wiki143 - User contributions [en]

List of Chrysler factories

2025-03-03T00:14:33Z

47.201.95.6: /* Current factories */

{{Short description|None}}
'''List of Chrysler factories''' contains all the vehicles manufactured by [[Chrysler]] LLC (currently "Stellantis North America") and the brands of the group before it merged with [[Fiat S.p.A.]] to form [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|FCA]].

This list only includes vehicles under the [[Chrysler (brand)|Chrysler]], [[Jeep]], [[Dodge]], and [[Ram Trucks|Ram]] brands.

For a list of factories of other [[Stellantis]] brands, see [[list of Fiat Group assembly sites]].

== Current factories ==
This list contains all current Stellantis North and South American factories.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://media.stellantisnorthamerica.com/newsrelease.do;jsessionid=04CD2C578F893CBB1146B87A5D281660?&id=9117&mid=18|title=North American Manufacturing Operations|publisher=[[Stellantis]]|access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref>

{{Sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|-
! Country !! Name !! Location !! Date opened !! Current products !! VIN code{{#tag:ref|The eleventh character of the [[vehicle identification number]] (VIN) indicates the factory the car has been built in.|name="VIN code"|group="N"}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Canada]]
| [[Brampton Assembly]] || [[Brampton]]|| 1986 || {{Unbulleted list| Currently vacant}} || <code>H</code>
|-
| [[Etobicoke Casting]] || [[Toronto]] || 1942 || Aluminum die castings; Engine and transmission parts || –
|-
| [[Windsor Assembly]] || | [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]] || 1928 || {{Unbulleted list|[[Chrysler Pacifica (minivan)|Chrysler Pacifica]]|[[Chrysler Voyager|Chrysler Voyager/Grand Caravan]]|[[Dodge Charger (2024)|Dodge Charger]]}} || <code>R</code>
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[Mexico]]
| [[Saltillo Engine]] || rowspan="5" | [[Saltillo]] || 1981 || {{Unbulleted list|[[Chrysler Hemi engine#Third generation: 2003-present|Chrysler Hemi engine]]|[[Stellantis Hurricane engine]]}} || –
|-
| [[Saltillo South Engine]] || 2010 || [[Chrysler Pentastar engine]] || –
|-
| [[Saltillo Stamping]] || 1997 || Metal stampings || –
|-
| [[Saltillo Truck Assembly]] || 1995 || |[[Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)|Ram Heavy Duty]] || <code>G</code>
|-
| [[Saltillo Van Assembly]] || 2013 || [[Ram ProMaster]] || <code>E</code>
|-
| [[Toluca Car Assembly|Toluca Assembly]] || rowspan="2" |[[Toluca]] || 1968 || {{Unbulleted list|[[Jeep Compass#Second generation (MP/552; 2017)|Jeep Compass]]|[[Jeep Wagoneer S]]|[[Jeep Recon]]}} || <code>T</code>
|-
| [[Toluca Car Assembly|Toluca Stamping Facility]] || 1994 || Metal stampings || –
|-
| rowspan="17" | [[United States]]
| [[Jefferson North Assembly|Detroit Assembly Complex – Jefferson]] || rowspan="2" | [[Detroit, Michigan]] || 1991 || {{Unbulleted list|[[Jeep Grand Cherokee]]|[[Dodge Durango#WD|Dodge Durango]]}} || <code>C</code>
|-
| [[Mack Avenue Engine Complex|Detroit Assembly Complex – Mack]] || 1953 || [[Jeep Grand Cherokee#Grand Cherokee L|Jeep Grand Cherokee]] || <code>8</code>
|-
| [[Dundee Engine]] || [[Dundee, Michigan]] || 2002 || {{Unbulleted list|[[Chrysler Pentastar engine]]|[[Tigershark engine]]}} || –
|-
| [[Indiana Transmission]] || rowspan="4" | [[Kokomo, Indiana]] || 1998 || 6- and 9-speed automatic transmissions || –
|-
| [[Indiana Transmission|Kokomo Engine Plant]] || 2003 || [[FCA Global Medium Engine|Global Medium Engine]] || –
|-
| [[Kokomo Casting]] || 1965|| Engine blocks; transmission cases and aluminum components || –
|-
| [[Kokomo Transmission]] || 1956|| 8-speed automatic transmissions; Machined components for 9-speed automatic transmission ||–
|-
| [[Mount Elliott Tool and Die]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1938||[[Die (manufacturing)|Tools and dies]], [[Fixture (tool)|checking fixtures]], [[Stamping (metalworking)|stamping]] fixtures || –
|-
| [[Sterling Heights Assembly]] || rowspan="2" | [[Sterling Heights, Michigan]] || 1953 || [[Ram 1500 (DT)|Ram 1500]] || <code>N</code>
|-
| [[Sterling Stamping]] || 1965 || Metal stampings || –
|-
| [[Tipton Transmission]] || [[Tipton, Indiana]] || 2014 || 9-speed automatic transmissions || –
|-
| [[Toledo Machining]] || [[Perrysburg, Ohio]] || 1967 || Steering columns; torque converters || –
|-
| [[Toledo Complex|Toledo North]] || rowspan="2" | [[Toledo, Ohio]] || 2001 || [[Jeep Wrangler (JL)|Jeep Wrangler]] || <code>W</code>
|-
| [[Toledo Complex|Toledo South]] || 1942 || [[Jeep Gladiator (JT)|Jeep Gladiator]] || <code>L</code>
|-
| [[Trenton Engine Complex]] || [[Trenton, Michigan]] || 1952 || [[Chrysler Pentastar engine]] || –
|-
| [[Warren Stamping]] || rowspan="2" | [[Warren, Michigan]] || 1949 || Metal stampings || –
|-
| [[Warren Truck Assembly]] || 1938 || [[Jeep Wagoneer (WS)|Jeep Wagoneer/Grand Wagoneer]] || <code>S,T,V</code>
|}

== Closed factories ==
{{Sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|-
!Country
!width=150px| Name
!Location
!Date Opened
!Date Closed
!Products Produced
!VIN and Notes
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Argentina]] || [[Chrysler Fevre Argentina|Chrysler Fevre]] ||[[San Justo, Buenos Aires|San Justo]] ||1959 ||1980|| Cars, trucks || Sold to [[VW]] in 1980. Closed by [[VW]] in 1987. Current seat of [[National University of La Matanza]].<ref>[https://elnacionaldematanza.com.ar/2021/05/28/san-justo-sabian-que-habia-donde-ahora-se-encuentra-la-universidad-nacional-de-la-matanza/ SAN JUSTO: ¿SABÍAN QUÉ HABÍA DONDE AHORA SE ENCUENTRA LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA MATANZA?] on El Nacional de Matanza, 28 May 2021</ref>
|-
| [[Chrysler Fevre Argentina|Chrysler Fevre]] ||[[Monte Chingolo]] ||1969 ||1980|| Dodge D-Series Trucks, [[Dodge 1500]] || Purchased from Siam Automotores. Sold to [[VW]] in 1980. Closed by [[VW]] in the early 1990s.
|-
| Chrysler Argentina ||[[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] ||1997||2001|| [[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)]], [[Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ)]], [[Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ)]] || 2
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Australia]]||[[Chrysler Australia]]||[[Keswick, South Australia]]||1951||1964||Engines and body parts||
|-
|[[Chrysler Australia]] Tonsley Park plant||[[Clovelly Park, South Australia]]||1964||1980||Cars|| Sold to [[Mitsubishi Motors]] in 1980. Chrysler production ended in 1981.
|-
|[[Chrysler Australia]] Lonsdale plant||[[Lonsdale, South Australia]]||1968||1980||Engines and components|| Sold to [[Mitsubishi Motors]] in 1980.
|-
|[[Chrysler Australia]]||[[Fishermans Bend]], Victoria||1965||1972||Engines and body parts||
|-
|[[Belgium]]||[[Chrysler Antwerpen]]||[[Antwerp]]|||1926||1958|| Assembly of CKD American models for Europe and Middle East||
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Brazil]]|| Chrysler do Brasil Ltda. ||[[Sao Bernardo do Campo]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] ||1969||1981|| [[Simca Esplanada]]/Simca Regente/Simca GTX, [[Dodge Dart#South America|Dodge Dart]], [[Dodge Magnum#Brazil (1979–1981)|Dodge Magnum]], [[Dodge Dart#South America|Dodge LeBaron]], [[Dodge Dart#South America|Dodge Charger]], [[Hillman Avenger#Brazil|Dodge 1800]], [[Dodge Polara#In Brazil|Dodge Polara]] || [[VW]] bought 67% of Chrysler Motors do Brazil in 1979 & it then bought the rest in 1980. Chrysler models were phased out by 1981.
|-
| Chrysler Brazil ||[[Campo Largo, Paraná]] ||1998||2001|| [[Dodge Dakota#Second generation (1997–2004)|Dodge Dakota]] || 3
|-
| [[Tritec engine|Tritec Motors Ltda.]] ||[[Campo Largo, Paraná]] ||1999||2007|| [[Tritec engine]] || Originally established as a 50/50 joint venture between Chrysler and [[BMW]] to build the jointly developed Tritec engine. [[BMW]] used the engine in the [[Mini Hatch#First generation (R50/52/53; 2000)|MINI]]. In 2007, [[BMW]] sold its 50% stake to what was by then [[Chrysler#1998–2007: DaimlerChrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] and stopped using the Tritec engine. Production ended in 2007. In 2008, the plant and the engine were sold to [[Fiat]], which updated the engine into the [[Fiat E.torQ engine|E.torQ engine]]. Became part of [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles]]. Now part of [[Stellantis]] along with Fiat and Chrysler.
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Canada]]||Tecumseh Road||[[Windsor, Ontario]]||1925||1978 (production ended) 1983||Dodge D-Series Trucks||Originally a Chalmers plant in 1916, then Maxwell-Chalmers, then Chrysler Canada in 1925. Became Windsor Plant 1. Converted to truck production in 1931 until 1978 and then idled; from 1980 to 1983 serving as the Imperial Quality Assurance Center then closed.
|-
|[[Windsor Engine]]||[[Windsor, Ontario]]||1938||1980||Inline 6 and V8 engines|| Also called Windsor Plant 2.
|-
|[[Brampton Assembly (AMC)]]||[[Brampton, Ontario]]||1960||1992||[[AMC Eagle]], [[AMC Eagle#1988|Eagle Wagon]], [[Jeep Wrangler (YJ)]]||Located at Kennedy Road/Steeles Avenue. Acquired as part of Chrysler's takeover of [[American Motors]].
|-
|[[Pillette Road Truck Assembly]]||[[Windsor, Ontario]]||1974||2003||[[Dodge Ram Van]], [[Plymouth Voyager#Full-size van (AB; 1974–1983)|Plymouth Voyager]]||K Also called Windsor Plant 6. Demolished and is now a Chrysler warehouse – the Chrysler Logistics Centre.
|-
|[[Colombia]]||[[GM Colmotores#History|Colmotores-Chrysler]]||[[Bogotá]]||1965||1979||[[Dodge Coronet#Fifth generation (1965–1970)|Dodge Coronet 440]] [[Dodge Diplomat|Dodge Coronet]] [[Dodge Polara]] [[Dodge Dart#Fourth generation (1967–1976)|Dodge Dart]] [[Dodge Alpine]] [[Dodge D series]] Trucks|| Chrysler bought 60% of Colmotores in 1965. Chrysler sold their stake in Colmotores to [[General Motors]] in 1979. Plant is still open today as GM Colmotores.
|-
|[[France]]||[[Stellantis Poissy Plant|Poissy Assembly]]||[[Poissy, France|Poissy]]||1958||1978||inherited [[Simca]] range, [[Chrysler 180]], [[Simca 1307]], [[Simca Horizon]]||ex Simca, sold to [[Groupe PSA]] in 1978 and still open. Now part of [[Stellantis]] along with Chrysler.
|-
|[[Mexico]]||[[Lago Alberto Assembly]]||[[Mexico City]]||1930s||2002||Trucks||M
|-
|[[Netherlands]]||[[Rotterdam Assembly]]||[[Rotterdam]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Ensing |first=Hans |url=http://www.allpar.com/corporate/factories/rotterdam.html |title=Chrysler Rotterdam Assembly Plant |publisher=Allpar.com |date=2015-07-02 |access-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>||1958||1970|| Assembly of CKD American models for Europe [[Simca]] models|| Originally opened by [[Kaiser-Frazer]] in 1949. Was called NEKAF – Nederlandse Kaiser-Frazer Fabrieken N.V. Purchased from [[Kaiser-Frazer]] in 1958. Replaced the Antwerp plant.
|-
|[[South Africa]]||Chrysler South Africa||[[Elsie's River]], [[Cape Town]]||1956||1975||Assembly of [[knock-down kit|CKD]], various [[Chrysler]], [[Dodge]] & [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]] models with [[right-hand drive]] configuration||
|-
|[[Spain]]||[[Barreiros (manufacturer)|Madrid-Villaverde Assembly]]||Villaverde, [[Madrid]]||1965||1978||Barreiros trucks, [[Dodge Dart]], [[Dodge Polara|Dodge 3700]], [[Simca 1100]], [[Simca 1200]], [[Chrysler 180]], [[Simca 1307]], [[Chrysler Horizon|Simca 1500]]||ex [[Barreiros (manufacturer)|Barreiros]], sold to [[Groupe PSA]] 1978 and still [[:fr:Usine PSA de Madrid|open]]. Now part of [[Stellantis]] along with Chrysler. Plant is building the new [[Citroën C4#3|Citroën C4]].
|-
|rowspan=8|[[United Kingdom]]||Biscot Road plant||[[Luton]], [[Bedfordshire]]||1964||?||truck axles and gearboxes||ex [[Rootes Group]] 1964, formerly the main [[Commer]] plant. Closed
|-
|Dunstable Assembly||[[Dunstable]], [[Bedfordshire]]||1964||1978||[[Commer FC]], [[Commer Walk-Thru]], Commer V- and C-series Maxiload, Karrier Bantam, Karrier Gamecock, [[Dodge 500]], [[Dodge 100 "Commando"]]||ex [[Rootes Group]] 1964, sold to [[Groupe PSA]] 1978 but re-sold to [[Renault Trucks|Renault]], closed 1992
|-
|[[Kew Assembly]]||[[Kew]], London||1920s||1967||[[Knock-down kit|CKD]] American cars until 1930s, trucks including [[Dodge 100 "Kew"]], [[Dodge 300]], [[Dodge 500]], [[Dodge D series]] (medium duty) and [[Fargo Trucks|Fargo]] derivatives||early car production included [[Chrysler (division)|Chrysler]], [[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto]] and [[Dodge]] models, closed when production switched to former Rootes plant at Dunstable
|-
||Linwood Assembly||[[Linwood, Renfrewshire]], [[Scotland]]||1964||1978||[[Hillman Imp]] and derivatives, [[Rootes Arrow]] range, [[Hillman Avenger|Chrysler Avenger]], [[Chrysler Sunbeam]]||ex [[Rootes Group]] 1964, sold to [[Groupe PSA]] 1978, closed 1981
|-
||Maidstone plant||[[Maidstone]], [[Kent]]||1964||?||truck engines||ex [[Rootes Group]] in 1964, formerly the [[Tilling-Stevens]] plant. Closed 1970s
|-
|[[Ryton plant|Ryton Assembly]]||[[Ryton-on-Dunsmore]], [[Warwickshire]]||1964||1978||[[Hillman Minx]]/[[Hillman Super Minx|Super Minx]]/[[Hillman Husky|Husky]] and derivatives, [[Sunbeam Rapier]], [[Humber Hawk]]/[[Humber Super Snipe|Super Snipe]], [[Rootes Arrow]] range, [[Hillman Avenger]], [[Chrysler Alpine]], also Chrysler-designed [[Talbot Horizon]] from 1980||ex [[Rootes Group]] 1964, sold to [[Groupe PSA]] 1978, closed 2006. Last model built at the plant was the [[Peugeot 206]]. Demolished 2007–2008. Part of the site is now used by [[Jaguar Land Rover]]'s Special Vehicle Operations division and is referred to as the "Oxford Road" site.
|-
|Stoke plant||[[Stoke Aldermoor]], [[Coventry]]||1964||1978||engines, components, Rootes Group headquarters ||ex [[Rootes Group]] 1964, formerly adjacent [[Hillman]] and [[Humber Limited|Humber]] plants. Sold to [[Groupe PSA]] 1978, closed
|-
|[[Whitley plant|Whitley Development site]]||[[Whitley, Coventry|Whitley]], [[Coventry]]||1969||1978||Chrysler Europe design and engineering headquarters||Former [[Hawker Siddeley]] missile plant purchased in 1969, sold to [[Groupe PSA]] 1978 and re-sold to [[Jaguar Cars]] in 1985.
|-
| rowspan="21" |[[United States]]||[[Belvidere Assembly Plant]]||[[Belvidere, Illinois]]||1965||2023||[[Jeep Cherokee (KL)]]||D Includes Belvidere Satellite Stamping Plant.
|-
|[[Conner Avenue Assembly]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1966||2017||[[Dodge Viper]] 1996 GTS coupe & 1997–2017 (all Vipers) [[Chrysler LA engine|Viper V10 engine]] 2001–2017 [[Plymouth Prowler]] [[Chrysler Prowler]]||V Closed 31 August 2017
|-
|[[DeSoto Wyoming Ave]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1934||1960 ||[[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto cars]]||
|-
|[[Detroit Axle]] (Eldon Avenue Gear and Axle)||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1917||2010||Axles and differentials||On July 15, 1970 black employee James Johnson shot and killed two white foremen and a job setter at this plant. Earlier that day he had been fired in retaliation for bringing a grievance of racially motivated mistreatment by his supervisor. A jury later acquitted him by reason of temporary insanity. Johnson was unaffiliated with the revolutionary union movements that had been agitating for better working conditions for black employees in Detroit area auto plants at the time.
|-
|[[Dodge Main]]||[[Hamtramck]], Michigan||1914||1980||[[Dodge Brothers]] cars/trucks; [[Chrysler A platform|"A" Body]], [[Chrysler B platform|"B" Body]], [[Chrysler E platform|"E" Body]], [[Chrysler F platform|"F" Body]]|| Was the original Dodge Brothers facility. Location repurposed as GM [[Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly]]
|-
|Evansville Assembly Plant||[[Evansville, Indiana]]||1919||1959||Graham Bros. Trucks, Dodge Trucks & Automobiles, Plymouth Automobiles, .45 Calibre automatic ammunition, hulls for [[Grumman HU-16 Albatross|Grumman UF-1]] amphibious flying boat||Produced 1,000,000th Plymouth car in 1953. Production moved to new [[Fenton, Missouri]] plant in 1959 to take advantage of lower transportation costs.
|-
|[[Highland Park Chrysler Plant]]||[[Highland Park, Michigan]]||1925||1990 ||[[Chrysler Airflow]], [[Chrysler Imperial#1934–1936|Chrysler Imperial Airflow]], [[DeSoto Airflow]]||
|-
|[[Huber Foundry]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1966||1982||heavy castings||
|-
|[[Indianapolis Foundry]]||[[Indianapolis, Indiana]]||1890||2005||Cast iron engine blocks||
|-
|[[Jefferson North Assembly#Jefferson Avenue Assembly|Jefferson Avenue Assembly]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1907||1990||Various models from [[Chrysler (division)|Chrysler]], [[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto]], [[Dodge]], and [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]]|| C
|-
|[[Kenosha Engine|Kenosha Main/Lakefront/Engine]]||[[Kenosha, Wisconsin]]||1917||2010||L body, [[Chrysler M platform|M body]], Engines [[AMC Straight-4 engine|Jeep 2.5]], [[AMC straight-6 engine#4.0|Jeep 4.0]], [[Chrysler LH engine|Chrysler 2.7]], [[Chrysler SOHC V6 engine|Chrysler 3.5]]|| W (M-body). Y (L-body). Acquired as part of Chrysler's takeover of [[American Motors]].
|-
|[[Los Angeles (Maywood) Assembly]]||[[City of Commerce, California]]||1920s||1971||[[Chrysler A platform|"A" Body]], [[Chrysler B platform|"B" Body]], [[Chrysler E platform|"E" Body]]||
|-
|[[Lynch Road Assembly]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1928||1981||Various models from [[Chrysler (division)|Chrysler]], [[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto]], [[Dodge]], and [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]]|| A
|-
|San Leandro Assembly||[[San Leandro, California]]||1948||1954||Dodge and Plymouth cars||Plant sold to International Harvester in 1955, then sold to Caterpillar in 1970. Current location of Westgate Center Shopping Center at 1933 Davis Street, San Leandro, CA 94577
|-
|[[Mound Road Engine]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||1953||2002||[[Chrysler A engine]], [[Chrysler LA engine|3.9L V6]], [[Chrysler LA engine|318/5.2L V8]], [[Chrysler LA engine#340 V8|340 V8]], [[Chrysler LA engine#8.0 L Magnum V10|8.0L Magnum V10]], [[Viper engine|Viper V10 Engine]] 1992–2001 ||Was located at 20300 Mound Road. Factory acquired from [[Briggs Manufacturing Company]] in 1953. Plant demolished in 2003. Now a storage area for vehicles built at Warren Assembly.
|-
|[[Newark Assembly]]||[[Newark, Delaware]]||1951||2008||[[Dodge Durango]] [[Chrysler Aspen]]||F
|-
|[[Saint Louis Assembly]] North||[[Fenton, Missouri]]||1966||2009||[[Chrysler Fifth Avenue#1982–1989: The M-body years|Chrysler Fifth Avenue]], [[Dodge Diplomat]], [[Plymouth Gran Fury]], [[Chrysler S platform|"S" Body (minivans)]], [[Chrysler minivans (AS)|"AS" Body (minivans)]], [[Dodge Ram]]||X (through 1995), J (1996 and later)
|-
|[[Saint Louis Assembly]] South||[[Fenton, Missouri]]||1959||2008||[[Chrysler LeBaron]], [[Dodge Diplomat]], [[Dodge Aries]], [[Plymouth Reliant]], [[Dodge 400]], [[Dodge 600]] coupe & convertible, [[Dodge Daytona]], [[Chrysler Laser]], [[Chrysler minivans (NS)]], [[Chrysler minivans (RS)]], [[Chrysler minivans (RT)]]||G (through 1991), B (1996 and later). (Plant was idled between 1991 and 1996.)
|-
|Graham Brothers Dodge Plant||[[Stockton, California]]||1926||1954||[[Dodge B Series]], [[Plymouth (automobile)#History|Plymouth Model U]] (located at 1400 Waterloo Road)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrightrealtors.com/stockton/vintage-stockton9.htm |title=Photo of Dodge factory in Stockton, CA |publisher=Wrightrealtors.com |access-date=2016-03-04}}</ref><ref>[http://dmacweb.com/documentation/factory/Oakland%20Ready/Oakland-Plant.html] Vintage photo of Northern California automobile factories]</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Watson |first=Bill |url=http://www.allpar.com/history/chrysler-years/chronological/chron5.html |title=History of Stockton Factory |publisher=Allpar.com |date=2015-07-02 |access-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>||
|-
|[[Twinsburg Stamping]]||[[Twinsburg, Ohio]]||1957||2010||Metal stampings||
|-
|[[Winfield Foundry]]||[[Detroit, Michigan]]|| 1963|| 1982|| Heavy castings||
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Venezuela]]||Chrysler de Venezuela SA [[Caracas Assembly]]||[[Caracas]]||1957||1965||Trucks|| Originally Ensamblaje Venezolana SA, which was owned by the Phelps family. Bought by Chrysler in 1957. Replaced by Valencia plant.
|-
|Chrysler de Venezuela SA [[Valencia Plant]]||[[Valencia, Carabobo]]||1965||1979||[[Dodge Dart]] [[Dodge Coronet]] [[Dodge Monaco]] [[Chrysler LeBaron#First generation (1977–1981)|Chrysler LeBaron]] [[Dodge Aspen]] [[Dodge D series]] Trucks|| Sold to [[General Motors]] in 1979.
|-
|
|}

== Joint-ventures ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Country
!Name
!Location
!Date Opened
!Current Products
!VIN and Owners
|-
|[[Egypt]]
|Arab American Vehicles
|[[Cairo]]
|1977
|Jeep CJ7-CJ8 Jeep YJ-YJL [[Jeep Liberty]] KJ Jeep KK [[Jeep J8]] [[Jeep Wrangler|Jeep TJL]] Jeep JKU Jeep Grand Cherokee WK2
|4 51% [[Arab Organization for Industrialization|AOI]] 49% Chrysler LLC
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of former automotive manufacturing facilities]]
*[[History of Chrysler]]
*[[List of Mazda facilities]]
*[[List of Ford factories]]
*[[List of General Motors factories]]
*[[List of Volkswagen Group factories]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2|group=N}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chrysler Group LLC assembly plants}}
{{Chrysler Group LLC}}
{{Automotive industry in the United States}}

[[Category:Chrysler factories| 01]]
[[Category:Lists of motor vehicle assembly plants|Chrysler Factories]]

Template:North American airport people movers

2025-02-04T03:16:05Z

47.201.95.6:

{{navbox
|name = North American airport people movers
|title = [[People mover]] systems at airports in North America
|listclass = hlist
|group1 = Current
|list1 =
* Atlanta
** [[The Plane Train|Plane Train]]
** [[ATL SkyTrain|SkyTrain]]
* [[Airport Transit System|Chicago–O'Hare]]
* [[Cincinnati Airport People Mover|Cincinnati]]
* [[DFW Skylink|Dallas–Fort Worth]]
* [[Denver International Airport Automated Guideway Transit System|Denver]]
* [[ExpressTram|Detroit]]
* Houston–Bush
** [[Skyway (George Bush Intercontinental Airport)|Skyway]]
** [[Subway (George Bush Intercontinental Airport)|Subway]]
* [[Harry Reid International Airport Automated People Movers|Las Vegas]]
* [[Kahului Airport|Maui]]
* [[Aerotrén|Mexico City]]
* Miami
** [[MIA e Train|e Train]]
** [[Skytrain (Miami International Airport)|Skytrain]]
** [[MIA Mover|Mover]]
* [[Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport Trams|Minneapolis–St. Paul]]
* [[AirTrain JFK|New York JFK]]
* [[AirTrain Newark|Newark]]
* [[Oakland Airport Connector|Oakland]]
* [[Orlando International Airport People Movers|Orlando]]
* [[PHX Sky Train|Phoenix]]
* [[Pittsburgh International Airport People Movers|Pittsburgh]]
* [[SMF Automated People Mover|Sacramento]]
* [[AirTrain (San Francisco International Airport)|San Francisco]]
* [[SEA Underground|Seattle–Tacoma]]
* [[Tampa International Airport People Movers|Tampa]]
* [[Terminal Link|Toronto–Pearson]]
* [[AeroTrain (Washington Dulles International Airport)|Washington–Dulles]]
|group2 = Future
|list2 =
* [[LAX Automated People Mover|Los Angeles]]
|group3 = Defunct
|list3 =
* Dallas–Fort Worth
** [[Vought Airtrans]]
* [[Jetrail|Dallas Love Field]]
* [[Bradley International Airport|Hartford–Bradley]]
* Tampa ([[Tampa International Airport People Movers|Long-Term Parking Monorail]])

|group4=Proposed
|list4=
* [[Albuquerque International Sunport#Future developments|Albuquerque]]
* [[Logan International Airport|Boston]]
* [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]]
* Denver ([[Denver International Airport#Proposed landside people mover|Landside APM]])
* [[Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport|Fort Lauderdale]]
* [[Philadelphia International Airport#Terminals|Philadelphia]]
* [[San Jose International Airport|San Jose]]
|group5=Cancelled
|list5=* [[AirTrain LaGuardia|New York (LaGuardia)]]
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Airport people mover systems| ]]</noinclude>

AMC straight-4 engine

2025-01-01T18:18:52Z

47.201.95.6: /* See also */

{{short description|4 cylinder internal combustion engine}}
{{For|an outline of all engines used by American Motors|list of AMC engines}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}

{{Infobox automobile engine
| name = AMC Straight-4 engine
| aka = PowerTech
| image = Jeep 2.5 liter 4-cylinder engine chromed a.jpg
| caption = 2.5 L AMC straight-4 with MPFI
| manufacturer = {{ubl | [[American Motors Corporation|American Motors]] (1984 – September 1987) | [[Chrysler]] (September 1987 – 2002) }}
| production = 1984–2002
| predecessor = {{ubl |[[GM Iron Duke engine]] | [[Chrysler 2.2 & 2.5 engine]] }}
| successor = [[Chrysler 1.8, 2.0 & 2.4 engine]]
| configuration = [[Straight-4]]
| displacement = {{cvt|150.4|cid|L|1}}
| bore = {{cvt|3.875|in|mm}}
| stroke = {{cvt|3.1875|in|mm}}
| block = [[Cast iron]]
| head = Cast iron
| valvetrain = [[Overhead valve|OHV]] 2 [[Poppet valve|valves]] per [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]]
| compression = 9.1–9.2:1
| fuelsystem = {{ubl | [[Carter Carburetor|Carter YFA]] single barrel [[Carburetor]] | ''[[Renix#AMC.2FJeep_applications|Renix]]'' [[Fuel_injection#Single-point_injection|Throttle-body fuel injection]] | ''[[Mopar]]'' [[Fuel_injection#Multi-point injection|Sequential multi-point fuel injection]] }}
| management =
| fueltype = [[Gasoline]]
| oilsystem = [[Wet sump]]
| coolingsystem = [[Water cooling (engines)|Water-cooled]]
| power = {{cvt|105|-|130|hp|PS kW|0}}
| specpower =
| torque = {{cvt|132|-|150|lbft|Nm|0}}
| length =
| width =
| height =
| diameter =
| weight =
}}

The '''AMC straight-4 engine''' is a 2.5 L [[straight-four engine]] developed by [[American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) that was used in a variety of AMC, [[Jeep]], and [[Dodge]] vehicles from 1984 through 2002.

The 2.5 L I4 Jeep engine shared design elements and some internal components with the [[AMC_straight-6_engine#4.0|AMC 4.0 L I6]] that was introduced for the 1987 model year. The 2.5 L engine was designed specifically for the vehicles it went into and became known for its reliability and longevity.

The GM [[Iron Duke engine|Iron Duke]] was a predecessor I4 engine in some AMC vehicles, but it shares nothing in common with the AMC 2.5 L. The Chrysler 2.5 L I4 shares nothing, and this successor engine family was designed to improve emissions and fuel economy.

==Development==
American Motors devoted three years to the development of a new four-cylinder engine.<ref name="Ackerson">{{cite book|last=Ackerson |first=Robert C. |year=1991 |title=The 50 year History of the Jeep |publisher=Motorbooks |isbn=9780854295333}}</ref> The brand new engine was designed to use AMC's existing spacing between the [[cylinder bore]]s so that the tooling remained the same.<ref name="looking">{{cite magazine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=h9QDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Jeep+2.5+engine&pg=PA114 |title=Looking under the hood - Jeep power for AMC |magazine=Popular Mechanics |pages=114, 153 |date=October 1983 |volume=160 |issue=4 |accessdate=7 June 2024 |via=Google Books}}</ref> The location of other major components, such as the [[distributor]], [[oil filter]], and [[Starter (engine)|starter]], were also kept the same to use the [[machine tool]]s for the [[AMC straight-6 engine]].<ref name="looking"/>

According to Jeep's chief engineer, [[Roy Lunn]], "Unlike most engines available today [it] was not designed for passenger cars and then adapted for trucks. We specifically developed it with our Jeep vehicles and [[AMC Eagle|Eagle]] in mind. That's the reason that performance and durability were of such prime consideration from the very beginning."<ref>{{cite book |last=Ackerson |first=Robert C. |title=Jeep CJ 1945-1986 |date=2005 |publisher=Veloce |isbn=9781904788966 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=56uvBIikfrQC&dq=unlike+most+engines+available+today+%5Bit%5D+was+not+designed+for+passenger+cars+and+then+adapted+for+trucks.+We+specifically+developed&pg=PT544 |accessdate=31 December 2022 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

Although some of the components were interchangeable between the AMC {{cvt|258|cuin|L|1}} [[six-cylinder]] and the new engine, the four-cylinder was not a cut-down version of the big six. Noted Roy Lunn, "There are some common parts, but the 4-cylinder includes many unique items such as its own electronics systems. It also has a shorter [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]] and larger bore. The [[Poppet valve|valves]] are larger and the [[piston]]s are new." Roy Lunn recollected, "We wanted as much [[Engine displacement|displacement]] – for power and [[torque]] – as possible within the confines of bore centers of the tooling. The only parameter we could influence substantially was stroke. So we picked the largest bore and stroke in order to get 2.5 Liters."<ref name="Ackerson"/>

==Design==

The AMC {{cvt|150|CID|L|1}} engine has a bore and stroke of {{cvt|3.875x3.1875|in|mm}} for an overall displacement of {{cvt|150|cuin|cc|2|disp=flip}}. The 2.5 L I4 head lost two cylinders in its center compared to the original {{cvt|258|cuin|L|1}} I6 design. A new cylinder head for the 2.5 L I4 engine featured a double-quench [[combustion chamber]]. Its shape provides little space at the front and rear when the piston rises to the top of its compression stroke.<ref name="looking"/> These "squish" areas cause the air-fuel mixture to be more turbulent in the center of the chamber, making a more uniform mix followed by a faster burn from the spark.<ref name="looking"/> The head combustion chamber and port design were later used on the 4.0 L engine.

The 2.5 L engine also features five [[main bearing]]s and eight [[overhead valve]]s. The new engine retained the water pump and front housing as well as connecting rods from AMC's existing I6 engines. The timing chain is a "super-duty" double-roller design with the added protection of an automatic tensioner.<ref name="looking"/> The initial versions included a distributor with conventional mechanical and vacuum advance featuring a computer, and individual cylinder knock sensors that can advance up to 6 degrees when the engine is running knock-free or compensate for low-quality fuel in two-degree steps for up to 12 degrees of spark retard.<ref name="looking"/>

The 1984 and 1985 engines included a one-barrel carburetor. Starting in 1986, a throttle-body fuel injection system took advantage of the engine's breathing capacity.<ref name="PM-Tech"/> The redesign included a revised computerized spark curve and 10% higher cranking speeds due to a new lighter weight - going from {{cvt|17|to|8|lb|kg|0}}), low-current draw permanent-magnet starters with compact planetary reduction gears.<ref name="PM-Tech">{{cite magazine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=duMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=AMC+2.5+engine&hl=en |title=Technical Highlights - AMC |page=35 |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=October 1985 |volume=162 |issue=10 |via=Google Books |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref>

American Motors introduced plastic quick-connect fittings with pre-attached vacuum hoses starting with the 1987 model year.<ref name="Warren">{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=z-MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA143&dq=1984+AMC+2.5+engine&hl=en |title=New Cars 1987 - Technical Highlights |first=Pete |last=Warren |magazine=Popular Mechanics |page=145 |date=October 1986 |volume=163 |issue=10 |via=Google Books |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref> This reduced the maze of vacuum hoses, reduced mistakes on the assembly line, and made checking for leaks easy before joining each connector half.<ref name="Warren"/>

The engine's reliability can be partially credited to its simple valvetrain design using hydraulic lifters, pushrods, and rocker arms.<ref name="Capraro">{{cite web|url= https://www.slashgear.com/1498133/what-made-older-jeep-2-5l-engines-so-reliable/ |title=Here's What Made Jeep's 2.5L Engine So Reliable |first=Joe |last=Capraro |date=27 January 2024 |website=slashgear.com |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref> American Motors incorporated hardened exhaust valve seat inserts that are typically used only on aluminum heads.<ref name="PM-Tech"/> A thinner wall between the exhaust valve seats and the water jacket was incorporated in the head casting to enhance heat transfer.<ref name="PM-Tech"/> These improvements allowed the engine to sail through AMC's tough 1,000-hour torture tests.<ref name="PM-Tech"/>

Instead of the standard AMC [[bell housing]] bolt pattern, AMC/Jeep engineers adopted the [[General Motors]] small V6 and four-cylinder bolt pattern (commonly used with GM's [[Transverse engine|transverse-mounted powerplants]]) for their new engine for two reasons. First, the new AMC 2.5 replaced the four-cylinder engines purchased from GM. Second, AMC continued to purchase the [[GM 60-Degree V6 engine#LR2|2.8 L V6]] from [[General Motors|GM]] until the 4.0 L I6 was introduced in 1987.

The AMC 2.5 L I4 and GM's V6 shared the same [[drivetrain]] components in Jeep vehicles, whereas stronger [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmissions]] were needed for the new 4.0 L. The 2.5 L also shared an 18mm threaded oil filter used with the GM 2.8 L ([[ACDelco]] PF47 or equivalent) through 1986, when the 4.0 L was phased into production with the XJ models, the oil filter was changed over to a 20mm thread size shared with [[Renault]]s until 1991.

The AMC I4 first appeared in 1984 [[model year]] with the new [[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)|XJ Cherokee]]. In 1986, the head underwent a minor revision: the head bolts were increased from 7/16 to 1/2 inch. From 1997 until 2002, it was marketed as the "PowerTech I4."<ref>{{cite book |title=High-Performance Jeep Wrangler TJ Builder's Guide |page=26 |first=Christian |last=Lee |publisher=CarTech |year=2007 |isbn=9781932494266}}</ref> It was produced through 2002 for the [[Jeep Wrangler]], as well as for the [[Dodge Dakota]] pickup that also featured the AMC/Jeep-designed four-cylinder as its standard engine on regular-cab, rear-wheel-drive models from 1996 through 2002.<ref>{{cite web |title=1996 Dodge Trucks brochure |pages=6, 7, 14 |url= https://www.oldcarbrochures.org/United%20States/Chrysler%20Trucks%20and%20Vans/1996-Trucks-and-Vans/1996-Dodge-Truck-Brochure/slides/1996_Dodge_Trucks-14-15.html |website=oldcarbrochures.org |accessdate=7 June 2024}}</ref>

This lightweight engine is similar to its "big brother" 4.0 L, and although not as powerful, it is durable with no reliability issues.<ref>{{cite book |title=High-Performance Jeep Cherokee XJ Builder's Guide 1984-2001 |first=Eric |last=Zapp |publisher=CarTech |year=2006 |page=99 |isbn=9781932494143}}</ref> It has become "notorious for lasting well beyond 200,000 miles, and some owners report putting upwards of 300,000 miles on their 2.5-liter-equipped Jeeps."<ref name="Capraro"/> The AMC 2.5 L is ranked among the very best of Jeep's I4 engines and is highly regarded for its robust build.<ref name="Menon">{{cite web|url= https://www.vehiclehistory.com/articles/jeep-2-5-engine-power-reliability |title=Jeep 2.5 Engine: Power & Reliability |first=Kiran |last=Menon |date=25 June 2021 |website=vehiclehistory.com |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref>

It was not known to be the most powerful engine, but it has an almost flat torque curve, making it as robust as the modern iterations in the early 2020s.<ref name="Capraro"/><ref name="looking"/><ref name="Menon"/>

Initially rated at {{cvt|105|hp|kW PS|0}} and {{cvt|132|ftlb|Nm|0}} of torque using throttle body injection, output the final year was {{cvt|121|hp|kW PS|0}} at 5400 rpm and {{cvt|145|ftlb|Nm|0}} of torque at 3250 rpm using [[Fuel injection#Multi-point injection|sequential multiple-port fuel injection]] (MPFI).<ref name="Menon"/> For comparison, the 258 CID I6 provided {{cvt|112|hp|kW PS|0}} at 3200 rpm and {{cvt|210|ftlb|Nm}} of torque at 2000 rpm in its final year with the computer-controlled [[carburetor]].

For several years, the engine was detuned for the Wrangler; from at least 1992 through 1995, it produced {{cvt|130|hp|kW PS|0}} and {{cvt|149|ftlb|Nm|0}} of torque with 9.2:1 [[compression ratio]] in the Cherokee and Comanche.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.allpar.com/threads/the-amc-2-5-liter-four-cylinder-engine.230002/#post-1085224100 |last=Clark |first=Robert |title=The AMC 2.5 liter four-cylinder engine |date=16 November 2020 |website=allpar.com |accessdate=31 December 2022}}</ref>

When emissions and fuel economy are a priority, the final MPFI versions of AMC's 2.5 L engine are considered superior.<ref name="Menon"/> Tests of the newly downsized 1984 Jeep XJ with the initial carbureted version and five-speed manual transmission returned {{cvt|15.3|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp}} on the first tankful.<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FeMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA174&dq=1984+AMC+2.5+engine&hl=en |title=Long-Term Tests - Jeep Cherokee Chief |page=174 |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=March 1984 |volume=161 |issue=3 |via=Google Books |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref> Strictly in terms of miles per gallon fuel efficiency in stock Jeep Wrangler applications, ''Motor Trend'' described "almost no difference" between the 2.5 L I4 and 4.0 L I6 engines, but the 4.0 having an advantage in on- and off-road drivability.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.motortrend.com/features/jeep-four-cylinder-vs-six-cylinder/ |title=Four-Cylinder vs. Six-Cylinder Wrangler - 2.5L vs. 4.0L differences when buying an older Jeep Wrangler |first=Christian |last=Hazel |date=5 January 2021 |work=Motor Trend |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|'''Fuel system'''||'''[[Compression ratio]]''' || '''[[Horsepower]]''' || '''[[Torque]]'''
|-
|[[Carburetor|One-barrel carburetor]] (1984–1985) || 9.2:1 || {{cvt|105|hp|kW PS|0}} at 5,000 rpm || {{cvt|132|ftlb|Nm|0}} at 2,800 rpm
|-
|[[Fuel injection#TBI|Throttle body injection (TBI)]] (1986–1990) || 9.2:1 || {{cvt|117|hp|kW PS|0}} at 5,000 rpm || {{cvt|135|ftlb|Nm|0}} at 3,500 rpm
|-
|[[Fuel injection#Multi-point injection|Multi-point fuel injection (MPFI)]] (1991–2002) || 9.1:1 || {{cvt|120|hp|kW PS|0}} at 5,250 rpm ||{{cvt|139|ftlb|Nm|0}} at 3,250 rpm
|}

[[File:1992 Jeep YJ AMC I4 engine.JPG|right|thumb|2.5 L AMC straight-4 in a 1992 [[Jeep YJ]] ]]
[[File:Jeep 2.5 liter 4-cylinder engine chromed.jpg|thumb|2.5 L AMC I4 built in Kenosha, WI, on display]]

Note that the TBI system was made by [[Renix]] and used from mid-1986 through August 1990.

==Applications==
The AMC {{cvt|150|CID|L|1}} engine was used in the following vehicles:
*1983–1984 [[Jeep_DJ#Model_numbers|Jeep DJ-5M]]
*1983–1984 [[AMC Eagle]]
*1984–1986 [[Jeep CJ-7]]
*1984–2000 [[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)]]
*1986–1992 [[Jeep Comanche]] (MJ)
*1987–2002 [[Jeep Wrangler]] (YJ/TJ)
*1988–1989 [[Eagle Premier]]
*1996–2002 [[Dodge Dakota]]

=={{anchor|C498QA|Beijing}} In China==

AMC's Chinese joint venture [[Beijing Benz|Beijing Jeep Corporation]] also manufactured the 150 cubic-inch inline-four for installation in the locally built XJ Cherokee, originally called the Beijing Jeep BJ213 Cherokee. Local manufacturing began in 1984, and the engine's name was '''C498QA''' in China.<ref name=family>{{cite web |url= http://www.cherokee-fr.com/~jeepfamily/Asie/Chine/BJCengine/BJC2L5/MotBJC2L5C498QA.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200324234432/http://www.cherokee-fr.com/~jeepfamily/Asie/Chine/BJCengine/BJC2L5/MotBJC2L5C498QA.htm |archivedate=24 March 2020 |title=Chine - Moteur BJC C498QA I4 2.5 L 1983-2003 |date=5 April 2013 |website=cherokee-fr.com |last=Cossard |first=Hubert |language=fr |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> A wide variety of variants and code names were applied to the Cherokee over the years, with the most drastic change being the facelifted Beijing Jeep 2500 which arrived in 2002. Beijing Jeep also developed a stroked 2.7 L version called the C498QA3, which entered production around 2003. This fuel-injected engine displaces {{cvt|2744|cc|cuin}}, produced {{cvt|96|kW|PS hp|0}} at 4800 rpm and was installed in a variant of the 2500 model called the Jeep 2700.<ref name=family2700>{{cite web |url= http://www.cherokee-fr.com/~jeepfamily/Asie/Chine/BJCengine/BJC2L7/MotBJC2L7C498QA3.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200325003920/http://www.cherokee-fr.com/~jeepfamily/Asie/Chine/BJCengine/BJC2L7/MotBJC2L7C498QA3.htm |archive-date=25 March 2020 |title= Chine - Moteur BJC C498QA3 I4 2.7 L 2003-2007 |website=cherokee-fr.com |last=Cossard |first=Hubert |language=fr |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref>

From the beginning of the Jeep joint venture, Beijing had envisioned installing the C498QA engine in the original [[Beijing BJ212|Beijing Jeep]], with trial installation taking place in 1986 (the BJ 212 E model).<ref name=beiti>{{citation |ref=BeTi |title=Cars and 4x4s from Beijing and Tianjin |editor-last=van Ingen Schenau |editor-first=Erik |publisher=The China Motor Vehicle Documentation Centre |page=93 |location=Ortaffa, France |date=2010 |orig-year=2004 |edition=Fourth }}</ref> However, the first derivative of the old Beijing Jeep to be fitted with the American engine was the facelifted BJ 2020 V of 1999.<ref name=beiti/> Beijing's BJ 752 prototype sedan was also fitted with the Jeep Cherokee engine, but only three examples were built in 1987 and 1988.<ref name=beiti27>[[#BeTi|van Ingen Schenau]], p. 27</ref> After the joint venture was dissolved in 2009, manufacture of the Cherokee continued under the [[BAW|Beijing Auto Works (BAW)]] name. However, BAW only installed the C498QA engine in their Cherokee-based BJ2025 Leichi SUV from 2004 until 2008.<ref name=family/>

==See also==
*[[AMC straight-6 engine]]
*[[AMC V8 engine]]
*[[List of AMC engines]]
*[[AMC and Jeep transmissions]]
*[[List of Chrysler engines]]

== External links ==
{{Commons inline}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{American Motors}}
{{amc Timeline}}

{{Jeep Car Timeline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Straight-4}}
[[Category:AMC engines]]
[[Category:Chrysler engines]]
[[Category:Jeep engines]]
[[Category:Straight-four engines]]
[[Category:Gasoline engines by model]]

Jeep four-wheel-drive systems

2024-12-20T05:09:50Z

47.201.95.6: /* Selec-Terrain */

{{short description|Overview of the various four-wheel drive systems Jeep uses on their vehicles}}
{{about|Jeep Four-Wheel drive systems by tradename|the article on AMC and Jeep transfer cases|AMC and Jeep transmissions#Transfer cases}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2010}}
[[Jeep]] uses a variety of [[four-wheel drive]] systems on their [[automobile|vehicles]]. These range from basic part-time systems that require the driver to move a control lever to send power to four wheels, to permanent four-wheel systems that monitor and sense traction needs at all four wheels automatically under all conditions.

==Summary==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;text-align:center;"
|+Jeep four-wheel-drive system branding<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/154-0606-understand-jeep-4wd-systems/ |title=Easy to Understand - Jeep 4WD Systems |author=Trasborg, Pete |date=December 18, 2007 |work=Motor Trend |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
! colspan=2 | Feature !! Command-Trac !! Rock-Trac !! Selec-Trac !! Quadra-Trac<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/23658-original-jeep-quadra-trac/ |title=Inside the Original Jeep Quadra-Trac |date=November 1, 1999 |work=Motor Trend |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> !! Quadra-Trac II !! Quadra-Drive
!Quadra-Drive II!! Freedom Drive !! Active Drive !! Selec-Terrain
|-
! colspan=2 | Years
|  1980–present
|  2003–present
|  1983–present
|  1973–1998
| colspan=2 | 1999–2004
|2005–2021
| 2007–2017
|  2014–present
| 2011–present
|-
! colspan=2 | Full/Part-time 4WD
|  Part
|  Part
|  Part/Full
|  Part/Full
| colspan=2 | Full/Adaptive
|Full/Adaptive
| Full
|  Full
| Full
|-style="font-size:90%;"
! colspan=2 | Modes
|  2Hi, 4HI PT, 4LO PT
|  2Hi, 4HI PT, 4LO PT
|  2WD, 4WD HI PT, 4WD HI FT, N, 4WD LO ''ST II'': 2WD, 4WD Auto, N, 4WD LO
|  4WD HI Locked (PT), 4WD HI Open (FT), N, 4WD LO Open (FT), 4WD LO Locked (PT)
| ''QTII'': 4-All Time, N, 4-Lo ''QTI'': 4-All Time
|  4-All Time, N, 4-Lo
|4-All Time, N, 4-Lo
| —
|  ''ADII'': 4-Low ''ADL'': 4-Low, Rock
| Auto, Snow, Sport, Sand/Mud, Rock
|-style="font-size:90%;"
! colspan=2 | [[Transfer case]]
|  NP208 (1980–87) NP231/207 (1984–2001) NP241J (2002–07)
|  NV241OR (2003–present)
|  NP228/229 (1983–91) NP242 (1987–2007) MP3022 (''Selec-Trac II'', 2008–12 & 2018–present)
|  BW1339 (1973–79) NP219 (1980–82) NP/NV249 (1993–98)
| colspan=2 | NV247 (1999–2004) 
|NV245 (2005–10; WK) MP3023 (2011-2021; WK2)
| (electronic)
|  —
| —
|-
! rowspan=3 | Differential
| F
| 
|  Tru-Lok
| 
| 
| 
| Vari-Lok
|Electronic LSD (WK) /No LSD - Traction Control Only (WK2/WL)
|
|  Open
| 
|-
| C
|  —{{efn|name=PT|Part-time system; transfer case locks front and rear axles together when engaged}}
|  —{{efn|name=PT}}
|  Open or locked
|  Limited-slip / locking
| colspan=2 | Limited-slip / locking
|Electronic clutch pack
|
|  Electronic
| 
|-
| R
|  Trac-loc LSD{{efn|name=Opt|Optional}}
|  Tru-Lok{{efn|Rear Tru-Lok functions as a limited-slip differential when not locked}}
|  Trac-loc LSD{{efn|name=Opt|Optional}}
| 
| 
| Vari-Lok
|Electronic LSD
|
|  Open
| 
|-
! colspan=2 | Low Range
|  2.72:1
|  4:1
|  2.72:1
|  2.57:1{{efn|name=Opt}}
| ''QTII'': 2.72:1
|  2.72:1
|
| —
|  —
| —

|}

;Notes
{{notelist}}

==Command-Trac==

===Command-Trac===
Command-Trac was first introduced using the NP208 transfer case in the full-size Jeeps (SJ series) in 1980. The drive modes are the same as with the Dana 18 and 20 transfer cases: 2Hi, 4HI PT, and 4LO PT. The 4WD modes are not for use on high-traction surfaces such as dry roads. The NP208 was used through at least 1987.

More commonly, ''Command-Trac'' is used to refer to the NP/NV-231 or NP-207 transfer cases introduced along with the '''[[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)|Jeep Cherokee]]''' (XJ) in 1984. The system offers a chain-driven, aluminum, "shift-on-the-fly" transfer case. The "shift-on-the-fly" feature provides manual ease and assist while engaging 4WD. ''Command-Trac'' should only be driven in 4WD on low-traction surfaces due to the front and rear axles being locked together (no differential action in the transfer case). Driving in 4WD on dry pavement causes excessive tire and drivetrain wear. Four-wheel modes are most commonly used for wet/slick surfaces or extreme weather conditions (rain, snow, etc.) (4H), towing (N), and off-road activities (4L).

There are reports of a modified version known as NP-231J HD which was supposedly (SP) a "heavy duty" version for the '''[[Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ)|Jeep Grand Cherokee]]''' (ZJ) with V8 engines. The NP/NV-231 case is a chain-driven unit that takes 21- or 23-spline input shafts. The 23-spline was for the AX-15 transmission, and the 21-spline was used for the AX-5 and BA 10/5 transmissions. Low range for this case was 2.72 and high range was 1.00.

The Command-Trac HD transfer case was used in 6-speed Liberty KJ's from 2005 to 2007. Although sometimes referred to as the "NV(NP)231HD," the transfer cases are actually the 241 series used in full-sized trucks from other makers (241D or 241C). The Jeep version is labelled "NV(NP)241J." This is not the NV241OR transfer case found in the Jeep Wrangler Rubicon, which uses a 4.0 low range and has a reinforced case. Dodge uses a 241DHD, which has a reinforced case but the 2.72 low range.

The Jeep Grand Cherokee/Commander line no longer offers a part-time transfer case option. The reason behind this was its poor sales along with an improved Selec-Trac. ''Selec-Trac'' and a simplistic ''Quadra-Trac'' had the convenience and comfort of "Full-Time" all wheel drive that ''Command-Trac'' lacked for "luxury" SUV's that did not require the more rugged part-time system.

The terms "Command-Trac" and "Selec-Trac" were used in other Jeep lines and refer to different transfer cases in those lines.

Applications:
* 1984-2001 [[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)|Jeep Cherokee]] (XJ)
* 1986-1992 [[Jeep Comanche]] (MJ)
* 1987–Present [[Jeep Wrangler]] (YJ, TJ, JK, JL)
* 1993-1995 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ)|Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (ZJ)
* 2002-2007 [[Jeep Liberty (KJ)|Jeep Liberty/Cherokee]] (KJ)
* 1980-1987 [[Jeep Wagoneer (SJ)|Jeep Cherokee/Wagoneer/Grand Wagoneer]] (SJ)

===Command-Trac II===
Command-Trac II works the same as [[Command-Trac]] but uses a console mounted switch to control the MP1522 transfer case as opposed to a floor mounted lever.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jeep.com/en/4x4/how_systems_work/command_trac_2/ |title=Jeep 4x4 Basics |publisher=jeep.com |access-date=2012-08-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807002502/http://m.jeep.com/en/4x4/how_systems_work/command_trac_2/ |archive-date=2012-08-07 }}</ref>

Applications:
* 2008-2012 [[Jeep Liberty (KK)|Jeep Liberty/Cherokee]] (KK)

==Rock-Trac==
Rock-Trac is similar to [[Command-Trac]] but uses the [[New Venture Gear]] NV241OR and adds [[locking differentials]] and 4:1 low gear ratio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeep.com/en/4x4/index.html#RockTrack, |title=Jeep 4x4 Basics |publisher=jeep.com |access-date=2012-08-16}}</ref> In 2007 an electric front sway bar disconnect was added and the locking differentials switched from air-actuation to electric actuation.

Applications:
* 2003–Present [[Jeep Wrangler]] Rubicon (TJ, JK, JL)
* 2005–Present [[Jeep Wrangler|Jeep Wrangler Unlimited]] Rubicon (TJ, JK, JL)
* 2020–Present [[Jeep Gladiator (JT)|Jeep Gladiator]] Rubicon (JT)

==Selec-Trac==

===Selec-Trac===
Selec-Trac was first introduced in the full-size Jeeps (SJ) in 1983 using the [[New Process]] NP228 and NP229 transfer cases. These are very similar to the Quadra-Trac NP219 transfer case described in the next section below. The differences are 1) they added a 2WD mode for fuel savings and 2) the 2WD-to-4WD modes were controlled via a vacuum switch on the dashboard. The Hi-N-Lo range selection was still performed using a shift lever on the console. The NP228 differs from the NP229 by not having the viscous coupling in 4WD Hi mode, reverting to a simpler open center differential. Both transfer cases still lock the center differential in 4WD Lo mode. The NP228/229 transfer cases were available in the full-size Jeeps from 1983 to 1991. The NP228 was also available in the XJ Cherokee and Wagoneers and the MJ Comanche pickups from 1984 until replaced by the NP242 in 1987. Several companies have offered a dual shift lever conversion which replaces the vacuum switch and solenoid with a more reliable second console lever for 2WD-4WD mode selection.

The [[AMC Eagle]] used the NP119 transfer case in 1980, a strictly full-time all wheel drive model. From 1981 to 1988, a similar system was employed, dubbed "Select-Drive", which allowed the vehicle to switch from all wheel drive to 2WD using the NP129 model transfer case. The NP129 contained a viscous coupling around an open differential for added traction in slippery conditions. The NP128 has also been found equipped in select model years, which does not feature a viscous coupling.

The NP242 Selec-Trac transfer case debuted alongside the Fuel-Injected 4.0L Inline-6 in the compact Jeep Cherokee in 1987. The shifter has modes 2WD - 4WD Hi Part-Time - 4WD Hi Full-Time - N - 4WD Low. There is a center differential that is open in 4WD Hi Full-Time mode and distributes torque 48/52% front-to-rear. This mode can be used on dry pavement or slippery surfaces with only a small fuel mileage penalty compared to 2WD mode. In 4WD Hi Part-Time and 4WD Low, the center differential is mechanically locked, so these modes are for slippery surfaces only.<ref>http://media.fcanorthamerica.com/pdf.do?id=1506 {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Low range engages a 2.72:1 planetary gear ratio for increased torque and low speeds. Overall, this system functions very much like the NP228 transfer case above, just with all of the mode and range controls via a single, console-mounted shift lever. It was available in the 1987 to 2001 XJ Cherokee and Wagoneer, the 1987 to 1992 MJ Comanche, the 1993 to 2004 ZJ and WJ Grand Cherokees, the 2002 to 2007 KJ Liberty, and the 1998 to 2000 Dodge Durango. It was replaced in the 2005 Grand Cherokee by the Quadra-Trac II system featuring the NV245 transfer case with 4WD Auto mode and in the 2008 KK Liberty by Selec-Trac II using the MP3022 transfer case.

Applications:
* 1983–1991 [[Jeep Wagoneer (SJ)|Jeep Wagoneer/Grand Wagoneer]] and [[Jeep Gladiator (SJ)|Jeep full-size pickups]] (SJ)
* 1984–2001 [[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)|Jeep Cherokee/Wagoneer]] (XJ)
* 1986–1992 [[Jeep Comanche]] (MJ) *note, 1986 models were available with Selec-Trac utilizing only the NP228/NP229
* 1993–2004 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (ZJ, WJ)
* 1998–2000 [[Dodge Durango#First generation (DN; 1998)|Dodge Durango]]
* 2002–2007 [[Jeep Liberty (KJ)|Jeep Liberty/Cherokee]] (KJ)

===Selec-Trac II===
Selec-Trac II uses a console mounted switch to control the MP3022 transfer case. The switch controls the 4WD mode with options of 2WD - 4WD Auto - N - 4WD Low. The MP3022 transfer case uses an electronically controlled clutch pack to bias torque from 100% rear to 50/50% front/rear. The transfer case has no center differential, so power can only be supplied to the front axle when the rear wheels begin to slip. In this way, the transfer case works almost identically to the NV247 transfer case used in the Quadra-Trac II system in 1999 to 2004 WJ Jeep Grand Cherokees. In 4WD Low mode, the clutch pack is locked and power flows through a 2.72:1 planetary gear set for higher torque at lower speeds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jeep.com/en/4x4/how_systems_work/selec_trac_2/ |title=Jeep 4x4 Basics |publisher=jeep.com |access-date=2012-08-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701043941/http://m.jeep.com/en/4x4/how_systems_work/selec_trac_2/ |archive-date=2012-07-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lostjeeps.com/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=25830 |title=Selec-Trac II (MP 3022) and CommandTrac II (MP 1522) |publisher=lostjeeps.com/forum |access-date=2017-02-14}}</ref>

The 2018 and newer JL Wrangler comes by default with Command-Trac, but its Sahara trim can be upgraded to Selec-Trac II, marketed as simply Selec-Trac, utilizing the MP3022 transfer case.

Applications:
* 2008–2012 [[Jeep Liberty (KK)|Jeep Liberty/Cherokee]] (KK)
* 2018–Present [[Jeep Wrangler (JL)|Jeep Wrangler]] Sahara (JL)
* 2021–Present [[Jeep Gladiator (JT)|Jeep Gladiator]] (JT)

==Quadra-Trac==
[[File:1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo - Blackberry with Crimson interior 17.jpg|thumb|right|Quadra-Trac transfer case in a 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee ZJ]]
[[File:1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo - Blackberry with Crimson interior 14.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Quadra-Trac selector in a 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee ZJ]]
The '''Quadra-Trac''' name is used on a variety of full-time 4WD systems. The first version used the [[Borg-Warner]] BW1339 transfer case and was produced from 1973 to 1979.<ref name="allen90">{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Jim|title=Jeep 4x4 Performance Handbook|publisher=MotorBooks/MBI Publishing|year=1998|page=[https://archive.org/details/jeep4x4performan00alle/page/90 90]|isbn=978-0-7603-0470-9|author-link=Jim Allen (4x4 writer)|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/jeep4x4performan00alle/page/90}}</ref> The next version used the [[New Process]] NP219 transfer case and was produced from 1980 to 1982. From 1993 to 1995 the New Process NP249 transfer case carried the name. And from 1996 to 1998 the transfer case was manufactured by [[New Venture Gear]] with some minor improvements and it was renamed the NV249.

Quadra-Trac was the trade name for the [[Borg-Warner]] 1305 and 1339 gear cases. It was a chain-drive system introduced in 1973 on the full-sized Jeep line behind the AMC version of the Turbo-Hydramatic 400 automatic transmission. CJ7s also received the Quadra-Trac starting in 1976. The BW1305 included 1) a differential with a cone-type slip-limiting clutch to distribute torque between the front and rear output shafts and 2) a vacuum-switch-operated differential lock. It offered only 4WD Hi modes in full-time (open) or part-time (locked) modes. The BW1339 added a 2.57:1 low range gearset to the BW1305, enabling 5 modes: 4WD Hi Locked, 4WD Hi Open, Neutral, 4WD Low Open, and 4WD Low Locked.

The Jeep Quadra-Trac was differentiated from the open "New Process" Gear NP203 used by [[Dodge]], [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], and [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] in that it included a center limited slip differential feature, in this case a clutch pack.

Applications:
* 1973-1979 [[Jeep Wagoneer]] (SJ)
* 1973-1979 [[Jeep Cherokee (SJ)|Jeep Cherokee]] (SJ)
* 1973-1979 [[Jeep Gladiator (SJ)|Jeep Gladiator]]
* 1976-1979 [[Jeep CJ|Jeep CJ-7]]

The Borg-Warner system was replaced with a "New Process Gear" NP219-based system in 1980<ref>[http://wagoneers.com/FSJ/tech/quadratrac.html John, Full-size Jeep pages on wagoneers.com 25 February 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928153820/http://wagoneers.com/FSJ/tech/quadratrac.html |date=28 September 2007 }}. Retrieved on 9 October 2010.</ref> The NP219 Quadra-Trac transfer case was available in full-size Jeep Cherokee, Wagoneer, and Grand Wagoneer from 1980 through 1982. It offered the following modes: 4H LK, 4H, N, and 4L. In 4H (full-time 4WD High) a center differential with a [[Limited-slip differential#Viscous (VLSD)|viscous limited-slip coupling]] is used between the front and rear output shafts. A 2.61:1 low range was engaged in 4WD Lo mode. And in both '4H LK' (4WD Hi Locked) and '4L' modes the center differential is mechanically locked. The 'N' mode disengages the transfer case, transmission, and engine from the axles, thus enabling flat-towing the Jeep behind another vehicle. In 1983, the NP219-based Quadra-Trac system was replaced by the NP228/229-based [[Selec-Trac]], adding a fuel-saving 2WD mode to the full- and part-time 4WD modes of Quadra-Trac.

Applications:
* 1980-1982 [[Jeep Wagoneer]] and [[Jeep Gladiator (SJ)|full-size pickups]] (SJ)

In 1993 Jeep re-introduced Quadra-Trac, this time on the Jeep Grand Cherokee using the NP249 transfer case. Like the NP219, this transfer case utilizes a center differential with a [[Limited-slip differential#Viscous (VLSD)|viscous coupler]] to provide smooth and efficient four-wheel drive operation on all surfaces. This system has 4WD All-Time, Neutral, and 4WD Low modes. In normal 4WD All-time mode, the center differential is open and distributes torque to both the front and rear axles. When a difference in speed occurs between the axles, heat buildup causes the viscous fluid inside the coupler to thicken, which progressively locks the center differential thus transferring power to the axle with more traction. In 4WD Low, the input torque is multiplied through a 2.72:1 planetary gearset.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McCraw|first=Jim|title=4x4 when the going gets tough|journal=Popular Science|date=November 1992|volume=251|issue=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngEAAAAAMBAJ&q=Jeep+four+wheel+drive+systems+serious+off-roading&pg=PA110|access-date=10 October 2010|page=112}}</ref> NP249 transfer cases used the viscous coupler to transfer power in both high and low ranges.

Applications:
* 1993-1995 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ)|Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (ZJ)

In 1996 the NP249 was replaced with the [[New Venture Gear]] NV249 transfer case. This added a mechanical differential lock to 4WD Low mode, making it much more durable for serious off-road use. The NV249-based Quadra-Trac system was replaced by the NV247-based [[Quadra-Trac II]] system for the 1999 to 2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ).

Applications:
* 1996-1998 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ)|Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (ZJ)

==Quadra-Trac II==
[[File:JEEP QUADRA-TRAC II.jpg|thumb|right|Quadra-Trac II selector in a 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WG)]]
Quadra-Trac II was introduced in 1999 and it employs a two-speed chain-driven [[transfer case]] featuring three modes of operation, "4-All Time", "N" or neutral, and "4-Lo". Two different transfer cases were used, the NV247 in 1999-2004 WJs and the NV245 in 2005-2010 WKs and 2006-2009 XKs.

For the 1999-2004 Jeep Grand Cherokees using the NV247 transfer case, in "4-All Time" mode torque is applied to only the rear wheels under normal driving conditions. A [[gerotor]] pump is connected between the front and rear output shafts and senses any speed difference between them. When the shafts are turning at different speeds (wheel slippage), the pump supplies oil under pressure to a wet clutch pack. The clutch pack applies progressive 0 to 100% locking between the front and rear output shafts. For example, if the rear axle starts rotating at a significantly higher rate than the front axle, the [[gerotor]] pump causes the clutch pack to progressively lock, transferring torque to the front axle until both axles are driven at the same speed. The apply pressure in the clutch pack bleeds off slowly, which progressively unlocks the clutch pack and biases torque output towards "rear only" unless the rear wheels are still slipping. There is no center differential, so on dry pavement the front and rear output shafts cannot be locked without causing driveline binding. The "N" or neutral mode is intended for towing the vehicle. In "4-Lo" mode, the input shaft drives through a 2.72:1 reduction planetary gear set and the front and rear axles are locked together through the clutch pack. This same NV247 transfer case is the foundation for the [[Quadra-Drive]] system described below.

In 2005 Jeep replaced the [[New Venture Gear]] NV247 transfer case with the NV245 transfer case. This transfer case actually has a center differential, allowing both the front and rear axles to have power supplied to them without driveline binding, even on dry pavement. The torque distribution under normal driving conditions (no tire slippage) is 48% front and 52% rear. There is also an electronically controlled variable lockup clutch pack that can apply progressive 0 to 100% locking across the center differential. This is the improvement over the [[Selec-Trac]] NV242 transfer case, as that system has only fully unlocked and fully locked settings and requires manual shifting between them. And finally, the NV245 has the 'N' and '4WD Low' modes which act in the same manner as in the NV247 transfer case above.

The major difference between the NV245-based Quadra-Trac II and [[Quadra-Drive II]] is that Quadra-Trac II uses the Brake Traction Control System (BTCS) instead of electronically controlled differentials. When it senses a left-to-right speed differences between wheel hubs BTCS can apply each of the vehicle's brakes independently, similar to [[anti-lock brakes]], enabling Quadra-Trac II's open front and rear differentials to offer limited-slip capabilities.

Applications:
* 1999–Present [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (WJ, WG, WK, WK2, WL)
* 2006-2009 [[Jeep Commander (XK)|Jeep Commander]] (XK)

===Quadra-Trac I===
Quadra-Trac I was introduced in 2004 and works similarly to the [[Quadra-Trac II]] system, but eliminates the "4 Lo" and "N" or neutral modes. By excluding these modes it creates a system that requires no driver input.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.jeep.com/en/4x4/how_systems_work/quadra_trac/ |title=Jeep 4x4 Basics |publisher=jeep.com |access-date=2012-08-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629211320/http://m.jeep.com/en/4x4/how_systems_work/quadra_trac/ |archive-date=2012-06-29 }}</ref> In 2005 Jeep added the [[Traction control system|brake traction control system]] and replaced the [[New Venture Gear]] NV147 transfer case<ref name="wjjeeps">[http://www.wjjeeps.com/tcases.htm WJ Four-Wheel Drive Systems, WJ Jeeps.com]. Retrieved on 9 October 2010.</ref> with the NV140 transfer case.

Applications:
* 2004–Present [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (WJ, WK, WK2, WL)
* 2006-2009 [[Jeep Commander (XK)|Jeep Commander]] (XK)

==Quadra-Drive==
[[File:Quadra-Drive Shifter.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Quadra-Drive selector in a 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ)]]
The Quadra-Drive system was introduced in 1999 and is based on the [[Quadra-Trac II]] system but adds [[gerotor]] [[Differential (mechanical device)|differential]]s to the front and rear axles to create a four-wheel drive system capable of not only directing torque to the axle with the better traction but to the individual wheel on an axle with better traction.

===Quadra-Drive===
Quadra-Drive uses the [[New Venture Gear]] NV247 transfer case mated to front and rear axles containing Jeep's ''Vari-Lok'' which are [[gerotor]]-equipped [[Differential (mechanical device)|differentials]].
Applications:
* 1999-2004 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ)|Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (WJ)

===Quadra-Drive II===
Quadra-Drive II uses the [[New Venture Gear]] NV245 transfer case mated to front and rear axles containing [[limited slip differential#Electronic|electronic limited slip differentials]] or ELSDs. Jeep added [[Traction control system|traction control]] in 2005 and starting in 2011 only a rear ELSD is offered, while the front has an open differential.

Applications:
* 2005–Present [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (WK, WK2, WL)
* 2006-2010 [[Jeep Commander (XK)|Jeep Commander]] (XK)

==Freedom Drive==
Freedom Drive is [[Jeep]]'s [[four wheel drive]] system used in its compact [[crossover SUV]]s based on a [[front wheel drive]] platform, the [[Jeep Compass|Compass]] and [[Jeep Patriot|Patriot]]. There are two versions of the basic Freedom Drive system for the US Market, called I and II.

===Freedom Drive I===
Freedom Drive I is a light duty full-time electronically controlled [[all wheel drive]] system with a locking mode to set the front/rear torque split for especially slippery conditions in the Jeeps derived from the Chrysler/Mitsubishi [[Mitsubishi GS platform|GS Platform.]]

Applications:
* 2007–2017 [[Jeep Compass]] (MK)
* 2007–2017 [[Jeep Patriot]] (MK)

===Freedom Drive II===
Freedom Drive II uses the same hardware as the FDI system but adds a lower axle gear ratio in conjunction with the CVT to simulate the benefits of a low-range transfer case, giving a '''19:1''' overall gear ratio for off-road use. This function is an alternate program in the CVT and is not a transfer case function. FDII also adds a [[Hill Descent Control system|hill descent control system]], off-road tuned [[traction control system|traction control]], and [[electronic stability program]]. The Patriot with FDII also features longer suspension travel (all 4x4, post 2011 models have the same suspension), skid plates, tow hooks, and a full-size spare tire. This enables the FDII-equipped Patriot to wear the "Trail Rated" badge from Jeep. Trail Rated Jeep vehicles are determined by meeting several requirements of off-road conditions including water fording, articulation, and other tests.

Applications:
* 2007–2017 [[Jeep Patriot]] (MK)
* 2011–2017 [[Jeep Compass]] (MK)

For the European Market there is a single version which combines elements of both U.S. versions. The European version is available with either a CVT gearbox or most commonly with a 6-speed manual gearbox and has two settings on the traction control and [[electronic stability program]] systems to cater for off-road activity, U.S. FDII suspension travel and a full-size spare tire. Skid plates and tow hooks are options in the EU, but the hill descent control system is not available.

Applications:
* 2007–2017 [[Jeep Compass]] (MK)
* 2007–2017 [[Jeep Patriot]] (MK)

==Active Drive==

===Active Drive I===
Active Drive I is a full-time four-wheel drive system that requires no driver input. This system under normal conditions sends all available torque to the front wheels while monitoring the speed of the front and rear axles. If the system detects that the front axle is moving more quickly than the rear axle then the system will send power through the power transfer unit to the rear axle until the speeds are the same.<ref name="Autoblog">{{cite web|last=Harley|first=Michael|title=2014 Jeep Cherokee flaunts its new contemporary curves|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/03/27/2014-jeep-cherokee-flaunts-its-new-contemporary-curves/|work=autoblog.com|access-date=27 March 2013|date=27 March 2013}}</ref>

Applications:
* 2014–2023 [[Jeep Cherokee (KL)|Jeep Cherokee]] (KL)
* 2015–present [[Jeep Renegade]] (BU)
* 2016–present [[Jeep Compass]] (MP)
*2018–present [[Jeep Grand Commander]]

===Active Drive II===
Active Drive II includes all of the features of [[Active Drive I]] but adds a low gear range. When in "4-Low" mode the front and rear axles are locked together and power is sent to all four-wheels through a 2.92:1 gear reduction in the power transfer unit; providing a crawl ratio of 56:1 for four cylinder Jeep Cherokees and a 47.8:1 crawl ratio for six-cylinder Cherokees. All Cherokees with this system have a raised ride height of one inch.<ref name="Autoblog" />

Applications:
* 2014–2023 [[Jeep Cherokee (KL)|Jeep Cherokee]] (KL)

===Active Drive Low===
Active Drive Low includes all of the features of [[Active Drive I]] but denotes a greater possible crawl ratio. When in "4-Low" mode the front and rear axles are locked together and power is sent to all four-wheels through the power transfer unit although no low range gear reduction occurs. Active Drive low relies on shorter axle gear ratios while holding first gear in the ZF9HP transmission to achieve a crawl ratio of 20:1; similar in effect to Freedom Drive II.

Applications:
* 2015–present [[Jeep Renegade]] (BU)
* 2018–present [[Jeep Compass]] (MP)

===Active Drive Lock===
Active Drive Lock includes all the features of [[Active Drive II]] but adds "rock" mode to the Selec-terrain system and locking rear differential for better traction when used off-road. This four-wheel drive system combined with tow hooks, skid plates, and unique front and rear fascias allows the ''Jeep Cherokee Trailhawk'' models to obtain the "Trail Rated" badge from Jeep.<ref name="Autoblog" />

Applications:
* 2014–2023 [[Jeep Cherokee (KL)|Jeep Cherokee]] (KL)

==Selec-Terrain==
Selec-Terrain is a system designed to calibrate the vehicle to provide the best on-road and off-road performance; depending on which terrain mode is selected. The modes are selected by a dial located near the center console and have five settings: "Auto", "Snow", "Sport", "Sand/Mud" and "Rock". This system was first offered in the 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee. It also comes standard on all 2014 Jeep Cherokees with four-wheel drive and all Jeep Grand Cherokees with a two-speed transfer case.

Applications:
* 2011–2021 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)|Jeep Grand Cherokee]] (WK2)
* 2014–2023 [[Jeep Cherokee (KL)|Jeep Cherokee]] (KL)
* 2014–present [[Jeep Renegade]] (BU)
* 2016–present [[Jeep Compass]] (MP)
* 2018–present [[Jeep Grand Commander]]
* 2024–present [[Jeep Wagoneer S]]
* 2025–present [[Jeep Recon]]

==See also==
*[[AMC and Jeep transmissions]]
*[[Transfer case]]
*[[Jeep]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Jeep]]
[[Category:Four-wheel drive layout]]

Template:Chrysler vehicles

2024-12-11T08:39:24Z

47.201.95.6:

{{Navbox
|name = Chrysler vehicles
|title = [[Chrysler (brand)|Chrysler]] [[List of Chrysler vehicles|vehicles]]
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|group1 = Current models
|list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup
| group1 = Vans
| list1 =
* [[Chrysler Pacifica (minivan)|Pacifica]]
* [[Chrysler_Voyager#Sixth_generation_(2020–present)|Voyager]]
}}
|group2 = Discontinued {{small|''(by date of introduction)''}}
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|group1 = 1920s
|list1 =
* [[Chrysler Imperial|Imperial]]
** [[Chrysler Imperial Parade Phaeton|Parade Phaeton]]
* [[Chrysler Six|Six]]
|group2 = 1930s
|list2 =
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* [[Chrysler LeBaron|LeBaron]]
* [[Chrysler New Yorker|New Yorker]]
* [[Chrysler Royal|Royal]]
* [[Chrysler Saratoga|Saratoga]]
* [[Chrysler Windsor|Windsor]]
|group3 = 1940s
|list3 =
* [[Chrysler Newport|Newport]]
* [[Chrysler Town & Country (1941–1988)|Town and Country (wagon)]]
|group4= 1950s
|list4 =
* [[Chrysler 300 letter series|300 (letter series)]]
* [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial (brand)]]
* [[Chrysler Royal (Australia)|Royal/Plainsman/Wayfarer]]
|group5 = 1960s
|list5 =
* [[Chrysler 300 non-letter series|300 (non-letter series)]]
* [[Chrysler Turbine Car|Turbine Car]]
* [[Chrysler Valiant|Valiant]]
* [[Chrysler VIP|VIP]]
|group6 = 1970s
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* [[Simca 1307|150/Alpine]]{{sup|1}}
* [[Chrysler 180|160/180/2-Litre]]
* [[Hillman Avenger|Avenger]]{{sup|1}}
* [[Chrysler Centura|Centura]]
* [[Chrysler by Chrysler]]
* [[Chrysler Cordoba|Cordoba]]
* [[Chrysler Drifter|Drifter]]
* [[Chrysler Horizon|Horizon]]
* [[Rootes Arrow|Hunter/Vogue]]{{sup|1}}
* [[Mitsubishi Lancer|Lancer]]{{sup|1}}
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* [[Mitsubishi Galant Lambda|Scorpion]]{{sup|1}}
* [[Chrysler Sigma|Sigma]]
* [[Chrysler Sunbeam|Sunbeam]]
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* [[Dodge Dynasty|Dynasty]]{{sup|2}}
* [[Chrysler E-Class|E-Class]]
* [[Chrysler Executive|Executive]]
* [[Chrysler Fifth Avenue|Fifth Avenue]]
* [[Chrysler Voyager|Grand Voyager]]
* [[Dodge Daytona|Laser]]{{sup|2}}
* [[Dodge Shadow|Shadow]]{{sup|2}}
* [[Chrysler TC by Maserati|TC by Maserati]]
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|list8=
* [[Chrysler 300M|300M]]
* [[Chrysler Cirrus|Cirrus]]
* [[Chrysler Concorde|Concorde]]
* [[Chrysler Imperial|Imperial]]
* [[Dodge Intrepid|Intrepid]]{{sup|2}}
* [[Chrysler LHS|LHS]]
* [[Chrysler Neon|Neon]]
* [[Chrysler Sebring|Sebring]]
* [[Dodge Spirit|Spirit]]{{sup|2}}
* [[Dodge Stratus|Stratus]]{{sup|2}}
* [[Chrysler TEVan|TEVan]]
* [[Chrysler Town & Country (minivan)|Town & Country (minivan)]]
* [[Chrysler Viper GTS-R|Viper GTS-R]]
* [[Eagle Vision|Vision]]{{sup|1}}
|group9 = 2000s
|list9 =
* [[Dodge Durango|Aspen]]{{sup|2}}
* [[Chrysler Crossfire|Crossfire]]
* [[Lancia Delta|Delta]]{{sup|1}}
* [[Chrysler 300|300]]
* [[Chrysler Pacifica (crossover)|Pacifica]]
* [[Plymouth Prowler|Prowler]]
* [[Chrysler PT Cruiser|PT Cruiser]]
|group10 = 2010s
|list10 =
* [[Chrysler 200|200]]
}}
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* [[Chrysler Airflite|Airflite]]
* [[Chrysler Airflow (EV)|Airflow EV]]
* [[Chrysler Akino|Akino]]
* [[Chrysler Atlantic|Atlantic]]
* [[Chrysler C-200|C-200]]
* [[Chrysler California Cruiser|California Cruiser]]
* [[Chrysler CCV|CCV]]
* [[Chrysler Chronos|Chronos]]
* [[Chrysler Citadel|Citadel]]
* [[Chrysler 700C|700C]]
* [[Lancia Delta|Delta]]{{sup|1}}
* [[Chrysler ecoVoyager|ecoVoyager]]
* [[Chrysler Falcon|Falcon]]
* [[Chrysler Firepower|Firepower]]
* [[Chrysler Halcyon|Halcyon]]
* [[Chrysler Imperial#2006|Imperial Concept]]
* [[Chrysler Java|Java]]
* [[Chrysler ME Four-Twelve|ME Four-Twelve]]
* [[Chrysler Nassau|Nassau]]
* [[Chrysler Natrium|Natrium]]
* [[Chrysler Norseman|Norseman]]
* [[Chrysler Pacifica (1999 concept vehicle)|Pacifica Concept]]
* [[Chrysler Patriot|Patriot]]
* [[Chrysler Phaeton|Phaeton]]
* [[Chrysler Pronto Cruizer|Pronto Cruizer]]
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* {{Icon|Commons}} [[commons:Category:Chrysler vehicles|Commons]]
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----
* {{smaller|'''Notes:''' * {{sup|1}}Rebadged models from European manufacturers * {{sup|2}}Originally a Dodge in the U.S., sold as "Chrysler" in other countries}}
}}
<noinclude>
[[Category:Chrysler LLC templates]]
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