.-Boys apprehend.

===Antagonists===
* '''[[Mayor]] Oscar Bulloney''' (voiced by [[Michael Greer]]) is the greedy and corrupt mayor of Cowtown in Moo Mesa, Bulloney rigs elections (as seen in "Stolen on the River") and makes taxes so high that the Masked Bull compares it to stealing. He also serves as Cowtown's crooked Justice of the Peace and Bank President.
* '''[[Sheriff]] Terrorbull''' (voiced by [[Joe Piscopo]]) is a red-furred cattle who received this position from Mayor Bulloney. Terrorbull uses his sheriff's badge to conceal his evil intentions. When committing crimes, he disguises himself as the "Masked Bull" where he sports a different posture. Terrorbull was forced to leave Cowtown after losing a bet to Moo in "No Face to Hide", to see who can catch Shock Holiday and became sheriff of the remote town of Lonesome Gulch as Bulloney tells him to put up with it until he can think of a way to get him back into Cowtown. At Lonesome Gulch, Terrorbull continued his unlawful exploits whenever Mayor Bulloney is in need of the Masked Bull.
** '''Saddle Sore Scorpion''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]) is a [[scorpion]] and one of the comically inept henchmen of Sheriff Terrorbull. He is slightly smarter and braver than Boot Hill Buzzard, but only just.
** '''Boot Hill Buzzard''' (voiced by Danny Mann) is a [[Turkey vulture|buzzard]] who is Sheriff Terrorbull's other comically inept henchman. As the more dimwitted of the two, he is often saddled with more than his fair share of the grunt work, especially if the job involves something embarrassing or unappealing. His name is taken from an old west slang term for a [[Cemetery|graveyard]].
* '''Barney Finkleberg''' (voiced by [[Tim Curry]]) is a [[Confidence trick|con artist]] who used the alias of Jacques La Beef.
* '''Horribull''' is Sheriff Terrorbull's criminal younger brother whom he breaks out of Sinquitten Federal Prison and has him pose as the Masked Bull in order to protect his identity after Puma saw the Masked Bull without his mask on.
* '''Sadie Wowcow''' (voiced by [[Michael Greer]]) is a former show cow who is Lily Bovine's sworn rival. In the past, she always tried to upstage Lily due to jealousy over her popularity. While working for Mayor Bulloney, she tried to get revenge by running Lily out of business in order for Mayor Bulloney to claim an oil well under the Tumbleweed Saloon.
* '''Skull Duggery''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]) was a mean [[miner]] who had staked his claim on Skull Mountain. He had struck silver and hid it in a secret chamber within his mine. In his second appearance, Skull Duggery planned his revenge on the C.O.W.-Boys by enlisting some ghosts from a ghost town to help him.
* '''Five Card Cud''' is a criminal who conspired to take control of the Dixie Trixie riverboat.
** '''Short Change''' (voiced by [[Michael Gough (voice actor)|Michael Gough]]) is Five Card Cud's [[weasel]] henchman.
* The '''Gila Hooligans''' are a gang who crashed Mayor Bulloney's re-election party.
* The '''Hole in the Ground Gang''' are a duo of snakes. Their name is a play on the [[Hole in the Wall Gang]].
* '''Bat Blastagun''' (voiced by [[Neil Ross]]) is a [[bat]] outlaw. He and his gang caused trouble for Miller Glen where they even bested Sheriff T-Bone. In his second appearance, Bat Blastagun and his gang escaped from prison and use a weaponized version of the comet shard as part of a plot to shrink the C.O.W.-Boys and rob Cowtown. His name is a play on [[Bat Masterson]].
** '''Gil A. Monster''' is a [[gila monster]] who is a part of Bat Blastagun's gang.
** '''Rawhide''' is a [[snake]] member of Bat Blastagun's gang who is often seen being carried by Gil A. Monster.
** '''Sid Arachnid''' is a [[spider]] who is part of Bat Blastagun's gang. He wields a gun that shoots webs.
** '''Dr. Wolfgang Wolfenstein''' is a [[wolf]] and [[mad scientist]] who Bat Blastagun enlisted to weaponize the shard of the comet that created Moo Mesa.
* '''Shock Holliday''' (voiced by [[Michael Bell (actor)|Michael Bell]]) is a [[bison]] outlaw and the leader of his gang who captured all the trains while demanding a ransom from the Railway President. His name is a play on [[Doc Holliday]].
** '''Roy Soy Beans''' (voiced by [[Bill Farmer]]) is a [[red wolf]] outlaw, member of Shock Holliday's gang, and possibly his second-in-command who wields a gun that shoots. His name is a play on [[Judge Roy Bean]].
** '''The Boar Brothers''' are a couple of [[wild boar]] outlaws and members of Shock Holliday's gang. They wield clubs in battle.
** '''Slick Willy Weasel''' (voiced by [[Jeff Bennett]]) is a [[weasel]] who is member of Shock Holliday's gang. He drives their carriage.
* '''Cow Belle''' (voiced by [[Ruth Buzzi]]) is a female outlaw. She and her three sons used Sidewinder City as a refuge for outlaws everywhere in exchange for a share of their heist. Her name is a play on [[Belle Starr]].
** '''Butch Cowsidy''' (voiced by [[Pat Fraley]]) is Cow Belle's eldest, but shortest son with a broken horn. His name is a play on [[Butch Cassidy]].
** '''Lone Grunger''' is Cow Belle's middle son who dresses in a suit. His name is a play on the [[Lone Ranger]].
** '''Sundazed Kid''' (voiced by [[Jeff Bennett]]) is Cow Belle's youngest, but tallest son who is the strongest of her sons. His name is a play on the [[Sundance Kid]].
* '''Longhorn Silver''' (voiced by [[Brad Garrett]]) is a [[Texas Longhorn|longhorn]] [[Piracy|pirate]] captain who leads his pirate crew in causing trouble on Moo Mesa's waterways. His name is a play on [[Long John Silver]].
* '''Cacklin' Kid''' (voiced by [[Rob Paulsen]]) is a small coyote and known outlaw who the C.O.W.-Boys apprehend while he was being targeted by the Bayin' Bunch, whom he once rode with.
* '''Bayin' Bunch''' are a gang of coyotes who target the Cacklin' Kid who hid their loot in a graveyard and will do anything to get it back from him.
** '''Scavenger''' (voiced by [[Mark Hamill]]) is the leader of the Bayin' Bunch.
* '''Billy the Kidder''' (voiced by [[Charlie Adler]]) is a [[goat]] criminal who targeted the lost treasure of the Concudsadors. His name is a play on [[Billy the Kid]].
** '''Lester''' (voiced by [[Charlie Adler]]) is one of Billy the Kidder's lizard henchmen.
** '''Kisser''' is one of Billy the Kidder's lizard henchmen.
* '''The Great Bovini''' (voiced by [[Dorian Harewood]]) is a [[Ringmaster (circus)|ringmaster]] who uses a special stone called the Cowinoor Diamond to mesmerize people. As Boot Hill Buzzard was unaffected by the Cowinoor Diamond while Mayor Bulloney and Saddle Sore were, he and the C.O.W.-Boys had to work together to defeat the Great Bovini and free everyone from the mind-control.
* '''Barb Wire Babs''' (voiced by [[Kate Mulgrew]]) is the leader of an all-female gang.
* '''Rooster Cogsbull''' (voiced by [[Michael Bell (actor)|Michael Bell]]) is a wagon master and gold thief who masquerades as a creature known as the "Cowgoyle" (a cow-type [[Gargoyle (monster)|gargoyle]]). His name is a play on [[Rooster Cogburn (character)|Rooster Cogburn]].
* '''Big Bucks''' is a [[stag]] claim-jumper who targeted the recently discovered gold.
** '''Digalong''' is a [[Mole (animal)|mole]] and one of Big Bucks' henchman.
** '''Stub''' is a [[donkey]] and one of Big Bucks' henchman.
* '''Fast Willy''' is a [[dog]] criminal who plotted to steal Cowleen's horse Tornado as part of a bigger plot to rob the [[Pony Express]].
* '''Mules Verne''' is a [[mule]] who plotted to steal the Dixie Trixie where the Invention Convention is so that he can force the inventors on board to build a giant robot cowboy as part of his plot to take over Moo Mesa. His name is a play on [[Jules Verne]].

==Episode guide==
Several of these episodes or episode titles are parodies of popular Western films or books.

===Season 1 (1992)===
{{Episode table|background=#6495ED|season=|title=|writer=|airdate=|episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=1
|Title=Bang'em High
|WrittenBy=Bob Carrau
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|9|12}}
|ShortSummary=Mayor Bulloney and The Masked Bull make a plan to get rid of Moo Montana with literally explosive results.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=2
|Title=A Snake in Cow's Clothing
|WrittenBy=Cliff Ruby Elana Lesser
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|9|19}}
|ShortSummary=A mysterious bull named Jacques La Beef arrives in town who has all the women drawn to him. Moo and Dakota are suspicious of him, especially after Miss Lily is robbed of the items in her new safe by The Masked Bull in a plot to discredit Jacques La Beef (who is secretly a notorious con artist named Barney Finkleberg).
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=3
|Title=Bulls of a Feather
|WrittenBy=Cliff Ruby Elana Lesser
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|9|26}}
|ShortSummary=During an attack on the stagecoach bound for Cow Town, Puma sees that The Masked Bull is actually Sheriff Terrorbull after Boothill Buzzard accidentally unmasks him. In order to save his identity after his attempt on Puma's life is thwarted by J.R., Sheriff Terrorbull must break his younger brother Horribull out of Sinquitten Federal Prison to pose as The Masked Bull and fool everyone.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=4
|Title=School Days
|WrittenBy=Ted Pedersen Francis Moss
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|10|3}}
|ShortSummary=A new teacher (actually Boot Hill Buzzard in drag) has the children help The Masked Bull commit crime through her strange assignments.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=5
|Title=A Sheepful of Dollars
|WrittenBy=Bob Carrau
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|10|10}}
|ShortSummary=Cowlorado volunteers for Miss Lily's cattle drive only to find out his "cattle" is actually a bad tempered sheep named Miss Ewebaby. Moo and Dakota discovery that the cattle drive is a front to delivery the money for the Elbow's Bend Hospital Veterinary Clinic where it is under Miss Ewebaby to keep it from being stolen by The Masked Bull.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=6
|Title=Thoroughly Moodern Lily
|WrittenBy=Gary Greenfield
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|10|17}}
|ShortSummary=When Mayor Bulloney discovers oil that is secretly buried deep beneath Lily Bovine's Tumbleweed Saloon, he quickly dispatches Lily's arch-rival Sadie Wowcow to run her out of town.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=7
|Title=Wetward, Whoa
|WrittenBy=Cliff Roberts
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|10|24}}
|ShortSummary=Cowtown dries up and only Mayor Bulloney has water. When Cody finds the real reason for this, it is up to him to bring water back to everyone.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=8
|Title=Wedding Bull Blues
|WrittenBy=Jack Enyart
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|11|7}}
|ShortSummary=When Cowlamity Kate doesn't receive a letter from her father who has been exploring the Mesa for 7 years, Mayor Bulloney claims he will be taking all her property since her father had no will. But when a page of one of her father's old letters shows up, stating Kate will inherit the ranch and his gold, though only if she is married, Kate plans to make Dakota her husband.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=9
|Title=Legend of Skull Duggery
|WrittenBy=Marilyn Webber
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|10|31}}
|ShortSummary=When Cody, Carly, and Jake find a treasure map in Cowlamity Kate's attic while cleaning it, they decide to follow it to find Tom Duggery's lost silver on Skull Mountain. While competing against Saddle Sore and Boot Hill Buzzard, Cody, Carly, and Jake encounter Tom Duggery's ghost in the form of Skull Duggery. Now Moo, Dakota, Cowlorado, and Cowlamity Kate must rescue the kids from Skull Duggery.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=10
|Title=Stolen on the River
|WrittenBy=Bob Carrau
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|11|14}}
|ShortSummary=In an attempt to get his own deputy star, Cowlorado goes undercover as Johnny Slim to catch Five Card Cud all by himself when he and his henchman Short Change take control of the Dixie Trixie river boat while in collaboration with the Dixie Trixie's captain.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=11
|Title=Dances with Bulls
|WrittenBy=Mike & David Benavente
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|11|21}}
|ShortSummary=Moo Montana and Sheriff Terrorbull get in a mess when they both try to capture the Gila Hooligans after the crashed the party in Cowtown that followed Mayor Bulloney's re-election. To catch the Gila Hooligans, the C.O.W.-Boys and Sheriff Terrorbull have to work together to apprehend the Gilla Hooligans.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=12
|Title=The Big Cow Wow
|WrittenBy=Bob Carrau
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|11|28}}
|ShortSummary=The C.O.W.-Boys work to catch two [[snake]]s that make up the Hole in the Ground Gang after they robbed some bison at Mini Soda Flats. Cody is really excited about going to the Pueblo's annual Cow-Wow with J.R. and Tejua as the threat of the Hole in the Ground Gang could disrupt the whole fiesta. When Moo and the other C.O.W.-Boys run into some trouble trying to catch the gang, Cody and Tejua help to bring them to justice.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=13
|Title=Another Fine Mesa
|WrittenBy=Cliff Ruby Elana Lesser
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1992|12|5}}
|ShortSummary=No one cares that it is Moo Montana's tenth anniversary as marshal. Then, Moo receives a telegram from Bessy Bluebell from his hometown of Miller Glen where the retiring sheriff T-Bone wants Moo to take over even at the time when Bat Blastagun and his henchmen are causing trouble in Miller Glen. Now Moo must decide between Miller Glen where he is beloved by the townsfolk and Cowtown.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
}}

===Season 2 (1993)===
{{Episode table|background=#6495ED|season=|title=|writer=|airdate=|episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=14
|Title=No Face To Hide
|WrittenBy=Tony Marino
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|9|11}}
|ShortSummary= Many trains have been stolen by Shock Holiday's gang where Shock Holiday is holding them hostage until the Railroad President pays a huge ransom. When Marshall Moo fails at capturing the thief, Sheriff Terrorbull challenges him to see who catches Shock Holiday first and the loser will have to leave Cowtown.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=15
|Title=The Down Under Gang
|WrittenBy=[[Buzz Dixon]]
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|9|18}}
|ShortSummary= Cow Belle and her sons Butch Cowsidy, Lone Grunger, and Sundazed Kid have an underground hideout called Sidewinder City which allows other outlaws to use it in exchange of a share of what they steal. When Cowlorado Kid is captured during the infiltration, Moo Montana and Dakota Dude must find Sidewinder City and rescue him while also dealing with the Masked Bull.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=16
|Title=Cow Pirates of Swampy Cove
|WrittenBy=[[Mark Jones (filmmaker)|Mark Jones]]
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|9|25}}
|ShortSummary=The [[Piracy|pirate]] captain Longhorn Silver and his band of buccaneers have been robbing trains and causing trouble on Moo Mesa's waterways. With a gold shipment and Cody's money for new boots in their possession, Moo Montana, Dakota Dude, and Cowlorado Kid have to go to Newportleans to track these pirates down. While trying to get back the money, Cody is caught by the Masked Bull as part of his plan to work with Longhorn Silver to dispose of the C.O.W.-Boys. Now the C.O.W.-Boys must rescue Cody, reclaim the stolen loot, and defeat Longhorn Silver.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=17
|Title=The Cacklin Kid
|WrittenBy=Mark Jones
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|10|2}}
|ShortSummary=Moo Montana, Dakota Dude, and Cowlorado Kid apprehend the Cacklin Kid after he was nearly disposed of by the Baying Bunch led by Scavenger who are seeking the location of where the Cacklin Kid hid the Baying Bunch's loot. At the courthouse, Cacklin Kid gets sympathy from Judge Overrule who instructs that Moo Montana, Dakota Dude, and Cowlorado Kid to safely transports Cacklin Kid to the federal penitentiary to serve out his one year sentence. Now the C.O.W.-Boys must get the Cacklin Kid to the penitentiary safely while evading the Baying Bunch who have gone to Lonesome Gulch and tricked Sheriff Terrorbull into helping them.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=18
|Title=Skull Duggery Rides Again
|WrittenBy=Marilyn Webber
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|10|30}}
|ShortSummary=On Halloween, Skull Duggery returns upon emerging from the cave-in of his mine at Skull Mountain in order to get revenge on Moo, Dakota, and Cowlorado. This time, he has obtained an age accelerating spell with the help of his fellow ghosts where they start aging everything in Cowtown.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=19
|Title=Billy the Kidder
|WrittenBy=Mark Jones
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|10|9}}
|ShortSummary=The C.O.W.-Boys get word from Warden Gordon Bordon that Billy the Kidder and his lizard henchmen Lester and Kisser have escaped from prison. When Lily's uncle Rocky gets caught in a cave-in upon finding the lost treasure of the Concudsadors, she plans to enlist Cowlamity Kate to help rescue him only to end up captured by Lester and Kisser so that Billy the Kidder can steal the lost treasure of the Concudsadors. Now the C.O.W.-Boys and Calamity Kate must rescue Lily and Rocky, apprehend Billy the Kidder's group, and recover the lost treasure of the Concudsadors.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=20
|Title=How the West was Shrunk
|WrittenBy=Mark Jones
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|10|16}}
|ShortSummary=Bat Blastagun and his gang have escaped from prison where they find a shard of the comet that created Moo Mesa outside of Cowtown. Enlisting the help of the mad scientist Dr. Wolfgang Wolfenstein, Bat Masterson uses the shard to shrink everything.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=21
|Title=Circus Daze
|WrittenBy=Tony Marino
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|10|23}}
|ShortSummary=The Great Bovini's Wild West [[Circus]] comes to Cowtown, but amusement of the masses is the last thing on the mind of the [[Ringmaster (circus)|ringmaster]] The Great Bovini as he uses a special stone to mesmerize anyone into stealing money. In order to keep the Cowinoor Diamond from being shipped to the Jersey City Museum, Mayor Bulloney, Saddle Sore, and Boot Hill Buzzard approach The Great Bovini to help them steal it which doesn't go well as Boot Hill Buzzard is unaffected by The Great Bovini's stone. Now the C.O.W.-Boys must work with Boot Hill Buzzard into thwarting The Great Bovini and freeing the townspeople from his control.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=22
|Title=No Way to Treat a Lady
|WrittenBy=David Benavente & Michael J. Benavente
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|11|6}}
|ShortSummary=Moo Montana, Dakota Dude, and Cowlorado Kid have to deal with four masked marauders who happen to be ladies of the Sewing B. Ranch led by Barb Wire Babs (the criminal alias of Miss Barbara). As Cowlorado Kid goes undercover in Barbed Wire Babs' group, Wild Bill Barker is kidnapped as part of Barbed Wire Babs' plot to make counterfeit money.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=23
|Title=Night of the Cowgoyle
|WrittenBy=Marilyn Webber
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|11|13}}
|ShortSummary=After Cowlorado Kid was unable to catch a gold thief, he, Moo Montana, and Dakota Dude look for the thief and end up escorting a wagon train led by Rooster Cogsbull through a valley where a creature called the Cowgoyle (a [[cattle]]/[[gargoyle]] creature) dwells. To make sure that the C.O.W.-Boys meet their end and the Cowgoyle is blamed for the action, Mayor Bulloney sends Saddle Sore and Boot Hill Buzzard to get the Masked Bull to dispose of them. Following the Cowgoyle's attacks, the C.O.W.-Boys work to catch the Cowgoyle while suspecting that it might be one of the suspicious wagon train travelers.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=24
|Title=Boom Town or Bust
|WrittenBy=[[Rich Fogel]] & Mark Seidenberg
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|11|20}}
|ShortSummary=Cowlorado Kid discovers gold in a river causing the Gold Rush on Moo Mesa which even gets Mayor Bulloney, Saddle Sore, and Boot Hill Buzzard to work on claiming the gold. Upon Boom Town being formed as part of the gold rush, the C.O.W.-Boys work to keep the settlement in line. When a claim-jumper named Big Bucks and his henchmen Digalong and Stub plot to steal everyone's gold, the C.O.W.-Boys spring into action to protect Boom Town.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=25
|Title=The Fastest Filly in the West
|WrittenBy=Rich Fogel & Mark Seidenberg
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|11|27}}
|ShortSummary=In preparation for the 11th Annual Cowtown Cross Country Race, Cowlorado Kid encounters some competition Cowlamity Kate's cousin Cowleen and her horse Tornado as well as encountering his old rival Swifty Buckhorn. Fast Willy and his henchmen plan to steal Tornado so that they can rob the [[Pony Express]] with one of the packages being the trophy for the Cross Country Race. Now Cowlorado Kid and Swifty Buckhorn must put aside their differences to help Moo and Dakota catch Fast Willy and reclaim Tornado.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=26
|Title=The Wild Wild Pest
|WrittenBy=Mark Jones
|OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|1993|12|4}}
|ShortSummary=J.R. takes Cody Calf and Buffalo Bull to the Invention Convention on the Dixie Trixie. Using his airship, Mules Verne and his henchmen steal the Dixie Trixie so that he can force all the inventors onboard to help him take over Moo Mesa by building a giant robot cowboy that will help in his plans by starting with raiding the governor's mansion.
|LineColor=6495ED
}}
}}

==Cast==
* [[Jeff Bennett]] as Cowlorado Kid, Hole in the Ground Gang Leader (in "The Big Cow Wow"), Frank (in "Another Fine Mesa"), Beans (in "Another Fine Mesa"), Slick Willy Weasel (in "No Face to Hide"), Sundazed Kid (in "The Down Under Gang")
* [[Jim Cummings]] as The Dakota Dude, Jack, Saddle Sore, Warden Gordon Borden, Wild Bill Barker, Skull Duggery (in "Legend of Skull Duggery," "Skull Duggery Rides Again"), Gila Hooligans Leader (in "Dances with Bulls"), Toupee Turkey (in "The Big Cow Wow"), Grits (in "Night of the Cowgoyle")
* Troy Davidson as Cody Calf
* [[Bill Farmer]] as Puma, Roy Soy Beans (in "No Face to Hide"), Jury Foreman (in "The Cacklin' Kid")
* [[Pat Fraley]] as Marshal Moo Montana, Butch Cowsidy (in "The Down Under Gang")
* [[Michael Greer]] as Mayor Oscar Bulloney
* [[Michael Horse]] as J.R.
* Charity James as Lily Bovine, Tewah
* [[Kay Lenz]] as Cowlamity Kate
* Danny Mann as Boot Hill Buzzard
* [[Joe Piscopo]] as Sheriff Terrorbull

===Additional voices===
* [[Charlie Adler]] as Billy the Kidder (in "Billy the Kidder"), Lester (in "Billy the Kidder")
* [[Michael Bell (actor)|Michael Bell]] as Shock Holiday (in "No Face to Hide"), Rooster Cogsbull (in "Night of the Cowgoyle")
* [[Robby Benson]] as Five Card Cud (in "Stolen on the River")
* [[Ruth Buzzi]] as Cow Belle (in "The Down Under Gang")
* [[Tim Curry]] as Jacques La Beef/Barney Finkleberg
* [[David Doyle (actor)|David Doyle]] as Rocky Bovine (in "Billy the Kidder")
* [[Brad Garrett]] as Longhorn Silver (in "Cow Pirates of Swampy Cove")
* [[Michael Gough (voice actor)|Michael Gough]] as Small Change (in "Stolen on the River")
* [[Mark Hamill]] as Scavenger (in "The Cacklin Kid")
* [[Dorian Harewood]] as The Great Bovini (in "Circus Daze")
* [[Kate Mulgrew]] as Barbed Wire Babs/Miss Barbara (in "No Way to Treat a Lady")
* [[Rob Paulsen]] as Adult Cody Calf (in "Skull Duggery Rides Again"), Cacklin Kid (in "The Cacklin Kid"), Swifty Buckhorn (in "The Fastest Filly in the West")
* [[Neil Ross]] as Bat Blastagun (in "Another Fine Mesa" and "How the West was Shrunk")
* [[Kath Soucie]] as Carly, Jake Daffidill, Sally Sheep
* [[Sally Struthers]] as Bessy Bluebell ("in "Another Fine Mesa")
* [[Russi Taylor]] as Sally Sue Holstein (in "A Sheepful of Dollars")

===Unidentified voices===
* [[Jack Angel]]
* [[Corey Burton]]
* [[Jodi Carlisle]]
* [[Ellen Gerstell]]
* [[Stu Rosen]]

==Crew==
* [[Ginny McSwain]] – Voice Director
* Cary Silver – Talent Coordinator

==Theme song==
The theme song was sung by country artist [[Billy Dean]], who co-wrote it with [[Verlon Thompson]].

==Toys==
A toy line was released by [[Hasbro]] with designs reminiscent of [[Playmates Toys]] ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' figures.

==Reboot==
On August 11, 2023, it was announced that [[Brian Volk-Weiss|The Nacelle Company]] had purchased the rights to the original series and would reboot the property with a brand-new animated series and a new line of action figures and other merchandise.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://comicbook.com/tv-shows/news/wild-west-cowboys-moo-mesa-reboot-nacelle-company/ | title=Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa Returning Thanks to the Nacelle Company (Exclusive) | date=August 11, 2023 }}</ref>

==In other media==
===Video game===
A four-player [[arcade game]] was also released by [[Konami]] in North America and Europe on November 19, 1992. Ryan Brown worked closely with Konami on the game's development. The game is a side-scrolling run-and-gun similar to Konami's previous game, ''[[Sunset Riders]]''.

===Comic book===
Between December 1992 and February 1993, [[Archie Comics]] published a three-issue [[Limited series (comics)|limited series]] titled ''The Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa'', which was written by Brown's long-time collaborator [[Doug Brammer]].<ref>[https://www.comics.org/series/16977/ "The Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa (Archie, 1992 Series)"], Grand Comics Database. Accessed January 4, 2020.</ref> This was followed by a regular series which ran for three issues, March–July 1993.<ref>[https://www.comics.org/series/16978/ "The Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa (Archie, 1993 Series)"], Grand Comics Database. Accessed May 11, 2023.</ref>

===Videocassette===
Twelve VHS cassettes containing episodes were released:
* Stolen on the River
* A Snake in Cow's Clothing
* School Days
* Another Fine Mesa
* Bang 'Em High
* The Big Cow-Wow
* Bulls of a Feather
* Dances with Bulls
* Legend of Skull Duggery
* A Sheepful of Dollars
* Wedding Bull Blues
* Wetward, Whoa

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Cartoon}}
* {{IMDb title|190210}}
* [https://wildwestcow-boysofmoomesa.blogspot.com/ Official blog]

{{Archie Comics titles}}
{{Children's programming on the American Broadcasting Company in the 1990s}}

[[Category:1990s American animated television series]]
[[Category:1990s American children's television series]]
[[Category:1990s American science fiction television series]]
[[Category:1990s Western (genre) television series]]
[[Category:1992 American animated television series debuts]]
[[Category:1993 American television series endings]]
[[Category:American Broadcasting Company television dramas]]
[[Category:American children's animated action television series]]
[[Category:American children's animated adventure television series]]
[[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Western (genre) animated television series]]
[[Category:American English-language television shows]]
[[Category:Science fiction Westerns]]
[[Category:NacelleVerse]]
[[Category:Television series about cattle]]
[[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]]
[[Category:Television series by WildBrain]]
[[Category:Television series by DIC Entertainment]]
[[Category:Television series by King World Productions]]
[[Category:Television series by Ruby-Spears]]
[[Category:American Broadcasting Company animated television series]]

List of Space Runaway Ideon characters

2025-06-02T12:41:36Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|none}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Space Runaway Ideon'' characters}}
The following is a list of characters from the [[anime]] ''[[Space Runaway Ideon]]''.

==Solo Colonists==
===Cosmo Yuki===
Cosmo Yuki is the male lead of ''Space Runaway Ideon''. Originally a teenager living on Solo with his archaeologist father, Cosmo is thrust into the role of mecha pilot when the Buff Clan attacks. He is the pilot of the Ideo-Delta/Sol Conver and the lead pilot of the Ideon in its combined form. Although he has the occasional fight with Bes, Cosmo is a well-respected member of the Solo Ship crew.

Later on, after half his friends are killed and the situation gradually becomes bleaker, Cosmo's distraught turns into pure rage and determination, becoming the Ide's physical medium for its grim final purpose. With nothing left to lose, Cosmo conducts a last-ditch attack against the Gando Rowa and the Bairaru Jin, resulting in the destruction of the Ideon, Gando Rowa, Solo Ship, and much of the Buff Clan fleet.

Cosmo is reunited in spirit form with Kitty Kitten (a rebel who appears in one of the final episodes) and Kasha at the end of ''Be Invoked''. When Kitty goes off with another, Cosmo and Kasha head off together into their new eternity.

===Bes Jordan===
An Earth soldier stationed on Solo who becomes the captain of the Solo ship after the Buff Clan attack. Although Bes initially pilots the Ideo-Nova/Sol Vainer, he retires from piloting when it becomes apparent that younger pilots have more success with piloting the Ideon. Although he occasionally quarrels with Cosmo and Sheryl, Bes is well liked and respected as the leader of the Solo Ship.

Bes develops feelings for Karala immediately upon meeting her and is quick to support her, even early in the series when she is distrusted by others among the Solo Ship's crew. The two eventually fall in love and Karala becomes pregnant with his child, although it is never born due to her death.

In the final battle between the surviving Solo colonists and the Buff Clan, Bes continues fighting against invading squads of Buff Clan troops on board the Solo Ship. Though he is shot in the waist and in the neck, gradually bleeding to death, he remains the only person "alive" on the ship.

Shortly after, he dies along with everyone else as the Gando Rowa's incredible power destroys the Solo Ship.

He is reunited in spirit form with Karala in the end. Their son, Messiah, leads them and the souls of everyone else to a reborn Earth.

===Kasha Imhof===
A teenage girl who is friends with Cosmo and Deck on Solo, Kasha quickly becomes involved in the fighting when the Buff Clan launch their attack on Solo. Kasha becomes the main pilot of the Ideo-Buster/Sol-Amber. Although a good pilot, Kasha is quite hot tempered and aggressive, which can get her in trouble at times. Like Cosmo, she at times conflicts with the opinions on the adults on the ship. She is also one of the people most critical of Karala early on in the series.

As Ideon draws to a close, Kasha relinquishes her piloting duties of the Ideo-Buster to Deck so she can remain aboard the Solo Ship and protect Karala. During an intense exchange of fire between the Solo Ship's remaining crew and the Buff Clan, Kasha is killed after shrapnel from an explosion tears into her.

After the final invocation, Kasha's spirit, along with Deck, watches over a sleeping Cosmo and, after Kitty Kitten arrives and Deck leaves, sees Cosmo reawaken with Kitty. After Kitty leaves with another, Kasha and Cosmo head off together into eternity.

===Sheryl Formosa===
A linguistic scholar who has been investigating the Sixth Civilization on the Planet Solo. Sheryl's primary interest is studying the Ide, the mysterious energy source that powers both the Ideon and the Solo Ship. She becomes quite obsessed with it at times, which leads to conflicts between her, Bes, Cosmo, and Kasha. Sheryl also conflicts with Karala early on in the series. Nonetheless, Sheryl is a valuable crew member who is always willing to put herself in dangerous situations to find the answers to her questions.

In the latter part of the series, Sheryl befriends Buff Clan defector Gije Zaral, who shares a similar interest in the Ide. The two fall in love, but Gije is killed on the planet Steckin Star in the second to last episode. This, combined with the murder of her younger sister, Lin, on the planet Ajian, cause Sheryl to spiral into a state of despair and [[alcoholism]] followed by psychosis. In order to draw out the full potential of the Ide, Sheryl carries the infant Piper Lou onto the deck of the Solo Ship while the Ideon is fighting off both the Buff Clan and a large comet. Sheryl, consumed by grief and vengeance, "invokes" the Ide to show its true power by putting Piper Lou in mortal danger, taunting the invisible force if its strength comes from the suffering of the innocent. She receives her answer when the Ideon fires its '''Wave Leader Gun'''. The resulting shock wave from the blast kills her instantly, hurling her shattered body into space, though Lou survives the blast.

As she dies, Gije pulls Sheryl's spirit out of her body, reuniting them prior to the final cataclysms of ''Be Invoked''. Later on, at the end of Be Invoked, both she and Gije reunite with the others.

===Hatari Naburu===
A pilot who survives the Buff Clan attack on New Lopia in the second episode and is one of the refugees who boards the Solo ship. Hatari becomes a subordinate and confidante of Bes, even taking control of the Solo ship's operations when Bes falls ill.

During the final battle with the Buff Clan in Be Invoked, Hatari manages to warp the Solo ship to the Buff Clan's mothership, the Gando Rowa. Unfortunately, he is shot in the side of the head and chest in the crossfire between the colonists and Buff Clan troopers aboard the bridge, stating he never had the chance to do anything.

At the end of ''Be Invoked'', his spirit reunites with Moera and Rapoh.

===Deck Afta===
A boy who is a friend of Cosmo's and Kasha's on Solo. He's generally seen with Rapappa, a tame two-tailed squirrel perched on his shoulder.

Although just a young kid, Deck desires to become a pilot of the Ideon and when Cosmo sees how dedicated he is to it, he allows Deck to become his co-pilot on the Ideo-Delta. As expected for his age, Deck is immature at times, but, for the most part, gets along with everyone, though gradually, as the series progresses, he begins to prove himself as a pilot, establishing himself as a predominant role in controlling the Ideon.

Deck is vaporized instantly when the Ideon is destroyed by the Gando Rowa.

Afterwards, both his spirit and Kasha are seen watching over a sleeping Cosmo. When Kitty Kitten arrives and Deck tells her what happens, Kitty tells him to go on ahead, saying that she and Kasha will look after Cosmo. Strangely, and harshly, enough, Rapappa's spirit form is never seen at the end of the film.

===Joliver Ira===
The engineer of the Solo Ship. At first, and throughout the series, he doesn't put too much trust in Karala, but during the movie Be Invoked, he admits to having falling in love with her. This is further proved after he protects Karala from her father, sustaining a sword wound to the back, and dying later as he assists the Ideon during the final battle.

After the final invocation, Joliver surprisingly ends up with Haruru's subordinate, Kilarul, in the new universe.

===Moera Fatima===
A member of the Solo Ship's crew who serves as the main pilot for the Ideo Nova for the majority of the series. He is romantically involved with the ship's doctor, Rapoh. He is also seen chastising Fard on several occasions for his wimpy behavior, encouraging him to stand up for himself and become a man. He is eventually killed during a battle against the Buff Clan and his duties as the pilot of the Ideo Nova are passed on to Gije.

At the end of ''Be Invoked'', he is reunited with Rapoh, who embraces him, much to his embarrassment.

===Banda Lotta===
A teenage girl from the planet Solo who becomes one of the civilian refugees aboard the Solo Ship. Lotta's primary role aboard the ship is taking care of the young children along with Lin. Lotta becomes upset with Karala and attempts to kill her since she is of the Buff Clan (in the movie version, she kills Karala's servant Mayaya), although in the end, she is unable to do it.

In the movie ''Be Invoked'', Lotta acts a sentry when Karala's sister, Harulu, and her bodyguards, Torolof and Kilarul, board the Solo Ship in a chaotic battle. Lotta kills Torolof with a rocket launcher and is shot to death by Kilarul shortly afterwards.

She is reunited in spirit form with Lin Formosa and Fard at the end of the film.

===Fard Malaka===
One of the children on the Solo Ship. He is the most timid of the children and is scolded by Moera for not toughening up. Despite being armed and standing next to Karala during the combat with the Buff Clan in the Solo ship, he is not targeted by either Harulu or Kilarul. Harulu, who has no intention of harming children, has instructed her bodyguard, Kilarul, to refrain from shooting him. However, in the climactic final battle against the Buff Clan, he falls victim to gunfire - the only time he decides to become brave and face the enemy. It is left to the audience on whether he dies or not before the Solo ship is destroyed as he can be seen breathing after being shot.

Fard is reunited with Banda, Lin, and Ashura in spirit form at the end of ''Be Invoked''.

===Ashura Novak===
One of the young children aboard the Solo Ship. Ashura's parents were killed in the attack on New Lopia. She is the leader of the kids and is often seen leading Fard and Piper Lou in various activities. She doesn't understand very much the things that happen around her, but is often happy to help with any minor duties on the ship. She is killed in the final battle against the Buff Clan, when a blast of gunfire blows off her head.

Ashura is later reunited with Fard in spirit form.

===Piper Lou===
A baby who is one of the refugees on the Solo Ship. As the youngest member of the Solo Ship crew, Lou is critical to controlling the Ide, which responds with more power to young children like Lou. In fact, the Ideon displays greater powers almost every time Lou is brought aboard. The Ide protects Lou and the children for they are of a new generation - representing the general innocence of children. As the series draws to a close and the true nature of the Ide becomes apparent, his survival becomes more critical to those aboard the Solo Ship.

In ''Be Invoked'', Lou is nearly killed when Sheryl carries him onto the deck of the Solo Ship, hoping to draw out further power from the Ideon. When the power of a blast from the ''Wave Leader Gun'' knocks him and Sheryl off the ship, Sheryl is killed, but Lou is protected by the Ide and returned to the ship. It is revealed that Lou and Karala's unborn child "Messiah" share a profound empathic connection, triggering enormous outputs of the Ide. Although he is the only character in Ideon to be spared a death sequence, Lou is killed when the Solo Ship is destroyed in the final battle.

Lou and Messiah lead the spirits of both races into the reborn universe.

===Lin Formosa===
Sheryl's younger sister, who is often seen taking care of the children along with Lotta.

She is killed in episode 37 of the series, while being held hostage by the colonists on the planet Ajian, led by the unstable Commodore. She is shot dead as a demonstration that her captors are serious about killing the hostages unless the Solo Ship and Ideon are surrendered to the Buff Clan. Her death is avenged by Sheryl, who proceeds to gun down the Commodore.

Lin is reunited spiritually with Banda Lotta and Fard at the end of Be Invoked and watches as Sheryl and Gije arrive shortly after.

===Rapoh Famu===
The medic of the Solo Ship whose love interest is Moera. Along with Moera, Rapoh acts as a parental figure to the orphaned Fard. She is one of the last to die after being shot by a Buff Clan soldier in the final battle with the Buff Clan in Be Invoked.

She's last seen in spirit form, clinging on hysterically to a reluctant Moera as they follow everyone to the reborn universe.

===Bento Malus===
The co-pilot for the Ideo-Nova. Bento is killed when the Ideon is hit by the first blast from the Gando Rowa.

===Tekuno Gyabari===
The co-pilot for the Ideo-Buster. Tekuno is killed in the final battle when the Ideon is destroyed.

===Rouri Yuki===
Cosmo's father, an archeologist who is discovers the Ideon on the planet Solo. He is killed in the first episode when a bulldozer collapses on him.

===Professor Formosa===
Sheryl and Lin's father and a professor who wishes to test the Ide's capabilities, He is killed in the first episode and Movie A Contact after being crushed by a boulder.

==Buff Clan==
===Karala Ajiba===
Karala is the female lead in ''Space Runaway Ideon''. She is the youngest daughter of Doba Ajiba, the Supreme Commander of the Buff Clan military. While investigating the Ide, Karala heads down to the planet Solo against orders and ends up stranded there. After her alien origins are discovered, she is held captive on the Solo Ship, but her good hearted nature leads her to become a regular crew member on the Solo Ship despite being from the Buff Clan. Although early in the series the Buff Clan constantly tries to rescue her, she becomes a traitor to the Buff Clan for associating with the Earthlings. The one who despises her the most is her own sister, Harulu.

Karala and Bes fall in love and near the end of the series, Karala becomes pregnant with Bes's child, who is proclaimed 'Messiah' by Cosmo and Kasha. Messiah is seen as the key to controlling the Ide and defending the Solo Ship against the Buff Clan, perhaps as well bringing a possible future peace between both races. However, when Harulu boards the Solo Ship during a battle, Karala confronts and tries to kill her, only to then be shot three times in the face and killed by Harulu.

Despite her tragic demise, Karala and Messiah remain as a strange ethereal influence as the carnage between the Buff Clan and Solo Ship rages onwards. Later, after everyone is killed, she and Bes reunite and watch as their son, Messiah, leads everyone to a new world.

===Gije Zaral===
The commander of the initial Buff Clan search expedition that discovers the planet Solo. Gije is a friend and former fiance of Karala's, and hence is gravely concerned with her safety after she heads to the planet Solo. Initially, he leads multiple operations to rescue Karala, but is later sent by Harulu to the Buff Clan homeworld to perform further study of the Ide. After failing once again with the Buff Clan military, Gije is enlisted in the Ome Foundation, a private corporation that also seeks to capture the Ideon. After multiple battles in which he fails to defeat the Ideon, Gije is abandoned on the moon, but he sneaks aboard the Solo Ship during a battle. He befriends Sheryl, who shares a similar interest in the Ide, and the two eventually fall in love. Although initially viewed as untrustworthy, Gije eventually becomes an official member of the Solo Ship crew and pilots the Ideo-Nova after the death of its pilot, Moera. Gije is killed in a battle with the Buff Clan on the planet Steckin Star in episode 38 of the television series.

In ''Be Invoked'', Gije's spirit pulls Sheryl's spirit from her body after she is killed in her foolish attempt to use Piper Lou to invoke the Ide, allowing for them to spend eternity together. Later on, after everyone is killed, both he and Sheryl reunite with the others.

===Harulu Ajiba===
The elder sister of Karala and daughter of Doba, the Supreme Commander of the Buff Clan military. A high-ranking member of the Buff Clan military, Harulu leads the pursuit of the Solo Ship and Ideon for much of the first half of the series. She views her younger sister as a traitor to the Buff Clan and despises her. Harulu's former lover is Daram Zuba and, while she doesn't seem too pleased with him in their only meeting in the series, she mourns his death and even goes as far to have a Buff Clan officer assassinated when she laughs at a video of him. When Harulu discovers that Karala is pregnant with a baby that is the key to controlling the Ide, she personally leads a team into the Solo Ship, where she murders Karala. Afterwards, subsequent to Doba’s decision, she is granted the command of the entire Buff Clan army. However, in the heat of the ensuing battle, both she and Kilarul, who was attempting to protect her, meet a tragic end. They are killed in the Combat Information Center of the Bairal Jin, which was navigating through subspace, by a blast of energy emanating from the Ideon’s Wave Leader Gun located in normal space.

At the end of ''Be Invoked'', her spirit is shown being carried by Daram.

===Doba Ajiba===
The Supreme Commander of the Buff Clan military. Doba is the father of both Karala and Harulu. Like Harulu, Doba despises Karala for abandoning the Buff Clan and doesn't care whether she lives or dies. Although he is largely absent for most of the TV series (appearing in only 3 episodes), he comes out of the woodwork near the end after his underlings repeatedly fail to defeat the Ideon.

Doba commands the Buff Clan forces from his flagship, the Bairal Jin. Intent on not only defeating the Ideon, but also taking complete control of the Buff Clan, Doba conspires with Gindoro Jinmu of the Ome Foundation to overthrow the Buff Clan Emperor, Zuou Habel Gande, when the battle is over. This becomes meaningless, however, when the Buff Clan's home planet is destroyed by a meteor shower.

Doba is eventually killed by his own soldiers when he makes it clear that the Ideon must be defeated, even if it results in the death of the majority of the Buff Clan.

Oddly enough, Doba is seen with Emperor Zuou at the end of Be Invoked when they greet Cosmo and Kasha.

===Damido Pechi===
One of the officers in charge of the initial expedition that results in the discovery of the Planet Solo, Damido is a colleague of Gije's and, along with him, pursues Karala early in the series. Damido is much more aggressive than Gije and appears to be more concerned with wiping out the enemy than rescuing Karala. He is put out of commission for a while after a battle with the Ideon, but when he returns, he takes the opportunity to immediately strike the Ideon again. His battle ends in failure yet again, and he perishes in this battle. In the movie version, Damido has a much smaller role and is killed in the initial battle on Solo. After the final invocation, he is paired with Mayaya.

===Daram Zuba===
An officer in the Ome Foundation who is also Harulu's former lover. Daram assists Harulu after her Dorowa Zan is destroyed in a fight against the Solo Ship. He also leads the pursuit of the Solo Ship on the planet Kyaral, and later to Earth. Daram betrays Gije by abandoning him on the moon, frustrated with his constant failures to defeat the Ideon. Gije gets his revenge by shooting Daram in the head during a duel with Cosmo on the Earth. In the movie version, Daram is not a member of the Ome Foundation, but rather a member of the regular Buff Clan military. In the movie, A Contact, he dies when his ship is blown up by the Ideon swords.

Daram is later shown carrying Harulu's spirit in his arms at the end of ''Be Invoked''.

===Gindoro Jinmu===
Leader of the Ome Foundation, a private corporation that conspires with Doba to overthrow the Buff Clan Emperor. Gindoro teams up with Doba at the end of the series after the Ome Foundation fails to defeat the Ideon. After the Emperor's death, he remains with Doba for a period of time, but then requests to return to the Buff Clan homeworld, unaware that their home planet has been destroyed. With the battle escalating, Gindoro tries to flee and argues with Doba, which results in him being killed. His spirit talks to Doba shortly after his death.

===Zuou Habel Gande===
Grand Emperor of the Buff Clan. For reasons never explained, Doba desires to overthrow him. A very minor character who only appears in one episode of the original TV series, Zuou is killed when meteors destroy the Buff Clan homeworld.

At the end of ''Be Invoked'', both his spirit and Doba appear and greet Cosmo and Kasha.

===Abadede Gurimade===
The initial commander of the Buff Clan investigation of Logo Dau (Solo) in the initial episodes and the main commander watching over Karala, Mayuyu, Gije, and Damido. He has a wife and child who he wishes to return home to. He is later killed on the planet Crystal Star, which he is forced to return to in pursuit of the Ideon after a previous expedition led to the destruction of his entire crew. In the end, he complains that he merely got a "fool's death" for ironically returning and being killed by the inhabitant creatures on that world.

===Guhaba Geba===
A subordinate of Harulu who is ordered by her to humiliate Karala when she reunites with her sister. He dies piloting a Zigg Mack in episode 14, trying to defeat the Ideon.

Later on, at the end of ''Be Invoked'', his spirit is reunited with Tolorof.

===Kilarul===
A subordinate and bodyguard of Harulu, she pilots a Zanza Lubu with Tolorof early in the film as they pursue the Solo Ship. After they are recovered, she talks about the manifestation of the Ide. When she, Harulu, and Tolorof infiltrate the Solo Ship, she shoots Banda Lotta to death after the latter kills Tolorof with a rocket launcher. She dies along with Harulu in the Bairal Jin’s [[Combat information center|CIC]] after the ship is destroyed by the Ideon’s Wave Leader Gun.

She reunites with Joliver Ira in spirit form at the end of ''Be Invoked''.

===Tolorof===
One of Harulu’s bodyguards, she pilots a Zanza Lubu with Kilarul. After their recovery, she wonders how the Solo Ship could brush off their attack if that wasn’t the case for the Ide’s manifestation. When Harulu infiltrates the Solo Ship to kill Karala, she is brought along with Kilarul, only to be killed by Banda Lotta when the latter fires a rocket launcher at her.

At the end of ''Be Invoked'', her spirit reunites with Guhaba Geba.

===Doku Jilbal===

===Rukuku Kil===
An officer in the Buff Clan military, with loyalties to the Emperor. She is sent to Earth to defeat the Solo Ship and Ideon after the Ome Foundation fails to do so. As a member of the military, she is rather arrogant towards Daram, but nonetheless allows him to fight under her command. Harulu sends an underling, Kulara Kina, to spy on her and when she find an old video of Daram and laughs at it, Harulu has her assassinated.

===Hannibal Gen===

==Earth Union==
===Mark Jordan===
Bes Father, A soldier, Mark was called in by Earth authorities in the hope of talking his son Bes into handing over the Solo Ship and the Ideon. Officers told him and his wife Elmi that Bes was committing treason. He tried to reason with his son, but he remained convinced that giving the Sixth Civilisation technology to Earth would be a bad move. Mark and his wife left disappointed in him.

===Elmi Jordan===
Bes' Mother, she cares for Bes' Father who is a soldier. She tried to reason with her son, but he remained convinced that giving the Sixth Civilization technology to Earth would be a bad move. Elmi and her husband left disappointed in Bes.

===Camyula Lanban===
A female officer in the military base Braziller. She calms Cosmo down after a fight with the Buff Clan. Her personality traits and looks remind Cosmo of his mother. Her death motivates Cosmo's urge to fight.

===Marshall Franklin===

===Kirarin Colbek===

===Frendali Limitter===

===Commander Leclan===

==Other characters==
===Kitty Kitten===
A teenage girl who Cosmo meets on the colony planet of Kyaral. Kitten is responsible for taking care of many of the orphaned children on her planet. She desires for the Solo Ship to leave their planet so the Buff Clan will leave them alone, but decides to help Cosmo and the others in their quest for supplies. She and Cosmo become good friends and Cosmo falls in love with her. Kitten is killed when she is shot by Daram Zuba, who had fled to Kyaral in an escape pod after a battle with the Ideon. In the movie version, she dies when she is decapitated in an explosion. Her death greatly traumatizes Cosmo.

Later on, at the end of Be Invoked, her spirit appears, along with the children she looked at. She reunites with Kasha and Deck, who are watching over a sleeping Cosmo. After telling Deck to go on ahead, she awakens Cosmo with a kiss. When Cosmo apologizes for not being able to protect her, Kitty forgives him, saying that she was happy just being with him.

===Gantsu Parkinson===

===Commodore===
The leader of the planet Ajian after it is devastated by the Buff Clan's Light Speed Missiles. Commodore blames the Solo Ship for this occurrence and teams up with Guldabra Dron of the Buff Clan when the Solo Ship returns to Ajian. He tricks Bes and the others when they arrive and takes all the civilians on the ship as hostages; killing Lin when Bes and the others don't immediately surrender. When Bes and the others arrive to rescue the hostages, Sheryl steals Bes' gun and shoots him. Gije puts him out of his misery.

===Messiah===
The hybrid unborn child of Bes Jordan and Karala Ajiba. Messiah's existence is revealed when Karala and Joliver are transported by the Ide to the Buff Clan's flagship, the Bairaru Jin. When she announces that she is pregnant with Bes's child, a series of events unfolds that leads to ''Be Invoked''s tragic ending.

Even though he is not yet born, Messiah demonstrates enormous influence over the Ide, such as producing miniature protective fields around his mother and anything within range and is capable of communicating with Piper Lou in a manner of telepathy. Such abilities lead to Cosmo and Kasha dubbing the child "Messiah", as it seems he and Piper Lou may be the trumpcards capable of manifesting, if not controlling, the Ide's true strength.

Messiah seems to also represent a possibility of peace between the Earthlings and the Buff Clan, but his mother's death at the hands of his aunt prevents his physical birth from ever becoming a reality.

After the destruction of the universe, Messiah and Piper Lou spiritually lead the survivors of both races onwards to enlightenment, as their naked souls all collectively join to be "reborn" and witness the creation of a new universe.

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Space Runaway Ideon Characters}}
[[Category:Lists of anime and manga characters|Space Runaway Ideon]]

Space Runaway Ideon

2025-06-02T12:31:15Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Japanese anime television series}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name = Space Runaway Ideon
| image = IdeonMovie BD.jpg
| caption = Blu-ray box art of the movie adaptation of the series: ''A Contact'' and ''Be Invoked''
| ja_kanji = 伝説巨神イデオン
| ja_romaji = Densetsu Kyojin Ideon
| genre = [[Drama]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Space Runaway Ideon |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=1097 |website=Anime News Network |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> [[Mecha anime|Mecha]],<ref name="hidive"/> [[space opera]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Høgset |first1=Stig |last2=Berman |first2=Jennifer |title=Space Runaway Ideon |url=https://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=998 |website=[[THEM Anime Reviews|T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews]] |access-date=January 6, 2020}}</ref>
| creator = [[Hajime Yatate]] [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]]
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| director = [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]]
| producer = {{ubl|Hiroshi Ishikawa {{small|(TV Tokyo)}}|Tadashi Matsushima {{small|([[Tokyu Group|Tokyu Agency]])}}|Toru Hasegawa {{small|(Sunrise)}}}}
| writer = {{ubl|Arata Koga|{{ill|Hiroyasu Yamaura|jp|山浦弘靖}}|{{ill|Kenichi Matsuzaki|jp|松崎健一}}|[[Sukehiro Tomita]]|Yuuji Watanabe}}
| music = [[Koichi Sugiyama]]
| licensee = {{English anime licensee|NA=[[Section23 Films#Maiden Japan|Maiden Japan]]}}
| studio = [[Bandai Namco Filmworks|Nippon Sunrise]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo|Tokyo Channel 12]]
| first = May 8, 1980
| last = January 30, 1981
| episodes = 39
| episode_list =
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = film
| title = The Ideon: A Contact
| director = [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]]
| producer = Toru Hasegawa
| writer = Kenichi Matsuzaki Sukehiro Tomita Yuji Watanabe Hiroyasu Yamaura
| music = Koichi Sugiyama
| studio = Sunrise [[Sanrio]]
| licensee = {{English anime licensee|NA=[[Section23 Films#Maiden Japan|Maiden Japan]]}}
| released = July 10, 1982
| runtime = 85 minutes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = film
| title = The Ideon: Be Invoked
| director = [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]]
| producer = Toru Hasegawa
| writer = [[Hiroyasu Yamaura]] [[Kenichi Matsuzaki]] [[Sukehiro Tomita]] [[Yūji Watanabe]]
| music = Koichi Sugiyama
| studio = Sunrise Sanrio
| licensee = {{English anime licensee|NA=[[Section23 Films#Maiden Japan|Maiden Japan]]}}
| released = July 10, 1982
| runtime = 100 minutes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}

{{Nihongo|'''''Space Runaway Ideon'''''|伝説巨神イデオン|Densetsu Kyojin Ideon|lit. ''Legendary Giant Ideon,'' also ''The Ideon''}} is a 1980 [[anime]] television series produced by [[Bandai Namco Filmworks|Sunrise]], created and directed by [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]], produced immediately following his signature work, ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam]]''. It first premiered on [[TV Tokyo]] from 1980 to 1981, followed by two feature films in 1982, and was later broadcast in Japan by the [[satellite television|satellite TV]] network [[Animax]] from September 2006.

Its mechanical designs were created by Yuichi Higuchi at Studio Submarine. The television series credited only the design studio, while Higuchi received full credit for the subsequent films. The characters were designed by [[Tomonori Kogawa]]. The series won the [[Animage]] Anime Grand Prix prize for the second half of 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://animageplus.jp/gp/gp_1981.html|title=月刊アニメージュ【公式サイト】|website=animage.jp|access-date=12 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804045059/http://animage.jp/gp/gp_1981.html|archive-date=4 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot summary==
===Television series (prior to the ending)===
''Space Runaway Ideon'' begins in 2300, far enough in the future that mankind has begun colonizing other planets. On the planet Solo in the [[Andromeda Galaxy]], a group of [[Archeology|archaeologists]] have come across the mysterious remains of the Ideon—three large armored tanks with the ability to combine into a godlike [[mecha]]. They also come across a large spaceship known as the Solo Ship. For six months, they have diligently restored the machines, but have failed to get the giant tanks to move. Suddenly, a humanoid alien civilization known as the Buff Clan comes across Solo.

Karala, the youngest daughter of the Buff Clan's military commander, Doba Ajiba, flies down to the planet against orders with her assistant Mayaya to investigate (her commanding officer, Gije, is reluctant to go with her due to her standing and the fact that he once was a soldier under her father). She is pursued closely by soldiers sent by Gije, but they lose sight of her. Assuming the "aliens" (Earthling colonists) have attacked Karala, the Buff Clan begins to attack. Cosmo Yuki, the [[afro]]-wearing protagonist of the series, and his friends Kasha Imhof and Deck Afta climb aboard the three tanks, which activate on their own, and, when they initially combine to form the Ideon, fend off the first assault, repelling Gije's men.

This is a short respite, though, as another force is sent down soon after. Bes Jordan, leader of the sparse military force stationed on Solo, orders that the Ideon tanks be armed with missiles, but while this is happening, the cities on Solo are obliterated by Buff Clan soldiers. Gije and his partner Damido, meeting up with the leader of their expedition, Abadidi Gurimade, soon launch more attacks on the planet Solo in an attempt to capture the Ideon (which they refer to as the 'Giant God'). The survivors flee inside the Solo Ship and Karala and Mayaya, who are mistaken by Bes as a colonist, are let onboard as well. Other civilians who quickly get onboard the Solo Ship include Sheryl Formosa, a linguist studying the civilization on Solo; Sheryl's sister, Lin; Banda Lotta; three children: Piper Lou, Ashura Nobaku, and Fard Maraka; mechanic Joliver Ira, pilot Hatari Naburu; and Moera Fatima.

The pilots Tekuno and Bento soon join Cosmo and Kasha as pilots of the Ideon's 3 parts and Moera soon replaces Bes as another pilot. Karala and Mayaya are soon discovered to be aliens, and while Mayaya is killed, Bes has taken a liking to Karala and she is allowed to live, although Sheryl and others distrust her. Karala tells everyone of the Legend of Ide, a story of the Buff Clan's savior, who saved them with the power of the Ide. The Buff Clan have searched the universe for this legendary existence, which is what powers both the Ideon and the Solo Ship.

The Solo Ship soon flees Solo using its powerful DS Drive engines and, after a fight in sub space with the Buff Clan, arrives at the planet Saurus Star. Bes, Cosmo, and the others confront Gije in a powerful Dogg Mack Mobile Suit and later in man to man fighting. Abadidi receives orders from above - Karala's elder sister Harulu - that they no longer have to worry about harming Karala and can kill her they need to, since she has shamed the Ajiba family by associating with the humans. The Buff Clan force chases the Solo Ship to the planet Crystal Star, where Abadidi heads out himself in a Dogg Mack. His attempts to destroy the Solo Ship with giant winged creatures known as Bajins backfires and it is he who is killed by them. With Abadidi dead and Damido injured, Harulu herself heads to the front. Arriving on the planet Ruins Star, Karala tries to make peace with her sister, but is humiliated by Harulu's underlings. Things get even worse for her when Banda Lotta, upset by all the harm the Buff Clan has caused, tries to kill her, but folds under pressure. Karala, who is willing to die, impresses everyone on the Solo Ship with her strength.

The Solo Ship arrives at an Earth base where Cosmo meets Camyula, a female officer who reminds him of his mother. She soon dies right in front of him, which renews his desire to fight. Damido, now recovered, makes one final attempt to destroy the Ideon, but is killed as well. The Solo Ship heads to the planet Ajian, and when Gije attacks the planet, the Ideon uses its powerful Black Hole Cannon, which prevents the Buff Clan's missiles from hitting the planet, but ends up destroying a lot of the planet as a result. Gije heads back to the Buff Clan homeworld as the Solo Ship travels to the planet Flag Star. The Solo Ship and Harulu's Dorowa Zan meet in space and the Dorowa is destroyed. Harulu flees in an escape capsule and meets up with Daram Zuba, a former lover and member of the Ome Foundation, which is plotting with Doba to overthrow the Buff Clan Emperor. With Gije with him, Daram now becomes the main adversary of the Solo Ship as it goes to the planet Kyaral. There, Cosmo meets Kitty Kitten, who desires for the Solo Ship to flee, since it will bring nothing but more heartbreak to their wartorn planet. Kitty is shot to death soon after by Daram and Cosmo is injured, saved only by a blood transfusion from Karala.

The Solo Ship, still pursued by Daram, approaches Earth, but the crew and the survivors learn that their fellow Earthlings will not welcome them. Sheryl and Joliver head to the moon to use the Earth military's powerful Gloria computer and discover that the power of Ide is infinite. The Solo Ship is attacked yet again and the Ideon uses its newest weapon, the Ideon Gun, to defend itself. The 3 children sneak aboard the Ideon in their latest battle with the Buff Clan's Barume Baram Mobile Weapon, which becomes an unforeseen benefit as the reaction of the children in danger makes the Ideon even more powerful and yet another weapon, the Ideon Sword, is revealed. Gije, abandoned by Daram, meets Sheryl and sneaks aboard the Solo Ship. Few trust him, even after he kills Daram in a battle on Earth. With the Earth's military completely rejecting them, the Solo Ship flees without a home to go back to.

The Buff Clan continues to send high ranking Buff Clan officers after the Solo Ship, but they all fail. Moera is killed in battle to the distress of everyone, especially medic Rapot. Gije takes his place as one of the Ideon's pilots. The Solo Ship returns to Ajian, whose inhabitants now despise them for what happened earlier and their military leader takes hostages, killing Lin before he is stopped. The Solo Ship flees to the planet Steckin Star and Gije is killed when the Ideon is heavily damaged. The Ideon continues to get more and more powerful as the battles and deaths escalate, and the Ideon chops the entire planet in half as it makes its escape.

===TV ending===
With repeated failure by his military leaders, Doba himself heads out on the Buff Clan flagship, the Bairal Jin. Along with him is the Ome Foundation leader, Gindoro. Karala and Joliver suddenly find themselves transported to the Bairal Jin and are caught by Doba and his men. Karala reveals that she is pregnant with the child of an Earthling (Bes), to the shock of everyone, and they make their escape. The Solo Ship heads there to save them. Doba then declares that he will do whatever it takes to kill his own daughter, causing the Ideon's power to invoke. Karala and Joliver continue to head through the halls of the Bairal Jin and hide from the soldiers. They find the Heavy Mobile Mecha hangar and defeat the soldiers there chasing them. Doba orders his soldiers to find the source of the recent tremors occurring around the Bairal Jin. Suddenly, the Solo Ship departs from DS space right in front of the Bairal Jin and rams right into it. The Buff Clan's forces approach the Solo Ship and the Ideon heads out to fight them. Karala and Joliver, putting on spacesuits, realize that the Solo Ship has come to rescue them.

They leave the dock, but are still pursued by soldiers. Cosmo tells the Solo Ship to keep the Ideon Gun since they won't be able to use it there. Bes and Hatari are able to find Karala and Joliver. A strange light glows from Karala's abdomen. Bes heads to one of the Solo Ship's cannons to help Karala. He fires upon the soldiers pursuing her and Joliver. They make their way to a small Buff Clan shuttle. The Ideon uses its 'All Missiles' attack on the enemy. Joliver tells Karala she's gotten stronger as they head out in the shuttle. Bes tells Hatari to pull back the Solo Ship and have the Ideon protect Karala and Joliver. Cosmo brings the Ideon towards their shuttle, but it is blown up by a stray blast seconds before the Ideon reaches it. Cosmo curses the Buff Clan over Karala and Joliver's apparent deaths. Hatari says the Ideon gauge has returned to normal and Bes orders him to reverse the thrusters and escape. Doba is upset at his force's lack of success against the enemy. Suddenly, a glowing light appears in front of the Ideon. It is Karala and Joliver, unharmed. The Ideon grabs them and heads back towards the Solo Ship. Cosmo tells Bes and Hatari the good news. Joliver tells Karala she's a great woman and that he'd be with her if she wasn't with Bes already. The Solo Ship escapes into Null Space.

Doba orders his forces to track down the Solo Ship, even if they have to go to the end of the universe. At that moment, the Ideon is invoked. Yet another strange light envelops the Solo Ship. Doba and Karala's encounter was the last chance humanity had, and both sides rejected it. The Ideon releases its infinite power, using Karala's baby as the trigger, and the Ideon wipes out both races. It scatters humanity and the Buff Clan, sending them to the end of the universe to be reborn as wise and kindhearted, to use technology more wisely, and never to repeat the same mistakes they did by using technology. The souls of Piper Lou and Karala's baby then travel through space.

===Be Invoked===
After the TV series ends, the second movie changes events drastically. The Buff Clan is quickly finishing its work on the Gando Rowa, a powerful warship that might be even more powerful than the Ideon. After Doba declares that he will hunt his daughter to the ends of the universe, the Solo Ship flees under pursuit of many Buff Clan troops. Harulu sends out her top fighters, Tororof and Kilarul, in the Zanza Lubu. Sheryl, drunken and mad over Lin and Gije's deaths and armed with the knowledge that the Ide desires to protect children, brings out Piper Lou onto the deck of the ship in order to strengthen the Ideon. The force of the Ideon Gun blows her right off the ship to her death, reuniting her with her beloved Gije. Karala saves Piper Lou and the Solo Ship escapes.

On the bridge of the Solo Ship, Karala reveals to everyone else that she's pregnant with Bes' child, who Cosmo and the others call a Messiah. Kilarul and Tororof head back to Harulu, telling her that Karala and her unborn child are what manifest the Ide. Harulu decides to both prevent the child's birth and stop the Ide's power from invoking by killing Karala. The Zanza Lubu that she, Kilarul, and Tororof are on is destroyed in battle, but the three make their way onto the Solo Ship. Tororof is killed by Banda Lotta, who is killed shortly after by Kilarul. Karala reveals herself and tries to kill Harulu, only to be shot in the face and killed by Harulu, who flees immediately after along with Kilarul. It isn't long before the two of them are annihilated by the Ideon Gun.

Meanwhile, meteors strike Earth, its colony planets, and the Buff Clan's homeworld, killing everyone and reducing them to uninhabitable wastelands. Gindoro, afraid of the Ideon and wishing to flee, refuses to listen to Doba and is subsequently killed. Doba, angry with the deaths of his daughters, has the Buff Clan military force continue to attack the Solo Ship as it approaches the Gando Rowa. In the ensuing battle, Kasha is killed by shrapnel and Buff Clan soldiers make their way to the Solo Ship bridge. Hatari, Rapot, and Ashura are killed, while Fard is mortally wounded. Bes is shot in the neck, hanging on long enough to fire back at the remaining assailants. Doba doesn't care about sacrificing everyone's lives as long as the Ideon is destroyed, causing his own soldiers to kill him, only for them to be killed when the Ideon attacks the bridge. The Ideon tries to destroy the Gando Rowa, which fires and kills everyone and destroys the Solo Ship. The Ide is invoked as the Ideon and the Gando Rowa are destroyed by a resulting blast wiping out the entire universe.

The naked souls of everyone, Buff Clan and Earthlings peaceful at last, ascend through space. Bes and Karala's baby, the Messiah, leads everyone to a new planet in the universe that closely resembles Earth.

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
! Character !! Actor !! Character !! Actor
|-
| Cosmo Yuki || [[Yoku Shioya]] || Bes Jordan || [[Hideyuki Tanaka]]
|-
| Kasha Imhof || [[Fuyumi Shiraishi]] || Karala Ajiba || [[Keiko Toda]]
|-
| Sheryl Formosa || [[Yō Inoue]] || Gije Zaral || [[Kazuo Hayashi]]
|-
| Deck Afta || Tatsuya Matsuda || Lotta Banda || [[Eiko Hisamura]]
|-
| Moera Fatima || Hideki Sasaki || Rapoh Famu || Kimiko Tsuruta
|-
| Lin Formosa || [[Keiko Yokozawa]] || Ashura Novak || Masako Matsubara
|-
| Fard Malaka || [[Sanae Takagi]] || Joliver Ira || [[Kaneto Shiozawa]]
|-
| Harulu Ajiba || [[Yōko Asagami]] || Doba Ajiba || [[Takkō Ishimori]]
|-
| Damido Pechi || [[Banjō Ginga]] || Daram Zuba || Shojiro Kihara
|-
| Gindoro Jinma || [[Seizō Katō]] || Kitty Kitten || [[Rumiko Ukai]]
|-
|}

==Media==
===DVD releases===
The home video releases of Ideon have all had very limited production runs. The series' first DVD box was overproduced, resulting in many units that did not sell even years after the release, so the second boxset and movie boxset had much fewer units produced. As a result, they sold out quickly and it was not uncommon to see the second boxset alone command a price of over 80,000 yen used on such websites as Yahoo! Japan auctions or amazon.co.jp, or all three boxsets sell for over 120,000 yen (over $1,000 USD), a remarkable feat for 38 episodes and 2 movies. (For reference, the retail price on the 153 episode Dragon Ball boxset sold new for 100,000 yen, $800 USD.)

In 2006 Ideon was re-released on single DVDs, but the singles, like previous Ideon releases, went quickly out of print due to a low production run. A [[Blu-ray]] box set of the TV series was released on February 2, 2013.

On November 8, 2017, [[Hidive]] announced that they will stream the series on their website beginning on November 9, 2017.<ref name="hidive">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-11-08/hidive-streams-classic-mecha-anime-space-runaway-ideon/.123783|title=HIDIVE Streams Classic Mecha Anime Space Runaway Ideon|publisher=Anime News Network|date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> As of August 2023 the series is no longer available on Hidive. On July 5, 2018, anime distributor [[Section23 Films#Maiden Japan|Maiden Japan]] announced their license to the series.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hodgkins|first1=Crystalyn|title=Maiden Japan Licenses Maria Watches Over Us, Hataraki Man, Basquash!, Yumeiro Pâtissière, Votoms, Ideon, Xabungle, Human Crossing Anime|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-07-05/maiden-japan-licenses-maria-watches-over-us-hataraki-man-basquash-yumeiro-patissiere-votoms-ideon-xabungle-human-crossing-anime/.133826|website=Anime News Network|access-date=July 5, 2018|date=July 5, 2018}}</ref> A 2-disc SD[[Blu-ray Disc|BD]] set was set to be released on December 11, 2018, however, after fan complaints, considering the quality shown on the Hidive stream at the time, Section23 announced that the SDBD set would be cancelled and replaced with a HD Blu-ray set down the line.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ressler|first=Karen|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-10-23/maiden-japan-cancels-sd-space-runaway-ideon-blu-ray-plans-hd-release/.138524|title=Maiden Japan Cancels SD Space Runaway Ideon Blu-ray, Plans HD Release|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=October 23, 2018|date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> The HD Blu-ray set was released on February 5, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shop.sentaifilmworks.com/collections/pre-order/products/space-runaway-ideon-complete-collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116043408/https://shop.sentaifilmworks.com/collections/pre-order/products/space-runaway-ideon-complete-collection|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 16, 2018|title=Space Runaway Ideon Complete Collection|website=[[Sentai Filmworks]] Shop|access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref>

===Novelizations===
{{Book table |background=#A2BBAC |book_number= |title= |author= |publisher= |publish_date= |isbn= |books=
{{Book list
| book_number = 1
| title = {{nihongo|Space Runaway Ideon Ⅰ: Awakening|伝説巨神イデオンⅠ －覚醒編－}}
| author = [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]]
| publisher = [[Asahi Sonorama]]
| publish_date = November 1981
| isbn = 9784257761938
| line_color = novel
| short_summary =
}}
{{Book list
| book_number = 2
| title = {{nihongo|Space Runaway Ideon Ⅱ: Movement|伝説巨神イデオンⅡ －胎動編－}}
| author = Yoshiyuki Tomino
| publisher = Asahi Sonorama
| publish_date = March 1982
| isbn = 9784257762003
| line_color = novel
| short_summary =
}}
{{Book list
| book_number = 3
| title = {{nihongo|Space Runaway Ideon Ⅲ: Activation|伝説巨神イデオンⅢ －発動編－}}
| author = Yoshiyuki Tomino
| publisher = Asahi Sonorama
| publish_date = July 1982
| isbn = 9784257762102
| line_color = novel
| short_summary =
}}
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|1980s}}
* [[List of Space Runaway Ideon episodes]]
* [[List of Space Runaway Ideon characters]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{anime News Network|anime|1097|Ideon}}
* [http://www.gearsonline.net/series/ideon/ ''Ideon'' designs at Gears Online]
* {{IMDb title|tt0476513}}(TV)
* {{IMDb title|tt1015980}}(Film)
* {{IMDb title|tt0400352}}(Film)

{{Yoshiyuki Tomino}}
{{Sanrio}}
{{Anime Grand Prix}}
{{Sunrise}}
{{Sunrise films}}

[[Category:1980 anime television series debuts]]
[[Category:1982 anime films]]
[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:Television series set in the 23rd century]]
[[Category:Animated space adventure television series]]
[[Category:Anime with original screenplays]]
[[Category:Bandai Namco franchises]]
[[Category:Drama anime and manga]]
[[Category:Maiden Japan]]
[[Category:Sanrio]]
[[Category:Space opera anime and manga]]
[[Category:Sunrise (company)]]
[[Category:Super robot anime and manga]]
[[Category:Existentialist anime and manga]]
[[Category:Television series created by Yoshiyuki Tomino]]
[[Category:TV Tokyo original programming]]

Production I.G

2025-05-31T11:20:14Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Japanese animation studio}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Production I.G, Inc.
| logo = Production I.G Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_caption = Logo used since 1993
| image = PRODUCTION I.G STUDIO.jpg
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Musashino, Tokyo]]
| trade_name =
| native_name = 株式会社プロダクション・アイジー
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = Kabushiki-gaisha Purodakushon Ai Jī
| former_name = I.G Tatsunoko (1987–1993)
| type = [[Kabushiki gaisha]]
| industry = {{Unbulleted list|[[Animation]]|[[Cinema of Japan|Feature film]]|[[Television in Japan|Television]]|[[Video game industry|Video games]]}}
| predecessor = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1987|12|15}} (studio) {{Start date and age|2007|11|1}} (company)
| founders = {{unbulleted list|[[Mitsuhisa Ishikawa]]|Takayuki Goto}}
| hq_location_city = [[Musashino, Tokyo]]
| hq_location_country = Japan
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mitsuhisa Ishikawa]] ([[Chairperson|chairman]])|[[George Wada]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}
| products = {{Unbulleted list|[[Animated film]]s|[[Animated series|Animated TV programs]]|[[Original Video Animation|OVA]]|[[Original net animation|ONA]]|[[Video game]]s|}}
| num_employees = 219
| num_employees_year = 2022
| parent = {{Unbulleted list|[[Tatsunoko Production]] (1987–1990)|ING (1990–2000)|[[IG Port]] (2007–present)}}
| divisions = {{ubl|I.G Digital|I.G3D|Production I.G Niigata|Production I.G USA}}
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.production-ig.co.jp/}}
| footnotes = <ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/company/aboutus.html|script-title=ja:会社概要|language=ja|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=August 31, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Production I.G, Inc.'''|株式会社プロダクション・アイジー|Kabushiki-gaisha Purodakushon Ai Jī|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[animation studio]].

Headquartered in [[Musashino, Tokyo]], Production I.G was founded on December 15, 1987, by producer [[Mitsuhisa Ishikawa]] and [[character designer]] Takayuki Goto as '''I.G Tatsunoko''', a branch studio of the animation giant [[Tatsunoko Production]], changing its name to the current Production I.G in September 1993.<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/about_us/01_/index.html|title= COMPANY PROFILE |publisher=Production I.G|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414100007/http://www.productionig.com/contents/about_us/01_/index.html|archive-date=April 14, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The letters I and G derive from the names of the company founders.<ref name="natalie559014_1">{{cite web |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/column/559014 |title=アニメスタジオクロニクル No.11 Production I.G 石川光久 (代表取締役会長) (1) |trans-title=Anime Studio Chronicle No.11 Production I.G Mitsuhisa Ishikawa (Representative Director and Chairman) (1) |page=1|last= |first= |date=February 20, 2024 |language=ja|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> Since 2007, Production I.G is a subsidiary of the [[IG Port]] holding company, causing a restructuring which led to the second incarnation of the studio being formed. Ishikawa was president and CEO of the studio until August 2022 when that position was given to [[George Wada]] with Ishikawa remaining as chairman of the company.

Production I.G went through a number of structural changes, not only stepping up from subcontractor to prime contractor to financier of animation production, but also changing the very scheme of the animation business in Japan.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net1">{{cite web |url=https://www.jinzai-bank.net/edit/info.cfm/tm/094/ |title=魂の仕事人第25回其の一 |trans-title=Soul Craftsman No. 25 Part 1 |last= |first= |date=August 20, 2007 |language=ja|website=Jinzai bank net |publisher=HR vision |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref><ref name="jinzai-bank.net2">{{cite web |url=https://www.jinzai-bank.net/edit/info.cfm/tm/095/ |title=魂の仕事人第25回其の二 |trans-title=Soul Craftsman No. 25 Part 2 |last= |first= |date=August 27, 2007 |language=ja|website=Jinzai bank net |publisher=HR vision |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> The studio has implemented a series of measures that break with industry norms, such as investing in productions that are unprecedented for an animation studio, entering the copyright business, establishing a finance company, establishing overseas subsidiaries, and negotiating directly with major Hollywood [[movie studios]].<ref name="jinzai-bank.net1"/><ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/> The studio established a [[holding company]], IG Port, which owns Production I.G itself as well as animation studios [[Wit Studio]]. And the studio has continued to change and expand its business format, merging with publisher [[Mag Garden]], establishing electronic content distribution company Lingua Franca, and forming a comprehensive business alliance with Netflix.<ref name="animationbusiness13287">{{cite web |url=http://animationbusiness.info/archives/13287 |title=プロダクションI.G代表取締役社長に和田丈嗣氏が就任、石川光久氏は代表権のある会長へ |trans-title=Joji Wada is appointed President and CEO of Production I.G. Mitsuhisa Ishikawa becomes Chairman of the Board with representation rights |last= |first= |date=June 25, 2022 |language=ja|website= |publisher= Animation Business Journal |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref><ref name="animeanime47064_2">{{cite web |url=https://animeanime.jp/article/2019/07/22/47064_2.html |title=「世界が注目するアニメ制作スタジオが切り開く未来」Vol.17 Production I.G (2) |trans-title=“The future opened up by an anime production studio that attracts attention around the world” Vol.17 Production I.G (2) |page=2|last=Ishijima |first=Eiwa|date=July 22, 2019 |language=ja|website= Anime! Anime! |publisher= iid |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref>
While other major studios are being acquired one after another by large companies and placed under their umbrella, the studio has remained independent (as of 2024).<ref name="ANNinterviewig">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2000-08-01|title=Interview: Production I.G|last=Macdonald|first=Christopher|date=August 1, 2000|access-date=May 31, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531181049/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2000-08-01|archive-date=May 31, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since its inception, Production I.G has produced many of Japan's leading creators, including [[Mamoru Oshii]] and [[Kenji Kamiyama]].<ref name="animeanime47064_1">{{cite web |url=https://animeanime.jp/article/2019/07/22/47064.html |title=「世界が注目するアニメ制作スタジオが切り開く未来」Vol.17 Production I.G (1) |trans-title=“The future opened up by an anime production studio that attracts attention around the world” Vol.17 Production I.G (1) |page=1|last=Ishijima |first=Eiwa|date=July 22, 2019 |language=ja|website= Anime! Anime! |publisher= iid |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> It has also produced a number of acclaimed [[Feature film|feature films]], television series, OVAs ([[Original video animation|Original Video Animations]]), ONAs ([[Original net animation|Original Net Animations]]), and [[Video game|video games]].<ref name="animationbusiness13287"/><ref name="japansociety">{{cite web |url=http://www.japansociety.org/content.cfm/mitsuhisa_ishikawa |title=Mitsuhisa Ishikawa (石川光久) President, Production I.G.|trans-title= |last= |first= |author-link= |page= |date= |language=|website= |publisher=Japan Society Innovators Network |access-date=May 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907184610/http://www.japansociety.org/content.cfm/mitsuhisa_ishikawa |archive-date=September 7, 2008 }}</ref> Its representative works include the ''[[Ghost in the Shell]]'' series, the ''[[Psycho-Pass]]'' series, ''[[Blood: The Last Vampire]]'' and its derivative works such as ''[[Blood+]]'', the animation sequences of ''[[Kill Bill Vol. 1]]'', ''[[Eden of the East]]'', ''[[Guilty Crown]]'', ''[[Kuroko's Basketball]]'', and ''[[Haikyu!!]]''<ref name="animationbusiness13287"/><ref name="animeanime47064_1"/> It is also known in the video game industry for developing intros, cut-scenes and artwork for games such as [[Bandai Namco Entertainment|Bandai Namco]]'s ''[[Tales (video game series)|Tales]]'' series. Furthermore, it has also spawned such influential animation studios as Wit Studio and Signal.MD, and its influence on the Japanese animation industry is immeasurable.<ref name="animeanime47064_1"/>

Production I.G's works have received critical acclaim outside of Japan, with Mamoru Oshii's ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]''{{efn|It would spawn a [[Ghost in the Shell|media franchise]].}} reaching #1 on the U.S. Billboard Top Video Sales Charts in 1996, and ''[[Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence]]'' was the first Japanese animation film to be nominated in Competition at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="jinzai-bank.net1"/><ref name="japansociety"/> [[Hiroyuki Okiura]]'s ''[[Jin-Roh: The Wolf Brigade]]'' and [[Hiroyuki Kitakubo]]'s ''Blood: The Last Vampire'' have also been highly acclaimed.<ref name="japansociety"/> Those works have also influenced famous Hollywood creators. As a result, it was decided that ''[[The Matrix]]'', directed by [[Lana and Lilly Wachowski]], would be produced, and Production I.G produced the animation sequences for [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s ''Kill Bill Vol. 1''.<ref name="japansociety"/><ref name="ign20170327">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2017/03/27/8-things-you-didnt-know-about-ghost-in-the-shell |last= Complex |first= Valerie |title=8 Things You Didn't Know About Ghost in the Shell |trans-title= |language= |page= |date=March 28, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2024|website= | publisher = [[IGN]]}}</ref> When pitching the idea for ''The Matrix'' to producer [[Joel Silver]], The Wachowskis showed him ''Ghost in the Shell'' anime film and told him they wanted to make a similar movie.<ref name="ign20170327"/> Quentin Tarantino liked ''Blood: The Last Vampire'' so much that he himself visited the studio and asked Production I.G to participate in the production of the film.{{efn|Gogo Yubari in a sailor suit wielding a [[Japanese sword]] was inspired by the film's main character Saya.}}<ref name="avwatch20090217">{{Cite web|url= https://av.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20090217/aniplex.htm |last= |first= |title=アニプレックス、「BLOOD THE LAST VAMPIRE」をBlu-ray化|trans-title=Aniplex releases "Blood: The Last Vampire" on Blu-ray |language= ja|page= |date=October 22, 2003 |access-date=May 30, 2024|website= |publisher = All About}}</ref><ref name="allabout206146">{{Cite web|url=https://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/206146/3/ |last=Minami |first=Juri |title=『キル・ビル』来日会見 (3) |trans-title="Kill Bill" press conference in Japan (3) |language= ja|page= |date=October 22, 2003 |access-date=May 30, 2024|website= |publisher = All About}}</ref> However, Production I.G was very busy at the time and was in no condition to accept the request, so Ishikawa initially declined the request. Then Tarantino began sending drafts of screenplays to the studio one after another without asking. As Ishikawa read them, he gradually became interested in the film and eventually accepted the request.<ref name="allabout206146"/>

==History==
On December 15, 1987, Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, a producer at Tatsunoko Production, established IG Tatsunoko Ltd., the predecessor of Production IG, with Takayuki Goto, who had organized Studio Chime.<ref name="animationbusiness13287"/> It was in the form of an independent Tatsunoko production branch led by the staff who participated in the Tatsunoko-produced TV series ''[[Zillion (anime)|Zillion]]''.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> Japan was experiencing a booming economy at that time thanks to the [[economic bubble]], but it was a difficult time for the animation industry to create new anime. Original animation projects that may or may not be successful were particularly difficult to pass, and there were few opportunities for young talent to demonstrate their abilities. Ishikawa therefore planned ''Zillion'' to provide them with a place to play an active role.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> Ishikawa, already a [[freelancer]], was entrusted with the work as a Tatsunoko Production branch separated from the company.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref name="animeanime47064_1"/><ref name="TOMinterview">{{cite web|url=https://otakumode.com/news/5d2ed7f9393e4ac85c4f0ec9/Anime-Site-Collaboration-Project-Vol-17-Production-I-G|title=Anime Site Collaboration Project Vol. 17: Production I.G|date=July 22, 2019|access-date=June 15, 2023|website=Tokyo Otaku Mode News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615162448/https://otakumode.com/news/5d2ed7f9393e4ac85c4f0ec9/Anime-Site-Collaboration-Project-Vol-17-Production-I-G|archive-date=June 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Takashi Nakamura]], [[Kōichi Mashimo]], Takayuki Goto (later Production I.G board member), [[Hiroyuki Okiura]] and [[Kazuchika Kise]] (later Production I.G board member) who were at Anime R and Mu in [[Osaka]] at the time, as well as Mizuho Nishikubo and Mamoru Oshii helped in the production. [[Kyoto Animation]] also participated in the production.<ref name="animeanime47064_1"/><ref name="TOMinterview" /> After ''Zillion'', he could have disbanded the team, but he sensed that everyone wanted to continue working together with this group, so he started I.G Tatsunoko.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/> The company was formed by merging the ''Zillion'' production team and Studio Chime, which was run by Takayuki Goto, who designed its characters, with the cooperation of Kyoto Animation.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/>
Animator [[Kazuchika Kise]] also joined the studio early on.<ref group="Web">{{cite news|url =https://www.productionig.com/contents/people/2005/11/studio_2_part_0.html|title =Studio 2 Part 01: Kazuchika Kise and the birth of Studio 2|website =Production I.G |access-date= May 30, 2024}}</ref> Hideaki Hatta, President and CEO of Kyoto Animation, who encouraged Ishikawa to become president, supported him in establishing the company and even invested in it.<ref name="animeanime47064_1"/> The company name "I.G" was named by Takayuki Goto, after the initials "I" of Ishikawa, the head of the production team, and "G" of Goto, the head of the animation studio. It was Ishikawa's idea to put Tatsunoko in the company name because he thought it would make it easier to get work and out of consideration for Tatsunoko, which had trained him.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/><ref name="TOMinterview" /> The company name was changed to Production I.G in 1993.<ref name="animationbusiness13287"/><ref group="Web" name="history">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/company/history.html|publisher=Production I.G|script-title=ja:会社案内 - 沿革|language=ja|access-date=April 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426153520/https://www.production-ig.co.jp/company/history.html|archive-date=April 26, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Mitsuhisa Ishikawa - Lucca Comics & Games 2015.JPG|thumb|Founder [[Mitsuhisa Ishikawa]] in 2015]]

After becoming independent, I.G's work was mainly subcontracted to other studios for a while.<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/> Soon after becoming independent, I.G received an offer from [[Studio Deen]] to subcontract the production of Mamoru Oshii's ''[[Patlabor]]'' OVA and the movie, and with these hits, I.G solidified its position in the industry.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/> However, Ishikawa began to feel dissatisfied with the fact that even though his company, a subcontractor, actually produced the works, it was only credited as a production partner in the end credits, while the name of the main contractor came to the forefront, and he also began to think that the studio would not be able to survive on low-budget subcontract work in the future.<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/> Ishikawa therefore founded Ing Co., Ltd. in 1990, a planning and production company that handles copyright business.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> In the anime industry, studios cannot make a profit if they only subcontract production. Ishikawa therefore established Ing with the idea of earning income not only from anime production but also from copyrights, and the studio invested in its works.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref name="animeanime47064_2"/> During his time at Tatsunoko Productions, Ishikawa had seen how the company generate revenue through the operation of the copyrights for original works, so he decided to follow suit.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> However, he chose a name that was as unobtrusive as possible and not reminiscent of I.G, so as not to alarm the large companies that were already in the copyright business.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> For ''Patlabor'', Production I.G was a subcontractor for the first film in 1989, but was promoted to prime company for the second film in 1993, and even invested in the film.<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/> After that, Ishikawa continued to use Ing as a company responsible for matters related to contracts and funding, and invested in I.G works under the Ing name. ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' was the only non-I.G studio's work that Ing invested in, and Ishikawa said that investing in this blockbuster work turned out to be a very good result for the studio.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/>

Production I.G produced the film ''Ghost in the Shell'', which was released in Japan in 1995. When this video was released in the U.S., it was ranked No. 1 in the U.S. [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard magazine]]'s Sell Video category in 1996, and the studio became known as one of the top animation studios in the world, both in name and reality.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/> The film would go on to spawn a ''Ghost in the Shell'' franchise that includes sequel and reboot films, television series, original video animation, and original net animation. Ishikawa says this work was the biggest turning point for the studio.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> In Japanese anime production, manufacturers which are involved in the manufacturing, sale and distribution of [[video software]], [[Television station|television stations]], [[publishers]] and [[advertising agencies]] form a production committee, and animation studios generally join after the committee is formed. Since this would not be profitable enough for the studio, Ishikawa decided that the studio needed to move from being the one who was given permission to produce works to being the one who had the right to grant permission. He approached [[Kodansha]], the publisher of the original ''[[Ghost in the Shell (manga)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' manga, and obtained permission to produce three forms of production: an anime TV series, a movie, and a video game. Since Production I.G has a direct contract with Kodansha for the rights to produce anime adaptations from the original manga, it is able to take the initiative when forming the production committee, including the ability to issue usage licenses to each of the participating companies.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref name="animeanime47064_2"/> This allows Production I.G to develop a wide range of ''Ghost in the Shell'' anime franchises, including animation TV series, games, and movies.<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/> Ishikawa's decision was successful and brought in a fairly large amount of money for Production I.G, and the studio subsequently expanded its activities.<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/> After that, Production I.G began to get involved in the copyright business and grew into a company that was not just a production company, but also an investor.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/> In the 2004 film ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence'', Ishikawa took a major risk to change the scheme of the Japanese animation business.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net2"/> He planned to make Production I.G, which had become a prime contractor and could invest somewhat, but was still just an animation production company, cut into a client position previously dominated by TV stations, publishing companies, and advertising agencies.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net3">{{cite web |url=https://www.jinzai-bank.net/edit/info.cfm/tm/095/ |title=魂の仕事人第25回其の三 |trans-title=Soul Craftsman No. 25 Part 3 |last= |first= |date=September 3, 2007 |language=ja|website=Jinzai bank net |publisher=HR vision |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> Traditionally, it has been common knowledge that once an animation studio produces and delivers a work and receives payment for it, its relationship with the work ends, and any further profits are monopolized by the publishing company, television station, or advertising agency that has invested in the work and holds the copyrights.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net3"/> Anime studios need a lot of money to continue to produce high-quality works and to pay their animators, directors, and other staff appropriately, but it was impossible to do so under such conditions. Therefore, Ishikawa decided to become an investor.<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/><ref name="jinzai-bank.net3"/> Ishikawa decided to produce ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence'' on the studio's own , rather than relying on the publisher or other companies in Japan. In order to obtain production financing from major Hollywood film companies, he and Director Oshii traveled to the U.S. with a screenplay and negotiated directly with them without going through a major Japanese advertising agency.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net3"/> Ishikawa narrowed down the list of negotiating partners to [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]], [[Warner Bros.]], and [[20th century Fox]], and finally signed a contract with DreamWorks, founded by [[Steven Spielberg]], and succeeded in raising a huge amount of money and securing a promise of worldwide distribution.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net3"/> On the other hand, advertising and publicity in Japan was entrusted to [[Toshio Suzuki (producer)|Toshio Suzuki]], a producer at [[Studio Ghibli]].<ref name="jinzai-bank.net4">{{cite web |url=https://www.jinzai-bank.net/edit/info.cfm/tm/097/ |title=魂の仕事人第25回其の四 |trans-title=Soul Craftsman No. 25 Part 2 |last= |first= |date=September 10, 2007 |language=ja|website=Jinzai bank net |publisher=HR vision |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> Suzuki's power made possible a large-scale advertising campaign that I.G. would not have been able to carry out alone, but it also created some difficulties.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net4"/> Ishikawa's strategy was to first work with a major global distributor to make ''Ghost in the Shell 2'' a hit in the U.S., where the first ''Ghost in the Shell'' video sold well, and then import it back to Japan, but Suzuki rejected this.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net4"/> He suggested that the film be a hit in Japan before the rest of the world and that the studio forget about the success of the previous film and make it not as a sequel but as a completely new film. As a result, the Japanese title was changed from ''Ghost in the Shell 2'' to ''Innocence''.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net4"/> Furthermore, most of the investors have changed from the original lineup.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net4"/> This was an unthinkable situation, and the project could have been scrapped, but Ishikawa was able to renegotiate the contract with his remarkable negotiating skills.<ref name="jinzai-bank.net4"/>

In May 1995, Production I.G established a subsidiary studio, [[Xebec (studio)|Xebec]].<ref group="Web" name="history"/> In 1997, Production I.G invested in [[Bee Train Production|Bee Train]], a studio founded by Kōichi Mashimo, and also established Production I.G.,LLC, an overseas subsidiary based in Los Angeles.<ref group="Web" name="history"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wong|first=Amos|title=Inside Bee Train|journal=[[Newtype USA]]|pages=8–15|date=March 2005}}</ref> The company co-developed and co-produced the television series IGPX, directed by [[Mitsuru Hongo]], with [[Cartoon Network]] in 2005. This was the first collaboration between an American cable network and a Japanese anime studio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anime-pulse.com/2006/04/05/a-night-with-mitsuhisa-ishikawa/|title=A night with Mitsuhisa Ishikawa|date=April 5, 2006|access-date=October 22, 2007|author=Ichigo|website=Anime Pulse|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010012737/http://www.anime-pulse.com/2006/04/05/a-night-with-mitsuhisa-ishikawa/|archive-date=October 10, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>

Production I.G was recapitalized and became a [[joint-stock company]] from a limited company in April 1998, and merged with Ing in September 2000.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref group="Web" name="history"/>

In 2000, Production I.G produced the movie ''Blood: The Last Vampire'', the first full-digital animation in Japan.<ref name="avwatch20090217"/> This was the first time for Production I.G to acquire the original rights to a work.<ref group="Web" name="history"/>

In the 2000s, Production I.G began to produce more TV series, especially those based on popular manga series published in magazines such as [[Weekly Shōnen Jump|Shōnen Jump]].<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/>
This was the result of Ishikawa's focus on creating a business scheme and leaving the animation production site to younger staff and producers, giving priority to their wishes.<ref name="animeanime47064_2"/>

In 2004, Bee Train acquired the shares held by Production I.G and ceased to be an equity method affiliate of Production I.G. Mitsuhisa Ishikawa also resigned from Bee Train's board.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-02-10/errata-bee-train-no-longer-subsidiary-of-i.g |title=Errata: Bee Train No Longer Subsidiary of I.G |website=[[Anime News Network]] |date=February 10, 2006 |access-date=October 2, 2013}}</ref>

In 2005, Production I.G. Inc. went public on the [[JASDAQ]] stock exchange.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref name="animationbusiness13287"/> With the funds raised through the [[IPO]], Production I.G founded a new studio capable of producing the latest [[3D computer graphics|3DCG]] animation at the time, and co-founded FILM LIP, a studio capable of digital editing, with [[Fuji Television]].<ref name="jinzai-bank.net4"/>

In 2007, Production I.G, Inc. changed its trade name to IG Port Inc. and at the same time established a new subsidiary under the name Production I.G. Inc.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref group="Web" name="history"/>
The company name and its function as an anime studio were taken over by the subsidiary, and the listing was maintained under the name IG Port.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> Mitsuhisa Ishikawa was also the representative director of Production I.G and IG Port.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> In the same year, IG Port acquired Mag Garden, a publisher specializing in comics, which publishes the [[monthly Comic Blade]], as a subsidiary.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/><ref name="merg1">{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-07-05/production-i.g-announces-mag-garden-merger|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=July 5, 2007|title=Production I.G Announces Mag Garden Merger|access-date=October 22, 2007|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009114202/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-07-05/production-i.g-announces-mag-garden-merger|archive-date=October 9, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> The norm in the animation industry is for anime studios to obtain permission from major publishers such as [[Shueisha]], Kodansha, [[Shogakukan]], and [[Kadokawa Shoten|Kadokawa]] to adapt popular manga into anime, and then produce anime adaptations based on the original manga.<ref name="natalie559014_1"/> Because of this, none of the animation studios wanted to have a publishing division, but Mag Garden was the perfect publisher for Production I.G to add to its group because it was not large enough to make those major publishers wary or hostile.

[[File:Mamoru Oshii - Lucca Comics & Games 2015.JPG|thumb|Frequent collaborator [[Mamoru Oshii]] in 2015]]

In September 2010, Production I.G moved its headquarters to [[Musashino, Tokyo]].<ref group="Web" name="history"/>

In 2010, IG Port acquired an 11.2% stake in Tatsunoko Production and Mitsuhisa Ishikawa became a non-executive director of the company.<ref name="animeanime2010060203">{{cite web |url= https://www.animeanime.biz/all/2010060203/ |title= IG タツノコプロの株式一部取得タカラトミーと連携も|trans-title=IG acquires some shares of Tatsunoko Productions and collaborates with Takara Tomy|last= Sudo |first=Tadashi |date=June 2, 2010 |language=ja|website= Anime!Anime!Biz|publisher= iid |access-date=May 30, 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110102095645/https://www.animeanime.biz/all/2010060203/ |archive-date=January 2, 2011 }}</ref>

On June 1, 2012, [[Wit Studio]], I.G's subsidiary animation studio, was founded, with the studio's first project being ''[[Attack on Titan (TV series)|Attack on Titan]]'', which I.G assisted in producing.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://animeanime.jp/article/2019/02/16/43459.html|title=「進撃」「カバネリ」WIT STUDIO取締役が明かす、ハイクオリティなアニメをつくり続ける秘訣【インタビュー】|trans-title= "Attack on Titan" and "Kabaneri" Director of WIT STUDIO reveals the secret to continuing to create high-quality anime [Interview]|last= |first= |date= February 16, 2019|language=ja|website= Anime!Anime!|publisher= iid |access-date=May 30, 2024|archive-url= |archive-date= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNTtS37Lzqc|title= Breaking Down Attack on Titan's (All Seasons) Incredible Animation - Animator Spotlight|website= [[YouTube]]|author= May, Callum|date= March 21, 2021|access-date= March 21, 2021}}</ref> IG Port invested 66.6%, while George Wada and Tetsuya Nakatake who were in the planning section of Production I.G invested 21.6% and 10.0%, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gamebiz.jp/news/57989 |title=IGポート、アニメ制作子会社ウィットスタジオを設立 |trans-title=IG Port establishes anime production subsidiary Wit Studio |last= |first= |author-link=|page=|language=ja|date=April 20, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2024 |website= |publisher= Social Game Info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912123646/http://gamebiz.jp/?p=57989 |archive-date=September 12, 2014 }}</ref>

In 2017, IG Port created Lingua Franca, an electronic distribution service company, as a wholly owned subsidiary, with Kyohei Shinpuku{{efn|He was the editor of hit manga at Mag Garden, including ''[[The Ancient Magus' Bride]]'' and ''[[The Girl from the Other Side: Siúil, a Rún]]''.}} as its president.

On June 5, 2017, Production I.G launched Tate Anime (vertical anime), an anime distribution app optimized for viewing on smartphones.<ref name="animeanime38061">{{cite web |url=https://animeanime.jp/article/2018/06/08/38061.html |title=「タテアニメ」が「アニメビーンズ」へ全面リニューアル "待つと全話無料"のアニメ配信アプリ|trans-title="Vertical Anime" has been completely renewed to "Anime Beans" Anime distribution app where "all episodes are free if you wait" |page=1|last= |first= |date=June 8, 2018 |language=ja|website= Anime! Anime! |publisher= iid |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> It was completely renewed in 2018 and replaced with a new app, Anime Beans, with expanded functions, including the ability to deliver Yoko anime (horizontal anime), and more content available for viewing.<ref name="animeanime38061"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pineda|first1=Rafael Antonio|title=Production I.G's 'Vertical Anime' App Reveals Promo Video, June 5 Launch Date|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-06-03/production-i.g-vertical-anime-app-reveals-promo-video-june-5-launch-date/.116937|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 29, 2022|date=June 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jennifer|last=Sherman|title=Amidamuku's Meshi Numa. Manga Gets Anime in New App|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-05-18/amidamuku-meshi-numa-manga-gets-anime-in-new-app/.131743|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 29, 2022|date=May 18, 2018}}</ref> The service was launched on December 18 worldwide except for [[China]].<ref name="animeanime38061"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pineda|first1=Rafael Antonio|title=Production I.G's Anime Beans App Starts Streaming Anime Globally|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-12-17/production-i.g-anime-beans-app-starts-streaming-anime-globally/.140895|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 29, 2022|date=December 17, 2018}}</ref> The app ended service on March 31, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pineda |first1=Rafael Antonio|title=Production I.G's Anime Beans Streaming App Ends Service on March 31|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-01-31/production-i.g-anime-beans-streaming-app-ends-service-on-march-31/.194367|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=January 31, 2023}}</ref>

In 2018, Production I.G and Wit Studio entered into a comprehensive business partnership with [[Netflix, Inc.|Netflix]] for anime productions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://av.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1104049.html |title=NetflixがプロダクションIG、ボンズと業務提携。制作したアニメを190カ国へ配信|trans-title=Netflix partners with Production IG and Bones to distribute animated works produced by them to 190 countries|last=Yamazaki |first=Kentaro |author-link=|page=|language=ja |date=January 31, 2018 |access-date=May 30, 2024 |website=AV Watch |publisher= Impress Corporation }}</ref>

On November 20, 2018, IG Port sold Xebec to [[Sunrise (company)|Sunrise]]. Prior to that, Xebeczwei, a subsidiary of Xebec, was transferred to Production I.G on January 12, 2018, becoming a subsidiary and changing its name to IGzwei accordingly.<ref name="xebec">{{cite web |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-01-12/fafner-production-stays-with-ig-port-as-xebeczwei-studio-is-renamed/.141813|title=Fafner Production Stays With IG Port as XEBECzwei Studio Is Renamed|date= January 12, 2018|website=[[AnimeNewsNetwork]]|last=Loo|first=Egan|access-date= January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607215304/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-01-12/fafner-production-stays-with-ig-port-as-xebeczwei-studio-is-renamed/.141813|archive-date=June 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

On August 30, 2022, George Wada, who founded Wit Studio, was promoted from Executive Vice President of Production I.G to CEO, while Ishikawa resigned as CEO to become Chairman.<ref name="animationbusiness13287"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/column/559014 |title=アニメスタジオクロニクル No.11 Production I.G 石川光久 (代表取締役会長) (2) |trans-title=Anime Studio Chronicle No.11 Production I.G Mitsuhisa Ishikawa (Representative Director and Chairman) (2) |page=2 |last= |first= |date=February 20, 2024 |language=ja|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha |access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref>
Wada also continued to serve as president of Wit Studio.<ref name="animationbusiness13287"/><ref group="Web">{{Cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/about_us/02_/index.html |last= |first= |title=FROM THE PRESIDENT |trans-title= |language= |page= |date= |access-date=May 15, 2024|website= |publisher = Production I.G }}</ref>

==Works==
{{split|List of Production I.G works|date=August 2023|}}
===Television series===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width=10 class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director(s)
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Eps.|Episodes}}
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | {{abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left| 1987
| ''[[Zillion (anime)|Zillion]]''
| Mizuho Nishikubo{{efn|Chief director}}
| 31{{efn|An [[original video animation]] (OVA) titled ''Burning Night'' was released in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-07-06/funimation-licenses-1987-anime-zillion/.133939|title=Funimation Licenses 1987 Anime Zillion (Updated)|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=July 6, 2018|access-date=May 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503180402/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-07-06/funimation-licenses-1987-anime-zillion/.133939|archive-date=May 3, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| As I.G Tatsunoko with Tatsunoko Production.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C7703|script-title=ja:赤い光弾ジリオン|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429132532/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C7703|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 1994–1995
| ''[[Blue Seed]]''
| Jun Kamiya
| 26
| Based on the manga series by [[Yuzo Takada]]. Produced with [[Ashi Productions]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C9084|title=Blue Seed|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426204500/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C9084|archive-date=April 26, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left| 2001–2002
| ''[[Vampiyan Kids]]''
| Masatsugu Arakawa
| 26{{efn|Three episodes were released exclusively on DVD.<ref name="vampkids" />}}
|Original work.
| <ref name="vampkids">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10205|script-title=ja:バンパイヤン・キッズ|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429132943/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10205|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[PaRappa the Rapper (TV series)|PaRappa the Rapper]]''
| [[Hiroaki Sakurai]]
| 30
| Based on the video game [[PaRappa the Rapper|of the same name]]. Production co-operation with [[J.C. Staff]].
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/03_/000200.html|title=Parappa the Rapper|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503181304/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/03_/000200.html|archive-date=May 3, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2002–2005
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]''
| [[Kenji Kamiyama]]
| 52{{efn| Two [[original video animations]] were released. ''Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex – The Laughing Man'' was released on September 23, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-06-20/ghost-in-the-shell-stand-alone-complex-movie|title=Ghost in the Shell Stand Alone Complex Movie|last=Macdonald|first=Christopher|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=June 20, 2005|access-date=May 3, 2023}}</ref> ''Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - Individual Eleven'' was released on January 27, 2006.<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/39_/index.html|title=Overview - Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Individual Eleven|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503175546/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/39_/index.html|archive-date=May 3, 2023}}</ref>}}
| Second season titled ''[[Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd Gig]]'' ran for 26 episodes from 2004 to 2005.
| <ref name="gitssac">''Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C.'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10256|script-title=ja: 攻殻機動隊 Stand Alone Complex|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429133839/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10256|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 2:{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10691|script-title=ja: 攻殻機動隊 S.A.C. 2nd Gig Ghost in the Shell "Stand Alone Complex"|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429133946/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10691|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2003–2004
| ''[[Cromartie High School]]''
| Hiroaki Sakurai
| 26
| Based on the manga series by [[Eiji Nonaka]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10651|script-title=ja:魁!! クロマティ高校|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left| 2004–2005
| ''[[Windy Tales]]''
| [[Junji Nishimura]]
| 13
| Original story by Minami Otori.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10908|script-title=ja:風人物語|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Otogi Zoshi (TV series)|Otogi Zoshi]]''
| Mizuho Nishikubo
| 26
| Original work.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C10892|script-title=ja:お伽草子|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left| 2005–2006
|''[[IGPX: Immortal Grand Prix]]''
| [[Mitsuru Hongo]]
| 26
| Collaborative project with [[Cartoon Network]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11219|title=IGPX Immortal Grand Prix|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Blood+]]''
| [[Junichi Fujisaku]]
| 50
| Original work.
| <ref name="bloodplus">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11231|title=Blood+|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2006–2007
| ''[[Le Chevalier D'Eon]]''
| [[Kazuhiro Furuhashi]]
| 24
| Based on an original story by [[Tow Ubukata]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C12561|script-title=ja:シュヴァリエ|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2006–2008
| ''[[xxxHolic]]''
| [[Tsutomu Mizushima]]
| 37{{efn|Three [[original video animations]] were released on DVD. ''xxxHolic: Shunmuki'' was released on February 18, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-02-10/new-xxxholic-tsubasa-dvd-trailers-posted|title=New xxxHolic, Tsubasa DVD Trailers Posted|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 10, 2009|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501060912/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-02-10/new-xxxholic-tsubasa-dvd-trailers-posted|archive-date=May 1, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> ''xxxHolic: Rō'' and ''xxxHolic: Rō Adayume'' in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-02-01/xxxholic/rei-manga-to-bundle-original-anime-blu-ray|title=xxxHolic: Rei Manga to Bundle Original Anime Blu-ray|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 1, 2014|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501064344/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-02-01/xxxholic/rei-manga-to-bundle-original-anime-blu-ray|archive-date=May 1, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Based on the manga by the group [[Clamp (manga artists)|Clamp]]. Ran for two seasons for a total of 37 episodes.
|<ref name="holic1">''xxxHolic'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C12454|title=xxxHolic|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11706|title=xxxHolic 継[ケイ]|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2007
|''[[Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit]]''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| 26
| Based on the novel by [[Nahoko Uehashi]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11312|script-title=ja:精霊の守り人|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Reideen]]''
| Mitsuru Hongo
| 26
| Remake of TV series [[Brave Reideen]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-08-15/sentai-filmworks-licenses-mecha-action-anime-reideen/.77668|title=Sentai Filmworks Licenses Mecha Action Anime Reideen|last=Ressler|first=Karen|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=April 28, 2023|date=August 15, 2014|archive-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428185451/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-08-15/sentai-filmworks-licenses-mecha-action-anime-reideen/.77668|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ani*Kuri15]]''
| [[Mamoru Oshii]]{{efn|Episode ''PROJECT_MERMAID''}} Atsushi Takeuchi{{efn|Episode ''Wandaba Kiss''}}
| 15
| 15 episode series with Production I.G producing two episodes.
| <ref name="kuri15">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11296|script-title=ja:アニ*クリ15|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2007–2008
| ''[[Ghost Hound]]''
| [[Ryūtarō Nakamura]]
| 22
| Original work created with [[Masamune Shirow]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11569|script-title=ja:神霊狩/Ghost Hound|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2008
| ''[[Library War]]''
| [[Takayuki Hamana]]
| 12{{efn|An [[original video animation]] (OVA) was released on Blu-ray on December 22, 2010.<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/toshokan-sensou/goods/dvd_bru-ray.html|script-title=ja:図書館戦争 - ＤＶＤ・ビデオ情報|language=ja|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507170526/https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/toshokan-sensou/goods/dvd_bru-ray.html|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Based on the light novel series by [[Hiro Arikawa]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11750|script-title=ja:図書館戦争|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Real Drive]]''
| Kazuhiro Furuhashi
| 26
| Original work created with [[Masamune Shirow]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11744|script-title=ja:RD 潜脳調査室|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sands of Destruction]]''{{efn|Also known as ''World Destruction''.}}
| Shunsuke Tada
| 13
| Based on the video game of the same name.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-04-24/manga-anime-planned-for-sega-world-destruction-rpg|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Manga, Anime Planned for Sega's World Destruction RPG|access-date=April 28, 2023|date=April 24, 2008|archive-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428195123/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-04-24/manga-anime-planned-for-sega-world-destruction-rpg|url-status=live}}</ref>
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11774|script-title=ja:World Destruction世界撲滅の六人|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left| 2009
|''[[The Beast Player|Erin]]''
| Takayuki Hamana
| 50
| Based on the novel by Nahoko Uehashi.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11924|script-title=ja:獣の奏者エリン|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Eden of the East]]''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| 11
| Original work.
| <ref name="eden1">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11677|script-title=ja:東のエデン|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2009–2010
| ''[[Sengoku Basara: Samurai Kings]]''
| [[Itsuro Kawasaki]]{{efn|Season 1}} Kazuya Nomura{{efn|Season 2}}
| 24
| Based on the [[Capcom]] video game series [[Sengoku Basara|of the same name]]. Ran for two seasons.
|<ref>''Sengoku Basara'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11687|script-title=ja:戦国 Basara|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425012305/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C11687|archive-date=April 25, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C12185|script-title=ja:戦国 Basara弐|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430071418/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C12185|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2009–2024
| ''[[Kimi ni Todoke]]''
| Hiro Kaburagi{{efn|Seasons 1–2}} Kenichi Matsuzawa{{efn|Season 3}}
| 43
| Based on the manga by [[Karuho Shiina]].
|<ref>''Kimi ni Todoke'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C12120|script-title=ja:君に届け|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 28, 2023}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13828|script-title=ja:君に届け 2nd Season|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}
* Season 3: {{cite web | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-12-30/kimi-ni-todoke-3rd-season-anime-unveils-more-returning-cast-main-staff/.206064 | title=Kimi ni Todoke 3rd Season Anime Unveils More Returning Cast, Main Staff|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=December 30, 2023|access-date=December 30, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2010
| ''Shoka''{{efn|''The Calligrapher'' in English.<ref name="shokann" />}}
| Makoto Yamada
| 1
| Based on a script written by Kenji Saido who won the grand prize at the 7th [[Animax Taishō|Animax Award]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-09-12/7th-animax-award-winning-script-announced|title=7th Animax Award-Winning Script Announced|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=April 29, 2023|date=September 12, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429102138/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-09-12/7th-animax-award-winning-script-announced|archive-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
| <ref name="shokann">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-02/7th-animax-award-winner-shoka-to-debut-in-march|title=7th Animax Award Winner 'Shoka' to Debut in March|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 2, 2010|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429102523/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-02/7th-animax-award-winner-shoka-to-debut-in-march|archive-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2011
| ''[[Moshidora]]''
| Takayuki Hamana
| 10
| Based on the novel by Natsumi Iwasaki.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-10-16/moshi-dora-business-novel-gets-tv-anime-next-march|title=Moshidora Business Novel Gets TV Anime Next March (Update 5)|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=October 16, 2010|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429103827/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-10-16/moshi-dora-business-novel-gets-tv-anime-next-march|archive-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bunny Drop]]''
| Kanta Kamei
| 11
| Based on the manga by Yumi Unita.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13667|script-title=ja:うさぎドロップ|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Blood-C]]''
| rowspan="2" | Tsutomu Mizushima
| 12
| Original work, Created in collaboration with Clamp.
| <ref name="bloodc">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13603|title=Blood-C|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left|2011–2013
| ''[[You're Being Summoned, Azazel]]''
| 26{{efn|Four [[original video animations]] (OVA) were released on DVD. On February 23, 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/25509|script-title=ja: 「アザゼルさん」アニメは、4巻特別限定Box「牛箱」に収録|language=ja|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|date=December 22, 2009|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref> September 22, 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-24/yondemasuyo-azazel-san-manga-gets-2nd-anime-dvd|title=Yondemasuyo, Azazel-san Manga Gets 2nd Anime DVD (Updated)|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=May 24, 2010|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref> May 23, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-10-09/yondemasuyo-azazel-san-manga-gets-3rd-anime-dvd|title=Yondemasuyo, Azazel-san Manga Gets 3rd Anime DVD|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=October 9, 2011|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref> and June 23, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-02-14/new-yondemasu-yo-azazel-san-anime-dvd-promo-streamed|title=New Yondemasu yo, Azazel-san Anime DVD's Promo Streamed|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 14, 2014|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref>}}
| Based on the manga by Yasuhisa Kubo. Ran for two 13-episode seasons.
| <ref>''You're Being Summoned, Azazel'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13809|script-title=ja:よんでますよ、アザゼルさん|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14928|script-title=ja:よんでますよ、アザゼルさん。Z|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2011–2012
| ''[[Guilty Crown]]''
| Tetsuro Araki
| 22
| Original work.
| <ref name="gcrown">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13682|script-title=ja:ギルティクラウン|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2012–2015
| ''[[Kuroko's Basketball]]''
| Shunsuke Tada
| 75{{efn| Three [[original video animations]] (OVA) were released on Blu-ray and DVD as bonus episodes. Episode 22.5 on February 22, 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-09-08/kuroko-basketball-gets-tip-off-original-video-anime|title=Kuroko's Basketball Gets ''Tip Off'' Original Video Anime|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=September 8, 2012|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430213623/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-09-08/kuroko-basketball-gets-tip-off-original-video-anime|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> episode 41.5 on June 20, 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-01-15/2nd-kuroko-basketball-season-to-add-original-video-anime|title=2nd Kuroko's Basketball Season to Add Original Video Anime|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=January 15, 2014|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430214651/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-01-15/2nd-kuroko-basketball-season-to-add-original-video-anime|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and episode 75.5 on December 24, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.kurobas.com/bd_dvd/entry_2131/|script-title=ja:Blu-ray/DVD - 3rd Season 第9巻|website=Kuroko's Basketball official anime website|language=ja|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406121355/http://tv.kurobas.com/bd_dvd/entry_2131/|archive-date=April 6, 2023}}</ref> Three compilation films were released in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2016-07-06/kuroko-basketball-2nd-3rd-compilation-films-teased-in-visuals/.103970|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=Kuroko's Basketball's 2nd, 3rd Compilation Films Teased in Visuals|date=July 6, 2016|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520110707/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2016-07-06/kuroko-basketball-2nd-3rd-compilation-films-teased-in-visuals/.103970|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Based on the manga by [[Tadatoshi Fujimaki]]. Ran for three 25-episode seasons.
| <ref name="kurokobasket">''Kuroko's Basketball'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14719|script-title=ja:黒子のバスケ|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14836|script-title=ja:黒子のバスケ[第2期]|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}
* Season 3: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15421|script-title=ja:黒子のバスケ[第3期]|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left| 2012
| ''[[The Prince of Tennis II]]''
| Hideyo Yamamoto
| 13
| Based on the manga by [[Takeshi Konomi]], the sequel to [[The Prince of Tennis]]. Produced with M.S.C.
| <ref name="tennisprince">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13930|script-title=ja:新テニスの王子様
|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Shining Hearts: Shiawase no Pan|Shining Hearts]]''
| Itsuro Kawasaki
| 12
| Based on the video game [[Shining Hearts|of the same name]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-04-03/sentai-filmworks-adds-shining-hearts/shiawase-no-pan-tv-anime|title=Sentai Filmworks Adds Shining Hearts: Shiawase no Pan TV Anime|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=April 3, 2013|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429125618/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-04-03/sentai-filmworks-adds-shining-hearts/shiawase-no-pan-tv-anime|archive-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2012–2013
| ''[[Robotics;Notes]]''
| Kazuya Nomura
| 22
| Based on the [[visual novel]] by [[Mages (company)|Mages]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14142|title=Robotics;Notes|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429131759/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14142|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Psycho-Pass]]''
| [[Katsuyuki Motohiro]]{{efn|General Director}} [[Naoyoshi Shiotani]]{{efn|Director}}
| 22
| Original work.
| <ref name="psychop">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13966|title=Psycho-Pass|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429134614/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13966|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gargantia on the Verdurous Planet]]''
| [[Kazuya Murata (director)|Kazuya Murata]]
| 13{{efn|Four [[original video animations]] (OVA) were released on Blu-ray. Two in August and October 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C444678|title=翠星のガルガンティア Blu-ray Box 完全新作OVA|website=Media Arts Database|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507074653/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C444678|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Two in November 2014 and May 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-03-13/last-gargantia-ova-new-trailer-shows-fierce-battle/.85927|title=Last Gargantia OVA's New Trailer Shows Fierce Battle|last=Nelkin|first=Sarah|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 13, 2015|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507073933/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-03-13/last-gargantia-ova-new-trailer-shows-fierce-battle/.85927|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Original work.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14851|script-title=ja:翠星のガルガンティア|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429151022/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14851|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2013
| ''[[Genshiken|Genshiken: Second Generation]]''
| Tsutomu Mizushima
| 13
| ''Genshiken Nidaime'' in Japanese. Based on the manga by [[Shimoku Kio]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14047|script-title=ja:げんしけん二代目 The Society For the Study of Modern Visual Culture|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104150540/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14047|archive-date=January 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2013–2016
| ''[[Ace of Diamond]]''
| [[Mitsuyuki Masuhara]]
| 126{{efn|Five [[original video animations]] (OVA) were released as bonus episodes on Blu-ray. Two episodes in March 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/028811009|script-title=ja:ダイヤのA Ace of diamond : Blu-ray box 1|website=National Diet Library Online Public Access Catalog|publisher=[[National Diet Library]]|language=ja|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref> and three episodes in June 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/028811011|script-title=ja:ダイヤのA Ace of diamond : Blu-ray box 2|website=National Diet Library Online Public Access Catalog|publisher=[[National Diet Library]]|language=ja|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref>}}
| Based on the manga by [[Yuji Terajima]]. Co-production with [[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]] with Production I.G working on two seasons. Season 1 ran for 75 episodes 2013–2015. Season 2 ran for 51 episodes 2015–2016.
| <ref>''Ace of Diamond'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14866|script-title=ja:ダイヤのA[エース]|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429152100/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14866|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15494|script-title=ja:ダイヤのA[エース] Second season|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429152950/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15494|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2014–2020
| ''[[Haikyu!!]]''
| style=text-align:left|Susumu Mitsunaka{{efn|Seasons 1–3}} Masako Sato{{efn|Season 4}}
| 85{{efn|Four [[original video animations]] (OVA) were released on Blu-ray and DVD: one on March 4, 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2014-11-19/haikyu-jump-special-anime-festa-anime-gets-dvd-release/.81197|title=Haikyu! Jump Special Anime Festa Anime Gets DVD Release|last=Nelkin|first=Sarah|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=November 19, 2014|access-date=May 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504191108/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2014-11-19/haikyu-jump-special-anime-festa-anime-gets-dvd-release/.81197|archive-date=May 4, 2023|url-status=live}},</ref> one on August 4, 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-03-30/haikyu-gets-anime-dvd-bundled-with-27th-manga-volume-in-august/.114130|title=Haikyu!! Gets Anime DVD Bundled With 27th Manga Volume in August|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 30, 2017|access-date=May 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504190026/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-03-30/haikyu-gets-anime-dvd-bundled-with-27th-manga-volume-in-august/.114130|archive-date=May 4, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and two on January 22, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-08-18/haikyu-anime-gets-2-episode-original-video-anime-for-tokyo-qualifiers/.150163|title=Haikyu!! Anime Gets 2-Episode Original Video Anime for Tokyo Qualifiers|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=August 18, 2019|access-date=May 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504182124/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-08-18/haikyu-anime-gets-2-episode-original-video-anime-for-tokyo-qualifiers/.150163|archive-date=May 4, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Four compilation films were released: two on July 3 and September 18, 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-03-19/haikyu-gets-2-compilation-films-before-2nd-season-and-stage-play/.86135|title=Haikyu!! Gets 2 Compilation Films Before 2nd Season & Stage Play|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 19, 2015|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520073722/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-03-19/haikyu-gets-2-compilation-films-before-2nd-season-and-stage-play/.86135|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and two on September 15 and September 29, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-06-01/2-haikyu-compilation-films-open-in-september/.116874|title=2 Haikyu!! Compilation Films Open in September|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=June 1, 2017|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520074311/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-06-01/2-haikyu-compilation-films-open-in-september/.116874|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Based on the manga by [[Haruichi Furudate]]. Seasons 1–2 ran for 25 episodes 2014–2016. Season 3 ran for 10 episodes in 2016. Season 4 ran for 25 episodes in 2020.
| <ref name="haikyust">''Haikyu!'' production information:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15037|script-title=ja:ハイキュー!!|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429154352/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15037|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15738|script-title=ja:ハイキュー!! セカンドシーズン
|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429154708/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15738|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 3: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16072|script-title=ja:ハイキュー!! 烏野高校 vs 白鳥沢学園高校|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429154920/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16072|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 4:
**Staff: {{cite web|url=https://haikyu.jp/staffcast/|title=Staff & Cast|publisher=Haikyuu! Official Web Site|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429162359/https://haikyu.jp/staffcast/|archive-date=April 29, 2023|url-status=live}}
**Episodes: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2020-03-29/haikyu-to-the-top-anime-unveils-new-visual/.158090|title=Haikyu!! To The Top Anime Unveils New Visual|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 29, 2020|access-date=May 3, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2014
| ''[[Ao Haru Ride]]''
| Ai Yoshimura
| 12
| Based on the manga by [[Io Sakisaka]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14994|script-title=ja:アオハライド The Scent of Air After the Rain…I Heard Your Pulse. I Saw the Light.|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430074122/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14994|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2015
| ''[[Maria the Virgin Witch]]''
| [[Gorō Taniguchi]]
| 12
| Based on the manga by [[Masayuki Ishikawa]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-11-30/maria-the-virgin-witch-anime-unveils-video-more-cast-theme-songs/.81590|title=Maria the Virgin Witch Anime Unveils Video, More Cast, Theme Songs|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=November 30, 2014|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409165413/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-11-30/maria-the-virgin-witch-anime-unveils-video-more-cast-theme-songs/.81590|archive-date=April 9, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Arise#Anime|Ghost in the Shell: Arise - Alternative Architecture]]''
| [[Kazuchika Kise]]
| 10
| TV version of the four-part [[original video animation]] (OVA) titled ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Arise]]'' that was shown in theaters in 2013 and 2014.
| <ref name="arise">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-02-17/ghost-in-the-shell-arise-broadcast-to-add-2-new-episodes/.85069|title=Ghost in the Shell: Arise's Broadcast to Add 2 New Episodes|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 17, 2015|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221223508/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-02-17/ghost-in-the-shell-arise-broadcast-to-add-2-new-episodes/.85069|archive-date=February 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Attack on Titan: Junior High]]''
| Yoshihide Ibata
| 12
| Based on the manga by Saki Nakagawa that was itself based on the [[Attack on Titan|original manga]] by [[Hajime Isayama]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15672|script-title=ja:進撃!巨人中学校Attack on Titan : Junior High!|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430093816/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15672|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2015–2017
| ''[[Pikaia!]]''
| Daiki Tomiyasu
| 26
| Production with [[OLM, Inc.|OLM]] and [[NHK]]. Ran for two 13-episode seasons: Season 1 in 2015 and Season 2 in 2017.
| <ref>Pikaia! seasons:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15624|script-title=ja:ピカイア![シリーズ]|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430095057/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C15624|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16168|script-title=ja:ピカイア! Pikaia
|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430095331/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16168|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2016
| ''[[Joker Game]]''
| Kazuya Nomura
| 12
| Based on the novel series by [[Koji Yanagi]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16000|script-title=ja:ジョーカー・ゲーム|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430100839/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16000|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2017
| ''[[Atom: The Beginning]]''
| [[Tatsuo Sato (director)|Tatsuo Sato]] Katsuyuki Motohiro{{efn|General director}}
| 12
| Based on the manga by Tetsurō Kasahara. Co-production with OLM and [[Signal.MD]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16143|script-title=ja:アトムザ・ビギニング|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430101316/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C16143|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Welcome to the Ballroom]]''
| Yoshimi Itazu
| 24
| Based on the manga by Tomo Takeuchi.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-02/welcome-to-the-ballroom-anime-to-have-24-episodes/.118337|title=Welcome to the Ballroom Anime to Have 24 Episodes|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=July 2, 2017|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205114755/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-02/welcome-to-the-ballroom-anime-to-have-24-episodes/.118337|archive-date=December 5, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Magical Circle Guru Guru]]''
| Hiroshi Ikehata
| 24
| Based on the manga by Hiroyuki Etō.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-12/magical-circle-guru-guru-anime-listed-with-24-episodes-plus-petite-anime-spinoff/.118711|title=Magical Circle Guru-Guru Anime Listed With 24 Episodes Plus 'Petite' Anime Spinoff|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=July 12, 2017|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406044254/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-12/magical-circle-guru-guru-anime-listed-with-24-episodes-plus-petite-anime-spinoff/.118711|archive-date=April 6, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2018
|''[[Legend of the Galactic Heroes#Die Neue These|Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These]]''
| Shunsuke Tada
| 12
| Based on the novels by [[Yoshiki Tanaka]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-02-28/new-legend-of-the-galactic-heroes-tv-anime-premieres-on-april-3/.128358|title=New Legend of the Galactic Heroes TV Anime Premieres on April 3|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 28, 2018|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405075354/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-02-28/new-legend-of-the-galactic-heroes-tv-anime-premieres-on-april-3/.128358|archive-date=April 5, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[FLCL Progressive]]''
| rowspan="2" | Katsuyuki Motohiro{{efn|Chief director}} Yutaka Uemura (''Alternative'')
| rowspan="2" | 6
| Second season of ''[[FLCL]]''. Produced in collaboration with [[Adult Swim]].
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="flclann">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-03-21/flcl-alternative-progressive-anime-reveals-additional-staff/.129273|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=FLCL: Alternative/Progressive Anime Reveals Additional Staff (Update)|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=March 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430115440/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-03-21/flcl-alternative-progressive-anime-reveals-additional-staff/.129273|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[FLCL Alternative]]''
| Third season of ''FLCL''. Produced in collaboration with Adult Swim and general animation production by [[NUT (studio)|NUT]] and Revoroot.
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2018
| ''[[Run with the Wind]]''
| Kazuya Nomura
| 23
| Based on the novel by [[Shion Miura]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-30/run-with-the-wind-marathon-racing-anime-listed-with-23-episodes/.136096|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Run with the Wind Marathon Racing Anime Listed With 23 Episodes|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=August 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430120341/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-30/run-with-the-wind-marathon-racing-anime-listed-with-23-episodes/.136096|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2019–2020
| ''[[Case File nº221: Kabukicho]]''
| Ai Yoshimura
| 24{{efn|A six-part [[original video animation]] (OVA) was released on August 26, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-04-11/case-file-n-221-kabukicho-anime-gets-6-story-original-video-anime-on-august-26/.158495|title=Case File nº221: Kabukicho Anime Gets 6-Story Original Video Anime on August 26|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=April 11, 2020|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506204415/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-04-11/case-file-n-221-kabukicho-anime-gets-6-story-original-video-anime-on-august-26/.158495|archive-date=May 6, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Original work.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-08/kabuki-cho-sherlock-anime-gets-half-year-run-with-no-breaks-manga-novel/.150868|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Kabuki-chō Sherlock Anime Gets Half-Year Run With No Breaks, Manga, Novel|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=September 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430120816/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-08/kabuki-cho-sherlock-anime-gets-half-year-run-with-no-breaks-manga-novel/.150868|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2019–2021
| ''[[Chūka Ichiban!#2019 series|Chūka Ichiban!]]''
| Itsuro Kawasaki
| 24
| Based on the manga by [[Etsushi Ogawa]]. Produced with [[Nihon Ad Systems|NAS]]. Ran for two 12-episode seasons.
| <ref>Chūka Ichiban seasons:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-02/shin-chuka-ichiban-anime-video-reveals-cast-theme-song-october-11-premiere/.150636|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Shin Chūka Ichiban! Anime's Video Reveals Cast, Theme Song, October 11 Premiere|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430121601/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-02/shin-chuka-ichiban-anime-video-reveals-cast-theme-song-october-11-premiere/.150636|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-27/true-cooking-master-boy-anime-gets-sequel/.154828|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=True Cooking Master Boy Anime Gets Sequel|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=December 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430121750/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-27/true-cooking-master-boy-anime-gets-sequel/.154828|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2019
| ''[[Psycho-Pass 3]]''
| Naoyoshi Shiotani
| 8
| Sequel to ''Psycho-Pass 2''.
| <ref>Psycho-Pass 3 episodes and staff:
* Directors: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2019-03-14/psycho-pass-anime-3rd-season-premieres-in-october/.144531|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Psycho-Pass Anime's 3rd Season Premieres in October|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=March 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430132615/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2019-03-14/psycho-pass-anime-3rd-season-premieres-in-october/.144531|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Episodes: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-01/psycho-pass-3-anime-gets-manga-in-october/.151719|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Psycho-Pass 3 Anime Gets Manga in October|access-date=April 30, 2023|date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430133035/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-01/psycho-pass-3-anime-gets-manga-in-october/.151719|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2020
| ''[[Noblesse (manhwa)|Noblesse]]''
| Yasutaka Yamamoto Shunsuke Tada{{efn|Chief director}}
| 13
| Based on the [[manhwa]] by Son Je-ho. A [[Crunchyroll#Crunchyroll Originals|Crunchyroll original]] produced with [[WEBTOON]] and animated by Production I.G.
| <ref>''Noblesse'' episodes and staff:
* Directors, production: {{cite web|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2020/09/03-1/noblesse-anime-reveals-new-key-art|title=Noblesse Anime Reveals New Key Art|last=Coats|first=Cayla|website=[[Crunchyroll]]|date=September 4, 2020|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430140855/https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2020/09/03-1/noblesse-anime-reveals-new-key-art|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Episodes:{{cite web|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/series/G64G2VDPR/noblesse|title=Watch Noblesse|website=[[Crunchyroll]]|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430140310/https://www.crunchyroll.com/series/G64G2VDPR/noblesse|archive-date=April 30, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2020–2021
| ''[[Moriarty the Patriot]]''
| Kazuya Nomura
| 24{{efn|A two-episode [[original video animation]] (OVA) was released on Blu-ray and DVD on April 27, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-02/2-episode-moriarty-the-patriot-original-video-anime-launches-on-april-27/.180206|title=2-Episode Moriarty the Patriot Original Video Anime Launches on April 27|last=Mateo|first=Alex|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=December 2, 2021|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501052957/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-02/2-episode-moriarty-the-patriot-original-video-anime-launches-on-april-27/.180206|archive-date=May 1, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Based on the manga by Ryōsuke Takeuchi and Hikaru Miyoshi.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-10-09/moriarty-the-patriot-anime-2nd-12-episode-half-premieres-next-april/.165022|title=Moriarty the Patriot Anime's 2nd 12-Episode Half Premieres Next April|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=October 9, 2020|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430141956/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-10-09/moriarty-the-patriot-anime-2nd-12-episode-half-premieres-next-april/.165022|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2021
|''[[Fena: Pirate Princess]]''
| Kazuto Nakazawa
| 12
| Original work. Adult Swim and Crunchyroll co-production with Production I.G animating.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-06-16/crunchyroll-adult-swim-fena-pirate-princess-original-anime-reveals-trailer-art-cast-staff-summer-/.174054|title=Crunchyroll, Adult Swim's Fena: Pirate Princess Original Anime Reveals Trailer, Art, Cast, Staff, Summer Launch|last=Mateo|first=Alex|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=June 16, 2021|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430142943/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-06-16/crunchyroll-adult-swim-fena-pirate-princess-original-anime-reveals-trailer-art-cast-staff-summer-/.174054|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:left" | 2022
| ''[[Aoashi]]''
| Akira Sato
| 24
| Based on the manga by Yūgo Kobayashi and Naohiko Ueno.
| <ref name="ashishow">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-06-25/aoashi-anime-reveals-5-more-cast-members-visual-new-theme-song-artists/.187060|title=Aoashi Anime Reveals 5 More Cast Members, Visual, New Theme Song Artists|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=June 25, 2022|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430144103/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-06-25/aoashi-anime-reveals-5-more-cast-members-visual-new-theme-song-artists/.187060|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Housing Complex C]]''
|Yūji Nara
|4
|Produced in collaboration with Adult Swim.
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Credo |first=Kevin |date=2022-10-30 |title=Housing Complex C: An Exclusive Producer Interview |url=https://gamerant.com/housing-complex-c-producer-exclusive-interview/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:left" | 2023
| ''[[Heavenly Delusion (TV series)|Heavenly Delusion]]''
| Hirotaka Mori
| 13
| Based on the manga by [[Masakazu Ishiguro]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-11-25/heavenly-delusion-anime-teaser-promo-video-reveals-full-staff/.192283|title=Heavenly Delusion Anime's Teaser Promo Video Reveals Full Staff|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=November 25, 2022|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430160729/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-11-25/heavenly-delusion-anime-teaser-promo-video-reveals-full-staff/.192283|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[FLCL: Grunge]]''
|Hitoshi Takekiyo
| rowspan="2" |3
|Fourth season of ''FLCL''. Produced in collaboration with Adult Swim and general animation production by MontBlanc Pictures.
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/toonami-flcl-housing-complex-c-1235207955/|title=Adult Swim Celebrates 25th Anniversary of Toonami, Orders Two New 'FLCL' Seasons and 'Housing Complex C' (Exclusive)|last=Otterson|first=Joe|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=March 17, 2022|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430144432/https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/toonami-flcl-housing-complex-c-1235207955/|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[FLCL: Shoegaze]]''
| Yutaka Uemura
| Fifth season of ''FLCL''. Produced in collaboration with Adult Swim and general animation production by NUT.
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:left" | 2024
| ''[[Kaiju No. 8]]''
| Shigeyuki Miya Tomomi Kamiya
| 12
| Based on the manga by Naoya Matsumoto.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/553194|script-title=ja:「怪獣8号」防衛隊員が集結したキービジュ公開宮繁之・神谷友美監督らスタッフ発表|language=ja|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|date=December 15, 2023|access-date=December 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215020559/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/553194|archive-date=December 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Uzumaki]]''
|[[Hiroshi Nagahama]]
|4
|Produced in collaboration with Adult Swim and general animation production by Fugaku and Akatsuki.
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adult Swim Teams with Production I.G for Junji Ito Adaptation 'Uzumaki'|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2019/09/adult-swim-teams-with-production-i-g-for-junji-ito-adaptation-uzumaki/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.animationmagazine.net|date=September 2, 2019 }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:left" | 2024–2025
| ''[[Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion|Shinkalion: Change the World]]''
| Kenichiro Komaya
| 39
| Based on the toyline franchise by [[Takara Tomy]]. Co-production with Signal.MD.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-08/shinkalion-change-the-world-anime-reveals-cast-staff-promo-video-april-debut/.207354|title=Shinkalion Change the World Anime Reveals Cast, Staff, Promo Video, April Debut|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 8, 2024|access-date=February 8, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kinnikuman|Kinnikuman Kanpeki Chо̄jin Shiso-hen]]''
| Akira Sato
| 24
| Based on the manga by [[Yudetamago]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-09-28/production-i.g-to-produce-new-kinnikuman-anime-in-2024/.202940|title=Production I.G to Produce New Kinnikuman Anime in 2024|last=Mateo|first=Alex|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=September 28, 2023|access-date=September 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928192337/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-09-28/production-i.g-to-produce-new-kinnikuman-anime-in-2024/.202940|archive-date=September 28, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

===OVAs===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width=10 class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director(s)
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Eps.|Episodes}}
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | {{abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left| 1990
| ''[[Eiji (manga)|Eiji]]''
| Mizuho Nishikubo
| 1
| As I.G Tatsunoko. Based on the manga by [[Hisashi Eguchi]].
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/02_/000042.html|title=Eiji|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050858/http://productionig.com/contents/works/02_/000042.html|archive-date=March 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 1991
| ''[[The Heroic Legend of Arslan]]''
| Mamoru Hamatsu
| 1
| As I.G Tatsunoko. Produced with [[Animate (retailer)#Subsidiaries|Animate Film]]. Kazuchika Kise served as animation director. Based on the novel series by [[Yoshiki Tanaka]].
|<ref group="Web" name="arslan">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/02_/000041.html|title=Heroic Legend of Arslan|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050858/http://productionig.com/contents/works/02_/000041.html|archive-date=March 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 1992
| ''[[Video Girl Ai]]''
| Mizuho Nishikubo
| 6
| As I.G Tatsunoko. Based on the manga by [[Masakazu Katsura]].
| <ref group="Web" >{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000100.html|title=Video Girl Ai|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050836/http://productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000100.html|archive-date=March 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="4" style=text-align:left| 1993
| ''[[Dragon Half]]''
| rowspan="2" | Shinya Sadamitsu
| 2
| As I.G Tatsunoko. Based on the manga by [[Ryūsuke Mita]].
| <ref group="Web" >{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000089.html|title=Dragon Half|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050836/http://productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000089.html|archive-date=March 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Shooting Star Gakusaver''
| 1
| As I.G Tatsunoko. Based on the manga by G.Project.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kingrecords.co.jp/SCR_CATALOG/077.html|title=Shooting Star Gakusaver|publisher=[[King Records (Japan)|King Records]]|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630231414/http://www.kingrecords.co.jp:80/SCR_CATALOG/077.html|archive-date=June 30, 2007}}</ref>
|-
| ''Girl From Phantasia''{{efn|Also known as ''Fantasia''.<ref name="fantasy" />}}
| Jun Kamiya
| 1
| As I.G Tatsunoko. Based on the manga by Akane Nagano.<ref name="fantasy">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C327425|script-title=ja:ふぁんたじあ|website=Media Arts Database|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|language=ja|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref>
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/forgotten-anime-53-the-girl-from-phantasia-1993/|title=Forgotten Anime #53: "The Girl from Phantasia" (1993)|last=Patten|first=Fred|website=Cartoon Research|date=January 22, 2017|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506191012/https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/forgotten-anime-53-the-girl-from-phantasia-1993/|archive-date=May 6, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Please Save My Earth]]''
| Kazuo Yamazaki
| 6
| First work under the name of Production I.G. Based on the manga by [[Saki Hiwatari]].
| <ref name="saveearth">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/buried-treasure/2006-11-30|title=Buried Treasure - Please Save My Earth|last=Sevakis|first=Justin|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=November 30, 2006|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506155610/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/buried-treasure/2006-11-30|archive-date=May 6, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
!scope="row" rowspan=2"" style=text-align:left| 1994
| ''[[Combustible Campus Guardress]]''
| Toshihiko Nishikubo
Daisuke Chiba
| 4
| Original OVA published by Shueisha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=1446|title=Combustible Campus Guardress|last=Ross|first=Carlos/Giancarla|website=[[THEM Anime Reviews]]|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506193735/https://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=1446|archive-date=May 6, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
| <ref group="Web" >{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000095.html|title=Bursting Campus Guardless|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050836/http://productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000095.html|archive-date=March 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''B.B. Fish''
| Mamoru Hamatsu
| 1
| Based on the manga by Sho Kitagawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/M247547|script-title=ja:B.B.フィッシュ 1|website=Media Arts Database|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|language=ja|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref>
| <ref group="Web" >{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000094.html|title=B.B. Fish|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 6, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="4" style=text-align:left| 1996
| ''[[The Special Duty Combat Unit Shinesman]]''
| Shinya Sadamitsu
| 2
| Based on the manga by Kaim Tachibana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/pile-of-shame/2014-09-30/special-duty-combat-unit-shinesman/.79364|title=Pile of Shame - Special Duty Combat Unit Shinesman|last=Sevakis|first=Justin|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date= September 30, 2014|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506200849/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/pile-of-shame/2014-09-30/special-duty-combat-unit-shinesman/.79364|archive-date=May 6, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000093.html|title=Special Duty Combat Unit Shinesman|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050836/http://productionig.com/contents/works/04_/000093.html|archive-date=March 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Blue Seed Beyond''
| Jun Kamiya
| 3
| Three-episode OVA with Production I.G working on episodes 1 and 2. Sequel to ''Blue Seed''.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kingrecords.co.jp/SCR_CATALOG/062.html|title=Blue Seed 2|publisher=[[King Records (Japan)|King Records]]|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205122234/https://www.kingrecords.co.jp/SCR_CATALOG/062.html|archive-date=February 5, 2007}}</ref>
|-
| ''Panzer Dragoon''
| Shinji Takagi
| 1
| Based on the video game [[Panzer Dragoon|of the same name]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.b-ch.com/titles/2755/|script-title=ja:パンツァードラグーン|language=ja|publisher=Bandai Channel|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507091632/https://www.b-ch.com/titles/2755/|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Zetsuai 1989|Bronze Zetsuai ~ Since 1989]]''
| Itsuro Kawasaki
| 1
| Based on the manga by [[Minami Ozaki]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://animeland.fr/2021/12/09/tbt-zetsuai-1989/|title=#TBT:Zetsuai 1989|last=Pinon|first=Matthieu|language=fr|website=Animeland|access-date=May 10, 2023|date=December 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510154402/https://animeland.fr/2021/12/09/tbt-zetsuai-1989/|archive-date=May 10, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 1998
| ''[[One Piece#Festival films and original video animation|One Piece: Defeat Him! Pirate Ganzack!]]''
| [[Goro Taniguchi]]
| 1
| [[One Piece]] special. Based on the manga by [[Eiichiro Oda]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410917|script-title=ja:One Piece ～倒せ! 海賊ギャンザック～|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507103335/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410917|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2000–2001
| [[FLCL]]
| Kazuya Tsurumaki
| 6
| Produced with [[Gainax]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-01-06/funimation-licenses-gainax-flcl-anime|title=Funimation Adds Gainax, I.G's FLCL Anime on Blu-ray/DVD (Updated)|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507104948/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-01-06/funimation-licenses-gainax-flcl-anime|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2001
| ''[[Kai Doh Maru]]''
| Kanji Wakabayashi
| 1
| Original work.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2003-04-16/los-angeles-anime-festival|last=Macdonald|first=Christopher|title=Los Angeles Anime Festival|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=April 16, 2003|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507105636/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2003-04-16/los-angeles-anime-festival|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2003
| ''The Prince of Tennis: A Day on Survival Mountain''
| Takayuki Hamana
| 1
| Special episode of the anime series shown at [[Jump Festa]] 2003.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/M179319|script-title=ja:ジャンプフェスタ2003スーパービデオ[パッケージから作成した情報]|language=ja|website=Media Arts Database|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507111502/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/M179319|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2003
| ''Akira Toriyama's Fluximatrix; Kaori's story''|| Akira Iwanaga
|
|Short film from Akira Toriyama's Fluximatrix
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2004
| ''[[Van Helsing: The London Assignment]]''
|
| 1
| Short film based on the movie by [[Stephen Sommers]].
|
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2007–2008
| ''[[Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle#Original video animations|Tsubasa Tokyo Revelations]]''
| Shunsuke Tada
| 3
| Based on the manga by Clamp.
| <ref name="tsubasa1">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-06-13/tsubasa-manga-no.21-23-to-bundle-anime-dvds-in-japan|title=Tsubasa Manga #21-23 to Bundle Anime DVDs in Japan|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=June 13, 2007|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507153509/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-06-13/tsubasa-manga-no.21-23-to-bundle-anime-dvds-in-japan|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2007
| ''[[Tokyo Marble Chocolate]]''
| Naoyoshi Shiotani
| 2
| Original work. Directorial debut of Naoyoshi Shiotani.
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/59_/index.html|title=Tokyo Marble Chocolate|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507155008/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/59_/index.html|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2008
| ''[[Batman: Gotham Knight]]''
| Futoshi Higashide{{efn|Episode 2}}
Hiroshi Morioka{{efn|Episode 3}}
| 6
| In collaboration with [[Warner Bros]] and [[DC Comics]]. Production I.G worked on two episodes.
|<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/batman/index.html|publisher=Production I.G|script-title=ja:作品紹介バットマンゴッサムナイト|language=ja|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507160842/https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/batman/index.html|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:left| 2009
| ''[[Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle#Original video animations|Tsubasa Spring Thunder Chronicles]]''
| Shunsuke Tada
| 2
| Sequel to Tsubasa Tokyo Revelations. Based on the manga series by Clamp.
|<ref name="tsubasa2">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-04/funimation-adds-tsubasa/tokyo-revelations-shunraiki|title=Funimation Adds Tsubasa: Tokyo Revelations, Shunraiki (Updated)|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=May 4, 2010|access-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507173555/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-04/funimation-adds-tsubasa/tokyo-revelations-shunraiki|archive-date=May 7, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left| 2010
| ''[[Halo Legends]]''
| Multiple directors
| 7
| Production I.G worked on two episodes.
|
|-
| ''[[Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic]]''
| Multiple directors
| 6
| Production I.G worked in collaboration with multiple other studios.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-01-13/game-based-dante-inferno-animated-video-clips-posted|title=Game-Based Dante's Inferno Animated Video Clips Posted|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=January 13, 2010|access-date=May 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508174856/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-01-13/game-based-dante-inferno-animated-video-clips-posted|archive-date=May 8, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Je t'aime''
| Mamoru Oshii
| 1
| Short film with music by [[Glay]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-03-19/mamoru-oshii-short-film-otomo-hipira-kun-to-compete-at-annecy|title=Mamoru Oshii Short Film, Otomo's Hipira-kun to Compete at Annecy|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 19, 2010|access-date=May 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508175532/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-03-19/mamoru-oshii-short-film-otomo-hipira-kun-to-compete-at-annecy|archive-date=May 8, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left| 2013
| ''[[Vassalord]]''
| [[Kazuto Nakazawa]]
| 1
| Based on the manga by [[Nanae Chrono]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-10-15/vasaslord-manga-last-book-to-bundle-original-video-anime|title=Vassalord Manga's Last Book to Bundle Original Video Anime|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=October 15, 2012|access-date=May 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508180645/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-10-15/vasaslord-manga-last-book-to-bundle-original-video-anime|archive-date=May 8, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pokémon Origins]]''
| Itsuro Kawasaki
| 4
| Production I.G worked on the first episode.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14906|script-title=ja:ポケットモンスタ The Origin|website=Media Arts Database|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|access-date=May 8, 2023|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508181747/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C14906|archive-date=May 8, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===ONAs===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width=10 class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director(s)
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Eps.|Episodes}}
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | {{abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2005-2006
| ''[[The King of Fighters: Another Day]]''
| Masaki Tachibana
| 4
| Based on the video game series [[The King of Fighters|of the same name]].
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|title=The King of Fighters： Another Day|language=ja|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/the-kof-ad/index.html|access-date=May 17, 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2008
| ''[[Bootleg (TV series)|Chocolate Underground]]''{{efn|A film version was shown in theaters in 2009 with added content.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-04-06/palm-beach-international-film-festival-to-screen-chocolate-underground|title=Palm Beach International Film Festival to Screen Chocolate Underground|last=Grace|first=Kimberly|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=May 28, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528104108/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-04-06/palm-beach-international-film-festival-to-screen-chocolate-underground|archive-date=May 28, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Takayuki Hamana
| 13
| Based on the novel ''Bootleg'' by [[Alex Shearer]]. Shown on mobile phones.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-02-14/uk-bootleg-novel-animated-for-mobile-phones-in-japan|title=UK's Bootleg Novel Animated for Mobile Phones in Japan|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=February 14, 2008|access-date=May 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510175137/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-02-14/uk-bootleg-novel-animated-for-mobile-phones-in-japan|archive-date=May 10, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2012
| ''Next A-Class''
| Mizuho Nishikubo
| 1
| Collaboration with [[Mercedes-Benz]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-11-15/production-i.g-makes-original-anime-with-mercedes-benz|title=Production I.G Makes Original Anime with Mercedes-Benz|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=November 15, 2012|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510184137/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-11-15/production-i.g-makes-original-anime-with-mercedes-benz|archive-date=May 10, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2013
| ''au Unlimited Future Laboratory''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| 1
| Collaboration with [[au (mobile phone company)|au]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-12-12/kenji-kamiyama-i.g-au-unlimited-future-laboratory-anime-short-posted|title=Kenji Kamiyama, I.G's 'au Unlimited Future Laboratory' Anime Short Posted|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=December 12, 2013|access-date=May 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511160708/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-12-12/kenji-kamiyama-i.g-au-unlimited-future-laboratory-anime-short-posted|archive-date=May 11, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2016
| ''Noblesse: Awakening''
| Shunsuke Tada Kazuto Nakazawa
| 1
| Based on the manhwa by Son Je-ho. A Crunchyroll original produced with WEBTOON and animated by Production I.G.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-02-04/production-i.g-makes-anime-of-korean-vampire-comic-noblesse/.98325|title=Production I.G Makes Anime of Korean Vampire Comic Noblesse|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 4, 2016|access-date=May 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511162022/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-02-04/production-i.g-makes-anime-of-korean-vampire-comic-noblesse/.98325|archive-date=May 11, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left | 2017
| ''[[Neo Yokio]]''
| Kazuhiro Furuhashi Junji Nishimura
| 6
| Production I.G contributed to storyboards of the series.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-09-07/netflix-reveals-neo-yokio-animated-series-collaboration-with-production-i.g-studio-deen/.121032|title=Netflix Reveals Neo Yokio Animated Series Collaboration With Production I.G, Studio Deen|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=September 7, 2017|access-date=May 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511163732/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-09-07/netflix-reveals-neo-yokio-animated-series-collaboration-with-production-i.g-studio-deen/.121032|archive-date=May 11, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kodoku no Gourmet]]''
| Kazuchika Kise<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-10-11/kodoku-no-gourmet-anime-reveals-director-main-actor/.122605|title=Kodoku no Gourmet Anime Reveals Director, Main Actor|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=October 11, 2017|access-date=May 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511165408/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-10-11/kodoku-no-gourmet-anime-reveals-director-main-actor/.122605|archive-date=May 11, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 10
| Based on the manga by Masayuki Kusumi and [[Jiro Taniguchi]]. Shown on the ''Tate Anime'' application.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-03-29/production-i.g-vertical-anime-app-lists-more-new-titles/.114062|title=Production I.G's 'Vertical Anime' App Lists More New Titles|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=March 29, 2017|access-date=May 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511164753/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-03-29/production-i.g-vertical-anime-app-lists-more-new-titles/.114062|archive-date=May 11, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2018–2021
| ''[[B - The Beginning|B: The Beginning]]''
| Kazuto Nakazawa{{efn|Credited as Director for Season 1, and as Chief Director for Season 2.}} [[Yoshinobu Yamakawa]]{{efn|Credited as Director for Season 1.}} Itsuro Kawasaki{{efn|Credited as Director for Season 2.}}
| 18
| Original work. Season 2 titled ''B: The Beginning Succession'' ran for six episodes in 2021.
| <ref>''B: The Beginning'' productions:
* Season 1: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-02-06/b-the-beginning-anime-streams-english-dubbed-promo-video/.127432|title=B: The Beginning Anime Streams English-Dubbed Promo Video|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=February 6, 2018|access-date=May 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511175456/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-02-06/b-the-beginning-anime-streams-english-dubbed-promo-video/.127432|archive-date=May 11, 2023|url-status=live}}
* Season 2: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-02-17/b-the-beginning-season-2-trailer-reveals-more-cast-staff-march-18-global-debut/.169625|title=B: The Beginning Season 2's Trailer Reveals More Cast, Staff, March 18 Global Debut|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 17, 2021|access-date=May 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512175527/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-02-17/b-the-beginning-season-2-trailer-reveals-more-cast-staff-march-18-global-debut/.169625|archive-date=May 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2019–2023
| ''[[Ultraman (manga)|Ultraman]]''
| Kenji Kamiyama Shinji Aramaki
| 31
| Based on the manga by Eichii Shimizu and Tomohiro Shimiguchi. Ran for three seasons. Produced with [[Sola Digital Arts]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tsuburaya-prod.com/news/4883|title=New Poster for Anime Ultraman's Final Season Revealed at NYCC!|publisher=[[Tsuburaya Productions]]|date=October 6, 2022|access-date=May 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512181524/https://tsuburaya-prod.com/news/4883|archive-date=May 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2020
| ''Sol Levante''
| Akira Saito
| 1
| In collaboration with [[Netflix]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-02-20/sol-levante-4k-netflix-anime-debuts-on-march-23/.156682|title=Sol Levante 4K Netflix Anime Debuts on March 23|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 20, 2020|access-date=May 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512193818/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-02-20/sol-levante-4k-netflix-anime-debuts-on-march-23/.156682|archive-date=May 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2020–2022
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045]]''
| Kenji Kamiyama Shinji Aramaki
| 24{{efn|A compilation film of the first season was released in November 2021.<ref name="sac2045" />}}
| Ran for two twelve-episode seasons. Produced with Sola Digital Arts.
| <ref name="sac2045">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-05-23/ghost-in-the-shell-sac_2045-anime-season-2-opening-sequence-streamed/.185940|title=Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045 Anime Season 2's Opening Sequence Streamed|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=May 23, 2020|access-date=May 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512195729/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-05-23/ghost-in-the-shell-sac_2045-anime-season-2-opening-sequence-streamed/.185940|archive-date=May 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2021
| ''[[Star Wars: Visions]]''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| 9
| Production I.G worked on episode 5: "The Ninth Jedi." In collaboration with [[Lucasfilm]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-08-17/star-wars-visions-anime-shorts-posts-english-japanese-trailers-casts/.176352|title=Star Wars: Visions Anime Shorts Posts English/Japanese Trailers, Casts|last=Mateo|first=Alex|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=August 17, 2021|access-date=May 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512205538/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-08-17/star-wars-visions-anime-shorts-posts-english-japanese-trailers-casts/.176352|archive-date=May 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2024
| ''[[Terminator Zero]]''
| [[Masashi Kudō (animator)|Masashi Kudō]]
| 8
| Based on the ''[[Terminator (franchise)|Terminator]]'' franchise created by [[James Cameron]] and [[Gale Anne Hurd]]. Produced with No Brakes and [[Skydance Television]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-11-11/neflix-teases-production-i.g-terminator-anime/.204352|title=Neflix Teases Production I.G's Terminator Anime|last=Tai|first=Anita|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=November 11, 2023|access-date=November 21, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cayanan|first=Joanna|title=Netflix Reveals ''Terminator Zero'' Anime to Premiere Worldwide on August 29|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-05-15/netflix-reveals-terminator-zero-anime-to-premiere-worldwide-on-august-29/.210825|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=May 15, 2024|access-date=May 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left {{TBA}}
| ''[[BRZRKR]]''
| {{TBA}}
| {{TBA}}
| Based on the comic by [[Keanu Reeves]], [[Matt Kindt]] and [[Ron Garney]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/keanu-reeves-brzrkr-anime-confirmed-for-two-seasons-on-netflix-comic-con-2022|title=Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Confirmed for Two Seasons on Netflix - Comic-Con 2022
|last1=Scheeden|first1=Jesse|last2=Fowler|first2=Matt|website=[[IGN]]|date=July 23, 2022|access-date=May 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512211006/https://www.ign.com/articles/keanu-reeves-brzrkr-anime-confirmed-for-two-seasons-on-netflix-comic-con-2022|archive-date=May 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width=10 class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director(s)
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class ="unsortable" | {{abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 1989
| ''[[Patlabor: The Movie]]''
| Mamoru Oshii
| Based on the manga by [[Patlabor#Headgear|Headgear]]. Produced with [[Studio Deen]].
| <ref name="patlabor1">{{cite web|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2019/07/15-1/the-future-is-now-30-years-of-patlabor-the-movie|last=Chapman|first=Paul|title=The Future is Now: 30 Years of Patlabor the Movie|date=July 15, 2019|access-date=June 4, 2023|website=[[Crunchyroll]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215234119/https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2019/07/15-1/the-future-is-now-30-years-of-patlabor-the-movie|archive-date=December 15, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 1992
| ''[[The Weathering Continent]]''
| [[Kōichi Mashimo]]
| Based on the light novel series by Sei Takekawa. As IG Tatsunoko.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410477|script-title=ja:風の大陸|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513061619/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410477|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|+
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 1993
| ''[[Patlabor 2: The Movie]]''
| rowspan="2" | Mamoru Oshii
| As IG Tatsunoko. Based on the original series by Headgear.
| <ref name="patlabor2">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410545|script-title=ja:機動警察パトレイバー2 the Movie
|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513062307/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410545|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 1995
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]''
| Based on the manga by Masamune Shirow.
| <ref name="gits95">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410703|script-title=ja:Ghost in the Shell/攻殻機動隊|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513062944/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410703|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left | 1997
| ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth#Rebirth|Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Hideaki Anno]]{{efn|Chief director}} Kazuya Tsurumaki{{efn|Credited as Director for ''Rebirth'' and ''The End of Evangelion''.}}
| With Gainax. Production I.G worked on the ''Rebirth'' part of the film.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410811|script-title=ja:新世紀エヴァンゲリオン劇場版［シト新生］|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513065945/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410811|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion: The End of Evangelion]]''
| With Gainax.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410847|script-title=ja:新世紀エヴァンゲリオン劇場版 The End Of Evangelion|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513071547/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C410847|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 1999
| ''[[Cyber Team in Akihabara|Cyber Team in Akihabara: Summer Vacation of 2011]]''
| Hiroaki Sakurai
| With Xebec. Based on the anime series by [[Tsukasa Kotobuki]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411006|script-title=ja:アキハバラ電脳組 2011年の夏休み|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513072607/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411006|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left | 2000
| ''[[Jin-Roh: The Wolf Brigade]]''
| [[Hiroyuki Okiura]]
| Written by Mamoru Oshii.
| <ref name="jinwolf">{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411044|script-title=ja:人狼|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513073521/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411044|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Blood: The Last Vampire]]''
| [[Hiroyuki Kitakubo]]
| Based on a story by Kenji Kamiyama. Also developed by Junichi Fujisaku and Mamoru Oshii.
| <ref name="bloodvamp">{{cite web|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3737916/blood-the-last-vampire-2000-anime-horror-movie-bleeds-style-and-creativity-horrors-elsewhere/|title='Blood: The Last Vampire' – 2000 Anime Horror Movie Bleeds Style and Creativity [Horrors Elsewhere]|last=Lê|first=Paul|date=October 28, 2022|website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513075555/https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3737916/blood-the-last-vampire-2000-anime-horror-movie-bleeds-style-and-creativity-horrors-elsewhere/|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2001
| ''[[Sakura Wars: The Movie]]''
| Mitsuru Hongo
| Based on the Sega video game series [[Sakura Wars|of the same name]] by [[Oji Hiroi]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-06-01/funimation-licenses-sakura-wars/the-movie-on-blu-ray|title=Funimation Licenses Sakura Wars: The Movie on Blu-ray|last=Loveridge|first=Lynzee|date=June 1, 2013|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513152410/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-06-01/funimation-licenses-sakura-wars/the-movie-on-blu-ray|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2003
| ''[[Kill Bill Vol. 1]]''
| {{n/a}}
| Production I.G animated ''Chapter 3: The Origin of O-Ren''.
| <ref name="kbill">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-08-10/tarantino-details-production-i.g-new-kill-bill-anime|title=Tarantino Details Production I.G's New Kill Bill Anime|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=August 10, 2009|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513161711/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-08-10/tarantino-details-production-i.g-new-kill-bill-anime|archive-date=May 13, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left | 2004
| ''[[Dead Leaves]]''
| [[Hiroyuki Imaishi]]
| Original concept by Hiroyuki Imaishi.
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/dead-leaves/index.html|title=Dead Leaves|publisher=Production I.G|language=ja|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514071859/https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/dead-leaves/index.html|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence]]''
| Mamoru Oshii
| Sequel to ''Ghost in the Shell''.
| <ref name="gits04">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-07-03/funimation-licenses-ghost-in-the-shell-2-innocence-film/.103930|title=Funimation Licenses Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence Film|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=July 3, 2016|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514072733/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-07-03/funimation-licenses-ghost-in-the-shell-2-innocence-film/.103930|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left | 2005
| ''The Prince of Tennis – The Two Samurai: The First Game''{{efn|Production I.G worked as a co-producer with Trans Arts on another film titled ''The Prince of Tennis: A Gift from Atobe'' that was released in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411326|script-title=ja:劇場版テニスの王子様跡部からの贈り物～君に捧げるテニプリ祭り～|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514101224/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411326|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Takayuki Hamana
| Based on the manga by Takeshi Konomi.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411328|script-title=ja:劇場版テニスの王子様二人のサムライThe First Game|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514100557/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411328|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle the Movie: The Princess in the Birdcage Kingdom]]''
| Itsuro Kawasaki
| rowspan="2" | Based on the manga by the group Clamp.
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/tsubasa-movie-torikago/|script-title=ja:劇場版ツバサ・クロニクル鳥カゴの国の姫君|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 14, 2023|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514095628/https://www.production-ig.co.jp/works/tsubasa-movie-torikago/|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[xxxHolic: A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''
| Tsutomu Mizushima
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411372|script-title=ja:劇場版 ×××Holic 真夏ノ夜ノ夢|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514133334/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C411372|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2006
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - Solid State Society]]''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| Based on the manga by Masamune Shirow.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13150|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊 Stand Alone Complex Solid State Society|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514134248/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C13150|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2008
| ''[[The Sky Crawlers (film)|The Sky Crawlers]]''
| Mamoru Oshii
| Based on the novel series [[The Sky Crawlers|of the same name]] by [[Hiroshi Mori (writer)|Hiroshi Mori]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-06-20/oshii%27s-latest-film-the-sky-crawlers-set-for-2008|title=Oshii's Latest Film, The Sky Crawlers, Set for 2008|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=June 20, 2007|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514140407/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-06-20/oshii%27s-latest-film-the-sky-crawlers-set-for-2008|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left | 2009
| ''[[Tales of Vesperia: The First Strike]]''
| Kanta Kamei
| Based on the [[Bandai Namco Entertainment|Namco]] video game [[Tales of Vesperia|of the same name]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-04-07/tales-of-vesperia-film-new-jinki-manga-titled-dated|title=Tales of Vesperia Film, New Jinki Manga Titled. Dated|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=April 7, 2009|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514141108/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-04-07/tales-of-vesperia-film-new-jinki-manga-titled-dated|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Eden of the East: The King of Eden''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| {{n/a}}
| <ref name="eden2">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-01/eden-of-the-east-the-movie-ii-trailer-streamed|title=Eden of the East the Movie II's Trailer Streamed|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=February 1, 2010|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514141803/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-01/eden-of-the-east-the-movie-ii-trailer-streamed|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oblivion Island: Haruka and the Magic Mirror]]''
| [[Shinsuke Sato]]
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-07-21/production-i.g-oblivion-island-film-promos-posted|title=Production I.G's Oblivion Island Film Promos Posted|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=July 21, 2009|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514154358/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-07-21/production-i.g-oblivion-island-film-promos-posted|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2010
| ''Eden of the East: Paradise Lost''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| {{n/a}}
| <ref name="eden2" />
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2010–2011
| ''[[Broken Blade]]''{{efn|A 12-episode series adaptation of the films aired in 2014 with added content.<ref name="brokenblade" />}}
| Tetsuro Amino{{efn|Chief director}} Nobuyoshi Habara{{efn|Director}}
| Six films released from 2010 to 2011. Based on the manga by Yunosuke Yoshinaga. Produced with [[Xebec (studio)|Xebec]].
| <ref name="brokenblade">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-03-01/updated-broken-blade-tv-anime-ad-aired|title=Updated Broken Blade TV Anime's Ad Aired|last=Pappas|first=Andre|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 1, 2014|access-date=April 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430091745/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-03-01/updated-broken-blade-tv-anime-ad-aired|archive-date=April 30, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" style=text-align:left | 2010
| ''[[Book Girl (film)|Book Girl]]''{{efn|Three [[original video animations]] (OVA) were released on DVD along with the release of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-03-25/bunka-shoujo-gets-3-all-new-anime-dvd-episodes|title=Bungaku Shoujo Gets 3 All-New Anime DVD Episodes (Updated)|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=March 25, 2010|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514190542/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-03-25/bunka-shoujo-gets-3-all-new-anime-dvd-episodes|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Shunsuke Tada
| Based on the light novel series [[Book Girl|of the same name]] by Mizuki Nomura.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-11-11/production-i.g-bungaku-shoujo-film-teaser-streamed|title=Production I.G's Bungaku Shoujo Film Teaser Streamed|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=November 11, 2009|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514190348/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-11-11/production-i.g-bungaku-shoujo-film-teaser-streamed|archive-date=May 14, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Hiyokoi]]''
| Norihiro Naganuma<ref>{{cite web|last=Luster|first=Joseph|title=The Ancient Magus' Bride Anime Showcased in First Promo|date=March 28, 2017|access-date=May 15, 2023|website=[[Otaku USA]]|url=https://otakuusamagazine.com/the-ancient-magus-bride-anime-showcased-in-first-promo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515160941/https://otakuusamagazine.com/the-ancient-magus-bride-anime-showcased-in-first-promo/|archive-date=May 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{n/a}}
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Yumeiro Pâtissière Shōjo Baking Manga Gets Event Anime|date=May 28, 2010|access-date=May 15, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-28/yumeiro-patissiere-shojo-baking-manga-gets-event-anime|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515161709/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-28/yumeiro-patissiere-shojo-baking-manga-gets-event-anime|archive-date=May 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Loups=Garous]]''
| Junichi Fujisaku
| With Trans Arts.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C412658|script-title=ja:ルー=ガルー|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515162712/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C412658|archive-date=May 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7" style=text-align:left | 2011
| ''[[Sengoku Basara: The Last Party]]''
| Kazuya Nomura
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Sengoku Basara Film Dated June 4 with PSP Game in Summer (Updated)|date=January 3, 2011|access-date=May 15, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-01-03/sengoku-basara-film-dated-june-4-with-psp-game-in-summer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515163151/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-01-03/sengoku-basara-film-dated-june-4-with-psp-game-in-summer|archive-date=May 15, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Drawer Hobs''
| Kazuchika Kise
| Short film.
| <ref group="Web">{{cite web|title=Drawer Hobs|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 17, 2023|url=http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/81_/index.html}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[A Letter to Momo]]''
| Hiroyuki Okiura
| World premiere in 2011. Released in Japan in 2012.
| <ref>{{cite web|title=A Letter to Momo's 2nd Trailer Streamed|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=December 1, 2011|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-12-01/a-letter-to-momo-2nd-trailer-streamed|access-date=May 17, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''Xi Avant''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| Short film. Collaboration with [[NTT Docomo]].
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Kamiyama's 'Xi Avant,' Sengoku Otome Promos Streamed|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=March 9, 2011|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-03-09/kamiyama-xi-avant-sengoku-otome-promos-streamed|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519171043/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-03-09/kamiyama-xi-avant-sengoku-otome-promos-streamed|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''The Prince of Tennis - The Battle of the British City''
| Shunsuke Tada
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Prince of Tennis Film Event to Be Streamed Live|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=September 1, 2011|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-09-01/2011-prince-of-tennis-film-event-to-be-streamed-live|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519171801/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-09-01/2011-prince-of-tennis-film-event-to-be-streamed-live|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Appleseed XIII|Appleseed XIII: Tartaros]]''
| rowspan="2" | Takayuki Hamana
| rowspan="2" | Based on the manga series [[Appleseed (manga)|of the same name]] by Masamune Shirow. Compilation of anime series.
| rowspan="2" | <ref group="Web">{{cite web|title=Appleseed XIII: Tartaros, Appleseed XIII: Ouranos|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 19, 2023|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/88_/s01_/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519173050/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/88_/s01_/index.html|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Appleseed XIII|''Appleseed XIII: Ouranos'']]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5" style=text-align:left | 2012
| ''[[Blood-C: The Last Dark]]''
| Naoyoshi Shiotani
| Sequel to the anime series.
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Blood-C: The Last Dark Anime Film's New Trailer Posted|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=April 2, 2012|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-04-02/blood-c/the-last-dark-anime-film-new-trailer-posted|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519193052/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-04-02/blood-c/the-last-dark-anime-film-new-trailer-posted|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Library War: The Wings of Revolution]]''
| Takayuki Hamana
| Sequel to the anime series.
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Library War: The Wings of Revolution Film's Trailer Posted|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=March 9, 2012|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-09/library-war/the-wings-of-revolution-film-trailer-posted|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519194432/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-09/library-war/the-wings-of-revolution-film-trailer-posted|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[009 Re:Cyborg]]''
| Kenji Kamiyama
| Based on the manga ''[[Cyborg 009]]'' by [[Shotaro Ishinomori]].
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Kenji Kamiyama's Full 009 Re:Cyborg Trailer Streamed|last=Loveridge|first=Lynzee|date=September 27, 2012|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-09-27/kenji-kamiyama-full-009-re-cyborg-trailer-streamed|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519194828/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-09-27/kenji-kamiyama-full-009-re-cyborg-trailer-streamed|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Wasurenagumo''
| Toshihisa Kaiya
| Short film made for the ''Anime Mirai'' project.
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Anime Mirai 2012 Project's Shorts Trailer Streamed|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=March 5, 2012|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-05/anime-mirai-2012-project-shorts-trailer-streamed|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519195403/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-05/anime-mirai-2012-project-shorts-trailer-streamed|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mass Effect: Paragon Lost]]''
| Atsushi Takeuchi
| Prequel story to ''[[Mass Effect 3]]''. With [[BioWare]] and T.O. Entertainment.
| <ref>Mass Effect production:
*Director and studios: {{cite web|url=http://masseffectparagonlost.com/story/|title=The Story|website=Mass Effect: Paragon Lost|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914002354/http://masseffectparagonlost.com/story/|archive-date=September 14, 2013}}
*Release information: {{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-11-02/mass-effect-feature-to-play-in-6-n-american-theaters-in-november|last=Loveridge|first=Lynzee|title=Mass Effect Feature to Play in 6 N. American Theaters in November|date=November 2, 2012|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519202600/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-11-02/mass-effect-feature-to-play-in-6-n-american-theaters-in-november|archive-date=May 19, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2013
| ''[[Kick-Heart]]''
| [[Masaaki Yuasa]]
| Short film. Financed through a [[Kickstarter]] funding campaign.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-04-17/video-for-kick-heart-anime-short-advertises-masked-ball-premiere-event|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|title=Video For 'Kick-Heart' Anime Short Advertises Masked Ball Premiere Event|date=April 17, 2013|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064807/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-04-17/video-for-kick-heart-anime-short-advertises-masked-ball-premiere-event|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2014
| ''[[Giovanni's Island]]''
| Mizuho Nishikubo
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/global/production-i-g-warner-take-on-giovannis-island-1200605718/|last=Schilling|first=Mark|title=Production I.G, Warner Take on 'Giovanni's Island'|date=September 9, 2013|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520065616/https://variety.com/2013/film/global/production-i-g-warner-take-on-giovannis-island-1200605718/|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" style=text-align:left | 2015
| ''[[Psycho-Pass: The Movie]]''
| Katsuyuki Motoriho{{efn|General director}} Naoyoshi Shiotani
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C413467|script-title=ja:劇場版 Psycho-Pass|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520070303/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C413467|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Miss Hokusai]]''
| [[Keiichi Hara]]
| Based on the manga series by [[Hinako Sugiura]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C413473|script-title=ja:百日紅 Miss Hokusai|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|website=Media Arts Database|language=ja|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520070726/https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C413473|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell: The New Movie]]''
| Kazuchika Kise{{efn|Chief director}} Kazuya Nomura
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-05-29/2015-ghost-in-the-shell-film-theatrical-preview-streamed/.88686|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|title=2015 Ghost in the Shell Film's Theatrical Preview Streamed|date=May 29, 2015|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520071119/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-05-29/2015-ghost-in-the-shell-film-theatrical-preview-streamed/.88686|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mitsuami no Kami-sama|Pigtails]]''
| Yoshimi Itazu
| Based on the manga by Machiko Kyō. Short animated film used for a stage play of the manga.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-09-23/quake-themed-mitsuami-no-kamisama-play-ad-teases-animation-sand-art/.93249|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=Quake-Themed Mitsuami no Kamisama Play's Ad Teases Animation, Sand Art|date=September 23, 2015|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520090851/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-09-23/quake-themed-mitsuami-no-kamisama-play-ad-teases-animation-sand-art/.93249|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2017
| ''[[Kuroko's Basketball The Movie: Last Game]]''
| Shunsuke Tada
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2016-11-20/kuroko-basketball-last-game-anime-film-opens-on-march-18/.109027|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|title=Kuroko's Basketball Last Game Anime Film Opens on March 18|date=November 20, 2016|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520091412/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2016-11-20/kuroko-basketball-last-game-anime-film-opens-on-march-18/.109027|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2018
| ''[[Tokimeki Restaurant: Miracle 6]]''
| [[Chiaki Kon]]
| Based on the ''Tokimeki Restaurant'' [[mobile game]] by [[Koei Tecmo]] and [[Konami]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-10-24/tokimeki-restaurant-film-teaser-reveals-february-10-opening/.123118|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=Tokimeki Restaurant Film's Teaser Reveals February 10 Opening|date=October 24, 2017|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520091929/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-10-24/tokimeki-restaurant-film-teaser-reveals-february-10-opening/.123118|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left | 2019
| ''[[Psycho-Pass: Sinners of the System]]''
| Naoyoshi Shiotani
| Film trilogy.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-02-12/3rd-psycho-pass-ss-anime-film-trailer-previews-remixed-ending-song/.143305|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|title=Tokimeki Restaurant Film's Teaser Reveals February 10 Opening|date=February 12, 2019|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520092957/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-02-12/3rd-psycho-pass-ss-anime-film-trailer-previews-remixed-ending-song/.143305|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Stellar War''
| Shunsuke Tada
| Film trilogy that served as the second season of the anime series.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-02-12/3rd-psycho-pass-ss-anime-film-trailer-previews-remixed-ending-song/.143305|last=Mateo|first=Alex|title=Legend of the Galactic Heroes Anime's 2nd 'Season' Reveals New Visual, Images|date=October 1, 2019|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520155859/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-01/legend-of-the-galactic-heroes-anime-2nd-season-reveals-new-visual-images/.151709|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2019–2021
| ''[[Fafner in the Azure|Fafner in the Azure - The Beyond]]''
| Takashi Noto
| Film tetralogy released from 2019 to 2021. Produced with Xebec.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-07-04/final-3-fafner-the-beyond-episodes-teaser-unveils-november-5-debut/.174788|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Final 3 Fafner the Beyond Episodes' Teaser Unveils November 5 Debut|date=July 4, 2021|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520160924/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-07-04/final-3-fafner-the-beyond-episodes-teaser-unveils-november-5-debut/.174788|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" style=text-align:left | 2020
| ''[[Psycho-Pass 3: First Inspector]]''
| Naoyoshi Shiotani
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fandompost.com/2020/03/27/psycho-pass-3-first-inspector-anime-feature-film-debuts/|last=Beveridge|first=Chris|title='Psycho-Pass 3: First Inspector' Anime Feature Film Debuts|date=March 27, 2020|website=The Fandom Post|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520162451/https://www.fandompost.com/2020/03/27/psycho-pass-3-first-inspector-anime-feature-film-debuts/|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[BEM: Become Human]]''
| Hiroshi Ikehata
| Reboot of the ''[[Humanoid Monster Bem]]'' anime series.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-08-20/bem-become-human-film-trailer-reveals-theme-song-october-2-opening/.163081|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|title=BEM: Become Human Film's Trailer Reveals Theme Song, October 2 Opening|date=August 20, 2020|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520163251/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-08-20/bem-become-human-film-trailer-reveals-theme-song-october-2-opening/.163081|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2021
| ''[[Fate/Grand Order|Fate/Grand Order - Divine Realm of the Round Table: Camelot]]''
| Kazuto Arai
| Animation production for the second film titled ''Paladin; Agaterám''.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2020-12-05/2nd-fate-grand-order-anime-film-slated-for-next-spring/.167113|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=2nd Fate/Grand Order Anime Film Slated for Next Spring|date=December 5, 2020|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520190048/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2020-12-05/2nd-fate-grand-order-anime-film-slated-for-next-spring/.167113|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" style=text-align:left | 2022
| ''[[The Deer King]]''
| [[Masashi Ando]] [[Masayuki Miyaji]]
| Based on the novel series by Nahoko Uehashi.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-05/the-deer-king-film-2nd-trailer-announces-rescheduled-february-4-opening/.180308|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=The Deer King Film's 2nd Trailer Announces Rescheduled February 4 Opening|date=December 5, 2021|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520192443/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-05/the-deer-king-film-2nd-trailer-announces-rescheduled-february-4-opening/.180308|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Deemo: Memorial Keys]]''
| Shūhei Matsushita
| Based on the ''[[Deemo]]'' video game by [[Rayark]]. With [[Signal.MD]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-10-21/deemo-memorial-keys-anime-film-reveals-february-25-debut-5-more-cast-members/.178649|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|title=Deemo Memorial Keys Anime Film Reveals February 25 Debut, 5 More Cast Members|date=October 21, 2021|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520193031/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-10-21/deemo-memorial-keys-anime-film-reveals-february-25-debut-5-more-cast-members/.178649|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Clash''
| rowspan="2" | Shunsuke Tada
| Film trilogy that served as the third season of the anime series.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-10-08/legend-of-the-galactic-heroes-die-neue-these-season-3-teaser-reveals-title-screening-dates/.178274|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These Season 3's Teaser Reveals Title, Screening Dates|date=October 8, 2021|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520193711/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-10-08/legend-of-the-galactic-heroes-die-neue-these-season-3-teaser-reveals-title-screening-dates/.178274|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Intrigue''
| Film trilogy that served as the fourth season of the anime series.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-05-12/legend-of-the-galactic-heroes-die-neue-these-anime-gets-4th-season/.185624|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These Anime Gets 4th Season|date=May 12, 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520194358/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-05-12/legend-of-the-galactic-heroes-die-neue-these-anime-gets-4th-season/.185624|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" style=text-align:left | 2023
| ''Fafner in the Azure: Behind the Line''
| Takashi Noto
| {{n/a}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2022/09/23-1/fafner-in-the-azure-spin-off-behind-the-line-gets-january-20-theatrical-release|title=Fafner in the Azure Spin-off Behind the Line Gets January 20 Theatrical Release|last=Harding|first=Daryl|website=[[Crunchyroll]]|date=September 23, 2022|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520195532/https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2022/09/23-1/fafner-in-the-azure-spin-off-behind-the-line-gets-january-20-theatrical-release|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rakudai Majo]]''
| Takayuki Hamana
| Based on the book series by Satoko Narita.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-01-25/the-klutzy-witch-anime-film-reveals-3-more-cast-members/.194195|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=The Klutzy Witch Anime Film Reveals 3 More Cast Members|date=January 25, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520194627/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-01-25/the-klutzy-witch-anime-film-reveals-3-more-cast-members/.194195|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Psycho-Pass Providence]]''
| Naoyoshi Shiotani
| Film celebrating the 10th anniversary of the ''Psycho-Pass'' franchise.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-02-16/psycho-pass-providence-10th-anniversary-film-teaser-reveals-theme-song/.194995|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=Psycho-Pass Providence 10th Anniversary Film's Teaser Reveals Theme Song|date=February 16, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520194824/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-02-16/psycho-pass-providence-10th-anniversary-film-teaser-reveals-theme-song/.194995|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Concierge at Hokkyoku Department Store]]''
| Yoshimi Itazu
| Based on the manga by Tsuchika Nishimura.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-04-24/the-concierge-at-hokkyoku-department-store-manga-gets-anime-film-by-production-i.g/.197444|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=The Concierge at Hokkyoku Department Store Manga Gets Anime Film by Production I.G|date=April 24, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520195126/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-04-24/the-concierge-at-hokkyoku-department-store-manga-gets-anime-film-by-production-i.g/.197444|archive-date=May 20, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left | 2024
| ''[[Haikyu!! The Dumpster Battle]]''
| rowspan="2"| Susumu Mitsunaka
| Sequel to the anime series.
| <ref name="haikyufilms">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-09-24/1st-haikyu-final-film-trailer-unveils-director-writer-february-16-opening/.202764|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=1st Haikyu!! Final Film's Trailer Unveils Director/Writer, February 16 Opening|date=September 24, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=September 24, 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style=text-align:left {{TBA}}
| ''Haikyu!!'' vs. The Little Giant
| Sequel to Haikyu!! The Dumpster Battle
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=2nd Haikyū!! Anime Sequel Film Confirmed With New TV Short|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2025-03-02/2nd-haikyu-anime-sequel-film-confirmed-with-new-tv-short/.221844|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=March 2, 2025|access-date=March 2, 2025|archive-date=March 2, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302124357/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2025-03-02/2nd-haikyu-anime-sequel-film-confirmed-with-new-tv-short/.221844|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Live-action series===
* ''[[K-tai Investigator 7]]'' (2008–2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-02-29/miike-i.g-create-mobile-phone-detectives-7-tv-drama|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Miike, I.G Create Mobile Phone Detectives 7 TV Drama|date=February 29, 2008|access-date=May 21, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521064939/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-02-29/miike-i.g-create-mobile-phone-detectives-7-tv-drama|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Channel wa sono mama!|Stay Tuned!]]'' (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.htb.co.jp/channel/staff/|script-title=ja:スタッフ|publisher=[[Hokkaido Television Broadcasting]]|access-date=May 21, 2023|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521070438/https://www.htb.co.jp/channel/staff/|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Dragons of Wonderhatch]]'' (2023, animated scenes)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-03-07/disney-live-action-anime-dragons-of-wonderhatch-project-unveils-more-cast-and-staff-including-/.195698|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|title=Disney's Live-Action/Anime Dragons of Wonderhatch Project Unveils More Cast & Staff Including Production I.G|date=March 7, 2023|access-date=May 21, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521065754/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-03-07/disney-live-action-anime-dragons-of-wonderhatch-project-unveils-more-cast-and-staff-including-/.195698|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Music videos===
* [[m-flo]]: ''Quantum Leap'' (2000)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/08_/000138.html|title=Quantum Leap|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521091004/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/08_/000138.html|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Linda (singer)|Linda]]: ''Chains & Rings'' (2003)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/52_/index.html|title=Overview–Chains & Rings / Tsepi i kol'tsa|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504074537/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/52_/index.html|archive-date=May 4, 2023}}</ref>
* [[Mylène Farmer]]: ''[[Peut-être toi]]'' (2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mylene.net/mylene/studios-ig-interview.php|title=Interview du porte parole des studios IG|last=Brunet|first=Océane|access-date=May 21, 2023|website=Mylene.net|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521073728/https://mylene.net/mylene/studios-ig-interview.php|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Maaya Sakamoto]]: ''Universe'' (2007)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/54_/index.html|title=Overview–Universe|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521084129/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/54_/index.html|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Re:vale: ''NO DOUBT'' (2017)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/hotnews/2017/053001.html|publisher=Production I.G|script-title=ja:アプリゲーム『アイドリッシュセブン』より、作中ユニット「Re:vale」のミュージックビデオをI.Gが制作しました！|language=ja|access-date=May 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521090551/https://www.production-ig.co.jp/hotnews/2017/053001.html|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Valorant]]'': ''二律背反 REFLECTIONS'' (2023)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.co.jp/hotnews/2023/062201.html|script-title=ja:『Valorant』シネマティックトレーラー公開！|date=July 3, 2023|access-date=July 10, 2023|publisher=[[Production I.G]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710163210/https://www.production-ig.co.jp/hotnews/2023/062201.html|archive-date=July 10, 2023|url-status=live|language=ja}}</ref>

===Video games===
{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* ''[[Power Pros]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Tales (video game series)|Tales series]]'' (1995–2009)
* ''[[Grandia (video game)|Grandia]]'' (1997, CG support)
* ''[[Ghost in the Shell (video game)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' (1997, animated sequences)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/37_/index.html|title=Overview - Ghost in the Shell|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521143102/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works_sp/37_/index.html|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[The Granstream Saga]]'' (1997, animated sequences)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://production-ig.com/contents/works/05_/000173.html|title=The Granstream Saga|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521163624/http://production-ig.com/contents/works/05_/000173.html|archive-date=May 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Yarudora Series Vol. 1: Double Cast'' (1998, animated cutscenes)<ref name="yarudoras">{{cite web|url=https://www.playstation.com/ja-jp/scej/title/yarudora/|script-title=ja:"やるドラ"ポータブルシリーズ | website=[[PlayStation]]| publisher=[[Sony]]| access-date=June 25, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418011513/http://www.jp.playstation.com/scej/title/yarudora/| archive-date=April 18, 2011| language=ja}}</ref>
* ''Yarudora Series Vol. 2: Kisetsu o Dakishimete'' (1998, animated cutscenes)<ref name="yarudoras" />
* ''Yarudora Series Vol. 3: Sampaguita'' (1998, animated cutscenes)<ref name="yarudoras" />
* ''Yarudora Series Vol. 4: Yukiwari no Hana'' (1998, animated cutscenes)<ref name="yarudoras" />
* ''[[Tekken 3]]'' (1998, pre-rendered CGI cutscenes and animated cutscene)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000171.html|title=Tekken 3|access-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522173609/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000171.html|archive-date=May 22, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Xenogears]]'' (1998, traditionally animated cutscenes and pre-rendered CGI cutscenes)<ref>{{cite web|last=Bartholow|first=Peter|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/first-look-at-xenogears/1100-2467580/|title=First Look at Xenogears|website=[[GameSpot]]|date=April 26, 2000|access-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522171942/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/first-look-at-xenogears/1100-2467580/|archive-date=May 22, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Sakura Wars 2: Thou Shalt Not Die]]'' (1998)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000170.html|title=Sakura Wars 2: Thou Shalt Not Die|access-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522173904/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000170.html|archive-date=May 22, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere]]'' (1999)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000158.html|title=Ace Combat 3 - Electrosphere|access-date=May 22, 2023}}</ref>
* ''[[Love & Destroy]]'' (1999)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000155.html|title=Love & Destroy|access-date=May 22, 2023}}</ref>
* ''[[Psychometrer Eiji]]'' (1999)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000164.html|title=Psychometrer Eiji|access-date=May 22, 2023}}</ref>
* ''[[Valkyrie Profile]]'' (1999, character design)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000154.html|title=Valkyrie Profile|access-date=May 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523180827/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000154.html|archive-date=May 23, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Wild Arms 2]]'' (1999)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=https://www.production-ig.com/contents/works/05_/000156.html|title=Wild Arms 2nd Ignition|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=August 22, 2023}}</ref>
* ''[[Summon Night]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Sakura Wars 3: Is Paris Burning?]]'' (2001)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000148.html|title=Sakura Wars 3: Is Paris Burning?|access-date=May 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409061310/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000148.html|archive-date=April 9, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Sakura Wars 4: Fall in Love, Maidens]]'' (2002)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|publisher=Production I.G|url=https://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000146.html|title=Sakura Wars 4: Fall in Love, Maidens|access-date=May 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523190944/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000146.html|archive-date=May 23, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Silk to Cotton'' (2002, character design)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/software/a7ij/|publisher=[[Nintendo]]|script-title=ja:シルクコットン|language=ja|access-date=May 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040925011533/https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/software/a7ij/|archive-date=September 25, 2004}}</ref>
* ''[[Surveillance Kanshisha]]'' (2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/games/gsnews/0204/17/news04.html|script-title=ja:「サーヴィランス監視者」ムービーが25日より配信|website=SoftBank Games|date=April 17, 2002|access-date=May 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527072628/https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/games/gsnews/0204/17/news04.html|archive-date=May 27, 2023|language=ja}}</ref>
* ''[[Sakura Wars: So Long, My Love|Sakura Wars V Episode 0]]'' (2004)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sakura-taisen.com/game/v-0/index.html|script-title=ja:サクラ大戦新シリーズ、いよいよ始動!|website=Sakura Wars V Episode 0 Official Website|access-date=May 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130082050/http://sakura-taisen.com:80/game/v-0/htjimeni.html|archive-date=January 30, 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
* ''[[Lethal Enforcers 3]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Popolocrois]] Monogatari II'' (2000, opening and animated cutscenes)<ref group="Web">{{cite web|url=http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000153.html|title=Popolocrois Story II|publisher=Production I.G|access-date=May 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527152332/http://www.productionig.com/contents/works/05_/000153.html|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Fire Emblem: Path of Radiance]]'' (2005, CG animated cutscenes)
* ''[[Namco × Capcom]]'' (2005)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rpgfan.com/news/2005/1104.html|title=Monolith Soft Announces Namco Vs. Capcom|last=Winkler|first=Chris|website=RPGFan|date=January 26, 2005|access-date=May 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211093327/https://www.rpgfan.com/news/2005/1104.html|archive-date=February 11, 2005}}</ref>
* ''[[Sonic Riders]]'' (2006, opening animation)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sonic.sega.jp/riders/ig.html|script-title=ja:『ソニックライダーズ』オープニングアニメーション! 制作刀流れ|publisher=[[SEGA]]|website=Sonic Riders Official Website|language=ja|access-date=May 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523183806/https://sonic.sega.jp/riders/ig.html|archive-date=May 23, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Children of Mana]]'' (2006, animated cutscenes)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/children-of-mana-gets-delivery-date/1100-6140655/|last=Niizumi|first=Hirohiko|date=December 1, 2005|access-date=May 27, 2023|website=[[GameSpot]]|title=Children of Mana gets delivery date|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527150634/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/children-of-mana-gets-delivery-date/1100-6140655/|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Valkyrie Profile 2: Silmeria]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Fire Emblem: Radiant Dawn]]'' (2007, CG animated cutscenes)
* ''[[Star Ocean (video game)|Star Ocean: First Departure]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Star Ocean: The Second Story|Star Ocean: Second Evolution]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Wario Land: Shake It!]]'' (2008, cutscenes and character animation)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/09/30/wario-land-interview|title=Wario Land Interview|date=October 1, 2008|access-date=May 27, 2023|website=[[IGN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527113109/https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/09/30/wario-land-interview|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Sands of Destruction]]'' (2008)
* ''[[The Sky Crawlers: Innocent Aces]]'' (2008, CG animated cutscenes)
* ''[[Infinite Space]]'' (2009, short promotional film produced with studio [[Gonzo (company)|Gonzo]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-09-29/gonzo-i.g-animates-shorts-for-sega-infinite-space|title=Gonzo, I.G Animates Shorts for Sega's Infinite Space|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=September 29, 2008|access-date=May 27, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527154205/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-09-29/gonzo-i.g-animates-shorts-for-sega-infinite-space|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Valkyria Chronicles III]]'' (2011, opening animation)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siliconera.com/try-valkyria-chronicles-iii-now-anime-and-nendoroids-coming-later/|title=Try Valkyria Chronicles III Now, Anime And Nendoroids Coming Later|date=November 9, 2010|access-date=May 27, 2023|website=Siliconera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527172121/https://www.siliconera.com/try-valkyria-chronicles-iii-now-anime-and-nendoroids-coming-later/|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Kid Icarus: Uprising]]'' (2012, Thanatos rising shorts)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-10/1st-kid-icarus-3d-anime-short-presented-by-nintendo|title=1st Kid Icarus 3D Anime Short Presented by Nintendo|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=March 10, 2012|access-date=May 27, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527172710/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-10/1st-kid-icarus-3d-anime-short-presented-by-nintendo|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[BlazBlue: Central Fiction]]'' (2016, opening animation)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-09-17/blazblue-centralfiction-game-animated-opening-video-streamed/.106590|title=BlazBlue: CentralFiction Game's Animated Opening Video Streamed|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=September 17, 2016|access-date=May 27, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527165324/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-09-17/blazblue-centralfiction-game-animated-opening-video-streamed/.106590|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Persona 5]]'' (2016, animated cutscenes,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2016-05-31/production-i.g-confirms-work-on-persona-5-rpg-anime-sequences/.102683|title=Production I.G Confirms Work on Persona 5 RPG's Anime Sequences|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=May 31, 2016|access-date=May 27, 2023|website=[[Anime News Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527173326/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2016-05-31/production-i.g-confirms-work-on-persona-5-rpg-anime-sequences/.102683|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> with Domerica)
* ''[[Persona 5 Royal]]'' (2019, animated cutscenes, with Domerica)
* ''[[Another Eden]]'' (2020, opening animation)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siliconera.com/contest-win-a-tales-of-x-another-eden-prize-pack-with-acrylic-stands-and-charms/|title=Contest: Win a Tales of x Another Eden Prize Pack With Acrylic Stands and Charms|website=Siliconera|date=January 5, 2021|access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref>
{{divcolend}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Production I.G website===
{{reflist|group=Web}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|Tokyo|Companies|Anime and manga}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.production-ig.co.jp/}} {{in lang|ja}}
* {{Official website|https://www.production-ig.com/}}
* {{anime News Network|company|337}}

{{Production I.G}}
{{Production I.G OVAs}}
{{Production I.G films}}
{{Japanese animation studios}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1987 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Animation studios in Tokyo]]
[[Category:IG Port]]
[[Category:Japanese animation studios]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Mass media companies based in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Production I.G]]
[[Category:Video production companies]]

EMI Music Japan

2025-05-28T22:42:39Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Japanese record company (2007–2013)}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2010}}
{{Infobox company
| name = EMI Music Japan Inc.
| native_name = 株式会社EMIミュージック・ジャパン
| native_name_lang = ja
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| fate = Dissolved; carried into [[Universal Music Japan]]
| former_names = Toshiba Musical Industries (1960–1973) Toshiba EMI (1973–2007)
| successor = [[EMI Records Japan]]
| parent = [[Toshiba]] ({{start date|1960}}–{{end date|2007}}) [[EMI]] (2007–2012) [[Universal Music Group]] (2012–2013)
| logo = EMIMusicJP.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| image = [[file:Akasaka Biz Tower 赤坂ビズタワー.jpg|250px]]
| image_caption = Akasaka Biz Tower where the company was headquartered
| foundation = October 1, 1960 in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
| defunct = April 1, 2013 (as a company)
| location_city = [[Akasaka Sacas|Akasaka Biz Tower]], 3-1, Akasaka Gochome, [[Minato, Tokyo]], Japan
| key_people = Kazuhiko Koike: President and CEO Junya Nakasone: Senior Managing Director Hitoshi Namekata: Managing Director
| num_employees = 327
| revenue = see [[Universal Music Group]]
| industry = [[Music]]
| website = {{cite web |url= http://emimusic.jp/ |title= <nowiki>http://emimusic.jp/</nowiki> |url-status=dead |archive-date= 2012-09-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120930224840/http://www.emimusic.jp/ }}
}}

{{nihongo|'''EMI Music Japan Inc.'''|株式会社EMIミュージック・ジャパン|[[Kabushiki gaisha|Kabushiki-gaisha]] EMI Music Japan|lead=yes}}, formerly {{nihongo|'''Toshiba EMI'''|東芝イーエムアイ株式会社|Tōshiba EMI Kabushiki-gaisha}}, was one of Japan's leading music companies. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of British music company [[EMI|EMI Group Ltd.]] on June 30, 2007, after [[Toshiba]] sold off its previous 45% stake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.global.toshiba/ww/news/corporate/2006/12/pr1402.html|title=Toshiba : Press Releases 14 December, 2006|website=www.toshiba.co.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emigroup.com/Press/2007/press48.htmAcquisition|title=Universal Music Group, the world's leading music company - Home Page - UMG|website=UMG}}</ref> Its [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] and [[president (corporate title)|president]] was Kazuhiko Koike. When EMI Music Japan was trading as Toshiba-EMI, it was involved with the production of anime. On April 1, 2013, the company became defunct, following its absorption into Universal Music Japan as a sublabel under the name [[EMI Records Japan]].

==History==
The company was founded on October 1, 1960, as {{nihongo|Toshiba Musical Industries|東芝音楽工業株式会社|Tōshiba Ongaku Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha}}. From 1962, it licensed Columbia (UK) titles for release in Japan. After an injection of capital by Capitol EMI, EMI acquired 50% of the company in October 1973, and the name was changed to '''Toshiba EMI Limited'''. On October 3, 1994, the equity ratio of the company was changed, in which EMI obtained 55% with Toshiba owning the remaining 45%. On June 30, 2007, Toshiba Corporation sold the remaining 45% stake in the company to EMI, giving EMI full ownership of the company. The name was then changed to '''EMI Music Japan''', reflecting Toshiba's divestiture from the business.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emimusic.jp/company/pdf/emi20070629.pdf |title=当社株式の譲渡と社名（商号）変更に関するお知らせ |trans-title=Notice regarding transfer of company shares and change of company name (trade name) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095500/http://www.emimusic.jp/company/pdf/emi20070629.pdf |access-date=2021-01-29|archive-date=2007-09-29 }}</ref> In 2012, EMI Music Japan and [[Universal Music Group]]'s [[Universal Music Japan|Japanese branch]] was scheduled to hold a corporate swap in response to the [[EMI|merger]] by January 15, 2013, with Kazuhiko Koike serving as EMIJ's president.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2012-12-26/ |title=役員人事のお知らせ - UNIVERSAL MUSIC JAPAN |trans-title=Notice of executive personnel changes |website=universal-music.co.jp}}</ref> On April 1, 2013, EMI Music Japan was officially absorbed into Universal Music Japan, became defunct as a company and was renamed to [[EMI Records Japan]].<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/universal-music-uk-announces-launch-of-virgin-emi-1552454/ Universal Music UK Announces Launch of Virgin EMI Records]. Billboard (2013-03-18). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.</ref> The label continued to use the ''TOCT'' catalog code until October 2013, when it started to use the ''TYCT'' catalog code. The official website was shut down as of October 23, 2013.<ref>[http://www.emimusic.jp/ EMI Records Japan UNIVERSAL MUSIC JAPAN official website notice] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811013024/http://www.emimusic.jp/ |date=2007-08-11 }}</ref>

After the dissolution and absorption, some of the former EMI staff and executives have been into different companies away from Universal Music. Then-executive producer San-e Ichii was named the managing director of Japan Content Expansion Department.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Life-Arts/Milestone/Veteran-music-executive-helps-Japan-s-government-pump-up-the-cultural-volume |title=Veteran music executive helps Japan's government pump up the cultural volume- Nikkei Asian Review |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015234910/http://asia.nikkei.com/Life-Arts/Milestone/Veteran-music-executive-helps-Japan-s-government-pump-up-the-cultural-volume |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kazuhiko Koike (also former CEO of Universal Music Japan) has stepped down from his position as CEO by the end of 2013, nine months after the merger, and became non-executive chairman by the beginning of 2014. He was replaced by Naoshi Fujikura.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://origin1-dev-www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/5785927/naoshi-fujikura-becomes-ceo-of-universal-music-japan |title=Naoshi Fujikura Becomes CEO of Universal Music Japan | Billboard |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019103715/http://origin1-dev-www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/5785927/naoshi-fujikura-becomes-ceo-of-universal-music-japan |archive-date=2014-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Advertising slogan===
EMI Music Japan's present slogan is ''"Music for all, All for music"''.

==Labels==
{{main|List of Universal Music Group labels}}
* Awake Sounds
* [[EMI Records Japan|EMI Records]] (Japan)
** [[Apple Records]]
** [[Capitol Records]]
*** Capitol Music (Japan)
** [[Virgin Records]]
*** Virgin Music (Japan) - not to be confused with [[Media Remoras]], a [[Pony Canyon]] label formerly known as "Virgin Japan"
* [[Eastworld]]
* Express
* Foozay Music
* i-Dance
* Reservotion Records
* SakuraStar Records
* SoundTown (EMI Strategic Marketing)
* Suite Supuesto!
* TM Factory
* Unlimited Records

==See also==
* [[List of record labels]]
* [[Youmex]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.emimusic.jp/}}—{{in lang|ja}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101218000934/http://50th.emimusic.jp/ 50th Anniversary of EMI Music Japan (2010) website]—{{in lang|ja}}

{{Toshiba}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:EMI Music Japan}}
[[Category:EMI Music Japan| ]]
[[Category:Japanese record labels]]
[[Category:Defunct record labels of Japan]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1960]]
[[Category:Record labels disestablished in 2013]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1960]]
[[Category:Mass media companies disestablished in 2013]]
[[Category:IFPI members]]
[[Category:Toshiba]]
[[Category:Universal Music Japan]]
[[Category:Universal Music Group]]
[[Category:Former Vivendi subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1960]]
[[Category:Japanese companies disestablished in 2013]]

Universal Music Japan

2025-05-28T22:30:40Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Japanese subsidiary of Universal Music Group}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Universal Music LLC
| logo = Universal Music Group logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_caption = Logo in use since January 2020
| image = Jingumae Tower building, Shibuya, Tokyo.jpg
| image_caption = Jingumae Tower Building, Universal Music Japan's headquarters in Tokyo
| native_name = ユニバーサルミュージック
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = Yunibāsaru myūjikku
| former_name = {{Unbulleted list|PolyGram Co., Ltd. (1990–1999)|Universal Music Co., Ltd. (1999–2009)}}
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = {{ubl|[[Music industry|Music]]|[[Entertainment]]}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1990|04|20}}
| location = 1-5-8 Jingumae, [[Shibuya]]
| location_city = [[Tokyo]]
| location_country = [[Japan]]
| area_served = [[East Asia]]
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list||Naoshi Fujikura (President and CEO)|[[Keiichi Ishizaka]] (former President)|}}
| products = [[Music]] and [[entertainment]]
| revenue = See [[Universal Music Group]]
| equity = {{JPYConvert|295.2|m}} (2021)
| num_employees = 550
| parent = [[Universal Music Group]]
| divisions = [[#Labels|List of Universal Music Japan labels]]
| subsid = DRC LLC {{interlanguage link|Office Augusta|ja|オフィスオーガスタ}} Universal Music Artists Universal Music Creative [[Universal Music Publishing Group|Universal Music Publishing Japan]]
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes = <ref name="Augusta">{{cite web|url=https://www.office-augusta.com/news161228.html|title=ユニバーサルミュージック/オフィスオーガスタ戦略的提携に向けた合意について|trans-title=Universal Music / Office Augusta Agreement on Strategic Alliance|website=office-augusta.com|publisher=Office Augusta|language=ja|date=December 28, 2016|accessdate=May 20, 2022|archive-date=May 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506114115/http://www.office-augusta.com/news161228.html}}</ref>
}}
'''{{Nihongo |Universal Music LLC |ユニバーサルミュージック合同会社 |Yunibāsaru myūjikku [[Gōdō gaisha]] |lead=yes}}''', often referred to as just '''Universal Music Japan''' or '''UMJ''', is a Japanese subsidiary of the [[Universal Music Group]] founded in 1990. It is the largest subsidiary for a foreign company in Japan regarding music distribution. The company is responsible for marketing and distribution in Japan for Japanese releases under Universal.

As of 2019, Universal Japan holds the second most shares in the Japanese music market, behind [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan|Sony Music Japan]], and is followed by [[Avex Inc.|Avex]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Schwartz |first=Rob |date=2020-11-17 |title=Japanese Label Avex Initiates Significant Downsizing |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/japanese-label-avex-initiates-significant-downsizing/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Early years ===
The company was founded as PolyGram Co., Ltd. in 1990 with Koike Kazuhiko serving as president and CEO. In 1999, the company was restructured and renamed as Universal Music Co., Ltd., following [[Seagram]]'s acquisition of PolyGram, and its subsequent integration into [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]].

=== 2009–2013: Renaming to Universal Music LLC ===
In 2009, the company was renamed as Universal Music LLC. Kazuhiko stepped down as CEO and [[Keiichi Ishizaka]] became CEO and president of the company.<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|last=Schwartz|first=Rob|title=Naoshi Fujikura Becomes CEO of Universal Music Japan|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/5785927/naoshi-fujikura-becomes-ceo-of-universal-music-japan|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>

=== 2013–2014: Restructure following EMI purchase ===
In 2011, EMI agreed to sell its recorded music operations to Universal Music Group for £1.2 billion ($1.9 billion) and its music publishing operations to a [[Sony]]-led consortium for $2.2 billion.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 8, 2009|title=Citigroup Sells EMI in Parts for $4.1 Billion to Vivendi, Sony|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-11-12/citigroup-sells-emi-in-parts-for-4-1-billion-to-vivendi-sony.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112081355/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-11-12/citigroup-sells-emi-in-parts-for-4-1-billion-to-vivendi-sony.html|archive-date=November 12, 2011|access-date=November 16, 2011|website=Businessweek.com}}</ref> Among the other companies that had competed for the recorded music business was [[Warner Music Group]] which was reported to have made a $2 billion bid.<ref>[http://www.radio-info.com/news/warner-music-group-wants-emi Warner Music Group Wants Part Of EMI] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706175309/http://www.radio-info.com/news/warner-music-group-wants-emi|date=July 6, 2012}} – ''[http://www.radio-info.com/ Radio-Info.com]'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031083714/http://www.radio-info.com/|date=October 31, 2011}} (released October 31, 2011)</ref> Universal Music Group completed their acquisition of [[EMI]] on September 28, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sisario|first=Ben|date=September 28, 2012|title=Universal Closes on EMI Deal, Becoming, by Far, Biggest of Remaining Big Three|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/28/universal-closes-on-emi-deal-becoming-by-far-biggest-of-remaining-big-three/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707143350/https://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/28/universal-closes-on-emi-deal-becoming-by-far-biggest-of-remaining-big-three/|archive-date=July 7, 2017|access-date=December 30, 2016|website=Mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com}}</ref> In 2012, Ishizaka became CEO of [[EMI Music Japan]] while Universal Japan was scheduled to hold a corporate swap in response of the merger.<ref>{{Cite web|title=役員人事のお知らせ|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2012-12-26/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Universal Music Japan|language=ja}}</ref> EMI Music Japan officially was absorbed into Universal Japan, became defunct as a company with [[EMI Records Japan]] as a successor to the EMI Music Japan label. Nine months after the merger, Ishizaka stepped down from his position of CEO from Universal Japan, and became a non-executive chairman. His successor, Naoshi Fujikura was appointed in 2014.<ref name=":0" /> In April 2014, Universal Japan was once again restructured. Many of its labels were rebranded and split multiple times, including EMI Records Japan which de-merged into two sublabels [[EMI Records]] and [[Virgin Records]] of which the latter rebranded as EMI R and then merged with [[Delicious Deli Records]] to form [[Virgin Music]].<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ja:新レーベル「Virgin Music」設立について|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2014-04-14/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Universal Music Japan|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ユニバーサル、4/15付組織変更および人事異動を発表 {{!}} Musicman |trans-title=Universal Announces Executive Appointments, Organizational Changes, and Personnel Changes on April 15 |url=https://www.musicman.co.jp/business/14154 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Musicman |date=April 14, 2014 |language=ja}}</ref>

=== 2015–present: New business model, push for streaming and worldwide distribution ===
In December 2015, Fujikura announced that Universal Japan "is a new business" and that the company would adopt a new business model to strengthen business.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=ニュービジネス関連部門組織改編について|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2015-12-11/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Universal Music Japan|language=ja}}</ref> These changes were effective as of January 1, 2016.<ref name=":1" /> A new label, Universal-W was established in December 2015 with Japanese company Warlock.<ref>{{Cite web|title=『UNIVERSAL-W』誕生！|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2015-12-21/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Universal Music Japan|language=ja}}</ref>

In August 2016, [[Radwimps]] released the [[Your Name (album)|soundtrack]] for the 2016 Japanese animated film ''[[Your Name]]''. The album was a commercial success in Japan and in a rare feat, charted in the United States in 2017.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Heatseekers Albums Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/heatseekers-albums/2017-04-29|access-date=2021-09-26|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> In December of the same year, Universal Japan acquired {{interlanguage link|Office Augusta|ja|オフィスオーガスタ}}, a music management agency (founded in 1992), and made it a fully-owned subsidiary; as a result, the latter's "Augusta Records" label became an affiliated label of Universal Japan.<ref name="Augusta" />

In 2017, the company announced it would relocate from Minato, Tokyo to the Jingumae Tower Building in Shibuya, Tokyo. The relocation took place from September 15, 2018, to October 9.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notice Regarding Head Office Relocation|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2017-10-24/|website=Universal Music Japan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=本社移転予定に関するお知らせ|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2018-07-24/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Universal Music Japan|language=ja}}</ref> In December 2017, Universal Japan announced they suspended the contract of [[Hilcrhyme]] member DJ Katsu following his arrest of possession of marijuana. He subsequently left the group following his arrest and the group lost their recording contract.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aysohmay |title=Hilcrhyme's KATSU Arrested For Marijuana Possession + Group Dropped From Label |url=https://www.jpopasia.com/feed/22539/hilcrhymes-katsu-arrested-for-marijuana-possession-group-dropped-from-label/ |access-date=July 16, 2022 |website=JpopAsia |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2018, Universal Japan announced an exclusive license agreement with [[Disney Music Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ウォルト・ディズニー・レコーズの日本国内における独占ライセンス契約を締結|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000001323.000000664.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716061858/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000001323.000000664.html|archive-date=July 16, 2019|access-date=May 15, 2019|website=プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1｜PR TIMES|date=June 25, 2018 }}</ref>

In 2019, Universal Japan suspended the sales of [[Junnosuke Taguchi]]'s discography and removed his releases from digital stores following his arrest of possession of marijuana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=田口淳之介＆小嶺麗奈容疑者、湾岸署に移送顔上げ前を見据える|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2136012/full/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref>

In 2020, Universal Japan updated their corporate logo to match the same logo used by the main Universal Music Group company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=コーポレートロゴマークの変更について |url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2019-12-26/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=Universal Music Japan |language=ja}}</ref> In that same year, Universal launched the Virgin Music Label and Artist Services.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Universal Music Group Launches Virgin Music Label And Artist Services|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/universal-music-group-launches-virgin-music-label-and-artist-services-301231074.html|access-date=2021-09-26|publisher=Universal Music Group|via=www.prnewswire.com|language=en}}</ref> The service was launched in many Universal subsidiaries, including Universal Japan.

In 2021, Yoshimoto Music signed a distribution deal with Universal Japan for future releases. In July 2021, CEO and president Fujikura was listed on ''Billboard's'' International Power Players list.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Universal Music Japan President/CEO Naoshi Fujikura Talks Streaming, Learning From K-Pop & More |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/9630517/universal-music-japan-president-ceo-naoshi-fujikura-interview |access-date=2021-09-26 |magazine=Billboard |language=en}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Billboard Japan]]'', Fujikura shared about his measures on increasing streaming revenue and strategies to have Universal Japan artists chart overseas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine |last= |first= |title=Revealed: Billboard's 2021 International Power Players |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/9561885/billboard-international-power-players-list-2021/ |access-date=2021-09-26 |magazine=Billboard |language=en}}</ref> Universal Japan has since released previous releases of former and current artists under their labels worldwide digitally, including [[Hikaru Utada]], [[Crystal Kay]], Radwimps, [[Mrs. Green Apple]], [[Che'Nelle]] and [[Ai (singer)|Ai]].

In 2022, Fujikura was listed on ''Billboard's'' International Power Players list for a second year in a row. Fujikura became the first Japanese executive to appear on the list three times, including his first recognition in 2019.<ref name=":3">{{Cite magazine |last=Tatsumi |first=Ryuji |date=2022-08-09 |title=Universal Music Japan's Naoshi Fujikura Talks BTS' Big Year in Japan, Post-Pandemic Strategies & More: Interview |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/naoshi-fujikura-umj-interview-bts-1235124465/ |access-date=2022-08-23 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> In an interview, Fujikura discussed plans for creating new marketplaces in Japan and developing them overseas, particularly in the United States.<ref name=":3" /> In September 2022, [[Travis Japan]] signed a record deal with [[Capitol Records]], with distribution and marketing being handled by Universal Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Travis Japan全世界メジャーデビュー決定、米国Capitol Recordsと契約（動画あり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/495525 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja}}</ref> In October 2022, following the success of ''[[Uta's Songs: One Piece Film Red]]'', [[Ado (singer)|Ado]] signed a record deal with [[Geffen Records]] alongside her current record deal with Virgin Music.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luster |first=Joseph |title=Ado Signs with Geffen Records to Release Music in the United States [UPDATED] |url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2022/10/24/ado-signs-with-geffen-records-to-release-music-in-the-united-states |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Crunchyroll |language=en-us}}</ref>

In December 2022, Universal Japan announced an organization change, effective on January 1, 2023. Universal J, which was founded in 2002, was split into two labels, UJ and [[Polydor Records]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=ユニバーサルミュージック、1/1付の役員人事および組織変更と人事異動を発表 {{!}} Musicman |trans-title=Universal Music Announces Executive Appointments, Organizational Changes, and Personnel Changes on 1/1 |url=https://www.musicman.co.jp/business/524946 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Musicman |date=December 26, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> Imprints from Universal J including [[King & Prince|Johnny's Universe]] and Top J Records were transferred to UJ.<ref name=":4" /> The company also announced Augusta Records would become an imprint of Universal Sigma.<ref name=":4" />

In April 2023, Fujikura was listed on the ''Billboard'' International Power Players list for a third year in a row.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=April 25, 2023 |title=Billboard's 2023 International Power Players Revealed |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/billboard-international-power-players-2023-list/ |access-date=May 4, 2023}}</ref> In July 2023, Universal Japan announced a new imprint label under EMI, Holo-n, in partnership with Japanese virtual YouTuber agency [[Hololive Production]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-08 |title=ユニバーサルミュージックとホロライブプロダクションが共同レーベル「holo-n」設立 |trans-title=Universal Music and Hololive Production Establish Joint Label "Holo-n" |url=https://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000236760 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=BARKS |language=ja}}</ref>

In January 2024, Universal Japan announced personnel changes for Virgin Music and Office Augusta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=ユニバーサルミュージック、1/1付人事異動の追加分を発表 |trans-title=Universal Music Japan announces additional personnel changes effective January 1st |url=https://www.musicman.co.jp/business/592826 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Musicman |language=ja}}</ref> In May, Fujikura was listed on the ''Billboard'' International Power Players list for a fourth consecutive year. Including his initial listing in 2019, Fujikura became the first Japanese CEO to appear on the Power Players list five times total.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=ユニバーサルミュージック藤倉尚氏、米ビルボード誌・2024 International Power Playersに4年連続5度目の選出 |trans-title=Universal Music Japan's Naoshi Fujikura named to Billboard's 2024 International Power Players for the fifth time in four years |url=https://www.musicman.co.jp/business/613138 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Musicman |language=ja}}</ref>

In February 2025, Universal Japan acquired [[A-Sketch]] from [[Amuse Inc.]] for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/press-releases/2025-02-14/|title=株式会社A-Sketch株式取得のお知らせ|trans-title=Notice regarding the acquisition of A-Sketch Inc.'s shares (Press Release)|date=February 14, 2025|accessdate=February 25, 2025|website=Universal Music Japan|lang=ja}}</ref>

== Labels ==
{{Further|List of Universal Music Group labels}}

=== Current labels ===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Polydor Records]]
** Perfume Records{{efn|[[vanity label|Private label]] for [[Perfume (Japanese band)|Perfume]].}}
** Asse!! Records{{efn|Private label for [[HY (band)|HY]].}}
** Utahime Records{{efn|Private label for [[Akina Nakamori]]; formerly under Universal Sigma until 2023.}}
* UJ{{efn|[[Joint venture]] label in partnership with [[Starto Entertainment]].}}
** Over the Top{{efn|Formerly ''Top J Records''.}}
** TJ Project
** Project K&P{{efn|Formerly ''Johnny's Universe''.}}
* Universal Sigma
** Hehn Records{{efn|Private label for [[Fujii Kaze]].}}
** DCT Records{{efn|Private label for [[Dreams Come True (band)|Dreams Come True]].}}
** Yoshimoto Universal Tunes{{efn|Joint venture label in partnership with [[Yoshimoto Kogyo]].}}
** U Cube{{efn|Joint venture label in partnership with [[Cube Entertainment]].}}
* Lighthouse Music
* [[Universal D]]
* [[EMI Records]]
** Holo-n{{efn|Joint venture label in partnership with [[Hololive Production]].}}
** [[Eastworld]]{{efn|Formerly a label division of [[EMI Music Japan]], which merged with Universal Music Japan in 2012.}}
** Go Good Records{{efn|Private label for [[Jin Akanishi]].}}
** [[Mercury Records|Mercury Tokyo]]
* Universal Gear
* [[Virgin Records|Virgin Music]]
** [[Def Jam Recordings]]{{efn|Formerly ''Def Jam Japan''.}}
** Kinashi Records{{efn|Private label for [[Noritake Kinashi]].}}
** [[Republic Records]]
* USM Japan
** [[Universal Music Group|Universal International]]
** UM & Brands
* Augusta Records{{efn|A label division of Office Augusta, which became a Universal Music Japan company in 2016.}}
** AU(G)TUNES{{efn|Formerly ''Atsuga Records''.}}
** Augment Records{{efn|Joint venture label in partnership with [[Avex Inc.]]}}
** Newborder Recordings
* [[Universal Classics and Jazz]]
* Be-U{{efn|Joint venture label in partnership with Be My Self Group (BMSG).}}
* [[A-Sketch]]{{efn|Joint venture label in partnership with [[KDDI]]; became a Universal Music Japan company in 2025.}}
** Astro Voice
** DMM Music{{efn|Joint venture label in partnership with [[DMM.com]].}}{{div col end}}

=== Former labels ===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Delicious Deli Records]]
* [[EMI Records Japan]]
* [[Island Records]]
* EMI R
* Nayutawave Records
* [[Virgin Records]]
* Universal Victor
* [[Phonogram Inc.|Nippon Phonogram]]
* Mercury Music Entertainment
* [[Kitty Records]]
* Zero-A
* Far Eastern Tribe Records
* Universal-W
* Universal J
* Zen Music
* [[A&M Records]]
* Universal Music IST{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Music|Japan}}
* [[List of record labels]]
* [[EMI Music Japan]]
* [[:Category:Universal Music Japan artists]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline|Universal Music Group}}

* {{Official website|www.universal-music.co.jp}}
* [https://www.universal-music.co.jp/history/ Universal Music Japan History page]

{{Universal Music Group}}
{{Music of Japan}}
{{IFPI members in Japan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|35|40|14.8692|N|139|42|24.33894|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Universal Music Japan| ]]
[[Category:Universal Music Group]]
[[Category:Record label distributors]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Japan]]

Disney Music Group

2025-05-27T12:00:40Z

61.21.156.214: /* Buena Vista Records */

{{Short description|Music production arm of Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Disney Music Group
| logo = Disney Music Group.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1998|3}} (as Buena Vista Music Group)
| hq_location = [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]]
| hq_location_city = [[Burbank, California]]
| hq_location_country = U.S.
| key_people = Ken Bunt ([[President (corporate title)|president]])
| products = [[Album]]s, [[Sound recording and reproduction|records]], [[music videos]]
| services = [[Music recording]], [[music publishing]]
| owner =
| parent = [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]]
| divisions = {{ubl|[[Disney Music Publishing]]|[[#Buena Vista Records|Buena Vista Records]]|[[#RMI Recordings|RMI Recordings]]}}
| subsid = {{ubl|[[Walt Disney Records]]|[[Hollywood Records]]|[[#Disney Concerts|Disney Concerts, Inc.]]}}
| website = {{URL|https://disneymusic.disney.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Disney Music Group''' ('''DMG''') is the [[Music industry|music recording and publishing]] arm of [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]], a division of [[Disney Entertainment]], which is owned by [[The Walt Disney Company]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Goldberg |first1=Lesley |last2=McClintock |first2=Pamela |date=February 9, 2023 |title=Disney Reorg: Dana Walden, Alan Bergman Gain Streaming, International; Rebecca Campbell to Exit |work=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/disney-reorganization-streaming-film-tv-dana-walden-alan-bergman-1235321497/ |access-date=February 9, 2023}}</ref> It is located at the studio's headquarters in [[Burbank, California]]. The division's subsidiaries consist of two owned [[record label]]s—[[Walt Disney Records]] and [[Hollywood Records]]—along with [[Disney Music Publishing]], the [[Music publisher (popular music)|publishing entity]] that administers the company's music, as well as Disney Concerts. Disney Music's [[Vevo]] account on [[YouTube]] is currently [[List of most-viewed YouTube channels|one of the most-viewed YouTube channels]] as of June 2023.

== Background ==
From the founding of [[The Walt Disney Company]] in 1923, music has been key to the success of the organization. Both public-domain and original music were used for the initial cartoons, but, since neither [[Walt Disney]] nor [[Roy O. Disney]] had any [[music industry]] experience, the studio had to rely on outside music publishers.<ref name="p6" group="MTk">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGdpWCTdb-IC&q=Disneyland+Record+company&pg=PA6|title=Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records|last=Ehrbar|first=Greg|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|year=2006|isbn=1617034339|edition=First|location=Jackson, MS|page=6|access-date=March 11, 2015}}</ref> In 1928, Walt Disney released the first [[Mickey Mouse]] motion picture, ''[[Steamboat Willie]],'' which became the first animated short-subject film with sound. Two other unreleased Mickey Mouse shorts had been previously produced and were subsequently given soundtracks prior to their eventual premieres.<ref group="ChWDC">{{cite book|last1=Merritt|first1=Russell|last2=Kaufman|first2=J.B.|title=Walt in Wonderland - The Silent Films of Walt Disney|date=1993|page=159|url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/disn1928.htm|access-date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> In 1929, Walt Disney and [[Carl Stalling]] wrote "Minnie's Yoo-Hoo", the first song from the Walt Disney Studios, for ''Mickey's Follies''.<ref group="ChWDC">{{cite book|last=Beard|first=Richard|title=Walt Disney's EPCOT - Creating the New World or Tomorrow|date=1982|page=16|url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/disn1929.htm}}
* {{cite book|last=Maltin |first=Leonard|title=Of Mice and Magic|url=https://archive.org/details/ofmicemagic00leon |url-access=registration |date=1980|publisher=McGraw Hill Higher Education; 1ST edition|isbn=9780070398351}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith |first=Dave|title=Disney A to Z - The Official Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/disneytozofficia00smit |url-access=registration |date=1996|page=[https://archive.org/details/disneytozofficia00smit/page/326 326]|isbn=9780786881499}}</ref> On December 16, 1929, the Disney Film Recording Company, Limited was incorporated as a subsidiary of [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles|url=https://archive.org/details/disneyanawaltdis00muns|url-access=registration|last=Munsey|first=Cecil|date=1974|page=[https://archive.org/details/disneyanawaltdis00muns/page/31 31]|publisher=Hawthorn Books |isbn=9780801521386}}</ref>

Saul Bourne at [[Bourne Co. Music Publishers|Irving Berlin Music]] approached the studio after seeing ''[[Three Little Pigs (film)|Three Little Pigs]]'' with interest in the publishing rights for its theme song, "[[Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?]]". With Disney partnering with Bourne and Berlin, this partnership led to the song being recorded twice by the [[Don Bestor]] Orchestra (released by [[Victor Talking Machine Company|Victor Records]]) and Bill Scotti Orchestra (released by [[Bluebird Records]]). The song was a hit and a [[Great Depression|Depression era]] [[anthem]].<ref name="p6" group=MTk/>

Walt Disney Productions then began licensing out its music with the record company either selecting its own or Disney's talent to record the music. Until 1936, no one had issued an actual song track recording on disc. [[RCA]]'s [[RCA Victor|Victor]] label released a selection of Disney short film music in England with the US release a year later.<ref name="p6" group=MTk/> The [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'']] soundtrack album released by Victor was the first feature film soundtrack. Disney had sold its rights to the ''Snow White'' music to [[Bourne Co. Music Publishers|Bourne Co. Music]] as they needed more funds to complete the film.<ref name="p7" group="MTk">{{cite book|title=Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records|last=Ehrbar|first=Greg|page=7}}</ref>

In 1938, [[Fantasound]]—the first [[Surround sound]] system—was designed and tested by Walt Disney Productions for the release of ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]].''<ref group="ChWDC">{{cite book|title=Walt Disney's Fantasia|url=https://archive.org/details/waltdisneysfanta00culh|url-access=registration|last=Culhane|first=John|date=1983|page=[https://archive.org/details/waltdisneysfanta00culh/page/38 38]|publisher=H.N. Abrams |isbn=9780810908222}}</ref> In 1943, [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] nominated Walt Disney Productions for two [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] categories in recognition of ''[[Bambi]]''; [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Music, Best Song]] for its song, "Love is a Song".<ref group="ChWDC">{{cite book|last=Shale|first=Richard|title=The Academy Awards Index|date=1993|page=404}}</ref>

In addition to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'', Disney also sold the music publishing rights to [[Pinocchio (1940 film)|''Pinocchio'']] and ''[[Dumbo]]'' to Bourne. To date, all attempts to reacquire the music rights to the three films had failed. After ''Bambi'', the effects of [[World War II]] reduced the production of new feature length animation, with Disney either making feature length live films with some animation or themed short film into [[anthology film]]s like ''[[Make Mine Music]]''. The latter films contain the bulk of the more commercial music which was done by recording stars thus released by their record company.<ref name="p7" group=MTk/>

In April 1947, the Walt Disney Music Company (WDMC) was incorporated, with Fred Raphael putting the company together in late 1949 to publish and license songs from ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov |title = California Secretary of State - Business Search|page = (Search for Walt Disney Music Company)|no-pp = y}}</ref><ref name="p8" group="MTk">{{cite book|title=Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records|last=Ehrbar|first=Greg|page=8}}</ref> ''Cinderella'' records appeared in stores along with other merchandise in 1949 before the 1950 release of the movie. The original RCA 78 RPM multi-disc-album release was number 1 on the ''Billboard'' magazine pop charts and as a result, Disney Music was moving rapidly into the Big Business category. While WDMC did not produce the records, Raphael did handle the selection, performance and recording.<ref name="p8" group=MTk/>

James Alexander "Jimmy" Johnson, Jr., a fired Disney publicity staff member who wanted to stay at Disney, moved through a series of jobs there in the traffic department, and then accounting. After a stint in the military, he became assistant to the [[Company secretary|corporate secretary]], then handled merchandising issues among other additional duties. With Roy Disney's split of the merchandising division from Walt Disney Productions, Johnson became head of the merchandising division's publication department in 1950 and took on managing business affairs for the Walt Disney Music Company.<ref name="p8" group=MTk/>

Raphael took the WDMC into creating original non-film music. WDMC had several successful songs outside of the films, including ''[[Mule Train]]'' by [[Frankie Laine]], "[[Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)]]" by [[Patti Page]] and "[[Shrimp Boats]]" by [[Jo Stafford]],<ref name="p8" group=MTk/> however for every non-film hit there were a [[20 (number)|score]] more that flopped.<ref name="p9" group=MTk>{{cite book|last=Ehrbar|first=Greg|title=Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records|page=9}}</ref> While ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' was a first run failure, its songs became evergreen for the music company with multiple stars performing the music. Raphael moved his office off lot to Hollywood and opened a WDMC in New York.<ref name="p9" group=MTk/>

Walt Disney Productions formed the Wonderland Music Company in 1951.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov |title = California Secretary of State - Business Search|page = (Search for Wonderland Music Company)|no-pp = y}}</ref>

Disney's next push into music came from ''[[The Mickey Mouse Club]]'' as eight 6-inch 78 RPM records for the show hit shelves the week it premiered on television. Normal 7-inch 45 RPM versions were cut and released later, both through manufacturing partners of the Walt Disney Music Company. After a year, [[Golden Records]] and [[ABC Records|Am-Par Records]] turned over production of the show's music back to Disney, leading to the creation of the [[Walt Disney Records|Disneyland Records]] label in 1956.<ref name="p13" group="MTk">{{cite book|title=Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records|last=Ehrbar|first=Greg|pages=13, 20}}</ref>

== History ==
The Walt Disney Company traces the Disney Music Group back to the founding of Disneyland Records on February 4, 1956.<ref>{{cite web|title=Studio Entertainment|url=https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/disney-companies/studio-entertainment|website=Our Businesses|publisher=The Walt Disney Company|access-date=9 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312002144/http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/disney-companies/studio-entertainment|archive-date=March 12, 2015}}</ref> In that year, the Walt Disney Music Company's [[Walt Disney Records|Disneyland Records]] record company was founded on the strength of [[Fess Parker]]'s 1954 hit recording of the "[[Ballad of Davy Crockett]]" using the Disneyland label, which was licensed to [[Columbia Records]].<ref name=bbd>{{cite magazine|last=Johnson|first=Jimmy|title=The Disneyland Records Story|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34-IA2|access-date=March 9, 2015|magazine=Billboard|date=March 27, 1971|page=D-2}}</ref> The Disneyland label issued its first album, ''A Child's Garden of Verses''.<ref group="ChWDC">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Dave|title=Disney A to Z - The Updated Official Encyclopedia|year=1998|page=593|url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/disn1956.htm}}</ref> Also, Disneyland Records issued Parker's "Wringle Wrangle" single from the "[[Westward Ho the Wagons!]]" film within a year of starting operations; the single became a hit.

In 1959, Walt Disney Productions founded Buena Vista Records as a Disney-endorsed sub-brand without the "Disney" name; the inaugural release from the label was "Annette", the self-titled album featuring vocalist Annette Funicello.<ref name=bbd/>

In November 1989, The Walt Disney Company founded Hollywood Records after acquiring the valuable Queen catalog.

The [[Lyric Street Records]] label was founded in July 1997 as a division of [[Hollywood Records]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/nashville/stories/2007/10/15/daily21.html?jst=s_cn_hl |title=Lyric Street Records chief to lead CMA board |access-date=2008-05-31 |date=2007-10-18 |work=Nashville Business Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Price|first=Deborah Evans|title=Lyric Street Looking to the Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33|access-date=March 9, 2015|work=Billboard Magazine|issue=49|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|date=December 6, 1997|volume=109|pages=30, 33}}</ref> In August 1997 [[Mammoth Records]] was purchased for $25 million to act as an independent music label within Disney.<ref name=bbd0/>

=== Buena Vista Music Group ===
The industry recognized founding of the group was in March 1998 with the reorganization in Disney that brought all Disney music labels into one unit, Buena Vista Music Group, in the Walt Disney Studios. The group consisted of Hollywood Records, '''Buena Vista Records''', Lyric Street Records and Mammoth Records with [[Walt Disney Records]] and [[Disney Music Publishing]] transferred out of [[Disney Consumer Products]].<ref name="bbd0">{{cite magazine|last1=Newman|first1=Melinda|last2=Flippo|first2=Chet|date=December 4, 1999|title=Disney's Bet on Buena Vista is Paying Off: Other Divisions Revamped|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hggEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA139|magazine=Billboard|volume=111|issue=49|pages=3, 139|access-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref>

In September 2005, BVMG signed with [[EMI]] for distribution of its albums in the UK, Europe, South Africa and the Middle East replacing [[Warner Music Group]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Disney, EMI sign music agreement|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/stories/2005/09/05/daily4.html|access-date=3 December 2012|newspaper=L.A. Biz|date=September 6, 2005}}</ref> In November 2006, [[Disney Music Publishing]] and Warner/Chappell Music Inc. agreed to a licensing agreement for Europe and South America major markets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Warner/Chappell Music, Disney Music extend sub-publishing agreement|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/stories/2006/11/27/daily5.html|access-date=3 December 2012|newspaper=L.A. Biz|date=November 27, 2006}}</ref> In 2006, BVMG launched a concert production arm, Buena Vista Concerts starting with The [[The Cheetah Girls (band)|Cheetah Girls]]: [[The Cheetah Girls tours#The Party's Just Begun Tour|The Party's Just Begun Tour]] and [[High School Musical]]: The Concert.<ref>{{cite web|title=Buena Vista Concerts and AEG Live Announce Launch of the Disney Music Block Party Tour, A Dynamic Concert Festival Experience|url=https://www.namm.org/news/press-releases/buena-vista-concerts-and-aeg-live-announce-launch-|work=Press Releases|publisher=NAMM|access-date=3 December 2012}}</ref>

=== Disney Music Group ===
In April 2007, Disney decided to semi-retire the [[Buena Vista (brand)|Buena Vista]] brand from the group's name.<ref name=bbg>{{cite news|last=Fixmer|first=Fixmer|title=Disney to Drop Buena Vista Brand Name, People Say (Update1)|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a0MG17nO.PG8&refer=home|access-date=28 November 2012|newspaper=bloomberg.com|date=April 25, 2007}}</ref> In November 2008, Disney Music Group formed the Disney Pearl label in conjunction with a multi-part deal with [[Yanni]].<ref name="bbd2">{{cite magazine |last1=Cohen |first1=Jonathan |title=Yanni Brings 'Voices' To Disney |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1043496/yanni-brings-voices-to-disney |access-date=September 29, 2019 |magazine=Billboard |date=November 14, 2008}}</ref>

Lyric Street launched a subsidiary label, Carolwood Records, in October 2008<ref>{{cite news|title=Biz Bits: Disney casts wider net with new sister record label to Lyric Street|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/nashville/stories/2008/10/20/tidbits1.html?page=all|access-date=4 December 2012|newspaper=Nashville Business Journal|date=October 19, 2008}}</ref> which was soon shuttered in November 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Disney Closes Carolwood Records|url=https://www.cmt.com/news/1625449/disney-closes-carolwood-records|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130859/http://www.cmt.com/news/1625449/disney-closes-carolwood-records/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2015|access-date=March 12, 2015|work=CMT|publisher=Viacom International Inc.|date=November 3, 2009}}</ref> On April 14, 2010, Disney Music Group announced the closure of the Lyric Street label with some bands transferred to other branches of Disney Music Group and others dropped altogether.<ref name=cmt>{{cite news|title=Covington, Fowler, Dickerson Follow Rascal Flatts to Disney Music Group|url=https://www.cmt.com/news/news-in-brief/1637143/covington-fowler-dickerson-follow-rascal-flatts-to-disney-music-group.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514093818/http://www.cmt.com/news/news-in-brief/1637143/covington-fowler-dickerson-follow-rascal-flatts-to-disney-music-group.jhtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 14, 2010|access-date=3 December 2012|newspaper=[[CMT (American TV channel)|CMT]]|date=April 15, 2010}}</ref>

On January 31, 2012, DMG chair Bob Cavallo retired with Ken Bunt succeeding him as head of DMG with a promotion to executive vice president from his post as senior vice president of marketing.<ref>{{cite news |last=Finke |first=Nikki |title=Ken Bunt Will Run Disney Music Group In 2012 When Bob Cavallo Retires |url=https://deadline.com/2011/06/ken-bunt-will-run-disney-music-group-in-2012-when-bob-cavallo-retires-136636/ |access-date=October 22, 2018 |work=Deadline |date=June 1, 2011}}</ref> Bunt became president on March 27, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |last=Graser |first=Marc |title=Ken Bunt Promoted to President of Disney Music Group |url=https://variety.com/2013/music/news/ken-bunt-promoted-to-president-of-disney-music-group-1200329694/ |access-date=30 March 2013 |work=Variety |date=27 March 2013}}</ref> A unified licensing department was formed with in Disney Music Group by December 2012 under vice president of licensing Dominic Griffin.<ref>{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Chris |title=Disney Music Group simplifies licensing |url=https://variety.com/2012/music/news/disney-music-group-simplifies-licensing-1118063470/ |access-date=December 7, 2018 |work=Variety |date=December 11, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Lucy Hale]] signed with Hollywood Records' Lyric Street sublabel in June 2012 indicated a return to country music<ref name=z2i>{{cite news|last=Bentley|first=Jean|title='Pretty Little Liars' star Lucy Hale lands record deal with Hollywood Records|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/2012/06/pretty-little-liars-star-lucy-hale-lands-record-deal-with-hollywood-records/|access-date=December 23, 2015|work=Zap2it|publisher=Tribune Broadcasting|date=June 12, 2012}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name=dmg>{{cite press release |date=June 12, 2012 |title=Hollywood Records Signs "Pretty Little Liars" Star Lucy Hale |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hollywood-records-signs-pretty-little-liars-star-lucy-hale-158623225.html |location=BURBANK, Calif. |publisher=Disney Music Group |agency=PRNewswire |access-date=December 23, 2015}}</ref> changed to DMG Nashville with her single release "You Sound Good To Me" in the 2nd quarter of 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last= Skates |first=Sarah|title=Bigger Picture Group Closes|url=https://musicrow.com/2014/05/bigger-picture-group-closes/|access-date=December 23, 2015|work=Music Row|date=May 8, 2014}}</ref>

In February 2016, Disney Music Group, in collaboration with Philips Lighting, launched LightVibes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barco Home Theater for Superyachts Redefines the Immersive Cinema|url=https://www.cepro.com/news/barco_home_theater_for_superyachts_redefines_immersive/ |website=Cepro.com|date=15 November 2016 |access-date=16 November 2016}}</ref> In January 2017, DMG acquired the distribution rights to the entire ''[[Star Wars]]'' [[Music of Star Wars|music catalog]] from [[Sony Classical]]; the soundtrack albums were then released by [[Walt Disney Records]] in digital formats the same day.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dove Cameron, Sofia Carson, Jordan Fisher, Auli'i Cravalho, and Oscar®-Winning Composer Michael Giacchino to Meet Fans at the Disney Music Emporium During D23 Expo 2017, July 14–16|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170523006055/en/Dove-Cameron-Sofia-Carson-Jordan-Fisher-Auli%E2%80%99i|access-date=May 25, 2017|work=PR Newswire|date=May 23, 2017|location=Burbank, California|format=Press release}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/star-wars-a-new-hope-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-3-lp-vinyl-album-boxed-set-of-composer-john-williams-oscar-winning-score-to-be-released-on-december-1-300550649.html|title=Star Wars: A New Hope (original Motion Picture Soundtrack) 3-LP Vinyl Album Boxed Set Of Composer John Williams' Oscar®-Winning Score To Be Released On December 1|date=November 7, 2017|work=PR Newswire|access-date=November 7, 2017|format=Press release}}</ref> Disney [[Remaster|digitally remastered]] and [[reissue]]d the original ''Star Wars'' soundtrack albums in physical formats on May 4, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/disney-music-group-set-to-release-first-6-remastered-star-wars-original-motion-picture-soundtracks-on-may-4-300617275.html|title=Disney Music Group Set To Release First 6 Remastered Star Wars Original Motion Picture Soundtracks On May 4|date=March 21, 2018|access-date=March 21, 2018|publisher=Walt Disney Records|agency=PR Newswire|location=Burbank, California}}</ref>

In early April 2017, DMG and [[Universal Music Group Nashville]] relaunched Buena Vista Records as a joint venture label for country music and worldwide country music genre projects with the label's first signed act of CB30 duo of brothers, Christian and Brody.<ref name="mrow">{{cite news |last=Nicholson |first=Jessica |title=UMG Nashville, Disney Music Group Form New Label Buena Vista Records |url=https://musicrow.com/2017/04/umg-nashville-disney-music-group-form-new-label-buena-vista-records/ |access-date=October 22, 2018 |work=MusicRow |date=April 6, 2017}}</ref> The company and [[DigiTour Media]] formed in June 2017, RMI Recordings, a new label for "digital-first" talent.<ref name="bbd1">{{cite magazine |last=Gensler |first=Andy |title=Disney Music and DigiTour Media Co-Founders Launch RMI Recordings Label: Exclusive |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7834143/disney-music-and-digitour-media-co-founders-launch-rmi-recordings-label |access-date=October 22, 2018 |magazine=Billboard |date=June 20, 2017}}</ref>

During [[American Idol]]'s Disney Night on April 29, 2018, [[DCappella]], Disney Music Group's new [[a cappella]] singing group, made their debut.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamberson |first=Carolyn |title=Former Spokane actress Morgan Keene appears on 'American Idol' |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/apr/29/former-spokane-actress-morgan-keene-heading-to-ame/ |access-date=October 22, 2018 |work=Spokesman-Review |date=April 29, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> On Friday, August 23, 2019, Disney Music Group debuted their first podcast, ''[[For Scores]]'', a composer interview series, and kicked off at [[D23 (Disney)|D23]].<ref name="Billboard">{{cite magazine |last1=Applefeld Olson |first1=Cathy |title=Disney Music Group Jumps Into Podcasting With 'For Scores' Interview Series |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8527812/disney-music-podcasting-for-scores-composer-interview-series |access-date=August 21, 2019 |magazine=Billboard |date=August 20, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Variety">{{cite news |title=Disney Music Group Launches Composer Podcast Series |url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/disney-music-group-composer-podcast-series-for-score-jon-burlingame-1203307103/ |access-date=August 21, 2019 |work=Variety |date=August 20, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Divisions and labels ==
=== Walt Disney Records ===
{{Main|Walt Disney Records}}
[[Walt Disney Records]], the flagship record label of the group, was founded on February 4, 1956 as '''Disneyland Records''', so that Disney would not have to release through third-party labels not associated with the studio, such as [[RCA Victor]] or [[Capitol Records]], which had issued Disney albums in the past. Under the Disneyland label, among its other recordings, the studio also released new soundtrack LP's of some of the animated Disney films, including, a 3-LP album set in monophonic sound of all of the classical music heard in ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'', perhaps the first soundtrack album containing virtually all the music from a feature-length film. (The "Meet the Soundtrack" intermission segment and the jam session were not included, and [[Deems Taylor]]'s commentary was also omitted.) Disneyland Records released cover versions (rather than soundtracks) of the songs from some of the other animated films, such as ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]''. In 1989, the label was renamed to its current branding and now releases a broad range of Disney-branded music, such as soundtracks to films from [[Walt Disney Pictures]], [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]], [[Pixar]], and [[Lucasfilm]], original studio albums from [[Disney Channel]] artists, and compilations albums by [[Radio Disney]].<ref name="Newman">{{Cite news|last=Newman|first=Melinda|date=May 13, 2021|title=Like the Stars It Launched, Hollywood Records Has Grown Up, Too|work=Billboard Magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/record-labels/9571737/hollywood-records-disney-music-group-analysis/|access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref>

=== Hollywood Records ===
{{Main|Hollywood Records}}
[[Hollywood Records]], primarily focuses on pop, rock, alternative and country genres, as well as film soundtracks from [[Marvel Studios]], [[20th Century Studios]], [[Searchlight Pictures]], and [[Hulu]], as well as [[20th Television]]'s television series, Disney's cable networks,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Amended Annual Franchise Tax Report, Marvel Music, Inc. |url=https://delecorp.delaware.gov/eCorp/LoginAnnualReportsCLF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212162650/https://delecorp.delaware.gov/eCorp/LoginAnnualReportsCLF |archive-date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=October 4, 2011 |publisher=State of Delaware: Department of State: Division of Corporations |df=mdy-all}} Note: Secure site: File number 4034835 must be entered.</ref><ref name="Newman"/> and international series released exclusively on [[Disney+]] through [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] and [[Hulu]] (except anime contents). Originally, the label was primarily a soundtrack label for non-Disney branded releases from [[Touchstone Pictures]] and [[Hollywood Pictures]], with few major artists, like [[Queen (band)|Queen]]. The label now releases music from a roster of major artists such as: [[Breaking Benjamin]], [[Sofia Carson]], [[Olivia Holt]] and [[Shawn Hook]].

==== DMG Nashville ====
'''DMG Nashville''', is the label used by Hollywood Records to specialize in [[country music]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ho|first1=Rodney|date=May 29, 2018|title='American Idol' interview: Caleb Lee Hutchinson wanted girlfriend Maddie Poppe to win|language=en|work=Atlanta Journal-Constitution|url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/radiotvtalk/american-idol-interview-caleb-lee-hutchinson-wanted-girlfriend-maddie-poppe-win/L3JwgPHxQzd40crFG8Tk2L/|access-date=August 22, 2019|quote=... Hollywood Records - which automatically signs Maddie - has an option for a certain period of time to pick up Caleb as well. Hollywood is largely a pop label but it does have a small country affiliate DMG Nashville...}}</ref> Patrick Joseph Music and DMG Nashville signed a co-pub agreement with songwriter [[Melissa Peirce]] in 2012 with an extension in May 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=Skates|first=Sarah|date=May 18, 2015|title=Disney, PJM Re-Sign Songwriter Melissa Peirce|work=Music Row|url=https://musicrow.com/2015/05/disney-pjm-re-sign-songwriter-melissa-peirce/|access-date=December 23, 2015}}</ref> In June 2012, [[Lucy Hale]] was signed to Hollywood Record formerly defunct country sublabel, Lyric Street, for a single and album due in 2013.<ref name="z2i" /><ref name="dmg" /> In June 2013, Patrick Clifford was named Vice President of Music Publishing and A&R for [[Disney Music Publishing]] in Nashville with responsibility for the A&R functions for Disney Music Group in Nashville.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nicholson|first=Jessica|date=June 17, 2013|title=Disney Music Publishing Names Nashville Head|work=Music Row|url=https://musicrow.com/2013/06/disney-music-publishing-names-nashville-head/|access-date=December 23, 2015}}</ref> In November 2013, DMG and Bigger Picture Group signed an agreement for DMG to handle music licensing for Bigger Picture.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nicholson|first=Jessica|date=November 14, 2013|title=Bigger Picture Group Teams With DMG For Music Licensing|work=Music Row|url=https://musicrow.com/2013/11/bigger-picture-group-teams-with-dmg-for-music-licensing/|access-date=December 23, 2015}}</ref> After Bigger Picture's closure in 2014, DMG Nashville released its first studio album, [[Lucy Hale]]'s ''[[Road Between]]'', on June 3.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hudak|first=Joseph|date=May 8, 2014|title=Nashville Record Label Closes Up Shop|publisher=Rolling Stone|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/nashville-record-label-closes-up-shop-20140508|access-date=June 13, 2014}}</ref>

=== Disney Music Publishing ===
{{Main|Disney Music Publishing}}

[[Disney Music Publishing]], controls the [[Intellectual property|publishing rights]] to music from Disney's film, television, theater and theme park divisions. Imprints include [[Walt Disney Music Company]], Wonderland Music Company, Agarita Music, Bantha Music, Buena Vista Music Co., Falferious Music, Five Hundred South Songs, Fuzzy Muppet Songs, Holpic Music, Inc., Hollywood Pictures Music, Mad Muppet Melodies, Marvel Comics Music, Marvel Superheroes Music, Pixar Music, Pixar Talking Pictures, Seven Peaks Music, Seven Summits Music, Touchstone Pictures Music & Songs, Inc., Utapau Music, and Wampa-Tauntaun Music.<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney Music Publishing|url=https://www.mpa.org/music-publisher/3168|website=mpa.org|publisher=Music Publishing Association|access-date=March 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113428/http://www.mpa.org/music-publisher/3168|archive-date=April 2, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Disney Concerts ===
Disney Concerts, formerly '''Buena Vista Concerts''', is themselves involved in the holding, production, distribution and sponsoring of concert events related to Disney. In November 2024, they announced the Worlds Collide Tour, an interactive live concert celebrating music from the ''[[Zombies (franchise)|Zombies]]'' and ''[[Descendants (franchise)|Descendants]]'' franchises. The North American tour begins on July 17, 2025. It will feature performances from [[Kylie Cantrall]], [[Joshua Colley]], [[Malia Baker]] and [[Dara Reneé]] from ''[[Descendants: The Rise of Red]]'', and [[Freya Skye]], [[Malachi Barton]] and Mekonnen Knife from ''[[Zombies 4: Dawn of the Vampires]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aniftos |first1=Rania |title=Disney’s Descendants/Zombies: Worlds Collide Tour Sets Summer 2025 Dates |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/descendants-zombies-tour-dates-summer-2025-1235822967/ |access-date=14 November 2024 |publisher=Billboard |date=8 November 2024}}</ref>

=== Buena Vista Records ===
Buena Vista Records, a label founded in 1959<ref name="bbd" /> largely devoted to authentic [[soundtrack album]]s of mostly live-action Disney film musicals, such as ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'', ''[[The Happiest Millionaire]]'', ''[[Summer Magic (film)|Summer Magic]]'', and ''[[Babes in Toyland (1961 film)|Babes in Toyland]]'', as well as recordings by actors then under contract to Disney, such as [[Annette Funicello]] and [[Hayley Mills]]. Often, at the same time that Buena Vista Records released a genuine soundtrack album of one of the Disney movies, [[Walt Disney Records|Disneyland Records]], another, less expensive Disney label, would release a [[cover version]] of the songs from that film. Buena Vista Records also operates as an imprint of Walt Disney Records and most recently has been employed to serve as a [[pseudonym]] for certain releases by Walt Disney Records such as the more adult-oriented ''[[Almost Alice]]'' and non Disney-branded releases, as well as releasing traditional albums for Walt Disney Records adult artists such as [[Billy Ray Cyrus]] and [[Nathan Pacheco]].

Buena Vista Records was relaunched as a country music label in April 2017, as a [[joint venture]] between DMG and Universal Music Group Nashville. The label's first signed act was the brotherly music duo, [[CB30]], whose track "Marina" has a [[Luke Bryan]] appearance.<ref name="mrow" /> [[UMG]]'s [[Music Corporation of America]] is currently handled the distribution of Buena Vista Records' releases.

=== RMI Recordings ===
RMI Recordings, a new label formed in June 2017 to sign "digital-first" talent. It was formed with the founders of [[DigiTour Media]], which produces live events with social media artists.<ref name="bbd1" /> The first talent signed to the label was Max & Harvey, a pair of UK twins, in April 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Newman |first=Melinda |title=British Teen Sensations Max & Harvey Are First Signing to Disney Music Group Co-Venture, RMI Recordings: Exclusive |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8298746/max-harvey-sign-to-disney-music-group-venture-rmi-recordings |access-date=October 23, 2018 |magazine=Billboard |date=April 9, 2018}}</ref>

=== S-Curve Records ===
In June 2021, [[Steve Greenberg (record producer)|Steve Greenberg]] announced he would be relaunching his record label [[S-Curve Records]] under a new partnership with Disney Music Group. Artists with releases as a part of the partnership include [[Andy Grammer]] and [[Netta Barzilai|Netta]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Trakin |first=Roy |title=After 'Bang'-Up Job With AJR, Industry Vet Steve Greenberg Brings S-Curve Records to Disney Music Group |url=https://variety.com/2021/music/news/ajr-manager-steve-greenberg-s-curve-records-disney-1234986340/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |work=Variety |date=June 2, 2021}}</ref>

=== Former labels ===
'''Disney Pearl''', also as '''Disney Pearl Series''', was an [[Imprint (trade name)|imprint]] of Disney Music Group for adult contemporary and pop music launched in November 2008 with a deal with [[Yanni]] for ''[[Yanni Voices]]'' albums including a Buena Vista Concert extensive tour, two Yanni [[PBS]] specials and deals for the album's four vocal talent, [[Nathan Pacheco]], Chloe, Ender Thomas and Leslie Mills.<ref name="bbd2" /> The label released albums, including from [[Kenny Loggins]] and [[Brian Wilson]], until 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Disney Pearl Series |url=https://www.discogs.com/label/151211-Disney-Pearl-Series?sort=year&sort_order= |access-date=September 29, 2019 |work=Discogs |language=en}}</ref>

'''[[Lyric Street Records]]''', was an American record label specializing in country music. President Randy Goodman, formerly a general manager for RCA Records, founded the label in 1997. Among its first artists were Lari White, John Berry, Aaron Tippin, SHeDAISY and extremely popular Rascal Flatts. '''Carolwood Records''' was a short-lived subsidiary label of Lyric Street launched in October 2008. In April 2010, the label was folded into [[Hollywood Records]].

'''[[Mammoth Records]]''', the formerly independent record label was founded by [[Jay Faires]] in 1989. In 1993 it became part of a joint venture with [[Warner Music Group|WEA]]-owned [[Atlantic Records]] but hit the market again in 1997, when it was bought by the then Buena Vista Music Group, up until which it was based in North Carolina.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sandler|first=Adam|title=Disney inks Mammoth deal|url=https://variety.com/1997/music/news/disney-inks-mammoth-deal-1116676444/|access-date=12 August 2012|newspaper=Variety|date=21 July 1997}}</ref> It had a very successful alternative artist roster including acts such as Antenna, Blake Babies, Chainsaw Kittens, Dash Rip Rock, Dillon Fence, Frente!, Fun-Da-Mental, Fu Manchu, Jason & the Scorchers, Joe Henry, Juliana Hatfield, Kill Creek, Machines of Loving Grace, the Bats, the Melvins, My Friend Steve, Seven Mary Three, Squirrel Nut Zippers, the Sidewinders, Vanilla Trainwreck, and Victoria Williams. In 2003, the label was folded into [[Hollywood Records]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Waller|first=Don|title=Faires exists Mammoth|url=https://variety.com/2000/music/news/faires-exits-mammoth-1117775630/|access-date=12 August 2012|newspaper=Variety|date=January 27, 2000}}</ref>

'''Touchstone Records''' was a record label formed as a joint venture between Buena Vista Records and [[Touchstone Pictures]] in 1986. It was folded into [[Hollywood Records]] in 1998.

== ''For Scores'' podcast ==
On Friday, August 23, 2019, Disney Music Group debuted their first podcast, ''[[For Scores]]'', produced with Treefort Media and longtime Disney Music executive Maria Kleinman and kicked of at [[D23 (Disney)|D23]]. The podcast is a composer interview series with the composer working in film, television and games and hosted by journalist Jon Burlingame. The first set dropped has four episodes interviewing [[Henry Jackman]], [[Pinar Toprak]] and [[Alan Silvestri]]. A second set is slated for October 2019 and a third for early 2020.<ref name="Billboard"/><ref name="Variety"/>

== Distribution ==
Originally, Disney Music Group did not have its own distribution network, either in its native market of the US or internationally. It had a licensing deal with [[Warner Music Group]] from 1995 to 2005, and [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]] in [[Europe]] and [[Australia]]. Furthermore, [[Sony Music|Sony Music Entertainment]] was also a distributor of Hollywood Records' releases in mainland Asia. After the agreement with Warner expired, Disney engaged in distribution negotiations with other third-party companies.

In 2005, Disney relied mainly on [[Universal Music Group]] and [[EMI Music]], given the territory. UMG's [[Universal Music Distribution]] was responsible for distribution in the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[India]] and other territories across [[North America]], [[South America]], [[Asia]]<ref name="unipress">{{cite web|title=UNIVERSAL MUSIC, DISNEY MUSIC FORGE LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND: Forthcoming Releases Include Jonas Brothers and Hannah Montana|url=https://www.universalmusic.com/?NewsId=738|publisher=[[Universal Music Group]]}}</ref> and [[Japan]].<ref name="disneyJP">{{cite web|title=Disney Music|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/disneymusic/|publisher=[[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Japan]] and [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music Japan]]}}</ref> Meanwhile, [[EMI]] conducted distribution in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and several other territories across [[Europe]], [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]. In both agreements, Disney handled its own marketing and other similar functions.

In September 2012, Universal Music Group acquired EMI and initially pledged not to renew EMI's European distribution license with Disney.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1084095/universal-emi-merger-approved-by-canadian-regulators|title=Universal-EMI Merger Approved By Canadian Regulators|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref> However, in March 2013, Disney Music Group renegotiated their agreement with Universal Music Group, in which distribution and marketing rights were expanded on a worldwide basis, as a method of incurring collaboration between Disney's record labels and artists with Universal's production department.<ref>{{cite news|title=Universal Music Group (UMG) & Disney Music Group (DMG) Expand Agreement Globally|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/universal-music-group-umg--disney-music-group-dmg-expand-agreement-globally-199163341.html|access-date=6 May 2013|newspaper=PR Newswire|date=20 March 2013}}</ref> This allows DMG access to Universal's large roster of award-winning music producers and songwriters. In return, UMG now will have access to Disney's extensive marketing entities (including ABC, Radio Disney, Disney Channel, ABC Radio etc.).

Seoul Records, now [[Kakao M]] – [[South Korea]]'s biggest music distributor – formerly handled the Disney music catalog in the 1990s. The catalog was later acquired by [[S.M. Entertainment]]. ([[Universal Music Group|Universal Music Korea]] currently handles the Disney music catalog in South Korea.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maniadb.com/album/146371?o=l&s=1|title=Beauty And The Beast (미녀와 야수) by Alan Menken (ost)|publisher=ManiaDB|access-date=September 16, 2014}} (Turn to CD :: 1992-02-00 :: Disney, 서울음반 (SRCD-2041))</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Disney|Music|Companies}}
* [[Marvel Music]]
* [[Universal Music Group]]
* [[Warner Music Group]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
* {{cite web|last=Polsson|first=Ken|title=Chronology of the Walt Disney Company|url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/index.htm|publisher=KPolsson.com}}
<references group="ChWDC"/>
<references group="MTk"/>

{{Disney}}
{{Walt Disney Studios}}
{{Music industry}}
{{Universal Music Group}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Disney Music Group| ]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1956]]
[[Category:Disney music]]
[[Category:Record labels based in California]]
[[Category:Companies based in Burbank, California]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Studios (division)]]

Capitol Records Nashville

2025-05-27T11:56:46Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|US record label; sublabel of Capitol Records}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox record label
| name = Capitol Records Nashville
| image = [[File:Capitol Nashville Records Logo.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| parent = [[Universal Music Group]]
| founded = {{ubl|Capitol Nashville {{small|(1950)}}|EMI Nashville {{small|(2010)}}}}
| founder = {{hlist|[[Johnny Mercer]]|[[Buddy DeSylva]]}}
| distributor = [[Music Corporation of America]]
| genre = {{hlist|[[Country music|Country]]|[[Comedy music|comedy]]}}
| country = United States
| location = [[Nashville, Tennessee]]
| website = {{URL|capitolrecordsnashville.com}}
}}

'''Capitol Records Nashville''' is a major United States–based record label located in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], operating as part of the [[Music Corporation of America]]. From 1991 to 1995, Capitol Nashville was known as [[Liberty Records]]. While under the Liberty name, the label operated short-lived sister label [[Patriot Records]] from 1994 to 1995. In 1999, EMI launched [[Virgin Records Nashville]] but by 2001, Capitol absorbed the short-lived label. In 2010, the label launched sister label EMI Nashville. On March 23, 2011, [[Alan Jackson]] signed with Capitol's EMI Nashville division in conjunction with his own ACR Records label.

Capitol Nashville was also home to several successful comedy artists.

== Artists on Capitol Nashville ==
* [[Dierks Bentley]]
* [[Luke Bryan]]
* [[Mickey Guyton]]
* [[Caylee Hammack]]
* [[Hot Country Knights]]
* [[Little Big Town]]
* [[Anne Murray]]
* [[Juice Newton]]
* [[Jon Pardi]]
* [[Kenny Rogers]]
* [[Darius Rucker]]
* [[Hootie & the Blowfish]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.umgnashville.com/our-artists/hootie-the-blowfish/website=www.umgnashville.comaccess-date=2019-10-29}}</ref>
* [[Tanya Tucker]]
* [[Carrie Underwood]]
* [[Keith Urban]]

== Artists on EMI Records Nashville ==
* [[Brothers Osborne]]
* [[Eric Church]]
* [[Alan Jackson]]
* [[Jon Langston]]
* Kylie Morgan
* [[Brad Paisley]]

== Former artists ==
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Trace Adkins]]
* [[Susan Ashton]]
* [[Bryan Austin]] {{small|(Patriot)}}
* [[The Bama Band]]
* Kelleigh Bannenr
* Stuart Herring {{small|(EMI Nashville)}}
* [[Joe Barnhill]]
* [[Alan Jackson]] {{small|(EMI Nashville)}}
* [[Stephanie Bentley]]
* [[John Berry (country singer)|John Berry]]
* [[Suzy Bogguss]]
* [[Lisa Brokop]]
* [[Garth Brooks]]
* [[Kix Brooks]]
* [[T. Graham Brown]]
* [[Chris Cagle]]
* [[Glen Campbell]]
* [[Paulette Carlson]]
* [[Rodney Carrington]]
* [[Deana Carter]]
* [[Cee Cee Chapman]] {{small|(Curb/Capitol)}}
* [[Jameson Clark (singer)|Jameson Clark]]
* [[Jessi Colter]]
* [[Billy "Crash" Craddock]]
* [[Kenny Dale]]
* [[Lacy J. Dalton]]
* [[Linda Davis]]
* [[Clay Davidson]]
* [[Billy Dean]]
* [[The Delevantes]]
* [[Amber Dotson]]
* [[George Ducas (singer)|George Ducas]]
* [[Whitney Duncan]]
* [[Emilio Navaira]]
* [[Ty England]]
* [[Skip Ewing]]
* [[Cleve Francis]]
* [[The Goldens]] {{small|(Capitol/SBK)}}
* [[Noah Gordon (singer)|Noah Gordon]] {{small|(Patriot)}}
* [[Ricky Lynn Gregg]]
* Mark Gross
* [[Merle Haggard]]
* [[Adam Hambrick]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.umgnashville.com/our-artists/label/capitol-records-nashville/|website=www.umgnashville.com|access-date=2019-02-10}}</ref>
* [[Jennifer Hanson]]
* [[Joni Harms]]
* [[Walker Hayes]]
* [[Steven Wayne Horton]]
* Joey Hyde
* [[The Jenkins]]
* [[Charles Kelley]]
* [[Jerry Kilgore (singer)|Jerry Kilgore]] {{small|(Virgin Nashville)}}
* Brandon Kinney
* [[Lady A|Lady Antebellum]]
* [[Chris LeDoux]]
* [[Tom Mabe]] {{small|(Virgin Nashville)}}
* [[Barbara Mandrell]]
* [[Mason Dixon (band)|Mason Dixon]]
* [[Delbert McClinton]]
* [[Mindy McCready]]
* [[Jennette McCurdy]]
* [[Mel McDaniel]]
* [[Scott McQuaig]]
* [[Dana McVicker]]
* [[Roy D. Mercer]]
* [[Dean Miller]]
* [[Dude Mowrey]]
* [[Anne Murray]]
* [[Willie Nelson]]
* [[Juice Newton]]
* [[Nitty Gritty Dirt Band]]
* [[Troy Olsen]] {{small|(EMI Nashville)}}
* [[Jamie O'Neal]]
* [[Marie Osmond]] {{small|(Curb/Capitol)}}
* [[Allison Paige]]
* [[Palomino Road]]
* [[Eric Paslay]]
* [[Pearl River (band)|Pearl River]]
* [[Pirates of the Mississippi]]
* [[Eddie Rabbitt]]
* [[The Ranch (band)|The Ranch]]
* [[Eddy Raven]]
* Ashley Ray
* [[Julie Reeves]] {{small|(Virgin Nashville)}}
* [[River Road (band)|River Road]]
* [[Kenny Rogers]]
* [[Roy Rogers]]
* [[Linda Ronstadt]]
* [[Sawyer Brown]] {{small|(Curb/Capitol)}}
* [[Don Schlitz]]
* [[Thom Schuyler]]
* [[Hillary Scott (singer)|Hillary Scott & the Scott Family]]
* [[Shenandoah (band)|Shenandoah]]
* [[Ryan Shupe & The RubberBand]]
* [[Russell Smith (singer)|Russell Smith]]
* [[Jo-El Sonnier]]
* [[Verlon Thompson]]
* [[Cyndi Thomson]]
* [[Trader-Price]]
* [[Tanya Tucker]]
* [[Steve Wariner]]
* [[Emily West]]
* [[Dottie West]]
* [[Ron White]]
* [[Wild Rose (band)|Wild Rose]]
* [[Cheryl Wheeler]]
* [[Lari White]]
* [[Tim Wilson (comedian)|Tim Wilson]]
* [[Jeff Wood (singer)|Jeff Wood]]
* [[Curtis Wright]]
* [[Billy Yates (singer)|Billy Yates]]
* [[Faron Young]]
* [[Dan Seals]]
{{Div col end}}

== See also ==
* [[Capitol Music Group]]
* [[Capitol Records]]
* [[List of Capitol Records artists]]
* [[EMI]]
* [[Virgin Records]]
* [[List of record labels]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.capitolrecordsnashville.com/ Official website]

{{Universal Music Group}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Capitol Records]]
[[Category:Record labels based in Nashville, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1950]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in Tennessee]]
[[Category:American country music record labels]]

Nightwatch (1994 film)

2025-05-22T15:29:04Z

61.21.156.214:

{{about|the 1994 film|the 1997 remake of the same name|Nightwatch (1997 film)}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nightwatch
| image = Nightwatch-1994-poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Danish film poster
| director = [[Ole Bornedal]]
| producer = Michael Obel
| writer = Ole Bornedal
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]] [[Sofie Gråbøl]] [[Kim Bodnia]] [[Lotte Andersen]] [[Ulf Pilgaard]]
| music = {{ill|Joachim Holbek|da||de||no}}
| cinematography = [[Dan Laustsen]]
| editing = [[Camilla Skousen]]
| studio = Thura Film
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|02|25|Denmark}}
| runtime = 104 minutes
| country = Denmark
| language = Danish
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Nightwatch''''' ({{langx|da|'''Nattevagten'''}}) is a 1994 Danish [[Horror film|horror]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller film]] directed and written by Danish [[Film director|director]] [[Ole Bornedal]].<ref name="Schepelern 2010 p. 95">{{cite book |last=Schepelern |first=P. |title=Filmleksikon |publisher=Gyldendal |year=2010 |isbn=978-87-02-04523-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32ruU_YjxlwC&pg=PA95 |language=da |access-date=2 June 2021 |page=95 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602232512/https://books.google.com/books?id=32ruU_YjxlwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film involves Martin ([[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]]) who gets a student job as [[Security guard|night watchman]] at the Forensic Medicine Institute. When making his rounds he finds he must go to where the deceased people are kept. At the same time, a series of murders occur among women in Copenhagen, while mysterious and unexplained things happen in the medical department.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/nightwatch-v134212 |work=[[Allrovi]] | title=Nightwatch |accessdate=January 5, 2012 |author=Tobey, Matthew |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113123423/http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/nightwatch-v134212 |archivedate=January 13, 2012}}</ref>

''Nightwatch'' was a success in Denmark and was shown at the [[Fantafestival]] in 1995. An [[Nightwatch (1997 film)|English-language remake]] of the film was released in 1997, and a sequel in 2023; both were also directed by Bornedal. The original ''Nightwatch'' was included on a list of the top 100 Danish films as chosen by ''[[Kosmorama]]''.

== Plot ==
Law student Martin Bork ([[Nikolaj Coster Waldau]]) gets a student job as a night watchman at the Forensic Medicine Institute, believing it will allow more time to study, with his biggest problem being his paranoia in this scary setting. When making his rounds, he finds he must go to where the deceased people are kept. At the same time, a series of murders occurs among women in Copenhagen, and mysterious and unexplained things start to happen in the medical department. During all of this, Martin ends up being confused with one of the murderers, becoming a prime suspect.

== Production ==
Director [[Ole Bornedal]] began writing the script for ''Nightwatch'' after the release of his [[television film]] ''Masturbator'' (1993).<ref name="Hjort229">Hjort, 2003. p. 229</ref><ref name="Hjort231">Hjort, 2003. p. 231</ref> He was inspired to make the movie after a trip he made to a morgue in [[Copenhagen]].<ref name="cinemareview.com 2015" /> He stated in an interview, "I went to this morgue in a city of one million people, and it was both scary and beautiful. It made me think about how, outside, there is this daily life going on, and suddenly you're standing in a cellar realizing this is where it all ends. It makes you think about life and how you're living it."<ref name="cinemareview.com 2015">{{cite web | title=NIGHTWATCH - Movie Production Notes...CinemaReview.com | website=cinemareview.com | date=5 September 2015 | url=http://www.cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=172 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102216/http://www.cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=172 | archive-date=5 September 2015 | url-status=dead | access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref>

Bornedal also wrote much of the script at night. He states: "I was writing the story at night, in an office all by myself, sometimes until four in the morning. I didn't dare go out to my car because I would have to walk through all of these dark hallways."<ref name="cinemareview.com 2015" /> Principal photography would occur in Denmark in 1993.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

== Cast ==
* [[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]] as Martin Bork
* [[Sofie Gråbøl]] as Kalinka Martens
* [[Kim Bodnia]] as Jens Arnkiel
* {{ill|Lotte Andersen|af|Lotte Merete Andersen|da|Lotte Merete Andersen|de|Lotte Andersen (Schauspielerin)|nl||no}} as Lotte
* [[Ulf Pilgaard]] as Peter Wörmer
* {{ill|Rikke Louise Andersson|af||da||de}} as Joyce
* {{ill|Stig Hoffmeyer|af||da||de}} as Rolf
* [[Gyrd Løfquist]] as The Old Nightwatch
* {{ill|Niels Anders Thorn|da}} as The Doctor

== Release ==
The film was released on 25 February 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfi.dk/viden-om-film/filmdatabasen/film/nattevagten |publisher=The Danish Film Institute |title=Nattevagten |accessdate=January 5, 2012 |language=Danish |archive-date=September 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930013700/http://www.dfi.dk/faktaomfilm/nationalfilmografien/nffilm.aspx?id=9345 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Nightwatch'' was a success in Denmark where it sold 465,529 tickets.<ref name="Hjort235">Hjort, 2003. p. 235</ref> The film was shown at the 1995 [[Fantafestival]] in [[Rome]], Italy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fanta-festival.it/edizione-fantafestival/1995/ |work=[[Fantafestival]] |accessdate=January 5, 2012 |title=15° Fantafestival – 1995 |language=Italian |archive-date=April 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429191948/http://www.fanta-festival.it/edizione-fantafestival/1995/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was selected to be part of the 1994 [[International Critics' Week|Critic's Week]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/news/cannes-critics-week-names-pic-selections-120415/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=January 5, 2012 |date=April 21, 1994 |title=Cannes Critics' Week names pic selections |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624094558/https://variety.com/1994/film/news/cannes-critics-week-names-pic-selections-120415/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A DVD of ''Nightwatch'' was released by [[Anchor Bay Entertainment|Anchor Bay]] on 29 May 2001. The disc contains an audio commentary by Ole Bornedal and a theatrical trailer for the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/release/nightwatch-e14260 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723224153/http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/release/nightwatch-e14260 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |work=Allrovi |title=Nightwatch – DVD |accessdate=January 25, 2012 |author=Buchanan, Jason}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Ole Bornedal felt that ''Nightwatch'' was not "a great work of art, but it did help legitimize the idea that even European film art can make good use of generic stories."<ref name="Hjort234">Hjort, 2003. p. 234</ref> ''Nightwatch'' was included on a list of the top 100 Danish films as chosen by ''[[Kosmorama]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfi.dk/Filmhuset/Filmarkivet/Bevaring/Dansk-spillefilm-Top-100.aspx |publisher=The Danish Film Institute |title=Dansk Spillefilm Top 100 |accessdate=January 5, 2012 |language=Danish |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701034742/http://www.dfi.dk/Filmhuset/Filmarkivet/Bevaring/Dansk-spillefilm-Top-100.aspx |archivedate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> {{ill|Rikke Louise Andersson|af||da||de}} won the award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Joyce in the film at the 1995 [[Bodil Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bodilprisen.dk/1995 |work=Bodil Awards |accessdate=January 25, 2012 |language=Danish |title=1995 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308221540/http://www.bodilprisen.dk/1995 |archivedate=March 8, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' gave the film a fairly favorable review, referring to it as a "slickly made but fairly conventional tale".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/nightwatch-1200436961/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=January 5, 2012 |title=Nightwatch |date=May 29, 1994 |author=Nesselson, Lisa |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624094559/https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/nightwatch-1200436961/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Remake ==
{{Main|Nightwatch (1997 film)}}
An English-language remake of the film, also titled ''[[Nightwatch (1997 film)|Nightwatch]]'', was released in 1997 and directed by Ole Bornedal, but with a new script by [[Steven Soderbergh]] based on Bornedal's original film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/nightwatch-v154440 |work=Allrovi |title=Nightwatch |author=Stewart, Bhob |accessdate=January 25, 2012 |archive-date=January 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124075510/http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/nightwatch-v154440 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Sequel ==
A sequel, ''Nattevagten – Dæmoner går i arv'' (''Nightwatch – Demons Are Forever'') premiered at the [[2023 BFI London Film Festival]], ahead of a theatrical release in Nordic countries in late 2023. It was written and directed by Bornedal and features Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Kim Bodnia, Ulf Pilgaard, and Niels Anders Thorn from the original cast.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Wendy |date=31 October 2023 |title=Buyers thrill to TrustNordisk's 'Nightwatch - Demons Are Forever' (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/buyers-thrill-to-trustnordisks-nightwatch-demons-are-forever-exclusive/5187423.article |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Screen |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6318608/characters/nm0861301?ref_=ttfc_fc_cl_t21 | title=Nightwatch: Demons Are Forever (2023) - IMDb | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

=== References ===
* {{cite book |last=Hjort |first=Mette |author2=Ib Bondebjerg |title=The Danish Directors: Dialogues on a Contemporary National Cinema |publisher=[[Intellect Books]] | year=2003 |isbn=1-84150-841-1}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0110631|title=Nightwatch}}
* [https://www.allmovie.com/movie/nightwatch-am17923 ''Nightwatch'' at AllMovie]
* {{tcmdb title|id=519490}}
* {{DFDb title}}
* ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104068-nightwatch/ Nightwatch]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]

{{Ole Bornedal}}
{{Robert Award for Best Danish Film}}

[[Category:1994 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:1990s serial killer films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Best Danish Film Robert Award winners]]
[[Category:Danish thriller films]]
[[Category:1990s Danish-language films]]
[[Category:Films about security and surveillance]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ole Bornedal]]
[[Category:1994 directorial debut films]]

Ole Bornedal

2025-05-22T12:50:01Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|Danish film director, actor and producer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox person
|name=Ole Bornedal
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|05|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nørresundby]], [[Denmark]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| nationality = Danish
| other_names =
| known_for =
| spouse = [[Helle Fagralid]]
| occupation = [[Film director]]
}}

'''Ole Bornedal''' (born 26 May 1959) is a [[Denmark|Danish]] [[film director]], [[actor]] and [[Film producer|producer]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080224183854/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/188678/Ole-Bornedal "Ole Bornedal"], ''The New York Times''</ref>

Bornedal was born in [[Nørresundby]], [[Denmark]]. He wrote and directed ''[[Nattevagten]]'' (''Nightwatch'', 1994), a thriller about a law student who works in a [[morgue]] as a night-watchman, and becomes implicated in a series of murders of prostitutes. He also directed an English language remake (''[[Nightwatch (1997 film)|Nightwatch]]'') in 1997, starring [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Nick Nolte]] and [[Patricia Arquette]]. In 2002, he directed ''[[I Am Dina]]''. Other Danish films include ''[[The Substitute (2007 film)|The Substitute]]'' (2007), ''Just Another Love Story'' (2007), and ''Deliver Us from Evil''. He directed the English-language film ''[[The Possession]]'' (2012) and was one of the producers of the horror film ''[[Mimic (film)|Mimic]]''. In 2014 he wrote and directed the epic historical drama ''[[1864 (TV series)|1864]]'', the most expensive Danish TV series in history, chronicling the [[Second Schleswig War]] through the story of two brothers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Forrest|first1=Alex|title=Front Row: Mad Max, Walter Mosley, Dark Arteries, 1864|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05tlvbq|website=[[BBC iPlayer]]|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref>

He is married to the Danish actress, [[Helle Fagralid]], and has three children.

==Filmography==
'''Film'''
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Writer
!Producer
|-
| 1994
| ''[[Nightwatch (1994 film)|Nattevagten]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|1997
| ''[[Mimic (film)|Mimic]]''
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
|''[[Nightwatch (1997 film)|Nightwatch]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
| 2002
| ''[[I Am Dina]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2007
| ''[[The Substitute (2007 film)|The Substitute]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
| ''[[Just Another Love Story]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
| 2009
| ''Fri os fra det onde''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
| 2012
| ''[[The Possession]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
| 2017
| ''Dræberne fra Nibe''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
| 2018
| ''Så længe jeg lever''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|Co-producer}}
|-
| 2021
| ''[[The Shadow in My Eye]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|Co-producer}}
|-
| 2023
| ''Nightwatch: Demons Are Forever''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|}

'''Television'''
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Writer
!Producer
!Notes
|-
| 1995
| ''Sprængt nakke''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| TV short
|-
| 1996
| ''Charlot og Charlotte''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Miniseries
|-
| 2010
| ''Vores krig''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Episode "Kære Elena og Niels"
|-
| 2014
| ''[[1864 (TV series)|1864]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|Co-producer}}
| Miniseries
|}

'''TV movies'''
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Writer
!Producer
|-
| 1989
| ''The Dreamer''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|1993
| ''I en del af verden''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
| ''Masturbator''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Dybt vand (film)|Dybt vand]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|97079}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes person|id=ole_bornedal}}

{{Ole Bornedal}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bornedal, Ole}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Nørresundby]]
[[Category:Danish film directors]]
[[Category:Danish male actors]]
[[Category:Danish horror film directors]]

{{Denmark-film-director-stub}}

The Burning (1981 film)

2025-05-16T15:41:04Z

61.21.156.214: /* Legacy */

{{short description|1981 slasher film by Tony Maylam}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Burning
| image = Theburningposter.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tony Maylam]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bob Weinstein]]
* Peter Lawrence
}}
| story = {{Plainlist|
* [[Brad Grey]]
* Tony Maylam
* [[Harvey Weinstein]]
}}
| producer = Harvey Weinstein
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Brian Matthews (actor)|Brian Matthews]]
* [[Leah Ayres]]
* [[Brian Backer]]
* [[Jason Alexander]]
* Larry Joshua
* Lou David
}}
| cinematography = Harvey Harrison
| editing = [[Jack Sholder]]
| music = [[Rick Wakeman]]
| studio = Cropsy Venture [[Miramax|Miramax Films]]<ref name="bfi">{{cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/70749?view=credit|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140506163158/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/70749?view=credit|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 6, 2014|work=BFI Film & Television Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|access-date=May 6, 2014|title=Credits|location=London}}</ref>
| distributor = [[Filmways|Filmways Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|1981|5|8}}
| runtime = 91 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=''THE BURNING'' (X)|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/burning-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030113049/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/burning-1|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 30, 2014|work=[[HandMade Films]]|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=September 23, 1981|access-date=July 25, 2013}}</ref>
| country = {{plainlist|
* United States<ref name="bfi" />
* Canada<ref>{{cite web|title=The Burning (1981)|website=letterboxd.com|access-date=7 August 2021|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/the-burning-1981/details/}}</ref>
}}
| language = English
| budget = $1.5 million
| gross = $707,770 (United States/Canada)
}}
'''''The Burning''''' is a 1981 [[slasher film]] directed by [[Tony Maylam]], and starring [[Brian Matthews (actor)|Brian Matthews]], [[Leah Ayres]], [[Brian Backer]], Larry Joshua, and Lou David. Its plot follows a [[summer camp]] caretaker who is horribly burnt from a prank gone wrong, where he seeks vengeance at a nearby summer camp years later. The film marks the debuts of actors [[Jason Alexander]], [[Fisher Stevens]], and [[Holly Hunter]]. The film is an international co-production between the United States and Canada.

Based on the [[New York (state)|New York]] [[Urban legends and myths|urban legend]] of the Cropsey maniac, the screenplay was written by [[Bob Weinstein]] and Peter Lawrence, from a story conceived by producer [[Harvey Weinstein]], Tony Maylam, and [[Brad Grey]]. [[Rick Wakeman]], of the [[progressive rock]] band [[Yes (band)|Yes]], composed the score.

''The Burning'' was theatrically released on May 8, 1981, by [[Filmways]]. Its critical reception was largely unfavorable, with many film critics deriding its similarities to ''[[Friday the 13th (1980 film)|Friday the 13th]]'' and ''[[Friday the 13th Part 2]]'' and its graphic violence. However, it has since become a [[cult following|cult classic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yellmagazine.com/burning-1981-review/14023/#|title=Do You Feel The Burning? A Review|publisher=Yell Magazine|author=Jamie Lee|access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> and received positive reappraisal from film critics.

== Plot ==
One night at Camp Blackfoot, several campers pull a prank on Cropsy, the camp's alcoholic and abusive caretaker, by setting a worm-riddled skull with candles in the eye sockets next to his bed. When the caretaker is awakened by the campers banging on his window, he gets frightened by the skull and accidentally knocks it onto his bed, starting a fire. The flames reach a gas tank, which ignites Cropsy and his cabin. He runs outside, engulfed in flames, and stumbles down into a river as the boys flee. Despite his horrific injuries, Cropsy survives.

Five years later, Cropsy is released from the hospital despite dealing with failed [[Skin grafting|skin graft]]s and wears a coat and hat to hide his disfigurement. A prostitute lures him to her apartment, where he stabs her with scissors in a fit of rage when she sees his burned face and rejects him. He then arms himself with a pair of [[pruning shears]] and sets out for another summer camp, Stonewater. The counselors and campers play softball there when a camper searching for a lost ball in the woods narrowly avoids Cropsy.

The following day, a camper named Alfred scares Sally as she steps out of the shower. Her screams bring the attention of counselors Michelle, Todd, Karen, and Eddy. Michelle is furious at Alfred and demands that he leave, but Todd talks to him. He learns that Alfred has no friends, is constantly bullied, and was merely pulling a prank on Sally to get back at her boyfriend, Glazer. Glazer confronts Alfred, but Todd gets him to back off, and the latter apologizes to Sally. Later that night, Alfred spots Cropsy outside the window of the boys cabin, but nobody believes him.

Todd and Michelle bring the campers on a canoe trip down Devil's Creek the following day. That night as they're all gathered around a campfire, Todd tells them the story about the legend of Cropsy; Eddy, wearing a mask and wielding a machete, sneaks up on the group to scare them and they all share a laugh after discovering it was just a prank. Afterwards, Karen and Eddy go to a lake to [[nude swimming|skinny dip]]. He becomes upset when she reconsiders having sex with him, and Karen leaves the lake to find her clothes have been scattered throughout the woods. As she collects her last item of clothing, Cropsy suddenly slashes her throat with his shears. The following day, Michelle finds both Karen and the canoes to be missing. Eddy, Fish, Woodstock, Diane, and Barbara search for the canoes on a makeshift raft. They spot one of the canoes and paddle to it, but Cropsy ambushes them by jumping out from the canoe once they've reached it and savagely murders them all with his shears.

That night, Glazer has sex with Sally in the woods but suffers [[premature ejaculation]]. When he leaves to get matches for a campfire, Cropsy shoves his shears into Sally's chest. Glazer returns only for Cropsy to stab him through the throat and pin him to a tree. Alfred witnesses his death and wakes up Todd. He brings Todd to the site where it happened, but Todd is suddenly rendered unconscious by Cropsy, who then chases after Alfred. Meanwhile, Michelle finds the mutilated bodies on the makeshift raft and brings the remaining campers back to Camp Stonewater in order to ensure their safety and to contact the authorities.

Todd regains consciousness and chases after the killer with an axe. Cropsy grabs Alfred inside an abandoned mine shaft and pins him to a wall with his shears. Todd discovers Karen's body when Cropsy, who is now armed with a flamethrower, shows himself; as this happens, Todd begins to remember being involved with the prank that put Cropsy in the hospital five years earlier. He is attacked by Cropsy, who reveals his disfigurements, but Alfred frees himself to stab him with his own shears. Before they can leave, Cropsy reappears and Todd ultimately slams an axe into his face, killing him. Alfred then ignites his body with the flamethrower, and they make their way outside to Michelle, who brought the police with her, as Cropsy's body burns away.

At a campfire, a different group of campers is seen retelling the legend of Cropsy.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Brian Matthews (actor)|Brian Matthews]] as Todd
** Keith Mandell as Young Todd
* [[Leah Ayres]] as Michelle
* [[Brian Backer]] as Alfred
* Lou David as Cropsy
* Larry Joshua as Glazer
* [[Jason Alexander]] as Dave
* [[Ned Eisenberg]] as Eddy
* Carrick Glenn as Sally
* [[Carolyn Houlihan]] as Karen
* [[Fisher Stevens]] as Woodstock
* Shelley Bruce as Tiger
* Sarah Chodoff as Barbara
* Bonnie Deroski as Marnie
* [[Holly Hunter]] as Sophie
* Kevi Kendall as Diane
* J.R. McKechnie as Fish
* George Parry as Alan
* Ame Segull as Rhoda
* Jeff De Hart as Supervisor
* Bruce Kluger as Rod
* Jerry McGee as Intern
* Mansoor Najeeullah as Orderly
* [[Willie Reale]] as Paul
* John Roach as Snoop
* K.C. Townsend as Hooker
* John Tripp as Camp Counselor
* James Van Verth as Jamie
* Therese Morreale as Girl Playing Softball
}}

== Production ==
=== Conception ===
In 1980, [[Harvey Weinstein]] was desperate to break into the movie business. Weinstein and producing partner [[Michael Cohl]] recognized the success of [[Low-budget film|low-budget]] horror films such as ''[[The Texas Chain Saw Massacre]]'' (1974) and ''[[Halloween (1978 film)|Halloween]]'' (1978), and began swapping horror stories. Having heard stories about the [[Cropsey (film)|Cropsy]] legend when he was a young camper in upstate [[New York (state)|New York]], Weinstein brought the idea to Cohl, who loved it.<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod">{{cite web |last=Kerswell |first=J.A. |title=The Burning (1981) pre-prod |url=https://www.hysteria-lives.co.uk/the_burning/pre-production.htm |website=Hysteria-Lives |access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>

The project was initiated before the popularity of [[Sean S. Cunningham]]'s [[sleeper hit]] ''[[Friday the 13th (1980 film)|Friday the 13th]]'' (1980), with Harvey Weinstein creating a five-page treatment in 1979 under the title "The Cropsy Maniac" and registering it in April 1980, a full month before Cunningham's film was released. Coincidentally, at the same time, director Joseph Ellison also had a film in pre-production under the title "The Burning", but changed the name to ''[[Don't Go in the House]]'' (1980) to avoid confusion with Weinstein's film. The production also bore similarities to another slasher movie in pre-production, a film that would become known as ''[[Madman (film)|Madman]]'' (1982). In summer 1980, during a casting call for ''Madman'', one of the actresses commented that her boyfriend was acting in ''The Burning''. This prompted ''Madman'' to change its entire premise, which was built around the Cropsy legend. This led to a delay in its filming until October 1980, which proved costly as it didn't receive a theatrical release until January 1982. The over-saturation of genre films competing with each other was one of the side-effects of the early 1980s slasher boom.<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod"/>

Cohl told ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' that he, Weinstein and producer Corky Burger took an early version of the script to the 1980 [[Cannes Film Festival]], where it was well received, although they rejected initial six-figure offers, hoping to land more money once the film had been shot. This was a similar approach to how ''Friday the 13th'' had earned distribution with [[Paramount Pictures]].<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod"/>

British director [[Tony Maylam]], known for [[rock music]] [[Documentary film|documentaries]] in the 1970s, was hired as ''The Burning''{{'}}s director in summer 1980. Maylam had met Weinstein and Burger while the producers worked as rock promoters.<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod"/>

During his discussion with [[Film criticism|film critic]] Alan Jones on the [[audio commentary]] of [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]'s [[DVD]], Maylam said that once he came on board things moved very quickly. The screenplay was written in just six weeks and was sculpted to conform to the emerging genre conventions of the time. As the film takes place mostly outside and is set in summer, the production had a small window of opportunity in which to make the film or it risked having to wait until the following year. Knowing that the slasher craze would not last forever, and wanting to get their film released before it fizzled out, the producers rushed into production. The screenplay was written by Peter Lawrence and Harvey's brother [[Bob Weinstein]]. Again, reflecting an understanding of slasher movie conventions of the time, the script featured a murder every ten minutes in the script. It was Maylam's idea to make gardening shears Cropsy's weapon of choice.

The film originally had a different ending. A script dated July 6, 1980 shifted the location to one much more in keeping with a summer camp slasher. Originally, the showdown was to take place in a boathouse. Another big change is that Todd ends up as the "[[Final girl|final boy]]" rather than as the heroic adult, and Alfred is killed by Cropsy. Other changes included an excised character named Alan, who was to be the love interest for Tiger. This version also ends with a campfire scene, but the last line is different: "''...And every year he seeks revenge for the terrible things those kids did to him ... every year he kills!''"<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod"/>

The production company became [[Miramax]], named after Harvey and Bob Weinstein's parents, Miriam and Max, who helped fund the picture. The budget is reported to have been between $500,000 and $1.5 million, although the latter is more often cited. Cohl admitted that the relatively inexperienced filmmakers underestimated production costs, which caused the movie to go over budget.<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod"/>

=== Casting ===
Casting took place in New York in the spring of 1980, and Maylam met most of the cast in person. There was a remarkably quick turnaround, as the start date for filming was August 18, 1980 (although some shooting may have taken place prior to this date). [[Brian Matthews (actor)|Brian Matthews]] and [[Leah Ayres]] were cast first. Ayres already had a successful small screen career. Maylam reportedly insisted that Matthews dye his hair brown, as he did not think he would look macho enough with blonde hair. [[Larry Joshua]] was cast as one of the kids at the camp, even though he was older in real life than either Matthews or Ayres. Like most of the cast, it was his first role, but led to a long and successful career, mostly on the small screen. The rest of the cast was hired during a series of auditions. For some of the soon-to-be-stars, such as [[Holly Hunter]], [[Jason Alexander]], and [[Fisher Stevens]], ''The Burning'' was their first big screen appearance.<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod"/>

The Weinsteins and Maylam also secured the services of make-up supremo [[Tom Savini]], who they flew to [[Pittsburgh]] to meet. Savini had worked on films such as ''[[Dawn of the Dead (1978 film)|Dawn of the Dead]]'' (1978), ''Friday the 13th'' (1980), ''[[Maniac (1980 film)|Maniac]]'' (1980), and ''[[Eyes of a Stranger (1981 film)|Eyes of a Stranger]]'' (1981). Savini turned down the chance to work on ''[[Friday the 13th Part 2]]'' (1981), ostensibly because he could not understand the logic that [[Jason Voorhees|Jason]] was fully grown and was now the killer, as well as what he described as "miscommunications" with the film's backers. He also said that he liked the script for ''The Burning'' more.<ref name="The Burning 1981 pre-prod"/>

=== Filming ===
''The Burning'' was shot in the late summer of 1980 around [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] and [[North Tonawanda, New York]]. Much of the filming took place in and around existing summer camps to give it an authentic look while keeping costs down. The cast wore their own clothes throughout the production. Many of the cast were local to the New York area and were aware of the Cropsy legend.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production">{{cite web|last1=Kerswell|first1=J.A.|title=The Burning (1981) Production|url=https://www.hysteria-lives.co.uk/the_burning/production.htm|website=Hysteria-Lives|access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>

In the interview on the MGM DVD, Savini recalls that the cast were literally queuing up to find out how they would die, making him feel like an assassin. He was very hands-on with the production, though he did not have much time to put together the special effects. He only had three or four days to make the Cropsy make-up – the mask was created in his dressing room in-between special effects duties elsewhere on the film. In ''Grande Illusions'', his first book on his life as a special effects guru, Savini says he based the look of Cropsy on a burnt beggar he had seen as a kid in Pittsburgh, as well as textbooks on burn victims. Due to time constraints, the resulting mask was more of a melt than a burn. Savini was pleased enough with what he had done that he subsequently agreed to go on a publicity tour for the film.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production"/>

Savini expanded on his ''Friday the 13th'' experience for his work on ''The Burning''. The scene where a victim has her throat cut by Cropsy with the shears was similar in execution to the demise of the hitchhiker in the earlier film. Cropsy's demise, when the axe smashes into his face, is an almost identical effect to a scene in ''Friday the 13th''.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production"/>

The mine system was chosen for the climactic battle between Cropsy and Todd. As an earlier script showed, it was originally meant to be a boat house at the camp, but this was switched to a cave system. Indeed, another subsequent version of the script has a scene in Cropsy's lair, where he looks over old newspaper clippings. Maylam says it was changed again to the copper mine because they found bats roosting in the boat house and considered it unsafe.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production"/>

Maylam has recalled that Carolyn Houlihan, who was [[Miss Ohio USA]] in 1979, found her nude scenes extremely difficult to do. Carrick Glenn, who also had a nude scene, was relaxed in front of the camera, according to the director.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production"/>

Maylam maintains that he was Cropsy for about 90% of the movie, as he could not get anyone else to hold the shears the way he wanted (to perfect the gleam bouncing off the metal).<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production"/>

=== Post-production ===
The film was edited by [[Jack Sholder]], who went on shortly to direct the first film for [[New Line Cinema]], the slasher ''[[Alone in the Dark (1982 film)|Alone in the Dark]]'' (1982), starring [[Jack Palance]], [[Martin Landau]], and [[Donald Pleasence]]. He also directed ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge]]'' (1985), a sequel to the [[A Nightmare on Elm Street|1984 classic]].<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production"/>

Maylam has said that there was talk of a sequel at the time ''The Burning'' was wrapping; however, Maylam was leery of being type-cast as a horror director and the disappointing box office performance of the original stalled the sequel's production.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Production"/>

== Promotion and release ==
According to Maylam, the film received a very good response at test screenings. In February 1981, [[Filmways Pictures]] picked up the rights to distribute the film from Miramax for an undisclosed sum after viewing it in [[Los Angeles]]. According to ''Variety'', Filmways was in financial difficulties and saw an opportunity to make quick money during the slasher boom. The company had already produced [[Brian De Palma]]'s ''[[Dressed to Kill (1980 film)|Dressed to Kill]]'' (1980), which had made serious money the previous year. Filmways also released horror thrillers such as ''[[The Town That Dreaded Sundown (1976 film)|The Town That Dreaded Sundown]]'' (1976), ''[[Without Warning (1980 film)|Without Warning]]'' (1980), and ''[[The Last House on the Left]]'' (1972). Filmways originally was intent on renaming the film ''Tales Around the Campfire'' due to its now-iconic campfire scenes, but its original title remained. The film was subsequently sold to foreign territories including Britain, Germany, France, Spain and Japan at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion">{{cite web |last=Kerswell |first=J.A. |title=The Burning (1981) Promotion |url=https://www.hysteria-lives.co.uk/the_burning/promotion.htm |website=Hysteria-Lives |access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film opened on May 8, 1981, in Florida on 110 screens, with a regional rollout following on May 22.<ref name=AFI>{{AFI film|56738}}. Retrieved May 27, 2023.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times/125436381/|work=[[The Times (Shreveport)|The Times]]|date=April 1, 1981|page=23|title=Filmways schedules a new horror movie|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

According to ''Variety'', the film did especially well in Buffalo, near where it had lensed, playing in three theaters and two drive-ins, bringing in $33,000. Interest soon fizzled, and the film suffered a more than 50% drop-off in box office receipts the following week.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion"/> Despite this brief bright spot, overall box office for ''The Burning'' was initially pretty dismal. It lasted in the top 50 for only four weeks, with a take of just $270,508. ''Variety'' reported it received a "chilly reception" in [[San Francisco]] and [[Chicago]]. Unlike in Buffalo, it opened elsewhere to stiff competition: it debuted at number 23 behind slasher films ''[[Happy Birthday to Me (film)|Happy Birthday to Me]]'', which was at number one, and ''[[Friday the 13th Part 2]]'' at number two; however, ''The Burning'' also opened on far fewer screens than those wider releases.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion"/>

The oversaturation of the slasher film market did not help draw in audiences to ''The Burning''. Aside from having the very similar-plotted ''Friday the 13th Part 2'' also playing, the film suffered from competition with ''[[Happy Birthday to Me (film)|Happy Birthday to Me]]'', ''[[Final Exam (1981 film)|Final Exam]]'', ''[[The Fan (1981 film)|The Fan]]'', ''[[Graduation Day (film)|Graduation Day]]'', ''[[Eyes of a Stranger (1981 film)|Eyes of a Stranger]]'', and a successful [[Reissue|re-release]] of [[Tobe Hooper]]'s ''[[The Texas Chain Saw Massacre]]''. The success of ''Friday the 13th Part 2'' hampered ''The Burning''{{'}}s attendance, as the audience flocked to the known property.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion"/>

''The Burning'' opened in New York with new poster artwork (showing a face with a fire reflected in an eye) on November 5, 1982, distributed by [[Orion Pictures]], who had recently merged with Filmways.<ref name=AFI/> ''[[The New York Times]]'' [[film critic]] [[Janet Maslin]]'s gave a scathing review.<ref name="Maslin" /> An ad in ''Variety'' from November 17 noted that the film had grossed $401,258 in just 7 days.<ref name=AFI/> Its last week on ''Variety'' sample chart was December 8, where it had slipped from 78 screens the previous week to just 8 that week, with a final gross of $707,770.

Promotional press artwork also exists under the title ''Cropsy'', but it is unclear when it played theaters under that title, as it was a common practice to give films multiple names in an effort to trick audiences into seeing it multiple times. According to the MPAA site, it may have also played under the title ''Campfire Tales''. These releases and re-releases make it difficult to find a definitive box office tally for the film.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion"/>

According to Tony Maylam, the film sold well around the world, making back its $1.5 million budget. The film performed well in [[Japan]] when it was released there in September 1981.<ref name=Japan/><ref>{{cite news|work=The Record|date=November 5, 1982|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record/58379067/|title=The "Burning" is rather routine|via=Newspapers.com|page=32|last=Jerome|first=Deborah}}</ref> ''Variety'' reported it making a total of $283,477 in a week at just four cinemas in [[Tokyo]].<ref name=Japan/> In its first 16 days, it had grossed $1.2 million from 11 theatres in Japan.<ref name=Japan>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=October 7, 1981|page=29|title=The Burning Scorches Japan}}</ref>

The film was released to British screens on November 5, 1981, by [[HandMade Films]], where it was met with modest success. Within a couple of weeks it was on a [[double feature]] with ''[[When a Stranger Calls (1979 film)|When a Stranger Calls]]'' (1979), which did not boost its fortunes, as ''Variety'' said it soon "hit the skids" with "pathetic" results.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion"/>

=== Censorship ===
Despite the graphic gore effects of slasher films being the driving force behind their box office success, the MPAA gave in to the critical reception and reaction of pressure groups who were protesting the films in the wake of violent acts, such as the [[Murder of John Lennon|assassination of John Lennon]], and the growing debate about violence in the media. ''The Burning'' was heavily trimmed to receive its R rating. The film remained cut in the United States until its 2007 DVD release that restored the scenes of gore.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion"/>

The British cinema release of ''The Burning'' was severely cut as well by the [[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]], receiving an X certificate on September 23, 1981, with cuts to the scissor murder of the prostitute and some gore during the raft attack. When the film was accidentally released uncut on video in the United Kingdom by [[Thorn EMI]], the tape was liable for seizure and prosecution under the [[Obscene Publications Acts]]. Thorn-EMI had unwittingly released a "[[video nasty]]", a term used to describe films judged as obscene and too violent for home rental. They tried to rectify matters by reissuing a BBFC-approved version. The original uncut Thorn-EMI release is worth a great deal of money today. In 1992, the United Kingdom video re-release suffered additional cuts to the raft attack, plus cuts to the killing of Karen. It was finally released fully uncut in 2002.<ref name="The Burning 1981 Promotion"/>

=== Critical response ===
On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has an approval rating of 83% based on reviews from 12 critics, with an average rating of 6.90/10.<ref name="tomatoes">{{cite web |title=The Burning (1981) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1184756_burning |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=August 19, 2023}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a [[weighted arithmetic mean|weighted average]] score of 42 out of 100, based on reviews from 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{cite web |title= The Burning |url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-burning |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref>

A number of critics noted the film's graphic violence and parallels to ''Friday the 13th'' (1980) and [[Friday the 13th Part II|its sequel]]: On his weekly "Sneak Previews" show with Gene Siskel, [[Roger Ebert]] chose the film as one of the critics' "Dogs of the Week"; Ebert was particularly unimpressed by the film's similarity to ''Friday the 13th Part II'', another slasher film from the summer of 1981 that he despised. Bill Cosford of the ''[[Miami Herald]]'' praised the film's dialogue and special effects as convincing, but similarly noted that it bore too many similarities to films such as ''Friday the 13th'' and ''Friday the 13th Part II''.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Miami Herald]]|last=Cosford|first=Bill|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/58378992/|via=Newspapers.com|date=May 11, 1981|page=5C|title='Burning' filmgoers will feel some familiar chills}}</ref> Joe Baltake of the ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' also compared the film to ''Friday the 13th'', but added that, where that film "is periodically nasty, ''The Burning'' is all nastiness."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-burning-review/76585336/|work=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]|date=May 27, 1981|page=26|title=Audience May Burn You Up At Gore Flick of the Week|last=Baltake|first=Joe|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> A review published in ''Variety'' was similarly critical of the film, describing it as derivative and overtly violent.<ref>{{cite news|work=Courier-Post|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/courier-post/58502686/|author=''Variety'' staff|title='The Burning' fizzles under barrage of gore|date=May 24, 1981|page=6F|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

[[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote: "''The Burning'' makes a few minor departures from the usual cliches of its genre, though it carefully preserves the violence and sadism that are schlock horror's sine qua non".<ref name="Maslin">{{cite web |date=5 November 1982 |last=Maslin |first=Janet |title='Burning,' from Horror Genre |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/05/movies/burning-from-horror-genre.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

The ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' film guide wrote: "Suspensewise, it's proficient enough, but familiarity with this sort of stuff can breed contempt".<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Milne |editor-first=Tom |year=1991 |title=The Time Out Film Guide |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |edition=Second |page=92}}</ref> [[Kim Newman]] of ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine was critical of the film for being "an obvious imitation of ''Friday the 13th''" but praised Tom Savini's special effects.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 January 2000 |author=Kim Newman |author-link=Kim Newman |title=The Burning |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/burning-2-review/ |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] }}</ref>
[[AllMovie]] wrote: "With deliberant pacing and shocking scenes of full-on gore, ''The Burning'' delivers on the creep-out levels and would probably be better regarded if not for the boom of familiar flicks that came out after this release".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://allmovie.com/movie/the-burning-v7595/review |title= The Burning – Review – AllMovie |last= Wheeler |first= Jeremy |work= [[AllMovie]] |access-date= July 21, 2012}}</ref> While reviewing the film's 2013 [[Blu-ray]] release from [[Shout! Factory|Scream Factory]], Scott Weinberg of [[Fearnet]] wrote, "[''The Burning'' is] dated and sort of dull. But there's some amazing gore, and the new Blu-ray makes it shine".<ref>{{cite web |date= May 22, 2013 |last= Weinberg |first= Scott |title= The Burning (1981) Blu-ray Review |website= [[Fearnet]] |url= http://www.fearnet.com/news/review/fearnet-movie-review-burning-blu-ray |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130614033628/http://www.fearnet.com/news/review/fearnet-movie-review-burning-blu-ray |archive-date= 2013-06-14 |url-status= dead}}</ref> [[Leonard Maltin]] gave the film one out of a possible four stars, calling it "[an] awful ''[[Friday the 13th (1980 film)|Friday the 13th]]'' rip-off".<ref name="maltin14">{{cite book |last= Maltin |first= Leonard |author-link= Leonard Maltin |title= Leonard Maltin's 2014 Movie Guide |year= 2013 |publisher= Penguin Press |isbn= 978-0-451-41810-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780451418104/page/199 199] |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780451418104/page/199}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
''The Burning'' was released on [[DVD]] in North America for the first time ever on September 11, 2007, by [[MGM Home Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000UDGO9S |title=The Burning |work=Amazon.com |date=September 11, 2007 |access-date=July 6, 2012}}</ref> The DVD contains several extras, including a commentary by director Tony Maylam, a featurette covering Savini's make-up effects, a stills gallery, and the theatrical trailer. Despite the DVD cover displaying the 'R' rating, the print used is the full uncut version.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=2390 |title='Rewind' DVD comparison|website=Dvdcompare.net|access-date=3 September 2017}}</ref>

[[Shout! Factory]] released ''The Burning'' on Blu-ray Disc/DVD Combo Pack on May 21, 2013, under their sub-label Scream Factory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailydead.com/the-burning-and-the-town-that-dreaded-sundown-blu-raydvd-cover-art-and-release-details/|title=The Burning and The Town That Dreaded Sundown: Blu-ray/DVD Cover Art and Release Details|work=Daily Dead|date=February 2013|access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref> In May 2023, Scream Factory announced a [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]] release that came out on July 11, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|title=1980s Slasher 'The Burning' Gets a 4K Ultra HD Upgrade This Summer|last=Squires|first=Jon|date=May 1, 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528064903/https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3760601/1980s-slasher-the-burning-gets-a-4k-ultra-hd-upgrade-this-summer/|archive-date=May 28, 2023|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3760601/1980s-slasher-the-burning-gets-a-4k-ultra-hd-upgrade-this-summer/}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = The Burning
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Rick Wakeman]]
| cover = Theburningcd.jpg
| alt =
| released = 1981
| recorded = 1981
| venue =
| studio = Workshoppe Recording Studios, New York
| genre = [[Progressive rock]]
| length = 35.42
| label = [[Charisma Records|Charisma]] (UK) [[Varèse Sarabande]] (USA)
| producer = Rick Wakeman
| prev_title = [[Rhapsodies (album)|Rhapsodies]]
| prev_year = 1979
| next_title = [[1984 (Rick Wakeman album)|1984]]
| next_year = 1981
}}
A [[soundtrack]] album featuring Rick Wakeman's [[Film score|score]] was released on [[LP record|LP]] in 1981 in Europe, and shortly after in the United States and Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.soundtrackcollector.com/catalog/soundtrackdetail.php?movieid=27501 |title=Burning, The (1981) |website=Soundtrackcollector.com |access-date=July 6, 2012}}</ref> It includes music from the film and rock band arrangements by Wakeman, known as The Wakeman Variations, as well as selections from the score, written by Alan Brewer and Anna Pepper. Brewer was musical director for the film and co-producer of the score and soundtrack album with Wakeman.<ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-burning-mw0000780177 |title=The Burning – Rick Wakeman : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |author=Stephen Raiteri |work=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=July 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bmemusic.com/Emma%20-%20Wakeman%20-%20NaFF%209.02.04.htm |title=BME: Rick Wakeman, Nashville Film Festival |work=bmemusic.com |access-date=July 6, 2012}}</ref>

The soundtrack was released in the United Kingdom for the first time on [[Compact disc|CD]] in February 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000MTEBI6 |title=The Burning |work=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon.com]] |access-date=July 6, 2012}}</ref>

; Track listing<ref name="Allmusic"/>
# "Theme from ''The Burning''" – 3:32
# "The Chase Continues (Po's Plane)" – 3:53
# "Variations on the Fire" – 5:13
# "Shear Terror and More" – 4:39
# "The Burning (End Title Theme)" – 2:00
# "Campfire Story" – 3:08
# "The Fire" – 3:25
# "Doin' It" – 2:42
# "Devil's Creek Breakdown" – 2:21
# "The Chase" – 2:00
# "Shear Terror" – 2:49

== Legacy ==
Many people involved in ''The Burning'' have gone onto achieve great success. [[Bob Weinstein|Bob]] and [[Harvey Weinstein]] have become successful [[film producer]]s, acting as founders and heads of [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] from 1979 to 2005 (which was owned by [[The Walt Disney Company]] from 1993 to 2010), when they created [[The Weinstein Company]]. Bob is also the founder and head of [[Dimension Films]], which continues to release genre films, though many of them heavily reedited by Weinstein from 1992 to 2019, including the successful ''[[Scream (franchise)|Scream]]'' slasher film franchise and five of the ''[[Halloween (franchise)|Halloween]]'' films. [[Hollywood Records]] was limited to the release of soundtracks from the pre-2010 Miramax library, and the pre-2005 Dimension Films library from 1993 to 2025. Harvey won an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for producing ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]'' and has garnered seven [[Tony Awards]] for producing a variety of winning plays and musicals, including ''[[The Producers (musical)|The Producers]]'', ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical]]'', and ''[[August: Osage County]]''. [[Brad Grey]], who received a writing credit on ''The Burning'', became the chairman and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of [[Paramount Pictures]], a position he held from 2005 until his death in 2017. Grey produced eight of the ten top-grossing films to come from the studio. Actress [[Holly Hunter]] won an Academy Award in 1993 for her performance in ''[[The Piano]]'', and was also nominated for her performances in ''[[Broadcast News (film)|Broadcast News]]'' (1987), ''[[The Firm (1993 film)|The Firm]]'' (1993), and ''[[Thirteen (2003 film)|Thirteen]]'' (2003), as well as winning two [[Emmy Awards]] and receiving seven nominations. [[Jason Alexander]] would star in the long-running, critically acclaimed [[sitcom]] ''[[Seinfeld]]'' as [[George Costanza]]. [[Fisher Stevens]] would star in ''[[The Flamingo Kid]]'' (1984) and ''[[Short Circuit (1986 film)|Short Circuit]]'' (1986), before turning to documentary directing, where he won an Academy Award for his film ''[[The Cove (film)|The Cove]]'' (2010) and an [[Independent Spirit Awards|Independent Spirit Award]] for ''[[Crazy Love (2007 film)|Crazy Love]]'' (2007).

The film was cited by [[Nude Maker|Hifumi Kono]] as being the inspiration for Bobby Barrow's signature scissors weapon in ''[[Clock Tower (1995 video game)|Clock Tower]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/dontcryjennifer/this-is-completely-true-about-nude-maker-and-ct-t403-s40.html|title=THIS IS COMPLETELY TRUE. (About Nude Maker and CT)|website=w11.zetaboards.com|date=July 19, 2007 |access-date=3 September 2017}}</ref>

In 2009, writer-director Joshua Zeman and director Barbara Brancaccio released a documentary titled ''[[Cropsey (film)|Cropsey]]'', which details the Cropsey maniac urban legend on which ''The Burning'' is based. Despite sharing little connection to ''The Burning'', the film re-ignited the popular mythos of the character.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kerswell |first=J.A. |title=Cropsy Legend |url=https://www.hysteria-lives.co.uk/the_burning/cropsy_legend.htm |access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>

{{Anchor|Top lists}}
In 2017, ''[[Complex Networks|Complex]]'' magazine named ''The Burning'' the 12th-best slasher film of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/best-slasher-movies-of-all-time/the-burning|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|title=The Best Slasher Films of All Time|date=October 23, 2017|last=Barone|first=Matt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723144515/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/best-slasher-movies-of-all-time/the-burning|archive-date=July 23, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, ''[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]'' included it in their list of "The 50 Best Slasher Movies of All Time",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/08/the-50-best-slasher-movies-of-all-time.html|work=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]|title=The Best Slasher Movies of All Time|date=August 8, 2018|last=Vorel|first=Jim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723143453/https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/horror-movies/the-50-best-slasher-movies-of-all-time/|archive-date=July 23, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while Cropsy was ranked the 12th-greatest slasher villain of all time by ''[[LA Weekly]]''.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[LA Weekly]]|title=A Killer List: The Greatest Movie Slashers of All Time|date=October 22, 2018|last=Byrnes|first=Chad|url=https://www.laweekly.com/a-killer-list-the-greatest-movie-slashers-of-all-time/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723143523/https://www.laweekly.com/a-killer-list-the-greatest-movie-slashers-of-all-time/|archive-date=July 23, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2017, former-production assistant Paula Wachowiak alleged that producer Harvey Weinstein's [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases|history of predatory behavior]] went back as far as the initial filming of ''The Burning'' in June 1980. Then a 24-year-old [[University at Buffalo]] graduate and divorced mother, Wachowiak was tasked with getting Weinstein to sign checks for an [[auditor]] working with the production's accounting department. When Wachowiak arrived at Weinstein's hotel room to have him sign the checks, he allegedly answered the door wearing only a towel, that he then dropped and asked for a massage from his employee. When Wachowiak refused, she alleges that Weinstein harassed her about the incident through the rest of the film's production, up until the film's May 1981 premiere.<ref>{{cite web |last=Becker |first=Maki |title='You disgust me': Buffalo woman tells of 1980 encounter with Weinstein |url=https://buffalonews.com/2017/10/15/buffalo-woman-tells-1980-encounter-harvey-weinstein-hotel-room/ |website=[[The Buffalo News]]|date=October 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-date=May 28, 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230528073619/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/you-disgust-me-buffalo-woman-tells-of-1980-encounter-with-weinstein/article_947dd219-1da0-5e06-a5fc-2c05cfac2260.html}} {{closed access}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{AFI film|56738}}
* {{IMDb title|0082118}}

{{Harvey Weinstein}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burning, The}}
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 horror films]]
[[Category:1981 independent films]]
[[Category:1980s English-language films]]
[[Category:1980s horror films]]
[[Category:1980s slasher films]]
[[Category:1980s teen horror films]]
[[Category:American exploitation films]]
[[Category:American films about revenge]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:American slasher films]]
[[Category:American splatter films]]
[[Category:American teen horror films]]
[[Category:Backwoods slasher films]]
[[Category:Canadian independent films]]
[[Category:Canadian slasher films]]
[[Category:Canadian splatter films]]
[[Category:Canadian teen horror films]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Films about pranks]]
[[Category:Films about summer camps]]
[[Category:Films set in summer camps]]
[[Category:Films about mass murder]]
[[Category:Films set in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Films set on lakes]]
[[Category:Films shot in Buffalo, New York]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Films based on urban legends]]
[[Category:Films directed by Tony Maylam]]
[[Category:Films produced by Harvey Weinstein]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rick Wakeman]]
[[Category:Filmways films]]
[[Category:Miramax films]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]]
[[Category:Video nasties]]
[[Category:Horror films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Brad Grey]]
[[Category:1980s American films]]
[[Category:1980s Canadian films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Harvey Weinstein]]
[[Category:English-language horror films]]
[[Category:English-language independent films]]

Cerwin-Vega

2025-05-14T12:08:46Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|Audio components manufacturing company}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Use American English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Cerwin-Vega Inc.
| logo = Cerwin-Vega! logo.svg
| logo_size =
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| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
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| native_name =
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| former_name = Vega Laboratories
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| ISIN =
| industry = [[Electronics]]
| genre = 
| fate =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1954}}
| founder = Gene Czerwinski
| defunct = 
| location_city = [[Los Angeles, California]]
| location_country = United States
| coordinates =
| locations = 
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people =
| products = [[Loudspeakers]], [[amplifier]]s, [[Home cinema|home theaters]]
| brands =
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| owner = CVM Acquisition Services
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| website = [https://cerwinvega.com/ cerwinvega.com]
| footnotes =
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}}

'''Cerwin-Vega''' '''Inc.''' is a [[brand]] name used on products for [[professional audio]] components, as well as [[home audio]] speakers, and [[car audio]] components. Originally a stand-alone company, Cerwin-Vega was acquired by the Stanton Group<ref name="DailyNews">{{cite news|title=Valley man who revolutionized audio dies at 83|url=https://www.dailynews.com/news/ci_15747512|accessdate=12 August 2010|newspaper=Los Angeles Daily News|date=August 11, 2010|author=Gregory J. Wilcox|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815052656/http://www.dailynews.com/news/ci_15747512|archive-date=15 August 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> after declaring bankruptcy in 2003.

In 2007, Stanton sold off the mobile products division to '''CVM Acquisition Services''' (a sister company to Diamond Audio Technologies) LLC.

The brand name of Cerwin-Vega was effectively split for several years across two companies, Cerwin-Vega Mobile which handled products specifically for mobile applications and Stanton Group for all remaining products. Later, the Stanton Group was wholly acquired by [[Gibson Guitar Company]] on December 5, 2011, and for some time Gibson managed Cerwin Vega, KRK Systems, and Stanton brands under their Gibson Pro Audio division. Cerwin-Vega sells internationally from two main locations; one in [[Deerfield Beach, FL]], and the other location in [[Brussels, Belgium]], while manufacturing their pro products primarily in [[Malaysia]] and home products primarily in China.

After corporate restructuring, Gibson dismantled most of Pro Audio division (only retaining KRK Systems) and sold several parts of it including Cerwin-Vega. Cerwin-Vega was eventually acquired by CVM Acquisition Services in 2020 and with it reunited both mobile and other parts of Cerwin-Vega as Cerwin-Vega Inc.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rovere|first=Nicolò|date=2021-06-09|title=Cerwin Vega torna indipendente|url=https://www.afdigitale.it/cerwin-vega-torna-indipendente-intervistata-la-nuova-proprieta/|access-date=2021-09-14|website=AF Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==History==
[[File:Very Early Vega Labs Loudpseaker.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Early speaker from Vega Labs]]
Cerwin-Vega was founded as Vega Associates<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=Quiet Talk From a Noise Merchant : 'Loud Is Beautiful' Is a Slogan for Loudspeakers, but Cerwin-Vega Cultivates a Soft Corporate Tone |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-09-23-fi-9367-story.html |access-date=6 October 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=23 September 1986 |first1=James |last1=Bates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005053721/https://articles.latimes.com/1986-09-23/business/fi-9367_1_cerwin-vega-speakers |archive-date= Oct 5, 2018 }}</ref> (with later name changes to Vega Laboratories and then Cerwin-Vega) by aerospace engineer Eugene J. "Gene" Czerwinski (1927–2010) in 1954,<ref name="auto1"/> and became noted for producing an 18" speaker capable of producing 130 dB in [[sound pressure level|SPL]] at 30 Hz, an astonishing level during its time. Another breakthrough product, the world's first solid-state [[electronic amplifier|amplifier]], was released in 1957. In addition to these innovations, the company became well known for supplying speakers for electric musical instrument companies such as [[Fender Musical Instruments Corporation|Fender]], as well as for movie theaters all through the 1970s.<ref name="DailyNews"/>

[[File:Gene Czerwinski at AES Convention.jpg|thumb|160px|Gene Czerwinski posing in front of Cerwin-Vega loudspeakers at a Los Angeles Audio Engineering Society convention circa 1975.]]
Cerwin-Vega participated in [[Sensurround]] technology which was developed in conjunction with [[MCA Inc.|MCA]] and [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]] in the 1970s.<ref name="auto1"/> Sensurround was a movie theater special effects speaker system which used multiple Cerwin-Vega folded horn subwoofers triggered by an optical soundtrack system to create low frequency effects which simulated vibrations felt during an earthquake or a battle scene. Sensurround was premiered in the 1974 movie ''[[Earthquake (1974 film)|Earthquake]]'', and was a great success, but most Sensurround units were later dismantled due to the large amount of space they took up in theaters and the fact only four feature films were ever released in the process.

The earliest known Vega Laboratory speakers were hand made and contained [[Jensen Loudspeakers|Jensen]] branded woofers, sealed mid-ranges and horn tweeters in a ported enclosure with a Vega Labs-built crossover. Earliest known models have no serial number or model numbers on the crossovers plates and these are believed to be production prototypes of what would become C-V's popular 12" 3-way speaker systems. In the early 1970s Cerwin-Vega began marketing their "Residential" line of speakers with the Model 24 and Model 26. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Cerwin-Vega released models A-10, A-123, R-10 (10-inch, 2-way system), R-12 (12-inch, 2-way system), R-123 (12-inch, 3-way system), 12TR (12-inch Tower Reflecting horn), and 15T tower speakers with 12" and 15" downward firing woofers, and the model S-1 bookshelf speakers. The S-1 speaker system was the crowning achievement for Cerwin-Vega.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}} By utilizing a "Sixth Order Butterworth Vent Tuning" and integrating the system with Cerwin-Vega's DB-10B Bass Turbocharger (included with the S-1 speakers), the low frequency range of the S-1 was increased beyond the capabilities of larger enclosures. Cerwin-Vega also delivered various models of efficient semi horn (DHORM) speakers (including the A-10, A-123 and S-1). They featured 10" or 12" woofers and often twin mid-range drivers in a ported enclosure. They were touted to deliver up to 126 decibels of sound pressure.

In the late 1970s and into the 1980s, Cerwin-Vega used a catchy marketing slogan: "Loud is beautiful… if it's clean".<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{cite web |title=TESS -- Search |url=https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4801:aoq5h1.5.2 |website=tmsearch.uspto.gov |accessdate=6 October 2020}}{{dead link|date=January 2024}}</ref>

In October 1986 the company moved to a new building in Simi Valley, CA<ref name="auto1"/> and in August 2004 the company moved to a new building in Chatsworth, CA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mixonline.com/technology/cerwin-vega-makes-move-chatsworth-calif-based-headquarters-380521|title=Cerwin-Vega Makes Move to Chatsworth, Calif.–Based Headquarters|date=August 18, 2004|website=Mixonline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124013451/https://www.mixonline.com/technology/cerwin-vega-makes-move-chatsworth-calif-based-headquarters-380521 |archive-date= Jan 24, 2022 }}</ref>

In 2020, Cerwin-Vega business was consolidated to Los Angeles, CA.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Cerwin-Vega Inc. Acquires Cerwin-Vega! Pro & Home Brands From Gibson|url=https://audioxpress.com/news/cerwin-vega-inc-acquires-cerwin-vega-pro-home-brands-from-gibson|access-date=2021-09-14|website=audioXpress|language=en}}</ref>

==Company divisions==
The Cerwin-Vega brand was split for some time across two companies; Gibson for Cerwin-Vega and CVDA Holdings for Cerwin-Vega Mobile. In both lines their products are mostly known for its [[woofer]]s and [[subwoofer]]s capable of delivering high sound level output with comparatively low frequency ranges using comparatively low power input, as well as the red ring commonly found on the surround of many of their speaker drivers over the decades.

Since 2020, the Mobile and remaining divisions of Cerwin-Vega have been reunited under a common ownership.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://cerwinvega.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Loudspeaker manufacturers]]
[[Category:Music equipment manufacturers]]
[[Category:Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1954]]

Asylum Records

2025-05-13T08:47:23Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|American record label}}
{{Infobox record label
| image = Asylum Records logo.svg
| caption = Current logo since 2004
| parent = [[Warner Music Group]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1971}}
| founder = [[David Geffen]] [[Elliot Roberts]]
| status = 
| distributor = {{Unbulleted list|[[Atlantic Records Group]]|{{small|(United States/United Kingdom)}}|[[Warner Music Group]]|{{small|(International)}}|[[Elektra Records]]|{{small|(Back Catalog)}}|[[Rhino Entertainment|Rhino Entertainment Company]]|{{small|(Re-issues)}}}}
| genre = Various{{efn|[[Folk rock]] and [[country rock]] (1971–1980s), [[Country music|country]] (1990s, 2003–present under Asylum-Curb sub-label), [[Hip hop]], [[Rock music|rock]], and [[alternative metal]] (2004–present)}}
| country = United States
| url = {{url|https://www.asylumrecords.com/}}
}}
'''Asylum Records''' is an American [[record label]], founded in 1971 by [[David Geffen]] and partner [[Elliot Roberts]]. It was taken over by [[Warner Communications]] (now the [[Warner Music Group]]) in 1972, and later merged with [[Elektra Records]] to become [[Elektra Records#The Asylum Records merger|Elektra/Asylum Records]].

After previous incarnations, it is geared primarily towards [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]], along with [[Rock and roll|rock]] and [[alternative metal]]. It is owned and distributed by Warner Music Group.

==History==
===Formation===
[[Image:Asylum Records logo.jpg|thumb|Original logo]]
Asylum was founded in 1971 by [[David Geffen]], and partner [[Elliot Roberts]], both of whom had previously worked as agents at the [[William Morris Agency]], and operated a [[folk music|folk]]/[[rock music|rock]] label. They had also previously founded their own management company. While unsuccessfully pitching a recording contract for their client [[Jackson Browne]] to [[Atlantic Records]] president [[Ahmet Ertegun]], Geffen said, "You'll make a lot of money." Ertegun replied, "You know what, David, I have a lot of money. Why don't you start a record company and then you'll have a lot of money." A deal was then struck in which Ertegun would put up the initial funds, Atlantic Records would distribute Asylum Records, and the profits would be split 50/50.<ref>Mark Bego, ''Joni Mitchell'' (Lanham, MD, 2005, {{ISBN|978-1-58979-134-3}}), p. 106.</ref>

Although they knew they would sign Browne, the first act that Geffen asked to join the label was his close friend [[Laura Nyro]], whose career he was managing at the time.<ref name=googlebooks>{{cite book|last=Kort|first=Michele|title=Soul Picnic: The Music and Passion of Laura Nyro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vE8IsMvxqe0C&q=%22david+geffen%22+%22laura+nyro%22+asylum&pg=PA150|access-date=November 24, 2012|isbn=9780312303181|date=2003-05-14}}</ref><ref name=PBS>{{cite web|last=Lacy|first=Susan|title=American Masters|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/david-geffen/film-inventing-david-geffen/2361/|work=Inventing David Geffen|date=7 November 2012|publisher=PBS|access-date=November 24, 2012}}</ref> Nyro initially agreed, but without Geffen's knowledge she changed her mind and re-signed with [[Columbia Records]].<ref name=googlebooks/><ref name=PBS/> Geffen said it was the biggest betrayal of his life up to that point and that he "cried for days".<ref name=PBS/><ref name=bostonglobe>{{cite news|last=Gilbert|first=Matthew|title='American Masters' profiles mogul David Geffen|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/television/2012/11/20/david-geffen-from-mailroom-mogul/upFcS4Fm2ml0ORhpIw1XlK/story.html|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=November 20, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gay|first=Verne|title='American Masters: Inventing David Geffen' review|url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/american-masters-inventing-david-geffen-review-1.4231026|newspaper=Newsday|date=November 19, 2012}}</ref>

Asylum's early releases were distributed by Atlantic Records. The same year, Asylum signed [[Jo Jo Gunne]], [[Linda Ronstadt]], [[JD Souther|John David Souther]], [[Judee Sill]], [[David Blue (musician)|David Blue]], [[Joni Mitchell]] and [[Glenn Frey]] (whom Geffen encouraged to form the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]], with [[Don Henley]], [[Bernie Leadon]], and [[Randy Meisner]]). In 1972, then folk-based singer/songwriter [[Tom Waits]] signed with the label, releasing his debut, ''[[Closing Time (album)|Closing Time]]'', in 1973. His seventh and final album for the label, ''[[Heartattack and Vine]]'', was released in 1980. Former [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]] frontman [[John Fogerty]] signed with the label in 1974. The biggest coup for Asylum was signing [[Bob Dylan]], who had been with [[Columbia Records]] since the early 1960s but who, after a falling-out with the company, was shopping around for a new label. Dylan recorded two albums, ''[[Planet Waves]]'' and the live ''[[Before the Flood (album)|Before the Flood]]'', for Asylum before returning to Columbia. Columbia reissued Dylan's two Asylum albums in 1981.

===Merger with Elektra Records===
{{Plain image with caption|Asylum Records.svg|width=170px|Asylum logo used between 1973 and 1980}}
Asylum was taken over by Warner Communications in 1973<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/label/33574-Asylum-Records|title=Asylum Records|website=Discogs|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> and merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records. David Geffen and Elliot Roberts each received $2 million in cash and $5 million in Warner Communications stock, thereby becoming two of the company's largest shareholders. Geffen served as president and chairman of Elektra/Asylum Records until 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named vice-chairman of [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros]]. One of Asylum's most prominent signings after Geffen's departure was [[Warren Zevon]], who released a series of successful and critically acclaimed LPs for the label; his [[Warren Zevon (album)|self-titled 1976 label debut]] has been called the best California rock album of the decade.{{By whom|date=July 2018}}

By the early 1980s, although the copyright lines on albums still read "Elektra/Asylum Records" or "Elektra/Asylum/Nonesuch Records", Elektra was becoming the more prominent of the two labels with Asylum turning into a secondary imprint. By the middle of the decade, the company was unofficially calling itself Elektra Records, and in 1989 it was renamed Elektra Entertainment. By this time Asylum's remaining acts had been shifted to the Elektra roster, although catalog recordings and reissues continued to be sold with the Asylum label on them.

===Country format===
Asylum was reformatted into a country music label, still operated by Elektra, in 1992. Under the new format, Asylum scored successful recordings by such acts as [[Emmylou Harris]], [[Brother Phelps]], [[Thrasher Shiver]], [[Kevin Sharp (country singer)|Kevin Sharp]], [[Bryan White]], and [[Lila McCann]]. They also produced many critically acclaimed albums by artists such as [[George Jones]], [[Mandy Barnett]], [[Guy Clark]], [[The Cox Family]], [[Bob Woodruff (singer)|Bob Woodruff]], [[Monte Warden]], [[JD Myers]] and [[Jamie Hartford]] (although the last two artists' albums were initially shelved. By the end of the decade, however, mismanagement and a lack of promotion money led to the dissolution of the Asylum country label.

In 2003, [[Mike Curb]], head of [[Curb Records]], revived the Nashville division of Asylum, forming a new label known as Asylum-Curb. [[LeAnn Rimes]], [[Clay Walker]], [[Lee Brice]], [[Rio Grand]], [[Hank Williams, Jr.]] and [[Wynonna Judd|Wynonna]] were among the artists on the Asylum-Curb division.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2003/1/29/mike_curb_to_revive_asylum/ |title=Mike Curb to revive Asylum |access-date=2007-11-22 |last=Ruble |first=Dave |date=2003-01-29 |work=Nashville Post}}</ref>

===Relaunch===
After being dormant for several years, Asylum Records was revived as an urban music-based label in 2004, with some of its releases distributed in conjunction with [[Warner Bros. Records]] and others through [[Atlantic Records]]. Asylum found success with [[Americans|American]] rapper [[Paul Wall]]. Asylum released Paul Wall's commercial debut studio album, ''[[The Peoples Champ]]''‚ in September 2005. The album debuted and peaked at number one on the ''[[Billboard 200]]'', and was ultimately certified Platinum in America. In 2006, WMG shifted Asylum to operate under their newly created [[Independent Label Group]], which also comprises [[Cordless Recordings]] and [[East West Records]]. In December 2006, Asylum Records announced the signing of Atlanta, Georgia-based [[Heavy metal music|metal]] band [[Sevendust]], the first non-hip-hop artist to be signed to the newly reconfigured label. On March 30, 2009, Asylum president and CEO [[Todd Moscowitz]] was promoted to co-president of Warner Bros. Records Inc.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anonymous|title=Todd Moscowitz Joins Warner Bros. Records|work=Business Wire|agency=Business Wire|publisher=Business Wire|date=30 March 2009|id={{ProQuest|444182020}}}}</ref> Subsequently, Asylum was detached from the Independent Label Group and operated under Warner Bros. from 2009 to 2013 before being moved to Atlantic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wmg.com/newsdetails/id/8a0af8122040e2dc01207bf1f9d844e3 |title=Todd Moscowitz Joins Warner Bros. Records |access-date=2009-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711022006/http://www.wmg.com/newsdetails/id/8a0af8122040e2dc01207bf1f9d844e3 |archive-date=2011-07-11 |url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Cee Lo Green]] was signed to the label as well as [[New Boyz]] and [[Ed Sheeran]]. The label achieved its first number 1 hit on the [[UK Singles Chart]] with "[[Feel the Love (Rudimental song)|Feel the Love]]" by [[Rudimental]] in May 2012. The label was relaunched in the US in 2017, operating separately from the UK label.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/warner-music-group-to-relaunch-asylum-label-founded-by-david-geffen-1202603122/|title=Warner Music Group to Relaunch Asylum, Label Founded by David Geffen|first=Jem|last=Aswad|date=31 October 2017|website=variety.com|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wmg.com/news/asylum-records-relaunched-us-32396|title=Asylum Records Relaunched In U.S. - Warner Music Group Official Blog|website=Warner Music Group Official Website|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Asylum Records artists]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Atlantic Records}}
{{Warner Music Group}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Elektra Records]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1971]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 2004]]
[[Category:Re-established companies]]
[[Category:Warner Music labels]]
[[Category:Labels distributed by Warner Music Group]]
[[Category:American record labels]]
[[Category:Hip-hop record labels]]
[[Category:David Geffen]]

PolyGram

2025-05-13T07:24:37Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|German-Dutch global record label (1962–1999)}}
{{About|the former record company|the defunct film production company bearing this title whose assets now belong to Universal Pictures|PolyGram Filmed Entertainment|Universal Music Group's current production company|PolyGram Entertainment|the geometrical figure|Polygram (geometry)}}
{{Infobox company
| name = PolyGram
| logo = [[File:PolyGram wordmark.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| former_name = Grammophon-Philips Group (1962–1972)
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = {{ubl|[[Music]]|[[Film]]|[[Entertainment]]}}
| fate = {{Collapsible list|
* Merged with [[Universal Studios, Inc.|Universal Studios]]
** Music operations folded into [[Universal Music Group]]. Label still used by UMG's '''[[PolyGram Entertainment]]''' and for some of its label divisions in certain regions.
** [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment|Film and television assets]] folded into [[Universal Pictures]]. Post-April 1996–1999 [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment]] catalog currently owned by [[Universal Pictures]]. (part of [[Comcast]])
* North American distribution assets were sold to [[USA Networks]].
* Pre-April 1996 [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment]] catalog sold to [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (part of [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]])
* [[ITC Entertainment]] assets sold to [[Carlton Communications]].
}}
| successors = {{plainlist|
* [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] ([[Amazon MGM Studios]]/[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]])
* [[Universal Music Group]]
* [[Universal Pictures]] ([[NBCUniversal]]/[[Comcast]])
}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1962}}
| founder = [[Deutsche Grammophon]] [[Philips Records|Philips Phonografische Industrie]]
| defunct = {{end date and age|1998}}
| location_city = [[Baarn]]
| location_country = [[Netherlands]]
| owners = {{ubl|[[Siemens]] (50%, 1962–1988) [[Philips]] (50%, 1962–1988)}}
| parent = [[Philips]] (1988–1998)
| website =
}}

'''PolyGram N.V.''' was a [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Record label#Major labels|major music record label]] and [[show business|entertainment company]] formerly based in the [[Netherlands]]. It was founded in 1962 as the '''Grammophon-Philips Group''' by Dutch corporation [[Philips]] and German corporation [[Siemens]], to be a holding for their record companies, and was renamed "PolyGram" in 1972. The name was chosen to reflect the Siemens interest [[Polydor Records]] and the Philips interest [[Phonogram Records]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The company traced its origins through [[Deutsche Grammophon]] back to the inventor of the flat disc [[Phonograph record|gramophone]], [[Emil Berliner]].

Later on, PolyGram expanded into the largest global entertainment company, creating film and television divisions. In May 1998, it was sold to the [[Distilled beverage|alcoholic distiller]] [[Seagram]] which owned film, television and music company [[Universal Studios, Inc.|Universal Studios]]. PolyGram's music operations were thereby folded into [[Universal Music Group]], and its [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment|film and television]] operations were folded into [[Universal Pictures]], which had been both Seagram successors of [[MCA Inc.]] When the newly formed entertainment division of Seagram faced financial difficulties, it was sold to [[Vivendi]], and MCA became known as Universal Studios, as Seagram ceased to exist. Vivendi remains the majority owner of the Universal Music Group (while the film and television division was sold to [[NBCUniversal]]) until 2021. In February 2017, UMG revived the company under the name of '''[[PolyGram Entertainment]]''', which currently serves as their film and television division.

== History ==
=== Hollandsche Decca Distributie (HDD), 1929–1950 ===
In 1929, [[Decca Records]] (London) licensed record shop owner H.W. Van Zoelen as a distributor in the Netherlands. By 1931, his company '''Hollandsche Decca Distributie''' ('''HDD''') had become exclusive Decca distributor for all of the Netherlands and its colonies.<ref name="DL">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TMDAwAAQBAJ&q=Hollandsche+Decca+Distributie&pg=PT75 |title=Download! How The Internet Transformed The Record Business | access-date=15 April 2016 | author=Hardy, Phil |date=20 November 2012 | pages=Chapter 4|publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=9780857128034 }}</ref> Over the course of the 1930s, HDD put together its own facilities for [[Artists and repertoire|A&R]], recording, and manufacturing.

HDD was commercially successful during World War II because of the absence of American and British competition. Van Zoelen wanted to sell to [[Philips]] so that HDD would have sufficient financial backing when their major competitors returned after the war. This led Philips to purchase HDD in 1942.<ref name="DL"/>

In the mid 20th century, the majority of large recording companies manufactured both gramophones and records; Philips CEO [[Anton Philips]] noted the risk in creating gramophones without an interest in music recording and record manufacture, and that [[RCA|Radio Corporation of America]] (RCA) had merged with the [[Victor Talking Machine Company]] in 1929<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dGig0fYlj8C&q=rca+merges+with+victor+talking+machine+in+1929&pg=PA352 | title=Radio Industry | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of American Business History | access-date=15 April 2016 | author=Geisst, Charles R. | date=14 May 2014 | pages=352| isbn=9781438109879 }}</ref> for this reason. Philips' labs were developing [[magnetic tape]] and [[LP record|LPs]], and they could support eventual new formats, although other record companies were notably unenthusiastic about experimenting with new formats.

After the war, Philips built a large factory in [[Doetinchem]] to produce 78 rpm records. Recording took place in Hilversum, whereas development took place in Eindhoven.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

=== Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950–1962 ===
In the 1940s, the record business was spread out within Philips: research in the [[Eindhoven]] labs, development elsewhere in Eindhoven, recording in [[Hilversum]], manufacturing in [[Doetinchem]], distribution from [[Amsterdam]], and exports from Eindhoven. During the late 1940s, Philips combined its various music businesses into '''Philips Phonografische Industrie''' ('''PPI'''), a wholly owned subsidiary.

PPI's early growth was based on alliances. A merger was first proposed with Decca of London in late 1945, but was rejected by [[Edward Lewis (Decca)|Edward Lewis]], Decca's owner. (PolyGram finally acquired Decca in 1980.)

In the early 1950s, Philips set itself the goal of making PPI the largest record company in Europe.

PPI's second attempt at a merger was with [[Deutsche Grammophon]] Gesellschaft (DGG). DGG, owned by [[Siemens|Siemens AG]], and well known for its classical repertoire, had been the German licensee for Decca from 1935. DGG also owned [[Polydor Records]]. Shortly after PPI was founded it had made a formal alliance with DGG to manufacture each other's records, coordinate releases, and refrain from poaching each other's artists or bidding against each other for new talent. PPI and DGG finally merged in 1962.

The alliance with DGG still left PPI without repertoire in Britain or the United States. But in 1951, after [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] had failed to renew its international distribution agreement with [[EMI]], PPI agreed to distribute Columbia recordings outside the United States. Columbia became PPI's distributor within the US. This agreement ran until 1961 when Columbia set up its own European network. PPI signed a worldwide distribution deal with [[Mercury Records]] in 1961. PPI's parent company Philips, through its U.S. affiliate '''Consolidated Electronics Industries Corp''' (a.k.a. '''Conelco'''), acquired Mercury in 1962.

PPI built or bought factories in smaller countries. In 1962, PPI had a large factory in [[Baarn]] and factories in France, Britain, Denmark, Norway, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Nigeria, and Brazil.

PPI played an important role in the introduction of the long-playing vinyl record to Europe. Columbia introduced their [[gramophone record|LP record]] in 1948, and Philips presented its first LP at a record retailers' convention in 1949. Philips' commitment to LP technology was an important factor in its 1951–1961 deal with Columbia.<ref>Bakker, p.17. "Philips' commitment to the LP technology was an important factor for Columbia's willingness to enter the long-term alliance with PPI in 1950. "</ref>

=== GPG and PolyGram, 1962–1980 ===
In 1962, PPI and DGG formed the '''Grammophon-Philips Group''' ('''GPG''') as a joint-venture holding company, with Philips taking a 50% share in DGG and Siemens a 50% share in PPI. In 1971, the UK record labels of Philips, Fontana, Mercury, and Vertigo were amalgamated into a new company called '''Phonogram, Ltd.''' In 1972, Grammophon-Philips Group reorganized all its operations and was renamed '''The PolyGram Group''' (in some countries, like Argentina, its name was Phonogram), of which Philips and Siemens each owned 50%. In 1977, both organizations merged operationally, integrating the recording, manufacturing, distribution and marketing into a single organization.

The various record labels within PolyGram continued to operate separately. PolyGram gave its labels, as A&R organizations, great autonomy.

After the merger, PolyGram began to move into the US and UK markets, and did so by a process of both formation and acquisition: [[Polydor Records]] established its American operations, Polydor Incorporated in 1969, [[Mercury Records|Mercury]] Record Productions (US) was acquired in 1972 from sister company '''North American Philips Corp.''', and became Phonogram, Inc. [[MGM Records]] and [[Verve Records|Verve]] (US) were acquired in 1972. Subsequent PolyGram acquisitions included those of [[RSO Records|RSO]] (UK) in 1975, a 50% stake in [[Casablanca Records|Casablanca]] (US) in 1977 (with the remaining 50% in 1980), [[Pickwick Records|Pickwick]] in 1978, and [[Decca Records|Decca]] (UK) in 1980 (the latter acquisition basically brought PolyGram full circle, see the HDD section above). PolyGram acquired United Distribution Corporation (UDC) in 1973, and changed its name to Phonodisc, Inc., and signed international distribution deals with [[MCA Records|MCA]] and [[20th Century Fox Records|20th Century Records]] in 1976.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Philips had been at work on a new consumer [[magnetic tape]] format for music. The Philips [[Compact Cassette]] was introduced in 1963. It was small and could play longer than an LP. In 1965 the cassette accounted for 3% of revenues, growing in 1968 to 8% and in 1970 to 10.6%.

In the late 1960s, and through the 1970s, GPG/PolyGram diversified into film and television production and home video. RSO's successes included ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]'' and ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]''. PolyGram's highly successful marketing during the [[disco]] craze included the Casablanca FilmWorks production ''[[Thank God It's Friday (film)|Thank God It's Friday]]'' (1978) and its associated soundtrack. During the boom in disco, PolyGram's US market share had grown from 5% to 20%. This can also be attributed to multi-million selling albums and 45s by the [[Bee Gees]], [[Donna Summer]], the [[Village People]], [[Andy Gibb]], [[Kool & the Gang]], and rock band [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]]. For a short while in the late 1970s, it was the world's largest record company.<ref>Bakker, p.26. "During the disco-boom, Polygram's US market share had jumped from five to twenty percent. For a few years, it was the world's largest record company."</ref>

In 1969, PolyGram established a direct mail-order business in the UK, [[Britannia Music Club]], which ran till 2007.<ref>Billboard - 25 Dec 1999 - 1 janv. 2000 - Page 90 "In the year ending in June, both companies are said to have had combined sales of $460 million and an operating profit of $50 million. Sales of $480 million are forecast for the year to June 2000. Britannia, launched in 1969 by Poly Gram, has ..."</ref>

=== Reorganization, 1980–1999 ===
Before 1978, PolyGram was losing money. When US operations were running at full capacity, PolyGram expanded aggressively, and would press large quantities of records without knowing the demand. In late 1979, PolyGram was caught off guard by the sudden end of the popularity of disco music, leaving it with an underutilized distribution network, profligate labels, and over optimistic product orders. PolyGram's Casablanca label was known for management spending on lavish industry parties and luxury cars. After 1980, PolyGram's losses had spiraled upwards of US$220 million.

Another contributing factor to PolyGram's financial woes was the massive failure of the big budget musical ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (film)|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band]]'' (1978). The film starred the [[Bee Gees]] and [[Peter Frampton]] at the height of their popularity, and featured [[the Beatles]] covers by them as well as [[Aerosmith]], [[Billy Preston]], and [[Earth, Wind & Fire]]. The film was highly anticipated to surpass the [[box office]] success of both the ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]'' and ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'', mostly due to its popular music stars. The soundtrack LP, based on only advance orders, was released triple platinum.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} The movie was released to poor reviews and died at the box office. Despite its triple platinum start, the soundtrack LP's sales bombed after the film's release. In turn, record dealers flooded PolyGram with returned LPs. The resulting losses nearly wiped out the profits the company had made on both the ''Saturday Night Fever'' and ''Grease'' soundtracks. The company took further loses when the disco craze ended in 1979 and record sales for both the Bee Gees and Casablanca's [[Village People]] plummeted. PolyGram also experienced losses with the defection of Casablanca's [[Donna Summer]] to newly formed [[Geffen Records]] as well as the dropping of [[Andy Gibb]], whose personal problems with cocaine and alcohol began to affect his recording career, from RSO. Summer and the Bee Gees also had legal disputes with their labels which further complicated matters. Summer ended her contract with PolyGram in 1980, and was awarded the rights to her songwriting catalog by the courts; she owed them one more album, and finished out her contract by recording her album ''She Works Hard For The Money'' (from which the title track was a huge hit in 1983).

In 1980, after PolyGram bought the other 50% of Casablanca Records and Filmworks, PolyGram renamed its existing Casablanca Records & Filmworks unit as [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment|PolyGram Pictures]] with [[Peter Guber]] becoming chairman of the company.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1980-03-29 |title=PolyGram Insures Home Video Base |pages=9 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1980/1980-03-29-Billboard-Page-0009.pdf}}</ref> During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies.

In 1981, Philips executive Jan Timmer became a member of the Group Management of PolyGram and was appointed president and chief executive officer of newly formed parent company, PolyGram International Ltd. in 1983. He cut the workforce from 13,000 to 7,000, reduced PolyGram's LP and cassette plants from eighteen to five, and decreased the company's dependence on superstars by spreading the repertoire across different genres and nurturing national and regional talent. Also by 1983, PolyGram's U.S. roster of labels included:
* Polydor
* Mercury
* London
* London/FFRR
* Casablanca (until 1986, later to be reincarnated in 1994)
* RSO
* De-Lite
* Riva
* Threshold (owned by the Moody Blues)
* Total Experience (founded by Lonnie Simmons, from 1981 to 1984)
* Atlanta Artists (founded by Cameo lead singer Larry Blackmon)
...which were all consolidated into '''PolyGram Records, Inc.''' (now UMG Recordings, Inc.) In 1981, PolyGram launched domestic television syndication unit '''PolyGram Television''' (unrelated to the latter day incarnation that became [[Universal Television|Universal Worldwide Television]] in 1997), but it was soon folded after two years.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1983-05-09|title=PolyGram to fold|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/83-OCR/BC-1983-05-09-OCR-Page-0062.pdf|access-date=2021-09-20}}</ref>

Under its newly reorganized form, PolyGram decided to discontinue Philips as a pop and rock label in the UK and much of Europe, though it was still frequently issued records in France and South East Asia, where it issued many albums and singles by Chinese and Hong Kong pop artists. The majority of PolyGram's rock and pop music signings went to Mercury and Polydor. Philips became part of PolyGram Classics as a classical music label along with Decca Records and Deutsche Grammophon. By 1985, PolyGram had returned to profitability.

[[Wing Records]] was reincarnated in 1987 and became a very popular label over the following years, spawning the careers of [[Tony! Toni! Toné!]] and former [[Miss America]], [[Vanessa Williams]]; the label was discontinued in the mid-1990s. Fontana was revived in the U.S. in 1989, but only for a short while. Today, [[Fontana Distribution]] is an independent label distribution unit of Universal Music Group. [[Vertigo Records]] still remained a rare U.S. PolyGram label, as most of its music was from Europe.

In April 1982, PolyGram assumed operational and managerial control of [[20th Century Fox Records]] from [[20th Century Fox|its similarly named parent]], which had just recently been bought out by oil magnate [[Marvin Davis]], who was not interested in keeping the record company.<ref>{{cite news|title=PolyGram, 20th Tie Seen As Foundation For Buyout|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=1982-04-10|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1982/1982-04-10-Billboard-Page-0003.pdf|accessdate=2023-04-18}}</ref> The assets of the former 20th Century Fox Records were fully acquired by the firm in July 1982,<ref>{{cite news|title=PolyGram Firms 20th Ownership|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=1982-07-24|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1982/1982-07-24-Billboard-Page-0010.pdf|accessdate=2023-04-18}}</ref> and subsequently were consolidated with the Casablanca label.

After an attempted 1983 merger with [[Warner Music Group|Warner Elektra Atlantic]] failed, Philips bought 40% of PolyGram from Siemens, acquiring the remaining 10% in 1987.

In 1985, former CBS and Columbia executive [[Dick Asher]] was named president and CEO of PolyGram.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/18/business/business-people-polygram-records-names-president.html |title=BUSINESS PEOPLE; Polygram Records Names President |work=The New York Times |date=1985-10-18 |access-date=2021-01-27}}</ref> Asher was formerly the attorney for [[Don Kirshner]]'s [[Aldon Music]] music publishing company.

The CD, invented by Philips and [[Sony]], helped greatly in boosting the company's sales and market share. PolyGram's strength in classical music helped greatly, as many of the CD's early adopters were classical music lovers. Total US sales of CDs were $1 million in 1983, $334 million in 1990 and $943 million in 2000. Total UK sales were $300,000 in 1983, $51 million in 1990 and $202 million in 2000. The CD increased PolyGram's profit margin from 4-6% in the mid-1980s to 7-9% by the early 1990s. As well, videos were distributed by '''PolyGram Video'''.

In 1988, Philips acquired the remaining 50% of PolyGram from long-time partner Siemens and later in 1989, floated 16% of PolyGram on the Amsterdam stock exchange, valuing the whole company at $5.6 billion. PolyGram embarked on a new program of acquisitions, including [[A&M Records|A&M]]<ref>{{cite news|title= PolyGram buys A&M Records for $500 million|work= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date=1989-09-15|url= https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/09/15/PolyGram-buys-AM-Records-for-500-million/9559621835200/|accessdate=2023-04-18}}</ref> and [[Island Records]]<ref>{{cite news|title= Polygram Will Buy Island Records for About $300 Million|work= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date=1989-07-28|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-28-fi-294-story.html|accessdate=2023-04-18|first=William K.|last=Knoedelseder, Jr.}}</ref> in 1989, Swedish company [[Polar Music]] which held the rights to the [[ABBA]] catalogue, [[Motown]] and [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] in 1994 and [[Rodven Records|Rodven]] (Venezuela) in 1995.

In 1990, after acquiring both Island and A&M, [[Alain Levy]], (then) executive vice-president of PolyGram N.V., re-organized the U.S. operations of PolyGram Records, Inc. into a new expanded conglomerate: '''PolyGram Group Distribution, Inc.''' In addition to overseeing the sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution of music and video products created by PolyGram, PGD was also responsible for supervising a number of other divisions within PolyGram (U.S.) such as: PolyGram Music Group, PolyGram Video, PolyMedia, PolyGram Special Markets, PolyGram Merchandising, Independent Label Sales (ILS) and New Media & Business Development.

PolyGram and [[Granada TV]] formed a joint venture, Big Picture Productions, in 1990 as a music programing firm which, at Cannes in 1990, purchased exclusive international distribution rights to ''Brown Sugar'' (The two-hour special featured black female performers and was hosted by [[Billy Dee Williams]]) from the New York–based Gene David Group.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Worldwide deal doings at Cannes|journal=Broadcasting|date=April 30, 1990|page=39|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1990/BC-1990-04-30.pdf|access-date=September 15, 2017|issn=0007-2028}}</ref>

In June 1991, Alain Levy was promoted to worldwide president and CEO of PolyGram N.V.

In 1993, PolyGram purchased the [[Virgin Films|video arm]] of [[Virgin Group]] from [[General Electric Capital]] for $5.6 million and remodeled the label as Vision Video ltd.

In 1995, PolyGram purchased [[ITC Entertainment]] for $156 million.<ref>PolyGram filmed entertainment acquires ITC Entertainment Group. ''Business Wire'' January 10, 1995.</ref><ref>PolyGram buys Itc for $156m. The Times, Wednesday, January 11, 1995; pg. 25</ref>

=== Sale to Seagram and divestiture (1998–1999) ===
In 1996, [[Cor Boonstra]] became CEO of Philips; by the time he took over, Philips was seen as a bloated company, laden with too many layers of management and unrelated companies that they could not leverage effectively. As a result, Boonstra began to sell or dispose of various non-core assets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAN HE FIX PHILIPS? HECK, CAN ANYONE? NEW CEO COR BOONSTRA IS AN OUTSIDER WHO TALKS A GOOD TURNAROUND GAME FOR THE ELECTRONICS GIANT--BUT MAY HAVE TO MOVE FASTER. - March 31, 1997 |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1997/03/31/224067/index.htm |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=money.cnn.com}}</ref> While Philips began to withdraw from other media activities, Boonstra denied that PolyGram was for sale.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Variety Staff |date=1997-07-22 |title=Philips quitting media biz, except for Polygram stake |url=https://variety.com/1997/biz/news/philips-quitting-media-biz-except-for-polygram-stake-1116676468/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> However, by early 1998, he had changed his attitude, instead deciding to pursue a manufacturing-only business plan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Week |first=Marketing |date=1998-06-11 |title=Why Phillips must sharpen up its act |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/why-phillips-must-sharpen-up-its-act/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=Marketing Week |language=en}}</ref> (In hindsight, analysts have pointed out how Philips ultimately benefitted from the manufacture and sale of blank CDs, which played a significant part in the [[music piracy]] that began to affect the industry in the early 2000s.)<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCullen |first=Aidan |date=2023-10-27 |title=Killing Your Business While It's Still Working: That (Kodak) Moment |url=https://theinnovationshow.io/killing-your-business-while-its-still-working-that-kodak-moment/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=The Innovation Show |language=en-GB}}</ref>

After weeks of speculation, on May 22, 1998, Philips announced that they would sell PolyGram to [[Seagram]] for $10 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/seagram-buys-polygram-from-philips-for-106bn-1158030.html|title=Seagram buys PolyGram from Philips for $10.6bn|date=22 May 1998|website=The Independent}}</ref> Some of the reasons cited for the deal were a lack of pop hits from the music side of the company, and an equal lack of box-office successes from the film side.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Eller |first1=Claudia |last2=Philips |first2=Chuck |date=1998-05-07 |title=Philips Puts PolyGram Empire Up for Sale |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-07-fi-47137-story.html |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Alain Levy resigned as CEO of PolyGram on June 23 to prepare for the merger,<ref>{{cite news |title=Chief Executive at Polygram Resigns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/23/business/chief-executive-at-polygram-resigns.html |access-date=5 November 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=23 June 1998}}</ref> and the deal was closed on December 10, 1998, with PolyGram's operations folding into [[Universal Pictures]] and [[Universal Music Group]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deseret.com/1998/12/11/19417434/seagram-absorbs-polygram-creates-world-s-largest-music-company |title=Seagram absorbs Polygram, creates world's largest music company |date=11 December 1998}}</ref>

Seagram however, was only interested in PolyGram's music division, and in October 1998 they announced that they would begin divesting PolyGram's entertainment assets, while the remainder would be folded into Universal Pictures.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-09-fi-30635-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |first=Claudia |last=Eller |title=Seagram May Settle for Sale of Film Library |date=October 9, 1998}}</ref> Prior to this announcement, the company announced the sale of their 75% stake in children's distributor [[Abbey Home Entertainment]] back to its original founders and the acquisition of Astrion plc.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9wkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68 |title=P'Gram Video Making Moves In U.K. Market |date=18 July 1998 }}</ref> On October 23, [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (MGM) agreed to purchase [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment]]'s pre-April 1996 library for $250 million, which included over 1,300 films from various assets PolyGram had acquired within that point, but did not include the [[ITC Entertainment]] library, which was sold on January 19, 1999 to [[Carlton Communications]] for £91 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-23-fi-35357-story.html|title=MGM Agrees to Acquire PolyGram Movie Library|date=23 October 1998|via=LA Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/258411.stm |title=Thunderbirds are going, going, gone |agency=BBC News |date=1999-01-19 |access-date=2013-06-22}}</ref> On April 8, 1999, [[USA Networks]] announced they would purchase PolyGram Filmed Entertainment's domestic division (including PolyGram Video's US and Canada operation), among other assets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-08-fi-25336-story.html|title=USA Will Buy Some Seagram Film Assets|date=8 April 1999|via=LA Times}}</ref> After the sale, the divisions were renamed USA Films and USA Home Entertainment respectively. The assets of [[Slash Records]] and [[London Records]] were sold to [[Warner Music Group]]. What remained of PolyGram was folded into both Universal Music Group and Universal Pictures.<ref>"Universal Music shake-up." ''The Times'', Friday, January 15, 1999</ref>

On February 10, 1999, Universal announced that they would pull out of their [[CIC Video]] and [[United International Pictures]] ventures with [[Paramount Pictures]] and rename PolyGram Filmed Entertainment's international division (including PolyGram Video's international operation) as [[Universal Pictures Home Entertainment|Universal Pictures International]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Carver|first1=Benedict|last2=Dawtrey|first2=Adam|date=1999-02-10|title=U to start int'l distrib|url=https://variety.com/1999/film/news/u-to-start-int-l-distrib-1117491165/|access-date=2022-01-09|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Whilst the home video division rebranding was successful (with CIC being renamed [[Paramount Home Entertainment|Paramount Home Entertainment UK]] toward the end of 1999<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55478353.html|title=Paramount to retain CIC Video operations.|date=1 March 1999|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053538/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55478353.html|archive-date=7 April 2018|url-status=dead|publisher=[[Screen Digest]]}} {{link note|note=Partial rendition of story contained in HighBeam Research archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Groves|first1=Don|date=24 January 2000|title=CIC Video builds new identity after split|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&u=wikipedia&id=GALE|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|volume=377|issue=10|page=24|access-date=6 April 2018|url-access=subscription |via=General OneFile}}</ref>), the theatrical division rebranding would prove to be a failure, as films from the rebranded Universal Pictures International flopped at the box office, the company therefore announced in October 1999 that their operations would be downgraded to the home video market only and renewed their UIP deal with Paramount for five years, the remains of PolyGram's theatrical assets would then be folded into United International Pictures. ''[[Mickey Blue Eyes]]'' would become the last film distributed under the ex-PolyGram unit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petrikin|first=Chris|date=1999-10-15|title=U, Par extend UIP pact|url=https://variety.com/1999/film/news/u-par-extend-uip-pact-1117756685/|access-date=2022-01-09|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref>

The PolyGram name now survives via reissue of music under the Polydor Records label as well as a publishing arm of [[Universal Music Publishing Group]]. The Japanese branches of the PolyGram labels that were absorbed to form [[Universal Music Japan]] and were rebranded: Polydor remained until 2002, when it merged with the Universal label to form Universal J, Kitty Records and Mercury remained until 2000, when they merged and became the short-lived Kitty MME, which later in 2002, moved some artists to Universal J, and in 2004, Kitty MME became Universal Sigma.

== Notable labels ==
* [[A&M Records]] (acquired in October 1989)
* [[Casablanca Records]] (fully acquired in 1980)
* [[Decca Records|Decca Records (British)]] (acquired in January 1980)
* [[Def Jam Recordings]] (acquired in June 1994)
* [[Deutsche Grammophon]]
* [[Fontana Records]]
* [[Island Records]] (acquired in August 1989)
* [[London Records]]
* [[Mercury Records]]
* [[Motown]] (distribution in September 1991 and acquired in August 1993)
* [[Philips Records]]
* [[Phonogram Inc.]]
* [[Polar Music]] (acquired in 1989)
* [[Polydor Records]]
* [[Slash Records]]
* [[Total Experience Records]]
* [[Vertigo Records]]

== See also ==
* [[List of record labels]]
* [[Working Title Films]]
* [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment]]
* [[Chocolate City Records]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* Bakker, Gerben. "The Making of a Music Multinational: The International Strategy of PolyGram, 1945-1988." ''Business History Review'' 80:1 (Spring 2006), pp. 81–123. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090316114817/http://www.essex.ac.uk/AFM/research/working_papers/WP03-12.pdf preprint])

== External links ==
* [https://www.polygramentertainment.com/ Official Website]

{{Music industry}}
{{Philips}}
{{Siemens}}
{{Universal Music Group}}
{{NBCUniversal}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:American record labels]]
[[Category:Philips]]
[[Category:Siemens]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1929]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1962]]
[[Category:Record labels disestablished in 1998]]
[[Category:Re-established companies]]
[[Category:Universal Music Group]]
[[Category:Universal Pictures]]
[[Category:Film production companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Film production companies of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Film production companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1929]]
[[Category:Dutch companies established in 1929]]

The Big Fisherman

2025-05-12T12:27:29Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|1959 film}}
{{For|the 1948 historical novel|The Big Fisherman (book)}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Big Fisherman
| image = Bigfishpos.jpg
| caption = [[Film poster]] by [[Reynold Brown]]
| director = [[Frank Borzage]]
| screenplay = [[Howard Estabrook]] and [[Rowland V. Lee]]
| based_on = the novel by [[Lloyd C. Douglas]]
| producer = Rowland V. Lee
| starring = [[Howard Keel]] [[Susan Kohner]] [[John Saxon]] [[Martha Hyer]] [[Herbert Lom]]
| cinematography = [[Lee Garmes]], [[A.S.C.]]
| editing = [[Paul Weatherwax]], [[American Cinema Editors|A.C.E.]]
| music = [[Albert Hay Malotte]]
| studio = Centurion Films, Inc. Rowland V. Lee Production
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Film Distribution Company]]
| released = {{Film date|1959|08|04|US}}
| runtime = 180 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $4 million<ref name=Variety>{{cite magazine|title=Rowland V. Lee Brings in 'Big Fisherman'|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 4, 1959|page=20|url=https://archive.org/details/variety213-1959-02?view=theater#page/n19/mode/1up|access-date=July 5, 2019|via=[[Archive.org]]}}</ref>
| gross = $3 million (US/Canada rentals)<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/variety221-1961-01?view=theater#page/n46/mode/1up|title=Rental Potentials of 1960|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 4, 1961|page=47|access-date=April 27, 2019}}</ref>
}}

'''''The Big Fisherman''''' is a 1959 American historical drama film directed by [[Frank Borzage]] about the life of [[Simon Peter]], one of the disciples of Jesus. Starring [[Howard Keel]], [[Susan Kohner]] and [[John Saxon]], the production is adapted from the 1948 [[The Big Fisherman (book)|novel of the same name]] by [[Lloyd C. Douglas]]. The film was shot at [[Universal-International]] studios but released by [[Buena Vista Distribution|Buena Vista]], the film releasing company of [[Walt Disney Productions]].

''[[The Robe]]'' ends with "the Big Fisherman" as a nickname for Peter;<ref>[https://widescreenmovies.org/Highlights/epic.htm Hayes, John. "The Epic That Disappeared: ''The Big Fisherman''" ''Widescreen Movies Magazine'' (last revised 6 November 2009)]</ref> Jesus called him "the fisher of men" and "the Rock".

==Plot==
The story traces Peter's journey from self-sufficient fisherman to his dependency on a risen Christ. It also presents another story of redemption and forgiveness, as he takes in a young Arab/Jewish girl, Fara. As they both learn of Jesus, it changes their lives.

The young Fara discovers that she is the daughter of [[Herod Antipas]] who married and shortly discarded her Arab mother [[Phasaelis (princess)|Arnon]] in favor of [[Herodias]]. Disguised as a boy, Fara goes to Galilee to assassinate Antipas in revenge.

Robbed by bandits, Fara is discovered by [[John the Baptist]] who advises her to listen to the great teacher, Jesus. She comes under the protection of Peter but persists in her vows to kill Antipas. She manages to be employed in Antipas' household to translate a series of prophecies.

Fara and Peter hear Jesus teaching. Fara turns away when he urges nonviolence. Peter is initially cynical, but in stages is drawn to become his disciple.

Fara gains an opportunity to kill Antipas, and reveals her identity to him. As Peter watches, Antipas urges her not to sink to murder. Fara recalls the words of Christ, and lowers her knife. Peter declares her free of her own chains.

Peter takes Fara to Arabia where they rescue Voldi, an Arab prince who wishes to marry her. However, Fara realises that her mixed race would jeopardize his future rule, so she leaves with Peter to spread the word of peace.

==Cast==
* [[Howard Keel]] as [[Simon-Peter]]
* [[Susan Kohner]] as Fara
* [[John Saxon]] as Voldi
* [[Martha Hyer]] as [[Herodias]]
* [[Herbert Lom]] as [[Herod Antipas]]
* [[Ray Stricklyn]] as Deran
* [[Marian Seldes]] as [[Phasaelis (princess)|Arnon]]
* [[Alexander Scourby]] as David Ben-Zadok
* [[Beulah Bondi]] as Hannah
* Jay Barney as [[John the Baptist]]
* Charlotte Fletcher as Rennah
* Mark Dana as Zendi
* [[Rhodes Reason]] as [[Saint Andrew|Andrew]]
* [[Henry Brandon (actor)|Henry Brandon]] as Mencius
* [[Brian Hutton (actor)|Brian Hutton]] as [[John the Apostle|John]]
* [[Thomas Troupe]] as [[James, son of Zebedee|James]]
* [[Marianne Stewart]] as Ione
* [[Jonathan Harris]] as Lysias
* [[Leonard Mudie]] as Ilderan
* [[James Griffith]] as The beggar
* Peter Adams as Phillip ([[Herod II|Herod Philip]])
* Jo Gilbert as Deborah
* [[Michael Mark (actor)|Michael Mark]] as Innkeeper
* Joe Di Reda as Assassin
* [[Stuart Randall (actor)|Stuart Randall]] as [[Aretas IV Philopatris|Aretas]]
* [[Herbert Rudley]] as [[Tiberius]]
* [[Phillip Pine]] as [[Lucius of Cyrene|Lucius]]
* [[Francis McDonald]] as Scribe spokesman
* Perry Ivins as [[Pharisee]] spokesman
* [[Ralph Moody (actor)|Ralph Moody]] as Aged Pharisee
* Jony Jochim as [[Sadducee]] spokesman
* Don Turner as Roman captain

==Production==
The film was [[Rowland V. Lee]]'s first in over 10 years.<ref name=Variety/> It was shot in [[Super Panavision 70]] (the first film so credited) by [[Lee Garmes]]. The original music score was composed by [[Albert Hay Malotte]], an American composer who is best known for his musical setting of [[The Lord's Prayer]], composed in 1935, and introduced on radio that year by [[John Charles Thomas]].

Though originally rejected by [[Walt Disney]] because of its religious tone, the film was supported by [[Roy O. Disney|Roy Disney]], and was distributed by [[Buena Vista (brand)|Buena Vista]], making it one of the few religious films ever associated with the [[Disney Company]].

It was shot on location in the San Fernando Valley in California. Portions were shot at La Quinta, California.<ref name=Niemann>{{Cite book
| last = Niemann
| first = Greg
| title = Palm Springs Legends: creation of a desert oasis
| publisher = [[Sunbelt Publications]]
| year = 2006
| location = San Diego, CA
| pages = 286
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RwXQGTuL1M0C&pg=PA169
| isbn = 978-0-932653-74-1
|oclc=61211290}} ([https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0516/2005021837.html here for Table of Contents])</ref>{{rp|168–71}}<ref>{{AFI film|52830|The Big Fisherman}}</ref>

After having starred in a number of [[MGM]] film musicals from 1950 (''[[Annie Get Your Gun (film)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'') to 1955 (''[[Kismet (1955 film)|Kismet]]''), Howard Keel switched to straight acting roles with the 1958 British noir thriller ''[[Floods of Fear]]'', followed by ''The Big Fisherman''. He starred or co-starred in six additional features (four of which were westerns) between 1961 and 1968 and made his final appearance in a 2002 film, playing a supporting role.

John Saxon was borrowed from [[Universal Pictures|Universal]].<ref name="filmink">{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|title=The Top Twelve Stages of Saxon|date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> It was the last film that Borzage completed.

==Reception==
''Variety'' called it "pious but plodding."<ref>[https://archive.org/details/variety215-1959-07/page/n6/mode/1up?q=%22john+saxon%22 Review of film] at ''Variety''</ref>

''[[Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide]]'' (2012 edition) gave ''The Big Fisherman'' 2½ stars out of 4, describing it as a "sprawling religious epic" and deciding that it is "seldom dull, but not terribly inspiring." ''[[Steven H. Scheuer's Movies on TV and Videocassette]]'' (1993–1994 edition) also settled on 2½ stars out of 4, writing that "the story of Simon called Peter" "unfolds with predictable pageantry and uplifting sermonizing".

Assigning 2 stars (out of 5), ''[[The Motion Picture Guide]]'' (1987 edition) found it to be "long, often-enraging and totally miscast" with "a nonsinging Keel as Saint Peter". Evaluating the presentation as "just so much biblical nonsense because such liberties are taken that any serious student of the life and surrounding events will take exception," the write-up declares that "Douglas wrote the novel but made the mistake of entrusting it to the wrong people." After pointing out the film's "numerous technical mistakes: microphone boom shadows, klieg lights, Martha Hyer's vaccination mark", the ''Guide'' concludes that "to make a love story the focal point of such a potentially dynamic saga of history's most memorable era was a bad decision. One of the rare bummers by Disney in those years."<ref>''The Motion Picture Guide'' (Chicago, 1987), volume I, page 193</ref>

[[Leslie Halliwell]] in his ''Film and Video Guide'' (5th edition, 1985) dismissed it as a "well-meaning but leaden adaptation of a bestselling novel which followed on from ''The Robe''. He concluded that it is "too reverent by half, and in many respects surprisingly incompetent." Halliwell's quoted ''[[Monthly Film Bulletin]]'' ("its overall flatness of conception and execution is a stiff price to pay for the lack of spectacular [[sensationalism]] characterizing its fellow-epics") and ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' ("the picture is three hours long, and, except for those who can be dazzled by big gatherings of props, horses and camels, it is hard to find three minutes of entertainment in it").

==Running time==
''Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide'' (2012 edition) notes that the film's running time was originally 184 minutes, then cut to 164 minutes then to 149 minutes.

==Awards and honors==
The film was nominated for three [[Academy Awards]]:
* [[Lee Garmes]] for [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
* [[Renié]] for [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
* [[John DeCuir]] and [[Julia Heron]] for [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction (color)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{AFI film|52830|The Big Fisherman}}
* {{IMDb title|id=0052627|title=The Big Fisherman}}
* {{TCMDb title|68656|The Big Fisherman}}
* [https://movies.tvguide.com/miracle-in-the-rain/review/106944 ''The Big Fisherman''] at ''[[TV Guide]]'' (a longer form of this 1987 write-up was originally published in ''The Motion Picture Guide'')
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=the-big-fisherman|title=The Big Fisherman}}
* ''[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks04/0400641h.html The Big Fisherman]'' (e-book) available freely at the ''[[Project Gutenberg]] of Australia'' website.

{{Frank Borzage|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Big Fisherman, The}}
[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:American historical drama films]]
[[Category:1950s historical drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Gospels]]
[[Category:1959 drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Frank Borzage]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Saint Peter]]
[[Category:Films based on American novels]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Howard Estabrook]]
[[Category:American religious epic films]]
[[Category:1950s English-language films]]
[[Category:1950s American films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Herod Antipas]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Tiberius]]
[[Category:English-language historical drama films]]

Template:Frank Borzage

2025-05-12T12:25:56Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Navbox
| name = Frank Borzage
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = Films directed by [[Frank Borzage]]
|listclass = hlist

| list1 =
* ''[[That Gal of Burke's]]'' (1916)
* ''[[Flying Colors (1917 film)|Flying Colors]]'' (1917)
* ''[[Society for Sale]]'' (1918)
* ''[[Prudence on Broadway]]'' (1919)
* ''[[Humoresque (1920 film)|Humoresque]]'' (1920)
* ''[[The Duke of Chimney Butte]]'' (1921)
* ''[[Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford (1921 film)|Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford]]'' (1921)
* ''[[Billy Jim]]'' (1922)
* ''[[The Pride of Palomar]]'' (1922)
* ''[[The Age of Desire]]'' (1923)
* ''[[Children of Dust]]'' (1923)
* ''[[Secrets (1924 film)|Secrets]]'' (1924)
* ''[[The Lady (1925 film)|The Lady]]'' (1925)
* ''[[Daddy's Gone A-Hunting (1925 film)|Daddy's Gone A-Hunting]]'' (1925)
* ''[[Lazybones (1925 film)|Lazybones]]'' (1925)
* ''[[The Circle (1925 film)|The Circle]]'' (1925)
* ''[[Marriage License?]]'' (1926)
* ''[[The Dixie Merchant]]'' (1926)
* ''[[Early to Wed]]'' (1926)
* ''[[7th Heaven (1927 film)|7th Heaven]]'' (1927)
* ''[[Street Angel (1928 film)|Street Angel]]'' (1928)
* ''[[Lucky Star (1929 film)|Lucky Star]]'' (1929)
* ''[[They Had to See Paris]]'' (1929)
* ''[[The River (1929 film)|The River]]'' (1929)
* ''[[Liliom (1930 film)|Liliom]]'' (1930)
* ''[[Song o' My Heart]]'' (1930)
* ''[[Doctors' Wives (1931 film)|Doctors' Wives]]'' (1931)
* ''[[Bad Girl (1931 film)|Bad Girl]]'' (1931)
* ''[[After Tomorrow]]'' (1931)
* ''[[Young as You Feel (1931 film)|Young as You Feel]]'' (1931)
* ''[[Young America (1932 film)|Young America]]'' (1932)
* ''[[A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)|A Farewell to Arms]]'' (1932)
* ''[[Secrets (1933 film)|Secrets]]'' (1933)
* ''[[Man's Castle]]'' (1933)
* ''[[No Greater Glory]]'' (1934)
* ''[[Little Man, What Now? (1934 film)|Little Man, What Now?]]'' (1934)
* ''[[Flirtation Walk]]'' (1934)
* ''[[Living on Velvet]]'' (1935)
* ''[[Stranded (1935 film)|Stranded]]'' (1935)
* ''[[Shipmates Forever]]'' (1935)
* ''[[Desire (1936 film)|Desire]]'' (1936)
* ''[[Hearts Divided]]'' (1936)
* ''[[Green Light (1937 film)|Green Light]]'' (1937)
* ''[[History Is Made at Night (1937 film)|History Is Made at Night]]'' (1937)
* ''[[Big City (1937 film)|Big City]]'' (1937)
* ''[[Mannequin (1937 film)|Mannequin]]'' (1937)
* ''[[Three Comrades (1938 film)|Three Comrades]]'' (1938)
* ''[[The Shining Hour]]'' (1938)
* ''[[Disputed Passage]]'' (1939)
* ''[[Strange Cargo (1940 film)|Strange Cargo]]'' (1940)
* ''[[The Mortal Storm]]'' (1940)
* ''[[Flight Command]]'' (1940)
* ''[[Smilin' Through (1941 film)|Smilin' Through]]'' (1941)
* ''[[The Vanishing Virginian]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]'' (1943)
* ''[[His Butler's Sister]]'' (1943)
* ''[[Till We Meet Again (1944 film)|Till We Meet Again]]'' (1944)
* ''[[The Spanish Main]]'' (1945)
* ''[[Magnificent Doll]]'' (1946)
* ''[[I've Always Loved You]]'' (1946)
* ''[[That's My Man]]'' (1947)
* ''[[Moonrise (film)|Moonrise]]'' (1948)
* ''[[China Doll (film)|China Doll]]'' (1958)
* ''[[The Big Fisherman]]'' (1959)
* ''[[Journey Beneath the Desert]]'' (1961)

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:American film director navigational boxes|Borzage Frank]]
</noinclude>

Template:Whitley Strieber

2025-05-10T12:03:49Z

61.21.156.214:

{{navbox
|name = Whitley Strieber
|title = [[Whitley Strieber]]
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|listclass = hlist
|group1 = ''The Hunger'' series
|list1 =
* ''[[The Hunger (Strieber novel)|The Hunger]]'' (1981)
* ''[[The Last Vampire (novel)|The Last Vampire]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Lilith's Dream: A Take of the Vampire Life]]'' (2002)

|group2 = Other fiction
|list2 =
* ''[[The Wolfen]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Black Magic (novel)|Black Magic]]'' (1982)
* ''[[The Night Church]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Warday]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Wolf of Shadows]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Nature's End]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Cat Magic]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Majestic (novel)|Majestic]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Billy (novel)|Billy]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Wild (novel)|The Wild]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Unholy Fire]]'' (1992)
* ''[[The Forbidden Zone (novel)|The Forbidden Zone]]'' (1993)
* ''[[The Day After Tomorrow (Strieber novel)|The Day After Tomorrow]]'' (2004)
* ''[[The Grays (novel)|The Grays]]'' (2006)
* ''[[2012: The War for Souls]]'' (2007)

|group3 = Non-fiction
|list3 =
* ''[[Communion (book)|Communion]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Transformation (book)|Transformation]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Confirmation: The Hard Evidence of Aliens Among Us]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Breakthrough: The Next Step]]'' (1995)
* ''[[The Secret School (book)|The Secret School]]'' (1996)
* ''[[The Coming Global Superstorm]]'' (1999)
* ''[[The Key (2001 book)|The Key]]'' (2001)
* ''[[The Path (Strieber book)|The Path]]'' (2002)

|group4 = Film and TV adaptations
|list4 =
* ''[[Wolfen (film)|Wolfen]]'' (1981)
* ''[[The Hunger (1983 film)|The Hunger]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Communion (1989 film)|Communion]]'' (1989)
* ''[[The Day After Tomorrow]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Hunters (2016 TV series)|Hunters]]'' (2016)

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Strieber, Whitley}}
[[Category:American writer navigational boxes]]
[[Category:Novelist navigational boxes]]
</noinclude>

Deutsche Grammophon

2025-05-09T09:56:00Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|German classical music record label}}
{{infobox record label 
| name = Deutsche Grammophon
| image = Deutsche Grammophon.svg
| image_size =
| parent = [[Universal Music Group]] (UMG)
| founded = {{start date|1898}}
| founder = [[Emile Berliner]]
| distributor = [[Decca Records]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://decca.com/about/|title=Decca Records|work=Decca|access-date=2013-04-05|archive-date=2015-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208100952/http://decca.com/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Verve Records]] (US)
| genre = Classical music

[[Contemporary Classical Music]]
| country = Germany
| location = Stralauer Allee 1 10245 [[Berlin]], Germany
| website = https://www.deutschegrammophon.com/en
| url = {{URL|www.deutschegrammophon.com|deutschegrammophon.com}}
}}
'''Deutsche Grammophon''' ({{IPA|de|ˈdɔʏtʃə ɡʁamoˈfoːn|lang}}; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation [[PolyGram]]. Headquartered in Berlin [[Friedrichshain]], it is now part of [[Universal Music Group]] (UMG) since its merger with the UMG family of labels in 1999. Deutsche Grammophon is the world's oldest surviving established record company.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CQkEAAAAMBAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CQkEAAAAMBAJ/page/n59 36] |title=Billboard – |via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=15 September 1973 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media |access-date=28 February 2013}}</ref> Presidents of the company are Frank Briegmann, Chairman and CEO Central Europe of Universal Music Group and Clemens Trautmann.

==History==
[[File:ConcertRecordGramophone.JPG|thumb|left|Record of Emile Berliner's Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft]]
Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft was founded in 1898 by German-born United States citizen [[Emile Berliner]] as the German branch of his [[Berliner Gramophone]] Company. Berliner sent his nephew [[Joseph Sanders]] from America to set up operations.<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in the nation's capital|page=448}}</ref> Based in the city of [[Hanover]] (the founder's birthplace), the company became a fully owned subsidiary of [[Gramophone Company|the Gramophone Company Ltd.]] in 1900 and an affiliate of the US [[Victor Talking Machine Company]]. After the outbreak of [[World War I]] in 1914, the company seceded from the Gramophone Company.<ref>{{cite book |last=Matland|first=Peter|date= 1997|title=Since Records Began: EMI The First 100 Years|publisher=Batsford |pages=41, 43, 73 |isbn=0-7134-6207-8}}</ref> Though no longer affiliated with Gramophone Company and Victor, Deutsche Grammophon retained the "[[His Master's Voice]]" trademark featuring [[Nipper]] the dog for use in Germany until the late 1940s; for several years following its secession, the company even continued selling recordings made from pre-war matrices owned by the Gramophone Company and Victor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.45worlds.com/78rpm/label/grammophon|title=Grammophon 78 RPM – Label Discography – Germany – 78 RPM World|website=45worlds.com}}</ref>

In 1941, Deutsche Grammophon was purchased by [[Siemens & Halske]]. In 1949, Deutsche Grammophon sold the German rights of the [[His Master's Voice]] trademark to the [[Electrola]] unit of [[EMI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deutschegrammophon.com/en_GB/1940-1949 |title=DG History: The Fifth Decade (1940–1949) |access-date=2016-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081117/http://history.deutschegrammophon.com/en_GB/1940-1949 |archive-date=2016-10-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The dog and gramophone were replaced by the crown of tulips, designed by Siemens advertising consultant Hans Domizlaff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://emil-berliner-studios.comen/chronik3.html|title=About us – Chronicle|publisher=Emil Berliner Studios|access-date=2015-04-07|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729234154/http://www.emil-berliner-studios.com/en/chronik3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The distinctive yellow [[cartouche]] banner, occupying almost a third of each recording's cover, first appeared in 1957<ref>{{cite web | url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-history-of-dg-logos-deutsche-grammophon/cQXhstzNow_IIg?hl=en | title=The History of DG Logos }}</ref> and was a staple of the majority of its full-price recordings until the early years of the 21st century, when it all but disappeared from new releases. It has since enjoyed something of a revival in newer recordings.

In 1962, Siemens formed a joint venture with Netherlands-based [[Philips]] to create the DGG/PPI Record Group, which became [[PolyGram Records]] in 1972. By this time, DGG had built a reputation for high-quality recording in the classical field as well as a notable roster of contracted singers, musicians, and conductors. Through its subsidiary label [[Archiv Produktion]] it also stimulated interest in Western medieval and renaissance music, 15th – 16th century choral polyphony, [[Gregorian chant]], and pioneering use of "historical instruments" and performance practices in recordings.

DGG/[[Polydor]]'s entrance into the US market in 1969 (DGG had previous been distributed in the US by [[Decca Records|Decca]] and [[MGM Records]]) came at a time when the leading US classical music labels [[RCA Red Seal Records|RCA Victor Red Seal]] and [[Columbia Masterworks Records|Columbia Masterworks]] were dropping most of their unlucrative classical artists and pressing inferior quality records. DGG's high quality recordings and pressings attracted artists such as [[Arthur Fiedler]] and the [[Boston Pops Orchestra]] (who had recorded for RCA Victor since 1935) and [[Leonard Bernstein]] (after several years with Columbia) to DGG/Polydor. In 1987, Siemens sold off its interest in PolyGram, and Philips became the majority shareholder. In 1998, the [[Seagram]] company of Canada purchased Deutsche Grammophon and PolyGram on behalf of its [[Universal Music Group]] subsidiary. Since then, UMG was sold and became a division of [[Vivendi]] until its [[Initial public offering|IPO]] in September 2021.

Deutsche Grammophon pioneered the introduction of the compact disc to the mass market, debuting classical music performed by [[Herbert von Karajan]] and the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] for sale in the new medium in 1983, the first recording being Richard Strauss's ''[[Eine Alpensinfonie]]''.

Deutsche Grammophon has a huge back catalogue of notable recordings. The company was reissuing a portion of it in its ''Originals'' series; compact disc releases are noted for their [[vinyl record]] stylized design. It is also releasing some of American [[Decca Records]]' albums from the 1940s and 1950s, such as those that [[Leonard Bernstein]] made for Decca in 1953, and the classic Christmas album that features [[Ronald Colman]]'s starring in ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' and [[Charles Laughton]]'s narrating ''Mr. Pickwick's Christmas''. Along with the American Decca Records classical music catalogue, Deutsche Grammophon also manages the classical music catalogue of [[ABC Records]], including [[Westminster Records]] which, along with American Decca, were part of [[MCA Records]].

Although Deutsche Grammophon acquired the reputation of releasing mainstream classical recordings, from the 1960s onwards it released an increasing number of [[avant-garde]] recordings (initially under the Avant-Garde imprint), including [[Bruno Maderna]], [[David Bedford]], [[Cornelius Cardew]], [[Luigi Nono]] and improvisations. It also released the majority of the compositions of [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]] until the composer bought the rights to the recordings and re-released them on his own label. Other German composers associated with the label included [[Paul Hindemith]] and [[Hans Werner Henze]].

Contemporary composers whose works were released by Deutsche Grammophon include [[Hildur Guðnadóttir]], [[Sofia Gubaidulina]], [[Oliver Knussen]], [[Mark-Anthony Turnage]], [[Mohammed Fairouz]], [[Péter Eötvös]], [[Luigi Nono]], [[Sven Helbig]], [[Jonny Greenwood]], [[Bryce Dessner]], [[Witold Lutosławski]], [[Philip Glass]], [[Vangelis]], [[Tori Amos]] and [[Max Richter]].

The conductor most associated with the label is [[Herbert von Karajan]]. Other conductors under contract included [[Ferenc Fricsay]], [[Carlos Kleiber]], [[Karl Böhm]], [[Karl Richter (conductor)|Karl Richter]], [[Eugen Jochum]], [[Rafael Kubelík]], [[Leonard Bernstein]], [[Pierre Boulez]], [[Claudio Abbado]], [[Jean-Christophe_Spinosi]], and [[Christian Thielemann]]. Recent signings include [[Long Yu]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cullingford |first1=Martin |title=DG signs Long Yu and the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra |url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/classical-music-news/dg-signs-long-yu-and-the-shanghai-symphony-orchestra |website=Gramophone Magazine |access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref> [[Yannick Nézet-Séguin]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Deutsche Grammophon Announces Exclusive Recording Contract with Yannick Nézet-Séguin |url=https://theviolinchannel.com/deutsche-grammophon-announces-new-exclusive-artist-contract-with-yannick-nezet-seguin/ |website=The Violin Channel |date=31 May 2018 |access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref> [[Gustavo Dudamel]], [[Hera Hyesang Park]], and [[Myung-whun Chung]].

The label's ''{{vanchor|Recomposed}}'' series<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ra.co/news/17312|title=Max Richter Recomposes Vivaldi's Four Seasons|quotation=The next edition in the Deutsche Grammophon series takes on one of the most recognizable pieces of music ever written.|website=Ra.co|access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref> features electronic adaptations of classical works.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ra.co/news/11790|title=Herbert recomposes Mahler|quotation=The UK experimentalist is next in line for Deutsche Grammophon's acclaimed series of electronic remixes of classical music.|website=Ra.co|access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref>

In 2022, Deutsche Grammophon and Universal Music Group launched STAGE+, a multimedia streaming service featuring live streams of concerts presented by artists signed to the label, as well as on-demand access to archival video performances of concerts from the label's catalogue and audio streaming of albums from Deutsche Grammophon and Decca Classics, as well as classical albums released on the UMG-distributed [[ECM Records]] label.<ref>{{cite news |title=Music for the Eyes. Magic for the Ears – Deutsche Grammophon Unlocks a New Musical World with the Launch of STAGE+ |url=https://www.deutschegrammophon.com/en/projects/stage-plus/news/music-for-the-eyes-magic-for-the-ears-deutsche-grammophon-unlocks-a-new-musical-world-with-the-launch-of-stage-268336 |publisher=Deutsche Grammophon |date=November 21, 2022}}</ref> Following UMG's 2023 acquisition of [[Hyperion Records]], select Hyperion albums have been added to STAGE+'s library.

==Artists==
* '''Conductors:''' [[Claudio Abbado]], [[Daniel Barenboim]], [[Leonard Bernstein]], [[Karl Böhm]], [[Pierre Boulez]], [[Myung-whun Chung]], [[Gustavo Dudamel]], [[Ferenc Fricsay]], [[Wilhelm Furtwängler]], [[John Eliot Gardiner]], [[Reinhard Goebel]], [[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]], [[Jakub Hrůša]], [[Eugen Jochum]], [[Herbert von Karajan]], [[Carlos Kleiber]], [[Rafael Kubelík]], [[James Levine]], [[Cristian Măcelaru]], [[Igor Markevitch]], [[Zubin Mehta]], [[Andris Nelsons]], [[Hera Hyesang Park]], [[Trevor Pinnock]], [[Mikhail Pletnev]], [[Yannick Nézet-Séguin]], [[Karl Richter (conductor)|Karl Richter]], [[William Steinberg]], [[Christian Thielemann]], [[Long Yu]], [[Jean-Christophe_Spinosi]]
* '''Chamber Ensembles:''' [[Amadeus Quartet]], [[Beaux Arts Trio]], [[Emerson String Quartet]], [[Hagen Quartet]], [[Janáček Quartet]], [[LaSalle Quartet]], [[Melos Quartet]]
* '''Choir and Vocal Ensembles:''' [[Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia]] Chorus, [[Ambrosian Opera Chorus]], [[Arnold Schoenberg Choir]], Bavarian Radio Chorus, [[Bayerische Staatsoper]] Chorus, Chor der [[St.-Hedwigs-Kathedrale]], [[Chicago Symphony Chorus]], [[Deutsche Oper Berlin]] Chorus, [[Eric Ericson]] Chamber Choir, Knabenchor Berlin, [[La Scala]] Chorus, [[Maggio Musicale Fiorentino]] Chorus, [[MDR Rundfunkchor]], [[Metropolitan Opera]] Chorus, [[Monteverdi Choir]], [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]], Radio Chorus of the NOS, [[Hilversum]], [[RIAS Chamber Choir]], [[Sistine Chapel Choir]], [[Sofia National Opera]] Chorus, [[Swedish Radio Choir]], [[Vienna Boys' Choir]], [[Vienna State Opera]] Choir, Vocalensemble Rastatt, [[Wiener Singverein]], [[Zürich Opera House]] Chorus
* '''Orchestras:''' [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]], [[Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra]], [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]], [[Berlin Philharmonic]], [[Chamber Orchestra of Europe]], [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]], [[Concerto Köln]], [[Dresden Staatskapelle]], [[The English Baroque Soloists]], [[The English Concert]], [[Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra]], [[London Symphony Orchestra]], [[Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra]], [[Musica Antiqua Köln]], [[New York Philharmonic]], [[Orchestre National de France]], [[Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique]], [[Orpheus Chamber Orchestra]], [[Philharmonia Orchestra]], [[Vienna Philharmonic]]
* '''Singers:''' [[Ildar Abdrazakov]], [[Roberto Alagna]], [[Ettore Bastianini]], [[Kathleen Battle]], [[Benjamin Bernheim]], [[Grace Bumbry]], [[Montserrat Caballé]], [[Ildebrando D'Arcangelo]], [[Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau]], [[Plácido Domingo]], [[Oralia Domínguez|Oralia Dominguez]], [[Franco Fagioli]], [[Julie Fuchs]], [[Elina Garanca]], [[Matthias Goerne]], [[Gundula Janowitz]], [[Siegfried Jerusalem]], [[Magdalena Kožená]], [[Edith Mathis]], [[Jolanda Meneguzzer]], [[Anna Netrebko]], [[Jessye Norman]], [[Anne Sofie von Otter]], [[René Pape]], [[Patricia Petibon]], [[Anna Prohaska]], [[Thomas Quasthoff]], [[Christine Schäfer]], [[Peter Schreier]], [[Léopold Simoneau|Leopold Simoneau]], [[Antonietta Stella]], [[Rita Streich]], [[Cheryl Studer]], [[Bryn Terfel]], [[Jonathan Tetelman]], [[Camille Thomas]], [[Gerhard Unger]], [[Rolando Villazón]], [[Fritz Wunderlich]], [[Teresa Żylis-Gara]]
* '''Pianists:''' [[Pierre-Laurent Aimard]], [[Giuseppe Albanese]], [[Géza Anda]], [[Martha Argerich]], [[Daniel Barenboim]], [[Rafał Blechacz]], [[Rudolf Buchbinder]], [[Seong-Jin Cho]], [[Đặng Thái Sơn]], [[Christoph Eschenbach]], [[Friedrich Gulda]], [[Hélène Grimaud]], [[Clara Haskil]], [[Vladimir Horowitz]], [[Walter Gieseking]], [[Emil Gilels]], [[Wilhelm Kempff]], [[Evgeny Kissin]], [[Lang Lang]], [[Yundi Li]], [[Bruce Liu]], [[Jan Lisiecki]], [[Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli]], [[Víkingur Ólafsson]], [[Alice Sara Ott]], [[Murray Perahia]], [[Maria João Pires]], [[Menahem Pressler]], [[Ivo Pogorelić]], [[Maurizio Pollini]], [[André Previn]], [[Max Richter]], [[Sviatoslav Richter]], [[Francesco Tristano Schlimé]], [[Rudolf Serkin]], [[Grigory Sokolov]], [[Daniil Trifonov]], [[Anatol Ugorski]], [[Yuja Wang]], [[Alexis Weissenberg]], [[Ingolf Wunder]], [[Krystian Zimerman]]
* '''Violinists:''' [[Yuri Bashmet]], [[Lisa Batiashvili]], [[Renaud Capuçon]], [[María Dueñas (violinist)|María Dueñas]], [[Joshua Epstein (violinist)|Joshua Epstein]], [[Christian Ferras]], [[David Garrett]], [[Reinhard Goebel]], [[Hilary Hahn]], [[Daniel Hope]], [[Bomsori Kim]], [[Gidon Kremer]], [[Daniel Lozakovich]], [[Nathan Milstein]], [[Mikhail Simonyan]], [[Shlomo Mintz]], [[Anne-Sophie Mutter]], [[Itzhak Perlman]], [[Nemanja Radulović]], [[Vadim Repin]], [[Wolfgang Schneiderhan (violinist)|Wolfgang Schneiderhan]], [[Gil Shaham]], [[Esther Yoo]], [[Pinchas Zukerman]]
* '''Cellists:''' [[Pierre Fournier]], [[Mischa Maisky]], [[Truls Mørk]], [[Siegfried Palm]], [[Mstislav Rostropovich]], [[Kian Soltani]]
* '''Trumpet:''' [[Maurice André]], [[Philip Jones (musician)|Philip Jones]], [[Adolph Herseth]], [[Wynton Marsalis]], [[Rafael Méndez]], [[Philip Smith (musician)|Philip Smith]], [[Pierre Thibaud]]

==Catalogue Series==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
* 100 Years [[Salzburger Festspiele]]
* 20/21
* [[Archiv Produktion]] (Early and Baroque music)
* The Artist's Album
* Classic Opera
* Classical Bytes
* Complete Beethoven Edition
* Claudio Abaddo Complete Recordings on DG and Decca
* Bach 333 Complete Edition (with Decca)
* Carlos Kleiber Complete Recordings on DG
* Centenary Collection
* Conductors & Orchestras
* Collectors Edition
* Classical Choice
* Classikan
* DG 111
* DG 120
* DG 2 CD
* Edge
* Entrée
* The Essentials
* Ferenc Friscay Complete Recordings on DG
* First Choice
* Galleria
* Grand Prix (recipients of [[Grand Prix du Disque]])
* John Eliot Gardiner Complete Recordings on DG and Archiv
* Karajan 1960s, 1970s, 1980s
* Karajan Choral and Sacred Recordings
* Karajan Complete Recordings On DG And Decca
{{Col-break}}
* Karajan Master Recordings
* Karajan Gold
* Karajan Symphony Edition
* Karl Bohm Complete Orchestral Recordings on DG
* Rafeal Kubelik The Complete Recordings on DG
* Lorin Maazel Complete Recordings on DG
* Martha Argerich The Collection
* Marhta Argerich The Complete Recordings on DG
* Mozart 225 Complete Edition (with Decca, 200 CD set)
* "Mozarts Meisterwerke" - Mozart Master Works (25 CDs)
* LA Phil 100 Years
* LA Phil Live
* The Leonard Bernstein Collection
* Leonard Bernstein Complete Recordings on DG and Decca
* Opera House
* Oper auf Deutsch
* Original Masters
* The Originals - Legendary Recordings
* Spotlight
* Steinway Legends
* Trio (3 CD sets)
* Weekend Classics
* Westminster Legacy
* [[Wilhelm Kempff]] Edition
* [[Wolfgang Schneiderhan (violinist)|Wolfgang Schneiderhan]] Complete Recordings on DG
* The Works
* Virtuoso
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Deutsche Grammophon}}
* {{Official website|https://www.deutschegrammophon.com/en}}

{{Universal Music Group}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|52.49785|N|13.4619|E|dim:25km_region:DE-BE_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Classical music record labels|Deutsche Grammophon Records]]
[[Category:German record labels]]
[[Category:Universal Music Group]]
[[Category:Labels distributed by Universal Music Group]]
[[Category:Record labels established in 1898]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Companies based in Berlin]]

Orgazmo

2025-05-08T22:45:07Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|1997 film by Trey Parker}}
{{for|the 1969 Italian film|Orgasmo}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Orgazmoposter.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Trey Parker]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Matt Stone]]
* [[Jason McHugh]]
* [[Fran Rubel Kuzui]]
}}
| writer = Trey Parker
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Trey Parker
* Matt Stone
* [[Dian Bachar]]
* Robyn Lynne
* Michael Dean Jacobs
}}
| music = [[Paul Robb]]
| cinematography = Kenny Gioseffi
| editing = {{Plainlist|
* Michael R. Miller
* Trey Parker
}}
| production_companies = Avenging Conscience<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/61496|title=Orgazmo (1998)|work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]]|access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref>
| distributor = [[October Films]]<ref name=afi/>
| released = {{Film date|1997|9|6|[[1997 Toronto International Film Festival|Toronto]]|1998|10|23|United States}}
| runtime = 94 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=''ORGAZMO'' (18)|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/orgazmo-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmde0mzy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310105618/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/orgazmo-1970-0|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 10, 2015|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=2013-06-19}}</ref>
| country = United States<ref name=afi/>
| language = English
| gross = $602,302<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3412493825/weekend/ | title=Orgazmo (1998) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]] | date=November 26, 1998 | access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref>
}}
'''''Orgazmo''''' is a 1997 American [[Superhero film|superhero]] [[sex comedy]] film written, directed and edited by [[Trey Parker]] and produced by [[Matt Stone]], [[Jason McHugh]], and [[Fran Rubel Kuzui]]. It stars Parker, Stone, [[Dian Bachar]], Robyn Lynne, and Michael Dean Jacobs. The plot follows Joe Young (Parker), a devout [[Mormon]] missionary who, to pay for his and his fiancée's dream wedding and home, acts in a [[pornographic film]] as the superhero Orgazmo with his side-kick Choda Boy (Bachar).

==Plot==
[[Missionary (LDS Church)|Mormon missionary]] Joseph Young, assigned with his mission partner to [[Los Angeles]], finds the city to be a hostile and unenthusiastic place for their work. The problems worsen when they knock on the door of sleazy porn director Maxxx Orbison and several security guards are sent to dispose of them. Joe defeats them all singlehandedly with a variety of [[martial arts]] skills. Impressed by his performance and bored by his current project's lead actor, Orbison attempts to hire Joe to play the title character and lead of his pornographic superhero film, ''Orgazmo''. Joe is conflicted because of his religious beliefs, but the $20,000 salary offered would pay for a wedding in the temple in [[Utah]] where his fiancée Lisa has expressed a strong desire to wed. After learning that a [[stunt cock]] would stand in for him during explicit close-up scenes, Joe reluctantly accepts despite being given a very clear sign from God to refuse.

Joe finds the crew of the film intimidating but befriends co-star Ben Chapleski, a technical genius and [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] alumnus who works in the pornographic industry to satiate his overactive libido. He plays Orgazmo's sidekick Choda Boy, who assists Orgazmo with specially designed [[sex toys]], including Orgazmo's signature weapon, the Orgazmorator, a ray gun that forces orgasm upon whomever it is fired. Ben invites Joe to his home and shows Joe a real Orgazmorator he has built, and he and Joe spend an evening using it on unsuspecting citizens for amusement.

At a sushi bar owned by Ben's Japanese friend G-Fresh, the two witness a group of thugs vandalizing the bar to force out G-Fresh so their dance club next door can expand. Later, when Ben and Joe are gone, G-Fresh is coerced to leave after the same thugs assault him. Upon finding this out, Joe and Ben don costumes and use their film props and the Orgazmorator to sneak into the club and steal back the contract G-Fresh was forced to sign. Joe is agitated after nearly being shot in the head, but Ben is excited by being a real superhero.

''Orgazmo'' becomes an amazing success, both financially and critically, and Orbison withholds Joe's paycheck to keep him in town long enough to announce a sequel. Tempted by a doubled salary, Joe is confronted by Lisa, who has found out what he has been doing and leaves him. Facing production difficulties and harassment from Orbison's unsympathetic nephew A-Cup, Joe tries to back out of the project, but Orbison refuses. When Joe stands up to him, Orbison has Lisa kidnapped. Ben realizes the thugs who assaulted G-Fresh work for Orbison, and he joins Joe in storming Orbison's mansion before Lisa can be forced to perform in one of Orbison's films.

Fighting through Orbison's group of henchmen, Joe and Ben meet their match in A-Cup. Joe encourages Ben to unleash his long-[[Repressed memory|repressed]] Hamster Style discipline of martial arts, allowing Ben to beat A-Cup. After repairing his damaged Orgazmorator, Joe repeatedly shoots Orbison with it, incapacitating him and capturing all the henchmen. Ben blows up the mansion with another device, the "Cock Rocket", destroying Orbison's base of operations. Joe and Lisa reconcile, and she gives him her blessing to remain in Los Angeles and continue being a hero alongside Ben.

A doctor tells Orbison that after so many orgasms in a row, his testicles have swollen to the size of oranges, and surgical removal is the only option. A now insane Orbison declares revenge on Orgazmo and becomes the personification of A-Cup's character, who is immune to the Orgazmorator: Neutered Man.

==Cast==
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Trey Parker]] as Joe Young/Orgazmo
* [[Dian Bachar]] as Ben Chapleski/Choda Boy
** Robert Lansing as Young Ben
* Robyn Lynne Raab as Lisa
* Michael Dean Jacobs as Maxxx Orbison
* [[Matt Stone]] as Dave The Lighting Guy
* Masao Maki as G-Fresh
* [[Toddy Walters]] as Georgi
* [[Ron Jeremy]] as Clark/Jizzmaster Zero
* David Dunn as A-Cup/Neutered Man
* [[Chasey Lain]] as Candi
* [[Juli Ashton]] as Saffi
* [[Shayla LaVeaux]] as Greek Porn Actress
* [[Jill Kelly (actress)|Jill Kelly]] as Nurse
* [[Lloyd Kaufman]] as Doctor
* [[Max Hardcore]] as Award Show Presenter
* [[Christi Lake]]
* [[Jeanna Fine]]
* Jacklyn Lick
* Mike Eaton as Meatfish
* [[Melissa Hill]]
* [[Serenity (actress)|Serenity]]
{{Div col end}}

==Release==
''Orgazmo'' premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19981023/2779157/orgazmo-porn-story-of-corrupted-innocence-fumbles-is-repetitious|title='Orgazmo': Porn Story Of Corrupted Innocence Fumbles, Is Repetitious|last=Hartl|first=John|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|date=October 23, 1998|access-date=July 30, 2018}}</ref> The [[Motion Picture Association of America]] gave the film an [[Motion Picture Association film rating system#X replaced by NC-17|NC-17]] rating, resulting in a very [[limited release]] in the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1998/film/news/mpaa-orgazmo-stays-nc-17-1117481204/|title=MPAA: 'Orgazmo' stays NC-17|last=Cox|first=Dan|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=October 8, 1998|access-date=July 30, 2018}}</ref> An unrated version was released on the two-sided DVD set along with the theatrical version; it is two minutes shorter than the original 94-minute release. The film was released via [[Blu-ray]] on May 12, 2015. This includes both versions of the film and all the features from the DVD.

==Critical reception==
As of September 2022, the review-aggregation website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gave the film a score of 48% and an average rating of 4.90/10 based on 33 reviews. The website's critical consensus read: "More juvenile than provocative, ''Orgazmo'' may have enough good-natured raunch to satisfy writer-director Trey Parker's fans, but its satire is too soft to compete with the ''South Park'' co-creator's best work."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/orgazmo?name_order=asc |title=Orgazmo |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=September 18, 2020}}</ref> As of September 2020, the film had a score of 48 out of 100 on [[Metacritic]] based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{cite web|title=Orgazmo (1998)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/orgazmo/|website=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=September 18, 2020}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] gave the film half a star out of four, arguing that ''Orgazmo'' had little of the clever wit Parker and Stone brought to ''South Park'' and calling it "callow, gauche, obvious and awkward, and designed to appeal to those with similar qualities".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/orgazmo-1998 |title=Orgazmo |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=October 23, 1998 |work=[[Chicago Sun Times]] |access-date=June 4, 2010}}</ref> On the other hand, [[James Berardinelli]] gave the film three out of four stars, calling it "crude, rude, profane, and funny" and the kind of movie that makes "for a great event at parties".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://preview.reelviews.net/movies/o/orgazmo.html |title=Orgazmo |last=Berardinelli |first=James |date= |work=[[ReelViews]] |access-date=June 4, 2010}}</ref>

''Orgazmo'' has been deemed a [[cult film]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Robinson|first1=Tasha|title=Orgazmo: Unrated Special Edition|url=https://www.avclub.com/orgazmo-unrated-special-edition-1798200625|access-date=April 8, 2018|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=April 26, 2005}}</ref> mostly by fans of ''[[South Park]]'', which Parker and Stone subsequently released to critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olson|first1=Christopher J.|title=100 Greatest Cult Films|year=2018 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|location=United States|isbn=9781442208223|page=34}}</ref> Its reception and [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system|rating]] by the [[MPAA]] is discussed in the 2006 documentary ''[[This Film Is Not Yet Rated]]''.

==See also==
{{Portal|Film|Latter Day Saint movement}}
* ''[[Bat Pussy]]''
* ''[[Flesh Gordon]]''
* [[Portrayals of Mormons in popular media]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0124819|Orgazmo}}

{{Trey Parker and Matt Stone}}

[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:1990s parody films]]
[[Category:1990s satirical films]]
[[Category:1990s sex comedy films]]
[[Category:1990s superhero comedy films]]
[[Category:1997 comedy films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:American satirical films]]
[[Category:American sex comedy films]]
[[Category:American superhero films]]
[[Category:Erotic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films about pornography]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:1997 independent films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Trey Parker]]
[[Category:Films produced by Matt Stone]]
[[Category:Films set in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Trey Parker]]
[[Category:Mormonism in fiction]]
[[Category:Rogue (company) films]]
[[Category:Works about Mormon missionaries]]
[[Category:Works by Trey Parker and Matt Stone]]
[[Category:1990s American films]]
[[Category:Metafictional works]]
[[Category:English-language independent films]]
[[Category:English-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:English-language sex comedy films]]

Bobby Deerfield

2025-05-06T10:54:53Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|1977 film}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{unreliable sources|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bobby Deerfield
| image = Bobby deerfield.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sydney Pollack]]
| producer = Sydney Pollack
| screenplay = [[Alvin Sargent]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Heaven Has No Favorites]]'' 1961 novel|[[Erich Maria Remarque]]}}
| starring = [[Al Pacino]] [[Marthe Keller]] [[Anny Duperey]]
| music = [[Dave Grusin]]
| cinematography = Henri Decaë
| editing = [[Fredric Steinkamp]]
| studio = [[Columbia Pictures]] [[Warner Bros.]] [[First Artists]]
| distributor = Columbia Pictures (United States) Warner Bros. (International)
| released = {{Film date|1977|09|29|US}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $6,400,000
| gross = $9,300,000 {{small|(US)}}<ref name="mojo"/>
}}
'''''Bobby Deerfield''''' is a 1977 American [[romantic drama]] film directed by [[Sydney Pollack]] and starring [[Al Pacino]] and [[Marthe Keller]]. Based on [[Erich Maria Remarque]]'s 1961 novel ''[[Heaven Has No Favorites]]'', it is about a famous American race car driver on the European circuit who falls in love with an enigmatic Swiss woman who is terminally ill.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web|title=Bobby Deerfield |website=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075774/ |accessdate=January 23, 2012}}</ref> Pacino was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama]].<ref name="imdbawards">{{cite web|title=Awards for Bobby Deerfield |website=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075774/awards |accessdate=January 23, 2012}}</ref> The movie uses clips from the [[1976 Formula One season]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/154743/de-niro-and-boyega-to-star-in-netflix-f1-film|title=De Niro and Boyega to star in Netflix F1 film The Formula|last=Cooper|first=Adam|work=[[Autosport]]|date= 25 January 2021|access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{more plot|date=November 2024}}
[[Formula One]] auto racer Bobby Deerfield is a calculating, control-obsessed loner who has become used to winning the checkered flag on the track. But when he witnesses a fiery crash that kills a teammate and seriously wounds a competitor, he becomes unsettled by thoughts of death.

During a visit to the survivor, Deerfield's world is further set askew when he meets Lillian Morelli, a quirky, impulsive woman who is racing against time after being diagnosed with terminal cancer.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Al Pacino]] as Bobby Deerfield
* [[Marthe Keller]] as Lillian Morelli
* [[Anny Duperey]] as Lydia
* [[Walter McGinn]] as The Brother
* [[Romolo Valli]] as Uncle Luigi
* Stephan Meldegg as Karl Holtzmann
* [[Jaime Sánchez (actor)|Jaime Sánchez]] as Delvecchio
* [[Norm Nielsen]] as The Magician
* [[Mickey Knox]] as Tourist
* Dorothy James as Tourist
* [[Guido Alberti]] as Priest in the Garden
* Monique Lejeune as Catherine Modave
* Steve Gadler as Bertrand Modave
* Van Doude as The Flutist
* Aurora Maris as Woman in the Gas Station
* [[Gérard Hernandez]] as Carlos Del Montanaro
* Maurice Vallier as Priest
* [[Antonino Faà di Bruno]] as Vincenzo
* [[André Valardy]] as Autograph Hound
* [[Féodor Atkine]] as Tommy (as Fédor Atkine)
* Patrick Floersheim as Mario
* Bernie Pollack as Head Mechanic
* [[Al Silvani]] as Mechanic
* Isabelle de Blonay as Nurse
* [[Franco Ressel]] as Man with Dog
* Dominique Briand as Reporter<ref name="imdbcast">{{cite web|title=Full cast and crew of Bobby Deerfield |website=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075774/fullcredits#cast |accessdate=January 23, 2012}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Reception==
===Critical response===
The film has a 29% rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on 14 reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bobby Deerfield {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bobby_deerfield |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

Critics panned ''Bobby Deerfield'' as an over-the-top melodrama with a plodding story line; audiences reportedly laughed at scenes intended to be dramatic. Race-film fans, expecting another ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'' or ''[[Le Mans (film)|Le Mans]]'', were disappointed that the story did not play out on the race track. However, the action footage was filmed by racing [[cinematographer]]s during the 1976 Formula One season and featured actual drivers, including [[Carlos Pace]], [[Tom Pryce]], [[James Hunt]], [[Patrick Depailler]] and [[Mario Andretti]].

[[Vincent Canby]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' said that it "may turn out to be the year's most cynical movie made by people who know better, including Sydney Pollack, the director, and Alvin Sargent, who wrote the screenplay".

''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' magazine stated that it was a "classic example of a Hollywood director being struck down by a lethal 'art' attack as soon as he sets foot in Europe".

===Box office===
''Bobby Deerfield'' grossed $9,300,000 in the United States on a budget of $5.6 million, failing to recover its costs and classifying it as a flop.<ref name="mojo">{{cite web|title=Bobby Deerfield |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2034664961/ |accessdate=August 5, 2013}}</ref>

===Awards and nominations===
* 1978 Golden Globe Award Nomination for Best Motion Picture Actor, Drama (Al Pacino)<ref name="imdbawards"/>

==See also==
* [[List of American films of 1977]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0075774|Bobby Deerfield}}
* {{TCMDb title|69269|Bobby Deerfield}}
* {{AFI film|55902}}

{{Sydney Pollack}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1977 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:American romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sydney Pollack]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Erich Maria Remarque]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. films]]
[[Category:American auto racing films]]
[[Category:Films about diseases and disorders]]
[[Category:Films based on German novels]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dave Grusin]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Alvin Sargent]]
[[Category:Films produced by Sydney Pollack]]
[[Category:1970s English-language films]]
[[Category:1970s American films]]
[[Category:English-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]
[[Category:First Artists films]]

Template:Sydney Pollack

2025-05-06T10:52:17Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Navbox
|name = Sydney Pollack
|title = Films directed by [[Sydney Pollack]]
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|listclass = hlist
|list1 =
* ''[[The Slender Thread]]'' (1965)
* ''[[This Property Is Condemned]]'' (1966)
* ''[[The Scalphunters]]'' (1968)
* ''[[Castle Keep]]'' (1969)
* ''[[They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (film)|They Shoot Horses, Don't They?]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Jeremiah Johnson (film)|Jeremiah Johnson]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Way We Were]]'' (1973)
* ''[[The Yakuza]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Three Days of the Condor]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Bobby Deerfield]]'' (1977)
* ''[[The Electric Horseman]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Absence of Malice]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Tootsie]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Havana (film)|Havana]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Firm (1993 film)|The Firm]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Sabrina (1995 film)|Sabrina]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Random Hearts]]'' (1999)
* ''[[The Interpreter (2005 film)|The Interpreter]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Sketches of Frank Gehry]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Amazing Grace (2018 film)|Amazing Grace]]'' (2018, uncredited)
}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:American film director navigational boxes|Pollack, Sydney]]
</noinclude>

Tantalus Media

2025-05-06T10:15:12Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Australian video game developer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Advert|date=September 2012}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tantalus Media Pty Ltd
| logo = Tantalus Media.png
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1994}}
| founders = {{Unbulleted list|Andrew Bailey|Trevor Nuridin}}
| hq_location_city = [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]], [[Melbourne]]
| hq_location_country = Australia
| num_locations = 3
| num_locations_year = 2022
| key_people = Tom Crago (CEO)
| parent = [[Perfect Entertainment]] (1995–1998) [[Keywords Studios]] (85%; 2021–present)
| divisions = {{Unbulleted list|Tantalus North|Tantalus South}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.tantalus.com.au/}}
}}

'''Tantalus Media''' (formerly '''Tantalus Entertainment''' and '''Tantalus Interactive''') is an Australian [[video game developer]] based in [[Melbourne]]. It was founded in 1994 by [[Video game programmer|programmers]] Andrew Bailey and Trevor Nuridin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/08/29/the-amazing-survival-story-of-tantalus-the-studio-that-ports-your-favourite-games |title=The Amazing Survival Story of Tantalus, The Studio That Ports Your Favourite Games |first=Lucy |last=O'Brien |date=29 August 2016 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=18 March 2021 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108160727/https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/08/29/the-amazing-survival-story-of-tantalus-the-studio-that-ports-your-favourite-games |url-status=live}}</ref> Since its inception, Tantalus has developed almost 100 games and has won multiple game awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-18 |title=Keywords Studios acquires 85% interest in Tantalus Media for up to $46.8 million - NewsnReleases |url=https://newsnreleases.com/2021/03/18/keywords-studios-acquires-85-interest-in-tantalus-media-for-up-to-46-8-million/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> In March 2021, [[Keywords Studios]] acquired 85% of Tantalus Media for {{US$|46.8 million|link=yes}}.<ref name="GIbiz: Tantalus2">{{cite web |last=Dealessandri |first=Marie |date=18 March 2021 |title=Keywords Studios acquires 85% interest in Tantalus Media |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-03-18-keywords-studios-acquires-85-percent-interest-in-tantalus-media |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318141050/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-03-18-keywords-studios-acquires-85-percent-interest-in-tantalus-media |archive-date=18 March 2021 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]]}}</ref>

== History ==
The company was acquired by [[Perfect Entertainment]] some time after its founding. Due to a deal between Perfect Entertainment and Psygnosis, the company was responsible for porting Psgnosis' games from the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] and arcade to the [[Sega Saturn]].<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Rich |last=Leadbetter |title=Manx TT Super Bike |magazine=[[Sega Saturn Magazine]] |issue=17 |publisher=[[Emap International Limited]] |date=March 1997 |page=14}}</ref> Perfect Entertainment sold the company back to its original owners in 1999 after a company restructure; it was renamed Tantalus Interactive. Its first original game was ''[[South Park Rally]]'', released for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Nintendo 64]], and [[Sega Dreamcast]] by Acclaim Entertainment in 2000. The fast pipeline was largely attributed to the existing in-house title - 7th Gear. The development team at Tantalus worked on their first handheld games, concurrently developing ''[[ATV Quad Power Racing]]'' and ''[[Crazy Castle|Woody Woodpecker: Crazy Castle 5]]''. Kemco delayed the latter's release to July 2002, while the title saw the return of director Trevor Nuridin to coding, taking the lead role in its development; they released ''[[Looney Tunes: Space Race|Space Race]]'', their first PS2 game, that same year. They used two cross-platform engines: CRIS for handhelds, with skinned mesh rendering, and the Mercury Engine for new generation consoles in its early years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mobygames.com/company/1761/tantalus-media-pty-ltd/ |title="Tantalus Media pty ltd" |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=3 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403035954/http://www.mobygames.com/company/tantalus-media-pty-ltd |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company changed its name to Tantalus Media in 2007 following a buyout from then-CEO Tom Crago who then immediately sold a share to [[private equity]] company Netus.<ref name=" SMG Blogs">{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.smh.com.au/screenplay/archives//018047.html |title="Sydney Morning Herald Screenplay: Developer Dreams" |access-date=30 November 2008 |archive-date=7 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907205827/http://blogs.smh.com.au/screenplay/archives//018047.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2010, following the completion of the DS & PSP title ''[[Megamind: Ultimate Showdown|Megamind: The Blue Defender]]'', CEO Tom Crago re-acquired the studio from Netus.

CRIS (Character Render Interactive System) was developed by CTO Andrew Bailey following discussions with studio producers Stephen Handbury and Arthur Kakouris for use on the [[Game Boy Advance]] (GBA). Using a unique procedure, it was able to render 3D mesh on the handheld system. CRIS was used mainly in the 2003 GBA title ''[[Top Gear Rally (2003 video game)|Top Gear Rally]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://au.gamespot.com/gba/driving/topgearrally/review.html |title=Top Gear Rally |website=[[GameSpot]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711071825/http://au.gamespot.com/gba/driving/topgearrally/review.html |archive-date=11 July 2011}}</ref> Tantalus won 'Best Game' at the 2003 Australian Game Developer Awards in Melbourne.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tantalus.com.au/news_2003.html |title=Top Gear Rally Award |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706112347/http://www.tantalus.com.au/news_2003.html |archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>

In addition to licensed video games, the developer released two original titles, ''Trickstar'' and ''Black Market Bowling''. In 2005, Tantalus' had two prominent original IP titles that did not manage to attract publisher interest. ''Metal Shell'' was developed into a playable demo, originally a vehicle shoot-'em-up on the [[PlayStation 2]] in 2003. In 2005, new concepts and a short promotional video were developed in-house by the art team, and shown at E3 that year it was promoted as a ''[[Battlefield 1942]]''-type game, set in the future. However, the 2003 promotional video was seen by players of the Toronto-based game's producer, Longbow Digital Arts 'Trademarks' tank combat and racing game, and several issues were flagged up, leading to graphical comparisons drawn in a side-by-side fashion; they were incredibly alike, in one case down to exact sprite design. Tom Crago was contacted directly on the issue and denied any inference of copying Trademarks, despite Tantalus holding all of Treadmarks' source material.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tantalus.com.au/news_2005.html |title=Metal Shell |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328002407/http://www.tantalus.com.au/news_2005.html |archive-date=28 March 2011 }} [https://longbowgames.com/treadmarks/ "Trademarks"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914163056/http://www.longbowgames.com/treadmarks/ |date=14 September 2015 }}</ref>

''Anaka'' was first pitched as a [[jump n run|jump n' run]] title for the [[Game Boy Advance]] in 2003, while only a document existed featuring loose details. In 2005, an animation feature short was made with the help of [[Act3animation]] as part of a pilot for television.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tantalus.com.au/news_2005.html |title=Anaka on NickToons |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328002407/http://www.tantalus.com.au/news_2005.html |archive-date=28 March 2011}}</ref> In 2006, a touch-only Nintendo DS demo was created. Players could control the character indirectly by touching the screen where they wanted them to go. It was a mix between a jump n' run and a traditional [[adventure game]].

The developer's best-performing title was the 2007 girl's horse-riding simulator ''Pony Friends'' for the Nintendo DS, which sold more than 1 million copies, making it the largest-selling single-format game developed in Australia.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} Previous work on the Sony PlayStation developing the title ''[[Mary-Kate and Ashley: Winners Circle]]'' and Equestrian 2001 (Midas) had given the studio the background experience and tools to develop the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/local-hero-20080522-gdseie.html|title=Sydney Morning Herald: Local Hero|date=22 May 2008|access-date=30 November 2008|archive-date=24 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724212259/http://www.smh.com.au/news/articles/local-hero/2008/05/20/1211182806932.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2008, Tantalus was running two studios, and during that time, the studio worked on ''[[Cars Race-O-Rama]]'' and ''MX Reflex'' for the Nintendo DS and PSP, as well as ''Pony Friends 2'' for the Wii & Nintendo DS, and ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'' for the latter system. Shortly after the completion of ''Cars Race-o-Rama'' in 2009, the Brisbane studio started work on the company's first digitally distributed title, ''Drift Street International'', for the Nintendo DSi. Meanwhile, the Melbourne office began ''[[Megamind (video game)|Megamind]]'' for PSP and DS, while also prototyping demos for 360, iPhone, and PS3.

During the last half of 2009 Tantalus Media closed its Brisbane office, while also making much of the staff in the Melbourne office redundant. During the first half of 2010, the company was reduced to a staff of under 18, at a time when many Australian development studios were closing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsumea.com/australasia/australia/news/130510/ign-editorial-on-the-state-of-the-australian-games-industry|title=IGN editorial on the state of the Australian Games Industry | tsumea|access-date=17 March 2011|archive-date=17 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717110628/http://www.tsumea.com/australasia/australia/news/130510/ign-editorial-on-the-state-of-the-australian-games-industry|url-status=live}}</ref> In the decade since Tantalus briefly re-branded to Straight Right, relocated its entire studio and underwent a number of changes which despite keeping the business branding of 'Tantalus'.

== Games ==
{{Cleanup list|section|date=September 2024}}

=== Developer ===
* ''[[Stargate (1995 console video game)|Stargate]]'' (SNES – 1995)
* ''[[Area 51 (1995 video game)|Area 51]]'' (Saturn, PS, Windows – 1995)
* ''[[Wipeout (video game)|Wipeout]]'' (Saturn – 1996)
* ''[[Krazy Ivan]]'' (PS, Saturn, Windows – 1996)
* ''[[Manx TT Super Bike]]'' (Saturn, Windows – 1997)
* ''[[Wipeout 2097]]'' (Saturn – 1997)
* ''[[The House of the Dead (video game)|The House of the Dead]]'' (Saturn, Windows – 1998)
* ''[[South Park Rally]]'' (DC, N64, PS, Windows – 1999)
* ''Equestriad 2001'' (Midas – 2000)
* ''[[Mary-Kate and Ashley: Winners Circle]]'' (Acclaim – 2001)
* ''[[ATV: Quad Power Racing]]'' (PS, GBA – 2002)
* ''Woody Woodpecker in Crazy Castle 5'' (GBA – 2002)
* ''[[Monster Truck Madness]]'' (GBA – 2003)
* ''[[Men in Black II: Alien Escape]]'' (GameCube – 2003)
* ''[[Unreal II: The Awakening]]'' (Xbox – 2003)
* ''[[Top Gear Rally (2003 video game)|Top Gear Rally]]'' (GBA – 2003)
* ''[[The Polar Express (video game)|The Polar Express]]'' (GBA – 2004)
* ''[[The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius: Attack of the Twonkies]]'' (GBA – 2004)
* ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: The Yellow Avenger]]'' (DS – 2005, PSP – 2006)
* ''Trick Star'' (GBA – 2006)
* ''[[MX vs. ATV: On the Edge]]'' (PSP – 2006)
* ''[[Cars Mater-National Championship]]'' (GBA, DS – 2007)
* ''[[MX vs. ATV: Untamed]]'' (PSP, DS – 2007)
* ''[[Pony Friends]]'' (DS – 2007)
* ''[[The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon]]'' (DS – 2008)
* ''[[Pony Friends 2]]'' (Wii, DS, Windows – 2009)
* ''[[MX vs. ATV Reflex]]'' (PSP, DS – 2009)
* ''[[Cars Race-O-Rama]]'' (PSP, DS – 2009)
* ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (video game)|Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'' (DS – 2010)
* ''[[Megamind (video game)]]'' (PSP, DS – 2010)
* ''Super Speed Machines'' (DS – 2010)
* ''[[Ben 10: Galactic Racing]]'' (DS – 2011)
* ''[[Shift 2: Unleashed]]'' (iOS – 2011)
* ''[[Funky Barn]]'' (3DS, Wii U – 2012)
* ''Pony Trails'' (iOS – 2012, Android – 2015)
* ''[[Mass Effect 3: Special Edition]]'' (Wii U – 2012)
* ''[[Deus Ex: Human Revolution Director's Cut]]'' (Wii U – 2013)
* ''[[ZombiU|Zombi]]'' (PS4, Xbox One, Windows – 2015)
* ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD]]'' (Wii U – 2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com.au/2015/11/the-hd-remake-of-twilight-princess-is-being-developed-in-australia/ |title=In Real Life A HD Remake Of Twilight Princess Is Being Developed In Australia |publisher=kotaku.co.au |date=2015-11-12 |access-date=2015-11-12 |archive-date=13 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113235901/http://www.kotaku.com.au/2015/11/the-hd-remake-of-twilight-princess-is-being-developed-in-australia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* ''[[Sonic Mania]]'' (Nintendo Switch – 2017)
* ''[[Rime (video game)|Rime]]'' (Nintendo Switch – 2017)
* ''[[Cities: Skylines]]'' (PS4, Xbox One, Windows 10 - 2017, Nintendo Switch – 2018, Stadia - 2022, Windows, Mac, Linux – took over development in 2024)
* ''[[Age of Empires: Definitive Edition]]'' (Windows – 2018)
* ''[[Stellaris (video game)|Stellaris: Console Edition]]'' (PS4, Xbox One – 2019)
* ''Jupiter & Mars'' (PS4 – 2019)
* ''[[Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition]]'' (Windows – 2019)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stevivor.com/news/aussie-dev-wicked-witch-says-working-age-empires-2/ |title=Aussie devs Wicked Witch, Tantalus working on Age of Empires 2 |last=Wright |first=Steve |date=2019-06-19 |website=Stevivor |language=en-AU |access-date=2019-09-05 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829131153/https://stevivor.com/news/aussie-dev-wicked-witch-says-working-age-empires-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition]]'' (Windows – 2020)
* ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword HD]]'' (Nintendo Switch – 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-14|title=Aussie developers Tantalus return to Hyrule with Skyward Sword HD|url=https://www.vooks.net/aussie-developers-tantalus-return-to-hyrule-with-skyward-sword-hd/|access-date=2021-07-14|website=Vooks|language=en-AU|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106152810/https://www.vooks.net/aussie-developers-tantalus-return-to-hyrule-with-skyward-sword-hd/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Lego 2K Drive]]'' (PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, Windows – 2023)
* ''[[Luigi's Mansion 2 HD]]'' (Nintendo Switch – 2024)
* ''[[Guilty Gear Strive]]'' (Nintendo Switch – 2025)<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2025 |title=The Guilty Gear -Strive- Nintendo Switch Edition was a full game port from our team at Tantalus . |url=https://x.com/KeywordsStudios/status/1882382586594341072 |website=X.com}}</ref>

=== Developed under Black Market Games ===
* ''[[AMF Bowling 2004]]'' – Black Market Games (Xbox – 2003)
* ''Black Market Bowling'' – Black Market Games (PS2 – 2005)
* ''Heat Shield'' – Black Market Games (iOS – 2009)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.tantalus.com.au/ Official website]

{{Keywords Studios}}
{{The Legend of Zelda}}

[[Category:2021 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Australian companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:Australian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:Companies based in Melbourne]]
[[Category:Keywords Studios]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:Video game companies of Australia]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]

Fun Labs

2025-05-06T03:17:18Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Romanian video game developer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Fun Labs Romania SRL
| logo = FunLabsLogo.jpg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1999}}
| parent = [[Maximum Entertainment]] (2023–present)
| founder = 
| hq_location_city = [[Bucharest]]
| hq_location_country = Romania
| key_people =
| products = ''[[List of Cabela's video games|Cabela's]]'' series
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.funlabs.com/|funlabs.com}}
}}

'''Fun Labs Romania SRL''' is a Romanian [[video game developer]] based in [[Bucharest]]. Founded in 1999,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.romaniajournal.ro/business/romania-and-gaming-a-new-job-market-to-discover/ |title=Romania And Gaming: A New Job Market To Discover |date=4 August 2021 |website=Romania Journal |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> it long worked with [[Activision]] on a multitude of projects, including several ''[[List of Cabela's video games|Cabela's]]'' games.

On March 14, 2023, the company was acquired by [[Maximum Entertainment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maximum Entertainment Completes the Acquisition of FUN Labs |url=https://maximument.com/mfn_news/maximum-entertainment-completes-the-acquisition-of-fun-labs/ |access-date=2023-07-12 |language=en}}</ref>

== Games developed ==
* 2001: ''[[Cabela's 4x4 Off-Road Adventure]]'' ([[Personal computer|PC]])
* 2001: ''[[Secret Service (2001 video game)|Secret Service]]'' (PC)
* 2002: ''[[Shadow Force: Razor Unit]]'' (PC)
* 2002: ''[[Cabela's Big Game Hunter]]'' ([[PlayStation 2]])
* 2003: ''[[U.S. Most Wanted: Nowhere to Hide]]'' (PC)
* 2003: ''[[Delta Ops: Army Special Forces]]'' (PC)
* 2003: ''[[Cabela's 4x4 Off-Road Adventure 3]]'' (PC)
* 2003: ''[[Revolution (2003 video game)|Revolution]]'' (PC)
* 2003: ''[[Cabela's Big Game Hunter: 2004 Season]]'' (PC)
* 2003: ''[[Cabela's Deer Hunt: 2004 Season]]'' ([[Xbox (console)|Xbox]], PlayStation 2)
* 2003: ''[[Cabela's Dangerous Hunts]]'' (Xbox, PlayStation 2)
* 2004: ''[[Cabela's Big Game Hunter 2005 Adventures]]'' (PC, Xbox, PlayStation 2)
* 2004: ''[[Rapala Pro Fishing]]'' (PC, Xbox, PlayStation 2)
* 2005: ''[[Cabela's Deer Hunt: 2005 Season]]'' (Xbox)
* 2005: ''[[Cabela's Big Game Hunter 2005 Adventures]]'' (PC, [[GameCube]], Xbox, PlayStation 2)
* 2005: ''[[Cabela's Outdoor Adventures (2005 video game)|Cabela's Outdoor Adventures]]'' (GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox)
* 2005: ''[[Cabela's Dangerous Hunts 2]]'' (PC, GameCube, Xbox, PlayStation 2)
* 2005: ''[[SeaWorld: Shamu's Deep Sea Adventures]]'' (PC, GameCube, Xbox)
* 2006: ''[[Cabela's Dangerous Hunts: Ultimate Challenge]]'' ([[PlayStation Portable]])
* 2006: ''[[Cabela's Alaskan Adventures]]'' (PC, PlayStation 2, [[Xbox 360]])
* 2006: ''[[Rapala Trophies]]'' ([[PlayStation Portable]])
* 2006: ''[[Harley-Davidson: Race to the Rally]]'' (PC, PlayStation 2)
* 2006: ''[[Cabela's African Safari]]'' (PC, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Xbox 360)
* 2006: ''[[Rapala Tournament Fishing]]'' (Xbox 360, [[Wii]])
* 2007: ''[[Cabela's Trophy Bucks]]'' (Wii, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360)
* 2007: ''[[Cabela's Big Game Hunter (2007 video game)|Cabela's Big Game Hunter]]'' (Wii, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360)
* 2007: ''[[Cabela's Monster Bass]]'' (PlayStation 2)
* 2007: ''[[The History Channel: Battle for the Pacific]]'' (Wii, PlayStation 2)
* 2008: ''[[Rapala Fishing Frenzy 2009]]'' (Wii, [[PlayStation 3]], Xbox 360)
* 2008: ''[[Cabela's Dangerous Hunts 2009]]'' (Wii, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)
* 2008: ''[[Championship Paintball 2009]]'' (Wii, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)
* 2008: ''[[Cabela's Legendary Adventures]]'' (Wii, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable)
* 2009: ''[[Cabela's Outdoor Adventures (2009 video game)|Cabela's Outdoor Adventures]]'' (PC, Wii, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)
* 2009: ''[[Chaotic: Shadow Warriors]]'' (Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)
* 2010: ''[[Cabela's Monster Buck Hunter]]'' (Wii)
* 2010: ''[[Cabela's North American Adventures]]'' (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Xbox 360)
* 2010: ''[[Rapala Pro Bass Fishing]]'' (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Xbox 360)
* 2011: ''[[Cabela's Survival: Shadows of Katmai]]'' (PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360)
* 2012: ''[[MIB: Alien Crisis]]'' (PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360)
* 2012: ''[[Cabela's Hunting Expeditions]]'' (PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360, PC)
* 2013: ''[[Angry Birds Trilogy]]'' (Wii, [[Wii U]])
* 2013: ''[[Cabela's African Adventures]]'' (PC, PlayStation 3, [[PlayStation 4]], Wii, Xbox 360, [[Xbox One]])
* 2014: ''Duck Dynasty'' (PC, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One)
* 2015: ''Prototype: Biohazard Bundle'' (PlayStation 4, Xbox One)
* 2015: ''[[Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 5]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)
* 2020: ''[[Stranded Deep]]'' (PlayStation 4, Xbox One)
* 2020: ''[[Unturned]]'' (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, [[Xbox Series X/S]])
* 2021: ''Open Country'' (PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://505games.com/games/open-country/|title = 505 Games » Open Country}}</ref>
* 2021: ''[[Nerf Legends]]'' (PC, PlayStation 4, [[PlayStation 5]], Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Purslow|first=Matt|date=11 August 2021|title=Nerf: Legends Is a Sci-Fi Shooter Fully Loaded With the Classic Dart Guns|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/nerf-legends-fps-announced|access-date=11 August 2021|website=[[IGN]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.funlabs.com/}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Video game companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Romanian companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Video game companies of Romania]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bucharest]]
[[Category:2023 mergers and acquisitions]]

Popeye the Sailor (film)

2025-05-05T07:41:35Z

61.21.156.214: /* Production notes */

{{about|the 1933 cartoon|the 1980 live action film|Popeye (film)}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Popeye the Sailor with Betty Boop
| image = Popeyepilot TC.png
| caption =
| director = [[Dave Fleischer]]
| story =
| animator = [[Seymour Kneitel]] [[Don Figlozzi]] [[Roland Crandall]] [[Willard Bowsky]] William Henning George Germanetti Orestes Calpini
| starring = [[Billy Costello (actor)|Billy Costello]] [[William Pennell]] [[Bonnie Poe]]
| music = [[Sammy Timberg]] [[Sammy Lerner]] Tot Seymour Vee Lawnhurst
| producer = [[Max Fleischer]] [[Adolph Zukor]]
| studio = [[Fleischer Studios]]
| distributor = [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Publix Corporation]]
| released = {{Film date|1933|07|14}}
| color_process = [[Black-and-white]] [[Color]] (1985 redrawn color version)<ref>{{cite web |title=Popeye the Sailor (1933, Colorized) |publisher=DailyMotion: Pac-man-boy-97 |date=13 July 2017 |url= https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1ppe93}}</ref>
| runtime = 7:37
| country = United States
| language = English
}}

'''''Popeye the Sailor''''' (titled onscreen as '''''Popeye the Sailor with Betty Boop'''''{{cn|date=February 2025}}) is a 1933 [[animated short]] produced by [[Fleischer Studios]] and distributed by [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Publix Corporation]]. While billed as a ''[[List of Betty Boop films and appearances#Betty Boop series|Betty Boop]]'' cartoon, it was produced as a vehicle for [[Popeye]] in his debut animated appearance.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lenburg |first1=Jeff |title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons |date=1999 |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=0-8160-3831-7 |edition=2nd |access-date=June 6, 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816038312/page/54/mode/2up |pages=54}}</ref>

== Summary ==
The cartoon begins with stock film footage of newspapers rolling off a printing press. The front page of one of the newspapers appears, with a headline declaring that Popeye has become a [[movie star]]. The camera zooms in on the illustration of Popeye, which then comes to life, as Popeye (voiced by [[Billy Costello (actor)|Billy Costello]]) sings about his amazing prowess in his signature song "[[I'm Popeye the Sailor Man]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toontracker.com/lyrics/popeye%20lyrics.htm |title=Popeye Lyrics|website=Toon Tracker|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030807155329/http://www.toontracker.com/lyrics/popeye%20lyrics.htm|archive-date=August 7, 2003}}</ref>

On land with his nemesis [[Bluto]] (voiced by [[William Pennell]]), the two sailors vie for the affections of [[Olive Oyl]] (voiced by [[Bonnie Poe]]). Popeye takes Olive Oyl to a carnival and pays the peacock 10¢ but Bluto blows off all of the peacock's feathers. They play two games, the [[high striker]] and [[African dodger]], with Popeye "winning" both times and then they watch [[Betty Boop]] (also voiced by Bonnie Poe) doing the [[hula]]. Popeye jumps up on stage, wraps the bearded lady's beard around his waist for a [[grass skirt]], and dances with Betty, mimicking her movements. He is then bit by a snake, but then tranquilizes it with his pipe.

Bluto then abducts Olive Oyl and ties her to a railroad track, using the track itself as "ropes", in order to cause a [[train wreck]] to kill Olive, where a train is approaching. Popeye fights Bluto, but initially loses, but then eats [[spinach]] and then punches Bluto, causing him to get trapped in a nailed coffin. He then punches the approaching engine and its baggage car and coaches in the "face", and wrecks the whole train in a crushing halt and sparing Olive's life, because of the can of spinach he ate.

== Production notes ==
* This short also introduces the song "[[I'm Popeye the Sailor Man]]", written by [[Sammy Lerner]], loosely based on the first two lines of the "Pirate King" song in [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]'s operetta, ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]''. It would eventually become Popeye's theme song, with a portion of its instrumental appearing over the opening credits. For this cartoon, and at least one following it, the opening credits theme was an extended instrumental of "[[The Sailor's Hornpipe]]" (of which only the first bar was used in the later cartoons) followed by a vocal variation on "Strike Up the Band (Here Comes a Sailor)" substituting the words "for Popeye the Sailor" in the latter phrase. The song was sung twice in the opening credits of this cartoon, first by a deep-voiced singer who sounds like Bluto, and then by [[Bonnie Poe]] (as the voice of Betty Boop). It was also heard in the science-fiction film ''[[Alien Resurrection]]'' (1997) when it is whistled by Dom Vriess. "[[Barnacle Bill (song)|Barnacle Bill]]" is used as the recurring theme for Bluto.
* The animation sequence with Popeye singing was reused in the ''[[Screen Songs]]'' cartoon ''[[Let's Sing with Popeye]]''.
* The locomotive featured is a [[2-4-2]] (American type steam locomotive). These types of steam trains with their wheel arrangement were used most common on [[rail transportation in the United States|U.S. railroads]] from the 1830s through 1928.
* It is the only ''Betty Boop'' cartoon to feature Popeye.
** It is also the only ''Betty Boop'' cartoon not currently owned by [[Paramount Pictures]] through [[Republic Pictures|Melange Pictures]] as it is owned by [[Warner Bros.]] through [[Turner Entertainment Co.]] as part of the ''Popeye'' cartoons.
** Unlike the other ''Betty Boop'' redrawn colorized cartoon shorts, the 1985 redrawn color version of the short was produced by [[MGM/UA Entertainment Co.]] as part of the ''Popeye'' cartoons.
* Popeye was one of several newspaper cartoons that the Fleischers animated (the others included [[Otto Soglow]]'s ''[[The Little King]]'' and [[Carl Thomas Anderson]]'s ''[[Henry (comics)|Henry]]'').<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Markstein|first=Donald D. |url=https://www.toonopedia.com/popeye.htm |title=Popeye the Sailor |encyclopedia=[[Don Markstein's Toonopedia]]|access-date=October 23, 2020}}</ref> In order to increase the chance of Popeye's success, the short was billed as a ''Betty Boop'' cartoon, though she is only featured briefly. The short has also been released as ''Betty Boop Meets Popeye the Sailor''.

== Edits ==
* When shown on [[MeTV]] in 2021, the African dodger scene was cut.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0024461|Popeye the Sailor}}

{{Popeye}}
{{Betty Boop films}}

[[Category:Popeye the Sailor theatrical cartoons]]
[[Category:Betty Boop cartoons]]
[[Category:1930s American animated films]]
[[Category:1933 animated short films]]
[[Category:American comedy short films]]
[[Category:Animated crossover films]]
[[Category:Fleischer Studios short films]]
[[Category:Paramount Pictures short films]]
[[Category:Short films directed by Dave Fleischer]]
[[Category:1930s English-language films]]
[[Category:American animated short films]]
[[Category:American crossover films]]
[[Category:English-language short films]]
[[Category:American animated black-and-white films]]

U.M. & M. TV Corporation

2025-05-05T07:40:47Z

61.21.156.214: /* Deals */

{{Short description|Defunct American television syndicator}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2014}}

{{Infobox company
| type = [[Film distributor]]
| name = U.M. & M. TV Corporation
| logo = UM&M.jpg
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1954}}
| defunct = {{end date and age|1957}}
| successor = [[National Telefilm Associates]]
| fate = Acquired by [[National Telefilm Associates]]
| location =
| industry = Television
| revenue =
| operating_income =
}}
'''U.M. & M. TV Corporation''' was an American media company best known as the original purchaser of the pre-October 1950 short films and cartoons produced by [[Paramount Pictures]], excluding ''[[Popeye the Sailor (film series)|Popeye]]'' and ''[[Superman (1940s animated film series)|Superman]]''. The initials stand for '''United Film Service''' (which once employed [[Walt Disney]] and other animators many years earlier), '''MPA TV''' (Motion Picture Advertising Service) of New Orleans, and '''Minot T.V.'''

Operations of the three above-mentioned companies were consolidated into a new company, U.M. & M., in October 1954. The companies were previously producing TV commercials. Matty Fox, head of Motion Pictures for Television, signed a ten-year agreement with U.M. & M. to handle sub-distribution of its TV series.<ref>Box Office October 9, 1954 issue</ref>

U.M. & M. handled the physical distribution of the television series ''[[Paris Precinct]]'' and ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1954 TV Series)|Sherlock Holmes]]'', and others. It did not market the shows, leaving the actual syndication to Guild Films.

== Deals ==
In 1955, [[Paramount Pictures]] announced it was selling its short films and cartoons, and even a few of its features, including the [[Max Fleischer]] animated features ''[[Gulliver's Travels (1939 film)|Gulliver's Travels]]'' and ''[[Mr. Bug Goes to Town]]''.

Represented by A. W. Schwalberg, a former Paramount sales executive, U.M. & M. won the bid on December 28, 1955, buying 1,600 short subjects for $3.5 million.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Adams|first=Val|date=1955-12-28|title=STUDIO MAY SELL 1,600 FILMS TO TV; Paramount and UM&M Near Accord on Sale of Movie Shorts for $3,500,000 (Published 1955)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/12/28/archives/studio-may-sell-1600-films-to-tv-paramount-and-umm-near-accord-on.html|access-date=2020-10-08|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014193748/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/12/28/archives/studio-may-sell-1600-films-to-tv-paramount-and-umm-near-accord-on.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Box Office, December 3, 1955, page 36.</ref> U.M. & M. got most of the pre-October 1950 material that Paramount put up for sale except for the ''Popeye'' cartoons (including the ''[[List of Betty Boop films and appearances#Betty Boop series|Betty Boop]]'' cartoon ''[[Popeye the Sailor (film)|Popeye the Sailor]]''), which were sold to [[Associated Artists Productions]] and are now owned by [[Warner Bros.]] through [[Turner Entertainment Co.]], and the ''Superman'' cartoons, due to their rights reverting from Paramount to National Periodical Publications (now [[DC Comics]]) after the studio's film rights to the character expired.

The material that U.M. & M. obtained from Paramount also included many live action short subjects, such as [[Cab Calloway]] and [[Duke Ellington]] shorts from the 1930s. [[Burns and Allen]] shorts were also included, as well as an early short, ''[[Singapore Sue]]'', featuring a young [[Cary Grant]].

Other short subjects included in the sale included the following:
* ''[[Out of the Inkwell|Inkwell Imps]]'' (the Max Fleischer Ko-Ko the Clown cartoons that were originally distributed by Paramount)
* ''[[Screen Songs]]'' (except the last six shorts which were sold to [[Harvey Films]] and are now owned by [[DreamWorks Classics]])
* ''[[Talkartoons]]'' (early Paramount sound cartoon series)
* ''[[List of Betty Boop films and appearances#Betty Boop series|Betty Boop]]''
* ''[[Color Classics]]''
* ''[[Gabby (film series)|Gabby]]''
* ''[[Stone Age Cartoons]]''
* ''[[Animated Antics]]''
* The Fleischer two-reelers ''[[Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy (1941 film)|Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy]]'' and ''[[The Raven in popular culture#Film|The Raven]]''
* Almost all ''[[Noveltoons]]'' released prior to October 1950 (including three early appearances from [[Casper the Friendly Ghost|Casper]] and the first five ''[[Little Audrey]]'' shorts)
* ''[[Little Lulu#Short films|Little Lulu]]'' shorts produced by [[Famous Studios]]
* [[George Pal]] ''[[Puppetoons]]''
* ''[[Speaking of Animals and Their Families|Speaking of Animals]]'' shorts produced by [[Jerry Fairbanks]] (now owned by Shields Pictures)

The latest-released cartoon in the package was the ''Screen Songs'' cartoon, ''Boos in the Nite'', released September 22, 1950. A total of 513 animated productions (shorts and features) from Fleischer, Famous, and George Pal were included in the package. The package was eyed by [[NBC]] for airing nationally, but this deal apparently fell through. [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] would air a repackaging of many Paramount cartoons released after September 1950 once these cartoons were sold to [[Harvey Comics|Harvey Films]].

== Retitling and marketing the Paramount shorts ==
At the insistence of Paramount Pictures, who did not want their company name or mountain logo appearing on television at the time, U.M. & M. replaced the Paramount logo with its (usually) blue shield logo, and removed all references to Paramount Pictures, except for the phrase "[[Adolph Zukor]] presents". It is believed that U.M. & M. and NTA did not figure that TV viewers would link Zukor's name with Paramount Pictures, which Zukor founded. However, some U.M. & M. and NTA prints would indeed omit or black out Zukor's name.

U.M. & M. color prints of Paramount cartoons usually have the opening credits listed in yellow print on a red background. Eventually, U.M. & M. started preserving the original credits, but continued to remove references to Paramount, [[Technicolor]], [[Cinecolor]], and [[Polacolor]] since the television prints were done in either [[Eastmancolor]] or [[DeLuxe Color|Deluxe]]. The Eastmancolor prints generally have faded to red.

For the black-and-white cartoons and shorts, U.M. & M. removed the Paramount logos from the original negatives and substituted its opening logo and an end card reading "A U.M. & M. TV Corp. Presentation" for the Paramount mountain. The Paramount copyright was replaced with the U.M. & M. copyright byline, but prints of ''Betty Boop'' cartoons have turned up with original Paramount copyright bylines on the Olive Films releases of ''Betty Boop''.

U.M. & M. began marketing the Paramount shorts and cartoons, at the expense of the live-action made-for-television products it was already syndicating. The marketing included a Miss Cartoon girl<ref>Broadcasting April 23, 1956, page 22</ref> at their sales table at the NARTB convention in Chicago. Before all of the shorts could be retitled, [[National Telefilm Associates]] bought out the U.M. & M. package in May 1956 for $4 million.<ref>Box Office, May 19, 1956 page 22</ref> The U.M. & M. copyright notices continued to be present on the NTA prints. The shorts were syndicated under NTA's ''Panorama of Entertaining Programs'', as well as sold for home movie distribution.

For this reason, the majority of the color cartoons purchased by U.M. & M. appear with NTA titles, though a select few circulate with U.M. & M. openings and closings. Most ''Little Lulu'' cartoons circulate with U.M. & M. openings however. A few feature a revised U.M. & M. logo with the original credits intact, though all references to Paramount and Technicolor are blacked out. These prints contain the only titles where the word "Corporation" in the U.M. & M. copyright is actually spelled out, and not abbreviated "Corp."

NTA acquired the [[Republic Pictures]] name in 1984, and through several acquisitions was eventually merged into Paramount Pictures, which in turn was owned by [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]] (which brought Paramount in 1994). At the end of 2005, Viacom split itself into two corporations, one called Viacom (still owning Paramount Pictures), and the other called [[CBS Corporation]]. As a result, what would become [[Melange Pictures]], LLC, a division of Paramount Pictures, now owns the theatrical distribution on behalf of [[Paramount Animation]] — all the more ironic since Paramount Pictures originally released the classic shorts in the first place — while [[Trifecta Entertainment & Media]] (inherited from [[CBS Media Ventures|CBS Television Distribution]]) owns the television distribution on behalf of [[CBS Studios]] (after the shutdown of [[Paramount Television Studios]] on August 18, 2024) to the U.M. & M./NTA/Republic/Melange library, and Olive Films (under license from [[Paramount Home Entertainment]]) owns the home video distribution. Viacom and CBS [[2019 merger of CBS and Viacom|re-merged]] on December 4, 2019, as ViacomCBS (later renamed [[Paramount Global]]).

However, restoration of the original Paramount openings to the black and white cartoons and shorts would be difficult, since U.M. & M. actually altered the original black-and-white negatives, although with today's [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] technology it is possible to authentically recreate such titles. The [[UCLA Film and Television Archive]] has restored many of the classic Paramount cartoons, complete with their original titles.

== See also ==
* ''[[FTC v. Motion Picture Advertising Service Co.]]''

== References ==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:U.M. and M. TV Corporation}}
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1954]]
[[Category:Film distributors of the United States]]
[[Category:Mass media companies disestablished in 1957]]

The Mansion Cat

2025-05-05T06:20:55Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|2001 film}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2012}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = The Mansion Cat Title.JPG
| caption = Title card
| director = Karl Toerge
| writer = Karl Toerge
| starring = [[Joseph Barbera]]
| music = J. Eric Schmidt
| producer = Diana Ritchey
| company = {{Plainlist|
* [[Hanna-Barbera|Hanna-Barbera Cartoons]]
* [[Turner Entertainment Co.]]
* [[MGM Television]]{{efn|Archival footage for ''[[Muscle Beach Tom]]'', uncredited.}}
}}
| network = [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]]
| released = {{Start date|2001|04|08|}}<ref name="BCDB-Profile">{{Cite web |title=BCDB: The Mansion Cat |url=http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/25053-Mansion_Cat.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117175031/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/25053-Mansion_Cat.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |access-date=2009-09-13 |website=[[The Big Cartoon DataBase]]}} Episode Profile</ref>
| runtime = {{Duration|m=7|s=00}}
| language = English
}}
'''''The Mansion Cat''''' is a 2001 American made-for-television [[animated cartoon]] featuring the [[cat and mouse]] duo [[Tom Cat|Tom]] and [[Jerry Mouse|Jerry]]. It is the first entry in the original ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'' series of [[short film|shorts]] in the 34 years since ''[[Purr-Chance to Dream]]'' in 1967 and the 162nd overall. It is also the first short involving [[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]] in the 43 years since ''[[Tot Watchers]]'' in 1958. Produced by [[Hanna-Barbera|Hanna-Barbera Cartoons]] in association with [[Turner Entertainment Co.]], and distributed by [[Warner Bros. Television Studios|Warner Bros. Television]], making it the first ''Tom and Jerry'' cartoon released by Warner Bros. Entertainment since the 1996 [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]]-[[Turner Broadcasting System|Turner]] merger (now known as [[Warner Bros. Discovery]]).

== Plot ==
The cartoon opens with a circle showing [[Jerry Mouse|Jerry]] running, but as the circle grows, it is revealed that Jerry is going nowhere, as [[Tom Cat|Tom]] captured his tail. When Tom's owner (voiced by Joseph Barbera, ''Tom and Jerry'' co-creator and [[Hanna-Barbera]] co-founder) calls Tom, he lets Jerry go, freeing him back into his cage. The owner of Tom and a large [[mansion]] tells Tom that he is going away for a while, that the mansion is in perfect shape and that he does not want Tom blaming the mouse (Jerry) for any destruction this time. Of course, this means Tom will spend most of the cartoon chasing Jerry across the mansion, causing extensive damage.

First, Tom kicks Jerry out of the mansion, sits on the sofa and eats much food stolen from the refrigerator while watching television (A clip of ''[[Muscle Beach Tom]]'' is shown). Afterwards, traditional chase and damage happen. Among the sequences include Jerry shoving Tom into a [[VCR]] and shelving the resulting cassette-sized cat, Tom trapping Jerry in a coffeemaker, Jerry trapping Tom in a refrigerator, Jerry sucking Tom and half the living room into a [[vacuum cleaner]] and finally Tom chasing Jerry through the yard and into the house on a riding [[Lawn mower|lawnmower]]; the cartoon ends with Tom accidentally crashing the lawnmower into the returning car of his owner, who then tells Tom that he "makes a better [[hood ornament]] than a house cat".

== Broadcast history ==
''The Mansion Cat'' premiered on [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] on April 8, 2001, making it the only ''Tom and Jerry'' short made specifically for Boomerang.<ref name="BCDB-Profile" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mosley |first=Sean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X3_-CwAAQBAJ&q=%22Tom+and+Jerry%3A+The+Mansion+Cat%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT5 |title=Kids Favorite...: (All Things Kids Like) |date=August 15, 2013 |publisher=Lulu Press, Inc |isbn=9781304331069 |language=en |access-date=September 23, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806042701/https://books.google.com/books?id=X3_-CwAAQBAJ&q=%22Tom+and+Jerry%3A+The+Mansion+Cat%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT5 |url-status=live |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> It later premiered on Cartoon Network as part of the "Tom and Jerry Slamfest" marathon on May 28, 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom and Jerry Slamfest on Cartoon Network |first=Annick |last=Teninge |url=https://www.awn.com/news/tom-and-jerry-slamfest-cartoon-network |date=May 16, 2001 |website=[[Animation World Network]] |access-date=August 5, 2022 |archive-date=January 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104083052/http://www.awn.com/news/tom-and-jerry-slamfest-cartoon-network |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, this was one of the last cartoons produced by Hanna-Barbera before its absorption into [[Warner Bros. Animation]] on March 12, 2001, and [[William Hanna]]'s death of throat cancer on March 22, 2001, several days before the short premiered. It was also the first ''Tom and Jerry'' short to use [[digital ink-and-paint]].

Seven months later, the short premiered on [[The WB]] as part of its [[Kids' WB]] block in November 2001. Despite being a TV short, in regions like Latin America, it premiered in theaters alongside ''[[The Powerpuff Girls Movie]]''.

== Voice cast ==
* [[Joseph Barbera]] as Tom, Owner

== Availability ==
The short has not been released on any home media yet and rarely airs on [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]].

== See also ==
* [[Tom and Jerry filmography|''Tom and Jerry'' filmography]]
* [[List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|tt0298433}}

{{Tom and Jerry}}
{{Hanna-Barbera}}
{{The Hanna-Barbera Tom and Jerry shorts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mansion Cat, The}}
[[Category:2001 television films]]
[[Category:2000s American animated films]]
[[Category:2001 animated short films]]
[[Category:2001 comedy films]]
[[Category:Tom and Jerry short films]]
[[Category:Hanna-Barbera animated films]]
[[Category:Films set in 2000]]
[[Category:American animated television films]]
[[Category:Animated films set in country houses]]
[[Category:2000s English-language films]]
[[Category:English-language comedy short films]]
[[Category:English-language action comedy films]]

Popeye the Sailor (film series)

2025-05-05T06:06:36Z

61.21.156.214:

{{italic title}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| director = [[Dave Fleischer]] [[Dan Gordon (animator)|Dan Gordon]] [[Isadore Sparber|I. Sparber]] [[Seymour Kneitel]] [[Bill Tytla]] [[David Tendlar|Dave Tendlar]]
| name = Popeye the Sailor
| image = Popeye title card.png
| caption = ''Popeye the Sailor'' opening title employed in the 1930s
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Popeye#Thimble Theatre and Popeye comic strips|Popeye]]''|[[E. C. Segar]]}}
| story = George Manuell Seymour Kneitel Bill Turner [[Warren Foster]] [[Dan Gordon (animator)|Dan Gordon]] Tedd Pierce Milford Davis Eric St. Clair Cal Howard Jack Mercer Carl Meyer Jack Ward Joe Stultz [[Otto Messmer]] Dave Tendlar Irving Dressler I. Klein Woody Gelman Larry Riley Larz Bourne Irv Spector George Hill James Tyer Izzy Sparber
| animator = [[Seymour Kneitel]] [[Roland Crandall]] William Henning William Sturm Willard Bowsky Dave Tendlar [[Myron Waldman]] Thomas Johnson Nick Tafuri Harold Walker Charles Hastings George Germanetti Orestes Calpini Edward Nolan Frank Endres Robert G. Leffingwell Jack Ozark Lillian Friedman James Davis Joe D'Igalo Graham Place Robert Bentley Tom Golden Shamus Culhane Arnold Gillespie Abner Kneitel Winfield Hoskins Grim Natwick Irv Spector Myron Waldman Sidney Pillet Lod Rossner Bill Nolan Joe Oriolo Tom Baron Ruben Grossman John Walworth Al Eugster James Tyer Ben Solomon Morey Reden John Gentilella Lou Zukor Martin Taras George Rufle Bill Hudson Harvey Patterson Wm. B. Pattengill Steve Muffatti Hicks Lokey Howard Swift Jack Ehret (assistant animator)
| color_process = [[Black-and-white]] (1933–1943) 3-strip [[Technicolor]] (1936, 1937, 1939, 1943–1946, 1949–1957) 2-strip [[Cinecolor]] (1946–1948) 3-strip [[Polacolor]] (1948–1949)
| studio = [[Fleischer Studios]] (1933–1942) [[Famous Studios]] (renamed as Paramount Cartoon Studios) (1942–1957)
| country = United States
| distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| released = July 14, 1933 — August 9, 1957
| runtime = 6–10 minutes (one reel) 15–20 minutes (two reel) (''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor]]'', ''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves]]'' and ''[[Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp]]'')
| language = English
}}

'''''Popeye the Sailor''''' is an American [[Animated cartoon|animated]] series of [[short film]]s based on the [[Popeye (comic strip)|''Popeye'' comic strip]] character created by [[E. C. Segar]]. In 1933, [[Max Fleischer|Max]] and [[Dave Fleischer]]'s [[Fleischer Studios]], based in [[New York City]], adapted Segar's characters into a series of theatrical cartoon shorts for [[Paramount Pictures]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lenburg |first1=Jeff |title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons |date=1999 |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=0-8160-3831-7 |access-date=6 June 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816038312/page/121/mode/2up |pages=121–124}}</ref> The plotlines in the animated cartoons tended to be simpler than those presented in the comic strips, and the characters slightly different. A villain, usually [[Bluto]], makes a move on Popeye's "sweetie", [[Olive Oyl]]. The villain clobbers Popeye until he eats [[spinach]], giving him superhuman strength. Thus empowered, Popeye makes short work of the villain.

The Fleischer ''Popeye'' cartoons proved to be among the most popular of the 1930s, and would remain a staple of Paramount's release schedule for nearly 25 years. Paramount would take control of the studio in 1941 and rename it [[Famous Studios]], ousting the Fleischer brothers and continuing production. The theatrical ''Popeye'' cartoons began airing on television in 1956, and the ''Popeye'' theatrical series was discontinued in 1957. ''Popeye the Sailor'' in all produced 231 short subjects that were broadcast on television for several years.

The 1930s ''Popeye'' cartoons have been said by historians to have an urban feel, with the Fleischers pioneering an [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] animation scene that differed highly from their West Coast counterparts.

== Early history ==
[[File:MaxFleischerPDUS.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Max Fleischer]]
Popeye the Sailor, created by E.C. Segar, debuted in 1929 in his [[King Features Syndicate]]-distributed comic strip, ''Thimble Theatre''. The character was growing in popularity by the 1930s and there was "hardly a newspaper reader of the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] that did not know his name."<ref name="yam">{{cite video| people = [[Tom Kenny]], [[Jerry Beck]], Frank Caruso, Glenn Mitchell | title =[[Popeye the Sailor: 1933–1938, Volume 1]]. Special Features: I Yam What I Yam: The Story of Popeye the Sailor | medium = DVD| publisher = Warner Home Video | date = 2007 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> It was obvious, however, that stars of a larger magnitude were being launched from animated cartoons, with the success of [[Mickey Mouse]]. In November 1932, King Features signed an agreement with [[Fleischer Studios]], run by producer [[Max Fleischer]] and his brother, director [[Dave Fleischer]], to have Popeye and the other ''Thimble Theatre'' characters begin appearing in a series of animated cartoons released by [[Paramount Pictures]]. The first cartoon in the series was released in 1933, and ''Popeye'' cartoons would remain a staple of Paramount's release schedule for nearly 25 years.

One source of inspiration for the Fleischers were newspapers and comic strips, and they saw potential in Popeye as an animated star, thinking the humor would translate well onscreen.<ref name="yam"/> When the Fleischers needed more characters, they turned to Segar's strip: [[J. Wellington Wimpy|Wimpy]] debuted in the first regular ''Popeye'' cartoon, [[Swee'Pea]], [[Poopdeck Pappy]], the Goons, and [[Eugene the Jeep]] arrived onscreen by the late 1930s. Popeye was also given more family exclusive to the shorts, specifically his look-alike nephews Pipeye, Peepeye, Pupeye, and Poopeye. Spinach became a main component of the ''Popeye'' cartoons and was used for the energetic finale in each of them. Eventually, the Fleischers paired Popeye and spinach together far more than Segar ever did. In 1934, a statistic was released noting that spinach sales had increased 33% since the creation of the ''Popeye'' cartoons.<ref name="yam"/> Segar received crates of spinach at his home because of the ''Popeye'' association. The huge child following ''Popeye'' received eventually prompted Segar's boss, [[William Randolph Hearst]], to order Segar to tone down the humor and violence. Segar was not ready to compromise, believing there would be "nothing funny about a sissy sailor."<ref name="yam"/>

== Voice cast ==
Many voice artists worked on the ''Popeye'' shorts over the two decades of production; this list is based on the most comprehensive artists.
* [[Billy Costello (actor)|William "Billy" Costello]], [[Jack Mercer]] as [[Popeye|Popeye the Sailor]] (substitutes: [[Floyd Buckley]], [[Harry Foster Welch]], [[Mae Questel]]). Costello had a gruff, gravelly quality in voicing the character. It is generally thought that Costello became difficult to work with after becoming overly confident from the success of the first few cartoons.<ref name="yam"/> Jack Mercer was working in the in-between department of Fleischer Studios doing imitations of Costello, and, after practicing at home for a week, replaced Costello as the voice of Popeye beginning with ''King of the Mardi Gras'' (1935).<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/27/AR2007072700732.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | first=Matt | last=Hurwitz | title=Hey, Sailor! 'Popeye' Is Back in Port | date=July 29, 2007}}</ref> Historians believe the character came into his own when Mercer became the voice artist, employing acting and emotion into the character. Mercer voiced the character until his death in 1984. Mae Questel, Floyd Buckley and Harry Welch substituted in several wartime cartoons, when Mercer left to serve in World War II.<ref name=amgover>Erickson, Hal [https://www.allmovie.com/artist/mae-questel-an32811 Allmovie: Overview]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3XCHkn64cYkC&dq=%22harry+welch%22+Popeye&pg=PA57 Popeye: An Illustrated Cultural History, 2d ed.], page 58-60; by Fred M. Grandinetti; published Jul 29, 2004 by [[McFarland & Company]] (via [[Google Books]])</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Terrace|first1=Vincent|title=Radio Programs, 1924-1984: A Catalog of More Than 1800 Shows|date=1999|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-7864-4513-4|page=274}}</ref>
* [[Bonnie Poe]], [[Mae Questel]], [[Margie Hines]] as [[Olive Oyl]]. Questel was the voice of Betty Boop when she was brought in early on to play Olive Oyl, and she based the character voice on [[ZaSu Pitts]].<ref name="yam"/> Questel voiced Olive Oyl until 1938, when Fleischer operations shifted to Florida. Hines, who was Mercer's wife, voiced the character until 1943. Paramount moved the studio back to New York the following year and Questel reassumed voice acting duties until the series' end in 1957.
* [[William Pennell]], [[Gus Wickie]] and [[Jackson Beck]] as [[Bluto]] (substitutes: [[Dave Barry (voice actor)|Dave Barry]], [[Jack Mercer]], [[Pinto Colvig]], [[Tedd Pierce]]). William Pennell was the first to voice the Bluto character from 1933 to 1935's ''The Hyp-Nut-Tist''. Gus Wickie is generally considered the most memorable voice actor by fans and historians.<ref name="yam"/> Wickie voiced Bluto until Fleischer left New York in 1938, his last work being the voice of the "Chief" in ''Big Chief Ugh-A-Mug-Ugh''. Several other actors were employed to voice Bluto from then on (including Mercer, Pierce, Colvig and Barry). When Famous Studios took over production and moved back to New York City, Jackson Beck took over the role until 1962.

== Fleischer Studios ==
Popeye made his film debut in ''[[Popeye the Sailor (film)|Popeye the Sailor]]'', a 1933 ''[[List of Betty Boop films and appearances#Betty Boop series|Betty Boop]]'' cartoon. Although Betty has a small cameo appearance, the cartoon mostly introduces the main characters: Popeye's coming to rescue Olive Oyl after being kidnapped by Bluto. The triangle between Popeye, Olive and Bluto was set up from the beginning and soon became the template for most ''Popeye'' productions that would follow. The cartoon opens with a newspaper headline announcing Popeye as a movie star, reflecting the transition into film.<ref name="yam"/> ''[[I Yam What I Yam]]'' became the first entry in the regular ''Popeye the Sailor'' series.

Thanks to the animated shorts, Popeye became even more of a sensation than he had been in comic strips. As [[Betty Boop]] gradually declined in popularity as a result of [[Hays Code]] censorship undermining her characterization in 1934, Popeye became the studio's star character by 1936. Popeye began to sell more tickets and became the most popular cartoon character in the country in the 1930s, surpassing [[Mickey Mouse]]. Paramount added to Popeye's profile by sponsoring the "Popeye Club" as part of their Saturday matinée program, in competition with Mickey Mouse Clubs. Popeye cartoons, including a sing-along special entitled ''[[Let's Sing with Popeye]]'', were a regular part of the weekly meetings. For a 10-cent membership fee, club members were given a Popeye [[kazoo]], a membership card, the chance to become elected as the Club's "Popeye" or "Olive Oyl", and the opportunity to win other gifts. Polls taken by theater owners proved Popeye more popular than Mickey, and Popeye upheld his position for the rest of the decade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forums.goldenagecartoons.com/showthread.php?t=2907 |title=GAC Forums – Popeye's Popularity – Article from 1935 |publisher=Forums.goldenagecartoons.com |access-date=November 30, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711104313/http://forums.goldenagecartoons.com/showthread.php?t=2907 |archive-date=July 11, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.awn.com/mag/issue2.4/awm2.4pages/2.4langerpopeye.html |title=Popeye From Strip To Screen |publisher=Awn.com |access-date=November 30, 2009}}</ref>

Fleischer cartoons differed highly from their counterparts at [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Leon Schlesinger Productions]]. The ''Popeye'' series, like other cartoons produced by the Fleischers, had a more urban feel (the Fleischers' studio was in Midtown Manhattan), had plots that were variations on a single simple formula, and featured the characters' (often improvised) under-the-breath mutterings.<ref name="yam"/> The voices for Fleischer cartoons produced during the early and mid-1930s were recorded after the animation was completed. The actors, Mercer in particular, would therefore [[improvisation|improvise]] lines that were not on the storyboards or prepared for the [[lip-sync]] (generally word-play and clever puns).<ref name="yam"/> Popeye lives in a dilapidated apartment building in ''A Dream Walking'' (1934), reflecting the urban feel and [[Great Depression|Depression-era]] hardships.<ref name="yam"/>

The Fleischers moved their studio to [[Miami, Florida]], in September 1938 in order to weaken [[Trade union|union]] control and take advantage of tax breaks. The ''Popeye'' series continued production, although a marked change was seen in the Florida-produced shorts: they were brighter and less detailed in their artwork. Also, the Fleischers began pre-recording dialog for lip-sync shortly after moving to Miami, so Mercer and the other voice actors would record ad-libbed lines while watching a finished copy of the cartoon to add the improvisational touch in the prior cartoons.<ref>Culhane, Shamus (1986). ''Talking Animals and Other People''. New York: St. Martin's Press. Pages 218–219.</ref> Mae Questel, who started a family, refused to move to Florida, and [[Margie Hines]], the wife of Jack Mercer, voiced Olive Oyl through the end of 1943. Several voice actors, among them [[Pinto Colvig]] (better known as the voice of Disney's [[Goofy]]), succeeded Gus Wickie as the voice of Bluto between 1938 and 1940.

Fleischer Studios produced 108 ''Popeye'' cartoons, 105 of them in [[black-and-white]]. The remaining three were two-reel (double-length) [[Technicolor]] adaptations of stories from the [[Arabian Nights]] billed as "Popeye Color Features": ''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor]]'' (1936), ''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves]]'' (1937), and ''[[Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp]]'' (1939).

== Famous Studios ==
By the end of 1939, Max and Dave Fleischer had stopped speaking to each other altogether, communicating solely by memo. In 1940, they found themselves at odds with Paramount over the control of their animation studio.<ref name="yam"/> The studio borrowed heavily from Paramount in order to move to Florida and expand into features, and while their first feature, ''[[Gulliver's Travels (1939 film)|Gulliver's Travels]]'' (1939), was fairly successful, their second, ''[[Mr. Bug Goes to Town]]'' (1941) was not, and left the Fleischers in signing at debt to Paramount.<ref name="BarrierBug">Barrier, Michael (1999). ''Hollywood Cartoons''. New York: Oxford University Press. Pgs. 303–305. {{ISBN|0-19-516729-5}}.</ref> In May 1941, Paramount assumed ownership of Fleischer Studios.<ref>Popeye Volume 3 DVD documentary, released by Warner Brothers in 2008</ref> The Fleischers left, and Paramount began reorganizing the studio, which they renamed [[Famous Studios]]. With Famous Studios headed by Sam Buchwald, [[Seymour Kneitel]], [[Isadore Sparber]] and [[Dan Gordon (animator)|Dan Gordon]], production continued on the ''Popeye'' shorts.

With World War II becoming a greater concern in the United States, Popeye enlisted into the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]], as depicted in the 1941 short ''The Mighty Navy''. His regular outfit was changed from the dark blue shirt with red-trimmed sailor collar and light blue bell-bottomed dungarees he wore in the original comics to an official US Navy sailor's white uniform, which he retained until the 1970s. Popeye becomes an ordinary, downtrodden, naval seaman in the wartime entries, usually getting the blame for mishaps. Film historian [[Leonard Maltin]] notes that the studio did not intend to make light of the war, but instead make Popeye more relevant with the times and show him in action.<ref name="yam"/> The early Famous-era shorts were often World War II-themed, featuring Popeye fighting [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] and [[Imperial Japan|Japanese]] soldiers, most notably the 1942 short ''[[You're a Sap, Mr. Jap]]''. As Popeye was popular in South America, Famous Studios set the 1944 cartoon ''We're on our Way to Rio'' in [[Brazil]], as part of a "good neighbor" policy between the U.S. government and the rest of the hemisphere during the war.

In late 1943, the ''Popeye'' series was moved to Technicolor production, beginning with ''Her Honor the Mare.'' Though these cartoons were produced in full color, some films in the late-1940s period were released in less-expensive processes like [[Cinecolor]] and [[Polacolor]]. Paramount had begun moving the studio back to New York that January, and Mae Questel reassumed voice duties for Olive Oyl. Jack Mercer was drafted into the Navy during World War II, and scripts were stockpiled for Mercer to record when on leave. When Mercer was unavailable, Harry Welch stood in as the voice of Popeye (and ''Shape Ahoy'' had Mae Questel doing Popeye's voice as well as Olive's). New voice cast member [[Jackson Beck]] began voicing Bluto within a few years; he, Mercer, and Questel would continue to voice their respective characters into the 1960s. Over time, the Technicolor Famous shorts began to adhere even closer to the standard Popeye formula, and softened, rounder character designs – including an Olive Oyl design which gave the character high heels and an updated hairstyle – were evident by late 1946.

Many established Fleischer animators stayed with Famous Studios and produced these new ''Popeye'' cartoons, but the loss of the founders was evident.<ref name="yam"/> Throughout the 1940s, the production values on ''Popeye'' remained relatively high. Animation historian [[Jerry Beck]] notes that, however, the "gag sense and story sense fell into a bit of a rut." By the mid-50s, budgets at the studio became tight and staff downsized, while still producing the same number of cartoons per year. This was typical of most animation studios at the time, as many considered shutting their doors entirely due to the competition from television.<ref name="yam"/> Paramount renamed the studio Paramount Cartoon Studios in 1956 and continued the ''Popeye'' series for one more year, with ''[[Spooky Swabs]]'', released in August 1957, being the last of the 125 Famous shorts in the series.

== Music and theme song ==
Popeye's signature theme song was composed by [[Sammy Lerner]] and premiered in the first ''Popeye'' cartoon in 1933, sung by Popeye himself. For the first few cartoons, the opening credits music consists of a short instrumental excerpt of "[[The Sailor's Hornpipe]]", a traditional [[sea shanty]] dating to no later than the 1700s, playing over the Paramount logo, followed by a vocal variation on [[Andrew B. Sterling]] and Charles B. Ward's "Strike Up the Band (Here Comes a Sailor)", substituting the words "for Popeye the Sailor" in the latter phrase. An instrumental of Popeye's theme replaced the latter beginning with the third short, "[[Blow Me Down!]]".

Cartoon music historian Daniel Goldmark writes that Popeye is one of few cartoon characters of the time to have a theme; composer [[Carl Stalling]], who worked at [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney]] and [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Warner Bros.]], and [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio|MGM]]'s [[Scott Bradley (composer)|Scott Bradley]] disliked themes and phased them out quickly.<ref name="yam"/>

[[Winston Sharples]] and [[Sammy Timberg]] composed most of the music for the ''Popeye'' shorts. Timberg also composed the themes to the Fleischers' ''[[Betty Boop]]'' and ''[[Superman (1940s cartoons)|Superman]]'' cartoons, but asked Lerner to write Popeye's theme song because he had a date that night.<ref name="yam"/>

The music of ''Popeye'' is described as a mix of "sunny [[show tune]]s and music from the street."<ref name="yam"/> Being located on [[Broadway theater|Broadway]], the Fleischers were well placed for popular music developments in the 1930s. Director [[Eric Goldberg (film director)|Eric Goldberg]] notes a very urban feel to the music of ''Popeye'', reflecting "the type of cartoons they were making." The Fleischers were big fans of [[jazz]] and would approach local jazz musicians to work on the cartoons, most of whom were more than happy to oblige.<ref name="yam"/> The use of jazz and very contemporary popular music highlighted how audiences were fascinated by new music. Tight on a budget, the producers took advantage of their free access to the Paramount music library, including hit songs that would be introduced in feature films.<ref name="yam"/> Many cartoons, such as ''It's the Natural Thing to Do'' (1939), take their titles from popular songs of the time. Staff songwriters would also write original songs for the shorts, such as in 1936's ''Brotherly Love'' and ''I Wanna Be a Lifeguard''; the studio would hire outside songwriters to compose originals in addition. With the onset of World War II, the music in ''Popeye'' became more lush, fully orchestrated and patriotic.<ref name="yam"/>

For generations, the iconic ''Popeye'' theme song became an instantly recognizable musical bookmark, further propelling the character's stardom.<ref name="yam"/>

== Theatrical ''Popeye'' cartoons on television ==
The original 1932 agreement with the syndicate called for any films made within 10 years and any elements of them to be [[Lost film|destroyed]] in 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fleischer v. A.A.P., Inc., 222 F. Supp. 40 {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator |url=https://casetext.com/case/fleischer-v-aap-inc-3 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=casetext.com |quote=...that this license expired at the end of a 10-year period from the date of release of the cartoon ... and required plaintiff licensee to destroy the negatives of such cartoons and that these rights were not assignable by plaintiff producer without the licensee's consent}}</ref> This would have destroyed all of the Fleischer ''Popeye'' shorts.

In 1955, Paramount put their pre-October 1950 cartoon library up for television sale. [[U.M. & M. TV Corporation]] acquired the majority of all theatrical shorts. However, the ''Popeye'' cartoons were sold separately at a higher price.<ref>Billboard, January 14, 1956</ref> In June 1956,<ref>Broadcasting, June 11, 1956</ref> Paramount sold the cartoons to television syndicator [[Associated Artists Productions]] (a.a.p.), one of the biggest distributors of the time, for release to television stations.<ref name="yam"/> However, unlike the pre-August 1948 [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Warner Bros.]] cartoons they were distributing, a.a.p. was ordered to remove the Paramount logos and "Paramount presents" title cards, so the cartoons were given an a.a.p. opening title card similar to the Warner Bros. cartoons, using a version of the ''Popeye'' theme music introduced sometime in 1943; the cartoons closed with a piece first used in ''[[Olive Oyl for President]]'' in 1948. Yet Paramount's imprint was still noted in the a.a.p. prints, which referenced Fleischer and Famous Studios and left Paramount's credits and copyright tags intact. Once they began airing these cartoons were enormously popular. Jerry Beck likens ''Popeye''{{'s}} television success to a "new lease on life," noting that the character had not been as popular since the 1930s.<ref name="beckinterview">{{cite web |url = https://animatedviews.com/2007/jerry-beck-on-cartoons-then-and-now/ |title = Cartoons Then and Now: Jerry Beck talks Woody, Popeye and More! |author = Josh Armstrong |date = September 17, 2007 |work = AnimatedViews.com |access-date= June 5, 2012 }}</ref>

King Features realized the potential for success and began distributing ''Popeye''-based merchandise, which in turn led to a new [[Popeye the Sailor (TV series)|series of ''Popeye'' shorts made for TV]] beginning in 1960. These shorts were farmed out to numerous studios and are of generally lower quality, employing limited animation, and many artists were unhappy with the quality of such cartoons.<ref name="yam"/>

By the 1970s, the original Fleischer and Famous ''Popeye'' cartoons were syndicated to various stations and channels across the globe. In the intervening years, however, the theatrical ''Popeye'' cartoons slowly disappeared from the airwaves in favor of the newer made-for-television shorts.<ref name="beckinterview"/> a.a.p. was sold to [[United Artists]] in 1958, which was absorbed into [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] to create MGM/UA in 1981. [[Ted Turner]] purchased MGM/UA in 1986, gaining control of all theatrical ''Popeye'' shorts. Although Turner sold MGM back to [[Kirk Kerkorian]] some months later, Turner retained the film catalog. [[Turner Entertainment Co.]] (currently owned by [[Warner Bros.]]), therefore, controls the rights to the ''Popeye'' shorts.

After Turner's acquisition, the black-and-white ''Popeye'' shorts were shipped to South Korea, where artists retraced them into color. The process was intended to make the shorts more marketable in the modern television era, but prevented the viewers from seeing the original Fleischer pen-and-ink work, as well as the three-dimensional backgrounds created by Fleischer's "Stereoptical" process. Every other frame was traced, changing the animation from being "on ones" (24 frame/s) to being "on twos" (12 frame/s), and softening the pace of the films. These colorized shorts began airing on Superstation [[WPCH-TV|WTBS]] in 1986 during their ''Tom & Jerry and Friends'' 90-minute weekday morning and hour-long weekday afternoon shows. The retraced shorts were syndicated in 1987 on a barter basis, and remained available until the early 1990s. When [[Cartoon Network]] began in 1992, they mostly ran [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio|cartoons]] from the pre-May 1986 MGM library, which included the ''Popeye'' cartoons.<ref name="beckinterview"/>

For many decades, viewers could only see a majority of the classic ''Popeye'' cartoons with the a.a.p.-altered opening and closing credits. In 2001, Cartoon Network, under the supervision of animation historian [[Jerry Beck]], launched ''[[The Popeye Show]]''. The show aired the Fleischer and Famous Studios ''Popeye'' shorts in their complete, uncut original theatrical versions direct from prints that contained the original front-and-end Paramount credits, or, where those were unavailable, in versions approximating their original theatrical releases by replacing the a.a.p. opening and closing credits with ones that recreated the originals using various sources. The series, which aired 135 ''Popeye'' shorts over 45 episodes, also featured segments offering [[trivia]] about the characters, voice actors, and animators. The program aired on Cartoon Network until March 2004. Cartoon Network's spin-off network [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] aired reruns of it after that, along with half-hour afternoon airings of ''Popeye'' cartoons that sometimes included the color-traced versions from the 1980s.

In 2012, ''Popeye'' reruns ceased until 2018, when ''Popeye'' cartoons returned to TV on [[Turner Classic Movies]] as single 7-minute shorts in March 2018, usually shown on Saturday mornings. It is also periodically pre-empted by special month-long or seasonal scheduling themes, such as February's "[[31 Days of Oscar]]" film series and the month-long "Summer Under the Stars". In November 2020, Boomerang aired ''Popeye'' again as part of the Boomerang Thanksgiving Feast. [[MeTV]] announced that they would air a Saturday morning cartoon block which includes the Fleischer/Famous ''Popeye'' cartoons beginning in January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metv.com/stories/saturday-morning-cartoons-are-coming-to-metv-this-january|title = Saturday Morning Cartoons are coming to MeTV this January!}}</ref> In February 2023, Boomerang started to air ''Popeye'' again.

In the UK, ''Popeye'' Cartoons aired on Cartoon Network from 1993 to 2001 and on Boomerang from 2000 to 2005. Since February 2021, [[Talking Pictures TV]] has aired the cartoons during their Saturday morning pictures block.

== Home media ==
There were legal problems between King Features Syndicate and United Artists in the early 1980s regarding the availability of ''Popeye'' cartoons on home video. United Artists had television rights, but King Features disputed whether that included home video distribution.<ref name="beckinterview"/> In 1983, [[MGM Home Entertainment|MGM/UA Home Video]] attempted to release a collection of ''Popeye'' cartoons on [[Betamax]] and [[VHS]] tapes titled ''The Best of Popeye, Vol. 1'', but the release was canceled after MGM/UA received a [[cease and desist]] letter from King Features Syndicate, which claimed that they only had the legal rights to release the collection on video.<ref name=research>{{cite web|url=https://cartoonresearch.com/comments.html|title=CARTOON RESEARCH COMMENTS|work=cartoonresearch.com|access-date=May 10, 2011|archive-date=January 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121131238/http://www.cartoonresearch.com/comments.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> While King Features owned the rights, material, comics, and merchandizing to Popeye's character, it did not have ownership to the cartoons themselves.

Throughout the years, there have been many VHS cassettes and DVDs featuring [[public domain]] ''Popeye'' cartoons, where the copyright had lapsed.<ref name="beckinterview"/> While most of the ''Popeye'' cartoons remained unavailable on VHS tape, a handful of shorts fell into the public domain and were found on numerous low-budget VHS tapes and DVDs. Most used [[Associated Artists Productions|a.a.p.]] prints from the 1950s, which were in very poor shape, thus resulting in very poor image quality. These cartoons were seven black-and-white 1930s and 1940s cartoons, 24 Famous Studios cartoons from the 1950s (many of which fell to the public domain after the MGM/UA merger), and all three ''Popeye'' color specials (although some copyrighted ''Popeye'' cartoons turned up on public domain VHS tapes and DVDs).

In 1997 (by which time the ''Popeye'' cartoons had come under ownership of [[Turner Entertainment Co.]]), home video rights to the pre-May 1986 MGM film library were reassigned from MGM/UA Home Video to [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment|Warner Home Video]]. It was reported in 2002 that Warner Bros. and King Features parent [[Hearst Communications|Hearst Corporation]] were working on a deal to release the ''Popeye'' cartoons on home video.<ref name=research/> Over 1,000 people signed an online petition asking WB and King Features to release the theatrical Popeye cartoons on DVDs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calmapro.com/popeye/dvd.php?section=dvd_petition_view&current=dvd&orderby=id|title=Fleischer Popeye Tribute|work=calmapro.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113003605/http://www.calmapro.com/popeye/dvd.php?section=dvd_petition_view&current=dvd&orderby=id|archive-date=2007-11-13}}</ref>

''Popeye'' cartoons were never officially released in any form until the late 2000s.<ref name="beckinterview"/> In 2006, Warner Home Video, King Features Syndicate, and Hearst Corporation finally reached an agreement allowing for the release of the ''Popeye'' cartoons on home video. [[Paramount Pictures]] allowed Warner Bros. to restore the original Paramount logos on the cartoons as part of a [[cross-licensing]] deal between the two companies (which also permitted the use of the "Warner Bros. Shield" logo on certain films produced by [[John Wayne]]'s [[Batjac Productions]] that were originally released by Warner Bros. but are now distributed by Paramount) thus preserving the artistic integrity of the original theatrical releases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animated-views.com/2007/jerry-beck-on-cartoons-then-and-now/|title=Cartoons Then and Now: Jerry Beck talks Woody, Popeye and More! • Animated Views|work=animated-views.com}}</ref> Three volumes were produced between 2007 and 2008, released in the order the cartoons were released to theaters.

The first of Warner Bros.'s ''Popeye'' DVD sets, covering the cartoons released from 1933 until early 1938, was released on July 31, 2007. ''Popeye the Sailor: 1933–1938, Volume 1'', a four-disc collector's edition DVD, contains the first 60 Fleischer ''Popeye'' cartoons, including the color specials ''Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor'' and ''Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves''. Volumes 1 and 3 have the "Intended For Adult Collector And May Not Be Suitable For Children" advisory warning on the back of the box- with a text disclaimer at the beginning of each disc warning that certain shorts "...may reflect certain racist, sexist and ethnic prejudices that were commonplace in American society at the time"- similar to that seen on the ''[[Looney Tunes Golden Collection]]'' DVDs. The shorts were digitally restored and featured numerous bonus features; including audio commentary tracks and documentary featurettes. Historians supervised the release as consultants, assuring no colorized versions of unrestored prints were used.<ref name="beckinterview"/> The first volume was included, either erroneously or through somewhat fraudulent means, in a batch of boxed sets sold in discount outlets for $3 or less in the summer of 2009.<ref name="EBA">{{cite web|url=http://www.thresq.com/2009/07/mgm-dvd-theft-lawsuit.html|title=Legal News & Entertainment Law - Hollywood, ESQ.|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

Initially, there were four volumes of four-disc ''Popeye'' collections planned: the second volume would feature the remaining black-and-white ''Popeye'' cartoons from 1938 to 1943, with Volumes 3 and 4 covering the color Famous Studios cartoons released between 1943 and 1957.<ref name="beckinterview"/> However, due to the [[2008 financial crisis]], Warner Home Video was forced to re-work Volume 2 into a series of two-disc sets.<ref name="WarnerArchive">{{cite web|title=Warner Archive Podcast: Popeye Popcast with Jerry Beck (4/12/18)|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/popeye-popcast-with-jerry-beck/id310063354?i=1000425080614|publisher=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.]]|date=December 4, 2018|accessdate=June 8, 2022}}</ref> ''Popeye the Sailor: 1938–1940, Volume 2'' was released on June 17, 2008,<ref>[http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Popeye-Volume-2/9048 Popeye DVD news: Popeye – Warner 'Retools' ''Popeye''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208120137/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Popeye-Volume-2/9048 |date=2008-12-08 }} DVDs; Switches to 2-Disc Sets! TVShowsOnDVD.com.</ref> and includes the final color Popeye special ''Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Popeye-Early-Plans-For-Remaining-Sets/8389 |title=Popeye DVD news: Early Info About Vol.'s 2, 3 and 4 | TVShowsOnDVD.com |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com |date=May 25, 2007 |access-date=November 30, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116050236/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Popeye-Early-Plans-For-Remaining-Sets/8389 |archive-date=November 16, 2010 }}</ref> ''Popeye the Sailor: 1941–1943, Volume 3'' was released on November 4, 2008,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvshowsondvd.com/news/Popeye-Volume-3/9823 |title=Popeye DVD news: Announcement for Popeye the Sailor - Volume 3: 1941-1943 | TVShowsOnDVD.com |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com<! |access-date=November 30, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501071730/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Popeye-Volume-3/9823 |archive-date=May 1, 2010 }}</ref> and includes Popeye's three seldom shown wartime cartoons: ''[[You're a Sap, Mr. Jap]]'' (1942), ''[[Scrap the Japs]]'' (1942), and ''[[Seein' Red, White 'N' Blue]]'' (1943). Like ''Volume 1'' these sets contained a plethora of bonus material.

The remaining volumes featuring the color Famous Studios cartoons were abandoned due to the higher costs of restoring color cartoons and the low sales of the previous volumes due to the recession in the late 2000s.<ref name= "WarnerArchive"/> In 2018, [[Warner Archive Collection]] announced they were releasing a series of single-disc [[Blu-ray]] sets entitled ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s'' which continued where the previous DVD sets left off almost a decade earlier.<ref name= "WarnerArchive"/> Unlike the previous DVD sets the Blu-rays did not feature any bonus material, but the shorts were digitally restored and uncut. ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 1'' was released on December 11, 2018, and contained 14 color ''Popeye'' shorts released from 1943 to 1945. ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 2'' was released in June 2019 featuring the next 15 ''Popeye'' cartoons from 1946 to 1947. ''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 3'' was released in September 2019 and featured the remaining 17 ''Popeye'' cartoons of the decade released from 1948 to the end of 1949.

In January 2020, Warner Archive announced they were "taking a break" from producing ''Popeye'' sets to focus on other classic animated titles, such as ''[[Tex Avery Screwball Classics]]''.<ref name=wac>{{cite web|title=Warner Archive Podcast: Tex Avery Talk with Jerry Beck (2/11/20)|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/tex-avery-talk-with-jerry-beck/id310063354?i=1000465417564|publisher=[[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.]]|date=February 11, 2020|accessdate=June 8, 2022}}</ref> As of 2022, the remaining 62 ''Popeye'' cartoons released between 1950 and 1957 have yet to be released.

=== DVD collections ===
* '''''Popeye the Sailor: 1933–1938, Volume 1''''' (released July 31, 2007) features cartoons released from 1933 to early 1938 and contains the color ''Popeye'' specials ''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor]]'' and ''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves]]''.
* '''''Popeye the Sailor: 1938–1940, Volume 2''''' (released June 17, 2008) features cartoons released from late 1938 to 1940 and includes the last color ''Popeye'' special ''[[Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp]]''.
* '''''Popeye the Sailor: 1941–1943, Volume 3''''' (released November 4, 2008)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001B23ED6|title=Amazon.com: Popeye the Sailor: 1941-1943: The Complete Third Volume: Various: Movies & TV|work=amazon.com}}</ref> features the remaining black-and-white Popeye cartoons released from 1941 to 1943 and covers the transition from Fleischer Studios to Famous Studios producing the cartoons.
* '''''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 1''''' (released December 11, 2018) features the first 14 color Popeye shorts produced by Famous Studios from 1943 to 1945. The set was made available on Blu-ray and DVD.
* '''''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 2''''' (released June 18, 2019) features the next 15 color Popeye shorts produced by Famous Studios from 1946 to 1947. The set was made available on Blu-ray and DVD.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1129455509117923328|user=WarnerArchive|title=Pop open another can of spinach with...|date=17 May 2019}}</ref>
* '''''Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 3''''' (released September 17, 2019) features the next 17 color Popeye shorts produced by Famous Studios from 1948 to 1949. The set was made available on Blu-ray and DVD.

== Filmography ==
* [[Popeye the Sailor filmography (Fleischer Studios)]]
* [[Popeye the Sailor filmography (Famous Studios)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Popeye the Sailor cartoons}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Articles related to the "Popeye the Sailor" film series
|list =
{{Popeye}}
{{Fleischer Studios}}
{{Famous Studios}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Popeye The Sailor (Film Series)}}
[[Category:Film series introduced in 1933]]
[[Category:Popeye the Sailor theatrical cartoons]]

Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers

2025-05-05T05:43:48Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|2006 film}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Tom and Jerry Shiver Me Whiskers cover.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = Scott Jeralds
| producer = [[Tom Minton]] Scott Jeralds
| writer = Christopher Painter
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Tom and Jerry]]''|[[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]]}}
| starring = [[Kevin Michael Richardson]] [[Kathy Najimy]] [[Charles Nelson Reilly]] [[Wallace Shawn]] [[Mark Hamill]] [[Dan Castellaneta]]
| music = [[Mark Watters]]
| editing = Rob DeSales
| studio = [[Turner Entertainment Co.]] [[Warner Bros. Animation]]
| distributor = [[Warner Home Video]]
| released = {{Film date|2006|8|22}}
| country = United States
| runtime = 74 minutes
| language = English
}}
'''''Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers''''', shown in the movie as '''''Tom and Jerry in Shiver Me Whiskers''''', is a 2006 [[direct-to-video]] [[Animation|animated]] [[Swashbuckler film|swashbuckler]] [[Adventure film|adventure]] [[comedy film]] featuring the [[cat]]-and-[[mouse]] duo [[Tom and Jerry]]. Produced by [[Warner Bros. Animation]] and [[Turner Entertainment Co.]], directed by Scott Jeralds, and written by Christopher Painter, the film is the fourth direct-to-video ''Tom and Jerry'' film. It was released on [[DVD]] on August 22, 2006. It was later re-released on [[Blu-ray]] on March 12, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Tom-and-Jerry-Shiver-Me-Whiskers-Blu-ray/60984/|title=Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers Blu-ray|publisher=[[Blu-ray]].com|access-date=April 4, 2020|archive-date=September 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910122925/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Tom-and-Jerry-Shiver-Me-Whiskers-Blu-ray/60984/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film follows Tom and Jerry as they try to find the Treasure of the Spanish Mane with a band of angry pirates on their tails.

== Plot ==
After the title is shown, the film starts on the ocean, where an intense thunderstorm is raging. A group of red [[Piracy|pirates]] are sailing on their ship, and Red Pirate Ron, who speaks in a language only understood by his [[parrot]], Stan, warns his pirates to lower the sails. Meanwhile, [[Tom Cat|Tom]], who is also on the side of Red Pirate Ron, and [[Jerry Mouse|Jerry]], who is on no side at all, travel aboard the same pirate ship. Tom gets in trouble for slacking and is thrown around the ship. Tom then gets mad at Jerry, thinking this was all his fault and chases him, Jerry ends up blowing Tom up in a cannon. It is soon revealed that Ron is searching for the "Lost Treasure of the Spanish Mane" and by chance, a wave carries the map to the treasure aboard. Tom hides the map, but is warned by the [[ghost]] of the Spanish Mane's captain, Don Diego de Clippershears, that if the map is not put back into its bottle by sunset, a curse will begin. However, the bottle is swept off the ship, leaving Tom with no way to elude the curse.

At one point, Tom and Jerry escape from a [[giant squid]] knocking it out with a cannon. Tom shoots Jerry off Ron's ship, and onto another ship commanded by Ron's brother, Blue Pirate Bob, who also speaks with the help of his parrot, Betty. Jerry tells them about the map to avoid being eaten by [[Spike and Tyke (characters)|Spike]] and alerts them to Ron's ship. Bob's crew manages to steal the map, but Ron retrieves it and shoots down his brother's ship. Ron's crew celebrates, but Jerry stops them by grabbing the treasure bottle from the ship, explaining the reason Tom lost the treasure bottle.

The sun sets, the ghost appears, and begins the curse as a crew of skeleton pirates are called forth. Ron's crew abandons ship, and their lifeboat lands on top of the giant squid that Tom and Jerry fought earlier. For not telling him about the curse (unaware that he can't speak), Ron makes Tom row. Eventually as they near Yo Ho Island, Tom deserts and paddles off on an oar with Jerry following him.

When Tom and Jerry arrive, they fight over who should keep the map. But when Tom falls in quicksand, Jerry saves him. The duo decide to stop fighting so they find the treasure together. After walking for a while, they meet Purple Pirate Paul, Ron and Bob's brother, and his parrot, Chuck. Paul, who leads a crew of monkeys and can actually speak in real words (whilst Chuck can not), tells him how the three used to make treasure maps when they were little aboard their mother's green pirate ship, but after they fought over the map about the Spanish Mane, their mother took all their maps, bottled them, and threw them overboard. Since Paul saw more of the map then his brothers, he took a rowboat to the island to search for the treasure and remained there for the next 40 years. Then, Ron and his crew show up and reunite with Paul, who insists on being called “Barnacle Paul” rather than Purple Pirate Paul, allowing Tom and Jerry to escape.

Tom and Jerry escape the pirates and monkeys and reach Don Diego's tomb, where the treasure is. Don Diego's spirit explains that they must defeat the tomb's guardian to enter: a giant stone chicken. They manage to defeat it and retrieve a stone egg, which is the key to unlocking the tomb's entrance, though Tom ends their partnership due to Jerry using him as live bait. Because the entrance's lock resembles a frying pan, the duo solve the puzzle by cracking open the egg and placing it on the stone pan. After maneuvering through many traps and tests (including crushing pillars and a memory game), they reach the cave that contains the treasure. Don Diego urges Jerry to take it, but this makes Jerry suspicious, sensing a trick. He is proven correct when he sees that he must deal with the treasure's guardian first. Tom rushes inside and is shocked to see the same giant squid from earlier standing guard. When it recognizes Tom, it shrieks in fear and a [[stalactite]] crushes it. Tom and Jerry retrieve some of the treasure and get out. When they exit the tomb, Ron, Paul and Bob (after dismissing their parrots) begin to fight over the treasure. Jerry seizes this opportunity to sneak it onto Bob's ship, which has been fully repaired, and hoist the anchor, causing the ship to start sailing away. Tom and Spike follow Jerry by catapulting themselves onto the ship, where Jerry gives a Spike a gold bone. The three commandeer the ship as it departs from the island, to the pirates’ horror.

In the end, Jerry becomes captain, with Spike being made to pilot the ship, and Tom being made to swab the deck (as punishment for accidentally landing his mouth on Spike’s gold bone); Stan, Betty, and Chuck join Jerry's crew; and all the now stranded pirates run from the stone chicken, which somehow reassembled itself.

== Voice cast ==
* [[William Hanna]] as [[Tom Cat]] and [[Jerry Mouse]] (archive recordings, uncredited)
* [[Kevin Michael Richardson]] as Red Pirate Ron, Blue Pirate Bob and Purple Parrot Chuck
* [[Kathy Najimy]] as Blue Parrot Betty
* [[Charles Nelson Reilly]] as Red Parrot Stan
* [[Wallace Shawn]] as Purple Pirate "Barnacle" Paul and the Narrator
* [[Mark Hamill]] as the spirit of Don Diego de Clippershears
* [[Dan Castellaneta]] as additional voices

== Widescreen ==
''Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers'' was the third ''Tom and Jerry'' film to be filmed in widescreen and the third one to be filmed in the [[High-definition video|high-definition]] format (the first being ''[[Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars]]'' and ''[[Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry]]''), although the Region 1 DVD and the U.S. version of [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] were in [[Full screen (cinema)|full screen]] (cropping the left and right of the image) though not [[pan and scan]] as the camera stays directly in the center of the image. Like other television shows and films filmed in high-definition, the monitor the animation team would have worked from would have 16:9 and 4:3 safe areas so that the full screen version would not crop off too much of any important visual elements (such as characters). However, the film is broadcast in widescreen on [[Cartoon Network]] in the United States and released in widescreen on the Region A Blu-ray.

== Reception ==
David Cornelious of [[DVD Talk]] gave a positive review saying "has enough chuckles in it that it comes recommended to families and fans alike."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cornelious|first=David|date=August 22, 2006|title=Tom and Jerry - Shiver Me Whiskers|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/23448/tom-and-jerry-shiver-me-whiskers/|access-date=June 10, 2020|website=DVD Talk|archive-date=June 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610044317/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/23448/tom-and-jerry-shiver-me-whiskers/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Follow-up film ==
''[[Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale]]'' was released on October 2, 2007.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0808508}}

{{Tom and Jerry}}
{{H-B films}}
{{Warner Bros. animation and comics}}

[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Tom and Jerry films]]
[[Category:2006 animated films]]
[[Category:2006 children's films]]
[[Category:2006 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:2000s American animated films]]
[[Category:2006 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2000s historical films]]
[[Category:2000s children's animated films]]
[[Category:American children's animated action films]]
[[Category:American children's animated adventure films]]
[[Category:American children's animated comedy films]]
[[Category:American children's animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Animated films based on animated series]]
[[Category:American fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:American action adventure films]]
[[Category:American adventure comedy films]]
[[Category:Animated films set on ships]]
[[Category:Slapstick films]]
[[Category:Pirate films]]
[[Category:Films about treasure hunting]]
[[Category:American swashbuckler films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mark Watters]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Animation films]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. direct-to-video animated films]]
[[Category:2000s fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:2006 comedy films]]
[[Category:2000s English-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Scott Jeralds]]
[[Category:English-language action adventure films]]
[[Category:English-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:English-language fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:English-language historical films]]

Artmic

2025-05-02T23:50:53Z

61.21.156.214: /* External links */

{{short description|Japanese animation design studio}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Artmic
| native_name = 有限会社アートミック
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = Yūgen-gaisha Ātomikku
| logo =
| type = [[Yūgen-gaisha]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1978}}
| defunct = {{end date and age|1997}}
| key_people = Toshimichi Suzuki
| num_employees =
| location = [[Japan]]
| industry = [[Anime]]
}}

{{nihongo|'''Artmic Co., Ltd.,'''|有限会社アートミック|Yūgen-gaisha Ātomikku|lead=yes}} was a Japanese [[animation]] [[design studio]] formed in 1978. It went bankrupt and was liquidated in 1997. [[Anime International Company|AIC RIGHTS]] now holds the [[intellectual property]] of most of Artmic's titles. The studio was founded by Toshimichi Suzuki after he left [[Tatsunoko Production]]s in 1978. The company's name is short for "'''Art''' and '''M'''odern '''I'''deology for '''C'''reation".

== Members ==
* [[Kenichi Sonoda]]
* [[Shinji Aramaki]]
* [[Kimitoshi Yamane]]
* [[Hideki Kakinuma]]

== Works ==
=== Feature films and single-episode OVAs ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; margin=auto; "
|-
! Year
! Series title
! Director
! Runtime
! {{nowrap|In partnership}} with
|-
! 1982
| ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1982 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]''
| Fumihiko Takayama
| 80 minutes
| align="left" | [[Topcraft]]
|-
! 1982
| ''[[Techno Police 21C]]''
| Masashi Matsumoto
| 80 minutes
| align="left" | [[Studio Nue]]
|-
! 1985
| ''[[Megazone 23|Megazone 23 – Part I]]''
| [[Noboru Ishiguro]]
| 80 minutes
| align="left" | [[Artland (company)|Artland]]
|-
! 1986
| ''[[Megazone 23|Megazone 23 – Part II]]''
| [[Ichirō Itano]]
| 80 minutes
| align="left" | [[Artland (company)|Artland]]
|-
! 1986
| ''[[Genesis Climber Mospeada|Mospeada: Love Live Alive]]''
| Katsuhisa Yamada
| 50 minutes
| align="left" | [[Tatsunoko Production|Tatsunoko]]
|-
! 1986
| ''[[Wanna-Be's]]''
| Yasuo Hasegawa
| 45 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1986
| ''[[Gall Force|Gall Force: Eternal Story]]''
| [[Katsuhito Akiyama]]
| 85 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1987
| ''[[Gall Force|Gall Force 2: Destruction]]''
| [[Katsuhito Akiyama]]
| 50 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1987
| ''[[Metal Skin Panic MADOX-01]]''
| [[Shinji Aramaki]]
| 40 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1988
| ''[[Gall Force|Ten Little Gall Force]]''
| [[Katsuhito Akiyama]]
| 25 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1988
| ''[[Gall Force|Gall Force 3: Stardust Wars]]''
| [[Katsuhito Akiyama]]
| 60 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1989
| ''[[Riding Bean]]''
| Yasuo Hasegawa
| 50 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1992
| ''Scramble Wars''
| Hiroyuki Fukushima
| 25 minutes
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1996
| ''[[Hikarian]]''
| Chikae Kuwahara
| 25 minutes
| align="left" | Tokyo Kids
|-
|}

=== TV and OVA series ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; margin=auto; "
|-
! Year
! Series title
! Director
! {{abbr|No.|Number}} of episodes
! {{nowrap|In partnership}} with
|-
! 1983
| ''[[Genesis Climber Mospeada]]''
| Katsuhisa Yamada
| 25
| align="left" | [[Tatsunoko Production|Tatsunoko]]
|-
! 1984
| ''[[Galvion|Super High Speed Galvion]]''
| Akira Shigino
| 22
| align="left" | [[Kokusai Eiga-sha|Kokusai Eigasha]]
|-
! 1987
| ''[[Bubblegum Crisis]]''
| [[Katsuhito Akiyama]]
| 8
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1987
| ''[[Dangaioh]]''
| [[Toshiki Hirano]]
| 3
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1988
| ''[[Hades Project Zeorymer]]''
| [[Toshiki Hirano]]
| 4
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1989
| ''[[Megazone 23|Megazone 23 – Part III]]''
| [[Shinji Aramaki]] Kenichi Yatagai
| 2
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1990
| ''Hissatsuman''
| [[Hiroshi Sasagawa]]
| 3
| align="left" | Watanabe Promotion
|-
! 1990
| ''[[AD Police Files|A.D. Police Files]]''
| Takamasa Ikegami [[Akira Nishimori]]
| 3
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1990
| ''[[The Hakkenden|The Hakkenden: Part I]]''
| Takashi Anno
| 6
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1991
| ''[[Bubblegum Crash]]''
| Hiroshi Ishiodori
| 3
| align="left" | [[Artland (company)|Artland]]
|-
! 1991
| ''[[Detonator Orgun]]''
| [[Masami Ōbari|Masami Ohbari]]
| 3
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1992
| ''[[Genesis Survivor Gaiarth]]''
| [[Shinji Aramaki]]
| 3
| align="left" | [[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
! 1993
| ''[[Casshan: Robot Hunter]]''
| Hiroyuki Fukushima
| 4
| align="left" | [[Tatsunoko Pro|Tatsunoko]]
|-
! 1994
| ''[[Genocyber]]''
| [[Koichi Ohata]]
| 5
| align="left" | [[Artland (company)|Artland]]
|-
! 1994
| ''[[Gatchaman (OVA)|Gatchaman]]''
| Akihiko Nishiyama
| 3
| align="left" | [[Tatsunoko Pro|Tatsunoko]]
|-
! 1995
| ''[[Battle Skipper]]''
| [[Takashi Watanabe]]
| 3
| align="left" | Tokyo Kids
|-
! 1996
| ''Power Dolls''
| Tsuneo Tominaga Masamitsu Hidaka
| 2
| align="left" | [[OLM, Inc.|OLM]]
|-
|}

== External links ==
* {{anime News Network|company|737}}

{{Anime International Company}}
{{Japanese animation studios}}

[[Category:Anime International Company]]
[[Category:Mass media companies disestablished in 1997]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Defunct mass media companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese animation studios]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese companies disestablished in 1997]]

{{anime-stub}}

The Wizard of Oz (1982 film)

2025-05-02T10:20:43Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|1982 anime film directed by Fumihiko Takayama}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{About|the 1982 anime film|the more famous 1939 film of the same title|The Wizard of Oz|}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Wizard of Oz オズの魔法使い
| image = Oz no mahotsukai.jpeg
| caption = Japanese videotape cover
| director = Fumihiko Takayama
| writer = Akira Miyazaki
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Mari Okamoto]] [[Kazuo Kumakura]]
| music = [[Joe Hisaishi]] Yuichiro Oda
| cinematography =
| editing = Nobuo Ogawa
| studio = [[Toho]] [[Topcraft]] [[Artmic|Wiz Corporation]]
| distributor = Toho
| released = {{Film date|1982|07|01|ref1=<ref name="cocatalogjpver">{{cite web|url=https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First&Search_Arg=PA0000163423&Search_Code=REGS|title=U.S. Copyright Office entry (Ozu no mahotsukai.)|access-date=June 21, 2021}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 78 minutes
| country = Japan
| language = Japanese
| budget =
| gross =
}}

{{nihongo|'''''The Wizard of Oz'''''|オズの魔法使い|Ozu no Mahōtsukai}} is a 1982 [[anime]] [[feature film]] directed by Fumihiko Takayama, from a screenplay by Akira Miyazaki, which is based on the [[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz|1900 children's novel]] by [[L. Frank Baum]], with [[Yoshimitsu Banno]] and Katsumi Ueno as executive producers for [[Toho]].

== Plot ==
A little girl named [[Dorothy Gale]] lives with her [[Aunt Em]], [[Uncle Henry]] and dog [[Toto (Oz)|Toto]] on their farm in [[Kansas]]. One day when Aunt Em and Uncle Henry are away, a tornado throws their house into the air. Dorothy and Toto end up in the magical [[Land of Oz]], where they are welcomed by the [[Good Witch of the North (Baum)|Good Witch of the North]] and the [[Munchkin|Munchkins]]. The Witch explains to her that her house fell upon the [[Wicked Witch of the East]], freeing the Munchkins from her tyranny. She gives Dorothy the [[Silver Shoes|ruby red slippers]] of the Wicked Witch, but the girl just wants to go home. After consulting her magic blackboard, the Witch tells Dorothy to go to the great [[Wizard of Oz (character)|Wizard of Oz]] in the [[Emerald City]], hoping that he can grant her wish. Before leaving her, she advises her to never leave the [[yellow brick road]] and leaves her protective mark on her forehead with a kiss.

During the journey Dorothy meets: a brainless [[Scarecrow (Oz)|Scarecrow]], a rusty [[Tin Woodman]] who longs for a heart and a [[Cowardly Lion]]. Dorothy agrees to take the three to the Wizard so that he can solve their problems too. Halfway they are attacked by a [[Kalidah]], a creature half tiger and half bear, but they manage to defeat him. After crossing a river on a raft, the four finally arrive to the Emerald City, where the Wizard calls them separately. He appears first to Dorothy in the form of a large talking head, then to the Scarecrow as a beautiful winged lady, to the Tinman as a monster similar to a rhinoceros, and to the Cowardly Lion as a ball of fire. He agrees to grant them their requests, but on the condition that they defeat the [[Wicked Witch of the West]].

The group then heads west, where the Witch has already learned of their arrival from her crystal ball. The Witch tries to stop them by sending a pack of wolves against them, who are promptly defeated by the Tinman. The Witch then sends a flock of crows who take the form of a monstrous giant crow, but this time they are saved by the Scarecrow's cunning. The Witch sends to them her army of [[Winged monkeys|Winged Monkeys]], who manage to capture the group, but without harming Dorothy, as she is protected by the mark of the Witch of the North. The Witch tries to steal the ruby slippers from Dorothy, who during a fight throws a jug of water on her, which makes her shrink and disappear forever.

The [[Winkie country|Winkies]] are finally free from the Witch's slavery and the group of friends returns to the city. Here they discover that the Wizard was actually a humbug. The man explains that he worked as a magician in a circus and one day he got lost with his hot air balloon, ending in the Land of Oz. After persuading Dorothy's friends that they already have what they were looking for, he offers to take Dorothy back to Kansas with her balloon, but due to an inconvenience she and Toto can't get on the balloon. Dorothy has lost all hope of seeing Aunt Em and Uncle Henry again when she receives a visit from [[Glinda]], the Good Witch of the South. Glinda reveals that since her arrival in Oz she has always had the power to return to Kansas with the magic ruby slippers. Dorothy says goodbye to her friends, clicks the heels of her shoes three times and is transported at home with Toto, where they are reunited with Aunt Em and Uncle Henry.

== Cast ==
[[File:WizOzToho.jpg|thumb|The four main characters]]
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Character
!Japanese
!English
|-
![[Dorothy Gale]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~ozu/Oz/ozutoho.html|title=東宝版アニメ「オズの魔法使い」|publisher=Biglobe.ne.jp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521093508/http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~ozu/Oz/ozutoho.html|access-date=April 24, 2013|archive-date=May 21, 2013}}</ref>
|[[Mari Okamoto]]
|[[Aileen Quinn]]
|-
!The [[Wizard of Oz (character)|Wizard]]
|[[Kazuo Kumakura]] Seri Machika (as the Beautiful-Winged Lady)
|[[Lorne Greene]]
|-
![[Scarecrow (Oz)|Scarecrow]]
|Kotobuki Hizuru
|[[Billy Van]]
|-
![[Tin Woodman]]
|[[Jōji Yanami]]
|[[John Stocker (voice actor)|John Stocker]]
|-
![[Cowardly Lion]]
|[[Masashi Amenomori]]
|rowspan="2"|Thick Wilson
|-
![[Omby Amby]]
|Unknown
|-
!The [[Good Witch of the North (Baum)|Good Witch of the North]]
|[[Miyoko Asō]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Elizabeth Hanna]]
|-
!The [[Wicked Witch of the West]]
|Kaori Kishi
|-
![[Glinda the Good Witch|Glinda]], the Good Witch of the South
|[[Kumiko Takizawa]]
|Wendy Thatcher
|-
![[Aunt Em]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Taeko Nakanishi]]
|Unknown
|-
!Jellia Jamb
|Elizabeth Hanna
|-
![[Uncle Henry (Oz)|Uncle Henry]]
|[[Naoki Tatsuta]]
|rowspan="4"|Unknown
|-
![[Toto (Oz)|Toto]]
|Shohei Matsubara
|-
!Omby Amby
|[[Motomu Kiyokawa]]
|-
!Monkey King
|Toshiyuki Yamamoto
|}

== Production ==
The film was produced in 1981 and it was the first animated feature in which Toho participated in the production.<ref name="cocatalogjpver" /> It is notable for its Western character design, unusual in anime. In fact, [[Topcraft]] used to work for American animation studio [[Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment|Rankin/Bass]] at the time. Dorothy's design is therefore derived from ''That Girl in Wonderland'' episode of ''[[The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie]]'', also animated by Topcraft, in which in a sequence Ann Marie imagines herself as Dorothy. Voice actress [[Mari Okamoto]] had already voiced Dorothy in the 1974 [[TBS Television (Japan)|TBS]] dub of the 1939 ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]''. This film's writer, Akira Miyazaki, also wrote for the [[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (TV series)|1986 anime television series]] of the same name.

=== Relation to the novel ===
The film is known for staying particularly close to the novel, its primary elimination being the journey to [[Glinda the Good Witch|Glinda]], which is only now slightly less of a [[deus ex machina]] than in [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|the MGM version]]. Also borrowed from that version are the red "magic shoes" rather than the silver shoes of [[L. Frank Baum|Baum]]'s text. Some familiarity with the later books is clear, as the houses are the same two-chimneyed domes found in the artwork of [[John R. Neill]], who never illustrated the first Oz book. Glinda's appearance is also borrowed from Neill's illustrations of [[Princess Ozma]]. It is one of the rare films to depict the various forms the Wizard appears to each of the travelers, such as the Beautiful-Winged Lady (shown to be a puppet rather than the Wizard in a costume, as in the book), the Terrible Beast (looking like an ordinary [[rhinoceros]]) and the Ball of Fire.

== Music ==
The music was written by future [[Studio Ghibli]]'s composer [[Joe Hisaishi|Jō Hisaishi]] along with Yuichiro Oda and performed by Columbia Orchestra.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=ふらいすとーん |title=Disc. 久石譲『オズの魔法使い』 *Unreleased |url=https://hibikihajime.com/disc/15291/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=久石譲ファンサイト響きはじめの部屋 |date=December 31, 1982 |language=ja}}</ref> The Lyrics were written by Keisuke Yamakawa. The single containing the songs was released in April 1981 (Catalog# CK-584<ref>{{Citation |title=堀江美都子 - だれかが私を待っている |date=April 1981 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/18043384-堀江美都子-だれかが私を待っている |language=it |access-date=2022-10-03}}</ref>).

# "Someone is waiting for me" (だれか私を待っている, ''Dare ka watashi wo matte iru'') (Main theme) (Singer: [[Mitsuko Horie]])
# "What is 1+1?" (1+1は何？, ''Ichi tasu ichi wa nani'') (Insert song) (Singers: Mitsuko Horie and [[Koorogi '73]])
A third song also sung by Horie can be heard in the middle of the film, but it remained untilted never having been released on record.

The English dubbed version featured new different lyrics by [[Sammy Cahn]] and Allen Byrns, all sung by Aileen Quinn.
# "It's Strictly Up to You" (Main theme)
# "I Dream of Home"
# "A Wizard of a Day"

== Release and home media ==
Although it was produced for a theatrical release, the film was eventually released in Japan straight to [[VHS]], [[Betamax]] on July 1, 1982.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name="cocatalogjpver"/> It was also broadcast on [[AT-X (TV network)|AT-X]] as early as December 19, 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.at-x.com/cgi_bin/program/more.cgi?id=20021231033|title=オズの魔法使い|publisher=[[AT-X (TV network)|AT-X]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021222105713/http://www.at-x.com/cgi_bin/program/more.cgi?id=20021231033|access-date=June 21, 2021|archive-date=December 22, 2002}}</ref> The English version of this film, edited by Johann Lowenberg and produced by John Danylkiw, appeared on television and home video in the United States on September 10, 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First&Search_Arg=PA0000230020&Search_Code=REGS|title=U.S. Copyright Office entry (The Wizard of Oz)|access-date=June 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2007 |title=The Wizard of Oz – 1982 – Web Wizard Of Oz |url=http://www.webwizardofoz.com/film_10.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127151836/http://www.webwizardofoz.com/film_10.html |archive-date=January 27, 2022 |access-date=May 4, 2013 }}</ref> Alan L. Gleitsman was the executive producer of Alan Enterprises, which did the English [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]] for the North American release. New Hope Entertainment was also involved in producing the English-dubbed version. It was distributed in English-speaking countries and territories, including the United States and Canada, by Alan Enterprises. [[Paramount Home Entertainment|Paramount Home Video]] released the English dubbed version on VHS, Betamax, Laserdisc, and CED in 1983 and on VHS in 1991.

However, the film was shown in cinemas in some countries in the 1980s, such as [[Czechoslovakia]] and [[Spain]] or in [[Latin America]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o. (FDb.cz), 2003-2019 |first=Filmová databáze |title=Čaroděj ze země OZ (1982) |url=https://www.fdb.cz/film/carodej-ze-zeme-oz-ozu-no-mahotsukai/56462 |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=FDb.cz |language=cs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Mago De Oz [animación] - Ficha eldoblaje.com - Doblaje |url=https://www.eldoblaje.com/datos/FichaPelicula.asp?id=31651 |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=www.eldoblaje.com}}</ref> The film was dubbed into the [[Czech language|Czech]] and [[Slovak language]] except for the songs, which were performed by Japanese singers (from the original Japanese music version). Some other foreign dubs, such as the [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Greek language|Greek]] versions, had this premise edit as well, while the [[French language|French]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] dubs had their own rendition of the songs.

Except for a Polish Japanese-language DVD the movie never got an official DVD release in any other country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Czarnoksiężnik z Krainy Oz» (1982) [DVD] Reżyser: Fumihiko Takayama • DVDmax.pl |url=https://www.dvdmax.pl/czarnoksieznik-z-krainy-oz-dvd,art125169 |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=www.dvdmax.pl}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal |Children's literature|Anime and manga}}
* ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (TV series)|The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]'', a 1986 Japanese anime adaptation of Oz
* [[The Wizard of Oz (adaptations)|''The Wizard of Oz'' adaptations]] — other adaptations of ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0084458|The Wizard of Oz}}
* ''[https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=15346 The Wizard of Oz]'' at [[Anime News Network]]
* [https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/old-school/2003-06-17 Review at Anime News Network, June 17 2003]

{{Oz}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wizard of Oz, The}}
[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:1982 anime films]]
[[Category:Toho animated films]]
[[Category:1980s Japanese-language films]]
[[Category:Topcraft]]
[[Category:Animated films based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]
[[Category:Isekai anime and manga]]
[[Category:Toho films]]
[[Category:Japanese animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Japanese fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Films about witchcraft]]
[[Category:1980s children's animated films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Fumihiko Takayama]]

Wolfen (film)

2025-04-30T10:12:37Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|1981 film by Michael Wadleigh}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Wolfen
| image = Wolfen 1981.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Original 1981 film poster
| director = [[Michael Wadleigh]]
| producer = [[Rupert Hitzig]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* David M. Eyre, Jr.
* Michael Wadleigh
* '''Uncredited:'''
* [[Eric Roth]]}}
| story = {{Plainlist|
* David M. Eyre, Jr.
* Michael Wadleigh}}
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[The Wolfen]]''|[[Whitley Strieber]]}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Albert Finney]]
* [[Diane Venora]]
* [[Edward James Olmos]]
* [[Gregory Hines]]
* [[Tom Noonan]]}}
| music = [[James Horner]]
| cinematography = [[Gerry Fisher]]
| editing = {{Plainlist|
* Marshall M. Borden
* Martin J. Bram
* Dennis Dolan
* [[Chris Lebenzon]]}}
| studio = [[Orion Pictures]]
| distributor = [[Warner Bros.]]
| released = {{Film date|1981|07|24}}
| runtime = 114 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/wolfen-1970-1 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20160404223433/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/wolfen-1970-1 | url-status=dead | archive-date=April 4, 2016 | title=''WOLFEN'' (X) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=September 17, 1981 | access-date=June 14, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $17 million<ref>{{cite news|last1=Harmetz|first1=Aljean|author-link1=Aljean Harmetz|title=HOLLYWOOD IS JOYOUS OVER ITS RECORD GROSSING SUMMER|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/09/movies/hollywood-is-joyous-over-its-record-grossing-summer.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=10 October 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=9 September 1981}}</ref>
| gross = $10.6 million<ref name="mojo"/>
}}

'''''Wolfen''''' is a 1981 American [[Crime film|crime]] [[horror film]] directed by [[Michael Wadleigh]] in his only directional feature film, based on [[Whitley Strieber]]'s 1978 novel ''[[The Wolfen]]''. It stars [[Albert Finney]], [[Diane Venora]], [[Gregory Hines]] and [[Edward James Olmos]]. The film follows a city cop who has been assigned to uncover what is behind a series of vicious murders. Originally, it is believed the murders are animal attacks until the cop discovers an indigenous legend about wolf spirits.

==Plot==
Former [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] Captain Dewey Wilson is brought back to the force and assigned to solve a bizarre string of violent murders after high-profile magnate Christopher Van der Veer, his wife, and his bodyguard are slain in [[Battery Park]]. Executive Security, the private firm employed by Van der Veer, blames the murders on a group of left-wing anarchists, but knowing that the victim's bodyguard was a 300-pound [[Haitians|Haitian]] with [[Haitian Vodou|voodoo]] ties leads Wilson to doubt this theory because the bodyguard was torn apart with ruthless efficiency (the anarchists are mostly activist bomb makers, not violent assassins). With pressure to solve the case coming from both the Police Commissioner and the Mayor, Wilson is partnered with [[Forensic psychology|criminal psychologist]] Rebecca Neff.

Elsewhere, in the [[South Bronx]], a homeless man explores an abandoned church that is scheduled to be demolished by Van der Veer's development company. He is killed by an unseen monstrous being. Wilson and Neff investigate his murder. At the church, the apparent sounds of a baby crying lure Neff up to the bell tower. Wilson follows her, but does not hear the crying; once Neff is separated from him, he hears a wolf howl. He goes up after Neff and drags her to safety. Later that night, a bridge worker is apparently murdered by the same creature.

Coroner Whittington discovers non-human hairs on several victims and consults a [[zoologist]] named Ferguson, who identifies the hairs as belonging to an unknown [[subspecies]] of ''[[Canis lupus]]''. Ferguson compares wolves to [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] in how they were both hunted to near extinction by colonizing imports. Inspired, Wilson finds Eddie Holt, a militant Native activist he arrested some years previously, working in construction. While Wilson interrogates Holt on top of the [[Manhattan Bridge]], Holt claims to be a [[shapeshifter]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fangoria.com/moviestv/3971-from-the-files-of-fangoria-never-call-a-wolfen-a-werewolf.html |title=FROM the FILES of FANGORIA: Never Call a WOLFEN a Werewolf |access-date=2010-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113235529/http://fangoria.com/moviestv/3971-from-the-files-of-fangoria-never-call-a-wolfen-a-werewolf.html |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> which implicates him as the killer. Wilson opts to leave Holt alone and tail him that night.

Following animal clues, Ferguson goes to [[Central Park]], where a creature ambushes and kills him in a tunnel. Wilson spends the remainder of his night with Neff and they have sex. The following morning, a man in a [[jogging suit]] rides Ferguson's motorcycle past Wilson as he leaves Neff's apartment. Whittington and Wilson stake out the church, armed with sniper rifles and sound equipment; after Whittington almost blows his ears out by opening a beer can near a [[parabolic microphone]], an animal that appears to be a wolf kills him. Meanwhile, Executive Security apprehends a "[[Götterdämmerung]]" terrorist cell in connection with the Van der Veer slaying.

A traumatized Wilson escapes the church and finds himself at the nearby Wigwam Bar, where Holt and his friends are drinking. The group of Natives reveals the true nature of the killer as "Wolfen", the wolf spirit. They explain that the Wolfen have extraordinary abilities and "might be gods". Holt tells Wilson that he cannot fight the Wolfen, stating: "You don't have the eyes of the hunter, you have the eyes of the dead". The leader of the group, the Old Indian, informs Wilson that the Wolfen kill to protect their hunting ground and target "the elderly, the sick--those who will not be missed". It is also inferred by the killing of Ferguson, who was neither sick nor elderly, that Wolfen are not desirous of the friendship •or• understanding of non-Native Americans. Get too close as Ferguson did and the Wolfen will act or react. Wilson resolves to end his involvement in the Van der Veer case but he, Neff, and Wilson's superior, Warren, are cornered on [[Wall Street]] by the Wolfen [[pack (canine)|pack]]. Warren is warned to stay perfectly still yet soon tries to escape the Wolfen but fails to get away. Meanwhile, Wilson and Neff flee into a nearby building.

Wilson and Neff are shortly thereafter cornered in Van der Veer's penthouse by the pack, led by its white [[alpha male]]. Wilson smashes the model of the construction project that threatened their hunting ground, trying to communicate that the threat no longer exists and that he and Neff are not enemies. The Wolfen vanish just as the police barge in. Wilson claims the attack was made by terrorists. In a voiceover, Wilson explains that Wolfen will continue preying on weak and isolated members of the human herd as humans do to each other through class conflict. Wolfen will continue being invisible to humanity because of their nature; not that of spirits but predators, who are higher on the [[food chain]] than humans. The last scene is Eddie and his friends looking at the city from the bridge.

==Cast==
* [[Albert Finney]] as Detective Dewey Wilson
* [[Diane Venora]] as Detective Rebecca Neff
* [[Edward James Olmos]] as Eddie Holt
* [[Gregory Hines]] as Coroner Whittington
* [[Tom Noonan]] as Ferguson
* [[Dick O'Neill]] as Captain Warren
* [[Dehl Berti]] as Old Indian
* [[Peter Michael Goetz]] as Ross
* [[Reginald VelJohnson]] as Morgue Attendant
* [[James Tolkan]] as "Baldy", The Medical Examiner
* [[Raymond Serra]] as Detective
* [[Donald Symington]] as Lawyer
* [[Roy Brocksmith]] as Fat Jogger In Park
* [[Rino Thunder]] as Native American
* [[Tom Waits]] as Drunken Bar Owner (uncredited)

==Production==
The film is known for its early use of an [[in-camera effect]] to portray the subjective [[Perspective (graphical)|point of view]] of a wolf. Similar to [[thermography]], the technique was later adopted by other horror films such as the [[Predator (franchise)|''Predator'' film series]]. The setting for the transient home of the wolves was shot in the South Bronx (intersection of Louis Niñé Boulevard and Boston Road).

The church seen in the opening panorama shot was located at the intersection of E 172nd Street and Seabury Place. The shot of this neighborhood is from the north looking roughly south-south-east. The decrepit site of ruined buildings was no special effect; the church was built and burned exclusively for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/nyregion/23bronx.html|title=In the Bronx, Capturing Beauty in the Bad Old Days of 1979|first=David|last=Gonzalez|date=August 21, 2009|access-date=September 23, 2017|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Urban decay]] in the South Bronx in the early 1980s was so widespread that it was the ideal production setting.

[[Dustin Hoffman]] was interested in portraying the role of Dewey Wilson but Wadleigh insisted on Albert Finney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://joethemnmovieman.com/2012/10/15/31-days-to-scare-wolfen/|title=31 DAYS TO SCARE ~ WOLFEN|date=15 October 2012|quote=Finney is an unusual choice for this role but he was the one the director wanted (Wadleigh flat out refused to let Dustin Hoffman have the role despite his repeated pleadings for it)|access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref> According to [[Roger Ebert]], the film was originally to have been distributed by [[United Artists]].<ref name="ebert81"/> With claims of being overbudget and being over schedule, [[Orion Pictures]] tried to have Wadleigh fired. A contentious dispute led to Wadleigh being allowed to shoot what he needed before being let go while retaining director credit, while [[John D. Hancock]] would be brought in to supervise the ADR sessions after the film got cut down to an acceptable length by [[Richard Chew]], who was not credited for his work.

==Release==
''Wolfen'' was released theatrically in the United States by Orion Pictures through [[Warner Bros.]] on July 24, 1981. The film grossed only $10,626,725 at the box office.<ref name="mojo">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=wolfen.htm|title=Wolfen|publisher=boxofficemojo.com|access-date=2011-03-31}}</ref> It was released just a few months after another werewolf feature in ''[[The Howling (film)|The Howling]]'', and less than a month before ''[[An American Werewolf in London]]''; both of which outperformed Wolfen at the box office.

===Home media===
''Wolfen'' was released on [[DVD]] by [[Warner Home Video]] on August 13, 2002. Warner Home Video would later re-release the film in 2004 and 2007, with the latter release being a part of its two-disk "Horror: 4 Film Favorites" pack. On June 2, 2015, it was released for the first time on [[Blu-ray]] by [[Warner Archive Collection]].<ref name="alolmoviereleases">{{cite web |title=Wolfen (1981) - Michael Wadleigh |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/wolfen-v55042/releases |website=Allmovie.com |publisher=Allmovie |access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref>

===Reception and legacy===
On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], ''Wolfen'' holds a 77% approval rating based on 26 critic reviews, with an [[weighted arithmetic mean|average rating]] of 6.3/10. The consensus reads: “Police procedural meets werewolf flick in ''Wolfen'', a creepy creature feature with a surprisingly profound side.”<ref name="rottomatoes">{{cite web |title=Possum (2018) – Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wolfen |website=Rotten Tomatoes.com |publisher=Fandango Media |access-date=30 November 2023}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally positive reviews".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/wolfen/critic-reviews|title=Wolfen reviews|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |work=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref>

[[Roger Ebert]] gave the film three and a half out of a possible four stars, calling it, "an uncommonly intelligent treatment of a theme that is usually just exploited."<ref name="ebert81">{{cite web|last1=Ebert|first1=Roger|title=Wolfen Movie Review & Film Summary|url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/wolfen-1981|website=Roger Ebert.com|publisher=Roger Ebert|access-date=14 November 2016}}</ref> There was some disagreement if ''Wolfen'' is about [[Werewolf|werewolves]]. ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' called it a "werewolf movie,"<ref>Keith Uhlich, "[https://timeout.com/newyork/film/new-york-movies-wolfen-video Wolfen (1981), directed by Michael Wadleigh and starring Albert Finney (VIDEO)], ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'', 3 July 2012, URL accessed 11 May 2013</ref> but [[Roger Ebert]] asserted ''Wolfen'' "is not about werewolves but is about the possibility that Indians and wolves can exchange souls."<ref name="ebert81"/>

It was nominated for Four Saturn Awards including Best Horror Film, Best Director for Wadleigh and Best Actor for Finney.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/1982/1?ref_=ttawd_ev_1 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (1982) - IMDb]</ref>

A poster for the film can be seen in an alleyway in the film ''[[Joker (2019 film)|Joker]]'' toward the film's conclusion.<ref>[https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/joker-dc-comics-batman-easter-eggs-reference-guide/ Joker - Complete DC Comics and Batman Easter Egg Reference Guide - Den of Geek]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{AFI film|56717}}
* {{IMDb title|0083336}}
* {{mojo title|wolfen}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|wolfen}}

{{Whitley Strieber}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wolfen (Film)}}
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 horror films]]
[[Category:American supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Films scored by James Horner]]
[[Category:Films set in the Bronx]]
[[Category:Films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:Films based on American horror novels]]
[[Category:American werewolf films]]
[[Category:Orion Pictures films]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Whitley Strieber]]
[[Category:Films directed by Michael Wadleigh]]
[[Category:1980s English-language films]]
[[Category:1980s American films]]
[[Category:Films about Native Americans]]
[[Category:English-language horror films]]

Template:Keenen Ivory Wayans

2025-04-22T23:04:27Z

61.21.156.214:

{{navbox
|name = Keenen Ivory Wayans
|title = Works by [[Keenen Ivory Wayans]]
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|listclass = hlist

|group1 = Films directed
|list1 =
* ''[[I'm Gonna Git You Sucka]]'' (1988, also writer)
* ''[[A Low Down Dirty Shame]]'' (1994, also writer)
* ''[[Scary Movie]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Scary Movie 2]]'' (2001)
* ''[[White Chicks]]'' (2004, also produced and writer)
* ''[[Little Man (2006 film)|Little Man]]'' (2006, also produced and writer)

| group2 = Films produced only
| list2 =
* ''[[Eddie Murphy Raw]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Dance Flick]]'' (2009, also writer)

| group3 = Films written only
| list3 =
* ''[[Hollywood Shuffle]]'' (1987)
* ''[[The Five Heartbeats]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Most Wanted (1997 film)|Most Wanted]]'' (1997)

|group4 = TV series created
|list4 =
* ''[[In Living Color]]'' (1990–94)
}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wayans, Keenen Ivory}}
[[Category:American film director navigational boxes]]
[[Category:American film producer navigational boxes]]
[[Category:Television creator templates]]
</noinclude>

Alfred R. Kahn

2025-04-16T22:58:48Z

61.21.156.214:

{{short description|American executive (born 1947)}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| image_size = 150px
| name = Alfred R. Kahn
| caption =
| birth_name = Alfred Robert Kahn
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|1|18|mf=yes}}<ref name="honors coleco">{{cite news|last=Dougherty|first=Philip H.|title=Cabbage Patch Honors For a Coleco Executive|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/29/business/advertising-cabbage-patch-honors-for-a-coleco-executive.html?sq=%22alfred+r+kahn%22&scp=2&st=nyt|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 29, 1983|accessdate=February 22, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=O'Brien|first=Kathleen|title=What They're Reading|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/17/business/what-they-re-reading.html?sq=%22alfred+r+kahn%22&scp=6&st=nyt|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 17, 2002|accessdate=February 22, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Who's Who">{{cite web|title=Alfred Robert Kahn profile|url=http://bios.marquiswhoswho.com/alfred_robert_kahn/toy_manufacturing_company_executive/5531434|work=Who's Who in Finance and Business, 24th, 34th Editions; Who's Who in America, 58th, 59th Editions|publisher=Marquis|accessdate=April 26, 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128104700/http://bios.marquiswhoswho.com/alfred_robert_kahn/toy_manufacturing_company_executive/5531434|archive-date=January 28, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = [[LIU Post]]
| occupation = {{ubl|Former CEO & Chairman of [[4Kids Entertainment]]|Chairman of Kidtagious Entertainment}}
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]]''|''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters|Yu-Gi-Oh!]]''}}
}}

'''Alfred Robert Kahn''' (born January 18, 1947) is an American executive. From 1991 to 2011, he was chairman and [[CEO]] of [[4Kids Entertainment]], a company that is a global provider of children's entertainment and merchandise licensing.<ref name="businessweek">{{cite web|title=Alfred Kahn: Executive Profile & Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/1485122|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221234618/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=284412&symbol=KDE|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 21, 2007|work=[[BusinessWeek]]|date=February 22, 2008|accessdate=February 22, 2008}}</ref> He previously led the licensing division for the [[Coleco]] company.<ref name="honors coleco"/> In 1995,<ref name="Edgar Online">{{cite web|url=https://yahoo.brand.edgar-online.com/displayfilinginfo.aspx?FilingID=1273361-1510-115119&type=sect&TabIndex=2&companyid=2289&ppu=%252fdefault.aspx%253fcompanyid%253d2289|title=10-K(Pages 2 and 16)|work=Edgar Online|date=January 4, 1996|accessdate=August 19, 2016}}</ref> he turned Leisure Concepts, Inc. into [[4Kids Entertainment]], having previously served as chairman and CEO of the company since March 12, 1991.<ref name="Edgar Online"/> In 2002, he founded the National Law Enforcement and Firefighters Children's Foundation.<ref name="law">{{cite web|title=Founder|url=https://www.nleafcf.org/?page_id=78|publisher=National Law Enforcement and Firefighters Children's Foundation|access-date=October 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313121714/http://www.nleafcf.org/?page_id=78|archive-date=March 13, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2012, he co-founded CraneKahn LLC and was the CEO and co-owner of that company.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = LIU NotableAlumni|url = https://www.liu.edu/Home/Global/Articles/NotableAlumni|website = www.liu.edu|access-date = January 18, 2016}}</ref> In 2019, CraneKahn folded into Kidtagious Entertainment and became as a successor company of 4Kids Entertainment.<ref name=":1" />

Kahn also serves on the board of directors of the Federal Drug Agents Foundation, Children's Tumor Foundation, [[Stephen Gaynor School for Learning Difficulties]], [[Long Island University]], and [[Bette Midler]]'s New York Restoration Project.<ref name="law"/> He has also appeared in various conferences surrounding the [[anime]] industry.

==Career==
{{further|4Kids Entertainment}}
Born in [[Brooklyn]] to Murray and Lilyane Kaplan Kahn,<ref name="Who's Who"/> Alfred R. Kahn graduated from [[Long Island University C.W. Post Campus|C.W. Post College at Long Island University]].<ref name="honors coleco"/> Previously the head of the licensing division for [[Coleco]], Kahn joined Leisure Concepts, Inc., turning that company into [[4Kids Entertainment]], for which he became vice chairman in July 1987 and later chairman and CEO in 1991.<ref name="businessweek"/> 4Kids eventually became the largest trading entity in [[North America]] in the 1990s due to its success of licensing [[Japan]]ese [[anime]] series ''[[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]]'' and ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters|Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'' among many others, as well as producing American series like ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''.<ref name="ann">{{cite web|last=Pennington|first=Steven|title=Alfred R. Kahn interview|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interview/2005-04-24/alfred-r-kahn|publisher= [[Anime News Network]]|date=April 24, 2005|accessdate=August 16, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070816153936/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interview/2005-04-24/alfred-r-kahn| archivedate= August 16, 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Kahn has been the [[executive producer]] for numerous other 4Kids properties, including ''[[G.I. Joe Sigma 6]]'' and ''[[Cubix]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alfred R. Kahn - Filmography|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/person/272688/Alfred-R-Kahn/filmography|accessdate=November 23, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211143138/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/272688/Alfred-R-Kahn/filmography| archivedate= December 11, 2007 |department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2007| url-status= dead}}</ref>

In September 2002, Kahn founded the National Law Enforcement and Firefighters Children's Foundation to help the children of law enforcement personnel and [[firefighting|firefighters]] and fund anti-drug and anti-violence programs. Kahn also serves on the board of directors of the Federal Drug Agents Foundation, the [[Children's Tumor Foundation]], the Stephen Gaynor School for Learning Difficulties, [[Long Island University]], and [[Bette Midler]]'s New York Restoration Project.<ref name="law"/>

On June 22, 2005, LIMA, the International Licensing Industry Merchandisers' Association, inducted Kahn into the Murray Altchuler Licensing Hall of Fame for his "continual and outstanding" contributions to the licensing industry for over 10 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=4Kids CEO Honored|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-01-13/4kids-ceo-honored |publisher=Anime News Network|date=January 13, 2005|accessdate=January 6, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.4kidsentertainment.com/docs/news/2005-0623.pdf |title=Kahn Inducted Into Murray Altchuler Licensing Hall Of Fame|publisher=4kidsentertainment.com|date=June 23, 2005 |accessdate=August 22, 2016
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614224952/http://www.4kidsentertainment.com/docs/news/2005-0623.pdf|archivedate=June 14, 2006}}</ref> Over those 10 years, Kahn and 4Kids had licensed such huge and popular [[Property rights (economics)|properties]] such as ''[[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]]'', ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'', ''[[Tokyo Mew Mew]]'' and ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''.

Kahn also won the 2006 Spirit of Achievement award from the National Center for Learning Disabilities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alfred R. Kahn: 2006 Spirit of Achievement Award|url=http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=886|publisher=National Center for Learning Disabilities|year=2006|accessdate=November 23, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071222010159/http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=886| archivedate= December 22, 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

In December 2007, Kahn served as a panelist in the ICv2 Conference on Anime and Manga in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=Conference Panelists |url= https://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/11471/conference-panelists |publisher=ICv2|date=October 22, 2007|accessdate=February 21, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080111052631/http://www.icv2.com/articles/home/11471.html| archivedate= January 11, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> There, he commented about the Japanese [[manga]] industry that "mainga (''sic'') is dying in Japan". This particular comment sparked some derisive comments from fans. Rich Johnson of Yen Press replied to the previous comment, stating that manga was still a billion dollar industry in a down phase.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sparks Fly at ICv2 Anime/Manga Conference|url=https://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/11741/sparks-fly-icv2-anime-manga-conference|publisher=ICv2|date=December 7, 2007|accessdate=December 12, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071209112000/http://www.icv2.com/articles/home/11741.html| archivedate= December 9, 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Kahn retired as the CEO of 4Kids Entertainment on January 11, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110111005818/en/4Kids-Entertainment-Chairman-CEO-Alfred-Kahn-Retires|title=4Kids Entertainment Chairman and CEO, Alfred R Kahn, Retires|publisher=BusinessWire|date=January 11, 2011}}</ref> in 2018, Kahn joined Ecomi which focuses on digital licenses for [[Disney]], [[Marvel Entertainment|Marvel]] and [[DC Comics]], among others.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Alfred Kahn - Ecomi Head of Licensing |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRgPkhI8Gg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/qBRgPkhI8Gg |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |url-status=live|website=YouTube |accessdate=May 14, 2020 |date=October 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Kahn founded CraneKahn LLC with his wife Jillian Crane in early 2012, acting as the CEO of the company.<ref name=":0" /> CraneKahn is an intellectual property development and marketing company. They also act as consultants for a variety of companies helping to develop and monetize their brands. In 2019, CraneKahn changed its name to Kidtagious Entertainment and became as a successor company of 4Kids Entertainment.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Kidtagious Entertainment|url=https://www.kidtagious.com/|website=Kidtagious Entertainment|language=en-US|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref>

==Criticism and controversy==
{{see also|Editing of anime in distribution}}
Kahn incited controversy during a manga panel at the 2006 [[New York Comic Con]] when he bluntly stated "Kids today don't read, they read less today." This incited a negative reaction from many of those present in the room, mainly librarians and other representatives of the publishing industry. He later elaborated on his comment by saying that, "In every survey, we find that they're watching more television, they're on the Internet more, and that content, although being king, is very disposable. Because the way content gets put out now, it gets put out free. "<ref>{{cite news|title='Manga is a Problem' and Other Highlights from the ICv2 Graphic Novel Conference|url=https://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/8313/manga-is-problem|publisher=ICv2|date=March 5, 2006|accessdate=September 1, 2006| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060904032550/http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/8313.html| archivedate= September 4, 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> [[Viz Media]]'s Liza Coppola responded to Kahn's words by bringing up Viz's partnership with the Read for America literacy campaign, stating "Manga is a great medium to bring kids back to reading." [[Publishers Weekly]] went on to note in their online article that "(Kahn) noted that many people in the U.S. walk around with MP3 players or other electronic devices, whereas in Japan, everyone on the subway seems to have a '3,000-page manga'."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cha|first=Kai-Ming|title=Manga: Essential or Disposable?|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6310451.html?text=manga|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|date=February 24, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225213745/http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6310451.html?text=manga|archivedate=February 25, 2008}}</ref>

Kahn has caused a lot of controversy among fans of [[anime]] who believe that his "[[Americanization]]" and [[censorship]] of anime licensed by 4Kids tarnishes their original format. In a 2005 interview with [[Anime News Network]], Kahn defended his company's actions by claiming that such actions are necessary to make the series appeal better to children. In response to such criticism, 4Kids Entertainment eventually released unedited versions of their licensed series ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters|Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'' and ''[[Shaman King]]'' in the fall of 2004, but the releases were terminated in spring 2005.<ref name="ann"/>

==See also==
* [[Norman J. Grossfeld]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0434782/

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kahn, Alfred R.}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American chief executives]]
[[Category:Television producers from New York City]]
[[Category:Anime industry]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Brooklyn]]

Tohokushinsha Film

2025-04-14T11:16:31Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Japanese film distributor & production company}}
{{Expand Japanese|東北新社|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Tohokushinsha Film Corporation
|native_name = 株式会社東北新社
|native_name_lang = ja
|romanized_name = Kabushiki gaisha Tōhokushinsha
|logo = Tohokushinsha Film Corporation logo.svg
|logo_size = 250px
|type = [[Listed company|Public]] [[family business|family-controlled]] [[kabushiki gaisha|KK]]
|traded_as = {{TYO|2329}} {{NAG|2329}}
|foundation = {{Start date and age|1961|04|01}}
|founder = Banjirō Uemura
|key_people = Keiichi Kosaka (President & CEO/ Representative Director)
|industry = [[film distributor|Film distribution]], [[production company]], [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing studio]]
|owner = Hisako Uemura (21.61%) Ryo Uermura (16.33%)
|homepage = [https://www.tfc.co.jp/ Tohokushinsha Film Corporation]
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Tohokushinsha Film Corporation'''|株式会社東北新社|Kabushiki gaisha Tōhokushinsha}} is a Japanese [[film distributor]], [[production company]] and [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing studio]] based in [[Akasaka, Tokyo|Akasaka]], [[Minato, Tokyo]]. It was founded in 1961 by Banjirō Uemura (who was also once the head of the Japanese branch of [[ITC Entertainment]]) as a dubbing house for foreign films; members of the Uemura family continue as its largest shareholders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=会社概要・アクセス│企業情報│東北新社 |url=https://archive.today/20210305171614/https://www.tfc.co.jp/company/info |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=archive.md}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TOHOKUSHINSHA FILM CORPORATION |url=https://www.tfc.co.jp/english/company/history/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=TOHOKUSHINSHA FILM CORPORATION |language=en}}</ref>

== Anime ==
* ''[[Adventures of the Little Koala]]''
* ''[[Aikatsu Planet!]]''
* ''[[Amon Saga]]''
* ''[[Appleseed (2004 film)|Appleseed]]''
* ''[[Assemble Insert]]''
* ''[[Brave Raideen]]''
* ''[[Garo: The Animation|Garo series]]''
* ''[[Gundam Reconguista in G]]''
* ''[[Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro]]''
* ''[[Lupin the 3rd: The Mystery of Mamo]]''
* ''[[Bye Bye, Lady Liberty|Lupin III: Bye Bye, Lady Liberty]]''
* ''[[Green vs. Red|Lupin III: Green vs. Red]]''
* ''[[Mr Locomotive]]''
* ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn|Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn RE:00096]]''
* ''[[Mary and the Witch's Flower]]''
* ''[[Mai Mai Miracle]]''
* ''[[The New Adventures of Gigantor|New Tetsujin-28]]''
* ''[[Paranoia Agent]]''
* ''[[Patlabor]]''
** ''[[Patlabor: The Movie]]''
** ''[[Patlabor 2: The Movie]]''
** ''[[WXIII: Patlabor the Movie 3]]''
* ''[[Ray the Animation]]''
* ''[[Saikano]]''
** ''Saikano: Another Love Song''
* ''[[Sherlock Hound]]''
* ''[[Spirited Away]]''
* ''[[Space Adventure Cobra: The Movie]]''
* ''[[Tachiguishi-Retsuden]]''
* ''[[Tetsuko no Tabi]]''
* ''[[Tweeny Witches]]''
* ''[[The Wind Rises]]''
* ''[[Windy Tales]]''

== Films ==
* ''[[Aikatsu Planet! The Movie]]''
* ''[[Fine, Totally Fine]]''
* ''[[Hasami Otoko]]''
* ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]''
* ''[[Love Com|Lovely Complex]]''
* ''[[Marie Antoinette (2006 film)|Marie Antoinette]]'' (distributed for [[Japan]]ese release)
* ''[[Message from Space]] (with [[Toei Company]])''
* ''[[Mechanical Violator Hakaider]] (with [[Toei Company]])
* ''[[Onmyoji (film)|Onmyoji]]''
** ''[[Onmyoji 2]]''
* ''[[Shark Skin Man and Peach Hip Girl]]''
* ''[[Somewhere (film)|Somewhere]]'' (distributed for Japanese release)

== Games ==
* ''[[Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back]]''
* ''[[Crash Nitro Kart]]''
* ''[[Dark Cloud]]''
* ''[[Final Fantasy XV]]''
* ''[[Final Fantasy XVI]]''
* ''[[Ico]]''
* ''[[Kinect Disneyland Adventures]]''
* ''[[The Last Guardian]]''
* ''[[Lupin the 3rd: Treasure of the Sorcerer King]]''
* ''[[Mister Mosquito]]''
* ''[[Ni No Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch]]''
* ''[[Novastorm]]''
* ''[[Shadow of the Colossus]]''
* ''[[Soulcalibur IV]]''
* ''[[Sonic Generations]]''
* ''[[Sonic Adventure DX: Director's Cut]]''
* ''[[Soulcalibur Legends]]''
* ''[[SkyGunner]]''
* ''[[Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots]]''
* ''[[Ultraman Powered (video game)|Ultraman Powered]]''
* ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog (2006 video game)|Sonic The Hedgehog (2006)]]''

== Live-action series ==
* ''[[Garo (TV series)|GARO]]''
* ''[[Aikatsu Planet!]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{in lang|ja}} [https://www.tfc.co.jp/ Tohokushinsha Film Corporation]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://www.tfc.co.jp/english Tohokushinsha corporate information]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mass media companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Anime companies]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1961]]
[[Category:Mass media in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Japanese dubbing studios]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1961]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Nagoya Stock Exchange]]

{{Film-company-stub}}
{{japan-company-stub}}

Frank Wills (security guard)

2025-04-12T04:07:31Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|American security guard who foiled the break-in that triggered the Watergate scandal}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Frank Wills
| birth_date = {{birth date|1948|2|4}}
| birth_place = [[Savannah, Georgia]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2000|9|27|1948|2|4}}
| death_place = [[Medical College of Georgia]], [[Augusta, Georgia]], U.S.
| education = [[Job Corps]]
| occupation = Security guard
| known_for = Foiling the 1972 [[Democratic National Committee|DNC]] break-in, which triggered the [[Watergate scandal]]
}}

'''Frank Wills''' (February 4, 1948 – September 27, 2000) was an American security guard best known for his role in foiling the June 17, 1972 break-in at the [[Democratic National Committee]] inside the [[Watergate complex]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] Then 24, Wills called the police after discovering that locks at the complex had been tampered with. Five men were arrested inside the Democratic headquarters, which they had planned to [[Covert listening device|bug]]. The arrests triggered the [[Watergate scandal]] and eventually the resignation of President [[Richard Nixon|Richard M. Nixon]] in 1974.[[File:1311 - 1317 22nd Street, NW.JPG|thumb|Former residence (red building) of Frank Wills, located in the [[Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C.|Dupont Circle]] neighborhood of [[Washington, D.C.]]]] Although hailed as a hero, Wills did not receive much financial reward or a promotion and later had difficulty finding work. He did media appearances and played himself in the 1976 film ''[[All the President's Men (film)|All the President's Men]]'',<ref name=obit>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/29/us/frank-wills-52-watchman-foiled-watergate-break-in.html | title=Frank Wills, 52; Watchman Foiled Watergate Break-In | newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=September 29, 2000 | access-date=July 10, 2012 | author=Clymer, Adam |url-access=limited}}</ref> but spent much of his life jobless and in poverty.

==Early life==
Wills was born in [[Savannah, Georgia]] on February 4, 1948. His parents [[Legal separation|separated]] when he was a child and he was primarily raised by his mother, Margie.<ref name=hero>{{cite web|title=Frank WIlls - The Hero of Watergate - History|url=https://spybusters.com/History_1972_Frank_WIlls.html|access-date=17 April 2014}}</ref>

After dropping out of [[Secondary education in the United States|high school]] in 11th grade, Wills studied heavy machine operations in [[Battle Creek, Michigan]]<ref name="Booker">{{cite web|last=Booker|first=Simeon|title=Untold Story of Black Hero of Watergate|url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/underground_news/pdf/Untold_Story_Frank_Willis.pdf|access-date=17 April 2014}}</ref> and earned his [[General Educational Development|equivalency degree]] from the [[Job Corps]].<ref name=oshea/> He found an assembly-line job working for [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. He later had to give up his assembly-line job due to health issues, namely asthma. Wills then traveled to Washington, D.C., and worked at a few hotels before landing a job as a security guard at the Watergate hotel.<ref name="Booker"/>

==Watergate hotel==
{{Watergate|Related}}
{{Further|Watergate scandal#Wiretapping of the Democratic Party's headquarters}}
In June 1972, Wills, at the age of 24, was working as a private security guard at the [[Watergate Hotel|Watergate office building]] on the shores of the [[Potomac River]].<ref name="Booker"/> This was the location of the [[Democratic National Committee]] (DNC) headquarters. In the one year that Wills had worked there, there had been only one attempted burglary. In fact, it was considered so safe that security officers in the building carried around only a can of mace.<ref name="Booker"/>

In the early hours of the morning of June 17,<ref name="Watergate.info">{{cite web | url = http://www.watergate.info/burglary/wills-security-log.shtml | title = Frank Wills' Watergate Security Log | publisher = Watergate.info}}</ref> Wills noticed a piece of [[duct tape]] on one of the door locks when he was making his first round.<ref name="obit" /> The tape was placed over the latch bolt to prevent the door from latching shut. He removed the tape and continued on his patrol. Thirty minutes later, Wills returned to the door and noticed there was more tape on the same door. Without hesitation, Wills rushed up to the lobby telephone and asked for the Second Precinct police.<ref name="Booker"/> The police turned off the elevators and locked the doors while accompanying Wills to search the offices one by one. Five men were found in the DNC offices. Wills recalled in 1997, "When we turned the lights on, one person, then two persons, then three persons came out, and on down the line."<ref name="TimeRetrospective">{{citation|url = https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942983-1,00.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121107191632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942983-1,00.html |url-status = dead |archive-date = November 7, 2012 | title = Watergate retrospective: the decline and fall|magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date = August 19, 1974}}</ref> Details that emerged during their questioning and trials triggered the [[Watergate scandal]]. The five men arrested were [[Bernard L. Barker]], [[Virgilio Gonzalez]], [[Eugenio Martinez]], [[James W. McCord Jr.]], and [[Frank Sturgis]].<ref name=obit/>

==Aftermath==
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | video1 = [https://www.wnyc.org/story/nixon-resigns-and-someone-wrote-a-song/ The Ballad of a Watergate Security Guard], 2:32, sung by the [[Frederick Douglass Kirkpatrick|Reverend Douglas Kirkpatrick]], [[WNYC]]<ref name="wnyc">{{cite web | title =The Ballad of a Watergate Security Guard | publisher =[[WNYC]] | url =http://www.wnyc.org/story/nixon-resigns-and-someone-wrote-a-song/ | access-date =January 4, 2013 }}</ref> }}

One story reports that after the Watergate break-in, he received a raise of $2.50<ref name=oshea/> per week ({{Inflation|US|2.5|1972|r=0|fmt=eq}}) above his previous $80 per week salary ({{Inflation|US|80|1972|r=-1|fmt=eq}}). Another story states he wanted, but did not receive, a promotion for discovering the burglary.<ref name=AARegistry>{{cite web | url = https://aaregistry.org/story/frank-wills-truth-will-set-you-free | title = Frank Wills, the truth will set you free! | publisher = African American Registry}}</ref>

According to ''The New York Times'', Wills quit his job because he did not receive a raise. He then struggled staying employed because media opportunities and appearances kept him away from work, most of which consisted of minimum wage jobs.<ref name="obit" />

Wills played himself in the 1976 film ''[[All the President's Men (film)|All the President's Men]].'' The book and film were based on [[Bob Woodward]] and [[Carl Bernstein]]'s 1974 [[All the President's Men|book]] accounting their investigation into the Watergate scandal. Wills also appeared briefly on the talk show circuit.<ref name=AARegistry/>

Wills' log entry made on June 17, 1972, at 1:47 a.m. is memorialized in the [[nara:304970|National Archives]].

==Later life and poverty==
Over the next 20 years, Wills struggled to establish and maintain roots and stability while suffering bouts of unemployment. He shuttled between [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] and other southern cities, with some time spent in [[The Bahamas]].<ref name=AARegistry/> He said in an interview that [[Howard University]] feared losing their federal funding if they hired him. A security job with [[Georgetown University]] did not last long.<ref name=oshea/> Also, he worked in a failed stint as a diet food spokesperson for the comedian [[Dick Gregory]].<ref name=AARegistry/>

In the mid-1970s,<ref name=AARegistry/> Wills finally settled in [[North Augusta, South Carolina]], to care for his aging mother, who had suffered a stroke. Together, they survived on her $450 per month [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] checks.<ref name=oshea>{{cite news | last = O'Shea | first = Margaret N. |date = 30 September 2000 | url = http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/2000/09/30/met_298668.shtml | title = Watergate guard led quiet life | work = [[The Augusta Chronicle]]}}</ref> In 1979, Wills was convicted of [[shoplifting]] and fined $20.<ref name="Jet; March 7, 1983">{{cite journal |author= |title=Wills Appeals One Year Shoplifting Sentence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6 |journal=Jet |location=Chicago |publisher=Johnson Publishing Co. Inc. |volume=63 |issue=25 |page=6 |issn=0021-5996 |date=March 7, 1983 |access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref> Four years later, he was convicted of shoplifting a pair of sneakers from a store in [[Augusta, Georgia]] and sentenced to one year in prison.<ref name="Jet; March 7, 1983"/> By the time of his mother's death in 1993,<ref name=AARegistry/> Wills was so destitute that he had to donate her body to medical research because he had no money with which to bury her.<ref name=oshea/>

Only when significant anniversaries of the Watergate break-in occurred did the waning spotlight reach out towards him again. In 1992, on the 20th anniversary of the burglary of the DNC headquarters, reporters asked if he were given the chance to do it all over again, would he? Wills replied with annoyance, "That's like asking me if I'd rather be white than black. It was just a part of destiny."<ref>{{cite web|last=Woo|first=Elaine|title=Frank Wills; Guard Discovered Watergate Break-In|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-29-2-story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418233831/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/sep/29/local/me-28706/2|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=17 April 2014 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> That same year, Wills told a ''[[Boston Globe]]'' reporter, "I put my life on the line. I went out of my way.... If it wasn't for me, Woodward and Bernstein would not have known anything about Watergate. This wasn't finding a dollar under a couch somewhere."<ref name="The Washington Post; September 20, 2000">{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Adam |date=September 20, 2000 |title=Frank Wills; Detected Watergate Break-In |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/18/AR2009061802602.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 18, 2015}}</ref> Wills was quoted saying, "Everybody tells me I'm some kind of hero, but I certainly don't have any hard evidence. I did what I was hired to do but still I feel a lot of folk don't want to give me credit, that is, a chance to move upward in my job".<ref name="Booker"/>

Otherwise, Wills tended his garden, made the local library his study, and led a quiet life with his cats.<ref name=oshea/> Frank Wills died at the [[Medical College of Georgia]] hospital in [[Augusta, Georgia]], at the age of 52, from a brain tumor.<ref name=hero/>

==Recognition==
Frank Wills was honored by the [[NAACP]]. The civil rights organization presented him with a truck.<ref name=oshea/>

Musician [[Harry Nilsson]] dedicated his 1973 album ''[[A Little Touch of Schmilsson in the Night]]'' to Wills for his role in bringing down [[Nixon]].<ref name=oshea/>

The Democratic National Committee gave Wills an award, and the chairman said he had played "a unique role in the history of the nation."<ref name="obit" />

According to Wills' obituary in ''[[The New York Times]]'', the "most eloquent description of his role" in American history came on July 29, 1974; Rep. [[James Mann (South Carolina politician)|James Mann]] (D-South Carolina), while casting his vote to impeach Nixon on the House Judiciary Committee, said:<blockquote>"If there is no accountability, another president will feel free to do as he chooses. But the next time there may be no watchman in the night."<ref name="obit" /></blockquote>

==In popular culture==
Wills portrayed himself, discovering the break-in in the opening scene of the 1976 film, ''[[All the President's Men (film)|All the President's Men]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title="All the President's Men." AFI Catalog.|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/53913|access-date=2023-07-09}}</ref>

An alternative version of events is depicted in the 1994 film, ''[[Forrest Gump]]'', in which Wills (voice actor uncredited) is alerted to the burglary when answering a call from the eponymous hotel guest who was disturbed by the burglars’ flashlights.

In 2004, an imaginary scene of Wills discovering the taped door latches was enacted in the film ''[[She Hate Me]]'', directed by [[Spike Lee]], starring [[Anthony Mackie]] and [[Kerry Washington]].

In 2017, Wills discovering the taped door latches was enacted as the closing scene of the film ''[[The Post (film)|The Post]]'', directed by [[Steven Spielberg]], starring [[Meryl Streep]] and [[Tom Hanks]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-the-post-watergate-security-guard-20171222-story.html |title='The Post' and the forgotten security guard who discovered the Watergate break-in |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=22 December 2017 |first=Deneen L. |last=Brown}}</ref>

In 2022, Wills was portrayed by Patrick Walker in the [[political thriller]] television limited series ''[[Gaslit (TV series)|Gaslit]]'' on Starz, starring [[Julia Roberts]] and [[Sean Penn]], which depicts Wills making his rounds at the hotel and discovering the door being taped open two different times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Patrick Walker on playing forgotten hero Frank Wills in Gaslit |url=https://www.blackfilmandtv.com/exclusives/exclusive-patrick-walker-on-playing-forgotten-hero-frank-wills-in-gaslit |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=BlackFilmandTV.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2023, Wills was portrayed by Eddie K. Robinson Jr. in the third episode of the [[HBO]] miniseries ''[[White House Plumbers (miniseries)|White House Plumbers]]''.<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |title=White House Plumbers |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11468254/reference/ |website=IMDb.com |publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. |access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wills, Frank}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American people]]
[[Category:Deaths from brain cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:People from Dupont Circle]]
[[Category:People from North Augusta, South Carolina]]
[[Category:People from Savannah, Georgia]]
[[Category:Security guards convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Watergate scandal investigators]]

Template:Michelangelo Antonioni

2025-04-11T23:36:51Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Navbox
|name = Michelangelo Antonioni
|title = [[Michelangelo Antonioni]]
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|listclass = hlist
|group1 = Feature films
|list1 =
* ''[[Story of a Love Affair]]'' (1950)
* ''[[I Vinti]]'' (1952)
* ''[[The Lady Without Camelias]]'' (1953)
* ''[[Le Amiche]]'' (1955)
* ''[[Il Grido]]'' (1957)
* ''[[L'Avventura]]'' (1960)
* ''[[La Notte]]'' (1961)
* ''[[L'Eclisse]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Red Desert (film)|Red Desert]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Blowup]]'' (1966)
* ''[[Zabriskie Point (film)|Zabriskie Point]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Chung Kuo, Cina]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Passenger (1975 film)|The Passenger]]'' (1975)
* ''[[The Mystery of Oberwald]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Identification of a Woman]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Beyond the Clouds (1995 film)|Beyond the Clouds]]'' (1995)
|group2 = Short films
|list2 =
* ''[[Gente del Po]]'' (1947)
* ''[[N.U. (film)|N.U.]]'' (1948)
* ''[[Lies of Love]]'' (1949)
* ''[[The Funicular of Mount Faloria]]'' (1950)
* "Attempted Suicide" in ''[[Love in the City (1953 film)|Love in the City]]'' (1953)
* "The Screen Test" in ''[[The Three Faces]]'' (1965)
* "The Dangerous Thread of Things" in ''[[Eros (film)|Eros]]'' (2004)
|group3 = Book
|list3 =
* ''[[That Bowling Alley on the Tiber]]'' (1983)
}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Italian film director navigational boxes|Antonioni]]

</noinclude>

Famous Classic Tales

2025-03-17T10:44:48Z

61.21.156.214: /* Home video release */

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Anthology]] [[Television special]]
| producer = [[Neil Balnaves]] Walter J. Hucker [[William Hanna]] [[Joseph Barbera]]
| runtime = 30–60 minutes
| company = [[Endemol Australia|Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.]] Air Programs International [[Ruby-Spears|Ruby-Spears Enterprises]]
| country = United States Australia
| language = English
| network = [[CBS]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|1970|11|1}}
| last_aired = {{End date|1984|11|23}}
| num_series =
| num_episodes = 31
| list_episodes =
| related = ''[[Family Classic Tales]]'' ''[[ABC Afterschool Special]]'' ''[[The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie]]''
}}
'''''Famous Classic Tales''''' is an animated [[anthology series|anthology]] television series featuring [[animation|animated]] adaptations of classic [[children's stories]] which aired on [[CBS]] from 1970 to 1984. The series was produced by the [[Endemol Australia|Australian division]] of [[Hanna-Barbera]] and Air Programs International (API), also from Australia, but the thirtieth installment was animated by [[Ruby-Spears|Ruby-Spears Enterprises]].

== Overview ==
''Famous Classic Tales'' was broadcast on [[CBS]] and distributed by [[GoodTimes Entertainment|Kids Klassics Home Video]] and [[Storybook World]]. It had cartoons from Sydney-based API's ''[[Family Classic Tales]]''. Featured cartoons included adaptions of classic literature such as ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'', ''[[Treasure Island]]'', ''[[Black Beauty]]'', ''[[Moby-Dick]]'', and many others.

The creation of a series of animated features based on classic children's stories was conceived by Jack Thinnes, Media Director at Sive Advertising in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. The series was created for a Sive client, toy manufacturer [[Kenner Products]], and each program was fully sponsored by Kenner on CBS Television Network on Sunday, late afternoon or early evening, during the prime toy selling season before Christmas. In 1983, the show was billed as ''Kenner Family Classics''.

The idea to use classic children's books sprang from Thinnes' viewing of a two-minute demo of Dickens' ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', which was produced by Walter J. Hucker's studio, Air Programs International (API), of Sydney, Australia. API was acquired by [[Hanna-Barbera]] in 1972 after Thinnes introduced the owners of the studios to one another. After the series ran on CBS for nearly ten years, it was moved into local syndication by Sive's syndication department. However, their adaptation of ''A Christmas Carol'' was such a favorite that it continued to run on the network for fifteen years.<ref>[http://fa02.blogspot.ca/2014/04/famous-classic-tales.html Famous Classic Tales].</ref>

A similar series, ''[[Festival of Family Classics]]'', was produced by [[Rankin/Bass]] and aired in syndication in 1972–1973.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Perlmutter |first1=David |title=The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows |date=2018 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1538103739 |page=204}}</ref>

== Episode list ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Nº
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Airdate
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Director(s)
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Production
|-
| 1 || [[Washington Irving|Tales of Washington Irving]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/408/mode/2up |pages=408–409}}</ref> || November 1, 1970 || Zoran Janjic || Air Programs International
|-
| 2 || [[A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/94/mode/2up |pages=95–97}}</ref> || November 26, 1970 || Zoran Janjic || Air Programs International
|-
| 3 || [[A Christmas Carol]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/76/mode/2up |page=76}}</ref> || December 13, 1970 || Zoran Janjic || Air Programs International
|-
| 4 || [[Robin Hood|The Legend of Robin Hood]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/242/mode/2up |pages=243–244}}</ref> || November 14, 1971 || Zoran Janjic || Air Programs International
|-
| 5 || [[Treasure Island]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/422/mode/2up |pages=422–423}}</ref> || November 28, 1971 || Zoran Janjic || Air Programs International
|-
| 6 || [[Marco Polo|Travels of Marco Polo]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/262/mode/2up |pages=263–264}}</ref> || January 1, 1972 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 7 || [[Robinson Crusoe]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/343/mode/2up |pages=342–343}}</ref> || November 23, 1972 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 8 || [[The Prince and the Pauper]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/314/mode/2up |pages=314–315}}</ref> || November 26, 1972 || [[Chris Cuddington]] || Air Programs International
|-
| 9 || [[The Count of Monte Cristo]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/98/mode/2up |pages=98–99}}</ref> || September 23, 1973 || [[William Hanna]], [[Joseph Barbera]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 10 || [[Kidnapped (novel)|Kidnapped]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/230/mode/2up |page=231}}</ref> || October 22, 1973 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 11 || [[The Swiss Family Robinson]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/404/mode/2up |page=404}}</ref> || October 28, 1973 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 12 || [[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/430/mode/2up |pages=431–433}}</ref> || November 22, 1973 || [[William Hanna]], [[Joseph Barbera]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 13 || [[The Three Musketeers (1973 animated film)|The Three Musketeers]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/416/mode/2up |pages=416–417}}</ref> || November 23, 1973 || [[William Hanna]], [[Joseph Barbera]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 14 || [[The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Two Roses|The Black Arrow]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/34/mode/2up |page=34}}</ref> || December 2, 1973 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 15 || [[The Mikado|The Gentlemen of Titipu]] || January 15, 1974 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 16 || [[Moby-Dick]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/276/mode/2up |page=276}}</ref> || January 1, 1975 || [[Richard Slapczynski]] || Air Programs International
|-
| 17 || [[The Mysterious Island]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/282/mode/2up |pages=283–284}}</ref> || November 15, 1975 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 18 || [[The Last of the Mohicans]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/240/mode/2up |pages=240–241}}</ref> || November 27, 1975 || [[Charles August Nichols|Charles A. Nichols]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 19 || [[Ivanhoe]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/222/mode/2up |page=222}}</ref> || November 27, 1975 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 20 || [[From the Earth to the Moon]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/162/mode/2up |pages=163–164}}</ref> || January 1, 1976 || [[Richard Slapczynski]] || Air Programs International
|-
| 21 || [[Off on a Comet]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/292/mode/2up |page=293}}</ref> || January 1, 1976 || [[Richard Slapczynski]] || Air Programs International
|-
| 22 || [[Master of the World (novel)|Master of the World]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/264/mode/2up |page=264}}</ref> || October 23, 1976 || Leif Gram || Air Programs International
|-
| 23 || [[Davy Crockett|Davy Crockett on the Mississippi]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/106/mode/2up |pages=106–108}}</ref> || November 20, 1976 || [[Charles August Nichols|Charles A. Nichols]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 24 || [[Journey to the Center of the Earth|A Journey to the Center of the Earth]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/230/mode/2up |page=230}}</ref> || November 13, 1977 || [[Richard Slapczynski]] || Air Programs International
|-
| 25 || [[Five Weeks in a Balloon]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/146/mode/2up |pages=147–148}}</ref> || November 24, 1977 || [[Chris Cuddington]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 26 || [[Black Beauty (1978 film)|Black Beauty]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/34/mode/2up |pages=34–35}}</ref> || October 28, 1978 || [[Chris Cuddington]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 27 || [[Gulliver's Travels]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/180/mode/2up |pages=180–181}}</ref> || November 18, 1979 || [[Chris Cuddington]] || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 28 || [[Sinbad the Sailor|The Adventures of Sinbad]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/3/mode/2up |pages=3–4}}</ref> || November 23, 1979 || [[Richard Slapczynski]] || Air Programs International
|-
| 29 || [[Daniel Boone]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/104/mode/2up |pages=105–106}}</ref> || November 27, 1981 || Geoff Collins || Hanna-Barbera Pty, Ltd.
|-
| 30 || [[Beauty and the Beast]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/2/mode/2up |page=3}}</ref> || November 25, 1983 || [[Rudy Larriva]] || Ruby-Spears Enterprises
|-
| 31 || [[Adventures of Huckleberry Finn|The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woolery |first1=George W. |title=Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987 |date=1989 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-2198-2 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/animatedtvspecia0000wool/page/28/mode/2up |page=29}}</ref> || November 23, 1984 || Paul McAdam || Air Programs International
|}

== Home video release ==
Several of the ''Famous Classic Tales'' specials were released on [[VHS]] by [[Worldvision Enterprises|Worldvision Home Video]], [[GoodTimes Entertainment]], [[Lionsgate Canada|Fox Lorber]], Kids Klassics, [[Hanna-Barbera|Hanna-Barbera Home Video]] and [[Turner Entertainment#Home video|Turner Home Entertainment]]. Several other stories made it to [[DVD]] afterwards, including a 2007 release from [[Endemol Australia|Southern Star]] by [[Lionsgate Canada|Koch Vision]] titled '''Hanna-Barbera Storybook Favorites''' which featured ''The Last of the Mohicans'', ''Black Beauty'' and ''Gulliver's Travels''. All of these are now out of print.

[[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment|Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] currently handled home video distribution rights to several of the ''Famous Classic Tales'' specials (due to [[Endemol Shine Australia]]'s parent company [[Endemol Shine Group]] was acquired by and folded into [[Banijay Entertainment|Banijay]] on July 3, 2020 and [[Neil Balnaves]]'s death of boating accident on February 21, 2022).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1970 American animated television series debuts]]
[[Category:1984 American television series endings]]
[[Category:1970s American animated television series]]
[[Category:1980s American animated television series]]
[[Category:1970s American anthology television series]]
[[Category:1980s American anthology television series]]
[[Category:1970s American children's television series]]
[[Category:1980s American children's television series]]
[[Category:1970s American television specials]]
[[Category:1980s American television specials]]
[[Category:American children's animated anthology television series]]
[[Category:1970 Australian television series debuts]]
[[Category:1984 Australian television series endings]]
[[Category:1970s Australian animated television series]]
[[Category:American English-language television shows]]
[[Category:CBS television specials]]
[[Category:Hanna-Barbera television specials]]
[[Category:Television series by Hanna-Barbera]]
[[Category:Television shows based on works by Jules Verne]]
[[Category:American folklore films and television series]]
[[Category:Tall tales]]
[[Category:CBS animated television series]]

Dead Presidents, Vol. 2

2025-03-12T15:08:15Z

61.21.156.214:

{{refimprove|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Dead Presidents, Vol. 2
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Various artists
| cover = Dead Presidents OST 2.jpg
| alt =
| released = April 2, 1996
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[funk]], [[Soul music|soul]]
| length = 46:11
| label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
| producer =
| chronology = ''Dead Presidents'' soundtracks
| prev_title = [[Dead Presidents (soundtrack)|Dead Presidents]]
| prev_year = 1995
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = [[Allmusic]]
| rev1Score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref>{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r233104}}</ref>
| noprose = yes
}}
'''''Dead Presidents, Vol. 2''''' is the second soundtrack released for the film, ''[[Dead Presidents]]''. It was released on April 2, 1996, through [[Capitol Records]]. After the success of the first soundtrack, Capitol Records decided to release a second soundtrack. However, this one failed to match the success of the first, only reaching #45 on the [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart. Like the first, it consists of 1970s era funk and soul music.

== Track listing ==
{{Tracklist
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| total_length =
| all_writing =
| title1 = [[I Got the Feelin']]
| extra1 = [[James Brown]]
| length1 = 2:38
| title2 = [[Keep on Pushing]]
| extra2 = [[The Impressions]]
| length2 = 2:32
| title3 = [[Smiling Faces Sometimes]]
| extra3 = [[The Undisputed Truth]]
| length3 = 3:15
| title4 = Right On for the Darkness
| extra4 = [[Curtis Mayfield]]
| length4 = 7:24
| title5 = [[Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)]]
| extra5 = [[The Temptations]]
| length5 = 3:51
| title6 = [[Cowboys to Girls]]
| writer6 =
| extra6 = [[The Intruders (music group)|The Intruders]]
| length6 = 2:36
| title7 = [[Never Give You Up]]
| extra7 = [[Jerry Butler (singer)|Jerry Butler]]
| length7 = 2:56
| title8 = [[I Was Made to Love Her (song)|I Was Made to Love Her]]
| writer8 =
| extra8 = [[Stevie Wonder]]
| length8 = 2:36
| title9 = Man Oh Man
| writer9 =
| extra9 = The Impressions
| length9 = 3:04
| title10 = [[When Something Is Wrong with My Baby]]
| extra10 = [[Sam & Dave]]
| length10 = 3:15
| title11 = We the People Who Are Darker Than Blue
| note11 = Live
| extra11 = Curtis Mayfield
| length11 = 8:42
| title12 = [[Ain't That a Groove]]
| extra12 = James Brown
| length12 = 3:32
}}

== Personnel and credits ==
* Executive-Producer – [[Hughes brothers|Albert Hughes, Allen Hughes]], Darryl Porter
* Executive-Producer [Co-Executive] – Bonnie Greenberg
* Art Direction – Jeff Fey
* Soundtrack Coordinator – Kim Niemi, Lisa Brown
* Design – Kevin Hosmann
* Management – Ira Selsky, Jill Meyers
* Mastered – Wally Traugott
* Production Assistant – Annmarie Deringer, Tonya Sanders

{{small|Liner notes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/10074177-Various-Dead-Presidents-Volume-II-Music-From-The-Motion-Picture|title=Dead Presidents: Volume 2 - Soundtrack (1996, CD Album)|website=[[Discogs]] |year=1996 }}</ref>

== Charts ==
=== Weekly charts ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1996)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
{{album chart|BillboardRandBHipHop|45|artist=Soundtrack|rowheader=true|accessdate=January 19, 2021}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{soundtrack-album-stub}}

[[Category:Film soundtracks]]
[[Category:1996 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Capitol Records soundtracks]]

Dead Presidents (soundtrack)

2025-03-12T15:07:13Z

61.21.156.214:

{{refimprove|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Dead Presidents
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Various artists
| cover = Dead Presidents OST.jpg
| alt =
| released = September 26, 1995
| recorded = 1967–1973
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[funk]], [[Soul music|soul]]
| length = 74:31
| label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
| producer =
| chronology = ''Dead Presidents'' soundtracks
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Dead Presidents, Vol. 2]]
| next_year = 1996
}}
{{Album ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r224034|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic review]</ref>
}}
'''''Dead Presidents''''' is the first of two soundtracks to the 1995 film, ''[[Dead Presidents]]''. It was released on September 26, 1995, by [[Capitol Records]] and consists of 1970s R&B, funk and soul music. The soundtrack was very successful, reaching #14 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] and #1 on the [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] charts, and was certified gold on December 1, 1995. The soundtrack's success led Capitol Records to release a second volume the following year.

== Track listing ==
{{Tracklist
| headline =
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| total_length =
| all_writing =
| title1 = [[If You Want Me to Stay]]
| extra1 = [[Sly and the Family Stone]]
| length1 = 2:58
| title2 = [[Walk On By (song)|Walk On By]]
| extra2 = [[Isaac Hayes]]
| length2 = 4:34
| title3 = [[The Payback (song)|The Payback]]
| extra3 = [[James Brown]]
| length3 = 7:41
| title4 = [[I'll Be Around (The Spinners song)|I'll Be Around]]
| extra4 = [[The Spinners (American R&B group)|The Spinners]]
| length4 = 3:10
| title5 = [[Never, Never Gonna Give Ya Up]]
| extra5 = [[Barry White]]
| length5 = 7:58
| title6 = I Miss You
| writer6 =
| extra6 = [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]]
| length6 = 8:28
| title7 = Get Up and Get Down
| extra7 = [[The Dramatics]]
| length7 = 3:11
| title8 = [[(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go|(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below We're All Going to Go]]
| writer8 =
| extra8 = [[Curtis Mayfield]]
| length8 = 7:44
| title9 = [[Do Right Woman, Do Right Man]]
| writer9 =
| extra9 = [[Aretha Franklin]]
| length9 = 3:15
| title10 = [[Where Is the Love (Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway song)|Where Is the Love]]
| extra10 = [[Jesse Campbell (singer)|Jesse]] & Trina
| length10 = 4:12
| title11 = [[Tired of Being Alone]]
| extra11 = [[Al Green]]
| length11 = 2:48
| title12 = [[Love Train]]
| extra12 = [[The O'Jays]]
| length12 = 2:58
| title13 = [[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]
| extra13 = Isaac Hayes
| length13 = 11:13
| title14 = Dead Presidents [Theme]
| extra14 =
| length14 = 4:21
}}

'''Notes'''
* "Dead Presidents [Theme]" composed and conducted by [[Danny Elfman]].

== Personnel and credits ==
* Executive-Producer, Album Producer – [[Hughes brothers|Albert Hughes, Allen Hughes]], Darryl Porter
* Executive-Producer, Co-Executive Album Producer – Bonnie Greenberg
* Lacquer Cut – Wally
* Mastered – Wally Traugott

{{small|Liner album notes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/1603977-Various-Dead-Presidents|title=Dead Presidents - Soundtrack (1995, Album)|website=[[Discogs]] |year=1995 }}</ref>

== Charts ==
{{col-start}}
{{col-2}}

=== Weekly charts ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1995)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
{{album chart|Billboard200|14|artist=Soundtrack|rowheader=true|accessdate=January 19, 2021}}
|-
{{album chart|BillboardRandBHipHop|1|artist=Soundtrack|rowheader=true|accessdate=January 19, 2021}}
|}
{{col-2}}

=== Year-end charts ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1995)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1995/top-r-and-b-hip-hop-albums|title=Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 1995|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=January 19, 2021}}</ref>
| 58
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (1996)
! scope="col"| Position
|-
! scope="row"| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1996/top-r-and-b-hip-hop-albums|title=Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 1996|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=January 19, 2021}}</ref>
| 75
|}
{{col-end}}

== Certifications ==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=album|region=United States|artist=Soundtrack|title=Dead Presidents|award=Gold|relyear=1995|certyear=1995|refname=riaa}}
{{Certification Table Bottom | nosales=true}}

== See also ==
* [[List of number-one R&B albums of 1995 (U.S.)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Thriller film soundtracks]]
[[Category:1995 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Capitol Records soundtracks]]

{{soundtrack-album-stub}}

Template:Hughes brothers

2025-03-12T14:54:01Z

61.21.156.214:

{{navbox
|name = Hughes brothers
|title = Works directed by [[Hughes brothers|Albert and Allen Hughes]]
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|listclass = hlist
|group1 = Together
|list1 =
* ''[[Menace II Society]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Dead Presidents]]'' (1995)
* ''[[American Pimp]]'' (1999)
* ''[[From Hell (film)|From Hell]]'' (2001)
* ''[[The Book of Eli]]'' (2010)
|group2 = Allen only
|list2 =
* ''[[Knights of the South Bronx]]'' (2005)
* ''[[New York, I Love You]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Broken City]]'' (2013)
* ''[[The Defiant Ones (TV series)|The Defiant Ones]]'' (2017)
|group3 = Albert only
|list3 =
* ''[[Alpha (2018 film)|Alpha]]'' (2018)
}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:American film director navigational boxes|Hughes brothers]]
</noinclude>

Deadly Blessing

2025-03-06T22:58:54Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|1981 film by Wes Craven}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Deadly Blessing
| image = Deadlyblessing.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Wes Craven]]
| producer = Patricia Herskovic Max A. Keller Micheline H. Keller
| screenplay = Glenn M. Benest Matthew Barr Wes Craven
| story = Glenn M. Benest Matthew Barr
| starring = [[Maren Jensen]] [[Lisa Hartman]] [[Sharon Stone]] [[Susan Buckner]] [[Jeff East]] [[Lois Nettleton]] [[Ernest Borgnine]]
| music = [[James Horner]]
| cinematography = Robert Jessup
| editing = Robert Bracken
| studio = [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment|PolyGram Pictures]] Inter Planetary
| distributor = [[United Artists]]
| released = {{Film date|1981|08|14}}
| runtime = 100 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $2.5–3 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56579|title=AFI|Catalog|website=Catalog.afi.com|access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
| gross = $8.3 million (USA)<ref>{{Mojo title|deadlyblessing}}</ref>
}}
'''''Deadly Blessing''''' is a 1981 American [[slasher film]] directed by [[Wes Craven]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/films/deadly-blessing/|publisher=[[Film Society of Lincoln Center]]|access-date=December 29, 2016|title=Deadly Blessing}}</ref> The film tells the story of a strange figure committing murder in a contemporary community that is not far from another community that believes in ancient evil and curses. It stars [[Ernest Borgnine]], [[Maren Jensen]], [[Susan Buckner]] (both women making their last feature film screen appearances), and [[Sharon Stone]] in an early role. [[AllMovie]] comments that the film "finds director Wes Craven in a transitional phase between his hard-hitting early work and his later commercial successes."<ref name="AllMovie review">{{cite web |url=https://allmovie.com/movie/deadly-blessing-v12752/review |title=Deadly Blessing (1981) |last=Guarisco |first=Donald |work=[[AllMovie]] |publisher=[[RhythmOne]] |access-date=August 8, 2012}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Martha and Jim Schmidt live on an isolated farm named "Our Blessing." Most of their neighbors are "Hittites", an austere religious community led by Isaiah Schmidt who forbids any interaction with non-Hittites. After breaking up a fight between one Hittite member, William Gluntz and another, more artistically minded neighbor, Faith Stohler, Jim finds "[[incubus]]" scrawled on the wall of his barn. Later that night, Jim is killed when his tractor suddenly starts up and crushes him against the wall. Isaiah and other Hittites observe Jim's funeral, as he was a lapsed member of their community; they consider Martha to be an incubus for having lured him away from their religion.

Martha's friends Lana Marcus and Vicky Anderson visit the farm, hoping to persuade her to return to Los Angeles. While creeping around Our Blessing at night, William is stabbed in the back by a black-dressed figure. The following day, while looking for William, Isaiah, who was Jim's father, offers to buy the farm from Martha, but she angrily refuses. Lana is nearly trapped in the barn by the black-dressed figure. As she escapes, she finds William's corpse hanging from a rope. The Sheriff advises the three friends to leave town, as someone may be after them. However, they decide to stay. When Isaiah finds out that Jim's brother John has been seeing Vicky, he beats then exiles him. John meets Vicky outside the cinema and she lets John drive her car, giving him a sense of freedom. They stop at the side of a road and begin to make out but they are killed by the black-dressed figure.

Lana, overwhelmed by disturbing dreams, begins to believe that death is pursuing her. Martha discovers that Jim's grave has been dug up and the casket filled with chickens from the Stohlers' farm. In their barn, she finds Jim's body and an altar to her. John's estranged fiancée Melissa arrives reciting a ritual of exorcism but is attacked by Faith's mother, Louisa. Faith and Louisa, who hate the Hittites, have been the black-dressed figures murdering them. Martha struggles with them and tears open Faith's shirt, revealing her to be a man who has been in love with Martha. They pursue Martha to Our Blessing. There, Lana kills Louisa and a late-arriving Melissa stabs Faith to death. In a religious fervor, Melissa threatens Martha next, but an even-more-late-arriving Isaiah assures her that the messenger of the incubus has already been killed.

The day after, Lana returns to LA. Though Jim's ghost tries to warn her, the incubus bursts through the floor and drags Martha to hell.

== Cast ==
{{div col}}
* [[Maren Jensen]] as Martha Schmidt
* [[Sharon Stone]] as Lana Marcus
* [[Susan Buckner]] as Vicky Anderson
* [[Jeff East]] as John Schmidt
* Colleen Riley as Melissa
* [[Douglas Barr]] as Jim Schmidt
* [[Lisa Hartman Black|Lisa Hartman]] as Faith Stohler
* [[Lois Nettleton]] as Louisa Stohler
* [[Ernest Borgnine]] as Isaiah Schmidt
* [[Michael Berryman]] as William Gluntz
* [[Kevin Cooney (actor)|Kevin Cooney]] as Sheriff
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
The film was shot [[Filming location|on location]] in [[Waxahachie, Texas|Waxahachie]], [[Texas]]. Actor [[Michael Berryman]] had previously worked with Craven on ''[[The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)|The Hills Have Eyes]]'' playing a similar character.

[[Universal Pictures]], the primary distributor for [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment|PolyGram]]-produced films at the time, chose not to pick up the finished project; it was instead released in theatres by [[United Artists]] and was the final United Artists film to be owned by [[Transamerica Corporation]] after being acquired by [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] on July 28, 1981.

== Reception ==
[[Academy Award]]-winner [[Ernest Borgnine]] was nominated for a [[Golden Raspberry Award|Razzie award]] for "Worst Supporting Actor" for this film.

''Deadly Blessing'' has been poorly received by critics. It currently holds a 33% approval rating on [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on 9 reviews with an average rating of 4.70/10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deadly_blessing|title=Deadly Blessing (1981)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media]]|access-date=July 3, 2018}}</ref> AllMovie called the film ultimately disappointing, but wrote that it has "enough eccentricities and stylish flourishes to make it worthwhile for fans of vintage horror."<ref name="AllMovie review"/> [[Time Out (company)|Time Out]] wrote, "''Deadly Blessing'' isn't a very good movie, but it holds out distinct promise that Craven will soon be in the front rank of horror filmmakers", calling it "an excellent example of a mundane project elevated into quite a palatable genre movie by its director."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timeout.com/film/reviews/65087/deadly_blessing.html |author=DP |title=Deadly Blessing |work=[[Time Out (company)|Time Out London]] |access-date=August 8, 2012 }} {{dead link|date=June 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Home media ==
On January 22, 2013, [[Shout! Factory]] released a Collector's Edition of the film on [[Blu-ray]] and [[DVD]] under license from [[Universal Pictures Home Entertainment|Universal Studios]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dreadcentral.com/news/61296/scream-factory-announces-bonus-features-deadly-blessing-collectors-edition-blu-ray|title=Scream Factory Announces Bonus Features for Deadly Blessing Collector's Edition Blu-ray and DVD|last=Moore|first=Debi|work=[[Dread Central]]|date=November 1, 2012|access-date=May 25, 2014}}</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0082245}}
* {{AFI film|56579}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|deadly_blessing}}

{{Wes Craven}}

[[Category:1981 horror films]]
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[[Category:1980s slasher films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Wes Craven]]
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[[Category:1980s English-language films]]
[[Category:Films set on farms]]
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[[Category:Films scored by James Horner]]
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Template:Wes Craven

2025-03-06T22:57:47Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Navbox
|name = Wes Craven
|title = Films directed by [[Wes Craven]]
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|bodyclass = hlist

|above =
* [[Wes Craven filmography|Filmography]]
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Wes Craven|Awards and nominations]]

| group1 = Feature films
| list1 =
* ''[[The Last House on the Left]]'' (1972)
* ''[[The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)|The Hills Have Eyes]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Deadly Blessing]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Swamp Thing (1982 film)|Swamp Thing]]'' (1982)
* ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street]]'' (1984)
* ''[[The Hills Have Eyes Part II]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Deadly Friend]]'' (1986)
* ''[[The Serpent and the Rainbow (film)|The Serpent and the Rainbow]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Shocker (film)|Shocker]]'' (1989)
* ''[[The People Under the Stairs]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Wes Craven's New Nightmare]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Vampire in Brooklyn]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Scream (1996 film)|Scream]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Scream 2]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Music of the Heart]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Scream 3]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Cursed (2005 film)|Cursed]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Red Eye (2005 American film)|Red Eye]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Paris, je t'aime]]'' (segment ''Père-Lachaise'', 2006)
* ''[[My Soul to Take]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Scream 4]]'' (2011)

| group2 = Television films
| list2 =
* ''[[Stranger in Our House]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Invitation to Hell (1984 film)|Invitation to Hell]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Wes Craven's Chiller|Chiller]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Night Visions (film)|Night Visions]]'' (1990)
}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:American film director navigational boxes|Craven, Wes]]
</noinclude>

Litton Industries

2025-03-01T03:11:10Z

61.21.156.214:

{{Short description|Defunct American defense contractor}}
{{Infobox company
| image =
| name = Litton Industries, Inc.
| logo = Litton logo.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{NYSE was|LIT}}
| fate = Acquired by [[Northrop Grumman]]
| successor = Northrop Grumman
| foundation = {{start date and age|1953}}
| founders = [[Tex Thornton|Charles Bates "Tex" Thornton]] [[Roy Ash]] Hugh Jamieson
| defunct = {{end date|2001}}
| location = [[Beverly Hills, California]], U.S.
| industry = [[Defense contractor|Defense]]
| key_people =
| products = Shipbuilding Aerospace Electronic components Information technology
| num_employees =
| parent =
| subsid =
| website = {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010515221700/http://www.litton.com/ |date=15 May 2001}}
}}

'''Litton Industries, Inc.''', was an American [[defense contractor]] that specialized in shipbuilding, aerospace, electronic components, and information technology. The company was founded in 1953 and was named after inventor [[Charles Litton Sr.]], who was also an early investor in the company.

During the 1960s, the company began acquiring many unrelated firms and became one of the largest [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerates]] in the United States. At its peak, in addition to many defense-related companies, it also owned both [[Royal Typewriter Company|Royal Typewriters]] and [[Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer|Adler]], [[Moffat (company)|Moffat]] [[major appliance]]s, [[Stouffer's]] [[frozen food]]s, and various office equipment and furniture companies.

Like many conglomerates, the company suffered significant declines in the 1970s, selling off many of its unrelated brands and had largely returned to its defense roots by the 1980s. The company continued to shrink after the ending of the [[Cold War]] and by the late 1990s was a [[corporate takeover]] target. The company was purchased by [[Northrop Grumman]] in 2001.

==History==
{{pic|Litton original logo.svg|upright=0.5|caption=First logo, introduced in 1958}}
Litton Industries was originally established as an [[electronics]] company building [[navigation]], [[communication]]s and [[electronic warfare]] equipment. They diversified and became a much larger business, with major [[shipyards]], and manufacturing [[microwave oven]]s.<ref name="britannica"/>

It was founded in 1953 by American business executive [[Tex Thornton|Charles Bates "Tex" Thornton]] alongside his associates [[Roy Ash]] and Hugh Jamieson.<ref name="history"/> Headquartered in [[Beverly Hills, California]], the original name of the company was 'Electro Dynamics Corporation.'<ref name="britannica"/> In 1954, with a loan from the [[Lehman Brothers]], Thornton acquired the [[vacuum tube]] producer 'Litton Industries Inc' from its founder [[Charles Litton Sr.]] for [[US dollar|$]]1.5 million<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=https://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/litton-industries-inc-history/|title=History of Litton Industries, Inc|publisher=Funding Universe|access-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref> and subsequently adopted its name.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Litton-Industries-Inc|title=Litton Industries Inc|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref>

Although Litton Industries lacked capital in the beginning, Thornton thought that the [[U.S. Department of Defense]] would need more sophisticated weapons and that the demand for another large electronics company would increase. During the years, Litton Industries acquired several other smaller companies and had merged with [[Monroe Calculating Machine Company|Monroe Calculating Machine]]. Monroe used Litton's technological assets and Litton required Monroe's sales and service outlets. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, 50% of Litton's business was with the U.S. Government; besides calculators, they were also producing inertial [[guidance system]]s for aircraft, [[potentiometer]]s, [[duplexer]]s, etc.<ref name="history"/>

In 1961, Litton acquired [[Ingalls Shipbuilding]] for $8 million<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=und13GD0_G4C&q=litton+industries+acquire+Ingalls+Shipbuilding+Corporation+1961&pg=RA5-PA1950|title=Mergers and Superconcentration: Acquisitions of 500 Largest Industrial and 50 Largest Merchandising Firms|author=United States Congress House Committee on Science and Astronautics|author-link=United States Congress House Committee on Science and Astronautics|year=1962|access-date=May 2, 2020}}</ref> and subsequently ventured into the production of submarines and oil-drilling equipment.<ref name="history"/> By 1963, Litton Industries reached $500 million<ref name="history"/> with a revenue of $393.8 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/snapshots/1963/796.html|title=Fortune 500: Litton Industries|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|access-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref>

In December 1964, Litton acquired Royal McBee.

In 1969, the company acquired [[Triumph-Adler]], a major typewriter manufacturer based in Germany and the sixth-largest European office equipment manufacturer at the time.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=2 April 1975 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bokjD6V3iSEC&dq=%22Triumph-Adler%22+%22sixth+largest%22&pg=RA1-PA563 | title=Litton Wins Reversal of FTC Order to Shed Unit in West Germany | journal=The Wall Street Journal | publisher=Dow Jones & Company}}</ref>

In 1973, after several years of disappointing sales, Thornton replaced Ash with Fred O'Green as president of the company. With the new strategy, Litton sold some of its profit-losing subsidiaries and focused on the profitable ones. The company also succeeded to make a $1.6 billion deal with the [[Saudi Arabian Air Force]].

The profits of the company increased from $44 million in 1979 to $78 million in 1983.<ref name="history"/>

During the 1980s, Litton dropped its businesses in publishing, medical products, office furniture, and microwaves and shifted the production to sophisticated technology. As a result of that, the company bought the electronic firms [[Itek|Itek Corp.]] and Core Laboratories. In the early 1990s, Litton Industries split into separate [[military]] and [[commerce|commercial]] companies. The US$2 billion commercial business, which included Litton's [[oilfield]] services, business, and automated [[assembly line]] operations, was named [[Western Atlas]], Inc.<ref name="history"/>

In 1998, Litton Industries bought [[TASC, Inc.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-07-fi-36735-story.html|title= Litton Acquires Information Company|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 7, 1998|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref> In 2000, TASC sold three stand-alone commercial operations: Adesso Software, WSI (Weather Services International) Corporation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviationweek.com/weather-channel-owner-buying-wsi-litton|title=Weather Channel Owner Buying WSI from Litton|work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]|date=February 14, 2000|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref> and Emerge. The company reported sales of $5.6 billion and a net income of $218 million for the 2000 fiscal year.

On December 21, 2000, in a joint statement, Litton Industries and [[Northrop Grumman]] announced that the latter will acquire Litton Industries shares in a transaction worth $5.1 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sperrymarine.com/news/northrop-grumman-acquire-litton-industries-80-share-cash|title=Northrop Grumman to acquire Litton Industries for $80 per share cash|publisher=[[Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman]]|date=May 3, 2020|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref> The transaction was completed on May 31, 2001 and Northrop Grumman officially acquired Litton Industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/northrop-grumman-announces-completion-of-merger-with-litton-industries-inc|title=Northrop Grumman Announces Completion of Merger with Litton Industries Inc|publisher=[[Northrop Grumman]]|date=May 31, 2001|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref>

==Divisions==
A provisional list of Litton Industries' major divisions:

* LITEF GmbH ([[Freiburg im Breisgau|Freiburg]], [[Germany]])<ref>{{cite web|title=General Terms and Conditions of Purchase|url=https://northropgrumman.litef.com/fileadmin/downloads/NGL_General_Terms_and_Conditions_of_Purchase.pdf|access-date=May 6, 2020|publisher=Northrop Grumman}}</ref>
* Litton Advanced Systems<ref name="forecast">{{cite web|title=Litton Industries - Archived 4/2002|url=https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_old_pdf.cfm?ARC_ID=431|access-date=May 3, 2020|publisher=Forecast International}}</ref>
* Litton Aero Products<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-01-fi-7410-story.html|title=Litton Aero Products Division in Moorpark|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 1991 |access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref>
* Litton Automated Marine Systems (AMS)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qUNwT2VecHwC&q=Litton+Automated+Marine+Systems+division&pg=RA19-PA15-IA9|title=Commerce Business Daily|year=2000|access-date=May 5, 2020|issue=2651–2693}}</ref>
** Sperry Marine
** C.Plath
** Load monitoring System for Spanish Product Carriers (IMP-16 based [[embedded system]] w/real-time monitoring and calculation of shear forces and bending moment for load officers)
** [[Decca Radar]] (formerly a division of [[Racal]])
*** Decca Navigator, a historical [[Very low frequency|VLF]] navigation system
* Litton Bionetics, [[Fort Detrick]], [[Frederick, MD]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Schmeck Jr|first=Harold M|date=June 25, 1972|title=Litton to Run Cancer Research Lab|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/25/archives/litton-to-run-cancer-research-lab.html|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref>
* Litton Computer Services<ref>{{cite web|title=Litton Systems, Inc., Litton Computer Services Division,plaintiff-appellant, v. the United States, Defendant-appellee, 36 F.3d 1111 (Fed. Cir. 1994)|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/36/1111/563509/|access-date=May 3, 2020|publisher=[[Justia]]}}</ref>
* Litton Data Systems<ref>{{cite web|title=Litton Data Systems - Company Profile and News|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/0609770D:US|access-date=May 3, 2020|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref>
* Litton Electron Devices → now [[L3 Technologies]], Electron Devices: Torrance CA & Williamsport PA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.l3t.com/edd/about/executive.htm|title=About Us|publisher=L3Harris|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref>
* Litton Electro-Optical Systems Incorporated
* Litton Encoder<ref>{{cite web|title=Litton Encoders|url=https://www.encoders-uk.com/encoder-manufacturers/litton-encoders/|access-date=May 6, 2020|publisher=Encoders UK}}</ref>
* Litton Guidance and Control Systems<ref>{{cite web|title=Litton Systemc Inc. Guidance & Control Systems|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-05-24-fi-61463-story.html|access-date=May 3, 2020|work=Los Angeles Times|date=24 May 1994 }}</ref>
* Litton Industries, Potentiometer Division, [[Mount Vernon, NY]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Litton Industries Potentiometer Div|url=http://www.usa.com/frs/litton-industries-potentiometer-div.html|access-date=May 3, 2020|publisher=USA.com}}</ref>
* Litton Industries - Clifton Precision, [[Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania|Clifton Heights, PA]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagner |first=Joe |date=26 Feb 1997 |title=Litton - Clifton Precision |url=http://www-cdr.stanford.edu/MADEFAST/drawings.4-21/litton |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124015308/http://www-cdr.stanford.edu/MADEFAST/drawings.4-21/litton |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Stanford University }}</ref>
* Litton Integrated Systems<ref name="forecast" />
* Litton Italia<ref name="allison">{{cite web|date=July 20, 2001|title=Northrop Grumman Appoints Allison to Lead Newly-Formed Navigation Systems Division|url=https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/northrop-grumman-appoints-allison-to-lead-newly-formed-navigation-systems-division|access-date=May 5, 2020|publisher=Northrop Grumman}}</ref>
* Litton Kester<ref>{{cite web|title=Kester Solder Co Division Of Litton Industries, Newark, NJ|url=https://www.cylex.us.com/company/kester-solder-co-division-of-litton-industries-10108189.html|access-date=May 6, 2020|publisher=Cylex US}}</ref>
* Litton Network Access Systems<ref>{{cite news|date=May 26, 1998|title=Litton Changes Name of FiberCom Division|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-26-fi-53521-story.html|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref>
* Litton PRC<ref>{{cite web|last=Shaki Trimble|first=Paula|date=December 5, 2000|title=Litton PRC divided in reorganization|url=https://fcw.com/articles/2000/12/05/litton-prc-divided-in-reorganization.aspx|access-date=May 6, 2020|publisher=The Business of Federal Technology}}</ref>
* Litton Ship Systems<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/02/business/litton-to-complete-avondale-purchase-for-529-million.html|title=Litton to Complete Avondale Purchase For $529 Million|work=The New York Times|date=August 2, 1999|access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref>
** [[Avondale Shipyard]]
** [[Ingalls Shipbuilding]]
* Litton Space Systems
* Litton Systems Canada<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/computers/article/16707688/and-then-there-were-two-litton-systems-canada-closes-display-fab|title=And then there were two: Litton Systems Canada closes display fab|work=Military & Aerospace Electronics|last=Chinnock|first=Chris|date=February 1, 1998|access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref>
* Litton Westrex<ref>{{cite news|date=April 6, 1999|title=Litton Adds Japanese Solder Company to Stable|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-06-me-24660-story.html|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref>
* TELDIX<ref name="allison" />
* [[Western Atlas]], a joint venture formed with [[Dresser Industries]], including former Litton subsidiary [[Western Geophysical]]. Spun off in 1994.

==See also==
* [[Litton Industries bombing]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* [[Robert Sobel]] ''The Money Manias: The Eras of Great Speculation in America, 1770–1970'' (1973) reprinted (2000).
* {{cite book |last1=Sobel |first1=Robert |title=The rise and fall of the conglomerate kings |date=1984 |publisher=Stein and Day |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8128-2961-7 |pages=47–76 |url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofconglo00sobe/ |access-date=28 May 2024}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rodengen |first1=Jeffrey L. |title=The legend of Litton Industries |date=2000 |publisher=Write Stuff Enterprises |location=Fort Lauderdale, FL |isbn=978-0-945903-51-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/legendoflittonin0000rode/ |access-date=20 May 2024}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.northropgrumman.com/who-we-are/northrop-grumman-heritage}}
* [https://www.northropgrumman.com/ Northrop Grumman website]
* [https://www.linkedin.com/e/gis/98219/3105F04E5A61 LITTON Industries Alumni] - LITTON Industries Alumni group on LinkedIn

{{Northrop Grumman|state=autocollapse}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aerospace companies of the United States]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1953]]
[[Category:Avionics companies]]
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[[Category:Former defense companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct companies based in Greater Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Defunct electronics companies of the United States]]
[[Category:History of the San Fernando Valley]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1953]]
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[[Category:Northrop Grumman]]
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[[Category:Technology companies established in 1953]]
[[Category:Woodland Hills, Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Technology companies disestablished in 2001]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in California]]
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[[Category:2001 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct computer companies of the United States]]
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