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Isle of Man Railway

2025-07-01T15:14:51Z

5.253.76.1: /* Television & Film */

{{Short description|Steam-operated railway in the Isle of Man}}
{{About|the network of 3-foot (914 mm) gauge steam railways|other railway systems|Rail transport in the Isle of Man}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=March 2018}}
{{Too many photos|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Isle of Man Railway
| type = [[Government-owned corporation|Nationalised railway]]
| logo = File:IMRC-Crest.png
| logo_caption = Modern logo
| foundation = 1870 (trading 1873)
| location_city = [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Banks Circus, Douglas]]
| area_served = [[Isle of Man]]
| key_people = {{ubl
|George Henry Wood (Secretary & Manager 1876–1911)
|Thomas Stowell (Secretary & Manager 1912–1924)
| Alan Sheard (General Manager 1925–1965)
| Archibald Kennedy (Railway Operator 1967–1972)
| Max Crookall (General Manager 1969–1974)
| William Lambden (General Manager 1971–1974)
| Harry Stewart (General Manager 1964–1978)
| William Jackson (Chief Executive 1978–1987)
| Robert Smith (Director 1987–1999)
| David Howard (Director 1999–2004)
| Ian Longworth (Director 2009–2022)}}
| owner = [[Department of Transport (Isle of Man)|Department of Infrastructure]]
| services = [[Public transport]]
| parent = [[Isle of Man Government]]
| homepage = {{URL|rail.im}}
}}
{{Isle of Man Railway RDT}}

The '''Isle of Man Railway''' (IMR) is a [[narrow gauge]] [[steam locomotive|steam]]-operated [[railway]] connecting [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] with [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]] and [[Port Erin]] in the [[Isle of Man]]. The line is {{RailGauge|3ft |lk=on|allk=}} [[Narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] and {{convert|15+1/2|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} long. It is the remainder of what was a much larger network (over {{convert|46|mi|km|0|abbr=off|disp=or}}) that also served the western town of [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]], the northern town of [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]] and the [[Pit village|mining village]] of [[Foxdale]]. Now in [[government]] ownership, it uses original rolling stock and locomotives and there are few concessions to modernity.

==History==
The {{convert|15+1/2|mi|km|0|abbr=off|adj=on}} line from Douglas to Port Erin is the last remaining line of the former Isle of Man Railway Company, formed in 1870. Its first line, from [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] to [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]], opened on 1 July 1873, followed by the Port Erin line on 1 August 1874. Initially the Port Erin line had been planned to terminate at [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]], but the construction of deep water docks at Port Erin caused an extension to the line. A few years after completion, the dock was destroyed by heavy seas and the idea of deep water vessels abandoned there. The remains of the breakwater are still visible at low tide.

A third line was built in 1878–1879 by the [[Manx Northern Railway]], from [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]] (on the Douglas to Peel line) to [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]]. A further short line was constructed from St John's to Foxdale in 1885 to serve the lead mines there. Although it was built by the nominally independent [[Foxdale Railway]], it was leased to and operated by the Manx Northern. The loss of the mineral traffic from Foxdale and competition for the Douglas-Ramsey passenger traffic from the [[Manx Electric Railway]] placed the Manx Northern Railway in financial difficulties. It was taken over by the IMR in 1904.

During the mid-1920s the IMR formed a bus subsidiary that operated most of the Island's bus services, and helped the railway to remain profitable into the 1960s. The first serious examination of the long term viability of the railway came with the Howden Report in 1949, which recommended the closure of the Ramsey line, which was already losing money; the eventual closure of the Peel line, which was breaking even in the late 1940s; and the retention of the then profitable Port Erin line. Howden also reported that the existing equipment of the railway had an economic life of 10–25 years. Economies were made throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. These included the ending of evening and Sunday services, the deferral of track maintenance, and cuts to train mileage as locomotives became unserviceable. To further reduce expenses, there were winter closures of the Peel line (1960–61 only) and the Ramsey line after September 1961, but A. M. Sheard, the then general manager, refused to close the Ramsey line which by this time was losing a considerable amount of money each year.

Following the closure of the [[County Donegal Railways Joint Committee|County Donegal Railways]] in 1960, the IMR purchased the CDR's two most modern diesel railcars, which were then largely used on the Peel line in summer, and after 1962 worked the whole of the winter service except when withdrawn for maintenance. The system closed after the 1965 season but was briefly revived when the [[Archibald Kennedy, 7th Marquess of Ailsa|Marquess of Ailsa]] obtained a lease and reopened all three routes in 1967.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18192356/isle_of_man_railway_to_reopen/| title=Manx railway may reopen for tourists| newspaper=The Guardian| date=20 February 1967| location=London| page=14| via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref> Both the Peel and Ramsey lines shut following the 1968 season, but goods services between Peel and Milntown (just short of Ramsey) continued until mid-1969. Traffic was poor on the two northern lines, especially that to Ramsey, so after the end of the 1968 season, Ailsa decided to concentrate on passenger service on the South Line for three more seasons until he took the option to end his lease at the close of the 1971 season.

There were occasional empty coaching stock workings between Douglas and St John's in 1970 and 1971 for the retrieval of stored stock between seasons. During this time most of the early wooden framed carriages were moved to St John's, where they were lost in a fire in July 1975. The Peel and Ramsey routes and the [[Foxdale]] line were lifted in 1975. The IMR operated services between Douglas and Port Erin after Lord Ailsa took his five-year option, beginning in 1972 through the centenaries of the Peel and Port Erin lines in 1973 and 1974 respectively. In 1975, the Port Erin line operated only from its southwestern terminus to Castletown, but it was found that half a railway made twice the loss. The government sponsored a short extension of the service from Castletown to Ballasalla in 1976, and, after extensive campaigning during the 1976 Tynwald elections, the railway returned to Douglas in 1977, the last year in which the railway was operated by the IMR. Following nationalisation the railway has continued to be operated seasonally, for many years from Easter weekend until the end of September, more recently from around 1 March to early November.

==Ownership==
[[File:Isle of Man Railway 1875.jpg|thumb|left|Share certificate of the Isle of Man Railway Company Ltd, issued 16 September 1875]]
Formed in 1870 with the first line following three years later, the Isle of Man Railway Company operated services until 1977 (see below) merging with the Manx Northern Railway and Foxdale Railway in 1905. The railway is now marketed as the ''Steam Railway'' to differentiate it from the [[Manx Electric Railway]], operated by the same department. It was marketed as "Isle of Man Railway" until closure in 1965. From 1969 to 1972, it operated as the ''Isle of Mann Victorian Steam Railway Company Limited'', reverting to Isle of Man Railway. When [[nationalised]] in 1978 it fell under the banner of "Isle of Man Railways", along with the [[Manx Electric Railway]]. Re-branding to ''Isle of Man Passenger Transport'' took place from 1984 but the steam line was not affected, and this reverted to ''Isle of Man Railways'' from 1990, when a re-branding exercise took place with the emphasis on the Victorian origins of the railway. A change in management style occurred in 1999, and trains, trams and buses were presented as ''Isle of Man Transport''. The electric railway was affected more by this change, with a series of non-historical and modern liveries, but in 2007 this was changed and the railway is marketed once more as the ''Isle of Man Railway''. In keeping with the historical aspect, coaches and locomotives carry original names and transfers. The banner heading of all the railways was again changed in 2009 and became collectively known as ''Isle of Man Heritage Railways'', although the "heritage" tag has been dropped latterly. Joint timetabling with the Manx Electric Railway sees the line titled as the ''Steam Railway'' in marketing material.

==Locations and Maps==
===South Line===
{{:List of Isle of Man railway lines and locations|transcludesection=imr-south|type=collapsed}}

===Peel Line===
{{:List of Isle of Man railway lines and locations|transcludesection=imr-peel|type=collapsed}}

===North Line===
{{:List of Isle of Man railway lines and locations|transcludesection=imr-north|type=collapsed}}

===Foxdale Line===
{{:List of Isle of Man railway lines and locations|transcludesection=imr-foxdale|type=collapsed}}

===Knockaloe Branch===
In addition to the main routes there was also a short-lived branch line/spur off the Peel Line between the terminus and St. John's, serving an alien internment camp of the same name; this operated between 1915 and 1920. The line was on the outskirts of Peel near Glenfaba Mill, and climbed steeply in a southerly direction for about {{convert|0.7|mi|km}} until it reached the village of Patrick. It then turned west along the access road into the internment camp, which had been built in the grounds of Knockaloe Farm. The total length of the branch line was about {{convert|1.2|mi|km}}.

==South Line described==
[[File:Railway-osm-iom stream-bike.png|thumb|Isle of Man Railway Port Erin line (highlighted)]]
[[File:Douglas Terminus. Isle of Man Steam Railway - geograph.org.uk - 783719.jpg|thumb|right|[[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] 2008]]
[[File:Port St Mary Railway Station 1988.jpg|thumb|right|[[Port St Mary railway station|Port St. Mary Station]] 1988]]

Today's railway is a fraction of its original size: it once served the western town of Peel, the northern town of Ramsey and the small mining village of Foxdale. Since 1969 only the southern line has been operational. Although it is only about half of its former size, [[Douglas Railway Station|Douglas Station]] is still an impressive complex. After crossing the [[River Douglas, Isle of Man|River Douglas]], the line climbs the {{convert|2.5|mi|km|adj=on}}-long 1-in-65 Nunnery Bank through a wide rock cutting that brings it through a large estate, and past an industrial estate to the White Hoe, where the Island's largest brewery is passed on the left of the train before crossing the first bridge.

The train continues to climb to [[Port Soderick]], just before which passengers get the first view of the sea at Keristal, before descending into the railway station. The train then passes through Crogga Woods, under another bridge at Meary Veg (centre for the Island's sewage treatment works) and climbs, reaching its summit ({{convert|209|ft|m|1|disp=or|abbr=off}},<ref>https://www.gov.im/media/1346324/iomsteamrailway_windowgazerguide_aw.pdf Isle of Man Steam Railway Window Gazer Guide</ref> marked by a board visible from the train) close to the site of Ballacostain Halt. The train descends to [[Santon railway station|Santon]], the only intermediate station in substantially original condition. From here the train descends at 1 in 60 to [[Ballasalla railway station]], with interesting sea-cliff views to the east. Regular service trains formerly passed each other here. After Ballasalla the line runs over relatively flat land past the request halt at [[Ronaldsway railway station|Ronaldsway]] to the ancient capital of [[Castletown railway station|Castletown]].

After Castletown the railway crosses the [[Silver Burn]] and heads northwest across country to the diminutive request stop at [[Ballabeg station|Ballabeg Station]]. It then turns west for the short run to [[Colby, Isle of Man|Colby]], which is popular with the locals. After a request stop at the Level the train continues to Port St Mary, with views of [[Bradda Head]] and Milner's Tower on this stretch of line to Port Erin. [[Port Erin railway station]] is home to the Whistle Stop Coffee Shop, providing light refreshments, and the [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]], established in 1975 with two locomotives and rolling stock including the Governor's Saloon from the opening of the line in 1873.

The majority of the line runs through countryside, with only small stretches close to built-up areas. Many people start or end their journey in [[Port Erin]], a Victorian seaside resort, or in [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]], the ancient capital. [[Ronaldsway railway station|Ronaldsway Halt]], between [[Ballasalla railway station|Ballasalla]] and [[Castletown railway station|Castletown]], is a few hundred yards' walk from the [[Isle of Man Airport|airport]]. There are several farm crossings and rural request stops, which largely serve adjoining fields and local communities, especially on the southernmost section which passes through agricultural land. The line passes along the southern plain after traversing the more hilly landscape north of Ballasalla.

==Post-Nationalisation==

[[File:Isle of Man Railway mid-1990s 3.jpg|thumb|left|Restored the previous year for the [[Year of Railways|''Year Of Railways'']] celebrations, locomotive [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.10 ''G.H.Wood'']] ready to depart [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] 1994]]
[[File:Douglas Railway Station Isle of Man.jpg|thumb|left|Viewed from the steps of the signal box (from left) [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.13 ''Kissack'']], [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.12 ''Hutchinson'']] and [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.17 ''Viking'']] at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]], July 2006]]

[[File:Isle of Man (2996195850).jpg|thumb|left|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.10 ''G.H.Wood'']] arriving at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] following repaint into the spring green livery the previous year, July 2008]]
When the railway was [[nationalised]] in 1978 Bill Jackson was appointed the first manager. During his time in office much progress was made, not all liked by the preservationists and supporters: negative developments overshadowing his tenure included the loss of the large railway yard at Douglas and the unpopular rebuild of No. 12 locomotive ''Hutchinson''. Upon his retirement in 1987 he was replaced by Robert Smith, whose style was totally different and who made many changes. Smith masterminded the ''[[Year of Railways]]'' in 1993 and the celebrations that followed. Rolling stock returned to original "purple lake" livery and Nos. 10, 15 and 1 (in that order) were returned to service. When he resigned in 1999 he was replaced by David Howard, with previous bus experience at various UK operators and rail experience from his time at [[Tyne and Wear Metro]]. He was more inclined to a corporate approach and the railway had to follow suit. His time in office, finishing in 2006, will be remembered for the thrust on [[health and safety]] issues, such as high-visibility clothing and warning signs, as part of a Government-wide drive.

The government commissioned a [[Observational study|study]] to see if it would be worthwhile to operate commuter services to help relieve the road [[traffic congestion]] in and around [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]], and although experimental services were implemented in 2007, these operate only during TT race periods. The study recommended against such development. Nevertheless, almost all the line was relaid in the first few years of this century as part of the Department of Transport's IRIS sewerage scheme, with all but one of the numerous [[level crossings]] converted from manual to automatic operation, saving the cost of employing crossing keepers. After Howard resigned, the [[Department of Tourism and Leisure]]'s Director of Leisure, Mike Ball, stepped in as acting director of public transport, and in early 2007 the leisure and public transport divisions of the department combined into "service delivery", Ball becoming "Director of service delivery" under the minister [[Adrian Earnshaw]] appointed in November 2006. [[Ian Longworth]] was appointed Director of Public Transport in 2009 and since then the railway been the responsibility of the [[Department of Community, Culture and Leisure (Isle of Man)|Department of Community, Culture and Leisure]].

A number of new services have been introduced since the arrival of the new director, including evening excursion trains, a ''Rush Hour'' event at the start of each season, and family-oriented events including a ''Teddy Bears' Picnic'' and ''Fathers' Day'' specials. A restoration programme for the unique collection of rolling stock and locomotives remains ongoing; this has seen two saloon-type carriages completely rebuilt and back in traffic as part of the popular dining train with several more carriages to be restored, one of which has been out of traffic for nearly half a century. Locomotive restorations also continue, though the director retired in September 2022 and to date{{when|date=September 2024}} a successor has not been appointed. The 150th anniversary of the closed Peel Line was commemorated in 2023 with an extended ''Manx Heritage Transport Festival'' (billed once again as the ''[[Year of Railways]]'') echoing the 1993 events, with the similar anniversary of the Port Erin Line similarly celebrated in the summer of 2024 during another week-long event, original locomotives No.4 ''Loch'' and No.5 ''Mona'' taking a central part in the event with a combined age of three hundred years, though the latter is not operational, having been cosmetically restored by the [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] for the 2023 event.

==Locomotives==
{{main|Isle of Man Railway locomotives}}
[[File:IOMR kissack 2006.jpg|thumb|right|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.13 ''Kissack'']], [[Douglas railway station|Douglas station]]]]
[[File:IMR-Loco-17.jpg|thumb|right|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.17 ''Viking'']], [[Santon railway station|Santon station]]]]

===Steam===
All but one of the railway's distinctive locomotives were built by [[Beyer, Peacock & Company]] of [[Manchester]] between 1873 and 1926, with 16 steam locomotives in total. As of October 2023 there are {{clarify|date=January 2021}} four locomotives in traffic: No.4 ''Loch'', No.11 ''Maitland'', No.13 ''Kissack'' and M.N.Ry. No.4 ''Caledonia''. In addition, No. 10 ''G.H. Wood'' and No.12 ''Hutchinson'' as of May 2024 are undergoing rebuilds. The [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]] is home to No.1 ''Sutherland'' of 1873 and No.5 ''Mona'' of 1874, with other locomotives No.6 ''Peveril'' at [[Port St Mary railway station|Port St. Mary Station]] and No.9 ''Douglas'' being cosmetically restored by the [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]]. Only No.2 ''Derby'' has been lost, with only the frames of No.7 ''Tynwald'' in existence, privately owned off-island and No.3 ''Pender'' in the [[Science and Industry Museum|Manchester Science Museum]].

===Diesel===
The railway also possesses three diesel locomotives: No.17 ''Viking'' which was withdrawn in 2010, No.18 ''Ailsa'', used as shunting locomotive at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas station]] and the unnamed No. 21, a diesel electric locomotive delivered in December 2013. A number of smaller shunting locomotives and people carriers for departmental use also exist including two [[Motor Rail|Motor-Rail]] units (No.24 ''Betsy'' and No.25 ''Sprout'') based at [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin]] and Douglas stations respectively, and two [[Wickham trolley|Wickham]] people carriers (No.22 and No.23) used on departmental work and fire train duties as well as spells in use on the [[Manx Electric Railway]] when required. There are also two diesel railcar units (No.19 & No.20) which are in storage at Douglas station partially restored having last operated in 1995.

In 2024 two modern, small diesel locomotives were acquired secondhand from [[Bord na Móna]] in Ireland, whose industrial rail system is being closed down due to the end of peat harvesting.

==Carriages==
{{main||Isle of Man Railway rolling stock}}
[[File:Reversing at Douglas 2006.jpg|thumb|left|One of the ''"Small F"'' carriages (F.10) being shunted at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] in 2006; these are the earliest carriages and are timber framed.]]

[[File:Port Erin Station - geograph.org.uk - 1569236.jpg|thumb|left|A rake of ''"Large F"'' carriages (F.46-F.49) at the platform at [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]] in 2007; these carriages commonly run as a uniform rake.]]

About 30 carriages remain on the railway, of which 18 are in service, two in the [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]], and the rest in storage. Several vehicles were sold off-island in 1975 for preservation, and at least one has been preserved privately on the Island. Over 12 out-of-use carriages were lost in a fire that engulfed the large carriage shed at St John's in 1975, and more were damaged beyond economic repair, including most of the remaining Manx Northern six-wheelers. There is an ongoing{{when|date=June 2018}} maintenance programme for returning carriages to traffic, which saw two saloons completely rebuilt and returned to traffic in 2011, with a further two in 2012, all of which now form part of the dining train.

In the winter of 2013, a replica of ''Empress Van'' F.27 was built on a steel underframe as a kitchen to work with the saloons as a dining train. Significant work was also done on the ''Cardinal's Saloon'' F.35, which is used as the bar carriage, and the other saloons have being converted recently to dining cars seating 66 in total, giving the six saloon set as of 2015. Further restored stock include 'pairs' carriages F.62 and F.63 in 2021 and 2022 respectively, timber framed F.11 in 2022 and work also ongoing on sister F.10 which is receiving similar treatment. F.15 also returned to service in the summer of 2022 with the programme of restorations ultimately to aim for three rakes of five or six compartment carriages.

Serviceable carriages at May 2024 are F.9, F.15, F.18, F.26, F.39 (the Foxdale Coach, numbered M.N.Ry. No.17 and restored to 1887 appearance), F.45, F.46, F.47, F.48, F.49, F.54, F.62 and F.63 with both F.10 and F.11 undergoing restoration works. In addition to these the dining train is made up of F.27 (ii) (a replica 1897-built ''Empress Van'') and saloons F.29, F.30, F.31, F.32 and F.35. The remaining surviving carriages are stored in various states of repair, with Ducal Saloon F.75 in the museum with other non-passenger stock. Also on the railway is privately owned six-wheel [[Manx Northern Railway]] carriage [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|M.N.Ry. No.6]] which occasionally sees use during events. Withdrawn and stored carriages which remain on the Island are F.21, F.25, F.43 - all at [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]] with F.66, F.67 and F.74 at [[RAF Jurby|Jurby Airfield]]. A number of carriages are off-island, notably [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|M.N.Ry. No.3]] in Suffolk with [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|M.N.Ry. No.1]] amnd [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|M.N.Ry. No.14]] in private ownership with [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|F.68]] displayed at the [[Vale of Rheidol Railway]] since 2024 in restored condition.

==Operation==
The IMR has always had a marked seasonal pattern in traffic. Services evolved around two main considerations: the need to connect with ferries to and from the UK and Ireland, and to transport day trippers out of the major termini. The railway never evolved appreciable commuter traffic, so local traffic tended to revolve around shopping, attending markets, and trips to "Town".

===1873–1879===
When the Isle of Man and Manx Northern Railways opened between 1873 and 1879, the basic service on all three main routes consisted of four or five trains a day. The first departures were timed to arrive in Douglas just before 08:30 to connect with the morning ferries to the UK. The trains returned from Douglas shortly after 09:00, crossing the second inbound trains of the day en route. All three routes then had a late morning/lunchtime, and late afternoon trains in both the up and down directions, with the day's service ending with an early evening departure from Douglas. The February 1878 timetable shows departures from Douglas to Peel at 09:00, 11:00, 14:15, 17:15 and 19:40, and to Port Erin at 08:30, 10:10, 14:10, 17:00, and 19:35. From Peel to Douglas trains departed at 07:40, 10:05, 13:00, 16:00, and 18:30, and from Port Erin at 07:20, 09:50, 12:30, 15:40, and 18:20. This rather basic service tended to increase until after World War Two: seven trains each way on the three main routes was the usual winter timetable in the 1920s and 30s. From 1886 to 1940, the Foxdale branch was served by up to four round trips on weekdays from St John's.

Additional trains were added to the basic service at Easter and again at Whitsun. The high season timetable usually came into effect on the first Monday of July, or immediately following Tynwald Day (5 July). This often stretched the railway's resources to the limit. At its height in the 1920s, the railway was carrying well over a million passengers a year. In this timetable there were up to 15 round trips on the Peel and Port Erin lines, and up to 14 on the Ramsey line, with even Foxdale seeing a half dozen trains each day. In 1927, during the "Bus War", the IMR boasted that it ran "100 trains a day at pre-war prices."

===1930–1945===
In the 1930s, following the integration of train and bus services, the summer train service was trimmed to about a dozen trains each way on all three main routes. This intensive service ran on an entirely single-track system controlled by staff and ticket safeworking, with limited semaphore signalling. As the UK's 1889 Railways Act did not apply on the Island, there were no signal interlockings except at Douglas and St John's, though limited interlocking in the form of slot detectors was fitted at passing loops from 1927 onwards. Continuous vacuum brakes were not fitted until 1925–27. In spite of this the railway has seen very few serious accidents (see below).

During World War II, the usual winter timetable of seven or eight trains each way a day on all three main routes between 07:00 and 20:00 ran throughout. However, as the number of servicemen on the Island increased, additional late trains were run on Fridays and Saturdays: the last arrivals in Port Erin, Peel, and Ramsey were often around midnight. Military requirements led to a large number of special trains being run, some of them in the small hours of the morning, which led to some minor mishaps. Foxdale passenger services ceased in 1940, but the branch was heavily used for spoil trains during the construction of Jurby and Ronaldsway aerodromes.

===1945–1959===
Traffic levels remained very high in the late 1940s due to petrol rationing, but the 1948 Howden Report foresaw the eventual closure of both the Ramsey and Peel lines, with goods services transferred to road transport. The brief post-war resurgence of the Manx tourist industry kept the trains well filled into the mid-1950s, and postponed the day when significant economies and modernisation would be required. From 1955 onwards usage declined sharply; a million passengers were carried for the last time in 1957. By then the high season schedule had been reduced to seven round trips to Port Erin, and five each on the Peel and Ramsey lines. However individual trains, such as the boat trains, and the 10:35 to Port Erin could load very heavily: 9 carriages and almost 500 passengers on a single train was common in high season.

===1960–1965===
The last re-boilering before the 1965 closure took place in 1959; by then the active fleet had been reduced to 11 locomotives from the 16 of 1939 by the withdrawal of Nos. 7, 2, 9, 4, and 3. Loco Nos. 1, 6, 13, 14 and 16 were known to have limited lives left on their existing boilers, so the future looked grim. Although the railway was still intensively used in summer, winter train services had been reduced to morning and afternoon round trips to Port Erin and Peel, and a solitary working to Ramsey. These trains operated mainly for parcels traffic, and were run at a considerable loss. Winter trains usually consisted of a locomotive and one or two carriages. The St John's – Peel section closed for the winter of 1960, reopening the following Easter, whilst in 1961–65 the St John's to Ramsey service was withdrawn for the winter months, after the long-established Kirk Michael to Ramsey school trains were replaced by buses. From 1962 the ex-County Donegal railcars handled most of the winter service; they were used between Douglas and Peel in the summer. The last two summer timetables reflect the tourism of the mid-1960s. These show six round trips on the Port Erin line, three to five on the Peel line, and two to Ramsey. Except for the Port Erin-Douglas boat train July and August, all trains operated between 09:30 and 17:30: quite a contrast with the 15 or 16 hours-a-day operation of the 1920s and 1930s. Almost the whole of the Peel line service was handled by the ex-Donegal Railcars, allowing the remaining steam locomotives to be divided between the South Line and the service to Ramsey.

===1967–1968===
In June 1967 Ailsa issued an ambitious summer timetable that pushed a reduced locomotive fleet to its limit,{{sfn|Hendry|Hendry|1977}}{{page needed|date=March 2018}} leaving no contingency in the event of failure, as by now only five Beyer Peacock steam locomotives and the railcars were available for service. The timetable was modified by mid-August to four round trips to Castletown (unchanged), three to Peel (down from 7) and two to Ramsey. This pattern carried over to the 1968 season, except that the Ramsey service was reduced to one train thrice-weekly by the end of the season.

===Closure of the Peel and Ramsey lines===
Since the closure of the [[Isle of Man Railway stations#The Peel Line (closed)|Peel]] and [[Isle of Man Railway stations#The North Line (closed)|Ramsey]] lines, the basic service has generally been four trains a day between Douglas and Port Erin and return, at roughly two-hour intervals between 10:00 and 16:00. In most seasons an extra train has operated from Douglas around 10:45 during July and August, returning from Port Erin at about 15.30. A brief 1990s experiment of six trains each way in high season was abandoned on grounds of cost. In the 2012, 2013, and 2014 seasons, a six train service has again been run in high season. The service in 2012 followed the conventional pattern of a third locomotive and third set of carriages providing additional departures at 10:50 and 14:50 from Douglas, and 12:50 and 16:50 from Port Erin; but in 2013, a third locomotive was used to shorten turn around times at Douglas, and trains departed at 90-minute intervals through the day. This allowed the use of only two rakes of carriages for the scheduled service, allowing the saloons to be reserved for excursion and charter trains.

In the period 1945–1965 most trains consisted of two and three-carriage sets hauled by a single locomotive. Each three-car set consisted of a brake third or brake-composite, a first-third composite, and a luggage-brake-third, with two car sets omitting the either the brake-composite, or the luggage-brake-third. Three car sets had seats for 120 third class, 12 first class; two car sets carried up to 60 third and 12 first class passengers. Additional carriages – usually older stock such as "the Pairs" and "small Fs" – were added when loadings increased in mid-summer. The official maximum loading for a single locomotive was seven carriages until 1977, when it was reduced to six (SRN Spring 1978). However, during locomotive shortages a single Medium Boiler locomotive sometimes handled eight or nine carriages on Port Erin trains, banked as far as Keristal by the Douglas station pilot. Peel and Ramsey trains were usually combined between Douglas and St John's. These trains were often double-headed, usually to balance locomotive workings rather than on account of loading.

Apart from the Ramsey Cattle Mart specials and the transport of materials for projects such as the completion of an airfield in the north of the Island, freight trains rarely operated. Most freight was conveyed by attaching freight wagons, loose coupled, to the rear of passenger trains. This practice was contrary to UK regulations, but legal in the Isle of Man. The consequent shunting often delayed passenger trains at intermediate stations, but was cost effective for the railway. A miscommunication while detaching a van from a Douglas train at Union Mills was a contributory factor to the 22 August 1925 accident at Douglas.

Freight traffic ceased in the 1960s, as road transport was much more effective over the Island's short distances. Ailsa's manager, Sir Philip Wombwell, did try to bring container traffic to the railway in 1967/8{{sfn|Hendry|Hendry|1977}}{{page needed|date=March 2018}} and stripped 12 carriages from the F50-75 series of the bodies to act as container flats. The experiment proved unsuccessful as clearance issues prevented containers being carried north of Douglas, and the double transshipment of containers at Castletown – from ship to lorry and from lorry to train – made the traffic uneconomic. Some of the underframes from this project eventually found their way to the [[Ffestiniog Railway]], where they were placed on {{convert|2|ft|m|adj=on}} gauge bogies and used as the basis for some of the "Barn" carriages running on the FR. Far more successful was a contract to haul oil between Peel and Milntown (near Ramsey) for the Electricity Board. Three 'M' series wagons were fitted with tanks, and the oil was worked as tail traffic until passenger trains ceased in September. The service continued through the winter of 1968/9, but was abandoned in May 1969 following the decision to close the Peel and Ramsey lines.

==Timetabling==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}

[[File:Isle-of-mann-timetable1972.jpg|thumb|Summer 1972 timetable]]
[[File:Castletown Railway Station. Engine -12 Hutchinson - geograph.org.uk - 240477.jpg|thumb|right|No.12 ''Hutchinson'' [[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]] 1968]]
[[File:Isle of Man Steam Railway, "Loch" (geograph 4382896).jpg|thumb|right|No.4 ''Loch'' [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]] 1979]]
[[File:Isle of Man Railways No 13 Kissack at Douglas 1982-06-30.jpg|thumb|right|No.13 ''Kissack'' [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] 1982]]
[[File:Trains pass ballasalla.jpg|thumb|right|No.10 ''G.H. Wood'' No.12 ''Hutchinson'']]
[[File:Douglas, Isle of Man - panoramio (24).jpg|thumb|right|No.11 ''Maitland'' [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] 2010]]
[[File:The Isle of Man Railway at Port Erin in July 1983 (1).jpg|thumb|right|No.13 ''Kissack'' [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]] 1983]]
[[File:Loch2 (1793466083).jpg|thumb|right|No.4 ''Loch'' [[Port St Mary railway station|Port St. Mary Station]] 2007]]

===1873–1966===

The railway operated a modest local train service throughout the year, which was considerably augmented during the summer months to accommodate tourist traffic. Traffic was driven by three requirements: the need to connect with the ferries to and from Britain and Ireland, on-island transportation for tourists, and local passenger traffic. It was common for three or four timetables to be produced each year reflecting seasonal trends, and these would be published in the local newspapers. Winter traffic declined sharply after the 1920s, but it was not until 1960 that the railway was effectively "closed" for spells during the winter, with services only operating on certain days mainly for parcels traffic. This continued until November 1965 when the railway was closed ''"for essential maintenance to take place"''. No trains ran in 1966 but the following year it reopened on a seasonal basis as a tourist attraction as detailed above.

===1967–1968 Lord Ailsa===

The entire network was leased by [[Archibald Kennedy, 7th Marquess of Ailsa]] and the lines reopened on 3 June 1967 operating an intensive service, especially on the Peel Line, until September; the following year saw a reduced timetable of operation but proved to be the final year of the lines serving Peel and Ramsey. This has become known as the ''Ailsa Period'' known for the change of livery to spring green carried by the locomotives. The timetables utilised the Peel and Port Erin lines heavily whilst there was no service to Ramsey on certain days, and then only a limited service ran.

===1969–1972 Port Erin Line only===
From 1969 only the southern route to Port Erin was operated. Services generally operated from May to September thereafter still under the auspices of Lord Ailsa; the former lines remained in situ but disused, save for occasional stock movements to the carriage shed at St John's for the winter storage of rolling stock. A limited oil tanker service operated only in 1969. At this time the now traditional pattern of four trains each way per day was adopted and it is this pattern of operation that broadly speaking remains in place today.

===1973–1974 Centenaries===

Lord Ailsa took his five-year option on a 21-year lease and relinquished duties to operate trains from the close of the 1972 season and the Railway Company again took over services with subsidy from the Isle of Man Tourist Board. The centenaries of the Peel and Port Erin lines were commemorated with special trains on the anniversary days in these two years. Services continued to operate on the four each way per day pattern with additional services at peak times in the summer months to coincide with Island events.

===1975–1977 Curtailments===

In a cost-cutting measure, trains only operated between Port Erin and Castletown in 1975, and Port Erin and Ballasalla in 1976. The line to Douglas was still maintained as locomotives and rolling stock returned there to receive maintenance. There was much political controversy over the short-line workings and services were ultimately restored in 1977 although rails were lifted on the closed sections during this time. 1977 proved to be the final year of Railway Company operation of the line, again on a familiar seasonal basis with four trains each way per day between May and September.

===1978–1986 Nationalisation===

Various timetables were experimented with in the early period of nationalisation; Notable in this period were the Friday only ''Winter Shoppers'' trains which ran during the 1981–1982 and 1983-1983 winter periods, with only one train from Port Erin and return each day. Generally trains operated for Easter Week and the full season began at the end of May to coincide with the annual T.T. race period and ran until the last weekend of September. Aside from the popular ''Santa Trains'', which have operated since 1985 the line remained closed in the winter months. Also of note are the shuttle services which operated between Douglas and the country park at Lough Ned (mid-way to Port Soderick), these ran in peak season and often utilised the railcars; a platform was provided for this service which saw the last regular use of the railcars in passenger service.

===1987–1999 Anniversaries===

Trains operated for Easter Week with the main season running from mid-May each year; from 1987 trains ran seven days a week in this period (previously there had been no Saturday service for several years) and many additional and extra timetables ran for the ''[[Year of Railways]]'' in 1993, the ''[[International Railway Festival]]'' in 1995 and ''[[Steam 125]]'' event in 1998. Certain years also saw skeleton services operating in October and November in conjunction with various off-season attractions on the Island, although the pattern of passing trains at Ballasalla was adhered to. A familiar pattern during this period was the operation of an additional train on Mondays-Thursdays in July and August which left Douglas mid morning (10:50) and returned from Port Erin at 17:30, utilising the long-closed station at Port Soderick to pass the regular service trains. It was common for a shuttle service to link Port Erin and Castletown during the closure of the Billown Circuit for racing during this time.

===2000–2009: New millennium===
The season was extended so that a daily service also operated during October half term after a three-week closure from the end of September. In some years, Castletown station was used as a [[passing loop]] instead of Ballasalla. There was major disruption to services for three years from 2000 when a sewer pipe was laid beneath the railway. This resulted in short line workings from Douglas to Santon, and various shuttles between Port Erin, Port St Mary and Castletown before the full line was reinstated. A courtesy coach was provided during this period to bridge the gap of the closed sections for passengers. The extra peak season train was dropped during this period, and the usual timetable had only four departures from each terminus. From 2007 a commuter service operated during the [[Isle of Man TT|TT races]], and in the first two years this also ran during [[Manx Grand Prix]] week.

==Television & Film==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Title
!Year
!Location
!Details
|-
|''[[No Limit (1935 film)|No Limit!]]''
|1935
|[[Quarterbridge Crossing|Quarter Bridge'']] [[Braddan Bridge|Braddan Bridge?]]
|~
|-
|''[[I See a Dark Stranger|I See A Dark Stranger]]''
|1947
|[[Union Mills railway station|Union Mills Station]] [[Douglas Railway Station|Douglas Station]]
|Doubling as Ireland, double-headed train and carriage interiors used.
|-
|''[[Seaside Special|Seaside Special]]''
|1979
|[[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]] [[Port St Mary railway station|Port St. Mary Station]]
|Backdrop to a ''[[Chattanooga Choo Choo]]'' dance sequence
|-
|''[[S.O.S. Titanic|S.O.S. Titanic]]''
|1980
|[[Peel railway station|Peel Station?]] (& Laxey Harbour)
|~
|-
|''[[Anna of the Five Towns (TV series)|Anna Of The Five Towns]]''
|1984
|[[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]] (& Lineside Spots)
|Using locomotive No.13 ''Kissack'' and booking hall interior
|-
|''[[The Ginger Tree|The Ginger Tree]]''
|1988
|[[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]] [[Douglas Railway Station|Douglas Station]]
|Doubling as communist Russia
|-
|''[[The Train Now Departing|The Train Now Departing...]]''
|1988
|[[Douglas Railway Station|Douglas Station]] [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]]
|Episode Four'' "Steam In The Isle Of Man"''
|-
|''[[Stiff Upper Lips|Stiff Upper Lips]]''
|1998
|[[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]] [[Port St Mary railway station|Port St. Mary Station]]
|Using the [[Manx Northern Railway]] locomotive ''Caledonia''
|-
|''[[Cinderella (2000 film)|Cinderella]]''
|2000
|[[Santon railway station|Santon Station]] (& Santon Burn)
|~
|-
|''[[Thomas and the Magic Railroad|Thomas & The Magic Railroad]]''
|2001
|[[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]] (& Local Sites)
|Station building altered and shed used as ''Shining Time Co-Op''
|-
|''[[I Capture the Castle (film)|I Capture The Castle]]''
|2002
|[[Port St Mary railway station|Port St. Mary Station]] (& The Nunnery)
|
|-
|''[[Five Children and It (film)|Five Children & It]]''
|2004
|[[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]] (& The Square)
|
|-
|''[[Tamworth Two|Legend Of The Tamworth Two]]''
|2003
|[[Port Soderick railway station|Port Soderick Station]] (& Crogga Glen)
|Featuring locomotive No.11 ''Maitland''
|-
|''[[Keeping Mum|Keeping Mum]]''
|2004
|[[Foxdale railway station|Foxdale Station]] (& Foxdale School)
|
|-
|''[[Belle (2013 film)|Belle]]''
|2013
|[[Isle of Man Railway level crossings and points of interest|Glenfaba Mill]] (Peel Line Trackbed)
|
|-
|}
[[File:Castletown Station At War.JPG|thumb|right|[[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]] was used extensively during filming of ''[[Thomas and the Magic Railroad]]'' and was considerably altered for its appearance; for ''[[Five Children and It (film)|Five Children & It]]'' a temporary canopy was fitted to the front of the structure.]]
In 1976 the BBC series [[Nationwide (TV programme)|''Nationwide'']] featured a piece on the railway when it was under threat of closure. The BBC adaptation of ''[[The Ginger Tree]]'' notably used the carriage shed at Douglas, lineside scenes and (No.11 ''Maitland'' was painted matte black for this production and remained in this guise for the remainder of the 1989 season).

Other television credits include

* ''[[Wish You Were Here...?]]''
* ''[[Radio 1 Roadshow|The Radio One Roadshow]]''
* ''[[Lookaround|Lookaround Border News]]''
* ''[[BBC North West Tonight|North West Tonight]]''
* ''[[Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure]]''
* ''[[Robot Overlords]]''
* ''[[The One Show]]''
* ''[[Great Coastal Railway Journeys]]''

==Incidents==
[[File:Isle of Man Number 3 Garratt 100 exhibition.jpg|thumb|right|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.3 ''Pender'']] now displayed as a sectionalised exhibit in the [[Science and Industry Museum|Manchester Science Museum]] having left the Island in 1978 for these works to take place; this locomotive was involved in the 1925 accident, possibly the worst incident in the railway's long history and was significantly damaged as a result, vacuum braking being installed on all locomotives and rolling stock as a result of the serious nature of the runaway; the locomotive was one of the original trio delivered for the opening of the Peel Line in 1873 with No.1 ''Sutherland'' (now in the [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]] and No.2 ''Derby'' (now scrapped, but with several smaller components retained as spares, notably the pony truck).]]
* '''28 October 1916''': The steam locomotive [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.5 ''Mona'']] was derailed in the Nunnery cutting after running into a heap of sand placed on each rail by teenage boys. Only the engine driver was injured; the passenger carriages remained on the track.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 1916 |title=The Railway Accident. Mischievous Boys Prosecuted. Obstacles Placed on the Line. |page=3 |work=Isle of Man Times |issue=1,899 |volume= |url=https://britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001802/19161111/030/0003 |url-access=subscription |access-date=8 January 2024 |via=British Newspaper Archive}}</ref>
* '''22 August 1925''': A train hauled by [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.3 ''Pender'']] ran into Douglas station with insufficient braking power. Due to a misunderstanding, the guard and brakesman had been left behind at Union Mills, so there was no-one on board the forward and rear brake vans to apply the train handbrakes. The fireman of the train was killed, but the driver, William Costain, escaped unhurt. [[Vacuum brake]]s were introduced as a result of the accident.<ref name=Manx>{{cite book | first = Edward| last = Gray| year = 1998| title = Manx Railways & Tramways| publisher =Sutton Publishing Ltd | location = Stroud| isbn = 0-7509-1827-6| page = 23}}</ref>
* '''28 November 1928''': J.I.C. Boyd{{sfn|Boyd|1967}}{{page needed|date=March 2018}} mentions a serious head-on collision between a light engine ([[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.7 ''Tynwald'']]) and a passenger train on Port Soderick bank, which resulted in the frames of [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.10 ''G.H. Wood'']] being bent. They were bent again in a minor collision at Union Mills in 1968.{{sfn|Hendry|Hendry|1977}}{{page needed|date=March 2018}}
* '''14 August 2005''': A train hauled by [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.13 ''Kissack'']] was derailed on the facing points of the loop when entering Castletown, resulting in the locomotive and carriage F.54 becoming derailed. There were no serious injuries and services were replaced by buses for the remainder of the day while the locomotive was re-railed.
* '''19 May 2008''': A train hauled by [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.4'' Loch'']] to Port Erin was involved in a collision with a van at Port Soderick station. There were no reported injuries to the driver of the van or to the 74 passengers and crew on board the train.
* '''7 May 2012''': A train again hauled by No.4 ''Loch'' was involved in a minor collision with a train hauled by No. 13 ''Kissack'', which was awaiting departure from the bay platform at Port Erin, due to the points being incorrectly set.
* '''31 December 2022''': A New Year dining train hauled by [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.11 ''Maitland'']] struck a tree near [[Ballabeg station|Ballabeg Station]], causing some damage to the rolling stock, reported in the local media; so later services were cancelled.

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Isle of Man Railway level crossings and points of interest]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway stations]]
* [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]]
* [[Isle of Man Transport]]
* [[Rail transport in the Isle of Man]]
* [[British narrow gauge railways]]
* [[Bus Vannin]]
{{div col end}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite book| last=Boyd| first=J.I.C| title=The Isle of Man Railway| publisher=Oakwood Press| year=1967}}
* {{cite book| last1=Hendry| last2=Hendry| title=Isle of Man Railway Album| publisher=David and Charles| year=1977}}

===General references===
*{{cite book|last=Basnett|first=Stan|title=Trains of the Isle of Man: The twilight years|series=Trains of the Isle of Man series|date=2008|publisher=Lily Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=9781899602230}}
*{{cite book|last=Basnett|first=Stan|title=Trains of the Isle of Man: The Ailsa years|series=Trains of the Isle of Man series|date=2008|publisher=Lily Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=9781899602636}}
*{{cite book|last=Basnett|first=Stan|title=Trains of the Isle of Man: Post nationalisation|series=Trains of the Isle of Man series|date=2008|publisher=Lily Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=9781899602049}}
*{{cite book|last1=Dearden|first1=Steven|last2=Hassell|first2=Ken|title=Transport round the Isle of Man|date=2001|publisher=Stenlake Publishing|location=Ochiltree, Ayrshire, UK|isbn=1840331410}}
*{{cite book|last=Edgar|first=Gordon|title=Isle of Man Railways: 140th Anniversary 1874–2014|date=2010|publisher=Amberley Publishing|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK|isbn=9781445639642}}
*{{cite book|last=Gray|first=Ted|title=Railways and Tramways of the Isle of Man: A Past and Present Companion|series=Nostalgia Collection series|date=2006|publisher=Past & Present Publishing (Silver Link Publishing)|location=Kettering, Northamptonshire, UK|isbn=1858951968}}
*{{cite book|last=Heavyside|first=Tom|title=Douglas to Port Erin|series=Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series|date=2000|publisher=Middleton Press|location=Midhurst, West Sussex, UK|isbn=1901706559}}
*{{cite book|last=Heavyside|first=Tom|title=Douglas to Peel|series=Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series|date=2002|publisher=Middleton Press|location=Midhurst, West Sussex, UK|isbn=1901706885}}
*{{cite book|last=Heavyside|first=Tom|title=Douglas to Ramsey: including the Foxdale branch|series=Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series|date=2004|publisher=Middleton Press|location=Midhurst, West Sussex, UK|isbn=190447439X}}
*{{cite book|last=Robotham|first=Tom|title=Isle of Man Classic Steam: Isle of Man Railway in colour from 1950s to the Ailsa era|date=1998|publisher=Colourpoint Books|location=Newtownards, Co Down, UK|isbn=1898392439}}
*{{cite book|last1=Townsend|first1=Peter|last2=Stretton|first2=John|title=Railways & Recollections 1964: Isle of Man |series=Railways & Recollections Volume 5|date=2006|publisher=Silver Link Publishing|location=Kettering, Northamptonshire, UK|isbn=1857942787}}
*Lloyd-Jones, David (1998) ''Manx Peacocks: A Profile of Steam on the Isle of Man Railway. Atlantic Publishing.''{{ISBN|0 906899 958}}
**

==External links==
{{Commons category|Isle of Man Railway}}
*[http://www.iombusandrail.im/ Isle of Man Transport & Isle of Man Railways Site]
*[http://www.iomguide.com/steamrailway.php Isle of Man Guide – Steam Railway]
{{Heritage railways in the Isle of Man}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Isle of Man Railway}}
[[Category:Isle of Man Railway| ]]
[[Category:Railway lines in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Heritage railways in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:3 ft gauge railways in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1870]]
[[Category:Transport in the Isle of Man]]

Isle of Man Railway rolling stock

2025-07-01T13:55:52Z

5.253.76.1: /* "Small F" Carriages (1876–1896) */

{{for|a list of locomotives used on the Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway locomotives}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}
{{Original research|date=November 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2017}}
The rolling stock used on the [[Isle of Man Railway]] today is entirely original. Although the number of serviceable carriages dropped from an original total of 75 to as low as 14, this total is once again increasing due to recent rebuilds. The 3 ft (914 mm) gauge railway has been provided with a variety of stock from different manufacturers over its time. Types of coaches were categorized according to a lettering system: the original four-wheeled coaches were designated as A, B, C, and D types, and so on. The F prefix encompassed all bogie vehicles, including conversions from the A-D series. Letters G-M denoted goods stock, while N referred to ex-Manx Northern Railway six-wheel carriages.

== Four-Wheelers (1873–1874) ==

[[File:Steam Heritage Trail on the Isle of Man (83) (geograph 2115198).jpg|thumb|right|Surviving four-wheel carriage C.1 on the site of [[Peel railway station|Peel Station]] where it remains on display.]]
Four-wheeled carriages were supplied for the opening of the line to [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]] in 1873. These were close-coupled in pairs from the late 1880s. Each class of carriage had a different internal layout. "A" class carriages were {{convert|17|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} long, while the remainder were {{convert|1|ft|mm|0|spell=in}} shorter.

Class "A" consisted of twelve first-class carriages – eleven three-compartment carriages and one saloon. The "B" class consisted of 24 three-compartment third-class carriages, open above the seat backs. The "C" class (14 built) had two third-class compartments and a brake compartment – one coach was later converted to a saloon. The "D" class consisted of a pair of composites arranged 3/1/3, with the first-class compartment being wider at the expense of the third-class passengers.

All these were later converted into bogie carriages by mounting pairs of bodies on bogie [[underframe]]s supplied by the Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co. They became known as the "pairs" coaches and were later renumbered into the F.50-F.75 series. Today, only C.1 survives in its original form, albeit only for display purposes.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#cecece|Paired
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Preserved
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Builder
!Configuration
!Seats
!Status
!Paired
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|A.1 – A.6
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|20
|See "Pairs" F.50-F.75 Below
|align="center"|1909–1926
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|A.7 – A.11
|align="center"|1874
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|20
|See "Pairs" F.50-F.75 Below
|align="center"|1911–1922
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|A.12
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|1st Saloon
|align="center"|20
|''Ducal Saloon'' With C.9
|align="center"|1926
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|B.1 – B.10
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|20
|See "Pairs" F.50-F.75 Below
|align="center"|1909–1922
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|B.11 – B.22
|align="center"|1874
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|20
|See "Pairs" F.50-F.75 Below
|align="center"|1911–1925
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|C.1
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Guard / 2nd / 2nd
|align="center"|20
|[[Peel railway station|Peel Station]] Displayed
|align="center"|1910
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|C.9
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|First Saloon
|align="center"|18
|''Ducal Saloon'' With A.12
|align="center"|1926
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|C.1 – C.7
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|1st / 1st / 3rd
|align="center"|20
|See "Pairs" F.50-F.75 Below
|align="center"|1910–1925
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|C.8 – C.14
|align="center"|1874
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|1st / 1st / 3rd
|align="center"|20
|See "Pairs" F.50-F.75 Below
|align="center"|1909–1926
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|D.1 – D.2
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|20
|See "Pairs" F.50-F.75 Below
|align="center"|1909–1926
|-
|}

== ''"Small F"'' Carriages (1876–1896) ==

[[File:Isle of Man Steam Railway, Ballabeg - geograph.org.uk - 5359495.jpg|thumb|right|A typical example of a small "F" Carriage, F.18, at the rear of a train passing through [[Ballabeg station|Ballabeg Station]] on the return trip.]]
The initial batch of carriages was supplied by [[Brown Marshalls]] and became known as the ''"Small Fs"'' due to their smaller size compared to later vehicles. These carriages were 35 feet long and 9'6" from rail to roof. All had wooden frames concealed by the lower panelling of the carriage bodies. At various periods, a broad black stripe at the bottom of the lower panels indicated where the frames would normally show. This feature was reinstated in 2013.

Coaches listed with "Guard" in the layout had a handbrake fitted in a locking housing in one of the end compartments. In addition to the handbrake, a lookout window was cut in the end of the carriage. This allowed a brakeman to ride in this compartment and provide additional braking on heavier trains before the days of continuous vacuum brakes. F.19 and F.20 were the first two "half luggage vans" delivered to the railway, with half of the carriage occupied by three third-class compartments and the other half by a luggage compartment complete with guard's look-out duckets.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|In Traffic
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Stored
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#98fb98|Restored
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Preserved
|bgcolor=#f4a460|Undergoing Rebuild
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Year
!Builder
!Layout Type
!No. Seats
!Current Status
!Scrap Date
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.1
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.2
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.3
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Sold, [[Welsh Highland Railway]] 1975
|align="center"|198?
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.4
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.5
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|F.6
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Sold [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association|I.o.M.S.R.SA.]] (2024)
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.7
|align="center"|1881
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Ashbury Carriage]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.8
|align="center"|1881
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Ashbury Carriage]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Withdrawn 1965, Destroyed Controlled Fire
|align="center"|1970
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.9
|align="center"|1881
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|Rebuilt 1987–1992
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#f4a460
|align="center"|F.10
|align="center"|1881
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|Undergoing Rebuild 2021-2023
|align="center"|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.11
|align="center"|1881
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|Rebuilt 2020-2024
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.12
|align="center"|1881
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|To Derby Castle
|align="center"|1982
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.13
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd 3rd
|align="center"|48
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.14
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed, (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.15
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd / Guard
|align="center"|40
|Rebuilt 2019-2021
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.16
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.17
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-
|align="center"|F.18
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd 3rd / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Roof Replaced 1989–1990
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.19
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd.|Brown Marshall]]
|align="center"|Luggage / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|24
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.20
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Luggage / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|24
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.21
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Stored [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin]] Partially Restored
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.22
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.23
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Frames Scrapped 2011
|align="center"|1983
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.24
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.25
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / Guard
|align="center"|40
|Withdrawn 1998; Stored [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin]]
|align="center"|~
|-
|align="center"|F.26
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd 3rd / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|In Traffic
|align="center"|~
|-
|}

== The ''Empress Vans'' (1897) ==

[[File:The dining train carriages at Douglas - geograph.org.uk - 4388138.jpg|thumb|right|Modern replica of F.27, part of the dining train at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]]. This carriage is fitted with a kitchen, toilet, generator room, and guard's compartment.]]

Two identical vehicles were supplied to the railway in 1897 and became known as the ''Empress Vans'' to acknowledge the fact that the year of delivery was [[Queen Victoria]]'s jubilee year. These vans are the same length as the passenger vehicles but are entirely closed with no windows. They have guard's lookout [[ducket]]s attached. They were purchased for the railway's ''Luggage In Advance'' service on the South Line, whereby passengers' luggage was transported to its destination ahead of them and was already at their hotels on arrival, usually in Port Erin or Port St. Mary.

Their busy careers also saw them in use as an ambulance train in conjunction with the [[Isle of Man TT|T.T.]] and [[Manx Grand Prix]] races held annually on the island until the closure of the Peel and Ramsey lines in 1968. They were stored outdoors for a number of years and were also used by ''Campamarina'' at Castletown Station, fitted with bunk beds from 1979 to 1986. Despite their poor condition, both vans remain on the railway, having last been used in 1992.

The original F.27 was stripped to form the basis of a replica kitchen for the dining train in 2012, with only the underframes surviving today. F.28 remains stored, while the replica (also numbered F.27) is used regularly on the dining services.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|In traffic
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Stored
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Built
!Builder
!Type
!Status
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.27 (i)
|align="center"|1897
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Open Luggage Van
|Body Scrapped 2012; Stored [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Workshops]]
|-
|align="center"|F.27 (ii)
|align="center"|2013
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway]]
|align="center"|Kitchen / Generator / Guards'
|In traffic
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.28
|align="center"|1897
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Open Luggage Van
|Withdrawn 1992 Stored [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Workshops]]
|-
|}

== The Saloons / ''"Corridors"'' (1905) ==

[[File:Railway carriages at Douglas Station - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Known as the ''Cardinal's Saloon'', composite F.35 now forms the central part of the railway's dining train with the former third-class vestibule given over to the bar area; at the platform at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]].]]
The amalgamation of the [[Manx Northern Railway]] into the I.M.R. in 1905 led to an urgent need to buy more carriages so that the Manx Northern's cramped six-wheelers could be removed from front-line service. Like all of the later carriages of the "F" class, the saloons were supplied by the [[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Company]] (which had absorbed Brown, Marshalls in 1902). The sequence begins with F.29 in 1905. They were the first to be built with wooden bodies on steel underframes and are 37' 0" long and 10'3" from rail to roof.

All survive today; F.35, F.31, and F.32 were converted in 1980 to form the ''Bar Set''. At that time, half the seating was removed from F.35, and a small bar and chemical toilet were fitted, along with gangways to the adjoining coaches. Later, as F.31 was withdrawn for major bodywork attention, F.29 was fitted with a corridor and replaced the former vehicle. The saloons have remained unpopular with locomotive crews as they are heavy yet do not carry as many passengers as the standard compartment stock. Sketches survive which show that some consideration was given to building these carriages as saloons with a large brake-luggage compartment.

As of February 2015, all saloons except F.36 have been fitted with corridor connections to form a full dining train, with F.27 (ii) at the rear providing the kitchen facilities and generator.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|In traffic
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Preserved
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Builder
!Layout
!Corridor
!Former Layout
!Converted
!Notes
|-
|align="center"|F.29
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Dining (Bay)
|align="center"|2013
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|2015
|Refitted 1990 / As Dining Train 2013
|-
|align="center"|F.30
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Dining (6-0)
|align="center"|2012
|align="center"|1st / 3rd
|align="center"|2012
|To Purple Lake, March 2025
|-
|align="center"|F.31
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Dining (Bay)
|align="center"|1981
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|2012
|As ''Bar Set'' – To Purple Lake, May 2023
|-
|align="center"|F.32
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Dining (2-2)
|align="center"|1981
|align="center"|1st / 3rd
|align="center"|2013
|As ''Bar Set''
|-
|align="center"|F.35
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bar / 1st
|align="center"|1981
|align="center"|1st / 3rd
|align="center"|1980
|Bar Fitted 1979 / Refitted 2014
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|F.36
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|1st / 3rd
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|~
|''Royal Saloon'' - Overhaul 2024-2025
|-
|}

== The Hurst Nelsons (1899) ==

These were the first two bogie vehicles built for the [[Manx Northern Railway]]. They were the first passenger vehicles on steel underframes to enter service on the island's railway network, as well as the first to have electric lighting. They were purchased to act as through coaches to [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]. Externally, they are not terribly different from the other "Big Fs". Together with the ''Foxdale Coach'', they were allocated numbers in the "F" class upon take-over in 1905.

Remaining stock inherited from the Manx Northern Railway was either given the "N" prefix or, in the case of non-passenger stock, a small "r" was added to the title, as explained below. Both vehicles were sold in 1975 to the [[Phyllis Rampton Narrow Gauge Railway Trust|Phyllis Rampton Rail Trust]] but were returned to railway ownership in 2022.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Restoration
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Stored
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!M.N.R.
!I.M.R.
!Year
!Builder
!Configuration
!Seats
!Withdrawn
!Notes
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|No.15
|align="center"|F.37
|1899
| align="center" |[[Hurst Nelson]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|1972
|align="left"|Under Restoration 2025
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|No.16
|align="center"|F.38
|1899
| align="center" |[[Hurst Nelson]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|1969
|align="left"|Stored On-Island
|-
|}

==The ''Foxdale Coach'' (1887)==
[[File:Manx Northern Railway Brake-composite coach - geograph.org.uk - 1550743.jpg|thumb|right|As restored in 1979 in the purple lake livery and carrying the M.N.Ry. No.17 fleet decals in the yard at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] shortly after restoration to commemorate the [[Manx Northern Railway]] centenary that year.]]
[[File:The Foxdale coach number 17 - geograph.org.uk - 5398404.jpg|thumb|The Foxdale coach No. 17 at [[Castletown railway station|Castletown]].]]

Yet another oddity is this carriage originating from the [[Foxdale Railway]]. It was built by the Oldbury Railway Carriage and Wagon Co<ref>Boyd, J.I.C., The Isle of Man Railway vol 3 (Oakwood Press, 1996) p. 257</ref> in 1886 for the small branch to Foxdale. This is a true survivor of the system and is still in operation today. It is the smallest bogie carriage on the system, being only 30' 0" long, and rides on plate frame bogies.

As constructed, it had four third-class compartments and a small luggage and guard's compartment complete with lookout duckets, which took up a little over a third of the length of the vehicle. One of the compartments was converted into a first-class section, which led to the carriage acquiring the nickname ''Kitto's Coach'' after the Captain of the Foxdale Mines, who had a first-class free pass on the Manx Northern.

It was converted into a [[camping coach]] in 1967 and painted into a non-typical blue and yellow livery. It was painted into its original livery and renumbered No. 15 for a short time in 1979 to mark the centenary of the [[Manx Northern Railway]], before reverting to fleet livery of purple lake and regaining the fleet number F.39.

She carried the red and cream livery from 1999 until 2013, when the coach was repainted into the Manx Northern Railway livery and renumbered M.N.Ry. No. 17. The first-class compartment was also reinstated at this time, reducing the seating capacity by two seats as armrests were provided. It was withdrawn at the end of the 2021 season, and the bogies were removed for attention. The carriage also underwent a full repaint, retaining the purple lake scheme with additional gold/blue lining detail applied to the lower panelling and relocation of fleet detailing.

{| class="wikitable"
!M.N.R.
!I.M.R.
!Year
!Builder
!Configuration
!Seats
!Notes
|-
|align="center"|№17
|align="center"|F.39
|align="center"|1887
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Oldbury Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 1st / 3rd 3rd
|align="center"|28
|Restored 2013
|-
|}

== ''"Large F"'' Carriages (1905–1926) ==

[[File:Port Erin Station - geograph.org.uk - 1569236.jpg|thumb|right|A rake of large "F" carriages (F.46-F.49) at [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]]; they are commonly marshalled in this way.]]
Built to the same larger profile as the saloons, these carriages still provide the backbone of the service fleet today and have rarely been out of traffic since their arrival on the island. They all now carry the standard red and cream livery and are the best-represented type of carriage on the railway today. Generally operated as a set with other carriages added subject to traffic demands, a number remain in storage, notably F.43, the earliest surviving example.

Other earlier carriages in the series have all had their bodies scrapped. These were all "half luggage" or sometimes erroneously referred to as "brake vans" or commonly "big brakes." Now scrapped, F.41 had its luggage space converted in 1979 to create what was, to date, the railway's only dedicated disabled access carriage. This was achieved by glazing the luggage panels, fitting the carriage with longitudinal bench seating, and creating glazed bulkhead panels.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|In Traffic
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Stored
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Built
!Builder
!Type
!Seats
!Notes
!Scrap
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.33
|align="center"|1905
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Luggage
|align="center"|24
|Frames Remain – See Below
|align="center"|1983
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.34
|align="center"|1905
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Luggage
|align="center"|24
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.40
|align="center"|1907
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Luggage
|align="center"|24
|Underframe Retained (Flat Wagon)
|align="center"|1977
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.41
|align="center"|1907
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Disabled
|align="center"|24
|Withdrawn 1990 – Underframe Scrapped 2019
|align="center"|2003
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.42
|align="center"|1907
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Luggage
|align="center"|24
|Destroyed (Controlled Fire) [[St. John's railway station|St. John's]]
|align="center"|1976
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.43
|align="center"|1908
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Luggage
|align="center"|24
|Withdrawn 1983 – Stored [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]]
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.44
|align="center"|1908
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Luggage
|align="center"|24
|Frames Scrapped 2010
|align="center"|1983
|-
|align="center"|F.45
|align="center"|1913
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd / Guard
|align="center"|40
|Turned 1985 (Guards' [[Douglas railway station|Douglas]] End)
|align="center"|~
|-
|align="center"|F.46
|align="center"|1913
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd / 1st / 1st / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|40
|Guards' [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin]] End
|align="center"|~
|-
|align="center"|F.47
|align="center"|1923
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|All Thirds & Braked
|align="center"|~
|-
|align="center"|F.48
|align="center"|1923
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|All Thirds & Un-Braked – Through-Piped
|align="center"|~
|-
|-
|align="center"|F.49
|align="center"|1926
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|3rd / 3rd / 3rd / Luggage
|align="center"|24
|Last Carriage Delivered – Rebuilt 2018-2020
|align="center"|~
|-
|}

== The ''"Pairs"'' (1909–1926) ==

[[File:Isle of Man Steam Railway rolling stock - geograph.org.uk - 5360107.jpg|thumb|right|One of three restored "Pairs" carriages, F.62, in use at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] shortly after re-entering service for the first time since 1987. This example, and F.54 feature three first-class compartments, whereas F.63 has a triple open compartment, making it popular with larger groups travelling.]]

To simplify the marshalling of trains and reduce their overall length, the original four-wheeled stock was close-coupled in pairs from 1887 onwards. This involved removing the chopper couplers from one end of each vehicle and replacing them with conventional side buffers on one carriage and rubbing plates on the other. A link and pin coupling then joined the inner ends of the carriages, while conventional chopper couplings were retained on the outer ends of each pair.

There was a further development of this policy between 1909 and 1926, when the bodies of the four-wheel coaches were removed from their original chassis and mounted in pairs onto bogie underframes supplied by Metropolitan. By the late 1950s, relatively few were used in regular service, but two sets were reserved for school traffic. These were used in regular service on exceptionally busy days, such as [[Tynwald Day]], but otherwise were confined to the school runs. By this time, they were painted in a utilitarian all-over brown colour scheme.

Oddly, several of the pairs were rehabilitated in the early 1970s, as their steel frames were of relatively recent date. A number had their bodies removed and later scrapped in 1968. The frames were used as runners for the short-lived ''Mantainor'' scheme; these were later sold to the Welsh Highland Railway. Surviving unrestored examples (F.66, F.67, and F.74) are in poor condition, as their bodies date from 1873, and they have been surrounded by a certain amount of controversy in recent years, having been removed from the railway for storage. The [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] has campaigned for their retention on the railway.

Three have been fully restored and are now in regular traffic. The final example, F.75, is unique in consisting of two saloon bodies known as the Ducal or Governors' Saloon; this is resident in the railway's museum in unrestored condition.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|Runner
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Stored
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Preserved
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#f4a460|Restored
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Frame
!Builder (Underframe)
!Former №s
!Seats
!Notes
!Scrap
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.50
|align="center"|1925
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.7 – B.8
|align="center"|48
|Frames as runner (1975 as "R.13"), Later Scrapped
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.51
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.3 – B.5
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted 'R' Series (as below) Later Sold
|align="center"|1968
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.52
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.2 – C.2
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted 'R' Series (as below) Later Sold
|align="center"|1967
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.53
|align="center"|1919
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.5 – B.21
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted 'R' Series (as below) scrapped
|align="center"|1968
|-
|-bgcolor=#f4a460
|align="center"|F.54
|align="center"|1923
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.7 – C.10
|align="center"|48
|Restored, rebuilt 1993–1999 In Traffic
|align="center"|1972
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.55
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.2 – C.6
|align="center"|48
|Frames Converted 'R' Series (as below) Later Sold
|align="center"|1968
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.56
|align="center"|1924
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.8 – C.8
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted 'R' Series (as below) Later Sold
|align="center"|1968
|-
|align="center"|F.57
|align="center"|1919
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.16 – B.20
|align="center"|48
|Frames In Departmental Use (As Flat Wagon)
|align="center"|1995
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.58
|align="center"|1918
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.18 – C.3
|align="center"|48
|Frames Converted 'R' Series (as below) scrapped
|align="center"|1968
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.59
|align="center"|1920
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.6 – C.4
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted 'R' Series (as below) scrapped
|align="center"|1968
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.60
|align="center"|1916
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.13 – B.24
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted 'R' Series (as below) scrapped
|align="center"|1968
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.61
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.10 – C.12
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted R.6 (as below) Later Sold
|align="center"|1968
|-
|-bgcolor=#f4a460
|align="center"|F.62
|align="center"|1926
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.1 – B.1
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1987, Restored 2018-2021 In Traffic
|align="center"|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#f4a460
|align="center"|F.63
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.6 – B.10
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1987, Restored 2021-2023 In Traffic
|align="center"|~
|-
|align="center"|F.64
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|C.1 – B.19
|align="center"|48
|Frames Extant (C.1 Body Displayed [[Peel railway station|Peel Station]])
|align="center"|1978
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.65
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.22 – C.7
|align="center"|48
|Ballast Hopper No.1 (as below) scrapped 2020
|align="center"|1983
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.66
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.11 – B.15
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1999 – Stored [[RAF Jurby|Jurby Airfield]] 2020
|align="center"|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.67
|align="center"|1922
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.23 – C.14
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1999 – Stored [[RAF Jurby|Jurby Airfield]] 2020
|align="center"|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|F.68
|align="center"|1909
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.9 – C.13
|align="center"|48
|Displayed [[Vale of Rheidol Railway]] Aberystwyth
|align="center"|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.69
|align="center"|1923
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.4 – B.17
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted 'R' Series (See Below) scrapped
|align="center"|1969
|-
|align="center"|F.70
|align="center"|1922
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.9 – B.14
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1987, In Traffic (As Ballast Hopper No.2)
|align="center"|2000
|-
|align="center"|F.71
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|B.12 – C.5
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1979, Frames extant departmental use
|align="center"|1983
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.72
|align="center"|1926
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.3 – D.2
|align="center"|48
|Frames converted R.8 (as below) Later Sold
|align="center"|1967
|-
|align="center"|F.73
|align="center"|1920
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.4 – D.1
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1979, in departmental use as flatbed
|align="center"|1982
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|F.74
|align="center"|1921
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.11 – C.11
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1999 – Stored [[RAF Jurby|Jurby Airfield]] 2020
|align="center"|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|F.75
|align="center"|1926
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|A.12 – C.9
|align="center"|48
|Withdrawn 1974 [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]]
|align="center"|~
|-
|}

== "N" Six-Wheel Carriages (1879) ==

[[File:Abandoned coaching stock at St. John's, Isle of Man - geograph.org.uk - 1410747.jpg|thumb|right|Cleminson carriages were stored in the open at [[St John's railway station|St. John's Station]] following withdrawal. Several were saved and preserved, with one now restored and in serviceable condition, though in private ownership and extant in the [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]]. This view dates from September 1971.]]

For its opening in 1879, the Manx Northern Railway ordered fourteen carriages. These were 30-foot-long, six-wheel carriages built on [[Cleminson's patent]] underframes, which were five feet shorter than the Isle of Man Railway's "small Fs". Cleminson's patent enjoyed a brief vogue in the late 1870s as an alternative to bogie carriages, mainly due to its low tare weight. The [[Southwold Railway]], which opened the same year as the Manx Northern, also used Cleminson's patent underframes for its passenger stock and some high-capacity freight wagons. The North Wales Narrow Gauge and West Donegal Railways also used the system on coaches, and a Cleminson wagon survives on the Ffestiniog.

Two of the Manx Northern "N" class carriages were built as first-class; two as composites; and ten as either third-class or third-brake carriages. The first-class carriages were arranged as three small saloons and seated 42. The third-class carriages must have been quite cramped internally, as the compartments were only 4'10" (1.47 m) wide, ten inches less than the IMR bogie carriages. Both of the composites and about half of the third-class carriages were built with a handbrake wheel in an end compartment that could be locked away when not in use and the compartment used for passengers.

Two of the third-class carriages were damaged in minor collisions or suffered underframe failure before the Manx Northern was taken over by the Isle of Man Railway. Twelve of the class passed to the IMR's ownership in 1905. J.I.C. Boyd (''The Isle of Man Railway'' Oakwood Press, 1967) states that the original intention was to number them into the "F" series, hence the numbers 40 to 51, but as they were six-wheelers, they were given the prefix "N" – the next available letter in the IMR's coding system – to distinguish them from the bogie carriages.

Photographs suggest that at least some of the "N" series carriages remained in service in the 1920s and 30s. It is not clear when they fell into disuse. For many years, they were stored in a siding behind St. John's station carriage shed. The body of one of the "N" class carriages survives on the line today as the mess hut at Douglas station. This body came from N.41 and was placed in front of the locomotive shed in 1964, replacing another former six-wheeler. Between 1999 and 2013, it was stored on a runner behind the carriage shed at Douglas, but it has now returned to its former position, has been partly restored, and is used as an oil store.

Another composite carriage, N.42, was kept at the [[Port Erin]] museum until it was rebuilt in 1998, when it was placed in store. It was not returned to the completed museum but, despite being owned privately, it remained on the railway until finally removed (in the face of much objection) to Southwold in 2013. A third is in private preservation in the north of the island together with a [[Beyer Peacock]] locomotive, No. 14 ''Thornhill'' (Ex-Manx Northern).

Of the other ten carriages, one was withdrawn in 1903, a second in 1905, and a third in the 1920s. This was used as a Mess Room at Douglas Station and was later replaced by the body of N.41. The other eight were scrapped, some after being damaged in a fire in 1975, which also destroyed most of the 1876 batch of wooden bogie carriages.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Preserved
|bgcolor=#98fb98|Sold
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!M.N.R.
!I.M.R.
!Builder
!Layout
!Seats
!Notes
!Scrap
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|№1
|align="center"|N.40
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|All 1st Class
|align="center"|24
|Sold Off-Island 1975 [[Phyllis Rampton Narrow Gauge Railway Trust|Rampton Railway Trust]]
|align="center"|–
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|№2
|align="center"|N.41
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|3rd & 1st Class Saloons
|align="center"|24
|Frames Scrap, – Body "Bothy" (''Butchers' Coach'')
|1964
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|№3
|align="center"|N.42
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd 3rd / 3rd
|align="center"|48
|Sold 1975 – Extant Weetings Farm, Suffolk
|align="center"|–
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№4
|align="center"|N.43
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd Class
|align="center"|32
|Withdrawn 1944, Fire Damaged – [[St. John's railway station|St. John's Shed Fire]]
|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№5
|align="center"|N.44
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd Class
|align="center"|24
|Withdrawn 1944, Fire Damaged – [[St. John's railway station|St. John's Shed Fire]]
|1975
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|№6
|align="center"|N.45
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd Classes
|align="center"|24
|Sold 1975; privately restored 1978-2020
|align="center"|–
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№7
|align="center"|N.46
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Guard / 3rd Class
|align="center"|24
|Withdrawn 1944, Fire Damaged – [[St. John's railway station|St. John's Shed Fire]]
|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№8
|align="center"|N.47
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Open 3rds / Open 3rds
|align="center"|32
|Withdrawn 1944, Fire Damaged – [[St. John's railway station|St. John's Shed Fire]]
|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№9
|align="center"|N.48
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Open 3rds / Open 3rds
|align="center"|32
|Stored Latterly [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] 1967–1972
|1972
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№11
|align="center"|N.49
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Open 3rds / Open 3rds
|align="center"|32
|Withdrawn 1944, Fire Damaged – [[St. John's railway station|St. John's Shed Fire]]
|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№13
|align="center"|N.50
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Open 3rds / Open 3rds
|align="center"|32
|Withdrawn 1944, Fire Damaged – [[St. John's railway station|St. John's Shed Fire]]
|1975
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|№14
|align="center"|N.51
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Open 3rds / Open 3rds
|align="center"|32
|Sold Off-Island 1975 [[Phyllis Rampton Narrow Gauge Railway Trust|Rampton Railway Trust]]
|align="center"|–
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№10
|align="center"|–
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|3rd Class Compartments
|align="center"|32
|Scrapped Early – Never Allocted I.M.R. Fleet Number
|19??
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|№12
|align="center"|–
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea]]
|align="center"|Open 3rds / Open 3rds
|align="center"|32
|Original Bothy – [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] – Replaced by N.41
|1964
|-
|}

== "E" Class Brake Vans (1873–1895) ==

[[File:Port erin railway museum 1 2018-06-28.jpg|thumb|right|G.19 (on the far right) which was built as brake Van E.3 and later converted; now in the [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]] displayed with other rolling stock.]]

These were four-wheeled brake and luggage vans fitted with lookout duckets, but otherwise entirely sealed with only two drop-sash windows at the guard's door. Originally, these vans were intended to be capable of carrying ten passengers in a single compartment, according to [[Metro-Cammell|Metropolitan's]] original drawings (''conjecturally shown adjacent''), but this was never carried out. None of these vans survive today, and they were effectively made redundant when later passenger coaches had their own braking systems.

The primary purpose of the "E" van was to provide luggage accommodation and braking for the original "A" – "D" class, most of which did not have their own brakes when supplied in 1873/4. One surviving member of the class sat at the end of the [[Port Erin]] arrival platform at [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] for many years and retained its pre-war two-tone brown livery. The [[Manx Northern Railway]] owned a pair of similar vans for use with the "N" class carriages, but these seem to have been replaced in the 1890s and then used for goods traffic until they were scrapped in the 1920s.<ref>Hendry and Hendry – "The Manx Northern Railway" – David and Charles, 1979</ref>

The possibility of the [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] recreating one of these vehicles has been mooted in the past but never reached fruition.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Preserved
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Status
!Scrap
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|E.1 (i)
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Destroyed (Collision), Frames To G.7
|align="center"|1893
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|E.1 (ii)
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Renumbered E.4 (ii) [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|E.2
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Body To [[Santon railway station|Santon Station]] Grounded Store
|align="center"|1975
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|E.3
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Frames Converted G.19 (1921) Extant [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]]
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|E.4
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Frames Converted Fish Wagon No.3 & Body Scrapped
|align="center"|1923
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|E.5
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Mobile Store [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] Until 1963
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|E.6
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Body To [[Peel Road railway station|Peel Road]] Grounded Store
|align="center"|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|E.7 
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Body To [[Sulby Bridge railway station|Sulby Bridge]] Grounded Store; Frames To K.5 (ii)
|align="center"|1937
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Er.8
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[Manx Northern Railway|Manx Northern Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Ex-M.N.R. No.16 – Body To [[Colby railway station|Colby Station]] Grounded Store
|align="center"|1972
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Er.9
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[Manx Northern Railway|Manx Northern Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Ex-M.N.Ry. No.19 – Renumbered E.1 (iii); [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Er.10
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|Ex-M.N.R. No.16 – Later E.4 (ii) – Used With Crane [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|–
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|M.N.R. No.15 – I.M.R. Number Not Allocated
|align="center"|1974
|-
|}

== "G" Closed Vans (1873–1921) ==

[[File:Restored freight van from Manx Northern Railway - geograph.org.uk - 5662419.jpg|thumb|right|Gr.12, which was built as M.N.Ry. No.15, in the yard at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] in 2019 with original fleet detailing.]]

These were four-wheeled closed vans, often attached to the rear of a passenger train to transport goods to the rural communities that the railway served for many years. Upon [[Consolidation (business)|amalgamation]] with the [[Manx Northern Railway]] in 1905, five were inherited. Today, three remain in existence, all of which are still on the railway. These are G.1, from the original 1873 batch; Gr.12 (the small "r" prefix denotes that it is ex-Manx Northern stock); and G.19, which was used for many years by the permanent way crews. G.19 is distinctive for being fitted with clamber boards for tree felling and having a small wood stove installed, which were removed for its display in the museum during 2013.

Nine of the class were sold for scrap in the infamous ''Ballasalla Bonfire'' of 1974, along with many other items of redundant non-passenger stock. In 2017, the [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] announced plans to fully restore the sole surviving 1873 vehicle, G.1, to service. All were painted in a variety of shades of grey with white lettering and tare loadings, often with black drop-shadow.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Restored
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Preserved
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Notes
!Withdraw
!Scrap
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|G.1
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|Restored [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association|I.o.M.S.R.S.A.]] 2019-2023
|align="center"|1990
|align="center"|~
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.2
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|No Details
|align="center"|1959
|align="center"|1964
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.3
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|[[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1965
|align="center"|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.4
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|[[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1962
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.5
|align="center"|1877
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Ashbury Carriage & Iron Co., Ltd.]]
|Vacuum-Piped Fitted (Between [[County Donegal Railways Joint Committee|Railcars]]) 1962
|align="center"|1965
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.6
|align="center"|1877
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Ashbury Carriage & Iron Co., Ltd.]]
|[[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1960
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.7
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|[[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1960
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.8
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|[[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1964
|align="center"|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.9
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|[[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1963
|align="center"|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Gr.10
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|Ex-[[Manx Northern Railway|M.N.Ry.]] No.13, [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|19??
|align="center"|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Gr.11
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|Ex-[[Manx Northern Railway|M.N.Ry.]] No.14 Destroyed (Arson)
|align="center"|1965
|align="center"|1973
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|Gr.12
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|Ex-[[Manx Northern Railway|M.N.Ry.]] No.15, Rebuilt 1998–1999
|align="center"|2021
|align="center"|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Gr.13
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|Ex-[[Manx Northern Railway|M.N.Ry.]] No.16, Disposal Detail Not Recorded
|align="center"|19??
|align="center"|19??
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Gr.14
|align="center"|1897
|align="center"|[[Manx Northern Railway|Manx Northern Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Ex-[[Manx Northern Railway|M.N.Ry.]] No.32, Scrapped [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|19??
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.15
|align="center"|1915
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Frames Ex Four-Wheeler B.19 – [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]

|align="center"|1964
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.16
|align="center"|1915
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Frames Ex Four-Wheeler C.11 – [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|19??
|align="center"|1974
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.17
|align="center"|1916
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Frames Ex-Bolster L.5 – [[Ballasalla railway station|"Ballasalla Bonfire"]]
|align="center"|1967
|align="center"|1975
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|G.18
|align="center"|1918
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Frames Ex-Bolster L.6, Destroyed (Arson)
|align="center"|1965
|align="center"|1972
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|G.19
|align="center"|1921
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|Frames Ex-Van E.3 [[Isle of Man Railway Museum|Railway Museum]]
|align="center"|1991
|align="center"|~
|-
|}

== "H" Three-Plank Wagons (1873–1925) ==

[[File:Imr-h-wagon.png|thumb|right|H.27, one of the three-plank wagons, built as M.N.Ry. No.1. Note the central dropping door and timber brake blocks.]]

Twenty of these 6-ton three-plank, center-door, open wagons were built for the opening of the Peel and Port Erin lines in 1873 and 1874. A dozen similar vehicles were delivered to the [[Manx Northern Railway]] when it opened in 1879, and further small batches brought the total to 46 by 1926. One of these wagons was used (with suitable side rails attached) to carry the [[military band]] to [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]] on opening day in 1873.

The [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] built one of these from scratch in 2000. It has been given the number H.1 and has been through-piped for vacuum brakes to meet current safety regulations. This was the second project undertaken by the supporters, the first being the rebuilding of a ballast wagon, M.78. All carried a variety of shades of grey on timberwork with black metalwork as standard and fleet numbering on the sides in white, sometimes with black drop-shadow.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Restored
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Built
!Builder
!Scrap
!Notes
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|H.1-H.20
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wago]]
|align="center"|1928–1960
|H.1 Rebuilt As Below
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|H.21-H.26
|align="center"|1877
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Ashbury Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|1921–1962
|Only Batch With Coil Springs Fitted
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Hr.27-Hr.38
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Ashbury Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|1944–1963
|Ex-[[Manx Northern Railway]] No.1 – No.12
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Hr.39-Hr.45
|align="center"|1900
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|1957–1962
|Ex-[[Manx Northern Railway]] No.13, No.37 – No.42
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Hr.46
|align="center"|1918
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1953–1961
|Using Frames Ex-Cattle Van K.15 (Above)
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|H.41 (ii)
|align="center"|1925
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1962
|Replacement – Original Damaged & Scrapped
|-
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|H.1 (ii)
|align="center"|1998
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association|I.o.M.S.R.S.A.]]
|align="center"|~
|Rebuild – Extant [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]]
|-
|}

== "K" Cattle Vans (1873–1926) ==

[[File:Imr-k-wagon.png|thumb|right|Unroofed K.6, built as the [[Manx Northern Railway]]'s No.9 in 1879 and scrapped in 1963.]]

These were cattle-carrying wagons, ostensibly similar to the "G" class, but rather than being completely sealed, the top quarter of them was ventilated and featured horizontal rails where the "G" vans had only ventilated slots. The first batch was delivered for the opening of the Peel Line in 1873, with some early versions being delivered roofless. K.10, K.11, and K.12 were built for the Manx Mining Company and were converted in 1916 from 'M' series (M.45, M.43, and M.44 respectively).

None survive today, but it has been suggested that the [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] may reconstruct one of these for historical purposes, so the railway ultimately has an example of each type of stock in their possession. The standard livery was pale grey, later a deeper shade, with black metalwork and fleet detailing in white, shadowed.

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builders
!Scrap
!Notes
|-
|align="center"|K.1 – K.2
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|1921
|Both Remained Unroofed, K.1 Chassis to H.41
|-
|align="center"|K.3 – K.4
|align="center"|1877
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron]]
|align="center"|1965
|K.3 Roofed 1924 / K.4 Remained Unroofed & Scrapped 1946
|-
|align="center"|Kr.5 – Kr.7
|align="center"|1879
|align="center"|[[Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd|Swansea Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|1963
|Ex-M.N.Ry. No.7-No.9 / Kr.6 Roofed 1916, Kr.5 Scrapped 1924
|-
|align="center"|K.5 (ii)
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1961
|Chassis Ex-Brake Van E.7 – Replacement
|-
|align="center"|K.8 – K.9
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|align="center"|1960
|Roofed 1916 & 1927 Respectively
|-
|align="center"|K.10 – K.12
|align="center"|1908
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1961
|All Roofed 1916 – K.10 Scrapped 1947, K.11 in 1946
|-
|align="center"|K.13 – K.14
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1927
|Ex-B.12 & C.5, Became K.13A in 1924 & K.14A in 1925
|-
|align="center"|K.15 – K.16
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1947
|Chassis Ex-B.5 & B.16
|-
|align="center"|K.17 – K.18
|align="center"|1914
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|19??
|No Portholes, Chassis Ex-B.2 & C.6
|-
|align="center"|K.19 – K.20
|align="center"|1920
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1965
|Chassis Ex-B.20 & B.21, K.19 Scrapped 1960
|-
|align="center"|K.21 – K.23
|align="center"|1921
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1962
|Chassis Ex-B.11, B.15, B.4
|-
|align="center"|K.24 – K.26
|align="center"|1923
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1964
|Chassis Ex-B.17, B.13, B.24
|-
|align="center"|K.13-K.14 (ii)
|align="center"|1924
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1964
|Chassis Ex B.12 & C.5 – Replacements, K.13 Scrapped 1949
|-
|align="center"|K.1-K.2 (ii)
|align="center"|1926
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|1962
|Chassis Ex-C.11 & B.6 – Replacements
|-
|}

== "L" Bolster Wagons (1874–1910) ==

[[File:Imr-l-wagon.png|thumb|right|Bolster wagon L.4 dated from the opening of the south line in 1874 and was one of four identical vehicles initially delivered.]]

The railway had six of these four-wheel vehicles, which were used to carry long loads, commonly in pairs. Each had manual parking brakes, and they survived until the final years of the railway, though they were largely out of use in later years. All had a grey livery on the woodwork and black metal and frames, with numbering along their edges.

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Notes
!Scrap
|-
|align="center"|L.1 – L.2
|align="center"|1874
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|
|align="center"|1975
|-
|align="center"|L.3 – L.4
|align="center"|1874
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|
|align="center"|1959
|-
|-
|align="center"|L.5 – L.6
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Rebuilt, G.17 & G.18
|align="center"|~
|-
|}

== "M" Two-Plank Wagons (1877–1926) ==

[[File:Imr-m-wagon.png|thumb|right|M.43, one of the two-plank drop-side wagons from the 1911 batch of twelve identical vehicles, all scrapped between 1955 and 1969.]]

Two-plank, drop-sided wagons, broadly similar to the "H" class, were intended as ballast wagons. However, their ease of loading and unloading made them useful for many types of goods traffic, eventually totaling 78 of these wagons on the line. Three were leased as private owner wagons to the Mona Chemical Company in [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]]. Other private owner wagons possibly existed.

At least six were still serviceable in 1975, and a couple survived into nationalization. M.70 was resident on the old goods siding at [[Santon, Isle of Man|Santon]] Station for many years. M.78 also survived, and it was this vehicle that inspired the [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] to restore it in 1998. The "rebuilt" wagon is now part of the railway's historic fleet of vehicles and bears plaques denoting its origins. It is coupled to H.1 as the Troublesome Trucks each September for the [[Thomas the Tank Engine|''Friends of Thomas'']] event.

All carried a variety of shades of grey with black metalwork and fleet detailing on the sides in white, shadowed in black, though this was later dropped.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Restored
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|}

{| class="wikitable"

!No.
!Built
!Builders
!Notes
!Scrapped
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.1 – M.4
|align="center"|1877
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Ashbury Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1955–1962
|align="center"|1960 – 1965
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.5 – M.7
|align="center"|1884
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Ashbury Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1960 – 1965
|align="center"|1959 – 1964
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.8 – M.19
|align="center"|1888
|align="center"|[[Hurst Nelson|Ashbury Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1955 – 1965
|align="center"|1944 – 1965
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.20 – M.27
|align="center"|1889
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1954 – 1967
|1952 – 1965
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Mr.28 – Mr.35
|align="center"|1884
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Matthew Baird & Co., Ltd.]]
|[[Manx Northern Railway]] No.22 – No.29
|1958 – 1966
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|Mr.36 – Mr.42
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[Manx Northern Railway|Manx Northern Railway Co.]]
|[[Manx Northern Railway]] No.30 – No.36
|1955 – 1964
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.43 – M.54
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1955 – 1966
|1955–1969
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.55 – M.60
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1958 – 1965
|1955 – 1969
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.61 – M.67
|align="center"|1925
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|M.55 Converted Oil Tanker 1967
|align="center"|1960 – 1975
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.68 – M.72
|align="center"|1926
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1952 – 1960 (Parts M.70 Remain)
|align="center"|1966 – 1978
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|M.73 – M.77
|align="center"|1925
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon]]
|Withdrawn 1949 – 1971
|align="center"|1962 – 1999
|-
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|M.78
|align="center"|1925
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association|I.o.M.S.R.S.A.]]
|Rebuilt 1996 – 1998 – In Traffic
|align="center"|~
|-
|}

==Breakdown Cranes==

[[File:Union mills station may 2003.jpg|thumb|right|Crane No.2 on display at [[Union Mills railway station|Union Mills Station]] since 1992, pictured in 2003.]]
The railway owned three cranes in total. The first crane was delivered in 1873, in preparation for the opening of the Peel Line. A third crane was later converted for railway use and became self-propelled, although it was primarily used for demonstration purposes before being sold privately. This crane featured a red and vermilion color scheme, while the other two were predominantly red oxide. Crane No.2 was displayed in burgundy at Ballasalla and Castletown for a period. Today, all lifting on the railway is performed by hired road cranes, especially during annual event galas when locomotives are turned.

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Notes
!Withdrawn
!Scrap
|-
|align="center"|№1
|align="center"|1873
|align="center"|Thomas Kiss & Co.
|Delivered for opening of Peel Line
|align="center"|19??
|align="center"|1969
|-
|align="center"|№2
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|Richard C. Gibbins & Co.
|Extant, [[Union Mills railway station|Union Mills Railway Station]]
|align="center"|19??
|align="center"|~
|-
|align="center"|№3
|align="center"|1902
|align="center"|Taylor & Hubbard
|Sold privately off-island in 2001
|align="center"|2000
|align="center"|~
|-
|}

=="R" Bogie Runners==
[[File:Tractor on a train - geograph.org.uk - 4373616.jpg|thumb|right|Bogie well No.3 stored at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] in the summer of 2018, the only vehicle of its kind.]]
In 1967, as part of a short-lived experiment to use the railway for shipping container traffic under the title "Man-Tainor" (alternatively "Isle of Man Ferry Express"), a new "R" series was created. This series used the underframes of former "Pairs" carriages, whose bodies were removed and dumped in the goods yards at [[St John's railway station|St. John's Station]] (with F.69 similarly treated at [[Castletown railway station|Castletown Station]]). No stock carries this prefix today, as the frames were sold off in 1974 to the scrap dealer Manx Metals after the experiment ceased in 1968. The series letter and numbering were unofficial, applied by a party of visiting enthusiasts.<ref>Railway Bylines Vol 7 No 7, June 2002, p346 (Irwell Press)</ref> The numbers were applied in the order the vehicles were found, not in order of their former "F" numbers. The exact correspondence between "R" and "F" numbers is not known. R.3 was converted to a rather unsatisfactory well wagon and was cut up by Manx Metals. The remaining ten were purchased from Manx Metals by the Festiniog Railway,<ref>Boyd, J.I.C., The Isle of Man Railway vol 2 (Oakwood Press, 1994) p191.</ref> where six have been used under new coaches and two as wagons. The final vehicle of the batch was experimentally converted into a bogie well wagon by crudely dropping the solebar sides, but this was not successful and was later scrapped.

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Was
!Built
!Builder
!Notes
!Sold To
!Sale

|-
|align="center"|R.1
|align="center"|F.53
|align="center"|1919
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Stored, Ffestiniog Railway
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|-
|align="center"|R.2
|align="center"|F.60
|align="center"|1916
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Now F.R. Waggon No.57
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|align="center"|R.3
|align="center"|F.55
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Man-Tainor Traffic
|Manx Metals, scrapped upon sale
|1975
|-
|align="center"|R.4
|align="center"|F.52
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Now F.R. Wagon No.56
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|align="center"|R.5
|align="center"|F.58
|align="center"|1918
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Now F.R. Carriage No.111
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|align="center"|R.6
|align="center"|F.61
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Now F.R. Carriage No.118
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|align="center"|R.7
|align="center"|F.56
|align="center"|1924
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|F.R. Carriage No.121 (scrapped)
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|align="center"|R.8
|align="center"|F.72
|align="center"|1926
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Now F.R. Carriage No.117
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|-
|align="center"|R.9
|align="center"|F.69
|align="center"|1923
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Stored, Ffestiniog Railway
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|align="center"|R.10
|align="center"|F.59
|align="center"|1920
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Now F.R. Carriage No.119
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]

|1975
|-
|-
|align="center"|R.11
|align="center"|F.51
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Now F.R. Carriage No.120
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|-
|align="center"|R.13
|align="center"|F.50
|align="center"|1925
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|Bogie Well Wagon
|Manx Metals, Onward [[Ffestiniog Railway]]
|1974
|}

==Permanent Way==

[[File:Rolling stock at Douglas Station - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Runner F.71 stored at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] in 2012; it remains in departmental use today.]]
The railway still has a number of runners based on the underframes of former bogie carriages. These are mostly stored on the siding outside [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] on the former Peel Line, which now acts as a stock siding. Today, these runners still carry their "F" class fleet numbers, either painted on or marked in chalk. In 1975, the underframes of F.65 and F.50 were briefly renumbered as part of another series, becoming R.12 and R.13, but they later reverted to their "F" numbers. F.65 was converted to become the first dual ballast hopper. Most of these surviving examples use frames from the "pairs" series (F.50-F.75), except for F.33, which was a bogie luggage van. All runners carry a plain black livery with white lettering on the solebars. Some examples are occasionally used during the ''Manx Heritage Transport Festival'' each summer as part of demonstration works' trains.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#cecece|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Dismantled
|bgcolor=#98fb98|In Service
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Built
!Builder
!Type
!Notes
!Status
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.23
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell|Brown, Marshall & Co]]
|align="center"|Bogie Runner
|Timber Framed, Condemned 2009
|Scrapped 2011
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.33
|align="center"|1905
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Runner
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Works]]
|Departmental Usage
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.44
|align="center"|1908
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Runner
|Condemned 2010
|Scrapped 2013
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.57
|align="center"|1919
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Runner
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|"Peel East" Siding]]
|Carries New Underframe
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.64
|align="center"|1912
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Runner
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Works]]
||Components' Storage
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.65
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Ballast Hoppers
|Replaced (By F.70 Below)
|Scrapped 2020
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.70
|align="center"|1922
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Ballast Hoppers
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Works]]
|In Service
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|F.71
|align="center"|1920
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Runner
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Works]]
|Scrapped 2024
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|F.73
|align="center"|1920
|align="center"|[[Metro Cammell]]
|align="center"|Bogie Runner
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Works]]
|In Service
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|B.A.T.1
|align="center"|2009
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway]]
|align="center"|Accommodation Truck
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Works]]
|Dismantled 2015
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|W.W.1
|align="center"|1936
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway]]
|align="center"|Four-Wheel Well Wagon
|Replaced (Parts To W.W. No.2)
|Dismantled, Scrapped 1998
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|W.W.2
|align="center"|1998
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway]]
|align="center"|Four-Wheel Well Wagon
|Extant [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin Station]]
|In Service
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|W.W.3
|align="center"|2012
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway]]
|align="center"|Bogie Well Wagon
|Extant [[Douglas railway station|"Peel East" Siding]]
|In Service
|-
|}

==Fish Wagons (1909–1914)==
[[File:Imr-fish.png|thumb|right|Fish Wagon constructed using the underframes of four-wheel carriage C.13, with the bodies later scrapped.]]
Five low-sided wagons were built on four-wheeled underframes released from coaches that had been placed on bogie underframes ("pairs"). These wagons were numbered in a separate sequence without a letter prefix. They did not survive into the nationalisation era, although some excellent photographs of them appear in various books dedicated to the railway's history and rolling stock. The wagons were labeled "Fish Wagon" on the left-hand side and carried their nominal fleet numbers on the right. All were painted deep grey with black metalwork.

{| class="wikitable"
!№
!Built
!Builder
!Frames
!Scrap
|-
|align="center"|№1
|align="center"|1909
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd., Douglas Works]]
|align="center"|Ex-A.9
|align="center"|1974
|-
|align="center"|№2
|align="center"|1909
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd., Douglas Works]]
|align="center"|Ex-C.13
|align="center"|1965
|-
|align="center"|№3
|align="center"|1910
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd., Douglas Works]]
|align="center"|Ex-E.4
|align="center"|1951
|-
|align="center"|№4
|align="center"|1914
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd., Douglas Works]]
|align="center"|Ex-A.2
|align="center"|1960
|-
|align="center"|№5
|align="center"|1914
|align="center"|[[Isle of Man Railway|Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd., Douglas Works]]
|align="center"|Ex-X.??
|align="center"|1960
|-
|}

==Carriage Liveries==
[[File:Manx Northern Railway Brake-composite coach - geograph.org.uk - 1550743.jpg|thumb|left|M.N.Ry. No.17 (the Foxdale Coach, later numbered as F.39) at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] in September 1979]]
[[File:Steam Heritage Trail on the Isle of Man (83) (geograph 2115198).jpg|thumb|left|C.1 painted all-over brown on the site of [[Peel railway station|Peel Station]] as part of a diorama display in July 2010]]
[[File:Isle of Man Railway, Port Soderick - geograph.org.uk - 785484.jpg|thumb|left|F.45, F.39, F.11 and F.26 in the then-standard purple lake scheme at [[Port Soderick railway station|Port Soderick Station]] with [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.4 ''Loch'']] in August 1995]]
[[File:Reversing at Douglas 2006.jpg|thumb|left|All-thirds carriage F.11 in red and cream at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] being marshalled onto a busy train in June 2006]]
[[File:Closing the doors at the end of the day (42715214285).jpg|thumb|left|A typical rake consisting of F.18, F.26 and F.54 in red and cream at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]] in May 2017]]

===1873–1885 Initial New Stock===
Series "A" carriages had off-white upper panels, green lower panels, and yellow lining, except for A.12, the "Ducal Saloon," which had gilt lining and, according to some sources, was painted green. Series "B" to "E" were chocolate brown with yellow lining. From 1881, new [[Bogie|Bogie Stock]] had chocolate brown lower panels and off-white upper panels, with gold lettering shaded in blue. A sole surviving door from one of the "E" series brake vans is extant in the works at Douglas and carries a faded and cracked brown/purple scheme with white droplight surrounds and vermilion/yellow beading detail. This was replicated in 2023 on saloon F.31.

===1879–1905 M.N.Ry. Only===
The Cleminson six-wheel carriages were described as being "Polished Teak." This is the appearance that restored carriage No.6 has today, commonly on display in the railway's museum at Port Erin. From 1899, bogie stock on the Manx Northern (e.g., the Hurst Nelsons and the "Foxdale Coach") had "Chocolate lower and creamy white upper panels" prior to the amalgamation with the Railway Company. The teak finish did not weather well and was replaced with paint relatively early.

===1886–1934 Mixed Schemes===
All passenger stock was now in bogie carriage livery (as above). From 1917, light brown upper window panels replaced off-white. The dark brown and tan livery now resembled that of the [[Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway]]. Certain stock in these colors lasted until the mid-1930s. From 1931, secondary carriage stock was painted in a utilitarian dark brown. New stock delivered during this period had white upper panels and lake lower panels, with vermilion and yellow lining.

===1935–1945 Utility Liveries===
Most stock had off-white upper window and purple lake lower panels, similar to [[London and North Western Railway]] colors. The remainder was in [[Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway]] colors. From 1940, any repainting was done in dark brown. Some photographic images from the time appear to show a two-tone brown scheme, though records do not indicate whether this was the case. Images exist of some saloons and "pairs" that appear to show varying shades of brown in the mid-sections, similar to the post-war cream scheme.

===1946–1971 Post World War Two===
Initially, carriages were painted all-over deep red. Later, they had deep red with off-white window panels. Older stock that had not been repainted was still all brown. Since 1968, all service carriages had cream (off-white) upper panels and red lower panels. One notable exception was the Foxdale Coach, which in 1968 was painted bright blue and yellow for use as Lord Ailsa's personal camping coach.

===1972–1978 Latter Railway Co.===
The post-war scheme was retained, except for five saloons which, in 1972, were fitted with bus-style windows and an all-over bright red scheme (F.36 was not so treated but was repainted for the Royal Train that same year). The Foxdale Coach was painted into the standard red and cream scheme in 1978 and later restored.

===1979–1999 Post-Nationalisation===
Upon nationalisation, many carriages were gradually returned to the purple lake livery, ending with F.45 in 1991. The "pairs" were outshopped in an all-over maroon scheme (with the notable exception of F.66). The last of these were withdrawn in this condition in 1987. The bar set of saloons (F.31, F.35, and F.32) received a red and white scheme in 1982, making them unique. This was changed to purple lake in 2001.

===2000–2024 Standardisation===
Since 2000, all passenger stock has carried the post-war red and cream scheme, though with a notably brighter shade of red, as standard. In 2013, the Foxdale Coach (F.39) was restored to its 1887 condition with purple lake and off-white panelling, and gold/blue lining and lettering detail. In 2022, saloon F.31 reverted to this scheme, but with red/gold lining to emulate its original appearance. This will be followed by all other carriages in the dining train to achieve a uniform appearance. The other exception is the privately owned six-wheeler M.N.Ry. No.6, which is varnished teak with gold/blue lettering and shadow detail. All other carriages are red and cream as standard.

== See also ==
* [[Isle of Man Railway stations]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway level crossings and points of interest]]
* [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.iombusandrail.info/ Isle Of Man Transport & Isle Of Man Railways Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017173843/http://www.iombusandrail.info/ |date=17 October 2012 }}
*[http://www.iomguide.com/steamrailway.php Isle Of Man Guide – Steam Railway]

[[Category:Heritage railways in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Isle of Man Railway]]

Mark Cavendish

2025-07-01T13:38:54Z

5.253.76.1: /* Commemorative stamps */

{{short description|Road and track cyclist (born 1985)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox cyclist
| name = Sir Mark Cavendish
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]]
| image = Mark Cavendish TDF2012 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Cavendish at the [[2012 Tour de France]]
| fullname = Mark Simon Cavendish
| nickname = Manx Missile<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 July 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish can leave Sky, says boss Dave Brailsford |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18949125 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116001424/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18949125 |archive-date=16 November 2012 |quote=Nicknamed the 'Manx Missile',}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|5|21|df=yes}}<ref name="quickstep-profile">{{Cite web |title=Mark Cavendish |url=http://www.omegapharma-quickstep.com/en/team/rider/mark-cavendish |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316114846/http://www.omegapharma-quickstep.com/en/team/rider/mark-cavendish |archive-date=16 March 2013 |access-date=16 March 2013 |website={{UCI team code|OPQ|2013}} |publisher=Decolef}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Douglas, Isle of Man]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="tdf-profile">{{Cite web |title=Mark Cavendish Tour de France profile |url=http://www.letour.fr/le-tour/2016/us/riders/team-dimension-data/cavendish-mark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717101715/http://www.letour.fr/le-tour/2016/us/riders/team-dimension-data/cavendish-mark.html |archive-date=17 July 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref>
| weight = {{convert|70|kg|lb stlb|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="tdf-profile" />
| currentteam = Retired
| disciplines = {{unbulleted list|Road|Track}}
| role = Rider
| ridertype = [[Cycling sprinter|Sprinter]]
| majorwins = ;''Road''
'''[[Grand Tour (cycling)|Grand Tours]]'''
:'''[[Tour de France]]'''
::[[Points classification in the Tour de France|Points classification]] ([[2011 Tour de France|2011]], [[2021 Tour de France|2021]])
::35 individual stages ([[2008 Tour de France|2008]]–[[2013 Tour de France|2013]], [[2015 Tour de France|2015]], [[2016 Tour de France|2016]], [[2021 Tour de France|2021]], [[2024 Tour de France|2024]])
:'''[[Giro d'Italia]]'''
::[[Points classification in the Giro d'Italia|Points classification]] ([[2013 Giro d'Italia|2013]])
::17 individual stages ([[2008 Giro d'Italia|2008]], [[2009 Giro d'Italia|2009]], [[2011 Giro d'Italia|2011]]–[[2013 Giro d'Italia|2013]], [[2022 Giro d'Italia|2022]], [[2023 Giro d'Italia|2023]])
::2 TTT stages ([[2009 Giro d'Italia|2009]], [[2011 Giro d'Italia|2011]])
:'''[[Vuelta a España]]'''
::[[Points classification in the Vuelta a España|Points classification]] ([[2010 Vuelta a España|2010]])
::3 individual stages ([[2010 Vuelta a España|2010]])
::1 TTT stage ([[2010 Vuelta a España|2010]])
'''[[Race stage|Stage races]]'''
:[[ZLM Tour (UCI ProSeries)|Ster ZLM Toer]] ([[2012 Ster ZLM Toer|2012]])
:[[Tour of Qatar]] ([[2013 Tour of Qatar|2013]], [[2016 Tour of Qatar|2016]])
:[[Dubai Tour]] ([[2015 Dubai Tour|2015]])
'''[[Classic cycle races|One-day races and Classics]]'''
:[[UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|World Road Race Championships]] ([[2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|2011]])
:{{nowrap|[[British National Road Race Championships|National Road Race Championships]] (2013, 2022)}}
:[[Milan–San Remo]] ([[2009 Milan–San Remo|2009]])
:[[Scheldeprijs]] ([[2007 Scheldeprijs|2007]], [[2008 Scheldeprijs|2008]], [[2011 Scheldeprijs|2011]])
:[[Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne]] ([[2012 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne|2012]], [[2015 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne|2015]])
:[[Milano–Torino]] ([[2022 Milano–Torino|2022]])
:[[Münsterland Giro]] ([[2021 Münsterland Giro|2021]])
;''Track''
:'''[[UCI Track Cycling World Championships|World Championships]]'''
::[[UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|Madison]] (2005, [[2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|2008]], [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|2016]])
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[road bicycle racing]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{flagu|Great Britain}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[UCI Road World Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2011 UCI Road World Championships|2011 Copenhagen]]|[[2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|Road race]]}}
{{MedalSilver |[[2016 UCI Road World Championships|2016 Doha]]|[[2016 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|Road race]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IOM}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Island Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2003 Island Games|2003 Guernsey]]|Individual Criterium}}
{{MedalGold|[[2003 Island Games|2003 Guernsey]]|Team Road Race}}
{{MedalGold|[[2003 Island Games|2003 Guernsey]]|Team Time Trial}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[track cycling]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{flagu|Great Britain}}}}
{{MedalOlympic}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's omnium|Omnium]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[UCI Track Cycling World Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|2005 Los Angeles]]|[[2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|Madison]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|2008 Manchester]]|[[2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|Madison]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|2016 London]]|[[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|Madison]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IOM}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|Commonwealth Games}}
{{MedalGold|[[2006 Commonwealth Games|2006 Melbourne]]|[[Cycling at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's scratch race|Scratch]]}}
| amateuryears1 = 2004
| amateurteam1 = Team Persil
| amateuryears2 =
| amateurteam2 =
| proyears1 = 2005–2006
| proteam1 = {{UCI team code|TSP|2005}}
| proyears2 = 2006–2011
| proteam2 = {{UCI team code|THR|2006}}
| proyears3 = 2012
| proteam3 = {{UCI team code|SKY|2012}}
| proyears4 = 2013–2015
| proteam4 = {{UCI team code|OPQ|2013}}
| proyears5 = 2016–2019
| proteam5 = {{UCI team code|MTN|2016}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2015 |title=Cavendish signs with Team Dimension Data for 2016 |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/09/news/cavendish-signs-with-team-dimension-data-for-2016_386647 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501134834/http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/09/news/cavendish-signs-with-team-dimension-data-for-2016_386647 |archive-date=1 May 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=[[VeloNews]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2018 |title=Dimension Data finalise 2019 roster |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/dimension-data-finalise-2019-roster/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226140431/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/dimension-data-finalise-2019-roster/ |archive-date=26 December 2018}}</ref>
| proyears6 = 2020
| proteam6 = {{UCI team code|TBM|2020}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ostanek |first=Dani |date=26 December 2019 |title=2020 Team Preview: Bahrain McLaren |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/2020-team-preview-bahrain-mclaren/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101031045/https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/2020-team-preview-bahrain-mclaren/ |archive-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>
| proyears7 = 2021–2022
| proteam7 = {{UCI team code|DQT|2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deceuninck – Quick-Step |url=https://www.uci.org/road/teams/TeamDetail/15237/1000495/279 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210101071627/https://www.uci.org/road/teams/TeamDetail/15237/1000495/279 |archive-date=1 January 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=UCI.org |publisher=[[Union Cycliste Internationale]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=Barry |date=5 December 2020 |title=Mark Cavendish signs for Deceuninck-QuickStep for 2021 season |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-signs-for-deceuninck-quickstep-for-2021-season/ |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref>
| proyears8 = 2023–2024
| proteam8 = {{UCI team code|APT|2023}}
}}

'''Sir Mark Simon Cavendish''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KBE}} (born 21 May 1985) is a [[Manx people|Manx]] retired professional cyclist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astana Qazaqstan Team |url=https://www.uci.org/team-details/17714 |access-date=12 January 2023 |publisher=[[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]]}}</ref> As a [[Track cycling|track]] cyclist he specialised in the [[Madison (cycling)|madison]], [[points race]], and [[scratch race]] disciplines; as a road racer he was a [[sprinter (cycling)|sprinter]]. He is widely considered one of the greatest road sprinters of all time,<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2017 |title=GREATEST ROAD SPRINTERS #1: MARK CAVENDISH |url=https://pelotonmagazine.com/racing/greatest-road-sprinters-1-mark-cavendish/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116020406/https://pelotonmagazine.com/racing/greatest-road-sprinters-1-mark-cavendish/ |archive-date=16 January 2020 |website=Peloton Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kröner |first=Hedwig |date=21 December 2011 |title=The top ten sprinters of all time |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/the-top-ten-sprinters-of-all-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812043325/http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/the-top-ten-sprinters-of-all-time/ |archive-date=12 August 2019 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> and in 2021 was called "the greatest sprinter in the history of [[Tour de France|the Tour]] and of cycling" by [[Christian Prudhomme]], director of the Tour de France.<ref name="Guardian 18 July 2021">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2021 |title='Comeback kid' Mark Cavendish poised to join Tour de France immortals |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/18/comeback-kid-mark-cavendish-poised-to-join-tour-de-france-immortals |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

In his first years as an elite track rider, Cavendish won gold in the madison at the [[2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|2005]] and [[2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|2008]] UCI Track Cycling World Championships riding for Great Britain, with [[Rob Hayles]] and [[Bradley Wiggins]] respectively, and in the scratch race at the [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] riding for Isle of Man. After failing to win a medal at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] he did not compete on track again until 2015, subsequently winning his third [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] title with Wiggins in the madison in 2016, and an individual silver medal in the [[Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's omnium|omnium]] at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].

As a road cyclist, Cavendish turned professional in 2005 and achieved eleven wins in his first professional season. From 2008 until 2024, Cavendish won 35 Tour de France stages, putting him first on the [[Tour de France records and statistics#Stage wins per rider|all-time list]], contributing to a [[Grand Tour (cycling)#Grand Tour stage wins|third-highest total]] of 55 [[Grand Tour (cycling)|Grand Tour]] stage victories. He won the [[2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|men's road race]] at the [[2011 UCI Road World Championships|2011 Road World Championships]], becoming the second male British rider to do so after [[Tom Simpson]]. Cavendish has also won the points classification in all three of the grand tours: the [[2010 Vuelta a España]], the [[2011 Tour de France|2011]] and [[2021 Tour de France]]<ref name="parker">{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Ian |date=18 July 2021 |title=Tour de France 2021: Tadej Pogacar wins as Mark Cavendish just misses out on stage record |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cycling/tour-de-france-2021-pogacar-cavendish-b1886206.html |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[independent.co.uk]]}}</ref> and the [[2013 Giro d'Italia]]. In 2012, he became the first person to win the final [[Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France]] in four consecutive years.

Cavendish won seven Grand Tour stages in 2013, one in 2015 and four in 2016. This included a win on stage one of the [[2016 Tour de France]], claiming his first Tour de France [[General classification in the Tour de France|yellow jersey]]. He crashed with [[Peter Sagan]] on stage four of the [[2017 Tour de France]], forcing him out of the race. Cavendish continued producing good results until August 2018, when he was diagnosed with [[Epstein–Barr virus]]. Before his diagnosis, Cavendish was able to compete in the [[2018 Tour de France]] but was disqualified after not making the cut-off time on stage eleven. He returned to the Tour de France at the 2021 edition, winning four stages and his second points classification. In 2024, he claimed his 35th Tour stage win to break the overall stage victory record, previously shared with [[Eddy Merckx]].

In the [[2011 Birthday Honours|2011 Queen's Birthday Honours]], Cavendish was appointed a [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) "for services to British Cycling." He also won the [[2011 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award]] with nearly half of the votes going to him out of a field of ten nominees. In June 2024, Cavendish was awarded a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) in the [[2024 Birthday Honours#Crown Dependencies|2024 Birthday Honours]] for "services to cycling and charity work."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c255wjrlp5no|title=Cavendish knighted in King's Birthday Honours|date=14 June 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/4645821|title=Order of the British Empire|publisher=The London Gazette|access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref> At the end of the year he was also awarded the [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award]].

==Early life and amateur career==
Cavendish was born in [[Douglas, Isle of Man]], the son of David, a native of the Isle, and Adele from Yorkshire, England.{{sfn|Cavendish|2010}} He began riding [[BMX]] at an early age, racing at the [[National Sports Centre (Isle of Man)|National Sports Centre]] in Douglas.

He joined his local club in Douglas at the age of nine with his determination soon becoming apparent. "He didn't like losing", said Dot Tilbury, his former coach; "He started to win and often he would lap the other riders in the field".<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 July 2012 |title=Isle of Man hopes for Cavendish gold |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-19011309}}</ref>

He said: "I was always riding a bike, getting dropped in little races."<ref name="ProCyc p59">Procycling, UK, October 2008, p59</ref> "My mum would laugh at me, and I said it was because all my mates had mountain bikes, so I asked for a [[mountain bike]] for my thirteenth birthday and got one. The very next day I went out and beat everyone."<ref name="ProCyc p59" /> It was at that time that Cavendish met British cyclist [[David Millar]] at a race on the [[Isle of Man]], who was an inspiration to him. Cavendish worked in a bank for two years after leaving school to earn enough money for an attempt at a professional career.<ref name="LEquipe19">L'Équipe, France, 19 July 2008</ref>

He gained a place as one of the first six riders selected for [[British Cycling]]'s Olympic Academy for junior riders in 2003 having almost been rejected because of his relatively poor performance in [[stationary bicycle|stationary bike]] tests. Coaches [[Rod Ellingworth]], [[John Herety]] and [[Simon Lillistone]] lobbied British Cycling Performance Director [[Peter Keen (cyclist)|Peter Keen]] to include him because of his potential.{{sfn|Moore|2012|p=39}} Although he initially struggled because of a lack of fitness, he recorded his first win in senior competition in March 2004; in the Girvan Three Day race he managed to latch back onto the lead group after being dropped over a climb before winning the finishing sprint ahead of [[Julian Winn]].<ref name="birnie">{{Cite web |last=Birnie |first=Lionel|date=13 October 2011 |title=How Mark Cavendish conquered the world |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/how-mark-cavendish-conquered-the-world-47952 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115150/http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/how-mark-cavendish-conquered-the-world-47952 |archive-date=10 May 2018 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> Whilst at the academy, he won two gold medals at the [[2003 Island Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race Results |url=http://www.iiga.org/media/2003/2003_cycling.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031241/http://www.iiga.org/media/2003/2003_cycling.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=iiga.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=Island Games 2015: Who will be next to follow these stars? |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/33240901 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729005430/https://www.bbc.com/sport/33240901 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>

Cavendish progressed well at the academy. Ellingworth said, "Cav kind of liked it" when asked about the rigid rules and "dictatorship style" of the academy. The junior riders lived on £58 a week and financial management became a part of life at the academy as well as cooking and cleaning.{{sfn|Moore|2012|p=47}}<ref name="birnie" /> ''[[Cycling Weekly]]'' described the academy as "a boot camp style training regime"<ref name=birnie/> controlled by Ellingworth, who, after finding out they had skipped a three-hour training ride, made the juniors complete four hours hard training at night.{{sfn|Moore|2012|p=43}}

He won gold in the [[madison (cycling)|madison]] with [[Rob Hayles]] at the [[2005 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] in Los Angeles. They had not raced together before as Hayles' usual partner, [[Geraint Thomas]], had crashed during training a few weeks earlier<ref name="birnie" />—but finished one lap ahead of the field to claim the gold medal, followed by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[Belgium|Belgian]] teams, Cavendish's first world title.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2005 |title=British success in men's madison |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/4386997.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712194727/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/4386997.stm |archive-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> Cavendish also won the points race at the [[2005 UEC European Track Championships|UEC European Track Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 European Track Championships |url=http://uec-federation.eu/results/track_ech_2005-s116.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701114343/http://uec-federation.eu/results/track_ech_2005-s116.html |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref>

==Professional career==
===Team Sparkasse (2005–2006)===
Cavendish turned professional in 2005 with Team Sparkasse, a feeder squad for the {{UCI team code|THR|2005}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2014 |title=Mark Cavendish: Rider Profile |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-rider-profile-72572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310060952/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-rider-profile-72572 |archive-date=10 March 2014 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2018 |title=Meeting the Manx Missile – Mark Cavendish MBE |url=https://www.revolution.watch/meeting-manx-missile-mark-cavendish-mbe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229191537/https://www.revolution.watch/meeting-manx-missile-mark-cavendish-mbe/ |archive-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> During this time, he rode the [[Tour de Berlin]] and the [[2005 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]]. He remained with the team into 2006, winning two stages and the points and sprint competitions in June's Tour de Berlin. He rode for the [[Isle of Man at the 2006 Commonwealth Games|Isle of Man]] on the track at the [[Cycling at the 2006 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] in Melbourne, riding the [[Cycling at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's scratch race|scratch race]]. He lapped the field with three others: England's Rob Hayles; Ashley Hutchinson of Australia; and [[James McCallum (cyclist)|James McCallum]] of Scotland. Hayles then led him out for the sprint to win gold for the Isle of Man.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2006 |title=Gold medallist supports velodrome |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/isle_of_man/6206189.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528032432/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/isle_of_man/6206189.stm |archive-date=28 May 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sawford |first=Mal |date=19 March 2011 |title=2006 Commonwealth Games |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2006/mar06/commgames06/?id=results/commgames064 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025184248/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2006/mar06/commgames06/?id=results%2Fcommgames064 |archive-date=25 October 2012}}</ref>

===T-Mobile Team (2006–2011)===
====2006–2007====
[[File:2006 Tour of Britain, Stage 6 cropped.jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of three sprinting cyclists with a crowd watching in the background | Cavendish (centre) sprinting for [[2006 Tour of Britain#Stage 6|stage six]] of the [[2006 Tour of Britain]] against [[Tom Boonen]] (left) while riding for {{UCI team code|THR|2006}}.]]
His success at the 2006 [[Tour de Berlin]] led to him being a ''[[stagiaire (cycling)|stagiaire]]'' with the {{UCI team code|THR|2006|nolink=yes}} from August until the end of the season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/cavendish-to-ride-as-stagiaire-with-t-mobile-74070|title=Cavendish to ride as stagiaire with T-Mobile|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[TI Media|IPC Media]]|date=28 July 2006|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> His best result on the road was in the [[2006 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]] where he came second twice and third once, and won the points classification.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2006/aug06/britain06?id=results/britain066|title=Boonen triumphs in London finale|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=Knapp Communications|date=3 September 2006|accessdate=3 May 2025}}</ref> He signed an initial two-year contract to join the team full-time from the 2007 season.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/5310222.stm|title=Cavendish secures T-Mobile deal|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=3 September 2006|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref>

His breakthrough came at the [[2007 Scheldeprijs]] race in Belgium, which he won.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Grote Scheldeprijs – Vlaanderen – 2007 |publisher=The-Sports.org |url=http://www.the-sports.org/cycling-grote-scheldeprijs-vlaanderen-2007-results-men-s2-c0-b0-g23-t55-u216-m26293-v1.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920062922/http://www.the-sports.org/cycling-grote-scheldeprijs-vlaanderen-2007-results-men-s2-c0-b0-g23-t55-u216-m26293-v1.html |archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> He went on to win stages at the [[Four Days of Dunkirk]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=William |author-link=William Fotheringham |date=10 May 2007 |title=Cavendish steals limelight from fellow Briton Wiggins |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/may/10/cycling.sport |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003132327/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/may/10/cycling.sport |archive-date=3 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=William |author-link=William Fotheringham |date=11 May 2007 |title=Cavendish proves his pedigree in stage win |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/may/11/cycling.sport |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003132329/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/may/11/cycling.sport |archive-date=3 October 2014}}</ref> and the [[2007 Volta a Catalunya|Volta a Catalunya]] leading to his selection for the [[2007 Tour de France|Tour de France]]. He crashed on stages one and two and abandoned the race on stage eight as it reached the Alps. Although he had taken two top-ten placings he was unhappy not to have had a top-five placing.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cavendish |first=Mark |date=16 July 2007 |title=My race is over. I was trying to do things I am physically incapable of. |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=http://sport.guardian.co.uk/tourdefrance2007/story/0,,2127329,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104055310/http://sport.guardian.co.uk/tourdefrance2007/story/0,,2127329,00.html |archive-date=4 November 2007}}</ref> Cavendish took his eleventh win in early October at the Circuit Franco-Belge.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair |author-link=Alasdair Fotheringham |date=6 October 2007 |title=Cavendish gets win number 11 in 2007 |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/348375/blog-andy-jones.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919165332/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/348375/blog-andy-jones.html |archive-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> Among the wins were three in [[UCI ProTour]] events—two in the Volta a Catalunya and one in the [[2007 Eneco Tour|Eneco Tour]].

====2008====
[[File:2008 Track World Championships, Madison.jpg|thumb|alt=Cavendish passes a baton to Wiggins who is followed by two cyclists on the wooden track | Cavendish (foreground) handing over to [[Bradley Wiggins]], at the [[2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] in Manchester.]]
In 2008, Cavendish returned to the track for the [[2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] in Manchester. Cavendish was brought in to partner [[Bradley Wiggins]] in the madison, as Hayles failed a routine blood test, and was subsequently banned.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Moore (journalist) |date=27 March 2008 |title=Hayles exclusion takes shine off Wiggins gold |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/mar/27/cycling.sport |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105051142/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/mar/27/cycling.sport |archive-date=5 January 2014}}</ref> At around halfway through the race they appeared to be out of contention, with their closest rivals all gaining a lap. With thirty-five laps left to race, Wiggins launched an attack which helped them reach the field ten laps later. They took the lead due to the superior points they had collected in the sprints. They held on to win the gold medal, finishing with nineteen points, ahead of Germany on thirteen.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Atkins |first1=Ben |last2=Stokes |first2=Shane |date=29 March 2008 |title=Wiggins and Cavendish get the High Road over the Germans |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/track/2008/mar08/wtc08/?id=results/men_madison |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111233742/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/track/2008/mar08/wtc08/?id=results%2Fmen_madison |archive-date=11 November 2012}}</ref>

On the road, Cavendish won his first stages of a [[Grand Tour (cycling)|Grand Tour]] with two victories in the [[2008 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] and four stages in the [[2008 Tour de France|Tour de France]], the first of which was on stage five.<ref>{{cite news|first=Kit|last=Nicholson|url=https://escapecollective.com/retro-rewatch-where-it-all-began-for-mark-cavendish-at-the-2008-tour-de-france/|title=Retro Rewatch: Where it all began for Mark Cavendish at the 2008 Tour de France|website=Escape Collective|date=10 November 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> He won also stages eight, twelve and thirteen.<ref name="cycling-archives">{{Cite news |title=Mark Cavendish |work=Cycling Archives |publisher=de Wielersite |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=16824 |url-status=live |access-date=17 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522061756/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=16824 |archive-date=22 May 2013}}</ref> After stage fourteen, Cavendish abandoned the Tour to concentrate on the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Olympics]] in Beijing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2008 |title=Cavendish out of Tour de France |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/7515986.stm |access-date=15 July 2009}}</ref> He paired with Wiggins in the madison, and as the reigning world champions, they were favourites for the gold medal but finished ninth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair |author-link=Alasdair Fotheringham |date=20 August 2008 |title=Wiggins and Cav' miss out on Olympic Madison |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/olympics/346251/wiggins-and-cav-miss-out-on-olympic-madison.html}}</ref> Cavendish felt Wiggins had not performed to the best of his ability in the madison.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Caroe |first=Charlie |date=30 September 2008 |title=Bradley Wiggins hasn't spoken to Mark Cavendish since Beijing Olympics |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/3108048/Bradley-Wiggins-hasnt-spoken-to-Mark-Cavendish-since-Beijing-Olympics-Cycling.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025095920/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/3108048/Bradley-Wiggins-hasnt-spoken-to-Mark-Cavendish-since-Beijing-Olympics-Cycling.html |archive-date=25 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chadband |first=Ian |date=23 July 2012 |title=Bradley Wiggins and Mark Cavendish fired up to banish their Beijing heartache |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/bradley-wiggins/9421818/London-2012-Olympics-Bradley-Wiggins-and-Mark-Cavendish-fired-up-to-banish-their-Beijing-heartache.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724083109/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/bradley-wiggins/9421818/London-2012-Olympics-Bradley-Wiggins-and-Mark-Cavendish-fired-up-to-banish-their-Beijing-heartache.html |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref> The rest of his season was successful, with a total of eleven further race wins, including three each at the [[2008 Tour of Ireland|Tour of Ireland]] and the [[2008 Tour of Missouri|Tour of Missouri]] where he won his only points classification of the season.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair |author-link=Alasdair Fotheringham |date=29 August 2008 |title=Three in a row for Cav in Ireland |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/346191/three-in-a-row-for-cav-in-ireland.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919142959/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/346191/three-in-a-row-for-cav-in-ireland.html |archive-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> At the [[2008 Tour de Romandie|Tour de Romandie]], he won the opening [[time trial]], beating compatriot Wiggins and emphasising his short-distance time-trial abilities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2008 |title=Cavendish wins Romandie prologue |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/7374234.stm}}</ref>

====2009====
Cavendish's 2009 season began at the [[2009 Tour of Qatar|Tour of Qatar]], where he renewed his rivalry with {{UCI team code|QST|2009}}'s [[Tom Boonen]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Brendan |date=3 July 2009 |title=Tour de France 2009: Mark Cavendish aims to challenge Tom Boonen for points title |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5734012/Tour-de-France-2009-Mark-Cavendish-aims-to-challenge-Tom-Boonen-for-points-title.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728103205/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5734012/Tour-de-France-2009-Mark-Cavendish-aims-to-challenge-Tom-Boonen-for-points-title.html |archive-date=28 July 2010}}</ref> Boonen won the race and one stage, though Cavendish took two stages. He also won two stages at the [[2009 Tour of California|Tour of California]], again beating Boonen in the sprint finishes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2009 |title=California double for Cavendish |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7900970.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311165318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7900970.stm |archive-date=11 March 2009}}</ref> The Tour of California also saw him win his first points of classification of the 2009 season.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2009 |title=Cavendish captures green jersey |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7906016.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311165334/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7906016.stm |archive-date=11 March 2009}}</ref> He was a surprise inclusion on the British squad for the [[2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]], where he competed in the [[2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's scratch|scratch race]] and the [[2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|madison]], failing to pick up medals in either.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2009 |title=Cavendish named in GB track team |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7945829.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324044802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7945829.stm |archive-date=24 March 2009}}</ref> He took up the European season at [[2009 Tirreno–Adriatico|Tirreno–Adriatico]], the Italian one-week stage race, winning one stage.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2009 |title=Cavendish takes Italian stage win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7948872.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321061436/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7948872.stm |archive-date=21 March 2009}}</ref> He then entered his first classic race, [[2009 Milan–San Remo|Milan–San Remo]], where he tracked down {{UCI team code|CTT|2009}} rider [[Heinrich Haussler]] in the last {{convert|200|m|yd}} narrowly winning the sprint and the race—Cavendish's first victory in a race known as one of the five [[cycling monument]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Haake |first1=Bjorn |last2=Westemeyer |first2=Susan |last3=Brown |first3=Gregor |date=21 March 2009 |title=Cavendish pips Haussler on the line |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2009/mar09/msr09/?id=results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618165806/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2009/mar09/msr09/?id=results |archive-date=18 June 2009}}</ref>

[[File:Etape 3 tour de France 2009 - Peloton 4 by Mikani Edit.JPG|thumb|alt=A group of cyclists on a road | [[George Hincapie]] and Cavendish during stage three of the [[2009 Tour de France]].]]
Cavendish repeated his 2008 two-stage victory at the [[2009 Three Days of De Panne|Three Days of De Panne]], also winning the points classification.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Brendan |date=2 April 2009 |title=Mark Cavendish and Bradley Wiggins win final two stages of Three Days of De Panne |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5095598/Mark-Cavendish-and-Bradley-Wiggins-win-final-two-stages-of-Three-Days-of-De-Panne.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427123631/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5095598/Mark-Cavendish-and-Bradley-Wiggins-win-final-two-stages-of-Three-Days-of-De-Panne.html |archive-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> At the start of the [[2009 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] Team Columbia–High Road won the team time trial and Cavendish was given the [[General classification in the Giro d'Italia|pink leader's jersey]], becoming the first Manx rider to wear it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lynch |first=Robin |date=9 May 2009 |title=Mark Cavendish and Columbia take Giro d'Italia opener ahead of Garmin |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/may/09/mark-cavendish-giro-ditalia-columbia-garmin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310020023/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/may/09/mark-cavendish-giro-ditalia-columbia-garmin |archive-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> The first two road stages were fruitless for Cavendish, as he was beaten to the line by [[Alessandro Petacchi]] in the first stage, before he was caught behind a crash and failed to make it back for the sprint the next day. After this, Cavendish took three stage wins before abandoning it after stage thirteen, citing a need to rest in preparation for the [[2009 Tour de France|Tour de France]].<ref name="farcical">{{Cite web |work=Eurosport |date=17 May 2009 |title=Giro d'Italia – Cavendish wins farcical stage |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/17052009/58/giro-d-italia-cavendish-wins-farcical-stage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523220527/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/17052009/58/giro-d-italia-cavendish-wins-farcical-stage.html |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=10 October 2009 |publisher=[[Yahoo!]] Sports}}</ref><ref name="stage2">{{Cite web |first=Anthony|last=Tan |date=10 May 2009 |title="Lazy" Cavendish learns the hard way, but keeps ''maglia rosa'' |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2009//giro09/?id=results/giro092 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618003206/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2009/giro09/?id=results%2Fgiro092 |archive-date=18 June 2009 |access-date=10 May 2009 |website=Cycling News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Anthony|last=Tan |date=17 May 2009 |title=Cavendish wins a stage left wanting |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2009/giro09/?id=results/giro099 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621001914/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2009/giro09/?id=results%2Fgiro099 |archive-date=21 June 2009 |access-date=18 May 2009 |website=Cycling News}}</ref> He continued his preparation by racing the [[2009 Tour de Suisse|Tour de Suisse]] where he won stages three and six.<ref name="cycling-archives" />

During the season, Cavendish developed a partnership with his [[lead out man]], [[Mark Renshaw]]. Continuing his run of success, he won stages two, three, ten, eleven, nineteen and twenty-one of the Tour de France.<ref name="cycling-archives" /> In winning the third stage, he became the first Briton to hold the green jersey two days in a row.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2009 |title=Superb Cavendish triumphs again |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8137119.stm}}</ref> Cavendish's stage eleven win enabled him to reclaim the green jersey from rival [[Thor Hushovd]] of Cervélo TestTeam. It also equalled [[Barry Hoban]]'s British record of eight stage wins.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2009 |title=Cavendish equals record with win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8152489.stm}}</ref> Winning stage nineteen, Cavendish set a new record for Tour de France stage wins by a British rider.<ref name="apology">{{Cite news |date=24 July 2009 |title=Embarrassed Cavendish apologises for outburst |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8168151.stm}}</ref> In winning the last stage, he led home a one–two for his team, as his teammate and lead out man, Renshaw, finished second on the [[Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France|Champs-Élysées]].<ref name="stage21">{{Cite news |date=26 July 2009 |title=Contador seals 2009 Tour victory |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8169503.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730082728/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8169503.stm |archive-date=30 July 2017}}</ref>

Following on from the Tour de France, Cavendish won the [[Sparkassen Giro Bochum]] and took part in the [[2009 Tour of Ireland|Tour of Ireland]], winning stage two.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2009 |title=Cavendish takes Irish stage win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8216156.stm}}</ref> In September he recorded the fiftieth win of his road racing career in a sprint finish in the opening stage of the [[2009 Tour of Missouri|Tour of Missouri]].<ref name="Cavendish earns landmark victory">{{Cite news |date=8 September 2009 |title=Cavendish earns landmark victory |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8243963.stm}}</ref> Before the race he confirmed he would remain with {{UCI team code|THR|2009b|nolink=yes}} in 2010, ending speculation that he was moving to the newly created British team, {{UCI team code|SKY|2010}}.<ref name="Cavendish earns landmark victory" /> Cavendish retained the leader's jersey by sprinting to victory in stage two but finished fifth in stage three, losing the overall lead to Hushovd. A lung infection forced him to withdraw from the race before stage four.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2009 |title=Sick Cavendish ends Missouri bid |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8249723.stm}}</ref> Although selected for the British team for the [[2009 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|road race]] at the [[2009 UCI Road World Championships|UCI Road World Championships]], his illness prevented him from taking part.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 September 2009 |title=Cavendish withdraws from Worlds |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8266520.stm}}</ref>

====2010====
[[File:Mark Cavendish ToC2010 Podium.jpg|thumb|alt=Three men are pictured standing on a winner's podium with their arms over each other's shoulders. | Cavendish celebrating at the opening stage of the [[2010 Tour of California]], with [[Juan José Haedo]] of {{UCI team code|SAX|2010}} and [[Alexander Kristoff]] of {{UCI team code|BMC|2010}}, second and third respectively.]]
After a dental problem, Cavendish delayed the start of his 2010 season until the [[Vuelta a Andalucía]] in mid-February.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Moore (journalist)|date=19 February 2010 |title=Mark Cavendish prepares to play catch up at the Vuelta a Andalucía |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/feb/19/mark-cavendish-vuelta-andalucia |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2010 |title=Cyclist Mark Cavendish starts 2010 season in Spain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8519683.stm |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Following the lay off, he failed to defend his victory at [[2010 Milan–San Remo|Milan–San Remo]], coming in six minutes behind the winner in eighty-ninth place.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Result |url=http://www.milansanremo.co.uk/2010/2010-result.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806050354/http://www.milansanremo.co.uk/2010/2010-result.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |publisher=Milan San Remo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Moore (journalist)|date=20 March 2010 |title=Mark Cavendish beaten by Óscar Freire in Milan–San Remo race |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/mar/20/oscar-freire-mark-cavendish-milan-sanremo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230093827/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/mar/20/oscar-freire-mark-cavendish-milan-sanremo |archive-date=30 December 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> His pre-season goals were to win the green jersey in the Tour de France and win the [[2010 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|road race]] at the [[2010 UCI Road World Championships|UCI Road World Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2010 |title=Cavendish reveals the pain of his dental problems |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-reveals-the-pain-of-his-dental-problems/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821192256/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-reveals-the-pain-of-his-dental-problems/ |archive-date=21 August 2019 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MacMichael |first=Simon |date=22 December 2009 |title=Cavendish targets Tour de France green jersey and World Championship gold in 2010 |url=https://road.cc/content/news/12246-cavendish-targets-tour-de-france-green-jersey-and-world-championship-gold-2010 |website=road.cc}}</ref> Cavendish raced in the [[2010 Tour of Flanders|Tour of Flanders]] for the first time but only to work for a teammate and gain experience. He was involved in a crash and did not finish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Daniel |date=5 April 2010 |title=Cavendish tested in Flanders debut |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-tested-in-flanders-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913144032/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-tested-in-flanders-debut |archive-date=13 September 2011 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> He found form at the [[2010 Volta a Catalunya|Volta a Catalunya]], finishing seventh in the time-trial and winning stage two.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2010 |title=Catalunya stage win for Cavendish |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8583664.stm}}</ref> His team withdrew Cavendish from the [[2010 Tour de Romandie|Tour de Romandie]] for making an offensive gesture after winning the second stage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Moore (journalist) |date=30 April 2010 |title=Mark Cavendish pulled from Tour de Romandie after obscene gesture |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/apr/30/mark-cavendish-tour-de-romandie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125052848/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/apr/30/mark-cavendish-tour-de-romandie |archive-date=25 January 2016}}</ref> Missing the [[2010 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]], he chose instead to compete at the [[2010 Tour of California|Tour of California]] starting in May, where he won stage one for his third victory of the season.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ford |first=Bonnie D. |date=17 May 2010 |title=It's a sprint, it's a finish, it's Cavendish |publisher=ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/columns/story?columnist=ford_bonnie_d&id=5194133 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107052330/http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/cycling/columns/story?columnist=ford_bonnie_d&id=5194133 |archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> In June, Cavendish crashed heavily whilst sprinting in the closing metres of stage four of the [[2010 Tour de Suisse|Tour de Suisse]]. He appeared to veer off line and brought down Haussler and several other riders, raising criticism from other teams regarding his riding style.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 June 2010 |title=Mark Cavendish pulls out of Tour of Switzerland |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8745840.stm}}</ref>

Cavendish entered the [[2010 Tour de France|Tour de France]]. During stage one, he crashed out of the final sprint, with just under {{convert|3|km|abbr=off}} remaining in the stage. Overhead camera footage showed him failing to negotiate a corner after entering too fast and turning too late. He then leaned his shoulder into a fellow rider as he travelled away from the racing line.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Alex |date=4 July 2010 |title=Tour de France Stage One as it happened |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8786630.stm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=4 July 2010 |title=Mark Cavendish at heart of crash controversy |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/jul/04/tour-de-france-2010-mark-cavendish |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312084629/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/jul/04/tour-de-france-2010-mark-cavendish |archive-date=12 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Gregor |date=4 July 2010 |title=Cavendish jeered by Sky fans following rough Tour finish |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/475511/cavendish-jeered-by-sky-fans-following-rough-tour-finish.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616154133/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/475511/cavendish-jeered-by-sky-fans-following-rough-tour-finish.html |archive-date=16 June 2012}}</ref> Cavendish returned to form by winning stages five, six, eleven, eighteen and twenty,<ref name="cycling-archives" /> bringing his career total to fifteen Tour de France stage wins.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2010 |title=Alberto Contador seals third Tour de France victory |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/8852774.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725191405/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/8852774.stm |archive-date=25 July 2010}}</ref> He ended up second in the [[Points classification in the Tour de France|points classification]], eleven points behind Petacchi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Tour de France Standings |url=http://www.letour.fr/2010/TDF/LIVE/us/2000/classement/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814194613/http://www.letour.fr/2010/TDF/LIVE/us/2000/classement/index.html |archive-date=14 August 2010 |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=Tour de France |publisher=[[Amaury Sport Organisation]]}}</ref> Cavendish's next race was the [[2010 Vuelta a España|Vuelta a España]]. His team won the team time trial with Cavendish finishing first, taking the leader's jersey.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wynn |first=Nigel |date=28 August 2010 |title=Cavendish leads Vuelta after HTC–Columbia win team time trial |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/497465/cavendish-leads-vuelta-after-htc-columbia-win-team-time-trial.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831222321/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/497465/cavendish-leads-vuelta-after-htc-columbia-win-team-time-trial.html |archive-date=31 August 2010}}</ref> He could place only second or third in the subsequent sprint stages but in the second half of the race, he won stages twelve, thirteen, eighteen and ultimately won the points classification.<ref name="cycling-archives" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Brendan |date=19 September 2010 |title=Mark Cavendish wins points jersey as Vincenzo Nibali takes overall |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/8012106/Vuelta-a-Espana-2010-Mark-Cavendish-wins-points-jersey-as-Vincenzo-Nibali-takes-overall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314033520/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/8012106/Vuelta-a-Espana-2010-Mark-Cavendish-wins-points-jersey-as-Vincenzo-Nibali-takes-overall.html |archive-date=14 March 2011}}</ref>

====2011====
[[File:Mark Cavendish, Stage 11, 2011 Tour de France.jpg|thumb|alt=A number of cyclists are pictured sprinting along a road with a crowd watching them | Cavendish (in the [[green jersey]]), being led out by teammates [[Matthew Goss]] and [[Mark Renshaw]] on stage fifteen of the [[2011 Tour de France]].]]
Cavendish had a slow start to 2011 failing to win a race until late February when he won stage six of the [[2011 Tour of Oman|Tour of Oman]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bacon |first=Ellis |date=20 February 2011 |title=Cavendish takes final Tour of Oman stage; Gesink wins overall |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/516771/cavendish-takes-final-tour-of-oman-stage-gesink-wins-overall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105151612/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/516771/cavendish-takes-final-tour-of-oman-stage-gesink-wins-overall.html |archive-date=5 November 2011}}</ref> His second victory of the season came in the [[2011 Scheldeprijs|Scheldeprijs]], with his third win in the race matching the record of [[Petrus Oellibrandt]], following his wins in 2007 and 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish wins Scheldeprijs Classic for third time |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/9448571.stm}}</ref> Having failed to finish at [[2011 Paris–Roubaix|Paris–Roubaix]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 April 2011 |title=Johan van Summeren wins Paris–Roubaix Classic |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/13030175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220145301/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/13030175 |archive-date=20 February 2014}}</ref> Cavendish came second in the second stage of the [[2011 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] to take the pink jersey in contentious circumstances, gesturing at stage winner Petacchi for appearing to move across his path in the final sprint.<ref>{{cite news|first=William|last=Fotheringham|authorlink=William Fotheringham|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/may/08/mark-cavendish-alessandro-petacchi-giro-ditalia|title=Mark Cavendish takes race leader's pink jersey in the Giro d'Italia|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 May 2011|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> Cavendish got his first Grand Tour stage victory of the year by winning stage ten of the Giro d'Italia, denying claims that he had illegally held on to his team car when climbing [[Mount Etna]] on stage nine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Brendan |date=17 May 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish sprints to stage ten victory while Alberto Contador retains overall lead |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/8518983/Giro-dItalia-2011-Mark-Cavendish-sprints-to-stage-10-victory-while-Alberto-Contador-retains-overall-lead.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521050731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/8518983/Giro-dItalia-2011-Mark-Cavendish-sprints-to-stage-10-victory-while-Alberto-Contador-retains-overall-lead.html |archive-date=21 May 2011}}</ref> He also won stage twelve prior to leaving the race.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mark Cavendish quits 2011 Giro d'Italia after win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/13459221.stm |access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> In June, it was announced that Cavendish was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) in the [[2011 Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 June 2011 |title=Manx cyclist Mark Cavendish honoured by Queen |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-13729311 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511090517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-13729311 |archive-date=11 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Alleyne |first=Richard |date=11 June 2011 |title=Honours awards for a sporting line-up |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/honours-list/8568552/Honours-awards-for-a-sporting-line-up.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614081902/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/honours-list/8568552/Honours-awards-for-a-sporting-line-up.html |archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> He won stages five, seven, eleven, fifteen and twenty-one of the [[2011 Tour de France|Tour de France]]—bringing his total to twenty career Tour de France stage wins.<ref name="cycling-archives" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2011 |title=Tour de France 2011: Mark Cavendish wins fifth stage |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14052966.stm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2011 |title=Tour de France: Wiggins crashes out, Cavendish wins stage |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14086677.stm}}</ref> He also became the first person to win the final stage three years in succession. Despite being docked twenty points each time for finishing outside the time limit after stages nine and eighteen,<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 July 2011 |title=Andy Schleck secures stage 18 win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14239059.stm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Glendenning |first=Barry |date=22 July 2011 |title=Tour de France: stage 19 – as it happened |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/jul/22/tour-de-france-stage-19-live |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927010112/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/jul/22/tour-de-france-stage-19-live |archive-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> Cavendish ultimately became the first British rider to win the [[2011 Tour de France#Points classification|points classification]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kröner |first=Hedwig |date=21 July 2011 |title=Cavendish loses 20 points on Tour de France queen stage |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-loses-20-points-on-tour-de-france-queen-stage |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807022357/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-loses-20-points-on-tour-de-france-queen-stage |archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish wins historic green jersey |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14266126.stm}}</ref>

Over the following weeks, Cavendish took part in the post-Tour [[criterium]]s. He won the Stiphout Criterium in The Netherlands, beating brothers [[Andy Schleck|Andy]] and [[Fränk Schleck]] of {{UCI team code|LEO|2011}} to the line.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=Barry |date=27 July 2011 |title=Cavendish sets his sights on world championships |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-sets-his-sights-on-world-championships |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807044128/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-sets-his-sights-on-world-championships |archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref> He then won the Profcriterium Wolvertem-Meise,<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2011 |title=Cavendish sprints ahead of McEwen in Wolvertem |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/post-tour-criteriums-2011/profcriterium-wolvertem-meise/results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009185616/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/post-tour-criteriums-2011/profcriterium-wolvertem-meise/results |archive-date=9 October 2012}}</ref> followed by the Wateringse Wielerdag.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2011 |title=Cavendish on top in Wateringse |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/post-tour-criteriums-2011/wateringse-wielerdag/results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807191920/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/post-tour-criteriums-2011/wateringse-wielerdag/results |archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref> In August, Cavendish's team HTC–Highroad announced they would fold at the end of the season,<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish's cycling team HTC–Highroad set to fold |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14412813.stm}}</ref> fuelling speculation that Cavendish would move to Team Sky.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 August 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish decided on team for 2012 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14369886.stm}}</ref> The following week, racing for team Great Britain, he won the [[London–Surrey Cycle Classic]], the official test event for the [[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race|road race]] at the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] and part of the [[London Prepares series]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Ollie |date=14 August 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish wins 2012 Summer Olympics road race test event |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14521435.stm}}</ref> Less than a week later, Cavendish started the [[2011 Vuelta a España|Vuelta a España]], but abandoned it during stage four due to the searing heat.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wynn |first=Nigel |date=23 August 2011 |title=Cavendish abandons Vuelta a España |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/529831/cavendish-abandons-vuelta-a-espana.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902183813/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/529831/cavendish-abandons-vuelta-a-espana.html |archive-date=2 September 2012}}</ref> After withdrawing from the Vuelta a España, Cavendish was allowed to be a late addition to the line up of the [[2011 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bull |first=Nick |date=5 September 2011 |title=Cavendish confirmed for the Tour of Britain |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/529973/cavendish-confirmed-for-the-tour-of-britain.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902184202/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/529973/cavendish-confirmed-for-the-tour-of-britain.html |archive-date=2 September 2012}}</ref> Cavendish won stage one in Dumfries to take the leader's jersey,<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2011 |title=Britain's Mark Cavendish wins stage one for HTC Highroad |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/14871366.stm}}</ref> and the final stage in London.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wynn |first=Nigel |date=18 September 2011 |title=Boom wins Tour of Britain overall as Cavendish takes final stage |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/530168/boom-wins-tour-of-britain-overall-as-cavendish-takes-final-stage.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926104105/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/530168/boom-wins-tour-of-britain-overall-as-cavendish-takes-final-stage.html |archive-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Mark Cavendish 2011.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A man on a podium holding a medal around his neck | Cavendish on the podium after his victory in the [[2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|road race]] at the [[2011 UCI Road World Championships]]]]
At the end of September, Cavendish went to the [[2011 UCI Road World Championships|UCI Road World Championships]] in Copenhagen as part of an eight-rider British team for the [[2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|road race]]. After the team controlled the whole race it came down to a sprint finish with Cavendish crossing the line in first place taking the [[rainbow jersey]], to become the second British male UCI world champion after [[Tom Simpson]] in [[1965 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|1965]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Ollie |date=25 September 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish and Britain win road race title |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/15052681.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015001526/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/15052681.stm |archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gladstone |first=Hugh |date=25 September 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish wins World Road Race Championship |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/530257/mark-cavendish-wins-world-road-race-championship.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001113252/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/530257/mark-cavendish-wins-world-road-race-championship.html |archive-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> In November, Cavendish returned to the track, competing in the [[Revolution (cycling series)|Revolution]] event at [[Manchester Velodrome]]. He won the scratch race, his first track win since 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 November 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish wins scratch race on track return |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/15810856.stm}}</ref> He announced he was starting his training for the 2012 season earlier than in previous years, with the aim of being more competitive in the Classics.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=William |author-link=William Fotheringham |date=20 November 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish saddles up for a year when second will be failure |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/20/mark-cavendish-london-olympics-2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215213421/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/20/mark-cavendish-london-olympics-2012 |archive-date=15 December 2013}}</ref> In November, he won the 2011 Most Inspirational Sportsman of the Year Award at the Jaguar Academy of Sport Annual Awards.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2011 |title=Cavendish in Green named Most Inspirational Sportsman of the Year |work=Jaguar Academy of Sport |url=http://www.jaguaracademyofsport.co.uk/news-and-events/news/2011/11/cavendish-in-green-named-most-inspirational-sportsman-of-the-year.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201014335/http://www.jaguaracademyofsport.co.uk/news-and-events/news/2011/11/cavendish-in-green-named-most-inspirational-sportsman-of-the-year.aspx |archive-date=1 December 2011}}</ref> In December, Cavendish won the [[2011 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award|BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award]] with approximately half of the votes cast, ahead of [[Mo Farah]] and [[Darren Clarke]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 December 2011 |title=Sports Personality of the Year 2011: Mark Cavendish wins BBC award |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/sports_personality/16303729.stm}}</ref>

===Team Sky (2012)===
Amid much speculation, it was announced in October 2011 that Cavendish would join {{UCI team code|SKY|2012|nolink=yes}} for the 2012 season along with HTC–Highroad teammate [[Bernhard Eisel]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2011 |title=Mark Cavendish announces Team Sky move |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cycling/15259826.stm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2011 |title=Team Sky sign Eisel |work=[[Sky Sports]] |publisher=[[BSkyB]] |url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,15264_7235761,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019170453/http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,15264_7235761,00.html |archive-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> Cavendish began his 2012 season at the [[2012 Tour of Qatar|Tour of Qatar]]. After recovering from illness, he won stage three—his first victory for Team Sky.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish claims first Team Sky win at Tour of Qatar |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/16927245 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207150045/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/16927245 |archive-date=7 February 2012}}</ref> He won stage five later in the week, moving back into the top ten of the overall classification.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 February 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish wins fifth stage of the Tour of Qatar for Team Sky |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/16968263 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209201526/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/16968263 |archive-date=9 February 2012}}</ref> He finished the race in sixth place, despite crashing on the final stage.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish crashes as Tom Boonen wins Tour of Qatar |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/16984125 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213025729/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/16984125 |archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> Although he did not win any stages at the [[2012 Tour of Oman|Tour of Oman]], having suffered an injury in the first stage, he returned to win [[2012 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne|Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Turner |first=Jonathan |date=26 February 2012 |title=Cav the hero in Kuurne |work={{UCI team code|SKY|2012}} |publisher=[[BSkyB]] |url=http://www.teamsky.com/article/1,27290,24748_7549502,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409202242/http://www.teamsky.com/article/1,27290,24748_7549502,00.html |archive-date=9 April 2012}}</ref> Cavendish targeted a second victory in [[2012 Milan–San Remo|Milan–San Remo]] in March, but was dropped on ''Le Manie'', {{convert|100|km|abbr=off}} from the finish.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGrath |first=Andy |date=18 March 2012 |title=Cavendish's dire day at Milan–San Remo |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532152/cavendish-s-dire-day-at-milan-san-remo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321210115/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532152/cavendish-s-dire-day-at-milan-san-remo.html |archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref> He did not manage to finish high up in the remaining Classics. In the [[2012 Tour de Romandie|Tour de Romandie]], he showed his ability in short time trials by finishing third in the prologue but did not take any stage wins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=66th Tour de Romandie (WT) |url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-romandie/2012/prologue |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622174603/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-romandie/2012/prologue |archive-date=22 June 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=procyclingstats.com}}</ref>

A week later, Cavendish took his fifth win of the season by winning the sprint on stage two of the [[2012 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]]. The following day, he was again in contention for victory on stage three, but in the sprint, {{UCI team code|AND|2012}}'s [[Roberto Ferrari (cyclist)|Roberto Ferrari]] aggressively switched lanes, clipping Cavendish and sending him to the ground, causing other riders to fall including overall leader [[Taylor Phinney]] ({{UCI team code|BMC|2012}}). Cavendish later tweeted that Ferrari should be "ashamed to take out Pink, [[Points classification in the Giro d'Italia|Red]] & World Champ jerseys".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Gregor |date=7 May 2012 |title=Ferrari should be ashamed of Giro sprint, says Cavendish |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532703/ferrari-should-be-ashamed-of-giro-sprint-says-cavendish.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510045505/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532703/ferrari-should-be-ashamed-of-giro-sprint-says-cavendish.html |archive-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> He recovered from minor injuries to win stages five and thirteen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish wins stage five in sprint finish |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18025538 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513020511/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18025538 |archive-date=13 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McGrath |first=Andy |date=18 May 2012 |title=Cavendish makes it three at the Giro |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532844/cavendish-makes-it-three-at-the-giro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072712/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532844/cavendish-makes-it-three-at-the-giro.html |archive-date=25 May 2012}}</ref> Cavendish completed the Giro d'Italia, but lost the points classification to {{UCI team code|KAT|2012}}'s [[Joaquim Rodríguez]] by a single point. He did win the minor [[Points classification in the Giro d'Italia#Azzurri d'Italia classification|Azzurri d'Italia]] and stage combativeness classifications.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Gregor |title=Giro jury disqualifies sprinters for holding onto team cars |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532941/giro-jury-disqualifies-sprinters-for-holding-onto-team-cars.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531021443/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/532941/giro-jury-disqualifies-sprinters-for-holding-onto-team-cars.html |archive-date=31 May 2012}}</ref> In mid-June, Cavendish competed in the [[2012 Ster ZLM Toer|Ster ZLM Toer]] and despite failing to win any of the four mostly flat stages, Cavendish's consistency ensured that he won the overall general classification—the first of his professional career—by eight seconds.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cavendish wins Ster ZLM Toer overall |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/ster-zlm-toer-gp-jan-van-heeswijk-2012/stage-4/results |url-status=live |access-date=17 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619055253/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/ster-zlm-toer-gp-jan-van-heeswijk-2012/stage-4/results |archive-date=19 June 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Mark Cavendish 20e étape du Tour de France 2012 Paris Rambouillet et Paris les Champs-Élysées.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Four cyclists are pictured crossing a finish line. The rider in front has his arm raised in victory. | Cavendish won the final stage of the [[2012 Tour de France]] on the [[Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France|Champs-Élysées]], for a record fourth successive year.]]
In July, Cavendish won stage two of the [[2012 Tour de France|Tour de France]], his twenty-first tour stage win.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 July 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish powers to 21st Tour stage win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18676161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703102140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18676161 |archive-date=3 July 2012}}</ref> Cavendish was in contention for another stage victory on stage four, but was taken out in a large crash in the final {{convert|3|km|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2012 |title=Tour de France 2012: Mark Cavendish crashes in stage four – video highlights |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/video/2012/jul/04/tour-de-france-mark-cavendish-video |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904164739/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/video/2012/jul/04/tour-de-france-mark-cavendish-video |archive-date=4 September 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> He then took on a supporting role as Team Sky attempted to win the overall race with Wiggins. He was seen carrying bottles for teammates and setting the pace on a [[Pyrenees|Pyrenean]] climb.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Williams (journalist)|date=17 July 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish puts yellow jersey before green glory |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/17/tour-de-france-mark-cavendish |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017005453/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/17/tour-de-france-mark-cavendish |archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> The team repaid Cavendish for his hard work by helping chase down a breakaway on stage eighteen, although Cavendish alone had to chase down {{UCI team code|RAB|2012}} rider [[Luis León Sánchez]] and [[Nicolas Roche]] of {{UCI team code|ALM|2012}} in the last {{convert|200|m|yd}} to take his 22nd Tour stage win, equalling [[André Darrigade]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish storms to 22nd stage win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18928411 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720164832/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18928411 |archive-date=20 July 2012}}</ref> Cavendish won the final stage of the Tour de France on the Champs-Élysées for a record fourth successive year—the most successful sprinter in Tour history with twenty-three stage wins.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 July 2012 |title=Bradley Wiggins wins Tour de France title |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18946960 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723001518/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18946960 |archive-date=23 July 2012}}</ref> He also became the first person to win on the Champs-Élysées in the rainbow jersey. During the Tour, French newspaper ''[[L'Équipe]]'' named Cavendish the Tour de France's best sprinter of all time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Brendan |date=22 July 2012 |title=Tour de France 2012: Mark Cavendish sets stage perfectly for Olympic road race glory |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/9419257/Tour-de-France-2012-Mark-Cavendish-sets-stage-perfectly-for-Olympic-road-race-glory.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723012747/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/9419257/Tour-de-France-2012-Mark-Cavendish-sets-stage-perfectly-for-Olympic-road-race-glory.html |archive-date=23 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair |author-link=Alasdair Fotheringham |date=23 July 2012 |title=Tour de France: Mark Cavendish enters history as best-ever Tour sprinter |work=[[The Independent]] |publisher=Independent Print |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/tour-de-france-mark-cavendish-enters-history-as-bestever-tour-sprinter-7965090.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725183033/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/tour-de-france-mark-cavendish-enters-history-as-bestever-tour-sprinter-7965090.html |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref>

Cavendish's main target for the season was [[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race|the road race at the Olympics]], which was held six days after the final stage of the Tour de France. A strong British squad of Wiggins, [[Chris Froome]], [[Ian Stannard]] and Millar was assembled around Cavendish. The team aimed to control the race and allow him to take a sprint victory on [[The Mall, London|The Mall]]. The team were forced to set the pace for the majority of the race, with few nations offering any support, and on the final climb of the [[Box Hill, Surrey|Box Hill]] circuit, a large breakaway group of over thirty riders formed. Despite the best efforts of Stannard, Wiggins, Millar, Froome and Eisel, the breakaway could not be brought back leaving Cavendish to finish twenty-ninth, forty seconds behind the winner, [[Alexander Vinokourov]] of Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2012 |title=Mark Cavendish's Olympic bid fails as Alexandre Vinokourov wins gold |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18909585 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728171644/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18909585 |archive-date=28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glendenning |first=Barry |date=28 July 2012 |title=Olympics road race: men's cycling – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/jul/28/olympic-road-race-mens-cycling-live |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320061907/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/jul/28/olympic-road-race-mens-cycling-live |archive-date=20 March 2014 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Daniel |date=28 July 2012 |title=Vinokourov wins Olympic gold medal |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/2012-olympic-games/olympic-mens-road-race/results/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816091251/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/2012-olympic-games/olympic-mens-road-race/results/ |archive-date=16 August 2019 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> He then won three stages of the [[2012 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]], winning in Dumfries, Blackpool and Guildford.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 September 2012 |title=Jonathan Tiernan-Locke wins race |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/19615568 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919172812/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/19615568 |archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref>

===Omega Pharma–Quick-Step (2013–2015)===
In October 2012, he signed a three-year contract with Belgian team Omega Pharma–Quick-Step from the 2013 season.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2012 |title=Team Sky rider Mark Cavendish to join Omega Pharma–Quick-Step |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/19995341 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018160159/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/19995341 |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

====2013====
[[File:DSC04906 DxO (8887582165).jpg|thumb|alt=A cyclist riding wearing a red jersey | Cavendish won the red jersey at the [[2013 Giro d'Italia]], becoming one of only five riders to win the [[points classification]] in all three [[Grand Tour (cycling)|Grand Tours]].]]
He started the 2013 season by winning the opening stage of the [[2013 Tour de San Luis|Tour de San Luis]] in Argentina on his début for {{UCI team code|OPQ|2013|nolink=no}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Benson |first=Daniel |date=21 January 2013 |title=Cavendish wins opening stage at Tour de San Luis |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/tour-de-san-luis/stage-1/results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124220218/http://www.cyclingnews.com/tour-de-san-luis/stage-1/results |archive-date=24 January 2013}}</ref> He then went on to win the [[2013 Tour of Qatar|Tour of Qatar]], with four consecutive stage victories out of six.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=Barry |date=8 February 2013 |title=Tour of Qatar: Cavendish wins final stage and overall |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-of-qatar-2013/stage-6/results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211095334/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-of-qatar-2013/stage-6/results |archive-date=11 February 2013}}</ref> In March, he won the second stage of the [[2013 Three Days of De Panne|Three Days of De Panne]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Scott-Elliot |first=Robin |date=28 March 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish takes stage in Three Days of De Panne |work=[[The Independent]] |publisher=Independent Print |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/cycling-mark-cavendish-takes-stage-in-three-days-of-de-panne-8552501.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005116/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/cycling-mark-cavendish-takes-stage-in-three-days-of-de-panne-8552501.html |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> In April he finished in second place to defending champion [[Marcel Kittel]] of {{UCI team code|SKS|2013}} at the [[Scheldeprijs]]; he faded in the final kilometre, but recovered to launch his sprint from around twenty riders back with {{convert|200|m|yd}} remaining.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Decaluwé |first=Brecht |date=3 April 2013 |title=Kittel sprints to win Scheldeprijs |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/scheldeprijs-2013/results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405105603/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/scheldeprijs-2013/results |archive-date=5 April 2013}}</ref> In May, Cavendish won the opening stage of the [[2013 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]], taking the pink jersey for the third time in his career.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wynn |first=Nigel |date=6 May 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish wins Giro d'Italia opener in Naples |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/538230/mark-cavendish-wins-giro-d-italia-opener-in-naples.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506032039/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/538230/mark-cavendish-wins-giro-d-italia-opener-in-naples.html |archive-date=6 May 2013}}</ref> He went on to win stage six from a [[Glossary of cycling#bunch sprint|bunch sprint]] after a pan-flat stage. This victory moved him above [[Philippa York|Robert Millar]] to the top of ''Cycling Weekly''{{'}}s all-time ranking of British professional riders.<ref name="best-ever">{{Cite news |last1=Wynn |first1=Nigel |last2=Birnie |first2=Lionel|date=9 May 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish is Britain's best ever cyclist |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/538301/mark-cavendish-is-britain-s-best-ever-cyclist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607154718/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/538301/mark-cavendish-is-britain-s-best-ever-cyclist.html |archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref> He also won stage twelve, claiming his 100th professional victory and reclaiming the lead in the points classification.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish wins Giro d'Italia stage but Wiggins struggles |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/22558770 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613111801/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/22558770 |archive-date=13 June 2013}}</ref> The next day, he timed his finish perfectly to win stage thirteen, his fourth victory of the 2013 race.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2013 |title=Giro d'Italia 2013: stage 13 – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/may/17/giro-d-italia-2013-stage-13-live |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004155557/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/may/17/giro-d-italia-2013-stage-13-live |archive-date=4 October 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> His fifth victory of the Giro came on the final stage, wrapping up the points classification which he had led for much of the race. By doing so, Cavendish became only the fifth rider to win the points classification in all three Grand Tours.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Andrew|last=Hood |date=26 May 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish caps stellar 2013 Giro d'Italia with 5th stage win, points jersey |work=[[VeloNews]] |publisher=Competitor Group, Inc |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/05/news/mark-cavendish-caps-stellar-2013-giro-ditalia-with-5th-stage-win-points-jersey_288704 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607160321/http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/05/news/mark-cavendish-caps-stellar-2013-giro-ditalia-with-5th-stage-win-points-jersey_288704 |archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref>

In June, Cavendish won the [[British National Road Race Championships]], held around a circuit in Glasgow city centre. He overtook David Millar on the home straight and held off a challenge by Ian Stannard, who recovered from a puncture in the penultimate lap to claim silver.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 June 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish wins first road race title in Glasgow |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/23024137 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625024447/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/23024137 |archive-date=25 June 2013}}</ref> In July, he won stage five of the [[2013 Tour de France|Tour de France]], giving him twenty-four career Tour stage wins. He was greeted on the line by André Darrigade, the previous record holder for most Tour stages won by a sprinter.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ingle |first=Sean|authorlink=Sean Ingle|date=4 July 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish claims Tour de France stage five victory in Marseille |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/03/mark-cavendish-wins-tour-de-france-stage |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104094940/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/03/mark-cavendish-wins-tour-de-france-stage |archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> In the eleventh stage, a {{convert|33|km|adj=on|abbr=off}} individual time trial, a spectator doused Cavendish with urine.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Matt|last=Slater |date=10 July 2013 |title=Tour de France: Mark Cavendish has urine thrown at him |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/23251598 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905191044/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/23251598 |archive-date=5 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=William|last=Fotheringham|authorlink=William Fotheringham|date=10 July 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish sprayed with urine during Tour de France time trial |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/10/mark-cavendish-sprayed-with-urine-tour-de-france |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104072709/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/10/mark-cavendish-sprayed-with-urine-tour-de-france |archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> On stage 13 from Tours to [[Saint-Amand-Montrond]], he rode with a 14-man breakaway with {{convert|30|km|abbr=off}} to go and out-sprinted [[Peter Sagan]] to win the stage—his 25th Tour de France stage win.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish sprints to 25th stage win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/23292173 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715201114/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/23292173 |archive-date=15 July 2013}}</ref> Later that month Cavendish decided to ride the [[2013 Danmark Rundt|Danmark Rundt]], winning the race's final stage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wynn |first=Nigel |date=4 August 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish wins final stage of Tour of Denmark |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/539803/mark-cavendish-wins-final-stage-of-tour-of-denmark.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806034350/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/539803/mark-cavendish-wins-final-stage-of-tour-of-denmark.html |archive-date=6 August 2013}}</ref> In September, he returned to the track for the first time since the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in [[Beijing]], competing in the [[International Belgian Open]] in [[Ghent]]. Finishing second in the scratch race and third in the madison with Owain Doull, Cavendish had not ruled out the prospect of competing in the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]] having earned enough points to qualify for the [[UCI Track Cycling World Cup|UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics]].<ref>Cav back on track: ''Cycling Weekly'' dated Thursday 12 September 2013</ref> Returning to the road, Cavendish won stage four of the [[2013 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]], outsprinting [[Elia Viviani]] in [[Llanberis]]. He repeated the win three days later, again out-sprinting Viviani to take stage seven in [[Guildford]]. He also won the final stage in London the next day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2013 |title=Tour of Britain: Bradley Wiggins seals title as Cavendish wins stage |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/24195142 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831105049/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/24195142 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>

====2014–2015====
[[File:MarkCavendishTUR2014 01.JPG|thumb|alt=Photograph of Mark Cavendish with his arms raised over his head in victory | Cavendish at the [[2014 Tour of Turkey]].]]
Despite stage wins at the start of the 2014 season at the [[2014 Volta ao Algarve|Volta ao Algarve]] and [[2014 Tirreno–Adriatico|Tirreno–Adriatico]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/volta-ao-algarve-2014/stage-5/results/|title=First win of 2014 for Cavendish in Volta ao Algarve|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=23 February 2014|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Guardian TA">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/mar/17/mark-cavendish-win-penultimate-tirreno-adriatico|title=Mark Cavendish avoids crash to win penultimate stage of Tirreno-Adriatico|work=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=17 March 2014|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> Cavendish decided not to compete in the [[2014 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/27080308|title=Mark Cavendish to miss Giro d'Italia en route to Tour de France|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=18 April 2014|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> His best [[Classic cycle races|Classics]] result was a fifth place in [[2014 Milan–San Remo|Milan–San Remo]], having been a favourite for the race.<ref name="Guardian TA"/> He won four stages and the [[points classification]] at the [[2014 Tour of Turkey|Tour of Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TUR 2014 – Sonuçlar |url=http://www.tourofturkey.org/2014/TR/sonuclar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428155645/http://www.tourofturkey.org/2014/TR/sonuclar |archive-date=28 April 2014 |website=tourofturkey.org}}</ref> In the first stage of the [[2014 Tour de France|Tour de France]], which started in [[Yorkshire]], England, from [[Leeds]] to [[Harrogate]], Cavendish crashed out during a collision he caused in the final few seconds of the sprint finish. He suffered a [[separated shoulder|separated right shoulder]] and did not start the next stage.<ref name="WTF?">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2014 |title=Cavendish suffers separated shoulder, will apologise to Gerrans for causing crash |url=http://cyclingtips.com.au/2014/07/cavendish-suffers-dislocated-shoulder-will-apologise-to-gerrans-for-causing-crash/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708004611/http://cyclingtips.com.au/2014/07/cavendish-suffers-dislocated-shoulder-will-apologise-to-gerrans-for-causing-crash/ |archive-date=8 July 2014 |publisher=Cyclingtips.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2014 |title=Mark Cavendish out of the Tour de France |work=Cycling News |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-out-of-the-tour-de-france |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711214954/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-out-of-the-tour-de-france |archive-date=11 July 2014}}</ref> He came back to competition at the [[Tour de l'Ain]], where he was winless.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2014 |title=Mark Cavendish is to make his return from injury by riding in the Tour de l'Ain next week. |work=Pulse.ng |publisher=2014 Pulse.ng |url=http://pulse.ng/incoming/mark-cavendish-to-make-comeback-from-shoulder-injury-at-tour-de-lain-id3036495.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905235459/http://pulse.ng/incoming/mark-cavendish-to-make-comeback-from-shoulder-injury-at-tour-de-lain-id3036495.html |archive-date=5 September 2014}}</ref> He then showed some form at the [[Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine|Tour du Poitou-Charentes]], winning the first two stages.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2014 |title=Mark Cavendish wins again in Tour de Poitou-Charentes stage two |work=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=2014 Guardian News and Media Limited |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/aug/27/mark-cavendish-wins-tour-de-poitou-charente-stage-two |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905235232/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/aug/27/mark-cavendish-wins-tour-de-poitou-charente-stage-two |archive-date=5 September 2014}}</ref> Cavendish competed in the [[2014 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]] in September, coming third in the first stage in [[Liverpool]] and second in the final stage in London. Overall, his 2014 season proved to be one of his least successful,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cary |first=Tom |date=4 February 2015 |title=Mark Cavendish wins stage one of Tour of Dubai, and is 'super happy' with his form |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/11390517/Mark-Cavendish-wins-stage-one-of-Tour-of-Dubai-and-is-super-happy-with-his-form.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218142254/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/11390517/Mark-Cavendish-wins-stage-one-of-Tour-of-Dubai-and-is-super-happy-with-his-form.html |archive-date=18 February 2015}}</ref> winning eleven races but gaining no Grand Tour stage wins.<ref name="NFY">{{Cite web |last=Windsor |first=Richard |date=12 February 2015 |title=Mark Cavendish: not finished yet |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-not-finished-yet-157313 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214080318/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-not-finished-yet-157313 |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=18 February 2015 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> Cavendish ended 2014 competing on the track, taking second place at the [[Six Days of Ghent]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gent, Six Days 2014 |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=243517#ucira |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130747/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=243517#ucira |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=2 March 2015 |publisher=Cycling Archives}}</ref> and winning the Six Days of Zurich,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zürich, Six Days 2014 |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=246029#ucira |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104120/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=246029#ucira |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=2 March 2015 |publisher=Cycling Archives}}</ref> both with [[Iljo Keisse]]. He later ruled out an attempt to enter the track cycling competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics due to his road commitments.<ref name="NFY" />

In contrast to 2014, he had a successful start to the 2015 season. He won five races by mid-February, including two stages, the points classification and the general classification at the [[2015 Dubai Tour|Dubai Tour]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mark Cavendish: Final-stage win secures Tour of Dubai victory |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/31197483 |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209214125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/31197483 |archive-date=9 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Mark Cavendish: Almeria Classic victory is fifth win of 2015 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/31486386 |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217074355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/31486386 |archive-date=17 February 2015}}</ref> In March, Cavendish won [[2015 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne|Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne]], for the second time in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2015 |title=Cavendish sprints to Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne win |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/kuurne-bruxelles-kuurne-2015/results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303082922/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/kuurne-bruxelles-kuurne-2015/results |archive-date=3 March 2015 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> He then participated in [[2015 Tirreno–Adriatico|Tirreno–Adriatico]], where he was involved in a large crash on stage two due to Elia Viviani clipping his back wheel and causing his chain to drop.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Stuart|last=Clarke |date=12 March 2015 |title=Debusschere wins Tirreno–Adriatico stage two as Cavendish caught up in crash |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/debusschere-wins-tirreno-adriatico-stage-two-as-cavendish-caught-up-in-crash-161997 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313043434/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/debusschere-wins-tirreno-adriatico-stage-two-as-cavendish-caught-up-in-crash-161997 |archive-date=13 March 2015}}</ref> Cavendish next raced at the [[2015 Tour of Turkey|Tour of Turkey]], where he won three stages and the points classification ahead of [[Daniele Ratto]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tour of Turkey: Mark Cavendish wins sprinter's jersey |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/32574327 |url-status=live |access-date=21 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529164448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/32574327 |archive-date=29 May 2015}}</ref> Cavendish then participated in the [[2015 Tour of California|Tour of California]], showing good form by winning four stages and the points classification ahead of overall winner Sagan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tour of California: Peter Sagan wins by three seconds overall |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/32776379 |url-status=live |access-date=21 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521011155/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/32776379 |archive-date=21 May 2015}}</ref> His [[2015 Tour de Suisse|Tour de Suisse]] was unsuccessful; the best place he managed was sixth on stage six.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 June 2015 |title=Sagan wins a second Suisse stage, Pinot keeps yellow jersey |work=[[VeloNews]] |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/06/race-report/sagan-wins-a-second-suisse-stage-pinot-keeps-yellow-jersey_374395 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618214701/http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/06/race-report/sagan-wins-a-second-suisse-stage-pinot-keeps-yellow-jersey_374395 |archive-date=18 June 2015}}</ref> At the [[2015 Tour de France|Tour de France]], Cavendish won stage seven by taking [[André Greipel]]'s wheel before passing him in a sprint finish in [[Fougères]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Glendenning |first=Barry |date=10 July 2015 |title=Mark Cavendish sprints to victory on stage seven of the Tour de France |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jul/10/mark-cavendish-tour-de-france-stage-seven-win-cycling |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826005021/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jul/10/mark-cavendish-tour-de-france-stage-seven-win-cycling |archive-date=26 August 2016}}</ref> his first stage win at the race since 2013 and twenty-sixth overall.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair|authorlink=Alasdair Fotheringham|date=10 July 2015 |title=Tour de France 2015: Mark Cavendish's stunning sprint stops the rot as Chris Froome reclaims yellow |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cycling/tour-de-france-2015-mark-cavendishs-stunning-sprint-stops-the-rot-as-chris-froome-reclaims-yellow-10382107.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922100824/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cycling/tour-de-france-2015-mark-cavendishs-stunning-sprint-stops-the-rot-as-chris-froome-reclaims-yellow-10382107.html |archive-date=22 September 2019 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Cavendish returned to the track in August, winning the madison with Bradley Wiggins in the first round of the Revolution cycling series at the newly opened [[Derby Arena]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2015 |title=Sir Bradley Wiggins & Mark Cavendish win madison for GB |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/33953676 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617164051/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/33953676 |archive-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> It was the first time the pair had contested the madison together since the 2008 Olympics.

===Team Dimension Data (2016–2019)===
In September 2015, it was announced that Cavendish had signed for {{UCI team code|MTN|2015}} – to be renamed as {{UCI team code|MTN|2016|nolink=y}} – for the 2016 season, along with his Etixx–Quick-Step teammate Renshaw and Eisel, his former teammate from HTC–Highroad and Sky. The team principal, [[Douglas Ryder]], described the move as "a big step forward for the team."<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Shea |first=Sadhbh |date=29 September 2015 |title=Mark Cavendish joins Team Dimension Data for 2016 |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-joins-team-dimenson-data-for-2016/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120233546/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-joins-team-dimenson-data-for-2016/ |archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>

====2016====
In February, Cavendish rode the [[2016 Tour of Qatar|Tour of Qatar]], taking the opening stage and the general classification for the second time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2016 |title=Mark Cavendish wins opening stage in Tour of Qatar |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/35525047\ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313211842/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/35525047 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2016 |title=Mark Cavendish wins Tour of Qatar for the second time |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/35563027 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317230241/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/35563027 |archive-date=17 March 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Cavendish wanted to win a medal at the Olympics in the [[Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's omnium|omnium]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fotheringham |first=William|authorlink=William Fotheringham|date=22 June 2016 |title=Mark Cavendish set to be confirmed for controversial Rio Olympics rides |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/22/mark-cavendish-rio-olympics-2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818024417/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/22/mark-cavendish-rio-olympics-2016 |archive-date=18 August 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In preparation he competed at the [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|UCI Track Cycling World Championships]]; he placed sixth in the [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's omnium|omnium]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurcom |first=Sophie |date=5 March 2016 |title=Cavendish not 'disheartened' by sixth in the omnium at Track Worlds |url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-sixth-in-world-championships-omnium-215160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205120503/http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-sixth-in-world-championships-omnium-215160 |archive-date=5 December 2017 |access-date=19 January 2020 |website=cyclingweekly.com}}</ref> and won the [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison|madison]] with Bradley Wiggins.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Aimee |date=6 March 2016 |title=Sir Bradley Wiggins, Mark Cavendish and Laura Trott win world titles |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/35740567 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716104936/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/35740567 |archive-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> In April he rode the [[2016 Tour of Croatia|Tour of Croatia]], winning stage two.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 April 2016 |title=Mark Cavendish takes Tour of Croatia lead by winning stage two |work=[[Sky Sports]] |publisher=[[Sky plc]] |url=http://www.skysports.com/cycling/news/15264/10251219/mark-cavendish-wins-tour-of-croatia-stage-two |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625095924/http://www.skysports.com/cycling/news/15264/10251219/mark-cavendish-wins-tour-of-croatia-stage-two |archive-date=25 June 2016}}</ref> On 2 July, he won the opening stage of the [[2016 Tour de France|Tour de France]] in a sprint finish at [[Utah Beach]], taking his twenty-seventh stage win, and donning the [[General classification in the Tour de France|yellow jersey]] for the first time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 July 2016 |title=Tour de France: Mark Cavendish in yellow jersey after stage one victory |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/36693065 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705070151/http://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/36693065 |archive-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> He lost the jersey the following day when Sagan won stage two.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tour de France: Peter Sagan wins stage two to take yellow jersey |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/36698950 |url-status=live |access-date=4 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707030656/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/36698950 |archive-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> Cavendish won stage 3 in a [[photo finish]] with André Greipel in [[Angers]], equalling [[Bernard Hinault]]'s tally of 28 stage wins and put him in the lead of points classification.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 July 2016 |title=Tour de France 2016 day three: Mark Cavendish wins stage |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/video/2016/jul/04/tour-de-france-2016-stage-three-mark-cavendish-wins-stage-video-highlights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708163908/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/video/2016/jul/04/tour-de-france-2016-stage-three-mark-cavendish-wins-stage-video-highlights |archive-date=8 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Tour de France: Mark Cavendish claims 28th stage win in photo finish |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/36706699 |url-status=live |access-date=5 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705000453/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/36706699 |archive-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> He won stage six in a bunch sprint at [[Montauban]], ahead of Marcel Kittel and [[Daniel McLay]], to increase his lead.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fotheringham |first=William |author-link=William Fotheringham |date=7 July 2016 |title=Mark Cavendish 'looking to win more' with Tour de France record in sight |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jul/07/mark-cavendish-tour-de-france-stage-win-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708114924/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jul/07/mark-cavendish-tour-de-france-stage-win-record |archive-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> Cavendish lost the green jersey on the tenth stage, when Sagan was part of a breakaway that led the race until the end – while also finishing second to [[Michael Matthews (cyclist)|Michael Matthews]] at the finish line in [[Revel, Isère|Revel]] and won the stage's intermediate sprint.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Windsor |first=Richard |date=12 July 2016 |title=Michael Matthews beats Peter Sagan to Tour de France stage 10 win |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/racing/tour-de-france/michael-matthews-beats-peter-sagan-to-tour-de-france-stage-10-win-259185 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719154316/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/racing/tour-de-france/michael-matthews-beats-peter-sagan-to-tour-de-france-stage-10-win-259185 |archive-date=19 July 2016 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> Cavendish went on to take his fourth stage of the race, and his thirtieth Tour de France stage victory on stage fourteen, passing [[Alexander Kristoff]] and Sagan at the finish at [[Parc des Oiseaux]] in [[Villars-les-Dombes]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Daniel |date=16 July 2016 |title=Tour de France: Cavendish wins stage 14 in Villars-les-Dombes |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/tour-de-france/stage-14/results/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719153550/http://www.cyclingnews.com/tour-de-france/stage-14/results/ |archive-date=19 July 2016 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> He quit the race on the second rest day before the mountainous stages citing his need to prepare for the Olympics.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Shea |first=Sadhbh |date=19 July 2016 |title=Mark Cavendish leaves Tour de France to focus on Olympic Games |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-leaves-tour-de-france-to-focus-on-olympic-games/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723082053/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-leaves-tour-de-france-to-focus-on-olympic-games/ |archive-date=23 July 2016}}</ref>

[[File:SDlondon27 (30585398921).jpg|thumb|Cavendish at the [[2016 Six Days of London]]]]
Having competed in two previous Olympics, Cavendish finally won his first medal, finishing second in the men's [[omnium]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2016 |title=Rio Olympics 2016: Mark Cavendish wins silver medal in men's omnium |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/37087768 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123121729/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/37087768 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Returning to the roads, Cavendish was seen to be one of the favourites for the [[2016 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|road race]] at the [[2016 UCI Road World Championships|UCI Road World Championships]] in Qatar,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/the-heat-is-on-for-road-racer-cavendish-10617807|title=The heat is on for road racer Cavendish|work=[[Sky News]]|publisher=[[Sky UK]]|date=15 October 2016|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> but was out-sprinted for the victory by Sagan and finished with the silver medal, a result that left him "disappointed".<ref>{{cite news|first=William|last=Fotheringham|authorlink=William Fotheringham|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/oct/16/peter-sagan-cycling-world-championships-2016-mens-road-race-mark-cavendish|title=Peter Sagan beats Mark Cavendish to the line to win road race world title|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=16 October 2016|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> He concluded his road season with two stage wins and the points classification at the [[2016 Abu Dhabi Tour|Abu Dhabi Tour]],<ref>{{cite news|first=Stephen|last=Puddicombe|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/mark-cavendish-sprints-to-final-stage-win-at-the-abu-dhabi-tour-291360|title=Mark Cavendish sprints to final stage win at the Abu Dhabi Tour|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[TI Media|Time Inc. UK]]|date=23 October 2016|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> after which he returned to track racing, teaming up with Bradley Wiggins to race the [[2016 Six Days of London|Six Days of London]]. The pair narrowly lost to [[Kenny De Ketele]] and [[Moreno De Pauw]] in the final moments of the sixth day, finishing in second position overall.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elton-Walters |first=Jack |date=30 October 2016 |title=London Six Day: Defending champions snatch last gasp victory from Cavendish and Wiggins |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/london-six-day-defending-champions-snatch-last-gasp-victory-cavendish-wiggins-297418 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916133408/http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/london-six-day-defending-champions-snatch-last-gasp-victory-cavendish-wiggins-297418 |archive-date=16 September 2017 |website=cyclingweekly.com}}</ref> The pair went on to race at the Six Days of Ghent, this time beating De Ketele and De Pauw to take the overall victory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=Gent Six Day: Wiggins and Cavendish claim overall in thrilling Madison finale |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/lotto-zesdaagse-vlaanderen-gent-2016/day-6/results/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623015503/http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/lotto-zesdaagse-vlaanderen-gent-2016/day-6/results/ |archive-date=23 June 2019 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref>

====2017====
After not winning any stages in his opening race, the [[2017 Dubai Tour|Dubai Tour]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Charles |first=Andy |title=Mark Cavendish happy with form despite not managing Dubai Tour stage win |url=http://www.skysports.com/cycling/news/21684/10757259/mark-cavendish-happy-with-form-despite-not-managing-dubai-tour-stage-win |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223212144/http://www.skysports.com/cycling/news/21684/10757259/mark-cavendish-happy-with-form-despite-not-managing-dubai-tour-stage-win |archive-date=23 February 2017 |access-date=23 February 2017 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> he won the opening stage of the third event of the [[2017 UCI World Tour|UCI World Tour]], the [[2017 Abu Dhabi Tour|Abu Dhabi Tour]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark Cavendish remporte la première étape du Tour d'Abu Dhabi au sprint|trans-title=Mark Cavendish wins the first stage of the Abu Dhabi Tour in a sprint|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Cyclisme-sur-route/Actualites/Mark-cavendish-remporte-la-premiere-etape-du-tour-d-abu-dhabi-au-sprint/780525 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223203158/http://www.lequipe.fr/Cyclisme-sur-route/Actualites/Mark-cavendish-remporte-la-premiere-etape-du-tour-d-abu-dhabi-au-sprint/780525 |archive-date=23 February 2017 |access-date=23 February 2017 |website=[[L'Équipe]] |language=fr}}</ref> In April, he was diagnosed with [[Epstein–Barr virus]], preventing him from racing until mid-June.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 April 2017 |title=Mark Cavendish Diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/apr/12/mark-cavendish-diagnosed-epstein-barr-virus-cycling |url-status=live |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701004644/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/apr/12/mark-cavendish-diagnosed-epstein-barr-virus-cycling |archive-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> In a 2021 interview, Cavendish stated that his health was compromised by being told by doctors that he was fit to train again when Epstein–Barr was still in his system, leading to him reducing his intake of food to make his racing weight and eventually to a deterioration in his mental health and [[Major depressive disorder|clinical depression]].<ref name="liew">{{Cite web |last=Liew |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Liew |date=21 November 2021 |title=Mark Cavendish: 'I knew I could be top again' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/nov/21/mark-cavendish-i-knew-i-could-be-top-again |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

Cavendish was back to form by the [[2017 Tour de France|Tour de France]], where he was involved in an incident with reigning World Champion Peter Sagan during the finish of stage four which resulted in Cavendish crashing into the barriers. He suffered a fractured shoulder blade, after landing on his right shoulder which he had dislocated three years earlier and withdrew from the race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fotheringham |first=William|authorlink=William Fotheringham|title=Mark Cavendish out of Tour and Peter Sagan disqualified after horror crash |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/04/mark-cavendish-crash-tour-de-france-stage-four |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704155102/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/04/mark-cavendish-crash-tour-de-france-stage-four |archive-date=4 July 2017 |access-date=6 July 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="BBC Sagan crash" /> Sagan was later disqualified as it appeared he had struck Cavendish with an elbow. In response, Cavendish said he was friendly with Sagan but he was not "a fan of him putting his elbow in".<ref name="BBC Sagan crash">{{Cite web |date=4 July 2017 |title=Tour de France 2017: Peter Sagan appeals against disqualification over Mark Cavendish crash |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/40498656 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104013026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/40498656 |archive-date=4 January 2019 |publisher=[[BBC Online|BBC]]}}</ref> Rob Hayles, a former professional cyclist, said Cavendish was already heading into the barriers before Sagan put his elbow out. He also claimed no contact occurred between the two cyclists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2017 |title=Sagan was unlucky. Cavendish was already heading to the barriers. |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p057s26q |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809043414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p057s26q |archive-date=9 August 2017 |publisher=[[BBC Online|BBC]]}}</ref> Others shared Hayles' opinion, stating it was more Cavendish's fault for attempting to squeeze through a small gap than Sagan's. Race officials said Sagan "endangered some of his colleagues seriously" in the sprint.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peter Sagan Falls Victim to the Black Box of European Sport Governance |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/briangoff/2017/07/06/peter-sagan-falls-victim-to-the-black-box-of-european-sport-governance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413162033/https://www.forbes.com/sites/briangoff/2017/07/06/peter-sagan-falls-victim-to-the-black-box-of-european-sport-governance/#314dbd70196b |archive-date=13 April 2019 |access-date=10 September 2019 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Robertshaw |first=Henry |date=10 September 2019 |title=Peter Sagan disqualified from Tour de France |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/peter-sagan-disqualified-tour-de-france-339582 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706174854/http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/peter-sagan-disqualified-tour-de-france-339582 |archive-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> After a low-key return to the roads at September's [[2017 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]], Cavendish rode in the [[Six Days of London]],<ref>{{Cite web |first=Nigel|last=Wynn |date=9 March 2017 |title=Mark Cavendish to ride 2017 Six Day London |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-ride-2017-six-day-london-318914 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630123326/http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/mark-cavendish-ride-2017-six-day-london-318914 |archive-date=30 June 2017 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> finishing second overall with [[Peter Kennaugh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2017 |title=Mark Cavendish and Peter Kennaugh team up for Six Day London event |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/41740201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221094631/http://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/41740201 |archive-date=21 February 2018 |access-date=21 February 2018 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2017 |title=Six Day London: Mark Cavendish and Peter Kennaugh win madison event |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/41775363 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221094725/http://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/41775363 |archive-date=21 February 2018 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref>

====2018====
[[File:Mark Cavendish (27894650467).jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of Mark Cavendish riding his bike | Cavendish in 2018]]
Cavendish began his 2018 season at the [[2018 Dubai Tour|Dubai Tour]], winning stage three. He then raced the [[2018 Tour of Oman|Tour of Oman]], placing second on the opening stage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2018 |title=Mark Cavendish continues busy February with Abu Dhabi Tour |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-continues-busy-february-with-abu-dhabi-tour/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221094208/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-continues-busy-february-with-abu-dhabi-tour/ |archive-date=21 February 2018 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> He then went on to start the [[2018 Abu Dhabi Tour|Abu Dhabi Tour]], only to crash in the neutralised zone of the first stage. He fell on the shoulder he fractured at the previous year's Tour de France and was forced to abandon the race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Barry |date=21 February 2018 |title=Cavendish crashes out of Abu Dhabi Tour |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-crashes-out-of-abu-dhabi-tour/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221094337/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-crashes-out-of-abu-dhabi-tour/ |archive-date=21 February 2018 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> He returned to action at [[2018 Tirreno–Adriatico|Tirreno–Adriatico]], but suffered another crash during the opening [[team time trial]]. He fractured a rib, and despite getting back on his bike missed the time cut, and was unable to continue in the race.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vyas |first=Hardik |date=8 March 2018 |title=Cavendish suffers fractured rib in crash at Tirreno–Adriatico |work=Reuters |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-cycling-britain-cavendish/cavendish-suffers-fractured-rib-in-crash-at-tirreno-adriatico-idUKKCN1GK280 |url-status=dead |access-date=14 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211349/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-cycling-britain-cavendish/cavendish-suffers-fractured-rib-in-crash-at-tirreno-adriatico-idUKKCN1GK280 |archive-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> Cavendish was fit to start [[2018 Milan–San Remo|Milan–San Remo]], but crashed heavily into a bollard in the final {{convert|10|km|abbr=off}} as the [[peloton]] approached the crucial [[Poggio di San Remo]] climb. He suffered another fractured rib, bruising and abrasions, as well as a possible ankle ligament injury.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2018 |title=Mark Cavendish fractures rib after heavy crash in Milan–San Remo |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/43444301 |url-status=live |access-date=14 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605024345/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/43444301 |archive-date=5 June 2018}}</ref> He rode the [[2018 Tour de France|Tour de France]], but finished outside of the time limit on stage 11 by more than 34 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Pretot |first1=Julien |last2=Davis |first2=Toby |date=18 July 2018 |title=Cycling: Cavendish Out of Tour de France After Failing to Make Time Cut |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/07/18/business/18reuters-cycling-france-cavendish.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720052157/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/07/18/business/18reuters-cycling-france-cavendish.html |archive-date=20 July 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Cavendish was due to start the road race at the [[2018 European Road Cycling Championships|European Road Championships]] in Glasgow, but pulled out on the advice of his medical team, due to a number of injuries earlier in the season. Cavendish said that it was "incredibly disappointing".<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2018 |title=European Championships: Mark Cavendish withdraws from GB road team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/45131247 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904173409/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/45131247 |archive-date=4 September 2019 |publisher=[[BBC Online|BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2018 |title=Mark Cavendish withdraws from the Glasgow 2018 European Championships Road Race on Sunday|url=https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/gbcyclingteam/article/20180809-gb-cyclingteam-news-Mark-Cavendish-withdraws-from-the-Glasgow-2018-European-Championships-Road-Race-on-Sunday-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904184032/https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/gbcyclingteam/article/20180809-gb-cyclingteam-news-Mark-Cavendish-withdraws-from-the-Glasgow-2018-European-Championships-Road-Race-on-Sunday-0 |archive-date=4 September 2019 |website=britishcycling.org.uk}}</ref>

====2019====
Cavendish returned to racing at the [[2019 Vuelta a San Juan|Vuelta a San Juan]] in Argentina, having not raced since August 2018. He finished eighth on the opening stage and later said it was "nice to be back in the peloton".<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2019 |title=Mark Cavendish says it's 'nice to be back in the mix' after race return |publisher=[[BBC Online|BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/47033472/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211235842/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/47033472 |archive-date=11 February 2019}}</ref> He was not selected for the [[2019 Tour de France|Tour de France]] because of strained relations with Team Dimension Data principal and owner [[Douglas Ryder]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team Dimension Data |url=https://www.letour.fr/en/team/TDD/team-dimension-data |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710161213/https://www.letour.fr/en/team/TDD/team-dimension-data |archive-date=10 July 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=letour.fr}}</ref> and other health issues since 2017. In response, Cavendish said he was "absolutely heart-broken" to be missing a race in which he had competed each year since 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cary |first=Tom |date=2 July 2019 |title=Mark Cavendish not selected by Dimension Data for the Tour de France |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cycling/2019/07/02/mark-cavendish-not-selected-dimension-data-tour-de-france/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704083225/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cycling/2019/07/02/mark-cavendish-not-selected-dimension-data-tour-de-france/ |archive-date=4 July 2019 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Tour de France 2019: Mark Cavendish 'heartbroken' by omission |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/48838998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831102124/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/48838998 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=31 August 2019 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Ryder said it "was multiple people who made that decision" and that "there was a whole team involved", but this was disputed by team performance director [[Rolf Aldag]], who said the decision was made by Ryder alone. Aldag had made his intentions clear of selecting Cavendish for the race, but later accepted it was ultimately the team owner's decision of who would be on the team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cary |first=Tom |date=6 July 2019 |title=Mark Cavendish's Tour de France non-selection: Dimension Data performance director could quit race amid fallout |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cycling/2019/07/06/mark-cavendishs-tour-de-france-non-selection-dimension-data/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904181837/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cycling/2019/07/06/mark-cavendishs-tour-de-france-non-selection-dimension-data/ |archive-date=4 September 2019 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Aldag announced his departure from the team at the end of the season in a statement in early September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=Rolf Aldag to part ways with Dimension Data at end of season |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/rolf-aldag-to-part-ways-with-dimension-data-at-end-of-season/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903115920/https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/rolf-aldag-to-part-ways-with-dimension-data-at-end-of-season/ |archive-date=3 September 2019 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref>

[[File:Mark Cavendish - 2019 Tour of Britain (stage 8).jpg|thumb|left|Cavendish at the [[2019 Tour of Britain]]]]
Cavendish crashed on the opening stage of the [[2019 Tour de Pologne|Tour de Pologne]] after a touch of wheels around a slow and sharp corner at roughly {{convert|4|km|abbr=off}} from the finish; he finished in last place.<ref name="Late crash">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2019 |title=Late crash knocks Mark Cavendish from Tour de Pologne sprint |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/late-crash-knocks-mark-cavendish-from-tour-de-pologne-sprint/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831104025/https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/late-crash-knocks-mark-cavendish-from-tour-de-pologne-sprint/ |archive-date=31 August 2019 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4AD2TI81ew |title=Tour de Pologne 2019 – Mark Cavendish Crash |date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/U4AD2TI81ew |archive-date=22 December 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He finished sixth on stage three, then abandoned the race on stage six to focus on the [[2019 European Road Championships|European Road Championships]],<ref name="Late crash"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair|authorlink=Alasdair Fotheringham|date=8 August 2019 |title=Cavendish quits Tour de Pologne for European Road Race Championships |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-quits-tour-de-pologne-for-european-road-race-championships/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831104030/https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-quits-tour-de-pologne-for-european-road-race-championships/ |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=31 August 2019 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> where he finished 31st.<ref>{{Cite web |title=4th European Continental Championships – Road Race (CC) |url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/uec-road-european-championships/2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811134137/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/uec-road-european-championships/2019/ |archive-date=11 August 2019 |access-date=8 September 2019 |website=procyclingstats.com}}</ref> He was selected by Team Dimension Data to lead the team at the [[2019 Deutschland Tour|Deutschland Tour]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2019 |title=Deutschland Tour: Mark Cavendish to lead Dimension Data |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/49510951 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831104029/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/49510951 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |publisher=[[BBC Online|BBC]]}}</ref> and to ride in the [[2019 Tour of Britain|Tour of Britain]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2019 |title=Mark Cavendish to race Tour of Britain |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-to-race-tour-of-britain/ |website=[[Cycling News]]}}</ref> He ultimately finished the season without a win on the road, with his best result being a third-place stage finish at the [[2019 Presidential Tour of Turkey|Presidential Tour of Turkey]] in April.<ref name="Monsere">{{cite news|url=https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/mark-cavendish-hits-first-podium-since-2019/|title=Mark Cavendish hits first podium since 2019|work=[[VeloNews]]|publisher=[[Outside (company)|Outside Inc.]]|date=7 March 2021|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref>

===Bahrain–McLaren (2020)===
In late October 2019, Cavendish signed with {{UCI team code|TBM|2020}} for the 2020 season alongside [[Mikel Landa]], [[Wout Poels]], and [[Dylan Teuns]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=Mark Cavendish joins Team Bahrain Merida for 2020 season |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/50185804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025210924/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/50185804 |archive-date=25 October 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The announcement was followed by success in the 2019 [[Six Days of London]] where Cavendish, along with [[Owain Doull]], finished second to Elia Viviani and Simone Consonni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=James |date=26 October 2019 |title=Brits close in on Six Day glory |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/cycling/2019-six-day-london-mark-cavendish-closes-in-on-six-day-triumph_sto7514571/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029201425/https://www.eurosport.co.uk/cycling/2019-six-day-london-mark-cavendish-closes-in-on-six-day-triumph_sto7514571/story.shtml |archive-date=29 October 2019 |website=eurosport.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SIX DAY LONDON RESULTS |url=https://sixday.com/london/london-results/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910051444/https://sixday.com/london/london-results/ |archive-date=10 September 2019 |access-date=27 October 2019 |website=sixday.com}}</ref> At the beginning of 2020 Cavendish had his hopes of competing in the [[Cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's Madison|madison at the Tokyo Olympics]] dashed when he was not selected in the British squads for the final round of the [[2019–20 UCI Track Cycling World Cup|UCI Track Cycling World Cup]] in [[Milton, Ontario]], Canada, or the [[2020 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] in Berlin, rendering him ineligible to be selected for the Games.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2020 |title=Mark Cavendish's chances of competing in Tokyo 2020 Olympics recede following World Cup omission |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendishs-chances-of-competing-in-tokyo-2020-olympics-recede-following-world-cup-omission/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2020 |title=Mark Cavendish's Olympic dreams over after missing out on Track Worlds |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendishs-olympic-dreams-over-after-missing-out-on-track-worlds/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> He made his debut for Bahrain–McLaren at the [[Saudi Tour|Tour of Saudi Arabia]] in February, where he helped teammate [[Phil Bauhaus]] to two stage wins and the overall win, after Cavendish crashed twice on the second stage of the race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Patrick |date=13 February 2020 |title=Mark Cavendish's Tour de France spot depends on WorldTour victories, Ellingworth suggests |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendishs-tour-de-france-spot-depends-on-worldtour-victories-ellingworth-suggests/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref>

During the season he alternated between riding as a sprinter and as a lead out man for teammates, but his racing programme was disrupted by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. After he was not selected for the delayed [[2020 Tour de France|Tour de France]], he said he felt he was not ready for it, due to a lack of racing and the race's particularly tough mountainous route; he backed teammate Landa's bid for the yellow jersey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2020 |title=Mark Cavendish: I'm not ready for the Tour de France |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-im-not-ready-for-the-tour-de-france/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> He rode in the delayed [[cobbled classics]] in the autumn, making a number of early breakaways.<ref name="2020cobbles">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Mark Cavendish wants to carry on 'for a few more seasons' |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-wants-to-carry-on-for-a-few-more-seasons/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> At [[2020 Gent–Wevelgem|Gent–Wevelgem]] he stated in an interview with ''[[Sporza]]'' that the race might be his last.<ref name="Early retirement">{{Cite web |last=Frattini |first=Kirsten |date=11 October 2020 |title=Mark Cavendish hints at early retirement after Gent–Wevelgem |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-hints-at-early-retirement-after-gent-wevelgem/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> He subsequently clarified that the comment related to rumours about subsequent Flemish classic races being cancelled, which turned out not to be the case: after riding in [[2020 Scheldeprijs|Scheldeprijs]], the [[2020 Tour of Flanders|Tour of Flanders]] and the [[2020 Three Days of Bruges–De Panne|Three Days of Bruges–De Panne]] he declared in an interview with ''[[Het Nieuwsblad]]'' that he had had "(his) best racing month for a long time" and indicated that he wanted to continue racing "for a few more seasons".<ref name="2020cobbles" />

===Deceuninck–Quick-Step (2021–2022)===
Following reports that he was due to retire due to difficulty in securing a World Tour contract,<ref name="Early retirement"/> in December 2020, Cavendish announced his return to {{UCI team code|DQT|2021}} for the [[2021 Deceuninck–Quick-Step season|2021 season]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cavendish returns to Quick Step for 2021 |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/55199270 |access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> His contract was for the [[UCI WorldTeam]] minimum salary of €40,000, and he had to bring his own sponsor to the team.<ref name="liew" />

====2021====
[[File:Stage 14, 2021 TDF10093 bus met cavendish (51321499568).jpg|thumb|Cavendish (third from left) at the [[2021 Tour de France]], where he won the [[points classification in the Tour de France|points classification]] for the second time]]
Having recorded his first podium finish since 2019 with a second-place finish to [[Tim Merlier]] at the [[2021 Grote Prijs Jean-Pierre Monseré|Grote Prijs Jean-Pierre Monseré]],<ref name="Monsere"/> Cavendish took his first four professional victories since 2018 in April, winning stages 2, 3, 4 and 8 of the [[2021 Presidential Tour of Turkey|Tour of Turkey]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/mark-cavendish-on-winning-thats-all-i-wanted-to-do-once-more/|title=Mark Cavendish on winning: 'That's all I wanted to do once more'|work=[[VeloNews]]|publisher=[[Outside (company)|Outside Inc.]]|date=29 April 2021|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> In June he took another win in the fifth and final stage of the [[2021 Tour of Belgium|Tour of Belgium]], triumphing over a field which included such names as [[Caleb Ewan]], Merlier, [[Pascal Ackermann]], [[Dylan Groenewegen]] and [[Nacer Bouhanni]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Owen |date=13 June 2021 |title=Mark Cavendish coy on Tour de France inclusion after Belgium Tour stage win |url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/mark-cavendish-coy-on-tour-de-france-inclusion-after-belgium-tour-stage-win |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> Cavendish's teammate, [[Sam Bennett (cyclist)|Sam Bennett]] had an increasingly strained relationship with the team's management,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Daniel |date=22 June 2021 |title=Tour de France: Lefevere's negative comments on Bennett are born out of revenge, says Kelly |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-de-france-lefeveres-negative-comments-on-bennett-are-born-out-of-revenge-says-kelly/ |access-date=23 June 2021 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> and when Bennett was ruled out of the [[2021 Tour de France|Tour de France]] following a training injury, Cavendish was drafted in as the team's lead sprinter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Daniel |date=21 June 2021 |title=Mark Cavendish in for Sam Bennett as Deceuninck-QuickStep alter Tour de France team |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-in-for-sam-bennett-as-deceuninck-quickstep-alter-tour-de-france-team/ |access-date=23 June 2021 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> He won stages four, six, ten and thirteen of the Tour, bringing his total of Tour de France stage victories to 34, making him the joint record holder for Tour stage wins along with [[Eddy Merckx]].<ref name="Grmissile">{{Cite news |last=Whittle |first=Jeremy |date=9 July 2021 |title=Mark Cavendish cements comeback with emotional win at Tour de France |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/09/mark-cavendish-equals-record-with-34th-stage-win-in-tour-de-france |access-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> On the race's final stage to the [[Champs-Élysées]], Cavendish missed out on the win, finishing third behind [[Wout van Aert]] and [[Jasper Philipsen]]. He won the points classification for the second time in his career, ten years after his first win in [[2011 Tour de France|2011]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2021 |title=Tour de France: Mark Cavendish wins green jersey – but narrowly misses out on record 35 stage wins |publisher=[[Sky News]] |url=https://news.sky.com/story/tour-de-france-mark-cavendish-wins-green-jersey-but-narrowly-misses-out-on-record-35-stage-wins-12358666 |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> Cavendish was backed by the "strongest sprint train in the race"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skelton |first=Jack |date=6 July 2021 |title=Tour de France 2021: Mark Cavendish wins 33rd stage to move within one of all-time record |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/57729678 |access-date=22 August 2021 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> with [[Michael Mørkøv]] as his lead out man.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Patrick |date=24 June 2021 |title=Mørkøv proud to lead out 'living legend' Mark Cavendish at Tour de France |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/morkov-proud-to-lead-out-living-legend-mark-cavendish-at-tour-de-france/ |access-date=22 August 2021 |website=[[Cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref>

Cavendish's 2021 season was abruptly ended by a crash in the final Madison session of the [[Six Days of Ghent]] track event. Cavendish was closely following world Madison champion [[Lasse Norman Leth|Lasse Norman Hansen]], behind [[Gerben Thijssen]] and [[Kenny De Ketele]] when Thijssen slipped on a damp patch on the track sending De Ketele up the banking to sweep away Hansen's front wheel, bringing down both Hansen and Cavendish. Cavendish was taken to the intensive care unit of [[Ghent University Hospital]] suffering from broken ribs and a punctured lung.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Jonny |date=27 November 2021 |title=Ghent Six crash 'ripped a hole in my lung behind my heart', reveals Mark Cavendish |url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/ghent-six-crash-ripped-a-hole-in-my-lung-behind-my-heart-reveals-mark-cavendish |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> In December, Cavendish extended his contract at {{UCI team code|DQT|2021|nolink=yes}} for another year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2021 |title=Mark Cavendish extends with Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl |url=https://www.velonews.com/news/road/mark-cavendish-extends-with-quick-step-alpha-vinyl |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=VeloNews.com}}</ref>

====2022====
[[File:GI220101 cav (52122191277).jpg|thumb|Cavendish at the [[2022 Giro d'Italia]]]]
Cavendish opened his season in the Middle East with the {{UCI team code|DQT|2022|nolink=yes}} at the [[2022 Tour of Oman|Tour of Oman]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farrand |first=Stephen |date=6 February 2022 |title=Mark Cavendish to make 2022 debut at Tour of Oman |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-to-make-2022-debut-at-tour-of-oman/ |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> He finished second to [[Fernando Gaviria]] on the opening stage,<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 2022 |title=Tour of Oman: Fernando Gaviria wins stage 1 |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-of-oman-2022/stage-1/results/ |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> but the following day he won the sprint for stage 2, taking the lead in both the general and points classifications.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farrand |first=Stephen |date=11 February 2022 |title=Tour of Oman: Mark Cavendish wins stage 2 |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-of-oman-2022/stage-2/results/ |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> He finished the six-day event in fourth place in the points classification following a points deduction after stage 5,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Magee |first=Will |date=15 February 2022 |title=Mark Cavendish stripped of green jersey and fined at Tour of Oman after crash on stage 5 |work=[[Eurosport]] |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/cycling/tour-of-oman/2022/mark-cavendish-stripped-of-green-jersey-and-fined-at-tour-of-oman-after-crash-on-stage-5_sto8793339/story.shtml |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> and being blocked by [[Maximiliano Richeze]] in the sprint for stage 6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magee |first=Will |date=15 February 2022 |title=Mark Cavendish was left fuming at the finish line as Fernando Gaviria won Stage 6 of the Tour of Oman |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/cycling/tour-of-oman/2022/mark-cavendish-fumes-as-fernando-gaviria-wins-stage-6-of-tour-of-oman-jan-hirt-secures-overall-victo_sto8793499/story.shtml |access-date=20 February 2022 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Later in February, Cavendish won stage 2 of the [[2022 UAE Tour|UAE Tour]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fletcher |first=Patrick |date=21 February 2022 |title=UAE Tour: Mark Cavendish takes sprint win on stage 2 |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/uae-tour-2022/stage-2/results/ |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> In March, Cavendish became the first British cyclist to win the Italian classic [[Milano–Torino]]. After racing at an average speed of {{convert|44|km/h|abbr=off}} over a new {{convert|199|km|abbr=off|adj=on}} course from [[Magenta, Lombardy|Magenta]] to [[Rivoli, Piedmont|Rivoli]], Cavendish out-sprinted [[Nacer Bouhanni]] and [[Alexander Kristoff]] to take his first victory in Italy since a stage win at the [[2014 Tirreno–Adriatico]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cavendish just keeps on going |url=https://www.milanotorino.it/en/news/cavendish-just-keeps-on-going/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=MILANO TORINO}}</ref>

In May, Cavendish contested the [[2022 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] for the first time since [[2013 Giro d'Italia|2013]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=Barry |date=30 April 2022 |title=Finishing school – Mark Cavendish and the Giro d'Italia |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/finishing-school-mark-cavendish-and-the-giro-ditalia/ |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> and he won the third stage of the race in Hungary, his 16th Giro stage win.<ref name="CN-3">{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Patrick |date=8 May 2022 |title=Giro d'Italia: Mark Cavendish wins stage 3 |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/giro-d-italia-2022/stage-3/results/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> This win gave him 53 career Grand Tour stage wins, bringing him within 4 of [[Mario Cipollini]] and 11 of [[Eddy Merckx]] for [[Grand Tour (cycling)#Grand Tour stage wins|the most Grand Tour stage wins of all-time]]. He took two further podium finishes during the race, and ultimately finished third in the [[Points classification in the Giro d'Italia|points classification]], behind [[Arnaud Démare]] and Gaviria.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Becket |first=Adam |date=29 May 2022 |title=Giro d'Italia 2022 standings: Final results from the 105th edition after stage 21 |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/giro-ditalia-2022-standings-the-current-results-from-the-105th-edition |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> The following month, Cavendish won his second [[British National Road Race Championships]] title in [[Castle Douglas]],<ref name="BBC-20Jun2022">{{Cite news |date=26 June 2022 |title=Mark Cavendish wins British National Road Championship title |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/61946078 |access-date=27 June 2022}}</ref> nine years after he won his first title in [[Glasgow]]. In July, {{UCI team code|DQT|2022|nolink=yes}} general manager [[Patrick Lefevere]] advised that Cavendish's contract would not be extended beyond the end of the season,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hood |first=Andrew |date=12 July 2022 |title=No room for Mark Cavendish at new Soudal-Quick-Step project |work=[[VeloNews]] |publisher=[[Outside (company)|Outside Inc.]] |url=https://www.velonews.com/news/road/no-room-for-mark-cavendish-at-new-soudal-quick-step-project/ |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> and his final race with the team was a second-place finish to [[Tim Merlier]] in the [[Memorial Rik Van Steenbergen]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.soudal-quickstepteam.com/en/news/5801/cavendish-runner-up-in-final-race-with-the-wolfpack|title=Cavendish runner-up in final race with the Wolfpack|work={{UCI team code|DQT|2022}}|publisher=Decolef lux sarl|date=9 October 2022|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref>

===Astana Qazaqstan Team (2023–2024)===
Having reportedly signed a contract with the {{UCI team code|BBK|2022}} team prior to its disbanding,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davidson |first=Tom |date=5 December 2022 |title=Further blow to Mark Cavendish's future as B&B Hôtels boss tells riders to find new teams |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/further-blow-to-mark-cavendishs-future-as-bandb-hotels-boss-tells-riders-to-find-new-teams |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> Cavendish started 2023 as a free agent. In mid-January, he signed a contract with the {{UCI team code|AST|2023}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Becket |first1=Adam |last2=Davidson |first2=Tom |date=17 January 2023 |title=Mark Cavendish signs for Astana-Qazaqstan and will remain on the WorldTour for 2023 |work=[[Cycling Weekly]] |url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/mark-cavendish-signs-for-astana-qazaqstan-and-will-remain-on-the-worldtour-for-2023 |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> He made his first starts with the team in the Middle East, in Oman at the [[Muscat Classic]] and the [[2023 Tour of Oman|Tour of Oman]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Shea |first=Sadhbh |date=8 February 2023 |title=Tour of Oman preview: Mark Cavendish tests his new leadout in the desert |work=[[VeloNews]] |url=https://www.velonews.com/news/road/tour-of-oman-preview-mark-cavendish-trials-his-new-leadout-in-the-desert/ |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> before moving onto the United Arab Emirates with a start at the [[2023 UAE Tour|UAE Tour]], where he was part of a late-race break on the opening stage.<ref>{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Davidson|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/thats-not-bad-mark-cavendish-pleased-with-first-podium-finish-for-astana-at-uae-tour|title='That's not bad' - Mark Cavendish pleased with first podium finish for Astana at UAE Tour|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=20 February 2023|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> During the [[2023 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]], Cavendish announced his intention to retire at the end of the 2023 racing season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ingle |first=Sean|authorlink=Sean Ingle|date=22 May 2023 |title=Mark Cavendish to retire from pro cycling at the end of 2023 season |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/22/mark-cavendish-retire-from-professional-cycling-end-of-2023-season |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A week later, Cavendish out-sprinted his rivals to take the 21st and final stage of the Giro d'Italia in Rome, taking his tally of stage wins at the race to 17.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farrand |first=Stephen |date=28 May 2023 |title='What a way to end my Giro d'Italia' - Mark Cavendish strikes in Rome |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/what-a-way-to-end-my-giro-ditalia-mark-cavendish-strikes-in-rome/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=cyclingnews.com |language=en}}</ref> He sought to become the record holder for stage wins at the [[2023 Tour de France|Tour de France]], but his best result was second to [[Jasper Philipsen]] on [[2023 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11#Stage 7|stage 7]].<ref>{{Cite web|first=Ian|last=Parker |date=7 July 2023 |title=Mark Cavendish 'bitterly disappointed' after Tour record snatched away on line |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cycling/mark-cavendish-tour-de-france-london-eddy-merckx-jonas-vingegaard-b2371421.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> He abandoned the race the following day, after a fall during [[2023 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11#Stage 8|stage 8]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2023 |title=Cavendish crashes, abandons Tour de France |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cycling/cavendish-crashes-abandons-tour-de-france-2023-07-08/ |website=[[Reuters.com]]}}</ref> In October of that year, he announced he had reconsidered his decision to retire, and would stay with {{UCI team code|AST|2023|nolink=yes}} for the 2024 season, in the hope of breaking the Tour de France stage win record.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warwick |first1=Matt |title=Mark Cavendish delays retirement for 'one more year' to race in Tour de France |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/66786721 |website=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=4 October 2023 |date=4 October 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Mark Cavendish in the descent of Tourmalet pass during stage 14 of TDF 24.jpg|thumb|left|Cavendish at the [[2024 Tour de France]]]]
Cavendish started the 2024 season at the [[2024 Tour Colombia|Tour Colombia]], where he won the fourth stage of the race, ahead of his former teammate [[Fernando Gaviria]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=Jackie|last1=Tyson|first2=Barry|last2=Ryan|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-colombia-2-1-2024/stage-4/results/|title=Tour Colombia: Mark Cavendish pips Gaviria for stage 4 victory|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=9 February 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> He also won the second stage of the [[2024 Tour de Hongrie|Tour de Hongrie]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-sport/cycling-cavendish-wins-second-stage-of-tour-de-hongrie/|title=Cycling: Cavendish wins second stage of Tour de Hongrie|work=[[Manx Radio]]|publisher=Radio Manx Ltd.|date=9 May 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> and featured as part of a breakaway on the final stage of the race. While racing at the [[2024 Tour de Suisse|Tour de Suisse]], it was announced that Cavendish was to be [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom#Knighthood|knighted]] in the [[2024 Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Cary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cycling/2024/06/14/mark-cavendish-knighted-retirement-tour-france-merckx/|title=Mark Cavendish knighted after postponing retirement to beat Tour de France record|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=14 June 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> At the Tour de France, and having been caught behind a crash during the sprint on [[2024 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11#Stage 3|stage 3]], Cavendish's next opportunity was on [[2024 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11#Stage 5|stage 5]], finishing in [[Saint-Vulbas]]. Moving between the wheels in the sprint, Cavendish launched his sprint from behind [[Pascal Ackermann]], and was able to fend off Philipsen for his record 35th Tour de France stage win.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cavendish breaks Tour de France stage record |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/articles/c2q05e2e920o |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=BBC Sport |date=3 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Whittle |first1=Jeremy |title=Mark Cavendish powers to record-breaking 35th Tour de France stage win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jul/03/mark-cavendish-powers-to-record-breaking-35th-tour-de-france-stage-win |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=Guardian |date=3 July 2024}}</ref> The following day, it was reported that Cavendish had received a warning from race officials for deviating from his sprinting line during the sprint.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cotton |first=Jim |date=4 July 2024 |title=Mark Cavendish Gets Slapped Wrist From UCI After Tour de France Record-Breaking Sprint |url=https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/mark-cavendish-gets-slapped-wrist-after-tour-de-france-record/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Velo |language=en-US}}</ref> It was his only stage win during the race; he would later be penalised and fined for drafting during [[2024 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11#Stage 6|stage 6]],<ref>{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Davidson|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/mark-cavendish-fined-for-drafting-behind-race-car-at-tour-de-france|title=Mark Cavendish fined for drafting behind race car at Tour de France|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=4 July 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> relegated on [[2024 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21#Stage 12|stage 12]] for deviating during the final sprint,<ref>{{cite news|first=Adam|last=Becket|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/mark-cavendish-upset-and-angry-after-being-relegated-for-deviation-on-tour-de-france-stage-12|title=Mark Cavendish 'upset and angry' after being relegated for 'deviation' on Tour de France stage 12|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=11 July 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> and ultimately ended the race as the ''[[lanterne rouge]]'', finishing last in the [[general classification in the Tour de France|general classification]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Chris|last=Marshall-Bell|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/ive-lived-everyones-dream-mark-cavendish-hints-at-snap-retirement-after-last-ever-tour-de-france-stage|title='I've lived everyone's dream': Mark Cavendish hints at snap retirement after last ever Tour de France stage|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=21 July 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025}}</ref> Having received his knighthood at [[Windsor Castle]] from [[William, Prince of Wales]] in October,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024 |title=Cavendish committed to completing 2024 race plans |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/articles/cm2yw3w8z3lo.amp |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024 |title=Manx Missile Sir Mark Cavendish receives knighthood at Windsor Castle |url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2024-10-02/its-super-humbling-sir-mark-cavendish-receives-knighthood |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=ITVX}}</ref> Cavendish won the Tour de France Singapore Criterium in his final cycling start,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2024 |title=Emotional Cavendish wins final race of career |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/articles/c624l7p7z5vo |access-date=10 November 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> retiring with 165 professional victories.<ref>{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Thewlis|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/mark-cavendishs-greatest-wins|title=Mark Cavendish's greatest wins, ranked from World Championships to Tour de France|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=12 September 2024|accessdate=5 May 2025|quote=Cavendish has 165 individual victories on his palmarès [...]}}</ref> He was not nominated for the [[2024 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award|BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award]], but instead received the [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Donald|last=McRae|authorlink=Donald McRae (author)|url= https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/dec/16/cycling-tour-de-france-mark-cavendish-sports-personality-bbc-lifetime-award|title=Mark Cavendish: 'Spoty lifetime award is nice but as a competitor you want to be shortlisted'|date=16 December 2024|work=Guardian|accessdate=17 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Jess|last=Anderson|date=16 December 2024 |title=Cavendish wins BBC Lifetime Achievement award|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/articles/c0475w65054o |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Riding style and incidents==
Cavendish has an aggressive riding style that has been compared to a [[Sprint (running)|sprinter]] pushing on the starting blocks.<ref name="Velo France p34">Vélo, France, August 2008, p34</ref> At the 2009 Tour de France, the points he gained in the intermediate sprint in [[2009 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21#Stage 14|stage fourteen]] were removed after he was judged to have driven Thor Hushovd too close to barriers on the course.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2009 |title=Tour de France 2009: Mark Cavendish abandons hopes of green jersey |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5864480/Tour-de-France-2009-Mark-Cavendish-abandons-hopes-of-green-jersey.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724160229/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5864480/Tour-de-France-2009-Mark-Cavendish-abandons-hopes-of-green-jersey.html |archive-date=24 July 2009}}</ref> After [[2009 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21#Stage 19|stage nineteen]], he said he was "embarrassed" for his comments about "deserving" green jersey wearer Hushovd.<ref name="apology" /> After stage four of the 2010 Tour de Suisse, Cavendish was found to be at fault for a crash involving himself and [[Heinrich Haussler]] during the end of the sprint stage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2010 |title=Mark Cavendish penalised following crash at Tour of Switzerland |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/7831864/Mark-Cavendish-penalised-following-crash-at-Tour-of-Switzerland.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619135726/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/7831864/Mark-Cavendish-penalised-following-crash-at-Tour-of-Switzerland.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> The crash caused Haussler, [[Arnaud Coyot]] and [[Lloyd Mondory]] to quit the race because of their injuries, though Cavendish was able to continue.<ref name="Swiss Protest">{{Cite web |date=16 June 2010 |title=Cyclists delay Swiss stage in Cavendish protest |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/7833548/Tour-of-Switzerland-riders-delay-stage-in-Mark-Cavendish-protest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312133251/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/7833548/Tour-of-Switzerland-riders-delay-stage-in-Mark-Cavendish-protest.html |archive-date=12 March 2011 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Cavendish received a thirty-second penalty and a [[Swiss franc|CHF]]200 fine. The start of the next stage was disrupted by fellow riders protesting Cavendish's riding and style, and what they said was a lack of respect from him.<ref name="Swiss Protest" />

His riding style resulted in organisers of the 2013 Boxmeer Criterium in the Netherlands to announce he was not welcome due to an incident during stage ten of the 2013 Tour de France, when he bumped Dutch rider [[Tom Veelers]] in a sprint finish, sending the Argos-Shimano rider tumbling.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish 'not welcome' at Dutch race after Tom Veelers Tour crash |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/11/mark-cavendish-veelers-tour-de-france |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063335/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/11/mark-cavendish-veelers-tour-de-france |archive-date=9 February 2018 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Another instance of dubious safety concerns while riding was witnessed on the opening stage of the 2014 Tour de France as Cavendish caused [[Simon Gerrans]] to crash while trying to push him out of the way during the sprint.<ref name="WTF?" /> In 2016, Cavendish accepted responsibility and apologised for the crash of South Korean cyclist [[Park Sang-hoon (cyclist)|Park Sang-hoon]] at the men's [[omnium]] event at the Olympics when an incident between them led to Park being thrown from his bike.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masters |first=James |date=15 August 2016 |title=Mark Cavendish: Olympics omnium crash was my fault |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/15/sport/olympics-cycling-mark-cavendish-park-sanghoon/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706061901/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/15/sport/olympics-cycling-mark-cavendish-park-sanghoon/index.html |archive-date=6 July 2017 |access-date=8 July 2017 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> After the crash, Park appeared unconscious and did not move while paramedics administered first aid; he was eventually taken away on a stretcher.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2016 |title=Watch Idiot Mark Cavendish Purposefully Wipe Out Competitors During Rio Race [Video] – 2oceansvibe.com |url=http://www.2oceansvibe.com/2016/08/16/watch-idiot-mark-cavendish-purposefully-wipe-out-competitors-during-rio-race-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209003108/http://www.2oceansvibe.com/2016/08/16/watch-idiot-mark-cavendish-purposefully-wipe-out-competitors-during-rio-race-video/ |archive-date=9 February 2018 |access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref>

Cavendish has been described as confident, even arrogant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Jim |date=14 December 2010 |title=BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2010: When I say I am the best, it's honesty, not arrogance, says Mark Cavendish |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/8199621/BBC-Sports-Personality-of-the-Year-2010-When-I-say-I-am-the-best-its-honesty-not-arrogance-says-Mark-Cavendish.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216140205/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/8199621/BBC-Sports-Personality-of-the-Year-2010-When-I-say-I-am-the-best-its-honesty-not-arrogance-says-Mark-Cavendish.html |archive-date=16 December 2017 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hymas |first=Peter |date=3 January 2009 |title=Can anybody challenge Cavendish in the 2009 sprints? |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/can-anybody-challenge-cavendish-in-the-2009-sprints-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825221545/http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/can-anybody-challenge-cavendish-in-the-2009-sprints-2 |archive-date=25 August 2009 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> In 2008 he said: "When journalists at the Tour de France ask me if I am the best sprinter, I answer 'Yes', and that's seen as arrogance, but if they don't ask me, I don't say I'm the best sprinter in the world."<ref name="Velo France p34" /> He has an [[eidetic memory]] for the details of race routes. In a 2013 interview with [[Jonathan Liew]], he said: "If I do a circuit then after three laps I could tell you where all the potholes were." As a test, Liew asked him to recount the close of his win in San Remo five years earlier. It took him five minutes to recite every detail of the last {{convert|10|km|abbr=off}}. This is an obvious asset to Cavendish in planning and timing his races.<ref name="jl">{{Cite news |last=Liew |first=Jonathan|authorlink=Jonathan Liew|date=5 November 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish: My position as cycling's greatest sprinter is under threat – now I have a point to prove |page=10 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/10426338/Mark-Cavendish-My-position-as-cyclings-greatest-sprinter-is-under-threat-now-I-have-a-point-to-prove.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714213919/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/mark-cavendish/10426338/Mark-Cavendish-My-position-as-cyclings-greatest-sprinter-is-under-threat-now-I-have-a-point-to-prove.html |archive-date=14 July 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Mark Cavendish, Boy Racer (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Cavendish sitting in front of a microphone holding a copy of his book ''Boy Racer'' |Cavendish during a press conference at the [[2010 Tour of California]], with his autobiography ''Boy Racer''.]]
On 5 October 2013, Cavendish married model [[Peta Todd]] in London, making him stepfather to her son from a previous relationship.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stevenson |first=John |date=9 October 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish and Peta Todd wed |work=road.cc |publisher=Farrelly Atkinson |url=http://road.cc/content/news/95972-mark-cavendish-and-peta-todd-wed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803070522/http://road.cc/content/news/95972-mark-cavendish-and-peta-todd-wed |archive-date=3 August 2014}}</ref> Cavendish and Todd have four children together.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McNally |first=Kelby |date=24 April 2015 |title=Mark Cavendish and wife Peta announce they're expecting baby number 2. |work=[[OK!]] |url=http://www.ok.co.uk/mum-and-baby/peta-cavendish-expecting-second-baby-with-mark-cavendish |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526202726/http://www.ok.co.uk/mum-and-baby/peta-cavendish-expecting-second-baby-with-mark-cavendish |archive-date=26 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2018 |title=Mark Cavendish and wife Peta Todd announce they've welcomed their third child together |url=https://www.goodtoknow.co.uk/family/mark-cavendish-wife-peta-todd-welcome-baby-boy-389248 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408094500/https://www.goodtoknow.co.uk/family/mark-cavendish-wife-peta-todd-welcome-baby-boy-389248 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |website=goodtoknow.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2012 |title=Cyclist Mark Cavendish becomes a father |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-17609291 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406110012/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-17609291 |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref> He has three homes: one on the Isle of Man, which he said will always be his real home; one in Ongar, Essex; and a training base in [[Quarrata]], [[Tuscany]], Italy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 May 2009 |title=Mark Cavendish: 'I never demand the impossible – but there's no excuse for failure' |work=[[The Independent]] |publisher=Independent Print |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/mark-cavendish-i-never-demand-the-impossible-ndash-but-theres-no-excuse-for-failure-1680235.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206031340/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/mark-cavendish-i-never-demand-the-impossible-ndash-but-theres-no-excuse-for-failure-1680235.html |archive-date=6 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Farrand |first=Stephen |date=2 March 2011 |title=Cavendish to ride Giro d'Italia, Tour de France and Vuelta in 2011 |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-to-ride-giro-ditalia-tour-de-france-and-vuelta-in-2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817130014/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendish-to-ride-giro-ditalia-tour-de-france-and-vuelta-in-2011 |archive-date=17 August 2011}}</ref> Their house in Essex was robbed at knifepoint in November 2021,<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 January 2023 |title=Mark Cavendish: Robbery at Essex home was 'planned invasion' |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-64157253}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 January 2023 |title=Mark Cavendish: Two robbery suspects still at large, trial hears |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-64164074}}</ref> and two men were jailed at [[Chelmsford Crown Court]] in February 2023 for their involvement in the robbery.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2023 |title=Mark Cavendish robbery: Two men jailed for raid at cyclist's home |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-64541757 |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref>

In January 2015 Cavendish announced the creation of the Rise Above Sportive, a [[cyclosportive]] to be held in Chester and North Wales in August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Stuart |date=28 January 2015 |title=Mark Cavendish launches his new sportive around Chester |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/sportives/sportive-news/mark-cavendish-launches-new-sportive-around-chester-154614 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416005930/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/sportives/sportive-news/mark-cavendish-launches-new-sportive-around-chester-154614 |archive-date=16 April 2015 |website=[[Cycling Weekly]]}}</ref> In November 2015, he was awarded an [[honorary doctorate]] in science by the [[University of Chester]] for his contribution to cycling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2015 |title=Mark Cavendish receives honorary degree |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-receives-honorary-degree/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107220722/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-receives-honorary-degree/ |archive-date=7 November 2015 |website=[[cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> He was diagnosed with [[Epstein–Barr virus]] in April 2017 and spent months out of action before returning to race the 2017 Tour de France.<ref name="EPV1">{{Cite news |date=17 October 2018 |title=Mark Cavendish returns to training after Epstein Barr diagnosis |work=[[Cycling News]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-returns-to-training-after-epstein-barr-diagnosis/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103211809/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-returns-to-training-after-epstein-barr-diagnosis/ |archive-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> In August 2018 he was diagnosed with the virus a second time and withdrew from training and racing to recuperate.<ref name="EPV2">{{Cite news |date=29 August 2018 |title=Mark Cavendish diagnosed with Epstein Barr virus for second time |work=[[Cycling News]] |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-diagnosed-with-epstein-barr-virus-for-second-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103220925/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mark-cavendish-diagnosed-with-epstein-barr-virus-for-second-time/ |archive-date=3 January 2019}}</ref>

===Memoirs===
In June 2009, his autobiography ''Boy Racer'', which covered his career up to that year, was published by [[Ebury Publishing|Ebury Press]].{{sfn|Cavendish|2010}}<ref name="Boy Racer Benson" /> At a press conference in London ahead of the 2009 Tour de France, Cavendish explained the book was "more a biography of last year's Tour stage wins" than an autobiography.<ref name="True greatness beckons for boy racer" /> His "biggest motivation for writing it had been to explain himself better", to counter the way he came across during interviews immediately after races.<ref name="True greatness beckons for boy racer">{{Cite news |last=Slater |first=Matt |date=3 June 2009 |title=True greatness beckons for boy racer |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/mattslater/2009/06/true_greatness_beckons_for_boy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629052619/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/mattslater/2009/06/true_greatness_beckons_for_boy.html |archive-date=29 June 2009}}</ref> In an interview with [[Cyclingnews.com]], Cavendish said the book would "cause some controversy" before stating it is positive in respect to others.<ref name="Boy Racer Benson">{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Daniel |date=1 June 2009 |title=Cavendish's tale of a Boy Racer |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cavendishs-tale-of-a-boy-racer/ |website=[[Cyclingnews.com]]}}</ref> The book addresses many events including an offer of more money from elsewhere to leave Team Columbia–High Road in 2008, which Cavendish declined; relationships with teams and riders; and significant moments for him of some races.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2009 |title=Mark Cavendish: Boy Racer |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/mark-cavendish-boy-racer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114055456/http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/mark-cavendish-boy-racer |archive-date=14 January 2012 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ly |first=Matthew |date=21 December 2013 |title=Mark Cavendish Boy Racer |url=https://fvhsbookreviews.wordpress.com/2013/12/21/mark-cavendish-boy-racer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801174237/http://fvhsbookreviews.wordpress.com/2013/12/21/mark-cavendish-boy-racer/ |archive-date=1 August 2014}}</ref> Each chapter describes a stage from the 2008 Tour de France stages one to fourteen, using other autobiographical moments from Cavendish's life.{{sfn|Cavendish|2010}} In November 2013 his second book ''At Speed'' was also published by Ebury. Following on from ''Boy Racer'' it covered the part of his career from 2010 to 2013.{{sfn|Cavendish|2013}} In November 2021, Ebury Press published ''Tour de Force: My history-making Tour de France'', which detailed Cavendish's return to success at the 2021 Tour.<ref name="liew" />

===Commemorative stamps===
In December 2024, the [[Isle of Man Post Office]] published a collection of stamps honouring Cavendish.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Mark Cavendish KBE – The Manx Missile - Isle of Man Post Office |url=https://www.iompost.com/stamps-coins/collection/sir-mark-cavendish-kbe-the-manx-missile/ |access-date=18 December 2024 |website=www.iompost.com}}</ref> The collection, released as a sheetlet, was an amalgamation of three previous stamp issues featuring the cyclist, showcasing images capturing key moments throughout the years. They included representing the [[Isle of Man]] at the [[Commonwealth Games]], being part of [[Great Britain at the Olympics|Great Britain's Olympic team]], and competing in the [[Tour de France]]. The collection also featured details about his career and famous victories.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Catherine|last=Nicoll|title=Sir Mark Cavendish celebrated on home stamps|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9vkd7pye49o |access-date=18 December 2024 |website=www.bbc.com |date=17 December 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Career achievements==
{{Main|List of career achievements by Mark Cavendish}}
{{Clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Sports}}
* ''[[Mark Cavendish: Never Enough]]''
* ''[[Chasing Legends]]''
* [[List of British cyclists]]
* [[List of British cyclists who have led the Tour de France general classification]]
* [[List of Giro d'Italia classification winners]]
* [[List of Manx people]]
* [[List of Tour de France secondary classification winners]]
* [[List of Vuelta a España classification winners]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite book |last=Moore |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDnLnpM2GsQC |title=Sky's the Limit: Wiggins and Cavendish: British Cycling's Quest to Conquer the Tour De France |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-00-734183-2 |author-link=Richard Moore (journalist)}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cavendish |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fm734n1b7QwC |title=Boy Racer: My Journey to Tour de France Record-Breaker |publisher=Ebury Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-09-193277-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cavendish |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnbiMQEACAAJ |title=At Speed: My Life in the Fast Lane |publisher=VeloPress |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-937715-04-5 |location=Boulder, Colorado}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cavendish |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_BEEAAAQBAJ |title=Tour de Force: My history-making Tour de France |publisher=Ebury Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-52-914947-0}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Edworthy |first1=Sarah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSt2MAEACAAJ |title=21 Days to Glory: The Official Team Sky Book of the 2012 Tour de France |last2=Brailsford |first2=Dave |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-00-750661-3 |author-link2=Dave Brailsford}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ellingworth |first=Rod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmTcmwEACAAJ |title=Project Rainbow: How British Cycling Reached the Top of the World |publisher=Faber & Faber |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-571-30349-6 |author-link=Rod Ellingworth}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mark Cavendish}}
{{Wikinews|Contador wins 2009 Tour de France; Cavendish wins six stages}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{UCI rider|32923}}
* {{Cycling Archives}}
* {{ProCyclingStats}}
* {{Team GB}}
* {{Olympics.com profile|mark-cavendish}}
* {{Olympedia}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Sporting positions and awards
| list1 =
{{UCI Road World Champions – Men's road race}}
{{UCI Track Cycling World Champions – Men's madison}}
{{Tour de France points classification winners}}
{{Giro d'Italia points classification winners}}
{{Vuelta a España Points Classification}}
{{Milan–San Remo winners}}
{{British National Road Race Championships (men)}}
{{BBC Sports Personality of the Year winners}}
{{Tour de France Lanterne Rouge}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
{{good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cavendish, Mark}}
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[[Category:People from Douglas, Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey stage winners]]
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[[Category:Tour de Suisse stage winners]]
[[Category:UCI Road World Champions (elite men)]]
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List of Manx Electric Railway stations

2025-06-23T12:09:58Z

5.253.76.1: /* Other stopping places */

{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2009}}

There are many local stopping places on the [[Manx Electric Railway]] on the [[Isle of Man]]. Trams may stop wherever it is convenient to do so.

Following is a list of the acknowledged stopping places. The primary (i.e. timetabled) stopping places are as follows, and are those featured on the timetabled services of the railway. The principal stopping points, however, are at [[Groudle]], [[Laxey]] and the northern terminus at [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]] and the following places in between.

==Principal stops==
{{:List of Isle of Man railway lines and locations|transcludesection=mer}}

==Other stopping places==
[[File:MER-Ramsey.jpg|thumb|right|Winter Saloon No. 20 (1899) at Ramsey Plaza Station in the austerity livery in June 2005]]

In addition to official stations which appear on the timetables, there are also a number of unofficial stopping points and request stops, more recently denoted by the addition of "bus stop" style signs during the late 1990s; prior to this the halts were not demarcated on the line. These can be found along the line at such locations as the former holiday camp at Howstrake, the Liverpool Arms (Halfway House, now known as Balladromma Beg) and Ballure Road. This is not an exhaustive list of every stopping point on the line, however. Trams may stop at virtually any point on the line{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} and double track operation ensures that collisions are avoided. There are crossing points along the line, primarily at the timetabled stopping points, though many are now disused.

==References==
* {{cite book|author=Mike Goodwyn|title=Manx Electric|publisher=Platform Five|year=1993|isbn=978-1-872524-52-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Keith Pearson|title=100 Years Of Manx Electric Railway|publisher=Leading Edge|year=1992|isbn=0-948135-38-7}}
* {{cite book|author=Robert Hendry|title=Manx Electric Album|publisher=Hillside Publishing|year=1978|isbn=0-9505933-0-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Norman Jones|title=Isle Of Man Tramways|publisher=Foxline Publishing|year=1994|isbn=1-870119-32-0}}

==Sources==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080916212555/http://www.mers.org.im/merstoppingplaces.htm Manx Electric Railway Stopping Places] (2002) Manx Electric Railway Society
* [http://www.island-images.co.uk/Rail/MER/zElectric.html Island Images: Manx Electric Railway Pages] (2003) Jon Wornham
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090707011008/http://www.gov.im/tourism/attractions/railways/electric_attract.xml Official Tourist Department Page] (2009) Isle Of Man Heritage Railways

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manx Electric Railway stations}}
[[Category:Railway stations in the Isle of Man| ]]
[[Category:Manx Electric Railway|Stations]]

Castletown railway station

2025-06-15T11:26:28Z

5.253.76.1: /* External links */

{{short description|Station on the Isle of Man}}
{{no footnotes|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Castletown Railway Station
| native_name = ''Stashoon Raad-Yiarn Valley Chashtal''
| native_name_lang = gv
| type = [[Isle of Man Railway|The Isle of Man Railway Co., Ltd.]]
| image = Castletown Railway Station.png
| image_caption =
| address = Station Road, Off Victoria Road, Castletown, Isle of Man, IM9 1EF.
| coordinates = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid]] 54°04′44″N 4°38′58″
| line = [[Isle of Man Railway stations|Port Erin (South) Line]] Between [[Douglas railway station|Douglas]] & [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin]]
| structure =
| platform = [[Railway platform|Two, Raised Half-Height]] [[Railway platform|One Goods]] & [[Railway platform|One Livestock]]
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = [[Rail tracks|Two Running Lines, Passing Loop]] [[Siding (rail)|Two Sidings (Goods & Livestock)]]
| opened = 1 August 1874
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| closed = 1965-1966 (Railway Closed) 1967-2000 (Seasonally) 2001-2002 (Short-Line Working) 2003-Date (Seasonally)
| rebuilt = 1901 - Canopy & Veranda Added 1902 - Goods Shed Rebuilt 1910 - Livestock Platform Added 1993 - Canopy Removed 1994 - Restored & Reopened 2016 - Souvenir Shop Created 2022 - Replica Hoarding Erected 2024 - Anniversary Plaque Erected
| accessible =
| code =
| owned = [[Isle of Man Government]] [[Department of Infrastructure (Isle of Man)|Department of Infrastructure]]
| services = Patrons' Toilets, Waiting Room, Booking Facilities, Historic Displays, Railwayana Dioramas, Gift Shop, Model Railway Exhibition, Advertisement Hoarding
| mpassengers = 1874-Date Goods, Freight & Livestock 1874-1965 Container ("Mantainor") Traffic 1967-1968 Bus Replacement (Schools) 2012-2013
}}

'''Castletown Railway Station''' ([[Manx language|Manx]]: ''Stashoon Raad Yiarn Valley Chashtal'') is an intermediate [[railway station|station]] on the [[Isle of Man Railway]] on the [[Isle of Man]] forming part of sole remaining section of the once extensive network that operated across the island. The station is the busiest of the railway's intermediate stations, being the closest to a number of local visitor attractions. In peak season service trains often pass here, making the station one of the railway's more active stopping places. The station occupies a site within walking distance of the main town and is in close proximity to the local playing fields.

==Origins==
[[File:Castletown-map.jpg|thumb|left]]
This is an original station on the [[Isle of Man Railway]] situated on the north-eastern edge of the town of [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]]. When the railway was first constructed the town had until ten years previously been the island's capital and therefore a substantial station was provided. Although the most extensive intermediate stopping place on the line, it remains some distance from the town itself, being a brisk ten-minute walk to the centre of the town. One of the railway's considerations was originally to terminate at this station, but plans were made to extend the line so that the terminus would be on the quayside. These never came to fruition and the site of today's station is the original one. The size of the station site and associated buildings can be attributed to the town's importance as the capital of the island and seat of parliament until 1869 when Douglas was made the capital. In the intervening time there has been much development of residential areas so that today the station is considered to be in the town itself. In more recent times the town's close proximity to the island's only airport has ensured that it remains a busy residential and commercial area, being the nearest built-up area to the runways. Until 1967 the station was the closest to the airport, but the establishment of [[Ronaldsway railway station|Ronaldsway Halt]] in that year effectively gave a more convenient place to alight for potential commuters.

==Location==
[[File:'The Square' Castletown - geograph.org.uk - 152348.jpg|thumb|left|The historic market square, parade and George Hotel with the [[Smelt Monument]] at its centre, a short walk from the station]]
Despite the town's importance (it served as the island's capital until 1869, just five years before the railway's arrival) the railway station is some distance from the centre of the town, at the north-easterly side. The railway company considered many various alternative sites for the station before settling upon the location; a cursory view of a map of the line reveals that between the preceding station ([[Ballasalla railway station|Ballasalla]]) and the following one ([[Ballabeg (IoMR) railway station|Ballabeg]]) the line deviates considerably from its course. Despite this, the station has always been one of the most active on the line, providing a source of much freight and goods traffic over the years. Since the station was established the town has spread considerably to the extent that today is surrounded along one side by both residential and industrial premises, including a petrol station and car sales establishment. The main attractions of the town are a short walk from the station, an approximate five-minute walk from the station along the bank of the Silverburn River leading to the heart of the town which surrounds the inner harbour. The town itself was considered to be second only to Douglas in importance to the island; with its bustling harbour and active agricultural scene, the station's importance remained until the final days of operation with livestock being transported from the station's cattle dock (the remains of which are still visible today) until the final year the railway operated its full network in 1965, although the line did reopen to passengers only later. Close to the station are the local primary school at Victoria Road, the medical centre in the Sandfield Complex, the local Morton Hall, and Qualtrough's Timber Yard, all in walking distance.

==Structures==
[[File:Castletown Station Detail.JPG|thumb|right|Period details on the platform provided by the ''Friends Of...'' volunteer group to enhance the historic structure during operational periods.]]
[[File:Castletown Goods Shed & Wagon.JPG|thumb|right|Sentinel steam wagon outside the goods shed during one of the ''Rush Hour'' weekend events commonly held across the Easter period until 2019.]]
[[File:Castletown Water Tower.JPG|thumb|right|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.4 ''Loch'']]taking water at the station while on special duties with the ''Nationwide Express'', one of several themed and charter trains which the station serves on a regular basis.]]
[[File:Castletown Waiting Room.jpg|thumb|right|The restored waiting room at the station is the focal point of the building and is tended to by the ''Friends Of...'' volunteers regularly who provided all the display materials, ornaments and photographic materials.]]

===Station Building===
When the line opened in 1874 this station was furnished with a stone structure built in the distinctive grey limestone found at nearby Scarlett Pointon, (the original station at [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin]] was of identical design but construction was of local slate). The floor plan was an enlarged version of the wooden buildings used elsewhere on the Port Erin Line at [[Santon railway station|Santon]], [[Ballasalla railway station|Ballasalla]] and [[Colby railway station|Colby]]; by the turn of the century it became apparent that this was insufficient for the requirements of this busy town and the station building was enlarged in 1903 to its present design. Facilities were improved considerably and the structure housed a station master's office, toilets and general and ladies waiting rooms. This was followed by the addition of a canopy and veranda (the latter lost in 1956) to the station building in 1910 to provide additional passenger shelter.

===Goods Shed===
The station was provided with a timber second class goods shed upon the opening in 1874, believed to be similar in construction to those elsewhere on the system; by the turn of the twentieth century it became apparent that the town was an important location for import of goods so, in 1902 a new stone-built structure with red brick quoins and detailing was constructed, identical to that provided at Port St. Mary. This featured rail access at both ends as well as doors at both rail and platform level and an exterior loading bank at the northern end. Until 1994 the rear siding at the station also extended far beyond its current limit, also serving the current car park and rear platform-height doors, this was removed in order to create additional car parking. This saw much use until the decline of the 1960s and later saw use as a camping hostel before returning to railway use in 2008 by which time a permanent way team were based there. Today the structure is used only for storage and is occasionally open to the public as part of railway events annually, when it is used to store goods stock and road vehicles. It became a listed structure in 2008.

===Water Tower===
Established in the earliest years of the railway, the original water tower at the station was constructed of local limestone, again quarried from nearby Scarlett Point and was fed from a well beneath it by means of a hand pump in the tank house beneath the tank itself. This was demolished in 1978 and owing to the depth of the well the majority of stonework was emptied into the hole as rubble, while some was retained to provide edging for new lawns and flower beds. It was not replaced until 1999 when the station served as a temporary terminus during short line workings. The new tank is of metal framed construction and is served by mains water; this facility is still used in conjunction with charter services, notably when No. 8 ''Fenella'' is used, having smaller side tanks which require replenishing more frequently, or when ''Ultimate Driving Experience'' trains call at the station. The current tank is sited to the south-west of the original.

===Restoration Work===
The station was extensively renovated in the winter of 1993/1994. A new peaked roof was constructed over the gentlemen's toilets, and the old wooden canopy removed and window apertures converted into archways. At this time the station master's office was halved in size to create a booking hall and a new internal ticket hatch installed, the original being blocked off the waiting room was also reopened, having been closed for over 30 years. The overhauled station was reopened with suitable ceremony later that year by local politician Phil Kermode who at the time was the minister with responsibility for the railway. During the winter of 2012 the partition in the booking hall was removed, recreating the full sized office, and the fireplace reinstated; the original ticket hatch was also brought back into use. In the summer months the station building is adorned with flower baskets and period features such as milk churns (a nod to the station's former importance for handling goods and freight traffic), reproduction notice boards and enamelled signage reinstated on the exterior walls based upon period photographs. This work was carried out by the ''Friends Of...'' group.

==Displays==
[[File:IMR-Loco-7.jpg|thumb|right|The frames and bunker of locomotive [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.7 ''Tynwald'']] on display on the loading platform; these are now off-island]]
[[File:Triskelion at Castletown Station.JPG|thumb|right|The station's distinctive triskelion during restoration; this was once at [[Peel Road railway station|Peel Road Station]] on the [[Manx Northern Railway]]]]
[[File:Union mills station may 2003.jpg|thumb|right|The railway's breakdown [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|No.1 Breakedown Crane]], formerly on display at the station, now plinthed on the site of [[Union Mills railway station|Union Mills Station]]]]
[[File:Imr-ctown sign.jpg|thumb|right|The forecourt signage at the entrance to the site featuring the [[Isle of Man Railway|Railway Company]] crest with historically recreated lettering.]]
[[File:Imr-ct-hoard.jpg|thumb|right|The replica advertisement hoarding at the station shortly after completion of its promotional signage for ''Bushy's Brewery''.]]

===Locomotive Frames===
The former goods shed exterior loading platform became the home in 1985 to the remaining component frames of the railway company's 1880 locomotive [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.7 ''Tynwald'']] for display purposes, although many major components were by that time scrapped; the display consisted of the main frames, cylinders, coal bunker, with a set of carriage wheels substituting for the pony truck. The locomotive had not been used in traffic since 1947 and was purchased by the group in 1978 following the nationalisation of the railway, to save it from scrap. The frames were initially stored at Ballasalla Station, later being removed to Santon Station before being relocated here. They were owned by the now-defunct Isle Of Man Railways & Tramways Preservation Society, and for a period they were moved to off-site storage before being returned to the goods platform in the autumn of 2009 only to depart again in 2012 due to issues with railway's management and the owners. They now reside on the [[Southwold Railway]] in Suffolk and await restoration. There is currently nothing displayed on the platform although the ''Friends Of...'' group have future plans.

===Triskelion===

Also at the station, to the side of the goods shed in a gravelled raised section of the lawn is a large cast concrete [[Triskelion]] or ''Legs Of Mann'' at platform level, painted in a yellow and red colour scheme. It is believed that this piece was relocated from the long-closed stopping place at Peel Road on the Ramsey Line, and was relocated at some point prior to the closure of these other lines in 1968, and prior to 1975 when the Peel Road site was cleared. This feature originally had a gravel surround which was later replaced with grass. In 2012 the ''Friends Of...'' group restored the item, repainting it to a golden colour scheme with red gravelled surround to mimic the colourings on the [[Flag of the Isle of Man|national flag]] though it returned to its more familiar red, yellow and black setting in the spring of 2016. Originally the feature also had a large circular surround although this was beyond repair to be removed from the original site.

===Other Items===

On the rear goods siding, one of the railway's three breakdown cranes was stored for a number of years, being removed in 1991 and subsequently restored and placed on display at [[Union Mills railway station|Union Mills]] on the site of the former railway station. This crane was constructed in 1893 by the Birmingham-based firm Richard C. Gibbins. Inside the station's waiting room are several framed displays charting various historical aspects of the railway featuring old photographs, framed tickets, maps and other historical documentation relating to the earliest days of the railway. A headboard commemorating the centenary of the adjacent Poulsom Park in 1996 is also mounted on the wall above the fireplace, several other pieces of ephemera are available to view at the station. For many years, there also featured large advertisement hoardings lining the down platform but these were removed in 1974 having become unsafe. An original signal windlass constructed by the Birmingham company A.J. Linley & Co., was also displayed on the up platform for many years, a similar version is extant and used to operate the unique slotted post semaphore signal which protects the station's southerly side.

===Advertisement Hoarding===
The ''Friends Of...'' volunteer group were successful in obtaining planning permission in 2016 to erect a replica advertisement hoarding up the up platform on the site and with fund from ''Culture Vannin'' began works shortly thereafter; after a number of setbacks, not least of which the various lockdowns during the Covid-19 pandemic, the large timber baulks were installed in early 2022 and as the season progressed further fundraising was achieved so that the remaining timber could be sourced and delivered to the site; by mid-September work began on erecting the hoarding itself with a view to completion in readiness for the railway's south line 150th anniversary in 2024 and with sponsorship from ''Bushy's Brewery'' secured it was completed in time for the plaque unveiling and community event on 2 August, anniversary day itself.

==Poulsom Park==
[[File:Poulsom park.jpg|thumb|left|The children's play area in Poulsom Park, the station lies above this play area, secreted by the large trees to the rear right of this view; the park also has rugby fields, a skatepark, zip-line and pathways]]
To the northeasterly side of the station lies this park, provided and funded by a generous benefactor to the town and being established at around the same time as the railway and it is from this benefactor that the park takes its name; it consists of a large grassed area and is surrounded by perimeter railings within which are contained playground equipment for children and two football/rugby pitches which form the home grounds and changing rooms for the local clubs. The play equipment has been greatly improved in recent times, the standard slide and swings being replaced by a pirate ship-themed set of equipment. The park is accessed either from a wide path that passes underneath the railway at the south-western end, or via a set of steps accessed from the station platform. More recently the area has become home to a skateboard park which is viewable from the passing trains; this facility is popular with local children who use the facilities for both skate boarding and stunt bike racing. Such is the popularity of the park with travellers that it can be accessed directly from the line's northbound platform; the area is a popular site for campers in the summer months as well as being home to the local football and rugby teams who regularly play matches there. The brick-built changing rooms and club house facilities for the rugby team are located at the northern end of the park, close the skatepark. A macadam pathway around the perimeter of the play park, and sporting fields is a popular with walkers and a regular'' Walk & Talk'' event takes place here. In more recent times the park has been plagued by vandalism which has resulted in the installation of closed circuit television cameras to monitor and apprehend culprits.

==Filming==
===''[[Oswald Wynd|The Ginger Tree]]''===
As part of a major adaptation of the [[Oswald Wynd]] novel in 1988 the station was used to film exterior scenes, together with several other locations on the line, which doubled for Russia during the revolution. The recessed canopy was dressed with luggage and artificial snow for numerous linking scenes, and locomotive No. 11 ''Maitland'' was memorably repainted into a matt black colour scheme as part of the filming, a scheme it retained for the remainder of that season. Much of the location work was filmed during the hours of darkness and the scenes shot at the station do not feature a train although one was present. At the present time the series has not been repeated nor is it available in any home media format. The production was made by the BBC.

===''[[Thomas and the Magic Railroad|Thomas & The Magic Railroad]]''===
The live-action film version of Thomas The Tank Engine was partially filmed at the station, forming the basis of ''Shining Time Station'' (itself a variation of the series screened in the U.S.) in the story and the building and its environs were considerably disguised for this purpose, with a temporary canopy being built in the place where the original had once stood; whilst being a temporary structure this canopy looked remarkably similar to the original which had been demolished some seven years previously. The distinctive limestone station building was completely encased in wooden cladding and finished in a brown and cream colour scheme for the duration. Between the filming the production company provided their own style station nameboards which were erected between shots for the convenience of passengers, the railway remaining operational throughout the period of filming. The goods shed was disguised as the local Cooperative Store and period cars and set dressings were featured in the station. Some of the scenes shot featuring [[Alec Baldwin]] (the 1st station master), [[Michael E. Rodgers]] (the 2nd station master) and [[Peter Fonda]] (the grandfather) were shot at this location. The railway was used extensively during filming, with Port St. Mary goods shed being transformed into a workshop for the purpose and other island locations were also used including the Tynwald Hill Inn at St. John's. The locomotives and carriages were however not featured in the finished motion picture.

===''[[Five Children and It (film)|Five Children & It]]''===
The station was again used for filming in 2005 when a live-action version of the [[E. Nesbit|Edith Nesbit]] story was filmed on the island, particularly in and around the town. For this, a temporary canopy was reinstated along the frontage of the station in a similar position to the original, and this remained in place through the majority of the peak season. the canopy was fitted with replica decorate fascia boards to match in with the extant versions. The film starred local resident [[Sir Norman Wisdom]] and the creature was voiced by [[Eddie Izzard]]. Scenes at the station retained the name of Castletown which are clearly discernable in the finished film. Upon completion of filming a number of smaller period props were retained at the station.

===''[[James May's Toy Stories]]''===
During June 2014 an episode of this series was filmed on the island as part of the T.T. races when a motorcycle constructed entirely of Meccano was driven around the famous mountain circuit. As part of the filming [[Oz Clarke]] took a footplate ride on locomotive No. 10 ''G.H. Wood'' alighting at the station where linking footage of the train and its crew was filmed.

===''[[Great British Railway Journeys|Great Coastal Railway Journeys]]''===
In September 2021 a film crew visited the railway with former politician [[Michael Portillo]] to film and episode of the upcoming series on coastal railway journeys and briefly alighted at the station which was featured in the episode; filming also took place at Douglas, Port St. Mary and Port Erin while the episode also featured the electric railway at Groudle Glen and a number of other heritage locations on the island as well as a visit to Tynwald Court.

==Timetabling==
[[File:Isle-of-mann-timetable1972.jpg|thumb|The 1972 timetable when the line was marketed as the ''Isle of Mann Victorian Steam Railway'' by the Marquess of Ailsa, then operator, showing three variants on the timetable of which only the third saw trains crossing at Castletown as denoted by the "X" beside the times; the station was however still staffed throughout.]]
[[File:Exchange of tokens at Castletown - geograph.org.uk - 5787429.jpg|thumb|right|The traditional exchanging of single line staffs is still observed at the station, here the driver of No.13 ''Kissack'' swaps staffs with the other (southbound) train. The railway continues to operate the traditional Staff & Ticket system which has been in place since the line's earliest days of service.]]
[[File:Castletown, Isle of Man - panoramio (42).jpg|thumb|right|Showing the long passing loop at the station with Love Lane Bridge at the north-western extremity of the yard; the loop is capable of carrying two twelve-carriage trains and on its southern side has a spur serving the former goods yard; points are sprung in favour of left-hand running, common practice at remaining open stations.]]
[[File:But honest I did have a ticket - geograph.org.uk - 5794674.jpg|thumb|right|Northbound train headed by No.8 ''Fenella'' awaiting the arrival of the other service in a common scene at the station as the stationmaster engages with a passenger]]

===1874-1965===
Since the establishment of the line in 1874 the station has been one of the key passing places for trains; timetable issues were usually released four times a year to coincide with seasonal traffic, with notably reduced winter services from the early 1960s when the railway-owned Road Services buses shouldered some services. From November 1965 the railway announced its closure for "essential track maintenance" but no services operated in 1966 at all and the station closed.

===1967-1974===
With the reopening of the line by the Marquis of Ailsa in June 1967, the station reopened, but later than the remainder of the network; owing to gas mains being laid beneath the track further south it served as the temporary terminus in 1967 with the full line reinstated in 1968, when it again resumed use as an occasional passing place. The station was also used for the delivery and dispatch of the short lived ''Mantainor'' scheme during this period. The Marquis took his five year option at the close of the 1971 season and the Railway Company resumed operation, marking the centenary in 1974.

===1975-1977===
In 1975 the railway only operated between Castletown and Port Erin so it acted as a temporary terminus; this was as a cost cutting experiment but was deemed to be failure not serving the capital. The following year saw services extended to Ballasalla which again proved unsuccessful, so in 1977 the full line reopened (with government subsidy from the then Tourist Board), again seeing Castletown again regularly used as a passing place.

===1978-1999===
The railway was nationalised in 1978 and from May that year began to be operated by the Manx Electric Railway Board, later becoming the Isle of Man Passenger Transport Board which also had responsibility for the bus services. The station continued to be manned and used to cross trains on a daily basis in season. It was not until 1987 that a Saturday service was operated however.

===2000-2002===
During major track work between 2000 and 2002 it again served as a temporary terminus. With work being carried out southwest of the station in 1967 it again acted as temporary terminus, and no trains operated in 1966 following cessation of Railway Company operations. Prior to this it was open throughout the year, though latterly the winter services were limited and occasionally substituted with bus services. Being a main hub on the south line the station remained open throughout the year though other smaller rural halts were not always kept open away from the peak season. A number of staff members were full time to deal with bookings, parcels, livestock, passing of trains and miscellaneous duties. It was common for the railway to issue a number of printed timetables throughout the year, with a short winter service, early spring, peak season, late season and autumn schedules prevailing. Provided with a long passing loop capable of holding twelve bogie vehicles on each side the station saw regular use for passing of trains as well as marshalling of goods stock in the two sidings, one of which remains connected to the goods shed, while the other was temporarily lifted in 2020 to allow for drainage work.

===2003-2008===
With the completion of drainage works and infrastructure replacement the full line reopened with due ceremony in May of 2003 and the station again became one of two regular passing places; services reverted to their common seasonal pattern between Easter and October to a regular standard timetable of four trains in each direction between the selected dates, the second returns of the day passing at Castletown and the remainder at Ballasalla.

===2009-2014===
In 2009 a new letter-coded timetable has been in place which saw trains passing at Ballasalla daily throughout the season with generally runs between the start of March and end of October annually, this being designated "R" (pink) in schedules with a more intensive "S" (blue) timetable and other variations subject to demand and events.

===2015-2019===
Since 2015 Castletown has been used for the passing of all timetabled services following the closure and un-staffing of c with services every two hours on the standard schedule at XX:27, increasing to every hour and a half on peak days with additional trains.

===2020-2021===
In 2020 the season commenced as scheduled but in the second week of operations the island was placed on lockdown owing to the Covid-19 pandemic and services did not resume until July, albeit to a curtailed timetable, continuing until early November. In 2021 services did operate for the same reason, a shortened season beginning in July and continuing until the traditional end of October. The station however did remain periodically open during the closure periods for the sale and top-up of bus travel cards, observing all social distancing measures accordingly.

===2022-Date===
Following the coronavirus disruptions all services have reverted to their 2019 timings and trains have commenced in the middle of March, continuing until early November, though in shoulder season it is usual for there to be no services on Tuesdays and Wednesdays in March, April, early May and October/November. In both 2023 and 2024 special timetables were operated on key dates to tie in with the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary events, the latter notably seeing [[Ballasalla railway station|Ballasalla Station]] reopened for just one day. The 2025 season commenced on 20 March and will continue until 2 November.

==Events==
[[File:Castletown Station At War.JPG|thumb|left|During one of the popular [[1940s|''Island At War'']] weekend events in August 2012, for which all traces of modernity are hidden or removed for atmosphere]]
[[File:Tinseltown.JPG|thumb|left|The station and its large goods shed after overnight snowfall, dressed as [[Christmas|''Tinseltown'']] for the annual festive services in December 2012]]
[[File:Southern 100 2010 IMG 0704.JPG|thumb|left|[[Southern 100|''Southern "100"'']] racing which takes place annually on the nearby [[Billown Circuit]] at Malew Road bridge under which the line passes]]
[[File:Carol singing in the square, Castletown, Isle of Man - geograph.org.uk - 297939.jpg|thumb|left|The historic [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Market Square]], which is a short walk from the station, with traditional [[Christmas]] carol singers in attendance]]
[[File:Victoria Road, Castletown - geograph.org.uk - 153368.jpg|thumb|left|Outside the entrance on Victoria Road is the area known as "The Triangle" between ''The Sidings'' and ''The Viking'' free houses]]
[[File:Castletown, Isle of Man - panoramio (38).jpg|thumb|left|A quiet time between trains looking southwest from the down platform in April 2011 showing the ''Friends Of...'' flower bed and flagstaff]]
[[File:Locomotive no. 10 approaching Castletown station - geograph.org.uk - 5458065.jpg|thumb|left|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.10 ''G.H. Wood'']] at the station in July 2013 wearing the spring green colour scheme with a ''Manx National Week'' banner]]
[[File:Trains crossing at Castletown - geograph.org.uk - 5038133.jpg|thumb|left|The familiar sight of trains passing with [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.12 ''Hutchinson'']] and [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.13 ''Kissack'']] in July 2016; all scheduled services now pass here]]
[[File:MNR No 4 Caledonia at Castletown railway station - 1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|M.N.Ry. No.4 ''Caledonia'']] running round her train at the station with one of the popular ''Ultimate Driving Experience'' trains in July 2019]]
[[File:Imr-pass-ctown.jpg|thumb|left|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.4 ''Loch'']] passing [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.13 ''Kissack'']] during the shortened 2021 season owing to Covid-19 restrictions on the island when a limited service was operated.]]
[[File:Imr-ct-plaque2024.jpg|thumb|left|The commemorative blue plaque provided by ''Castletown Heritage'' marking the 150th anniversary unveiled by former [[Chief minister of the Isle of Man|Chief Minister]] [[Tony Brown (Manx politician)|Tony Brown]] on 2 August 2024.]]

===[[British Royal Train|The Royal Train]] (1972)===
On 2 August 1972 members of the Royal Family boarded a special train at the station accompanied by dignitaries and officers of the Railway Company; accompanying [[Elizabeth II|Her Majesty The Queen]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] were three of their children, [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]], [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York|Prince Andrew]] and [[Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex|Prince Edward]] as well as [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]]. They were introduced to key members of staff by lieutenant governor [[Peter Stallard]], including the chairman William Lambden, chief engineer Donald Shaw and the locomotive crew and train staff. The train was hauled by No.13 ''Kissack'' and the party travelled in Royal Saloon F.36 (now on display in the [[Isle of Man Railway Museum]] in Port Erin) into [[Douglas railway station|Douglas Station]], passing No.4 ''Loch'' where it was acting as standby locomotive. This represented only the second time the railway had conveyed royalty, the first being [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|The Queen Mother]] who travelled on the Peel Line in 1963 using the same carriage by hauled by No.11 ''Maitland''. On arrival in the capital Her Majesty also travelled on the [[Douglas Bay Horse Tramway]] riding tramcar No.44 which thereafter became known as the Royal Tram, painted in a patriotic red, white and blue scheme for the occasion.

===[[1940s|''Island At War'']] (2010-2019)===
Beginning in 2010 the station has taken part in an annual event, usually held on the third weekend of August, as part of a wartime recreation weekend staged by the railway. The station building and goods shed are dressed with period posters and memorabilia, with all traces of modern signage and additions being removed or concealed for the duration of the event. Anti-shatter tape is applied to the windows and historical recreation groups attend the site adding to the period atmosphere; themed music is played on the station's public address system and various music groups also attend throughout the weekend entertaining around the station site. At previous events there have also been stagings of un-exploded bombs, sandbag bunkers, field hospitals and other period dioramas. This weekend is one of the busiest of each season and attracts both locals and visitors. Local groups of scouts also attend the site, camping on the concourse and providing period foodstuffs such as rabbit stew to passengers. Similar events are staged of several other stations along the line during this event, notably at either termini at [[Douglas railway station|Douglas]] and [[Port Erin railway station|Port Erin]] . In recent times similar themed events have also taken place at [[Cregneash|Cregneash Folk Museum]] operated by [[Manx National Heritage]] for which a shuttle bus service has been operated from [[Port St Mary railway station|Port St. Mary]].

===[[Christmas|As ''Tinseltown'']] (2010-2013)===
In December 2010 the station was renamed for the first time as ''Tinseltown''; this was carried out when it was used as the terminus for the railway's popular annual Santa Trains for the first time; these seasonal services had previously been terminated at [[Santon railway station|Santon Station]] for many years. As part of a new initiative operated by [[Manx National Heritage]], the local authority [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown Commissioners]] and the railway the revamped services saw trains bring passengers to the station on an hourly basis for a short shuttle bus ride to [[Castle Rushen]] where [[Santa's workshop|Santa's Grotto]] was located in addition to traditional market stalls, fairground rides, an enchanted forest walk and snow machine. For these services the station was decorated with festive lights and music played, and adding to the festive feel of the station several of the services took place following an unusually heavy snowfall that blanketed the island in December 2010. As part of the experience the unusual step of allowing buses into the relatively small station car park was permitted and the ''Tinseltown Shuttle'' departed at regular intervals, echoing the latter years of Railway Company operation when Road Services buses called at the station at regular intervals when the rail-based services were restricted during the winter months. This theme and use of the station as a terminus was repeated in 2011 and 2012; in 2013 the grotto was based in the station's office; the decision was taken to revert festive services to [[Santon railway station|Santon Station]] in 2014.

===[[2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|Commonwealth Youth Games]] (2011)===
On Monday, 12 September 2011, the station played host to the official parties connected with the [[2011 Commonwealth Youth Games]] with the "culture day" prior to the closing ceremony of the event taking place in the town; to accommodate the vast numbers travelling on this occasion passenger services on the railway were suspended for the day whilst the competitors and officials were transported by rail to the station. The event has been a fixture of the sporting calendar taking place every four years since the inaugural event which took place in [[Edinburgh, Scotland|Edinburgh]] in the year 2000 and the 2011 event was the first time that the island has hosted the event. The event is designed as a small-scale version of the [[Commonwealth Games]] aimed at children and young people; past hosts have included [[Bendigo]] in [[Australia]] and [[Pune]] in [[India]]. The event saw the railway coping with its largest crowd on a single day for what may possibly be the first time since the annual influx of passengers on [[Tynwald Day]] ceased to be a major part in the railway's calendar after the [[Isle of Man Railway|Peel Line]] closed in 1968 when the railway stopped serving the village of [[St John's, Isle of Man|St. John's]] where the outdoor ceremony is still held on 5 July each year. For the 2011 event, every serviceable steam locomotive on the railway was used (No. 4 ''Loch'', No. 10 ''G.H. Wood'', No. 12 ''Hutchinson'' and No. 13 ''Kissack'' all seeing service) together with all available coaches, which totalled 18 bogie carriages - the first time this number of coaches had been available since 1974 - including three newly refurbished coaches all of which are over one hundred years old. Once competitors arrived at the station they were transferred to the town square by four [[Wright Eclipse Gemini]] buses provided by the island's nationalised [[Bus Vannin]] arm of the transport division. All competitors attended specially prepared events at [[Castle Rushen]] before returning to the capital by rail.

=== [[Southern 100|For ''Southern 100'' Ceremony]] (2015)===
With ongoing regeneration works in the town's historic market square at the time of the event, the organisers of the [[Southern 100]] motorcycle races held the closing ceremony and prize presentation for the 2015 outside the station; the road was cordoned off from Victoria Road to the station forecourt and a temporary dais installed on the approach lawn to the station to allow the event to take place. Several hundred people attended the event, which may become an annual sight at the station, and the ''Friends Of'' group provided refreshments. As part of the 2015 event the races marked their diamond jubilee resulting in record crowds attending the ceremony, at which [[Guy Martin]] was hailed as the overall winner, being a long-time supporter of the event, which is known widely as the "friendly races". Since this time the area immediately outside the station (known as "the triangle" between the two hostelries The Sidings and The Viking) has been used for a number of open-air events in conjunction with local events, notably a music venue in the summer of 2021.

===[[Christmas|Christmas Terminus]] (2013-Date)===
Each December since 2013 the railway's dining train has operated regularly with a range of festive meal options and the majority of these services use the station as a terminus for both daytime and evening trains; the station is fitted with colourful festoon lighting and decorations are provided by the ''Friends Of...'' volunteer group each December and into January when it is common for afternoon tea, brunch and commuter services to call prior to the closure for maintenance.

===Renamed [[Isle of Man Railway level crossings and points of interest|Ballavolley Halt]] (2015)===
During the 2015 Manx Heritage Transport Festival some of the stations along the route of the extant Port Erin Line were renamed as former stations of the [[Manx Northern Railway]] with Castletown being designated as Wild Life Park on 1 August 2015 only. The station's running in boards were covered with plastic signs denoting this, with selected other useful signage for passengers being removed for the duration of the event. One locomotive, No. 10 ''G.H. Wood'' was also temporarily renamed to appear as No. 5 ''Mona'' during the day, with other stations taking on dual roles, Port Erin becoming Ramsey and Douglas becoming St. John's; the request stops at both [[Level railway station|The Level]] and [[Ronaldsway railway station|Ronaldsway Halt]] were not renamed, with bin liners covering the running in boards at these sites. The original halt at Ballavolley opened during the summer of 1965 upon the establishment of the Wild Life Park, consisting of a simple running in board and ground level grassed platform. It was again used during the brief reopening of the Ramsey Line 1967, taking its name from the nearby level crossing (the gatehouse of which remains extant today), being named "Ballavolley Halt - For Wild Life Park" rather than the "Wildlife Park" title used during the reenactment.

===During [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid Pandemic]] (2020-2021)===
Despite the railway closing during lockdown in March 2020, the station remained open as a selling point for [[Bus Vannin]] "Go Card" top-ups and retail requirements; following a relaxation of restrictions the railway itself reopened in July 2020 and remained operational five days a week until the close of the season as scheduled on 1 November, whereafter the station again closed for the winter, being used a destination for various festive dining services throughout December. A second island lockdown took effect on 7 January 2021 and the following day the station's ticket office was once again reopened for [[Bus Vannin]] sales, the railway itself remaining closed during this period; the lockdown was lifted on 19 April and the station closed until the season commenced on 27 May. A limited timetable operated for the first few weeks of the season.

===[[Isle of Man Railway|The 150th Anniversary]] (2024)===
Celebrated at the end of July and beginning of August 2024 to coincide with the actual anniversary date of 2nd August, the volunteer ''Friends Of...'' group commissioned a blue heritage plaque with support and funding from Castletown Heritage for erection on the building at a ceremony on the anniversary date; the structure is the sole surviving example from the line's inception, with a timber example remaining at [[Santon railway station|Santon Station]] dating from 1875. Commemorations took place as part of the larger ''Manx Heritage Transport Festival'' focussing on locomotives [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.4 ''Loch'']] and [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.5 ''Mona'']], both built for the opening of the line, the latter being cosmetically restored by the [[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] for the 2023 celebrations and displayed on the site for the day together with the [[Isle of Man Railway Rolling Stock|Foxdale Coach]] and [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.24 ''Betsy'']] and [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.25 ''Sprout'']]. The plaque was unveiled by former [[Chief minister of the Isle of Man|Chief Minister]] and president of the ''Friends Of...'' group. [[Tony Brown (Manx politician)|Tony Brown]].

==School Hill Station==
[[File:School Hill Platform.JPG|thumb|right|The temporary signage on the scaffold platform which was provided in the "house" style with bilingual lettering, ''Cronk-E-Schoil'' being translated from the [[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]] as other signs.]]
Opened during strike action taken by employees of ''Bus Vannin'' during 2012, this temporary station was located approximately three-quarters of a mile to the south-west of the station and was used only by local school children attending Castle Rushen High School; it consisted of temporary scaffolding platform with a capacity for five carriages, and operated only when the buses were on strike, at which times special trains replaced the bus service. It was located close to the start-finish line of the ''Southern 100'' circuit and was removed after a considerable time out of use in April 2014. This was the first "new" station on the line since the halt serving Lough Ned Country Park (between Douglas and Port Soderick) was established in 1979; this however was closed in 1986 upon the demise of the park. School Hill was fitted with a vinyl banner as a station running-in board in the current house style, featuring bilingual titling. When in operation the halt was staffed by a station attendant and control of it was via internal radio communication with the station. It was also used during two of the railway's ''Rush Hour'' events when a recreation [[Manx Northern Railway]] train consisting of [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|M.N.Ry. No.4 ''Caledonia'']] and [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|The Foxdale Coach]] briefly stopped there for photographic opportunities. Today there is no trace of the temporary on the site.

==Environs==
[[File:Steam Railway, Castletown - geograph.org.uk - 157772.jpg|thumb|left|[[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|No.10 ''G.H. Wood'']] on ''Pumphouse Curve'' (or "K&L Curve" after a garden centre which one occupied the site) is immediately to the southwest of the station; a train heads towards [[Isle of Man Railway level crossings and points of interest|Mill Road Crossing]]; ''The Engine House'' shared office space is to the right.]]
To the immediate north of the station is a stone-built footbridge which provide pedestrian access from the adjacent Poulsom Park to the privately owned [[King William's College]] which is known as ''Love Lane Bridge'' allegedly owing to assignations between college students and those at the nearby Buchan School; the railway passes underneath this structure. The south-westerly extent of the station sees the line pass over the Silverburn River by means of stone overbridge also constructed from local limestone; an occupational crossing titled [[Isle of Man Railway level crossings and points of interest|Mill Road]] is beyond, being controlled by the station by automatic barriers. Until 2001 this was a staffed crossing and the gatekeepers' hut remains extant although disused. From this point the railway runs parallel to the by-pass road next to the route of the [[2009 Southern 100 Races|Southern 100]] motorcycle racing circuit. In the station forecourt there are two public houses, namely ''The Viking'' (built as the ''Castletown Hotel'') to the left and ''The Sidings'' (free house, formerly the ''Station Hotel'' and, until 2001, the ''Duck's Nest'') to the right; the current name acknowledges its close proximity to the railway station. A petrol station is located beyond these, and a car dealership whilst across the main road a sheltered housing complex is evident; the town itself, and the famous [[Castle Rushen]], are a short walk from the station along the banks of the Silverburn River which runs through the town to the harbour.

==''Friend Of...''==
[[File:Castletown railway station - geograph.org.uk - 3136455.jpg|thumb|right|The historic building in June 2012 from a passing train showing the platform area; the doorway to the left accesses the model railway exhibition provided by the ''Friends Of...'' group]]
[[File:Engine shed at Castletown - geograph.org.uk - 3137999.jpg|thumb|right|The goods shed dates from 1901 and has been considered as the home of a visitors centre by the group, pending a number of contributory factors]]
This group was formed in early 2009 by a group of local residents and the resident station master with a view to enhancing the station; small groups of volunteers occasionally meet at the station to carry out these improvements which to date have included the erection of a station flagpole (a traditional sight on many Isle of Man Railway station platforms) some painting of the station including the platform benches, provision of traditional blackboard signage to the station, and most significantly, the reinstatement of the coal fire in the waiting room for the first time in many years. The group continue to have an input to the upkeep of the station and will be donating concrete cast planters in the future for addition to the station's platforms. The group have, to date, spent many hours attending to the small details around the station, that which would not ordinarily fall under the jurisdiction of the railway's full-time staff. In 2012 the station won the commercial category of ''Castletown in Bloom'', an annual competition, and took place in the ''Hidden Gardens'' event.

One of the seasonal station masters co-ordinates all activities and he can be contacted at the office whenever trains are in operation and he is on duty, or by telephoning the station directly. The group always welcome new members and suggestions for further enhancement of the area; a number of photographic material and ephemera relating to the station have been donated since the group's formation and these can be found on display in the waiting room which is open whenever trains are running. In 2014 the group held its first ''Summer Fayre'' on the site, raising funds for various projects including the proposed reinstatement of the station's advertisement hoarding and a replica cattle dock. This was followed by an ''Easter Fayre'' in 2015 to tie in with the railway's annual ''Rush Hour'' event with a further summer event taking place in August. Since this time the summer fayre has generally taken place annually towards the end of August, though in 2024 attention focused on the 150th anniversary of the station as part of the ''Manx Heritage Transport Festival''.

===Projects===
[[File:Castletown station waiting room - geograph.org.uk - 3098689.jpg|thumb|The period waiting room which has been restored by and is maintained by the ''Friends Of...'' volunteer group who funded and installed a new multi-fuel stove and redecorated the room in the early part of 2025.]]
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Reinstatement Of Coal Fires
* Period Advertisements & Signage
* Seasonal Floral Displays ''(Ongoing)''
* Provision Of Platform Furniture
* Waiting Room Displays ''(Ongoing)''
* Hand-Painted Signs ''(Ongoing)''
* Window Railway Display ''(2014-2016)''
* Upkeep Of Platforms ''(Ongoing)''
* Addition Of Replica Advert Hoarding
* Provision Of Replacement Flagpole
* Tiling & Refitting Fire Surrounds
* Historical Interpretive Signage
* Embellishment Of Waiting Room
* Creation Of Model Room ''(Ongoing)''
* Cattle Dock Replica ''(Proposal)''
* Upkeep & Tending Lawns & Fauna
* Castletown In Bloom ''(Winner 2011)''
* Archives Display In Waiting Room
* Maintenance & Upkeep Platform Furniture
* Replica Canopy ''(Future Suggestion)''
* Regular Meetings With Management
* Masonry Water Tower ''(Suggestion)''
* Waiting Shelter Up Platform ''(Suggestion)''
* Replica Notice Boards ''(Ongoing)''
* Refreshment Facilities ''(Suggestion)''
* Remodelling Approach Road ''(Suggestion)''
* Extension Of Rear Siding ''(Suggestion)''
* Castletown In Bloom ''(Winner 2012)''
* Locomotive Display ''(Suggestion)''
* Rolling Stock Displays ''(Suggestion)''
* Goods Shed Visitors Centre ''(Suggestion)''
* Castletown In Bloom ''(Winner 2013)''
* Canopy Restoration ''(Suggestion)''
* Replica Gradient Posts ''(Suggestion)''
* Remodelling Approach Road ''(Suggestion)''
* Surface Repair Works ''(Suggestion)''

{{div col end}}

===Future===
[[File:Castletown Station - geograph.org.uk - 5360193.jpg|thumb|left|Passengers boarding a train at the northbound platform which stands adjacent to Poulsom Park and currently has no shelter]]
The group are always working on potential new projects and have identified a number which are under development; these include the reinstatement of the cattle dock in the goods yard, recreation of decorative ridge tiles to the main building, replacement of plastic downspouts with period metal versions, remodelling the approach road, development of the goods shed as a visitors centre and adding rolling stock to the displayed items. The possibility of recreating the canopy to the building has been discussed in the past, but it is the general belief that the building presently appears in largely as-built condition and the cost involved, coupled with the amended layout of the platforms in recent times, mean it is not conducive to reinstatement. A passenger waiting shelter for the opposite platform has also been considered, basing the design on the extant shelter at [[Colby railway station|Colby Station]] elsewhere on the line. This structure itself has historical providence as it was originally located at [[Braddan Bridge|Braddan Station]] on the [[Isle of Man Railway|Peel Line]] which closed in 1968 and was relocated in 1988.

==Route==

{{s-start}}
{{s-rail|title=Isle of Man Railway}}
{{rail line
|previous=[[Ballabeg railway station|Ballabeg Station]]
|next=[[Ronaldsway railway station|Ronaldsway Halt]]
|route=Port Erin Line
|col=800080}}
{{S-end}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

* [[Isle of Man Railway stations|Other Stations]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway locomotives|Locomotives]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway rolling stock|Rolling Stock]]
* [[Isle of Man Railway level crossings and points of interest|Level Crossings]]
* [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]]
* [[Old House of Keys|Old House Of Keys]]
* [[Castle Rushen]]
* [[Castletown Golf & Country Club]]
* [[Nautical museum|Nautical Museum]]
* [[King William's College]]
* [[Isle of Man Airport|Ronaldsway Airport]]
* [[Manx Aviation and Military Museum|Manx Aviation & Military Museum]]
* [[Hango Hill]]
* [[Billown Circuit]]
* [[Southern 100|Southern "100" Races]]
* [[Malew|Scarlett Visitors Centre]]
* [[Langness Peninsula]]
* [[Dreswick Point]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
<references />
* {{cite book |last1=Boyd |first1=James I. C. |title=The Isle of Man Railway. Vol. 3, An outline history of the Isle of Man Railway including the Manx Northern Railway & Foxdale Railway |date=1996 |publisher=Oakwood |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-85361-479-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Norman |title=The Isle of Man Railway |date=1993 |publisher=Foxline |location=Stockport |isbn=1-870119-22-3}}''(date uncertain)''
* {{cite book |last1=Hendry |first1=R. Powell |title=Rails In The Isle of Man : A Colour cClebration |date=1993 |publisher=Midland |location=Leicester |isbn=1-85780-009-5}}
* ''Manx Transport Kaleidoscope'' (Manx Electric Railway Society, A.M. Goodwyn, 1977-1995)
* ''Manx Steam Railway News'' ([[Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association]] 1966-2025)
* ''Friends Of Castletown Station's 150th Anniversary Guide'' (Grant L. Taylor, 2024)

== External links ==
* [https://www.castletownstation.im/home Official Website]
* [https://www.iomsrsa.org/the-railway/stations/south-line/castletown-station Castletown Station]
* [http://www.iomguide.com/right-photos.php?920/ Isle Of Man Guide]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717201403/http://www.dopplr.com/place/im/castletown/explore/castletown-railway-station/ Online Reference Guide]

{{coord|54|04|44|N|4|38|58|W|display=title|region:IM_type:railwaystation}}

[[Category:Railway stations in the Isle of Man opened in 1874]]

Manx Electric Railway rolling stock

2025-06-12T15:04:25Z

5.253.76.1: /* Motors */

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
This page details the rolling stock on the [[Manx Electric Railway]] on the [[Isle of Man]], which is unique insofar as the railway still operates with its original tramcars and trailers, all of which are over one hundred years old, the latest dating from 1906. Save for a fire in 1930 in which several cars and trailers were lost, all of the line's original rolling stock remains extant, though many items have been out of use for a number of years, largely due to the decrease in tourism on the island over the last thirty years. Despite this, members of each class are still represented on site today, though not all are in original form or in regular use.

==Motors==
[[File:MER No.6.jpg|thumb|"Tunnel" Car No.6]]
A total of 33 motor cars were provided to the railway from its inception in 1893 (the last was delivered in 1906), and most of these survive today except where noted below. These tramcars are in a variety of styles, ranging from closed saloons to open toastracks, and were delivered in batches from various manufacturers. Today the serviceable fleet appear in a variety of historical livery styles. There are presently a total of fourteen working cars. Notable among these are their original two, which hold the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] as the oldest operational tramcars still in regular use on their original line. Also of note are Winter Saloon No. 22, which was rebuilt after a fire in 1991, and works car No. 34, which began life as a replica works vehicle for the [[Snaefell Mountain Railway]].
{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|In Storage
|bgcolor=#cecece|Serviceable
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#98fb98|Undergoing Rebuild
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Builder
!Type
!Livery
!Seats
!Livery Notes
!Notes
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 1-3|1]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Unvestibuled
|align="center"|Maroon & Cream
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|As Delivered
|Generally Paired Trailer 37
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 1-3|2]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Unvestibuled
|align="center"|Maroon & Cream
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|As Delivered
|Generally Paired Trailer 49
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 1-3|3]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Unvestibuled
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|~
|Lost 1930 Laxey Car Shed Fire
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 4-9|4]]
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|~
|Lost 1930 Laxey Car Shed Fire
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 4-9|5]]
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|Early Co., Scheme
|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 4-9|6]]
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|Maroon & Teak
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|Edwardian Livery
|~
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 4-9|7]]
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|Blue, Ivory & Teak
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|"Original" Livery
|Rebuilt 2008-2011
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 4-9|8]]
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|~
|Lost 1930 Laxey Car Shed Fire
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 4-9|9]]
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|Non-Standard Scheme
|Illuminated Car Since 1993
|-
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 10-13|10]]
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|All-Over Grey
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|Freight Livery (As No.26)
|Freight Car Stored Laxey
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 10-13|11]]
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|~
|Converted To Cattle Car Scrapped 1926
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 10-13|12]]
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|~
|Converted To Cattle Car Scrapped 1929
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 10-13|13]]
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Vestibuled Saloon
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|~
|Converted To Cattle Car Scrapped 1957
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 14-18|14]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Maroon & Teak
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|"Original" Livery
|Rebuilt 2015-2018
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 14-18|15]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Standard Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 1973 & Stored Laxey
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 14-18|16]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|House Style
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 14-18|17]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 1973
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 14-18|18]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|White & Red
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 2000
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 19-22|19]]
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Winter Saloon
|align="center"|Maroon & Teak
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|"Original!" Livery
|
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 19-22|20]]
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Winter Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|1970s Style
|
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 19-22|21]]
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Winter Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 19-22|22]]
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Winter Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|Destroyed Fire 1990 Rebuilt 1991-1992
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Locomotive 23|23]]
|align="center"|1900
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Railway|I.o.M.T. & E.P. Co.]]
|align="center"|Centre-Cab Locomotive
|align="center"|Green & Grey
|align="center"|N/A
|align="center"|I.o.M.T. & E.P. Co.
|Withdrawn 1994 Stored Laxey
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 24-27|24]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Lost 1930 Laxey Car Shed Fire
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 24-27|25]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 1996 & Stored Laxey
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 24-27|26]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 2009 & Stored Laxey
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 24-27|27]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Yellow & Red
|align="center"|N/A
|align="center"|Non Standard
|Withdrawn 2003 & Stored Laxey
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 29-33|28]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|E.R.T.C. Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 1970 & Stored Laxey
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 29-33|29]]
|align="center"|1904
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Under Restoration 2019-2025
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 29-33|30]]
|align="center"|1904
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|E.R.T.C. Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 1971 & Stored
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 29-33|31]]
|align="center"|1906
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|E.R.T.C. Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 2002 & Stored
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 29-33|32]]
|align="center"|1906
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|United Electric Car Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Green & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|House-Style Livery
|Generally Paired Trailer 62
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Cars 29-33|33]]
|align="center"|1906
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|United Electric Car Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|House-Style Livery
|
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Car 34|34]]
|align="center"|1995
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Isle of Man Transport]]
|align="center"|Diesel "Locomotive"
|align="center"|Grey & Black
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|Non-Standard All Grey
|Departmental Use Only<ref>https://manxelectricrailway.co.uk/loco-no-34-1995/</ref>
|-

|}

==Trailers==
[[File:MER-Trailer-37.jpg|thumb|right|Trailer No. 37]]
The ages of the trailer cars are similar to the power cars: they were delivered in batches between 1893 and 1903, with further examples in 1930 replacing stock lost in the shed fire at Laxey that year. The majority of the trailers are of the toastrack style, and there are four saloons (one of which is a rebuilt toastrack converted for disabled access passengers). A total of twenty-one of these trailers are available and in regular use, each carrying a variety of livery styles to match their power cars when possible. Some have had their bodies removed for departmental use{{clarify|date=March 2025}} over the years, while others have been restored to their original condition, carrying original fleet numbers where full restorations have been completed: for instance No.36 now carries the original No.19 number complete with curtains. Early examples were not provided with a roof when built, but roofs were quickly added, as they proved to be practical necessities.
{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|Departmental Use
|bgcolor=#ffc0cb|Withdrawn
|bgcolor=#cecece|Serviceable
|bgcolor=#87cefa|Lost 1930
|bgcolor=#98fb98|Being Rebuilt
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Builder
!Type
!Livery
!Seats
!Livery Notes
!Notes
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 34-39|34]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|~
|Lost Shed Fire Replaced With 40-41
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 34-39|35]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|~
|Lost Shed Fire Replaced With 40-41

|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 34-39|36*]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Maroon & Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|*Now As "No.19"
|Curtains Fitted 2023
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 34-39|37]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Lined "House" Style
|Generally Paired With Car 2
|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 34-39|38]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|~
|Lost Shed Fire Replaced With 40-41

|-
|-bgcolor=#87cefa
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 34-39|39]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|~
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|~
|Lost Shed Fire Replaced With 40-41

|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 40-41|40]]
|align="center"|1930
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|English Electric Co.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|Replacement For Fire Victim
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 40-41|41]]
|align="center"|1930
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|English Electric Co.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|Replacement For Fire Victim
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 42-44|42]]
|align="center"|1903
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 42-44|43]]
|align="center"|1903
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 42-44|44]]
|align="center"|1903
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|Generally Paired With Car 22
|-
|-
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 45-48|45]]
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|None
|align="center"|Black & Yellow
|align="center"|N/A
|align="center"|Non-Standard Livery
|Stripped Down Now Flatbed Trailer
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 45-48|46]]
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|?
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 45-48|47]]
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|?
|align="center"|Standard Livery
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 45-48|48]]
|align="center"|1899
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Blue, Cream & Teak
|align="center"|?
|align="center"|Original Style
|Matches Tunnel Car 7 (Blue)
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 49-54|49]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toastrack
|align="center"|Maroon & Teak
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Restored To Original
|Generally Paired With Car 1
|-
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 49-54|50]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Plain "House" Style
|Undergoing Rebuild 2025<ref>https://manxelectricrailway.co.uk/trailers/no-50/</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 49-54|51*]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toastrack
|align="center"|Maroon & White
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Original Livery
|*Now Numbered As "No.15"
|-
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 49-54|52]]
|align="center"|1898
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Flatbed
|align="center"|Black & Yellow
|align="center"|N/A
|align="center"|Non-Standard Livery
|Stripped Down Now Flatbed Trailer
|-bgcolor=#98fb98
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 49-54|53]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|White & Red
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Plain "House" Style
|Last Used 1978 Stored Derby Castle
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 49-54|54]]
|align="center"|1893
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toastrack
|align="center"|White & Red Dash
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Plain "House" Style
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#ffc0cb
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 55-56|55]]
|align="center"|1904
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Railway|E.R.T.L. Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toastrack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Isle of Man Railways
|Last Used 1997 Stored Laxey
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 55-56|56]]
|align="center"|1904
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Railway|E.R.T.L. Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Multi- Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|Varies
|align="center"|Standard Lined
|Converrted For Disabled Access
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 57-58|57]]
|align="center"|1904
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Railway|E.R.T.L. Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Winter Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1970s Style
|
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 57-58|58]]
|align="center"|1904
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Railway|E.R.T.L. Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Winter Saloon
|align="center"|Red, White & Teak
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|Edwardian Style
|
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailer 59|59]]
|align="center"|1895
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Winter Saloon
|align="center"|Blue, Cream & Teak
|align="center"|18
|align="center"|As Built
|Royal Trailer Bogies Fitted
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailer 60|60]]
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Standard Lined
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 61-62|61]]
|align="center"|1906
|align="center"|[[United Electric Car Company|United Electric Car Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Red & White (Teak Dash)
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Standard Lettered
|
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|[[Manx Electric Trailers 61-62|62]]
|align="center"|1906
|align="center"|[[United Electric Car Company|United Electric Car Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toast- Rack
|align="center"|Green & White
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|Nationalisation GreenLivery
|Now Matches Toastrack 32
|}

==Others==
[[File:MER-Tram-34.jpg|thumb|right|Car No. 34 (Snaefell No. 7 ''Maria'')]]

; ''Bertie''
: A contractors' locomotive used when relays were being undertaken. Since moved to UK.

; ''Bungle'' & ''Zippy''
: Hired second-hand from [[Bord na Móna]] in 2008 and refurbished on-island for further use on the railway. Since returned{{clarify|date=March 2025}} to UK.

; Bonner Wagons
: Road-rail dual purpose wagons dating from the earliest days of the line. None of these are extant today.

; Aachen 1010
: A Talbot/Kiepe bogie car from [[Trams in Aachen|Aachen]]'s series 1001-1011, built in 1956-1957 and retired in 1974. It was bought for use but never converted, and spent much of its life as a storage car at the railway's depot.

[[File:CCFL360(1977).jpg|thumb|right|Car CCFL 360 in 1977, still in regular service in Lisbon.]]
; Lisbon 360
: A [[J. G. Brill Company|Brill]]-[[John Stephenson Company|Stephenson]] 1907 bogie car in [[Trams in Lisbon|Lisbon's]] unusual track gauge of {{Track gauge|900 mm}}, bought for conversion to Manx Electric Railway’s almost identical {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} gauge. The conversion was never implemented due to clearance difficulties; it was used as a passenger waiting shelter for a spell; vehicle now in off-site storage on the island.<ref>“[https://manxelectricrailway.co.uk/visitors/lisbon-no-360/ Lisbon No.360]” ''Manx Electric Railway Online''</ref>

; Dreadnought Trailers
: Bogie open wagons with removable sides used for a variety of non-passenger purposes, but particularly associated with stone traffic from Dhoon Quarry, now all scrapped. General 12 ton capacity bogie vehicles.

; Four Wheel Goods Vehicles
: From 1894 onwards the Douglas and Laxey Electric Tramway and its successors operated a fleet of small four wheel goods wagons, mainly of 5 ton and 6 ton capacity. There were a total of ten opens and eight vans built by Milnes, Milnes Voss, and the MERCo between 1894 and 1912. Some of the vans were painted red and used for mail traffic.

==See also==
*[[Heritage railways in the Isle of Man]]
*[[Transport on the Isle of Man]]
*[[Manx Electric Railway]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web| url=https://manxelectricrailway.co.uk/fleet-list/| website=Manx Electric Railway| title=Fleet List| date=2019}}
* {{cite book| first=Mike| last=Goodwyn| title=Manx Electric| publisher=Platform Five| year=1993| isbn=978-1-872524-52-8}}
* {{cite book| first=Robert| last=Hendry| title=Manx Electric Album| publisher=Hillside Publishing| year=1978| isbn=0-9505933-0-3}}
* {{cite book| first=Norman| last=Jones| title=Isle Of Man Tramways| publisher=Foxline Publishing| year=1994| isbn=1-870119-32-0}}
* {{cite web| url=http://www.gov.im/tourism/attractions/railways/electric_attract.xml| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331091921/http://www.gov.im/tourism/attractions/railways/electric_attract.xml| archivedate=March 31, 2012| website=Isle of Man Government| title=Manx Electric Railway| date=2009}}
* {{cite web| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406105706/http://www.mers.org.im/fleetlist.htm| archivedate=2009-04-06| url=http://www.mers.org.im/fleetlist.htm| title=Manx Manx Electric Railway Fleetlist| date=2002| website=Manx Electric Railway Society}}
* {{cite book| first=Keith| last=Pearson| title=100 Years Of Manx Electric Railway| publisher=Leading Edge| year=1992| isbn=0-948135-38-7}}
* {{cite web| url=http://www.island-images.co.uk/Rail/MER/zElectric.html| website=Island Images| title=Manx Electric Railway Pages| date=2003| first=Jon| last=Wornham}}

{{Historic UK Trams}}

[[Category:Manx Electric Railway]]
[[Category:Heritage railways in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:3 ft gauge railways in the Isle of Man]]

[[da:Manx Electric Railway]]
[[de:Manx Electric Railway]]
[[fr:Chemin de fer électrique mannois]]
[[sv:Manx elektriska järnväg]]

Upper Douglas Cable Tramway

2025-06-12T13:47:58Z

5.253.76.1: /* Tramcars */

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Upper Douglas Cable Tramway
| image = File:Douglas Cable Tramway.jpg
| image_alt = A cable car on Victoria Street in Douglas, Isle of Man, 1896
| caption = A cable car on Victoria Street in 1896
| type = [[Cable tram|Cable tramway]]
| status = Defunct
| operator = Douglas Corporation
| open = {{Start date|1896|08|15|df=y}}
| close = {{End date|1929|08|19|df=y}}
| gauge = {{Track gauge|3 ft|lk=on}}
}}

The '''Upper Douglas Cable Tramway''' was a [[tram]] line serving all points between the southern end of the promenade and the upper part of the town of [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] in the [[Isle of Man]].<ref>See Pearson, F. K., "Cable Tram Days", 1977 (Douglas Cable Car Group) (pictorial history of the tramway and the restoration efforts).</ref> It opened on 15 August 1896 and closed on 19 August 1929.<ref name=Cable>[http://www.cable-car-guy.com/html/ccuk.html Cable Car guy]</ref>

==History==
Douglas Corporation, the local authority is not responsible for the town, persuaded the Isle of Man Tramways & Electric Power Company to build a line serving the hilly area of Upper Douglas in return for an extended franchise to operate the [[Douglas Bay Horse Tramway|horse tramway]]. The line was built to {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]]. Douglas Corporation acquired the tramway in 1902 after the collapse of [[Dumbell's Bank]] and the section south of the depot in York Road was closed as it was felt that the gradient made it too dangerous to operate.<ref name=IOM>[http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/transprt/cable/index.htm IOM.com]</ref> The service was downgraded to seasonal in 1922.<ref name=Cable/><ref name=Book>{{cite book | first = Robert| last = Hendry| year = 1993| title = Rails in the Isle of Man| pages = 57| isbn = 1-85780-009-5}}</ref> After the line closed, the tracks remained in place until they were lifted in 1932.<ref name=IOM/> (in contradiction to this source however road works in the 1980s revealed some of the rails buried well under the modern road surface; in addition, in Waverley Road, on the depot entrance, a set of tramway rails and points remain; however, this may actually be from the time that the depot was used to service the horse trams: they were towed up to the depot using double decker buses). In January 2000, work in connection with the IRIS scheme unearthed the terminal cable pit at Broadway.<ref name=Mers>[http://www.mers.org.im/pulleywheel.htm Manx Electric Railway Society]</ref>

==Route==
Both termini were on Douglas Promenade, at the Clock Tower and Broadway. The line followed a U-shaped route serving Victoria Street, Prospect Hill, Buck's Road, Woodbourne Road, York Road, Ballaquayle Road, and Broadway.<ref name=Cable/><ref name=Book/> There was a set of points connecting with the horse tramway at the Clock Tower. A proposed link to the horse tramway at Broadway was not built.<ref name=IOM/>
{{:List of Isle of Man railway lines and locations|transcludesection=upper}}

==Tramcars==
[[File:Cable car on Douglas Promenade - geograph.org.uk - 1635247.jpg|thumb|right|Preserved Car 72/73]]

There were fifteen trams on the system.<ref name=Tram>[http://www.strab.net/sites/iom/dct-cable.html IOM tramways]</ref> Tram 72/73 is now based at the [[Jurby Transport Museum]]. After closure it is believed that a number of cars (including those which remain) were offered for sale and other uses, therefore the scrapping date is largely conjectural. The colour scheme is believed to have been that carried by the restored 72/73 today, being Prussian Blue panelling with cream panelling, lemon yellow detailing and brown/chocolate lettering; this distinctively included all major destinations of the route along the upper valence which has been accurately reproduced on the displayed car today. The three lowest numbered cars were later additions, the fleet numbering commenced at 70 upon opening to allow for possible expansion of the [[Douglas Bay Horse Tramway]] fleet which never occurred (the highest number horse car was in reality 50), later cars were allocated unused numbers thereafter.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|Scrapped
|bgcolor=#eaf3ff|On Display

|}
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Layout
!Seats
!Scrap
!Location & Notes
|-
|align="center"|67
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[Milnes Voss|Thomas Milnes- Voss & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|84
|align="center"|c.1930
|Retrospectively Numbered See Notes Above
|-
|align="center"|68
|align="center"|1909
|align="center"|[[Milnes Voss|Thomas Milnes- Voss & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|c.1930
|Retrospectively Numbered See Notes Above
|-
|-
|align="center"|69
|align="center"|1907
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|The United Electric Car Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|c.1930
|Retrospectively Numbered See Notes Above
|-
|align="center"|70
|align="center"|1907
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|The United Electric Car Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|c.1930
|Retrospectively Numbered See Notes Above
|-
|-
|align="center"|71
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|c.1930
|First Car Supplied See Note Above
|-
|-bgcolor=#eaf3ff
|align="center"|72
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|~
|[[Jurby Transport Museum]] Open Seasonally
|-
|-bgcolor=#eaf3ff
|align="center"|73
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|~
|[[Jurby Transport Museum]] Open Seasonally

|-
|align="center"|74
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|c.1930
|Part Of Initial Batch One Of Seven Supplied
|-
|-
|align="center"|75
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|c.1930
|Part Of Initial Batch One Of Seven Supplied
|-
|align="center"|76
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|c.1930
|Part Of Initial Batch One Of Seven Supplied
|-
|-
|align="center"|77
|align="center"|1935
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|c.1930
|Rebuilt 1903 As Saloon Drop In Capacity (34)
|-
|align="center"|78
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Crossbench
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|c.1930
|Rebuilt 1904 As Saloon Drop In Capacity (34)
|-
|align="center"|79
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open-Fronted Saloon
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|c.1930
|Final Batch Supplied Final Batch Of Three

|-
|align="center"|80
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open-Fronted Saloon
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|c.1930
|Final Batch Supplied Final Batch Of Three

|-
|align="center"|81
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open-Fronted Saloon
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|c.1930
|Final Car Supplied Final Batch Of Three
|-
|}

===Preserved Car===
[[File:Rebuilt former cable car, Douglas Promenade - geograph.org.uk - 785648.jpg|thumb|left|Preserved Car 72/73 [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas Promenade]]]]
After the closure of the line, two of the cars, No.72 and No.73 were turned into a bungalow at [[Crawyn, Jurby]]. Both vehicles retained their bogies.<ref name=Book2>{{cite book | first = Robert| last = Hendry| year = 1993| title = Rails in the Isle of Man| pages = 60| isbn = 1-85780-009-5}}</ref> and were parked side by side to create the floorspace, a brick built chimney installed between then. They had been built by G. F. Milnes in 1896. In late July 1968, these two vehicles were rescued by the ''Douglas Cable Car Group'', and a restoration was carried out between then and 1976, at York Road depot (former storage shed for the tramway, later used for buses and horse tram storage), using the best of both cars. The tram now bears the number 72 on one end and 73 on the other, it has been converted to work by battery power and was sometimes seen running on the horse tramway.<ref name=Cable/> It was later moved to the [[Jurby Transport Museum]] where it remains today on an isolated section of reproduction track together with smaller items from the system also on display.

==Stamp==
The Upper Douglas Cable Tramway featured on a 13p stamp issued by the [[Isle of Man Post]] Office in 1988.

==References==
{{Commons category|Upper Douglas Cable Tramway}}
{{reflist}}

{{Heritage railways in the Isle of Man}}
{{Historic UK Trams}}

{{coord|54.157|-4.477|display=title|region:IM_type:landmark_scale:5000}}

[[Category:Railway lines in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:3 ft gauge railways in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Tram transport in the Isle of Man]]

Douglas Bay Horse Tramway

2025-06-12T13:14:54Z

5.253.76.1: /* Other tramcars */

{{Short description|Passenger tramway on the Isle of Man}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox heritage railway
| name = Douglas Bay Horse Tramway
| other_name =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_alt =
| image = [[File:Douglas-IOM-horse-tram1.jpg|260px]]
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| caption = Roofed toastrack No. 35, Loch Promenade
| locale = [[Douglas, Isle of Man]]
| terminus = [[Derby Castle terminus|Derby Castle station]] / [[Villa Marina, Isle of Man|Villa Marina]]
| connections =
| builtby = [[Thomas Lightfoot]]
| originalgauge = {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}}
| owned = [[Isle of Man Government]]
| operator = Isle of Man Railways
| stations = Various (hail & ride)
| length = {{convert|1.6|mi|km|1}}
| com-years = 7 August 1876
| com-events = Official opening
| com-years1 = 2 January 1900
| com-events1 = Takeover, Douglas Corporation
| com-years2 = 30 September 1927
| com-events2 = Winter service terminated
| com-years3 = 28 September 1939
| com-events3 = Closed for duration
| com-years4 = 1 May 1946
| com-events4 = Seasonal services resumed
| closed =
| years = 9 August 1956
| events = 80th Anniversary
| years1 = 7 August 1976
| events1 = Centenary parade
| years2 = 7 August 2011
| events2 = 135th Anniversary
| headquarters = Banks Circus
| website = {{website|www.rail.im}}
| routemap = [[File:Douglas Bay Horse Tramway.svg|260px]]
}}
The '''Douglas Bay Horse Tramway''' on the [[Isle of Man]] runs along the seafront promenades of [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] for approximately {{Convert|1|mi}}, from the southern terminus at the [[Villa Marina, Isle of Man|Villa Marina]], to [[Derby Castle terminus|Derby Castle station]], the southern terminus of the [[Manx Electric Railway]], where the workshops and sheds are located. It is a distinctive tourist attraction.

==History==
The tramway was built and initially operated by Thomas Lightfoot, a retired civil engineer from [[Sheffield]]. His service was introduced in 1876 between the bottom of what is now Summer Hill and the bottom of Broadway in the centre of today's promenade adjacent to the Villa Marina. In the earliest days the track was expanded, and passing loops and long crossovers added so that by 1891 the line ran double track the entire length of the promenade, much as it does today. From opening it has operated every year, except for a period during the [[World War II|Second World War]].<ref name=iomght>{{cite web | url = http://www.iomguide.com/horsetram.php | title = Isle of Man Guide – Transportation, Horse Drawn Trams | publisher = Maxima Systems | access-date = 2008-02-08}}</ref>

In 1882, Lightfoot sold the line to Isle of Man Tramways Ltd, later the Isle of Man Tramways & Electric Power Co. Ltd, which also owned the Manx Electric Railway. The company went into [[liquidation]] in 1900 as a consequence of a banking collapse. The tramway was sold by the [[liquidator (law)|liquidator]] to Douglas Corporation in 1902. Since 1927 the tramway has run in summer only.<ref name="iomght"/>

In 2014 it was announced by the Department of Infrastructure that during 2015 the horse trams would be temporarily suspended while resurfacing work on the promenade continued into its next phase, which runs from Regent Street to Strathallan. However, the plans were later revised, allowing regular horse tram operation to take place in 2015, 2016 and 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Horse tram service back on track for 2015|date=9 May 2015|url=http://douglas.im/index.php/news/council-news/item/1128-horse-tram-service-back-on-track-for-2015|publisher=Town of Douglas|access-date=2015-05-19}}</ref>

In 2015 Douglas Corporation partnered with Isle of Man Transport to introduce the 'Ticketer' system as used across the Island's other public transport systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://douglas.im/index.php/news/council-news/item/1173-just-the-ticket-council-updates-horse-tram-ticket-management-system#.Vaj1fV9VhHx|title=Douglas Borough Council – Just the ticket: Council updates horse tram ticket management system}}</ref> On board a Ticketer hand-held unit connects with the island-wide contactless Go Cards and individual tickets can also be purchased.

===Closure===
Despite being the world's last remaining 19th century original horse-drawn passenger tramway and the second-oldest operational rail system on the island, the future of the tramway has been brought into question in recent years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-32608183|title=Douglas regeneration: £21m plans submitted for Manx capital|work=BBC News|date=6 May 2015 }}</ref> In January 2016, Douglas Corporation announced that the tramway had run for the last time the previous September and that they had closed it as it was not financially viable. The tramway had made a loss of £263,000 in 2015.<ref name=BBC35380961>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-35380961 |title=Isle of Man horse tram service ends after 140 years |work=BBC News |date=22 January 2016 |access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref>

===Continuance===
After an online petition attracted more than 2,000 signatures, the [[House of Keys]] established a committee to look into ways of retaining the iconic horse trams.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-35384707 |title=Isle of Man horse trams: More than 2,000 people sign petition to save service |publisher=BBC News Online |date=23 January 2016 |access-date=28 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-35411096 |title=Isle of Man horse trams: Committee to explore closure alternatives |publisher=BBC News Online |date=26 January 2016 |access-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> The operation of the tramway was taken over by the Isle of Man Heritage Railways division of the [[Department of Infrastructure (Isle of Man)|Department of Infrastructure]] and continued in the 2016, 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/categories/travel-traffic-and-motoring/bus-and-rail/heritage-railways/horse-trams/|title=Horse Trams|access-date=2017-03-08}}</ref> and 2018 summer seasons.

Various plans were submitted by the Department of Infrastructure to rebuild the Douglas Promenades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/prom-revamp-application-set-to-be-submitted-1-7282718|title=Prom revamp application set to be submitted|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721083353/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/prom-revamp-application-set-to-be-submitted-1-7282718|archive-date=21 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In one version, the tramway would move from its location in the middle of the roadway to a new single line formation adjacent to the Promenade walkway. The plans received some criticism from a group of local residents who objected to the siting of the trams near to the walkway. However, in 2019, the tracks were relaid in their previous alignment along the centre of the road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/opposition-to-horse-trams-on-douglas-walkway-1-7267912|title=Opposition to horse trams on Douglas walkway|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721073154/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/opposition-to-horse-trams-on-douglas-walkway-1-7267912|archive-date=21 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Trams started running again on Friday 29 July 2022, between Strathallan tram depot and Broadway.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isle of Man's popular horse trams return after three years |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-62346248 |website=BBC News |access-date=30 July 2022 |date=29 July 2022}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Horse Drawn tram on Douglas Seafront - geograph.org.uk - 747144.jpg|thumb|Double deck horse drawn tram on Douglas Seafront]]
The tramway is {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]], double track throughout, running down the middle of the road. Service is provided by 23 tramcars and some 45 horses. There have been several types of tramcar, and at least one of each type has been retained. Most services are maintained by "closed toastracks", with winter saloons and open toastracks also in semi-regular service. In summer, trams are stabled outdoors overnight adjacent to the Terminus Tavern public house, and there is a purpose-built tramshed where they are stored in winter.
{{:List of Isle of Man railway lines and locations|transcludesection=horse}}

==Tramcars==
===Fleet===
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2024}}
The remaining core of service trams represent a cross-section of various types of car used on the line over the years; notable exceptions from the current fleet are an umbrella car (one of which survives as a souvenir shop elsewhere) and a convertible car, although one of these survives in private ownership. This was the last of three cars from 1935 which were dubbed "tomato boxes" owing to their unconventional appearance. On 27 August 2016, after Douglas council took ownership, six trams were sold at auction, numbers 28, 33, 34, 37, 39 and 40. Trams notated as rebuilt are considered to be part of the "Heritage Fleet".
{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|Service Fleet
|bgcolor=#eaf3ff|Undergoing Rebuild
|bgcolor=#fee7e6|Rebuilt
|bgcolor=#cecece|Awaiting Rebuild
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Layout
!Seats
!Livery
!Adverts
!Notes
|-
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|1913
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes-Voss & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Enclosed Saloon
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|Red & Cream
|align="center"|Bushy's Brewery
|*Replacement Vehicle Original Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|12
|align="center"|1888
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|Blue & Gold
|align="center"|Lamps Only
|Non-Historial Livery & Dash Lettering
|-
|-bgcolor=#eaf3ff
|align="center"|18
|align="center"|1883
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|Maroon & Gold
|align="center"|[[Okells Brewery|Okell's Brewery]]
|Converted Single-Deck 1904 Reverted Double-Deck 1989
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|21
|align="center"|1890
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|Burgundy & White
|align="center"|Lamps Only
|Rebuilt 2018-2019 In Regular Use
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|27
|align="center"|1892
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Enclosed Saloon
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|Prussian Blue
|align="center"|None Carried
|Rebuilt 2017-2018 In Regular Use
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|29
|align="center"|1892
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Enclosed Saloon
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|Red & Cream
|align="center"|None Carried
|Rebuilt 2017-2019 In Regular Use
|-
|-bgcolor=#eaf3ff
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Sunshade Car
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|~
|Withdrawn 2018 Rebuild 2019-2025
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|[[Villa Marina, Isle of Man|Villa Marina]]
|Rebuilt 2016-2017 ''"Tram of the Year"''
|-
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|1902
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|~
|Scheduled For Rebuild No Date Specified
|-
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|1905
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|Red & Varnish
|align="center"|[[Villa Marina, Isle of Man|Dragon's Castle]]
|Rebuilt 2017-2018 In Regular Use
|-
|align="center"|43
|align="center"|1907
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|United Electric Car Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|[[Manx Financial Group|Conister Bank]]
|Stripped Of Adverts 2025 Stored Out Of Use
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|1907
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|United Electric Car Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|Red & Blue
|align="center"|Royal Tram
|Carried [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Mother]] 1964 Carried [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] 1972
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|45
|align="center"|1908
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell|United Electric Car Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|Red & White
|align="center"|[[Groudle Glen Railway|Groudle Railway]]
|Rebuilt 2017-2018 Roof "Knifeboards"
|-
|}

===Scrapped fleet===
The tramway amassed at total of 50 cars, the final three arriving as late as 1935. Over the years several of these became surplus to requirements and were scrapped; many were stored in the former cable car depot at York Road, Douglas prior to its demolition to make way for a residential complex in 1990, others were dismantled being surplus to requirements over the years. Nos. 48 and 50 were purchased for possible use as wayside shelters on the [[Manx Electric Railway]] and were stored for a time at Derby Castle; the plan however never came to fruition and both vehicles were scrapped in 1982 leaving No.49 as the sole remaining example of this type of tramcar. No.46 was relocated to Nobles Park in Douglas in 1988 where it saw use as a shelter (memorably it carried a black and neon colour scheme latterly, promoting the Palace Lido); it was removed from the island and fully restored for museum display though later scrapped despite having been heavily reconditioned.

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Layout
!Seats
!Scrap
!Notes
|-
|align="center"|1 (i)
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|1901
|Converted From Single Deck 1884 Later Replaced (See Above)
|-
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|1948
|Not Used After World War II Stored Strathallan & Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|1876
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|1948
|Not Used After World War II Stored Strathallan & Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|4
|align="center"|1882
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|1949
|Not Used After World War II Stored Strathallan & Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|1883
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|1949
|Not Used After World War II Stored Strathallan & Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|1883
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|1949
|Not Used After World War II Stored Strathallan & Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|1884
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|1924
|
|-
|align="center"|8
|align="center"|1884
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|1949
|Not Used After World War II Stored Strathallan & Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|9
|align="center"|1884
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1952
|
|-
|align="center"|10
|align="center"|1884
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon Co.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|1979
|Tram Scrapped With Spare Parts Retained
|-
|align="center"|14
|align="center"|1887
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|1908
|Destroyed In Depot Rockslide Replacement (See Below)
|-
|align="center"|15
|align="center"|1887
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|1939
|Purchased Second Hand [[South Shields Tramways]]
|-
|align="center"|16
|align="center"|1887
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|1915
|Purchased Second Hand [[South Shields Tramways]]
|-
|align="center"|17
|align="center"|1886
|align="center"|[[Metro-Cammell]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|1914
|Ex-[[South Shields Tramways]] Converted Single Deck 1903
|-
|align="center"|19
|align="center"|1889
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1949
|Withdrawn & Stored After 1940 Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|20
|align="center"|1889
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1949
|Withdrawn & Stored After 1940 & Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|23
|align="center"|1891
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|"Umbrella" Car
|align="center"|33
|align="center"|1952
|Retractable Canvas Roof 1908 Later Fixed Roof Fitted
|-
|align="center"|24
|align="center"|1891
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|"Umbrella" Car
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1952
|Retractable Canvas Roof 1910 Later Fixed Roof Fitted
|-
|align="center"|25
|align="center"|1891
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1952
|
|-
|align="center"|26
|align="center"|1891
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1974
|
|-
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1950
|
|-
|align="center"|31
|align="center"|1894
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|1987
|Used As All-Over Advertising Car 1968–1975
|-
|-
|align="center"|35
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes-Voss & Co]]
|align="center"|Sunshade Car
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|2022
|Glazed Bulkheads Fitted 1966 Moved ''Home of Rest For Old Horses''
|-
|align="center"|41
|align="center"|1905
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|1988
|Scrapped With Spare Parts Retained
|-
|align="center"|46
|align="center"|1909
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|George F. Milnes & Co.,Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Roofed Toastrack
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|1986
|Sold [[Wirral Transport Museum|Birkenhead Tramway Museum]] 1990 Later Scrapped (''"Lido Tram"'')
|-
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|1935
|align="center"|[[Vulcan (motor vehicles)|Vulcan Motor & Engineering]]
|align="center"|"Tomato Box" Saloon
|align="center"|27/34
|align="center"|1980
|Sold [[Manx Electric Railway]] 1978 As Waiting Shelter Later Scrapped
|-
|align="center"|50
|align="center"|1935
|align="center"|[[Vulcan (motor vehicles)|Vulcan Motor & Engineering]]
|align="center"|"Tomato Box" Saloon
|align="center"|27/34
|align="center"|1980
|Sold [[Manx Electric Railway]] 1978 As Waiting Shelter Later Scrapped
|-
|}

===Other tramcars===
In addition to those cars remaining in the operational fleet, a number have survived and remained at other locations on the island; No. 14 spent several years at the Clapham Transport Museum until its closure, returning to the island in time for the centenary of the tramway in 1976; it entered the Manx Museum in 1991 where it remains today. No. 22 was converted into a souvenir shop used at Strathallan Crescent, it now resides at a transport museum in the north of the island where it fulfils the same role.

{| class="wikitable"
!Key:
|Undergoing Restoration
|bgcolor=#fee7e6|Auctioned Off
|bgcolor=#cecece|Privately Owned
|bgcolor=#eaf3ff|On Display

|}
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Built
!Builder
!Layout
!Seats
!Location
!Notes
|-
|align="center"|11
|align="center"|1886
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Open Toastrack
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|[[Wirral Transport Museum|Wirral Museum]]
|Withdrawn 1976 & Moved Jurby - Wirral May 2021
|-
|-bgcolor=#eaf3ff
|align="center"|14
|align="center"|1887
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Double Decker
|align="center"|42
|align="center"|[[Manx Museum|Manx Museum]]
||Audio/Visual Display Renumbered 1908 (Ex-13)
|-
|-bgcolor=#eaf3ff
|align="center"|22
|align="center"|1890
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|"Umbrella" Car
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|[[Jurby Transport Museum|Jurby Museum]]
|Former Tram Shop (Last Survivng Sunshade)
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|28
|align="center"|1892
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Enclosed Saloon
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|Off Island
|Sold Privately & Restored August 2016 (£2,800)
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|33
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Bulkheads Added 1974
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|On Island
|Sold Privately August 2016 (£1,200)
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|34
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Bulkheads Added 1972
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|[[Jurby Transport Museum|Jurby Museum]]
|Sold, August 2016 (£1,300) Motorised 2018
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|37
|align="center"|1896
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Bulkheads Added 1972
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|On Island
|Sold Privately August 2016 (£1,100)
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|39
|align="center"|1902
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|Starbuck Car & Wagon]]
|align="center"|Toastrack Lengthened 1934
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|On Island
|Sold Privately 2016 (£1,800) To M.E.R. Society
|-
|-bgcolor=#fee7e6
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|1902
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Toastrack Lengthened 1939
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|On Island
|Sold Privately August 2016 (£1,000)
|-
|align="center"|47
|align="center"|1911
|align="center"|[[G.F. Milnes & Co.|G.F. Milnes & Co., Ltd.]]
|align="center"|Bulkhead Sunshade
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|[[Wirral Transport Museum|Wirral Museum]]
|Withdrawn 1976 & Moved Jurby - Wirral May 2021
|-
|-bgcolor=#cecece
|align="center"|49
|align="center"|1935
|align="center"|[[Vulcan (motor vehicles)|Vulcan Motor & Engineering]]
|align="center"|Convertible "Tomato Box"
|align="center"|27/34
|align="center"|[[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey I.o.M.]]
|Withdrawn 1978 (Last of Kind) Privately Owned
|-
|}

==See also==
{{commons category}}
*[[Transport in the Isle of Man]]
*[[Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram]], a horse-drawn tramway in [[Australia]]
*[[List of tram and light rail transit systems]]
*[[List of town tramway systems in Europe]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Heavyside|first=Tom|title=Douglas – Laxey – Ramsey: including the Groudle Glen Railway|series=Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series|date=2010|publisher=Middleton Press|location=Midhurst, West Sussex, UK|isbn=9781906008758}}
*Hendry, Robert (1993). ''Rails in the Isle of Man: A Colour Celebration'', Midland Publishing Limited, {{ISBN|1-85780-009-5}}
*Pearson, Keith (1999). ''Douglas Horse Tramway - A Millennium Year History'', 1st Edition, Adam Gordon, {{ISBN|978-1-874422-25-9}}
*Johnston, Norman. "Douglas Horse Trams in Colour." Omagh: Colourpoint Press, 1995. {{ISBN|9781898392101}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://www.douglashorsetramway.im/ Douglas Horse Tramway]
*[https://www.visitisleofman.com/experience/douglas-bay-horse-tramway-p1292461 Douglas Bay Horse Tramway - Visit Isle of Man]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210802175732/http://friendsofdbht.org/ Friends of Douglas Bay Horse Tramway (archived 2 Aug 2021)]

{{Heritage railways in the Isle of Man}}
{{Historic UK Trams}}

[[Category:3 ft gauge railways in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Douglas, Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Heritage railways in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Heritage streetcar systems]]
[[Category:Horse-drawn trams in operation]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1876]]
[[Category:Tram transport in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Tramways with double-decker trams]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in the Isle of Man]]

Victoria Road Prison

2025-06-04T09:53:32Z

5.253.76.1:

{{Short description|Former prison in Douglas, Isle of Man}}
{{Infobox Prison
| prison_name = Victoria Road Prison
| image =
| location = [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]], [[Isle of Man]]
| coordinates =
| status = Decommissioned
| classification =
| capacity = 90
| opened = April 1891
| closed = August 2008
| managed_by = [[Isle of Man Prison Service]]
| director =
}}
'''Victoria Road Prison''' is a former [[prison]] that was located on Victoria Road in [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]], capital of the [[Isle of Man]]. Victoria Road Prison was the first purpose-built prison to be constructed on the Isle of Man, and held prisoners from April 1891 to August 2008.

==History==
From 1780 prisoners from the Isle of Man (including debtors) mainly served their sentence at [[Castle Rushen]], but within a century problems were apparent with this arrangement. Prisoners would grow unruly, as they could not be separated, and the conditions in which they were kept were unfit. When the Chairman of the Commissioners for Prisons in England and Wales inspected the premises for the first time in 1885, he indicated a need for a prison to house 30 prisoners. His recommendation was not universally popular in [[Tynwald]], as some did not want to spend the money, but nevertheless Manx architect James Cowle was employed to design a new prison, which was subsequently constructed at Victoria Road in Douglas. The entire prison population of the Isle of Man was transferred to the new Victoria Road Gaol in April 1891.<ref name=history>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.im/dha/prison/prison_history.xml |title=Prison History - Isle of Man Prison Service |publisher=Gov.im |date=2008-08-14 |accessdate=2012-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821075254/http://www.gov.im/dha/prison/prison_history.xml |archive-date=2012-08-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At the beginning of the 20th century, Victoria Road Prison received a glowing report from Major Darnell, the HM Inspector of Prisons:
<blockquote>The present accommodation consists of 21 cells in the male and eight cells in the female prison. The cells are light and airy, and well ventilated and compare quite favourably with those in the best English prisons — boarded floors, clear glass in the windows and external gas boxes. They were uniformly clean and well kept.<ref name=iomguide>{{cite web|author=Maxima Systems Ltd. |url=http://www.iomguide.com/news/general-news.php?story=103239 |title=Isle of Man Guide - End of an era at Victoria Road prison |publisher=Iomguide.com |date=2006-10-26 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref> </blockquote>

As the population of both Island and prison grew, the prison was expanded, with the addition of two new wings in 1989. One of these, C wing, was assigned to young prisoners between the ages of 17 and 21, with a maximum accommodation of 37 prisoners spread between 19 single cells and 2 dormitories. Later, the dormitories were altered to serve as a dining room and exercise room, and the single rooms reassigned to adults. The other wing, D, was designed to hold 15 female prisoners in 5 single cells and 2 dormitories, though the maximum number of places permitted was then reduced to 11.<ref name=history/>

In spite of the expansion, criticism mounted over overcrowding and [[human rights]] issues until in July 2005, Tynwald backed the construction of a new, larger secure facility at [[Jurby]] that would be better outfitted to rehabilitate prisoners.<ref name=iomguide/> The new [[Isle of Man Prison]] was opened in August 2008 when all inmates from Victoria Road were transferred to the new prison. A month later, the Home affairs Minister Adrian Earnshaw MHK signed the paperwork which revoked the Custody Act 1995, which designated the building as a gaol, bringing Victoria Roads' active use as a prison to a close after period of 117 years.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/isle_of_man/7641573.stm |title=Europe | Isle of Man | Former Manx jail decommissioned |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-09-29 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref>

Immediately after the decommissioning of Victoria Road Prison, the building was opened up for public tours during September and October 2008. Former acting prison governor Tony Hawkes who retired in June 2008 after 34 years' service lead the tours of the prison which included a visit to various wings and cells, as well as the search room and segregation unit. The tours were extremely popular, with places being fully booked within just hours of being advertised.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/isle_of_man/7633502.stm |title=Europe | Isle of Man | Prison tour places 'snapped up' |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-09-24 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref> Public interest in the old prison led to calls to open up the Victoria Road site as a permanent [[visitor attraction]] over the summer months.

In May 2010, the exercise yard of the former prison was used for an 'Urban Street Sport' event. The event included [[Association football|football]] skills competitions and demonstrations of [[free running]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isleofman.com/News/article.aspx?article=26106&area=2 |title=Urban Street Sport hailed a success | Newsroom |publisher=Isleofman.com |date=2010-05-09 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref> In June 2010, it was announced that artefacts from the former gaol sold in a public auction had raised £8,800.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10249456 |title=BBC News - Former Isle of Man prison auction raises thousands |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2010-06-06 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref> A month later, the former prison was used as a set location for the British [[horror film]] ''Slasher House''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-10820217 |title=BBC News - Former Isle of Man prison stars in horror film |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2010-07-30 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref>

In October 2010, the [[Department of Home Affairs (Isle of Man)|Department of Home Affairs]] applied for [[planning permission]] to demolish Victoria Road Prison. The department cited a survey which indicated that parts of the gatehouse and cell blocks of the former prison had deteriorated so that public access could not be allowed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-11553079 |title=BBC News - Former Victoria Road jail could be demolished |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2010-10-15 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref> However, in January 2011 it emerged that the Isle of Man Government was considering listing the former gaol on a register of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest", meaning that it would be saved from demolition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-12239766 |title=BBC News - Future of former Manx prison building uncertain |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2011-01-20 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref>

In January 2012, [[Tim Crookall]] [[Member of the House of Keys|MHK]] suggested that there were concerns that listing some of the buildings of the former prison could prevent the site from being redeveloped for other uses.<ref>{{cite web|author=Published on Friday 27 January 2012 07:00 |url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/solving_a_prison_predicament_1_4183913 |title=Solving a prison predicament - Isle of Man News - Isle of Man Today |publisher=Iomtoday.co.im |date=2012-01-27 |accessdate=2012-06-09}}</ref> In November 2012, the Department of Home Affairs confirmed that demolition works had started at the former prison site, with completion planned for March 2013.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-20297330 | work=BBC News | title=Victoria Road prison demolition begins in Isle of Man | date=2012-11-12}}</ref> The buildings have now been demolished, and in October 2014 the Isle of Man Government published plans for the redevelopment of the site, with [[sheltered accommodation]], [[affordable housing]] and a church amongst ideas for the site.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-29703964|title=Victoria Road prison site redevelopment plans published by government|work=BBC News}}</ref>
The government received many complaints regarding the demolition of the site. It could have been a Victorian prison museum which would have been very popular.

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120821075254/http://www.gov.im/dha/prison/prison_history.xml Isle of Man Prison Service history pages]

[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1891]]
[[Category:Defunct prisons in the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Douglas, Isle of Man]]

Legislative Council of the Isle of Man

2025-04-30T08:10:29Z

5.253.76.1: /* Current membership */

{{Short description|Upper house of the parliament of the Isle of Man}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Legislative Council
| native_name = Yn Choonceil Slattyssagh
| transcription_name =
| legislature =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa-pic =
| coa-res =
| house_type = Upper house
| body = Tynwald
| leader1_type = [[President of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man|President]]
| leader1 = [[Laurence Skelly]]
| party1 =
| election1 = 20 July 2021
| members = 11
| structure1 = Legislative Council of the Isle of Man as of Apr 2020.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| structure2 =
| structure2_res =
| political_groups1 = {{ubl
| {{Color box|#DDDDDD|border=silver}} [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (8)
| {{Color box|#87CEEB|border=silver}} ''[[Ex officio]]'' (3)
}}
| political_groups2 =
| committees1 =
| committees2 =
| joint_committees =
| voting_system1 = [[Indirect election]] by the [[House of Keys]]
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 =
| session_room = The Wedding Cake - geograph.org.uk - 566474.jpg
| session_res =
| meeting_place = Chamber of the Legislative Council, Legislative Buildings, [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| website = [http://www.tynwald.org.im/council www.tynwald.org.im/council]
| footnotes =
}}
{{Politics of the Isle of Man}}

The '''Legislative Council''' ({{langx|gv|Yn Choonceil Slattyssagh}}) is the [[upper house|upper chamber]] of [[Tynwald]], the legislature of the [[Isle of Man]]. The abbreviation "LegCo" is often used.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manxradio.com/news/isle-of-man-news/sunset-clauses-back-in-legco/|title='Sunset Clauses' back in LegCo}}</ref>

It consists of eleven members (MLCs):
* Eight members elected by the [[House of Keys]]
* Three ''[[ex officio]]'' members:
** [[President of Tynwald]], ''ex officio'' President of the Legislative Council (casting vote)
** [[Bishop of Sodor and Man]]
** [[Attorney General (Isle of Man)|Attorney General]] for the Isle of Man (non-voting)

Historically, most or all elected MLCs were former MHKs, but this practice has now much reduced or ceased.

Formerly, the [[Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man|Lieutenant Governor]] presided over the Legislative Council and over [[Tynwald Court]] (a joint session of the Council and the House of Keys). Now, however, the President of Tynwald, who is chosen by the whole Tynwald for a five-year term, is the ''ex officio'' President of the Legislative Council, and presides over both the Legislative Council and Tynwald Court, except that the Lieutenant Governor presides once a year on [[Tynwald Day]].

Furthermore, the [[Church of England]] [[Bishop of Sodor and Man]] and the Attorney General have seats on the Legislative Council. The Bishop is a voting member, the Attorney General is a non-voting member, and the President has the [[casting vote]].

The Council does not usually [[Legislative initiative|originate legislation]]{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}; most of the time, it reviews draft legislation originating in the House of Keys. However, it is possible for legislation to originate in the Council: a recent example is the Equality Act 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/business/bills/Pages/2016-2021.aspx|title = Tynwald - Parliament of the Isle of Man - 2016-2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/links/tls/TC/Pages/C7.aspx#C7b|title=Tynwald - Parliament of the Isle of Man - Chapter 7 - Making Legislation}}</ref>

==Method of election==
The MLCs are elected by the members of the [[House of Keys]] for a term of five years. Four MLCs retire at a time, and four new MLCs are then elected. An MLC must be at least 21 years old and resident in the Isle of Man. Historically the election procedure has been cumbersome, and on some occasions in recent years the election has required many ballots, stretching over a period of weeks or even months. However the Standing Orders of the House of Keys regarding the election of MLCs were amended on 4 April 2017, and a relevant Guidance Note was issued by the Speaker of the House of Keys in June 2017. In 2018, only one ballot was required, although some felt that that was at the cost of allowing members to vote for an excessive number of candidates (one member voted for 13 candidates out of 15 and another for 11).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manxradio.com/news/manx-gaelic/speaker-denies-voting-system-lacks-principle1/|title = Speaker denies voting system lacks principle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiDvBZCPQOQ|title = Chief Minister: MLC elections|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref>

A motion was proposed in the Keys on 28 January 2020, shortly before the 2020 MLC election, which would have prevented MHKs voting for more candidates than there are places to be filled, but this was rejected.

In 2020, again only one ballot was required, and members voted for an average of about 4 candidates each. In 2023, again only one ballot was required, and members voted for an average of about 5 candidates each.

==2016 Review of the Functioning of Tynwald==
For many years there has been considerable debate about the functioning of Tynwald, and specifically about the composition, method of election, and functions of the Legislative Council. In the past, a number of reforms were made in the composition of the Legislative Council, which are set out below. In 2016 [[Lord Lisvane]] was asked to carry out a review of the functioning of Tynwald.<ref>[https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/review-of-the-functioning-of-tynwald/ Review of the Functioning of Tynwald], Isle of Man Government, 19 July 2016</ref> Among his recommendations were:

* Members of the Legislative Council should continue not to be directly elected, but instead should be nominated by an independent Nominations Commission to the House of Keys. No sitting MHK could be nominated.
* The Legislative Council should not vote on taxation or appropriation.
* Only exceptionally should MLCs be ministers.
* The Bishop should continue as an ''ex officio'' voting member of the Legislative Council.

However there has been little action to implement these recommendations.

==1990 reform and current composition==
The Lieutenant Governor was removed as Presiding Officer of Tynwald and replaced by a member of Tynwald elected by the Members of the High Court of Tynwald as [[President of Tynwald]]. (Currently only MHKs are electors.) The President of Tynwald is also a member of the Legislative Council and presides at its sittings. The members are thus:

*President of Tynwald
*Attorney General
*Bishop of Sodor and Man
*Eight members elected by the House of Keys

The non-''ex officio'' members are elected by the House of Keys for terms which end at the end of February immediately before the fifth anniversary of their election.

==Current membership==

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Position
! Tenure
! Predecessor
|-
| [[Laurence Skelly]] || President of Tynwald|| 2021–2026 || [[Steve Rodan]]
|-
| [[Tricia Hillas]] || Bishop of Sodor and Man || Since 2024 || [[Peter Eagles]]
|-
| Walter Wannenburgh
|Attorney-General
| Since 2022
| [[John Quinn (advocate)|John Quinn]]
|-
| [[Tanya August-Phillips]]{{efn|Elected under the name of Tanya Humbles.}}
|rowspan=8|Elected members
|2018–2028
|rowspan="8" {{n/a}}
|-
|Paul Craine
|rowspan=2|2021–2028
|-
|Diane Kelsey
|-
| [[Rob Mercer]]
|2020-2030
|-
|| Peter Reid
| rowspan="3" |2025-2030
|-
| Gary Clueit
|-
| Kirstie Morphet
|-
|Dawn Kinnish
|2023–2028
|}

{{noteslist}}

==Membership of the council since 1990==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! Year
! width="225pt" | Reason for change
! width="150pt" | Previous
! Candidates
|-
!4 March 2025
|Scheduled election
|Robert Mercer Bill Henderson Peter Greenhill Kerry Sharpe
|Robert Mercer (elected) Peter Reid (elected) Gary Clueit (elected) Kirstie Morphet (elected) Julia Bell Ronald Berry Barry Carbis Mark Cleator Barry Duncan Matthew Gough Bill Henderson Andrew Jones Clair Newall Martyn Perkins Kerry Sharpe
|-
!14 March 2023
|Scheduled election
|Tanya August-Phillips Paul Craine Diane Kelsey Marlene Maska
|Tanya August-Phillips (elected) Paul Craine (elected) Diane Kelsey (elected) Dawn Kinnish (elected) Marie Birtles Brian Brumby Gary Clueit Kirrie Anne Jenkins Conor Keenan David Prictor Peter Reid
|-
!January 2022
|colspan=3|Death of John Quinn
|-
!23 November 2021
|Election of two MLCs as MHKs ||Jane Poole-Wilson Kate Lord-Brennan ||Paul Craine (elected) Diane Kelsey (elected) Bill Shimmins Corelli Bentham Craig Brown MaryBeth Coll Conor Keenan
|-
|colspan=4|In 2021 Steve Rodan reached the end of his term as President and was replaced by Laurence Skelly.
|- valign="top"
!rowspan=2|12 March 2020
|rowspan=2|Scheduled election
|rowspan=2|David Cretney Tim Crookall Bill Henderson Kerry Sharpe
|Peter Greenhill (elected) Bill Henderson (elected) Robert Mercer (elected) Kerry Sharpe (elected)
|-
|Danielle Bell Michelle Haywood Haafizah Hoosen Carole Lillywhite Zahed Miah 
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=3 | {{dts|2018|3|12|format=dmy}}
| rowspan=3 | Scheduled election, and casual vacancy by resignation<ref>
{{cite hansard
| jurisdiction=Isle of Man
| house=House of Keys
| date=12 March 2018
| title=12 March 2018 House of Keys Hansard
| volume=134
| series=14
| pages=699–708
| url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/business/hansard/20002020/k180312.pdf
| format=pdf
}}</ref>
| {{ubl
| Michael Coleman
| Geoff Corkish
| Jane Poole-Wilson
| Juan Turner
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Tanya Humbles (now Tanya August-Phillips)(elected)
| [[Marlene Hendy]] (now Marlene Maska)(elected)
| Kate Lord-Brennan (elected)
| Jane Poole-Wilson (elected)
}}
|-
| {{ubl
| David Anderson (resigned, term ending Feb 2020)
}}
| {{partial|}}{{ubl
| Kerry Sharpe (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| Kevin Cartledge
| Shirley Ellen Corlett
| Andrea Chambers
| Richard Furner
| Andrew Hardy
| Juan Kelly
| Dawn Joughin
| Alistair Ramsay
| John Skinner
| Christine Wheeler
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2017
| rowspan=2 | Casual vacancy by resignation
| Tony Wild
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Jane Poole-Wilson (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| Paul Beckett
| Alan Wright
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=3 | 2015
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| Phil Braidwood
| Dudley Butt
| Alan Crowe
| Alex Downie
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| David Anderson (elected)
| David Cretney (elected)
| Tim Crookall (elected)
| Bill Henderson (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| Paul Beckett
| Phil Braidwood
| Christopher Kinley
| Thomas Moyle
| Adrian Tinkler
}}
|- valign="top"
| colspan="3" | Note: As on other occasions, the 2015 elections took place over several sessions and many ballots. These candidates did not all take part in all the ballots. For the same reason it would not be useful to give the number of votes cast for each candidate.
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2013
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| [[David Callister]]
| [[Edmund Lowey]]
| [[Juan Turner]]
| [[Tony Wild]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Michael Coleman (Isle of Man politician)|Michael Coleman]] (elected)
| [[Geoff Corkish]] (elected)
| Juan Turner (elected)
| Tony Wild (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| Linda Bowers-Kasch
| Peter Hill
| Nigel Malpass
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2011
| rowspan=2 | Casual vacancy by elevation to [[President of Tynwald]]
| [[Clare Christian]]
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Tony Wild, 16 votes (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| Brian Rae, 5 votes
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2011
| rowspan=2 | Casual vacancy by resignation
| [[Noel Cringle]]
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Clare Christian]] (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| [[Tony Brown (Manx politician)|Tony Brown]]
| [[Steve Rodan]]
}}
|- valign="top"
! 2011
| Appointment of [[Attorney General]], following resignation
| [[John Corlett]] QC
| [[Stephen Harding (lawyer)|Stephen Harding]] QC
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2010
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| [[Alan Crowe]]
| [[Dudley Butt]]
| [[Alex Downie]]
| [[George Waft]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Phil Braidwood]] (elected)
| Dudley Butt (elected)
| Alan Crowe (elected)
| Alex Downie (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| Barbara Brereton
| [[Brenda Cannell]]
| [[John Skinner (Isle of Man politician)|John Skinner]]
| [[David Talbot (politician)|David Talbot]]
| George Waft
| [[Kevin Woodford]]
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2008
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| [[Clare Christian]]
| [[Pamela Crowe]]
| [[Edmund Lowey]]
| [[Juan Richard Turner|Juan Turner]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[David Callister]] (elected)
| [[Clare Christian]] (elected)
| [[Edmund Lowey]] (elected)
| [[Juan Richard Turner|Juan Turner]] (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| [[Pamela Crowe]]
| [[Simon Graley]]
| Dick Horsnell
}}
|- valign="top"
! 2008
| Appointment of Bishop of Sodor and Man
| [[Graeme Paul Knowles]]
| [[Robert Paterson (clergy)|Robert Paterson]]
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2007
| rowspan=2 | Casual vacancies by resignation
| {{ubl
| [[Donald Gelling]]
| [[Leonard Singer]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Alan Crowe]] (elected)
| [[Juan Richard Turner|Juan Turner]] (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| [[Charles Cain (Manx)|Charles Cain]]
| Peter Kelly
| John Lightfoot
| [[David Moore (Manx)|David Moore]]
| David Owens
| Richard Radcliffe
| [[Leonard Singer]]
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2005
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| [[Dominic Delaney]]
| [[Donald Gelling]]
| [[John Raymond Kniveton|Ray Kniveton]]
| [[George Waft]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Dudley Butt]] (elected)
| [[Alex Downie]] (elected)
| Donald Gelling (elected)
| George Waft (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| Dominic Delaney
| Howard Parkin
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=3 | 2003
| rowspan=3 | Scheduled election, and casual vacancy by resignation
| {{ubl
| [[Clare Christian]]
| [[Alan Crowe]]
| [[John Raymond Kniveton|Ray Kniveton]]
| [[Edmund Lowey]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Clare Christian]] (elected)
| [[Pamela Crowe]] (elected)
| [[Edmund Lowey]] (elected)
| [[Leonard Singer]] (elected)
}}
|-
| {{ubl
| [[Edgar Mann]] (resigned)
}}
| {{partial|}}{{ubl
| [[John Raymond Kniveton|Ray Kniveton]] (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| St John Bates
| Andrew Roy
| Roger Watterson{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
}}
|- valign="top"
! 2003
| Appointment of [[Bishop of Sodor and Man]], following resignation
| [[Noël Jones (Bishop of Sodor and Man)|Noël Jones]]
| [[Graeme Paul Knowles|Graeme Knowles]]
|- valign="top"
! 2002
| Casual vacancy by death
| [[Norman Radcliffe]]
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Donald Gelling]] (elected)
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 2000
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| [[Dominic Delaney]]
| [[Edgar Mann]]
| [[Norman Radcliffe]]
| [[George Waft]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Dominic Delaney (elected)
| Edgar Mann (elected)
| Norman Radcliffe (elected)
| George Waft (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| [[David North (politician)|David North]]
}}
|- valign="top"
! 2000
| Casual vacancy by resignation of the [[President of Tynwald]]
| [[Charles Kerruish]]
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| [[Noel Cringle]] (elected)
}}
|- valign="top"
! 1998
| Appointment of Attorney General, following promotion to [[First Deemster]]
| [[Mike Kerruish]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]]
| [[John Corlett]] QC
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 1998
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| [[Brian Barton (politician)|Brian Barton]]
| [[Clare Christian]]
| [[Edmund Lowey]]
| [[Arthur Luft]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Clare Christian (elected)
| [[Alan Crowe]] (elected)
| [[John Raymond Kniveton|Ray Kniveton]] (elected)
| Edmund Lowey (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| [[Charles Cain (Manx)|Charles Cain]]
| [[Andrew Douglas (Manx politician)|Andrew Douglas]]
| [[Adrian Duggan]]
| Robert Quayle
| Richard Radcliffe
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 1995
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| Arnold Callin
| Edward Clifford Irving
| Norman Radcliffe
| George Waft
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Dominic Delaney (elected)
| Edgar Mann (elected)
| Norman Radcliffe (elected)
| George Waft (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| ''Other nominations unknown''
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 1994
| rowspan=2 | Casual vacancy by death
| W K Quirk
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| George Waft (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| ''Other nominations unknown''
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 1993
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| [[Ian Anderson (Manx politician)|Ian Anderson]]
| [[Brian Barton (politician)|Brian Barton]]
| [[Edmund Lowey]]
| [[Arthur Luft]]
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Brian Barton, 15 votes (elected)
| [[Clare Christian]], 17 votes (elected)
| Edmund Lowey, 14 votes (elected)
| Arthur Luft, 16 votes (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| [[Norman Butler (politician)|Norman Butler]], 7 votes
| J A S Christian, 8 votes
| [[Charles Cain (Manx)|Charles Cain]], 6 votes
| R B M Quayle, 8 votes
| R Rawcliffe, 5 votes
}}
|- valign="top"
! rowspan=2 | 1990
| rowspan=2 | Scheduled election
| {{ubl
| Mr Callin
| Mr Irving
| Mr Quirk
| Mr Radcliffe
}}
| {{yes|}}{{ubl
| Arnold Callin (elected)
| Edward Clifford Irving (elected)
| Norman Radcliffe (elected)
| W K Quirk (elected)
}}
|-
|
| {{ubl
| John Callister Clucas
| Dominic Delaney
| A C Duggan
| David Moore
}}
|}

==Past membership==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! Position
! Tenure
! Replacing

|-
| [[Robert Paterson (clergy)|Robert Paterson]] || Bishop of Sodor and Man || 2008–2016 || [[Graeme Paul Knowles]]
|-
| [[Stephen Harding (lawyer)|Stephen Harding]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] || Attorney General || 2011–2013 || [[John Corlett]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Alan Crowe]]
| Elected member
| 1998–2002
| Brian Barton
|-
| Elected member
| 2007–2015
| Leonard Singer
|-
| [[Dudley Butt]] || Elected member || 2005–2015 || Dominic Delaney
|-
| [[Alex Downie]] || Elected member || 2005–2015 || Ray Kniveton
|-
| [[Phil Braidwood]] || Elected member || 2010–2015 || George Waft
|-
| [[Tony Wild]] || Elected member || 2011–2017 || Clare Christian
|-
| [[David Callister]] || Elected member || 2008–2013|| Pam Crowe
|-
| [[Edmund Lowey]] || Elected member || 1982–2013 || [[George Swales]]
|-
| [[Leonard Singer]] || Elected member || 2003–2006|| Alan Crowe
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Arthur Luft|Arthur Christian Luft]]
| Attorney General
| 1972–1974
| Lay
|-
| Elected member
| 1988–1998
| Ian Anderson
|-
| [[Jack Corrin|John William Corrin]] || Attorney General || 1974–1980 || Arthur Luft
|-
| [[William Cain (deemster)|Thomas William Cain]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] || Attorney General || 1980–1993 || Jack Corrin
|-
| [[Michael Kerruish]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] || Attorney General || 1993–1998 || William Cain
|-
| [[John Corlett]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] || Attorney General || 1998–2011 || Michael Kerruish
|-
| [[Graeme Paul Knowles|Graeme Knowles]] || Bishop of Sodor and Man || 2003–2008 || Noël Jones
|-
| [[Donald Gelling]] || Elected member || 2002–2007 || Norman Radcliffe
|-
| [[Clifford Irving (politician)|Clifford Irving]] || Elected member || 1987–1995 || Matty Ward
|-
| [[Noel Cringle]] || President of Tynwald || 2000–2011 || Sir Charles Kerruish
|-
| Sir [[Charles Kerruish]] || President of Tynwald || 1990–2000 || Ian Anderson
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Ian Anderson (Manx politician)|Ian Anderson]]
| Elected member
| 1982–1988
| [[Geoff Crellin]]
|-
| President of the Legislative Council
| 1988–1990
| Jack Nivison
|-
| Elected member
| 1990–1993
| {{n/a|New position, 8th elected member}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Jack Nivison]]
| Elected member
| 1962–1980
| [[Alfred Teare]]
|-
| President of the Legislative Council
| 1980–1988
| {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| The Venerable [[J. Kewley]] || [[Archdeacon of Sodor and Man|Archdeacon]]
| 1912–1919 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[Cyril Hughes-Games]] || [[Vicar General of the Isle of Man|Vicar General]]
| 1906–1919 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[Joseph Qualtrough]] || Elected member || 1919–1933 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| [[Joseph Cunningham (Manx)|Joseph Cunningham]] || Elected member || 1919–1924 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| [[R C Cain]] || Elected member || 1919–1924{{clarify|reason=Dates concurrent with member being replaced.|date=December 2018}} || Joseph Cunningham
|-
| [[John Robert Kerruish]] || Elected member || 1919–1924 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| [[William Southward]] || Elected member || 1919–1943 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| [[George Drinkwater]] || Appointee of Lieutenant Governor || 1919–1920 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| [[Richard Barton Quirk]] || Appointee of Lieutenant Governor || 1919–1942 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Sir John Bolton]]
| Appointed member
| 1962–1970
| John Crellin
|-
| Elected member
| 1971–1979
| [[Henry Nichols (Isle of Man politician)|Henry Nicholls]]
|-
| [[G C Gale]] || Elected member || 1964–1966 || Ewan Farrant
|-
| [[Ffinlo Corkill]] || Elected member || 1966–1974 || G C Gale
|-
| Major [[Geoffrey Crellin]] || Elected member || 1975–1982 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| [[Norman Crowe]] OBE JP|| Elected member || 1970–1978 || Cecil McFee
|-
| Captain [[John Crellin]] OBE MC JP || Appointed member || 1943–1962 || Daniel Teare
|-
| [[Betty Hanson]] || Elected member || 1982–1988 || Alfred Simcocks MBE
|-
| [[Robert Kerruish]] || Elected member || 1970–1985 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[Victor Kneale]] || Elected member || 1974–1981 || Hubert Radcliffe
|-
| [[Roy MacDonald (politician)|Roy MacDonald]] || Elected member || 1978–1985 || Norman Crowe
|-
| [[Cecil McFee]] || {{unk}} || 1962–1971 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[Alec Moore]] || Elected member || 1979–1985 || William E Quayle
|-
| [[Henry Nichols (Isle of Man politician)|Henry Nicholls]] || Elected member || 1958–1970 || Joseph Callister
|-
| [[William E Quayle]] || Elected member || 1970–1978 || {{n/a|New position}}
|-
| [[Willy Quirk]] || Elected member || 1987–1993 || Dr Edgar Mann
|-
| [[Norman Radcliffe]] || Elected member || 1985–2002 || Roy MacDonald
|-
| [[Percy Radcliffe]] || Elected member || 1980–1985 || Sir John Bolton
|-
| [[Alfred Simcocks]] MBE || Elected member || 1974–1982 || Ffinlo Corkhill
|-
| [[George Swales]] || Elected member || 1982–1982 || Victor Kneale
|-
| [[Matthew Ward (Isle of Man politician)|Matthew Ward]] || Elected member || 1985–1987 || Alec Moore
|-
| [[Arthur Attwell]] || Bishop of Sodor and Man || 1983–1988 || Vernon Nicholls
|-
| [[Noël Jones (Bishop of Sodor and Man)|Noël Jones]] || Bishop of Sodor and Man || 1989–2003 || Arthur Attwell
|-
| [[Vernon Nicholls]] || Bishop of Sodor and Man || 1973–1983 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[George Moore (Isle of Man politician)|George Moore]] || First Deemster || 1969–1974 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[Ralph Stevenson|Sir Ralph Stevenson GCMG CP JP]] || Appointed member || 1955–1970 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[William Watson Christian]] || {{unk}} || 1848–1867 || {{unk}}
|-
| The Rev. William Christian || {{unk}} || 1883–1887 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[William Quirk (politician)|William Quirk]] || {{unk}} || 1887–1893 || {{unk}}
|-
| William Anderson || Receiver General || 1894–1909 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[John Cowell (politician)|John Cowell]] || Receiver General || 1909–1919 || William Anderson
|-
|[[John Goldie-Taubman]]||Appointed member|| 1921–1924 || George Drinkwater
|-
|[[Edward Callister]]||Elected member|| 1921–1931 || John Robert Kerruish
|-
|[[John Clucas]]||Appointed member||1924–1928|| John Goldie-Taubman
|-
|[[Frank Dagleish]]||Elected member||1931–1946|| Edward Callister
|-
| [[Charles Gill (Isle of Man politician)|Charles Gill]] || Elected member || 1934–1954 || Arthur Crookall
|-
| [[Arthur Crookall]] || Elected member || 1934–1935 || Joseph Qualtrough
|-
| [[Joseph Callister]] || Elected member || 1946–1958 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[Ewan Farrant]] || Elected member || 1954–1964 || {{unk}}
|-
| [[Hubert Radcliffe]] || {{unk}} || 1963–1974 || {{unk}}
|}

==Historical composition==

===Original===

The original function of the Legislative Council was [[Executive (government)|executive]] (i.e. giving advice to the Lieutenant Governor — or Lords of Mann prior to Revestment) and its membership was entirely appointed, as follows:

*[[Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man|Lieutenant Governor]]
*[[Bishop of Sodor and Man]]
*[[First Deemster]]
*[[Second Deemster]]
*[[Clerk of the Rolls]] (Position amalgamated with the First Deemster in 1918.)
*[[Attorney General (Isle of Man)|Attorney General]]
*[[Receiver General of the Isle of Man|Receiver General]]
*[[Water Bailiff]] (position dissolved 1885)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/education/history/1919/Pages/LegCo-upto-1919.aspx |title=Tynwald - Parliament of the Isle of Man - Legislative Council up to 1919 |access-date=2019-11-28 |archive-date=2020-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611100630/http://www.tynwald.org.im/education/history/1919/Pages/LegCo-upto-1919.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Archdeacon of Sodor and Man]]
*[[Vicar General of Sodor and Man]] (At various times there were two of these.)
Historically the "Comptroller" (a position sometimes held together with another office such as that of Receiver-General) and an "Archdeacon's Official" were also members.
Before the [[English Reformation|Reformation]] the Council included other prelates, such as the [[Rushen Abbey|Abbot of Rushen]].

The first seven were Crown appointments and the last two appointments by the Bishop. Reforms were slowly made to reduce the number of judicial and religious appointments and these members were slowly replaced by indirectly elected members.

===1917 reform===

In 1917, the Judicature (Amendment) Act introduced by the Legislative Council removed Clerk of the Rolls from the composition of the Council. It then consisted of the following members:

* Lieutenant Governor
* Bishop of Sodor and Man
* First Deemster
* Second Deemster
* Attorney General
* Receiver General
* Archdeacon of Sodor and Man
* Vicar General of Sodor and Man

===1919 reform===

In 1919, The Archdeacon; the Vicar General; and the Receiver General were removed as ''ex officio'' members of the Council by the [[Isle of Man Constitution Amendment Act 1919]]. The members were thus:

*Lieutenant Governor
*First Deemster
*Second Deemster
*Attorney General
*Bishop of Sodor and Man
*Two members appointed by the Lieutenant Governor
*Four members elected by the House of Keys

===1961 reform===

Increased the number of elected members from four to five.

===1965 reform===
The Second Deemster lost his seat in the Council. The members were thus:

*Lieutenant Governor
*First Deemster
*Attorney General
*Bishop of Sodor and Man
*Two members appointed by the Lieutenant Governor
*Five members elected by the House of Keys

===1969 reform===

The Isle of Man Constitution Act 1969 removed the two appointed members of the Legislative Council. The members were thus:<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 1969 |title=REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL |url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/spfile?file=/business/hansard/19601980/LC-19690603-v0086.pdf |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=www.tynwald.org.im}}</ref>

* Lieutenant Governor
* First Deemster
* Attorney General
* Bishop of Sodor and Man
* Seven members elected by the House of Keys

===1971 reform===
The Isle of Man Constitution Act 1971 removed the Attorney-General's vote, and he no longer counted towards a quorum.

===1975 reform===
The First Deemster lost his seat in the Council, by virtue of the [[Isle of Man Constitution (Amendment) Act 1975]]. The members were thus:

*Lieutenant Governor
*Attorney General
*Bishop of Sodor and Man
*Eight members elected by the House of Keys

===1980 reform===
The Lieutenant Governor was removed as Presiding Officer and replaced by an indirectly elected [[President of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man|President of the Legislative Council]]. The Governor still presided at joint sittings of Tynwald. The members were thus:

*President of the Legislative Council
*Attorney General
*Bishop of Sodor and Man
*Eight members elected by the House of Keys

==References==
<references />

{{UK legislatures}}
{{National upper houses}}
{{coord|54|09|03|N|4|28|56|W|display=title|region:IM_type:landmark}}

[[Category:Government of the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Politics of the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:National upper houses|Man]]
[[Category:Tynwald]]

Rushen

2025-04-16T08:55:51Z

5.253.76.1:

{{short description|Parish on the Isle of Man}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place
|crown_dependency = Isle of Man
|official_name = Rushen
|manx_name = Rosien
|coordinates = {{coord|54.084722|-4.7475|display=inline,title}}
|population = 1,537
|population_ref = <ref name="census-2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/media/1355784/2016-isle-of-man-census-report.pdf|format=PDF|title=2016 Isle of Man Census Report|website=Gov.im|access-date=19 July 2019}}</ref>
|manx_sheading = [[Rushen (sheading)|Rushen]]
|constituency_manx_parliament = [[Rushen (constituency)|Rushen]]
|post_town = ISLE OF MAN
|postcode_district = IM9
|postcode_area = IM
|map_type = nomap
|os_grid_reference = SC203689
|douglas_distance =
|static_image_name = Parish-Rushen.svg
|static_image_width = 175
|static_image_caption = Parish of Rushen, [[Isle of Man]]
|hide_services = yes
}}

'''Rushen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ʊ|ʃ|ən}} {{respell|RUUSH|ən}}; {{langx|gv|'''Rosien'''}}), formally '''Kirk Christ Rushen''', is one of the seventeen historic [[List of parishes of the Isle of Man|parishes]] of the [[Isle of Man]].

It is located in the south of the island (part of the traditional ''South Side'' division) in the sheading of [[Rushen (sheading)|the same name]].

Administratively, part of the historic parish of Rushen, and the majority of the population, is now covered by the [[village]] [[district]]s of [[Port Erin]] and [[Port St Mary]]. As a result, there is an [[exclave]] of the parish district which includes the [[Calf of Man]].

Other settlements in the parish include [[Cregneash]].

==Local government==
For the purposes of [[local government in the Isle of Man|local government]], the majority of the area of the historic parish formed a single parish [[district]], with [[Commissioner]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rushen-commissioners.com/ |title=Rushen Parish Commissioners |author= |access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref> but this has now been amalgamated with [[Arbory]].(See [[Arbory and Rushen]].)

Since the 1880s, two areas of the historic parish of Rushen have been the separate village districts of Port Erin and Port St Mary, each with its own village commissioners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.porterin.gov.im/ |title=Port Erin Commissioners |author= |access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portstmary.gov.im/ |title=Port St Mary Commissioners |author= |access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>

The [[Captain of the Parish]] (since 2023) is Paul Costain.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.culturevannin.im/parishcaptains/captains.html |title=Captains of the Parishes |author= |publisher=Culture Vannin |access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>

==Politics==
Rushen parish is split between two [[House of Keys constituencies]]: [[Rushen (constituency)|Rushen]], covering the majority of the parish including Port Erin and Port St Mary, and the [[Arbory, Castletown & Malew]] constituency, which covers the eastern part of the historic parish. Each constituency elects two Members to the [[House of Keys]]. Before 2016, the whole parish was in the Rushen constituency.

==Geography==
Rushen parish includes the southwestern extremity of the island, together with the [[Calf of Man]], along with its rocky outcrops [[Kitterland]] and [[Chicken Rock]], and encompasses an area of about {{convert|10|sqmi|km2}}. It stretches along the coast from Strandhall (located about halfway between [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]] and [[Port St Mary]]) to the precipices west of [[Cronk ny Arrey Laa|Cronk ny Irrey Laa]] (Hill of the Day Watch, also spelled Arrey), known as the Stacks or the Slogh, covering a distance of {{convert|16|mi|km}}. The principal headlands are Kallow Point, Black Head, Spanish Head ({{Convert|350|ft|m}}), and Bradda Head ({{Convert|766|ft|m}}); and the main inlets include Port St Mary Bay, Perwick Bay, Bay Stacka, Port Erin Bay, and Fleshwick Bay.

The west of the parish is hilly, extending southwards from Cronk ny Irrey Laa ({{convert|437|m|ft}}, the highest point in the parish) along the western coast to Lhiattee ny Beinnee, Bradda Hill, Mull Hill, and the Sound, across which the ridge continues onto the Calf.

[[Port St Mary]] and [[Port Erin]] are the only significant settlements in the area, although they have now expanded to form a single continuous settlement. [[Cregneash]] is a small village and folk museum near [[Mull Hill]].<ref name="iom-rushen">
{{cite web
| title = Rushen Parish
| publisher = isleofman.com
| url = http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/parishes/rn/index.htm
| access-date = 2008-10-14}}</ref>

==Demographics==
The Isle of Man census of 2016 recorded a parish population of 1,537, indicating a decrease of 6% from the figure of 1,629 in 2011.<ref name="census-2016" /> At the time of the 2011 census, 2.64% of the parish population were able to speak [[Manx Gaelic]].

== Rushen Internment Camp in World War Two ==
Rushen was repurposed as a detention camp during World War II, accommodating over 3,500 women and children. These internees, considered "enemy aliens," included many refugees who had previously fled persecution in Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-05-29|title=Europe's only all-female WW2 internment camp remembered|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-32810383|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=WW2's only all-female detention camp|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-isle-of-man-32831664|access-date=2021-01-26}}</ref>

The camp, which operated from 30 May 1940 to September 1945, was the only civilian camp on the island which held women and children as civilian internees.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cresswell |first=Yvonne M. |date=2020-09-25 |title=Rushen Camp: Second World War Internment on the Isle of Man iMuseum |url=https://www.imuseum.im/rushen-camp-second-world-war-internment-on-the-isle-of-man/ |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=imuseum.im |publisher=Manx National Heritage}}</ref> Some of the detainees were lodged with local families, while others were housed in requisitioned boarding houses. The male detainees were held in Douglas.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/parishes/rn/rushen.htm Manxnotebook - Rushen] with full description of the parish
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081031033703/http://www.braddan.gov.im/upload/map%20of%20local%20districts%20and%20parishes.pdf Isle of Man Building Control Districts] showing parish boundaries
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121005609/http://great.outdoors.com/manxglens Great.Outdoors.com/ManxGlens Glenology - Manx Glens] An ongoing study of Manx glens, their locations and meanings.
*[http://rushen-commissioners.com/ Rushen Parish Commissioners]
*[http://www.geohive.com/cd/link.php?xml=im&xsl=neo1 GeoHive Census Information]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091102151345/http://www.tynwald.org.im/keys/election.shtml Constituency maps and general election results]

{{Isle of Man}}

[[Category:Parishes of the Isle of Man]]
[[Category:Constituencies of the Isle of Man]]

Economy of the Isle of Man

2025-01-22T08:04:32Z

5.253.76.1: /* Taxation and trade */

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:BritishIslesMan.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Location of the Isle of Man within the [[British Isles]]]]
The '''economy of the [[Isle of Man]]''' is a low-tax economy with [[insurance]], [[online gambling]] operators and developers, [[information and communications technology]] (ICT), and [[offshore bank]]ing forming key sectors of the island's [[economics|economy]].

As an [[offshore financial centre]] located in the [[Irish Sea]], the [[Isle of Man]] is within the British Isles but does not form part of the United Kingdom and was never a part of the [[European Union]].

As of 2016, the [[Crown dependencies|Crown dependency]]'s [[gross national income]] (GNI) per capita was US$89,970 as assessed by the [[World Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIPC.pdf|title=World Bank 2016: Gross national income by capita|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=12 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912071238/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIpc.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Isle of Man Government]]'s own National Income Report shows the largest sectors of the economy are insurance and [[Online gambling|eGaming]] with 17% of GNI each, followed by [[Information and communications technology|ICT]] and banking with 9% each, with tourist accommodation in the lowest sector at 0.3%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/media/1359185/national-income-2015-16-report-final.pdf|title=Isle of Man: National Income Report|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204062715/https://www.gov.im/media/1359185/national-income-2015-16-report-final.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Economic performance ==
After 32 years of continued [[Gross domestic product|Gross Domestic Product]] (GDP) growth, the financial year 2015/16 showed the first drop in GDP, of 0.9%, triggered by decline in eGaming revenues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-41944297|title=BBC: Isle of Man GDP|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=12 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212181314/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-41944297|url-status=live}}</ref>

The unemployment rate is around 5%.

Property prices are flat or declining, but recent figures also show an increase in resident income tax payers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.three.fm/news/isle-of-man-business/taxpayer-numbers-on-the-up/|title=Three.fm: taxpayer numbers up|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206140004/http://www.three.fm/news/isle-of-man-business/taxpayer-numbers-on-the-up/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The government's policy of offering incentives to high-technology companies and financial institutions to locate on the island has expanded employment opportunities in high-income industries. [[Agriculture]], [[fishing]], and the hospitality industry, once the mainstays of the economy, now make declining contributions to the island's GNP. The hospitality sector contributed just of 0.3% of GNP in 2015/16,<ref name=":1" /> and 629 jobs in 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Isle of Man in numbers 2017|url=https://www.gov.im/media/1350838/2017-03-30-isle-of-man-in-numbers-2017-report-online-version.pdf|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206135832/https://www.gov.im/media/1350838/2017-03-30-isle-of-man-in-numbers-2017-report-online-version.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> eGaming and ICT contribute the great bulk of GNP.<ref name=":1" /> The stability of the island's government and its openness for business make the Isle of Man an attractive alternative jurisdiction (DAW Index ranked 3).

== Economic strategy ==
In the Vision2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whereyoucan.com/vision2020|title=Isle of Man Government: Vision2020|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=10 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610200728/http://www.whereyoucan.com/vision2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Isle of Man government lays out the national strategy of economic growth, seeking an increase of the economically active population an promoting the Island as an <nowiki>'Enterprise Island, ''Tech Isle', 'Manufacturing centre of excellence', 'Offshore energy hub', 'Destination Island' and for 'Distinctive local food and drink'</nowiki>. The government has published its national economic strategies for several emerging sectors: aerospace,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aerospace.co.im/images/files/library/3%20year%20strategy%20-%20%20the%20isle%20of%20man%20aerospace%20cluster%20%202017%202020%20protected.pdf|title=Isle of Man aerospace cluster: 3 year strategy|access-date=3 December 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> biomed,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manxbiomed.im/ibweb/res/pdf/pdf/Strategy%20Dave%20Taggart.pdf|title=Manx biomed strategy|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171146/http://www.manxbiomed.im/ibweb/res/pdf/pdf/Strategy%20Dave%20Taggart.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> digital media,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isleofmedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Isle-of-Media-National-Strategy.pdf|title=Isle of Man Digital Media Cluster: Strategic Directions|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222064658/http://isleofmedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Isle-of-Media-National-Strategy.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ICT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/e7ee8c_6aab19b8d21d4d8f80517dfaef5004d8.pdf|title=MICTA Positioning Paper Isle of Man Government Digital Strategy|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=3 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224538/http://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/e7ee8c_6aab19b8d21d4d8f80517dfaef5004d8.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Taxation and trade ==

=== Tax rates ===
The Isle of Man is a low-tax economy with no [[capital gains tax]], [[wealth tax]], [[stamp duty]], or [[inheritance tax]]; and a top rate of [[income tax]] of 22%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/categories/tax-vat-and-your-money/income-tax-and-national-insurance/individuals/residents/rates-and-allowances/|title=Isle of Man government: Rates and allowances|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=26 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626220519/https://www.gov.im/categories/tax-vat-and-your-money/income-tax-and-national-insurance/individuals/residents/rates-and-allowances/|url-status=live}}</ref> A tax cap is in force: the maximum amount of tax payable by an individual is £200,000; or £400,000 for couples if they choose to have their incomes jointly assessed. Personal income is assessed and taxed on a total worldwide income basis rather than on a [[remittance]] basis. This means that all income earned throughout the world is assessable for Manx tax, rather than only income earned in or brought into the Island.

The standard rate of [[Corporate tax|corporation tax]] for residents and non-residents is 0%; retail business profits above £500,000 and banking business income are taxed at 10%, and rental (or other) income from land and buildings situated on the Isle of Man is taxed at 22%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/categories/tax-vat-and-your-money/income-tax-and-national-insurance/business-and-corporations/corporate-tax-rates/|title=Isle of Man Government: Corporate Tax Rates|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129171851/https://www.gov.im/categories/tax-vat-and-your-money/income-tax-and-national-insurance/business-and-corporations/corporate-tax-rates/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Trade ===
Trade is mostly with the [[United Kingdom]]. The Isle of Man has free access to [[European Union]] markets for goods, but only has restricted access for services, people, or financial products.

=== Tax transparency and the offshore banking debate ===
The Isle of Man as an [[offshore financial centre]] has been repeatedly featured in the press as a [[tax haven]], most recently in the wake of the [[Paradise Papers]].

The [[OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]'s (OECD) [[Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes]] has rated the Isle of Man as 'top compliant' for a second time: a status which only three jurisdictions in the world have achieved so far.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/article.cfm?id=37105&headline=Isle%20of%20Man%20complies%20with%20international%20standards&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2017|title=Isle of Man Newspapers: OECD ranking|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-date=19 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119130151/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/article.cfm?id=37105&headline=Isle%20of%20Man%20complies%20with%20international%20standards&sectionIs=NEWS&searchyear=2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The island has become the second nation after Austria to ratify a multilateral convention<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mnetax.com/isle-man-government-news-24594|title=Isle of Man ratifies multilateral treaty aimed at tax avoidance|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209175328/https://mnetax.com/isle-man-government-news-24594|url-status=live}}</ref> with the OECD to implement measures to prevent [[Base erosion and profit shifting (OECD project)|Base Erosion and Profit Shifting]] (BEPS).

In a report<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/12/05/taxation-council-publishes-an-eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/|title=EU Council publishes list of non-cooperative jurisdictions|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206010502/http://consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/12/05/taxation-council-publishes-an-eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[European Council]] lists the Isle of Man together with the other two [[Crown dependencies|Crown Dependencies]] ([[Guernsey]] and [[Jersey]]) as well as Bermuda, the Cayman Islands and Vanuatu, as committed to addressing the Council's concerns of "Existence of tax regimes that facilitate offshore structures which attract profits without real economic activity" by 2018.

== Sectors ==
The Isle of Man's [[Department for Enterprise (Isle of Man)|Department for Enterprise]] manages the diversified economy in twelve key sectors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whereyoucan.com/sectors|title=Department for Enterprise: Key sectors|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=3 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203153908/http://www.whereyoucan.com/sectors|url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest individual sectors by GNI are insurance and [[Online gambling|eGaming]] with 17% of GNI each, followed by [[Information and communications technology|ICT]] and banking with 9% each. The 2016 census lists 41,636 total employed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/media/1355784/2016-isle-of-man-census-report.pdf|title=Isle of Man Census 2016|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721101535/https://www.gov.im/media/1355784/2016-isle-of-man-census-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The largest sectors by employment are "medical and health", "financial and business services", construction, retail and public administration. Manufacturing, focused on aerospace and the food and drink industry, employs almost 2000 workers and contributes about 5% of GDP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whereyoucan.com/manufacturing|title=Department for Enterprise: Manufacturing|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=3 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203153911/http://www.whereyoucan.com/manufacturing|url-status=dead}}</ref> The sector provides laser optics, industrial diamonds, electronics, plastics and aerospace precision engineering.

===Finance sector===
Insurance, banking (includes [[retail banking]], [[offshore banking]] and other banking services), other finance and business services, and corporate service providers together contribute the most to the GNI<ref name=":1" /> and most of the jobs, with 10,057 people employed in 2016.<ref name=":2" />

===eGaming & ICT===
Among the largest employers of the Island's private sector are eGaming ([[online gambling]]) companies like [[The Stars Group]], [[Microgaming]], Newfield, and [[Playtech]]. The Manx eGaming Association MEGA is representing the sector. Licenses are issued by the Gambling Supervision Commission.

In 2005 [[PokerStars]], one of the world's largest [[online poker]] sites, relocated its headquarters to the Isle of Man from [[Costa Rica]]. In 2006, [[RNG Gaming]] a large gaming software developer of P2P tournaments and [[Get21]], a multiplayer online blackjack site, based their corporate offices on the island.

The Isle of Man Government Lottery operated from 1986 to 1997. Since 2 December 1999 the island has participated in the [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)|United Kingdom National Lottery]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ontheisleofman.com/can-i-play-the-national-lottery-on-the-isle-of-man/ |title=Can I Play The National Lottery On The Isle of Man? |access-date=2011-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630005340/http://www.ontheisleofman.com/can-i-play-the-national-lottery-on-the-isle-of-man/ |archive-date=2017-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lottery.merseyworld.com/Info/Diary.html |title=UK National Lottery Diary |access-date=23 December 2011 |archive-date=19 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319210353/http://lottery.merseyworld.com/Info/Diary.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The island is the only jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom where it is possible to play the UK National Lottery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.national-lottery.co.uk/player/p/help/faqs.ftl#int_GetStarted2 |title=National Lottery FAQ:Can I play while overseas? |access-date=2011-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703194651/https://www.national-lottery.co.uk/player/p/help/faqs.ftl#int_GetStarted2 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2010 it has also been possible for projects in the Isle of Man to receive national lottery [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)#Good causes|Good Causes Funding]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10361512 |title=Manx charities to benefit from lottery |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-date=22 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922095859/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10361512 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldconst/151/15107.htm |title=APPENDIX 4: CORRESPONDENCE ON THE NATIONAL LOTTERY BILL Paliment.uk |access-date=31 August 2017 |archive-date=18 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218051045/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldconst/151/15107.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The good causes funding is distributed by the Manx Lottery Trust.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mlt.org.im/ |title=Manx lottery Trust |access-date=23 December 2011 |archive-date=2 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302163433/http://www.mlt.org.im/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tynwald]] receives the 12p lottery duty for tickets sold in the Island.

The shortage of workers with ICT skills is tackled by several initiatives, like an IT and education campus,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerweekly.com/news/450401203/Isle-of-Man-launches-IT-and-education-campus-to-share-tech-skills|title=Isle of Man launches IT campus|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207083735/http://www.computerweekly.com/news/450401203/Isle-of-Man-launches-IT-and-education-campus-to-share-tech-skills|url-status=live}}</ref> a new cyber security degree at the University College of Man,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://manx.net/isle-of-man-news/82944/cybersecurity-degree-launched-at-ucm|title=UCM: Launch of Cyber Security Degree|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084307/http://manx.net/isle-of-man-news/82944/cybersecurity-degree-launched-at-ucm|url-status=dead}}</ref> a Code Club,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isleofman.com/News/details/82274/exciting-times-at-the-isle-of-man-code-club|title=Code Club Isle of Man|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084516/http://www.isleofman.com/News/details/82274/exciting-times-at-the-isle-of-man-code-club|url-status=live}}</ref> and a work permit waiver for skilled immigrants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/categories/working-in-the-isle-of-man/work-permits/exemptions/ict-and-e-business/|title=Isle of Man government: Work permit waiver|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084611/https://www.gov.im/categories/working-in-the-isle-of-man/work-permits/exemptions/ict-and-e-business/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Filmmaking and digital media===
Since 1995 Isle of Man Film has co-financed and co-produced over 100 feature film and television dramas which have all filmed on the Island.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.isleofmanfilm.com/about/|title=Isle of Man Film|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061234/https://www.isleofmanfilm.com/about/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Among the most successful productions funded in part by [[Isle of Man Film]] agency were ''[[Waking Ned]]'', where the Manx countryside stood in for rural [[Ireland]], and films like ''[[Stormbreaker (film)|Stormbreaker]]'', ''[[Shergar]]'', ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays (2005 film)|Tom Brown's Schooldays]]'', ''[[I Capture the Castle (film)|I Capture the Castle]]'', ''[[The Libertine (2004 film)|The Libertine]]'', ''[[Island at War]]'' (TV series), ''[[Five Children and It (film)|Five Children and It]]'', ''[[Colour Me Kubrick]]'', ''[[Sparkle (2007 film)|Sparkle]]'', and others. Other films that have been filmed on the Isle of Man include ''[[Thomas and the Magic Railroad]]'', ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'', ''[[Keeping Mum]] and [[Mindhorn]].''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isleofmanfilm.com/productions/|title=Isle of Man Film Productions|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061336/https://www.isleofmanfilm.com/productions/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

2011 Isle of Man Film Oxford Economics was commissioned by Isle of Man Film Ltd to conduct a study into the economic impact of the film industry on the Isle of. Man.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/business/opqp/sittings/20112014/2012-NN-0100.pdf|title=Oxford Economics: The economic impact of the film industry on the Isle of Man|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171214/http://www.tynwald.org.im/business/opqp/sittings/20112014/2012-NN-0100.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The recommendation of this report for Isle of Man Film was to partner with a more established film institution in the UK to source more Isle of Man film production opportunities. This led to the investment of the Isle of Man Government to take shares in [[Pinewood Group|Pinewood Shepperton Plc]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jun/06/isle-man-acquire-pinewood-studios|title=Isle of Man acquire Pinewood Studios|access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref> which were sold later with profit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.three.fm/news/isle-of-man-business/profit-made-on-sale-of-pinewood-shares/|title=Profit made on sale of Pinewood shares|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114538/http://www.three.fm/news/isle-of-man-business/profit-made-on-sale-of-pinewood-shares/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Once one of the busiest areas of film production in the British Isles, the Isle of Man hopes to use its strong foundation in film to grow its television and new digital media industry.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isleofmedia.org/|title=Isle of Media|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204065720/http://isleofmedia.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a recent [[Department of Economic Development (Isle of Man)|Isle of Man Department of Economic Development]] strategic review,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/media/1357890/department-of-economic-development-strategic-review.pdf|title=Department for Economic Development: Strategic Review|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031546/https://www.gov.im/media/1357890/department-of-economic-development-strategic-review.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the Island's over 2,000 jobs counting digital sector features 'digital media' and the [[creative industries]], and embraces partnerships with the industry and its individual sector bodies like the [[Isle of Media]], a new media cluster.

===Motorsports===
Hosting of motorsports events, like the [[Rally Isle of Man|Isle of Man Car Rally]] and the more-prominent [[Isle of Man TT|TT motorcycle races]], contributes to the tourism economy.

=== Tourism ===
[[Tourism in the Isle of Man]] developed from advances in transport to the island. In 1819 the first steamship ''Robert Bruce'' came to the island, only seven years after the first [[steam vessel]] in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|UK]]. In the 1820s, tourism was growing due to improved transport.<ref>[[#Bir64|Birch 1964]]: 32</ref> The island government's own report for the financial years 2014/15-2015/16 shows tourist accommodation to be in the lowest sector at 0.3%, ranking slightly above 'mining and quarrying' (0.1%).<ref name=":1"/>

==Infrastructure==

=== Electricity ===
Since 1999, the Isle of Man has received [[electricity]] through the world's second longest submarine AC cable, the 90 [[Volt|kV]] [[Isle of Man to England Interconnector]], as well as from a natural gas power station in [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]], an oil power station in [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]] and a small hydro-electric power station in [[Sulby Glen]].

=== Gas ===
{{Main|Isle of Man gas industry}}

Gas for lighting and heating has been supplied to users on the Isle of Man since 1836, firstly as [[Coal gas|town gas]], then as [[Liquefied petroleum gas|liquid petroleum gas]] (LPG); since 2003 [[natural gas]] has been available. The future use of hydrogen as a supplementary or substitute fuel is being studied.

=== Broadband ===
The Island is connected with five [[submarine cable]]s to the UK and Ireland.

While the Isle of Man Communications Commission refers to [[Akamai Technologies|Akamai]]’s recent State of the Internet Report for Q1 2017, with "the Island ranked 8th in the world for percentage of broadband connections with >4 Mb/s connectivity, with 96% of users connecting at speeds greater than 4 Mb/s",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iomcc.im/telecoms/|title=Communications Commission: Telecoms|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074631/https://www.iomcc.im/telecoms/|url-status=live}}</ref> an "international league table of broadband speeds puts the Isle of Man at 50th in the world".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/article.cfm?id=35445&headline=Survey%20places%20the%20Isle%20of%20Man%20at%2050th%20in%20the%20world%20in%20broadband%20speed%20league%20-%20that%27s%20below%20the%20UK%20and%20Jersey;%20Manx%20Telecom%20says%20the%20data%20is%20not%20conclusive&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2017|title=Survey places the Isle of Man at 50th in the world in broadband speed|access-date=5 December 2017}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Manx Telecom]] recently announced to roll out [[Fibre to the home|Fibre-to-the-Home]] (FTTH) superfast broadband with download speeds of up to 1Gigabit per second.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isleofman.com/News/details/83167/manx-telecom-invests-in-faster-fibre-broadband|title=Manx Telecom rolls out FTTH|access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref>

=== Travel links ===
[[Isle of Man Airport|Ronaldsway Airport]] links the Isle of Man with six airlines to eleven UK and Irish scheduled flight destinations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.im/categories/travel-traffic-and-motoring/isle-of-man-airport/flight-destinations-and-timetables/|title=Isle of Man Government: Flight destinations and timetables|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070040/https://www.gov.im/categories/travel-traffic-and-motoring/isle-of-man-airport/flight-destinations-and-timetables/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Steam Packet Company provides ferry services to Liverpool, Heysham, Belfast and Dublin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.steam-packet.com/OurPorts?__SPCoWinID=4f12fbdb-9b1e-4f43-ac2a-7400668f5558|title=Steam Packet: POrts|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074607/https://www.steam-packet.com/OurPorts?__SPCoWinID=4f12fbdb-9b1e-4f43-ac2a-7400668f5558|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Statistics ==
'''Labour force—by occupation:'''
[[agriculture]], [[forestry]] and [[fishing]] 3%, [[manufacturing]] 11%, [[construction]] 10%, [[transport]] and [[communication]] 8%, wholesale and retail [[distribution (business)|distribution]] 11%, professional and [[science|scientific]] services 18%, [[public administration]] 6%, [[banking]] and [[finance]] 18%, [[tourism]] 2%, [[entertainment]] and [[catering]] 3%, miscellaneous services 10%

'''[[Unemployment]] rate:'''
nominally 5.0% (July 2020)<ref>[https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/economic-affairs-division/unemployment/ Isle of Man Labour Market Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214507/https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/economic-affairs-division/unemployment/ |date=2 June 2021 }}, July 2020, retrieved 8 September 2020</ref>

'''Industries:'''
financial services, light manufacturing, tourism

'''Agriculture—products:'''
[[cereal]]s, [[vegetable]]s, [[cattle]], [[domestic sheep|sheep]], [[pig]]s, [[poultry]]

'''Exports:'''
$NA

'''Exports—commodities:'''
[[tweed (cloth)|tweed]]s, [[herring]], processed [[shellfish]], [[beef]], [[domestic sheep|lamb]]

'''Exports—partners:'''
UK

'''Imports:'''
$NA

'''Imports—commodities:'''
[[timber]], [[fertilizer]]s, [[fish]]

'''Imports—partners:'''
UK

'''Debt—external:'''
$NA

'''Economic aid—recipient:'''
$NA

'''[[Currency]]:'''
1 [[Isle of Man pound]] = 100 pence

'''Exchange rates:'''
the Manx pound is at par with the British pound

'''Fiscal year:'''
1 April – 31 March

==See also==
{{Portal|Money}}
*[[Economy of Europe]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book | last=Birch | first=Jack William | year=1964 | title=Isle of Man | url=https://archive.org/details/isleofmanstudyin0000birc | url-access=registration |series=Publications of the University of Bristol | publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=Bir64}}

[[Category:Economy of the Isle of Man| ]]
[[Category:Economies of Europe by dependent territory|Isle of Man]]

List of roads in the Isle of Man

2024-07-17T13:55:47Z

5.253.76.1:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Isle of Man map of roads.png|thumb|right|150 px|Overview map of [[roads in the Isle of Man]].]]
{{inc-transport|date=October 2021}}

=="A" roads==
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Road
! width="100pt"|From
! width="100pt"|To
! width="300pt"|Notes
! width="80pt"|Coordinates
! Route Map
|- id="A1 road"
| [[File:UK road A1.svg|40px]] '''A1'''
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]]
| Including the A1 Peel Road joining the A2 and A5 at the [[Quarterbridge, Isle of Man|Quarterbridge]] and the A3 at [[Ballacraine]]. Connects A8 and Douglas on the east of the Island with Peel on the west. In Douglas the road is known as '''Peel road''' and in Peel as '''Douglas road'''. The A1 passes through [[Union Mills]], [[Crosby, Isle of Man|Crosby]] and [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]].
| {{coord|54.19232|N|4.58637|W|region:GB_dim:5000}}
| [[File:Isle of Man A1 road (OpenStreetMap).png|100px|thumb|right|Route of the A1 road]]
|- id="A2 road"
| [[File:UK road A2.svg|40px]] '''A2'''
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]]
| Connects Douglas with Ramsey in the north. The road follows the east coast of the Island and passes through [[Laxey]] at the midpoint.
| {{coord|54.24542|N|4.3729|W|region:GB_dim:5000}}
| [[File:Isle of Man A2 road (OpenStreetMap).png|100px|thumb|right|Route of the A2 road]]
|- id="A3 road"
| [[File:UK road A3.svg|40px]] '''A3'''
| [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]]
| [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]]
| Connects Castletown in the south with Ramsey in the north. The A3 passes through [[Foxdale]], [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]], [[Kirk Michael]] and [[Sulby, Isle of Man|Sulby]]. Between [[Ballacraine]] and Ramsey, the road forms part of the [[Snaefell Mountain Course]] over which the [[Isle of Man TT]] races are run each year.
| {{coord|54.24421|N|4.60147|W|region:GB_dim:10000}}
| [[File:Isle of Man A3 road (OpenStreetMap).png|100px|thumb|right|Route of the A3 road]]
|- id="A4 road"
| [[File:UK road A4.svg|40px]] '''A4'''
| [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]]
| [[Kirk Michael]]
| Connects Peel with Kirk Michael on the west coast.
| {{coord|54.25429|N|4.63039|W|region:GB_dim:2500}}
|
|- id="A5 road"
| [[File:UK road A5.svg|40px]] '''A5'''
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| [[Port Erin]]
| Also called '''New Castletown Road'''; connects Douglas with Port Erin in the south via Richmond Hill. The A5 passes through [[Santon, Isle of Man|Santon]], [[Ballasalla]] and [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]] before skirting [[Gansey Bay]] and passing the northern side of [[Port St Mary]]. Between Santon and Ballasalla, the road passes over the [[Fairy Bridge (Isle of Man)|Fairy Bridge]].
| {{coord|54.12015|N|4.58353|W|region:GB_dim:10000}}
| [[File:Isle of Man A5 road (OpenStreetMap).png|100px|thumb|right|Route of the A5 road]]
|- id="A6 road"
| [[File:UK road A6.svg|40px]] '''A6'''
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| [[Cronk-ny-Mona]], Onchan
| The Old Castletown Road, Douglas from South Quay to the A25 Old Castletown Road at Kewaigue. Continuing west to the A5/A6 Cooil Road (''Fort North'')<ref>Isle of Man Courier – ''Roieder Ellan Vannin'' page 44 DEPARTMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE HIGHWAY SERVICES PUBLIC NOTICES Isle of Man Newspapers Ltd (2018) Tindle Newspaper Group – Newsprint (Knowlsey) Ltd Friday 27 July 2018 "Richmond Hill (Braddan) Temporary Closure to vehicle and pedestrian traffic from Richmond Hill, Braddan between its junction with Fort North roundabout and its junction with Ballacutchel Road....."</ref> roundabout and the (A6) Cooil Road, Braddan. Travelling eastwards, the A6 Vicarage Road/Saddle Road, Douglas joins the A1 Peel Road at Braddan Bridge. The A6 Braddan Bridge Road/Ballafletcher Road joins the A6 ''Johnny Watterson's Lane'' at Cronkbourne Village, continuing to the C10 Scollag Road junction with the A18 Snaefell Mountain Road at [[Cronk-ny-Mona]], Onchan.
| {{coord|54.12372|N|4.5486|W|region:GB_dim:2500}}
|
|- id="A7 road"
| [[File:UK road A7.svg|40px]] '''A7'''
| [[Ballasalla]] 
| [[Port Erin, Isle of Man|Port Erin]]
| Connects Ballasalla with Port Erin in the south of the Island. The A7 crosses the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road and passes through [[Ballabeg]] and [[Colby, Isle of Man|Colby]].
| {{coord|54.09902|N|4.68506|W|region:GB_dim:2500|display=title}}
|
|- id="A8 road"
| [[File:UK road A8.svg|40px]] '''A8'''
| Douglas Sea Terminal
| Douglas Harbour Lifting Bridge
| Connects the northern entrance to Douglas' Seaport with North Quay and the Douglas Harbour Lifting Bridge <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=A8_(Isle_of_Man)|title=A8 (Isle of Man) - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki}}</ref>
|
|
|- id="A9 road"
| [[File:UK road A9.svg|40px]] '''A9'''
| [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]]
| [[Andreas, Isle of Man|Andreas]]
| Via Regaby
|
|
|- id="A10 road"
| [[File:UK road A10.svg|40px]] '''A10'''
| [[Ballaugh]] 
| [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]]
|Branches off A9 on outskirts of Ramsey; runs north to Bride, then west to Jurby via The Lhen, then south to meet the A3 at Ballaugh.
|
|
|- id="A11 road"
| [[File:UK road A11.svg|40px]] '''A11'''
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| Balladromma Beg, Lonan
| A11 King Edward VIII Road from Summerhill, Queen's Promenade to the [[Balladromma Beg Halt]] (Liverpool Arms) road junction on the A2 Douglas to Ramsey Coast Road.
|
|
|- id="A12 road"
| [[File:UK road A12.svg|40px]] '''A12'''
| [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]]
| [[Derbyhaven]]
| Starts at Janet's Corner, Castletown (junction with A5), runs east past [[Hango Hill]] to Derbyhaven where it turns north towards the airport runway. Formerly it continued on the other side of the airport runway to Ballasalla, but that section is now designated as the B53.
|
|
|- id="A13 road"
| [[File:UK road A13.svg|40px]] '''A13'''
| [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]]
| The Cronk, Ballaugh
| A13 Jurby Road from the A9 Bowring Road junction, Ramsey to the A10 Jurby Coast Road and B9 Ballacrye Road junction at ''The Cronk,'' Ballaugh.
|
|
|- id="A14 road"
| [[File:UK road A14.svg|40px]] '''A14'''
| [[Jurby]]
| [[Bungalow, Isle of Man|Bungalow]]
| From Jurby the road runs south, crossing the A13 at Sandygate and the A3 at Sulby. It continues up Sulby Glen, skirting Snaefell, and meets the A18 at the Bungalow.
|
|
|- id="A15 road"
| [[File:UK road A15.svg|40px]] '''A15'''
| Port Lewaigue (Belle Vue)
| The Hibernian
| Branches off A2 at Port Lewaigue and forms a loop through Maughold before rejoining the A2 at The Hibernian.
|
|
|- id="A16 road"
| [[File:UK road A16.svg|40px]] '''A16'''
| [[Bride, Isle of Man|Bride]]
| [[Point of Ayre]]
| Cul-de-sac from Bride to the Point of Ayre
|
|
|- id="A17 road"
| [[File:UK road A17.svg|40px]] '''A17'''
| [[Bride, Isle of Man|Bride]]
| Sulby Bridge
| Via [[Andreas, Isle of Man|Andreas]] and St Judes
|
|
|- id="A18 road"
| [[File:UK road A18.svg|40px]] [[A18 road (Isle of Man)|A18]]
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| [[Ramsey, Isle of Man|Ramsey]]
| '''Snaefell Mountain Road'''. The entire road forms part of the [[Isle of Man TT Course]] and crosses the hilliest parts of the Island, reaching {{convert|422| m|ft|abbr=on}}. The road is closed for TT and [[Manx Grand Prix]] races and sometimes closed due to bad weather at other times. The majority of the road outside of developed areas has no speed limit. See [[A18 road (Isle of Man)|A18]] for more about this road.
|
| [[File:Isle of Man A18 road (OpenStreetMap).png|100px|thumb|right|Route of the A18 road]]
|- id="A19 road"
| [[File:UK road A19.svg|40px]] '''A19'''
| Lhen Bridge
| [[Andreas, Isle of Man|Andreas]]
| ''Bayr Kione Droghad''
|
|
|- id="A20 road"
| [[File:UK road A20.svg|40px]] '''A20'''
| [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]]
| [[Ballig]]
| Also known as '''Poortown Road''', after the small settlement of Poortown through which it passes. Connects Peel on the west coast of the Island with the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road at a point just north of [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]].
| {{coord|54.21607|N|4.66344|W|region:GB_dim:2500}}
|
|- id="A22 road"
| [[File:UK road A22.svg|40px]] '''A22'''
| [[Union Mills]]
| [[St Ninian's Crossroads]]
| Loop via Strang, Nobles Hospital and Ballanard
|
|
|- id="A23 road"
| [[File:UK road A23.svg|40px]] '''A23'''
| [[Strang, Isle of Man|Strang]]
| [[Crosby, Isle of Man|Crosby]]
| Loop via Mount Rule
|
|
|- id="A24 road"
| [[File:UK road A24.svg|40px]] '''A24'''
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| [[Foxdale, Isle of Man|Foxdale]]
| Connects the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road in [[Foxdale]] with the A5 Port Erin to Douglas road. Between Foxdale and Douglas, the road passes the [[Eairy Dam]] and [[Braaid]].
| {{coord|54.15746|N|4.58524|W|region:GB_dim:2500}}
|
|- id="A25 road"
| [[File:UK road A25.svg|40px]] '''A25'''
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
| Blackboards
| Also known as '''Old Castletown Road'''. Connects Douglas with [[Ballasalla]], and historically with Castletown. The road is now bypassed by the [[A5 road (Isle of Man)|A5]] Douglas to [[Port Erin]] route which allows for faster traffic movement.
| {{coord|54.12875|N|4.54113|W|region:GB_dim:5000}}
|
|- id="A26 road"
| [[File:UK road A26.svg|40px]] '''A26'''
| [[Ballasalla]]
| [[Glen Vine]]
| Connects Ballasalla with Glen Vine where it meets the A1 Douglas to Peel road. Between Ballasalla and Glen Vine, the road passes through [[St Mark's, Isle of Man|St Mark's]] and [[Braaid]].
| {{coord|54.14544|N|4.59142|W|region:GB_dim:5000}}
|
|- id="A27 road"
| [[File:UK road A27.svg|40px]] '''A27'''
| [[Colby, Isle of Man|Colby]]
| [[Peel, Isle of Man|Peel]]
| Also known as '''Colby Glen Road'''. Connects Colby with Peel. Between its junction with the A7 road in Colby and its terminus in the centre of Peel, the road passes through [[Colby Glen]], the [[Round Table (Isle of Man)|Round Table]], [[Dalby, Isle of Man|Dalby]], [[Glenmaye]] and [[Patrick (parish)|Patrick]].
| {{coord|54.15595|N|4.70875|W|region:GB_dim:10000}}
|
|- id="A28 road"
| [[File:UK road A28.svg|40px]] '''A28'''
| Ballakaighan, Castletown
| Ballabeg, Arbory
| Forms the W side of the Southern 100 Course
|
|
|- id="A29 road"
| [[File:UK road A29.svg|40px]] '''A29'''
| [[Port St Mary]]
| Ballagawne
| Connects the village of Ballagawne with [[Port St Mary]] via Four Roads
|
|
|- id="A30 road"
| [[File:UK road A30.svg|40px]] '''A30'''
| [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]]
| [[Patrick (parish)|Patrick]]
| ''Bayr Keill Pherick''
| {{coord|54.20317|N|4.66481|W|region:GB_dim:2500}}
|
|- id="A31 road"
| [[File:UK road A31.svg|40px]] '''A31'''
| [[Port St Mary]]
| [[Calf Sound]]
| The eastern part is known as '''Raad yn Cheyllys'''. Connects Port St Mary with the Calf Sound, passing the village of [[Cregneash]].
| {{coord|54.07349|N|4.7594|W|region:GB_dim:2500}}
|
|- id="A32 road"
| [[File:UK road A32.svg|40px]] '''A32'''
| [[Port Erin, Isle of Man|Port Erin]]
| Ballachurry, Port Erin
| Loop via Bradda
|
|
|- id="A33 road"
| [[File:UK road A33.svg|40px]] '''A33'''
| Douglas Railway Station
| Intersection with A6 and A41
| Connects A1 with A6 and A41 in [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=A33_(Isle_of_Man)|title=A33 (Isle of Man) – Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki|website=www.sabre-roads.org.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref>
|
|
|- id="A34 road"
| [[File:UK road A34.svg|40px]] '''A34'''
| Ballanank, Malew
| Mount Rule, Malew
| Also known as '''Phildraw Road'''; connects [[Ballasalla]] with the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road.
| {{coord|54.10959|N|4.63005|W|region:GB_dim:1000}}
|
|- id="A35 road"
| [[File:UK road A35.svg|40px]] '''A35'''
| [[Onchan]]
| Port Jack, Onchan
| A35 Royal Avenue and Royal Avenue West, Onchan with the 'Port Jack'/Imperial Terrace/Royal Terrace junction with the A11 King Edward VIII road.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=A35_(Isle_of_Man)|title = A35 (Isle of Man) - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki}}</ref>
|
|
|- id="A36 road"
| [[File:UK road A36.svg|40px]] '''A36'''
| [[Port Erin, Isle of Man|Port Erin]]
| South Barrule
| Connects the A7 Ballasalla to Port Erin road near Port Erin to the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road south of [[Foxdale]]. The road is known as the '''Sloc Road''' as it bends through the Sloc, a pass on the southern side of [[Cronk ny Arrey Laa]]. It is also known as the '''Shoulder road''' as it passes over the northern shoulder of [[South Barrule]].
| {{coord|54.13096|N|4.71545|W|region:GB_dim:5000}}
|
|- id="A37 road"
| [[File:UK road A37.svg|40px]] '''A37'''
| B52 in Keristal
| B23 in [[Port Soderick]]
|Also known as '''Marine Drive'''. Used to extend along the shore into Douglas but had to be re-routed because of bad road conditions. The northern section of Marine Drive is now B80.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=A35_(Isle_of_Man)|title=A35 (Isle of Man) – Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki|website=www.sabre-roads.org.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref>
|
|
|- id="A38 road"
| [[File:UK road A38.svg|40px]] '''A38'''
| Queen's Promenade, Douglas
| Onchan (centre)
| Summerhill, Queen's Promenade and Summerhill Road, Douglas with the junction of the A2 Governor's Road, Onchan.(less than 1,200 yards long).
|
|
|- id="A40 road"
| [[File:UK road A40.svg|40px]] '''A40'''
| The Hope, Patrick.
| [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]]
| A40 ''The Hope'' Road from the junction of the A3 Curragh Road and C33 Archallagan Road at ([[Foxdale|Lower Foxdale]]) with the A40 Station Road junction with the A1 Douglas to Peel road at [[Tynwald Day#Tynwald Hill|Tynwald Hill]] in St John's. About 1,000 yards long.
| {{coord|54.19895|N|4.64018|W|region:GB_dim:1000}}
|
|- id="A41 road"
| [[File:UK road A41.svg|40px]] '''A41'''
| A6 Old Castletown Road
| Battery Pier, [[Douglas Harbour]]
| Connects A6 and A33 Bridge Road with South Quay, Douglas Head Road and the Battery Pier.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=A41_(Isle_of_Man)|title=A41 (Isle of Man) – Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki|website=www.sabre-roads.org.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref>
|
|
|}
{{clear}}

=="B" roads==
Note: Many of these roads in rural areas do not lead to or from anywhere remotely notable, while many of the roads within towns and villages are very short indeed. This makes it problematic to include "to" or "from" destinations.

{| class="wikitable"
!No.!!Details!!Parish etc.
|-
|B1||Minorca Hill, Laxey||Laxey
|-
|B2||Leodest Road||Andreas
|-
|B3 || Andreas-Jurby||Andreas/Jurby
|-
|B4|| Ballaheaney road, Jurby East||Jurby
|-
|B5|| Ballavarran road, Jurby West||Jurby
|-
|B6|| Smeale road|Smeale Road, Andreas||Andreas
|-
|B7|| Kerrowgarrow to Regaby||Andreas
|-
|B8|| Sulby Claddagh road||Lezayre
|-
|B9|| Ballacrye road, The Cronk||Ballaugh
|-
|B10|| Beinn-y-Phott Road||Lezayre/Braddan/Michael
|-
|B11|| Ballaragh road||Lonan
|-
|B12|| Creg-ny-Baa Back Road (Ballacannell-Creg-ny-Baa)||Lonan/Onchan
|-
|B13|| East Bretney Road, Jurby East||Jurby
|-
|B14|| Bernahara road, Andreas||Andreas/Lezayre
|-
|B15||Richmond Road|| Ramsey
|-
|B16||Glen Auldyn||Lezayre
|-
|B17|| Lezayre Church road, Churchtown||Lezayre
|-
|B18||Port St Mary||Port St Mary
|-
|B19|| Dreemskerry road, Lewaigue-Ballajora||Maughold
|-
|B20|| Begoade road||Lonan/Onchan
|-
|B21|| East Baldwin road||Braddan
|-
|B22|| West Baldwin Road||Braddan
|-
|B23|| Port Soderick Road||Braddan
|-
|B24|| Oatland road||Malew
|-
|B25|| Glentraugh||Santon
|-
|B26|| Ballavale road ||Santon
|-
|B27||Saddle Road||Douglas
|-
|B28||Park Road||Port St Mary
|-
|B29|| Ballachurry road||Malew
|-
|B30|| Ballamodha to St Marks road (The Bayrauyr)||Malew
|-
|B31||Harbour Road||Onchan
|-
|B32|| Lhergy Cripperty road||Braddan
|-
|B33|| Croit-e-Caley/Kentraugh Mill road||Rushen
|-
|B34||Blackberry Lane||Onchan
|-
|B35|| Garth road||Malew/Marown
|-
|B36|| Tosaby road||Malew/Marown
|-
|B37|| Clannagh road||Santon
|-
|B38|| Orrisdale road||Malew
|-
|colspan="3"|NB ''not Orrisdale in Michael sheading''
|-
|B39|| Ronague Road/Solomons Corner to Corlea road||Arbory/Malew
|-
|B40|| Ballamaddrell / Grenaby road||Malew/Arbory
|-
|B41|| Grenaby to Kerrowkeill Road||Malew
|-
|B42|| Ronague Road||Arbory
|-
|B43|| Ballagawne road||Arbory
|-
|B44|| Ballakilpheric road||Rushen
|-
|B45|| Mount Gawne road||Rushen
|-
|B46|| Barracks road|| Rushen
|-
|B47||Fleshwick||Rushen
|-
|B48||Royal Avenue (part)||Onchan
|-
|B49|| Laxey Promenade||Laxey
|-
|B50|| Silverdale road||Malew
|-
|B52|| Keristal road||Braddan
|-
|B53||Balthane, Ballasalla (see A12)||Malew
|-
|B54||Sunningdale Drive||Onchan
|-
|B55||Falkland Drive||Onchan
|-
|B61||Alexander Drive||Douglas
|-
|colspan="3"|''B61 to B82 (except B72 and B80) are various town streets in Douglas''
|-
|B63||Derby Road||Douglas
|-
|B74||Westmoreland Road||Douglas
|-
|B80||Marine Drive||Douglas/Braddan
|}
{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[Transport in the Isle of Man]]
* [[List of named corners of the Snaefell Mountain Course]]
* [[Speed limits in the Isle of Man]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Roads in the Isle of Man}}
* [http://www.gov.im/highways Department of Transport Highways Division]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201308/http://www.gov.im/infocentre/News.aspx?go=yes&searchText=Road&DepartmentID=41&newsTypeID=3&DateRange=all&startdate_Day=24&startdate_Month=5&startdate_Year=2006&enddate_Day=24&enddate_Month=5&enddate_Year=2020 Department of Transport Public Notices relating to roads]

[[Category:Lists of roads by country|Isle Of Man]]
[[Category:Roads in the Isle of Man| ]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in the Isle of Man|Roads]]

Template:Port Erin line

2022-07-20T09:57:43Z

5.253.76.1:

{{Routemap
|navbar = Port Erin line
|title = Isle of Man Railway
|title-bg = red
|map-title = Port Erin line
|map =
\uKBHFa~~{{rws|Douglas}}
uexCONTgq\ueABZgr~~ ~~ ~~''[[Isle of Man Railway stations#The Peel Line (closed)|Peel line]]''
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~White Hoe
\ueHST~~Lough Ned
\uHST~~{{rws|Port Soderick}}
\ueHST~~ ~~Ballacostain~~([[Rifle Range]])
\upHST~~{{rws|Santon}}
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Ballalonna
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Ballastrang
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Ballawoods
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Ballahick
\uHST~~{{rws|Ballasalla}}
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Ballasalla
\upHST~~{{rws|Ronaldsway Halt}} {{rint|air|link=Isle of Man Airport}}
\uHST~~{{rws|Castletown}}
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Mill Road
\ueHST~~{{rws|School Hill}}
\upHST~~{{rws|Ballabeg}}
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Colby Football
\uHST~~{{rws|Colby}}
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Kentraugh
\upHST~~{{rws|The Level}}
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Ballagawne
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Four Roads
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Port St. Mary
\uHST~~{{rws|Port St Mary}}
\RP1q!~uBUE~~ ~~ ~~Droghadfayle Road
\uKHSTe~~{{rws|Port Erin}}
}}<noinclude>
{{Railway-routemap|IMN|Isle of Man Railway}}
</noinclude>