http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=5.68.201.73wiki143 - User contributions [en]2026-05-15T08:49:39ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.1http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Lorrain_language&diff=512815Lorrain language2025-03-16T00:41:19Z<p>5.68.201.73: </p>
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<div>{{short description|Regional language of France}}<br />
{{About|the Romance dialect spoken in the Lorraine region of France|the Germanic dialect spoken in northern Lorraine|Lorraine Franconian}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name=Lorrain<br />
|nativename=''gaumais''<br />
|region=Northeastern [[France]], [[Belgium]]<br />
|speakers=?<br />
|familycolor=Indo-European<br />
| fam2 = [[Italic languages|Italic]]<br />
| fam3 = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]<br />
| fam4 = [[Romance languages|Romance]]<br />
| fam5 = [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]<br />
| fam6 = [[Western Romance languages|Western Romance]]<br />
| fam7 = [[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]]<br />
| fam8 = Gallo-Rhaetian<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |title=Oil |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008064016/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |archive-date=2022-10-08 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}</ref> (possibly)<br />
| fam9 = [[Langues d'oïl|Oïl]]<br />
| ancestor = [[Old Latin]]<br />
| ancestor2 = [[Vulgar Latin]]<br />
| ancestor3 = [[Proto-Romance language|Proto-Romance]]<br />
| ancestor4 = [[Gallo-Romance languages|Old Gallo-Romance]]<br />
| ancestor5 = [[Old French]]<br />
| dia1 = Gaumais<ref name=Gaumais>{{Cite web |url=https://www.meix-devant-virton.be/ma-commune/decouvrir/culture-traditions/patois-gaumais |title=Le gaumais |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Commune de [[Meix-devant-Virton]] en Gaume |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320011637/www.meix-devant-virton.be/ma-commune/decouvrir/culture-traditions/patois-gaumais |archive-date=2022-03-20 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| dia2 = [[Welche]]<br />
| isoexception = dialect<br />
| glotto = lorr1242<br />
| glottorefname = Lorraine<br />
| map = Langues d'oïl.PNG<br />
| mapcaption = Lorrain, at the east among other [[langues d'oïl|''oïl'' languages]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Lorraine sidebar}}<br />
'''Lorrain''', also known as '''Lorrain roman''', is a ''[[langue d'oïl]]'' spoken by a minority of people in the region of [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] in northeastern [[France]], as well as in some parts of [[Alsace]] and [[Gaume]] in Belgium. It is often referred to as a [[patois]].<br />
<br />
It is a [[languages of France|regional language of France]]. In [[Wallonia]], it is known as '''Gaumais'''<ref name=Gaumais /> and enjoys official recognition as a regional language. It has been influenced by [[Lorraine Franconian]] and [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]], [[West Central German]] languages spoken in nearby or overlapping areas.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}<br />
<br />
== Features ==<br />
Linguist Stephanie Russo noted the difference of a 'second' [[imperfect]] and [[pluperfect]] tense between Lorrain and Standard French.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=The imparfait lorrain in the context of grammaticalization |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/54112 |date=May 2017 |degree=Thesis |language=en |first=Stephanie C. |last=Russo}}</ref> It is derived from Latin grammar that is no longer used in modern French.<br />
<br />
== Variations ==<br />
The [[Linguasphere Observatory]] distinguishes seven variants :<br />
<br />
* Argonnais ([[Forest of Argonne|Argonne]], [[Woëvre]], eastern French [[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]], [[Meuse (department)|Meuse]], [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]])<br />
* Longovician ([[Longwy]], [[Longuyon]], northern Meurthe-et-Moselle)<br />
* Gaumais ([[arrondissement of Virton]], [[Canton of Montmédy|cantons of Montmédy]] and [[Canton of Stenay|Stenay]] in Meuse and the [[canton of Carignan]] in Ardennes)<br />
* Messin ([[Metz]], [[Metzgau]] and all of French-speaking [[Moselle (department)|Moselle]])<br />
* Nancéien ([[Nancy, France|Nancy]], southern Meurthe-et-Moselle)<br />
* Spinalian ([[Épinal]], central [[Vosges (department)|Vosges]])<br />
* Deodatian ([[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges|Saint-Dié]], Hautes-Vosges)<br />
<br />
After 1870, members of the [[Académie de Stanislas|Stanislas Academy]] in Nancy noted 132 variants of Lorrain from Thionville in the north to Rupt-sur-Moselle in the south, which means that main variants have sub-variants.<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Welche|Welche dialect]]<br />
* [[Ban de la Roche|Ban de la Roche region]]<br />
* [[Language policy of France]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* http://www.travelphrases.info/languages/lorrain.htm<br />
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://archive.org/details/essaisurlepatoi00obergoog Essai sur le patois lorrain des environs du comté du Ban de la Roche], Jeremias Jacob Oberlin, 1775<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}{{Languages of Belgium}}<br />
{{Languages of the Benelux}}<br />
{{Gallo-Romance languages and dialects}}<br />
{{Romance languages}}<br />
{{Lorraine topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lorrain Language}}<br />
[[Category:Oïl languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of France]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Belgium]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of Wallonia]]<br />
[[Category:Luxembourg (Belgium)]]<br />
<br />
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{{Romance-lang-stub}}</div>5.68.201.73