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Amarsinh Chaudhary

2025-10-26T03:50:56Z

45.4.252.230:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amarsinh Chaudhary
| image = Amarsinh Chaudhary Lok Sabha photo.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1941|7|31}}
| birth_place = [[Surat]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|8|15|1941|7|31|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
| constituency =
| term_start = 6 July 1985
| term_end= 9 December 1989
| order = 8th [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]]
| predecessor = [[Madhav Singh Solanki]]
| successor = [[Madhav Singh Solanki]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Gajraben and Nisha Gameti
| children = [[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary|Tushar Chaudhary]], Tejas Chaudhary & Pragnesh Chaudhary
| footnotes =
| date=
| year =
}}
'''Amarsinh Bhilabhai Chaudhary''' (31 July 1941 – 15 August 2004) was an Indian politician. He became the first ''[[adivasi]]'' to serve as the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] when he took office in 1985.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Spodek|first=Howard|title=From Gandhi to Violence: Ahmedabad's 1985 Riots in Historical Perspective|journal=Modern Asian Studies|year=1989|volume=23|issue=4|pages=771–773|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00010209|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Career ==
Chaudhary was a civil engineer and served as government employee for short time. He became a Member of Legislative Assembly from Radhanpur Constituency in 1970. He became a junior minister under [[Ghanshyam Oza]] in 1972 and later served as minister in subsequent cabinets. He was elected to Gujarat Vidhan Sabha from Vyara in 1985, and was the [[Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister of Gujarat]] from 1985 to 1989. In 1990 Vidhan Sabha elections, he lost to his namesake Amarsinh (Zinabhai) Chaudhary, an independent candidate, from [[Vyara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]. Amarsinh Zinabhai Chaudhary had been elected to Lok Sabha in 1971 from Mandvi on Congress ticket. Amarsinh (Bhilabhai) Chaudhary later served as President of the [[Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee]] between June 2001 and July 2002. In 2002, he was elected to Gujarat Vidhan Sabha from Khedbrahma constituency, and was elected leader of the Congress Legislature Party and leader of opposition in [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=th>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/16/stories/2004081605771100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040912083224/http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/16/stories/2004081605771100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2004|title=Amarsinh's death, an irreparable loss to State|author=Dasgupta, Manas|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 August 2004}}</ref> He died in the middle of this term.

==Personal life==
Amarsinh Chaudhary was married to Gajraben and the couple had 3 children. In 1991, he married his companion Nisha Gameti without divorcing his first wife, and this caused a controversy with his first wife calling Nisha 'a venomous lady'. Nisha, on her part, had divorced her husband, with whom she had two children, in 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahijrkar 15|first=Uday|title=Former Gujarat CM Amarsinh Chaudhary's second marriage creates a stir|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19911015-former-gujarat-cm-amarsinh-chaudharys-second-marriage-creates-a-stir-814940-1991-10-15|access-date=2021-09-06|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

His second wife [[Nisha Chaudhary]] was elected to Lok Sabha from Sabarkantha thrice in 1990s. She died in 2001. After her death, he refused to contest Lok Sabha election in 2004, saying that he wanted to stay in Gujarat politics. He died a few weeks after the Lok Sabha election.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Rajiv Jagubhai|title='I was against Vaghela only on principle' {{!}} Ahmedabad News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/i-was-against-vaghela-only-on-principle/articleshow/585539.cms|access-date=2021-09-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

Politician [[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary]] is his son.

==Death==
Chaudhary was admitted to a hospital in Ahmedabad on 24 July 2004 for severe liver and kidney complications. He died of cardiac arrest on 15 August 2004 after a prolonged illness.<ref name=th/>

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20031116011414/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/06/10/stories/14102061.htm "''Amarsinh Chaudhary is PCC chief''"] – article in [[The Hindu]] dated 9 June 2001
*{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050421075538/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/07/14/stories/2002071406071000.htm "''Amarsinh Chaudhary resigns, Waghela may take over''"]}} – article in ''The Hindu'' dated 14 July 2002
*{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20030302113349/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/12/20/stories/2002122005191100.htm "''Amarsinh Chaudhary elected Gujarat CLP leader''"]}} article in ''The Hindu'' dated 20 December 2002
*[http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/aug/15guj.htm "''Former Gujarat CM Amarsinh Chaudhary no more''"] article on rediff.com dated 15 August 2004
*[http://www.newkerala.com/news-daily/news/features.php?action=fullnews&id=7875 "''India News> Amarsinh Chaudhary dies:''"] – article in newkerala.com dated 15 August 2004
*[http://news.newkerala.com/india-news/index.php?action=fullnews&id=7889 "''India News> Sonia condoles Amarsinh Chaudhary's death''"] – article in newkerala.com dated 15 August 2004

{{Chief Ministers of Gujarat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Amarsinh}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Surat]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Gujarat]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]

{{Gujarat-INC-politician-stub}}

Syed Mir Qasim

2025-10-17T20:43:07Z

45.4.252.230:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Syed Mir Qasim.jpg
|office = 2nd [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] ([[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|State]])
|term_start = 12 December 1971
|term_end = 25 February 1975
|predecessor = [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]
|successor = [[Sheikh Abdullah]] }}
'''Syed Mir Qasim''' (17 March 1921{{snd}}12 December 2004) was an Indian politician who served as the [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|2nd]] [[chief minister]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] from 1971 to 1975.

Qasim's political career first began during the [[British Raj]], when he became a leader of the non-sectarian, pro-democracy [[Quit Kashmir]] political movement. His advocacy against the monarchical rule of Maharaja [[Hari Singh]] resulted in his imprisonment.

After India's independence, Syed Mir Qasim was involved with the drafting of the [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]]. He went on to serve in various State and Union positions. He is credited with having established the [[Indian National Congress]] in Kashmir. He served as the [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] after the death of [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]. He resigned from the office in 1975 in order to pave the way for the return of [[Sheikh Abdullah]] after the Indian Government reached an [[Indira–Sheikh Accord|accord]] with the latter.

In his autobiography, ''My Life and Times'',<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=8170233550|title=My Life and Times|last1=Qāsim|first1=Sayyid Mīr|year=1992}}</ref> published in September 1992, Qasim provided interesting historical detail on the struggle of Kashmiris to throw off the yoke of monarchy in the princely state through the Quit Kashmir movement, as well as background on the issue of accession to India rather than choosing to join Pakistan.

Qasim died in an ambulance near India Gate in New Delhi on 12 December 2004 at the age of 83. In accordance with his wishes, he was buried in the village of his birth, [[Dooru Shahabad]] in Kashmir. His funeral was attended by thousands without incident. He was posthumously awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award by Indian President [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] in 2005.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041214/j&k.htm#5

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]
| title = [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| years = 1971–1975
| after = [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qasim, Syed Mir}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:People from Anantnag district]]
[[Category:Kashmiri politicians]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Members of the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuKashmir-INC-politician-stub}}

Arun Nehru

2025-10-17T00:59:06Z

45.4.252.230:

{{Short description|Indian politician and columnist (1944–2013)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{About|the Uttar Pradesh politician|the Tamil Nadu politician|Arun Nehru (Tamil Nadu politician)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arun Nehru
| image = Arun Nehru.jpg
| imagesize =
| office3 = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce]] and [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Tourism]]
| primeminister3 = [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| predecessor3 = [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| successor3 = [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| term_start3 = 6 December 1989
| term_end3 = 10 November 1990
| birth_name = Arun Kumar Nehru
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1944|4|24}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces (1937-50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2013|7|25|1944|4|24}}
| death_place = [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{Hlist|Politician|columnist}}
| nationality = Indian
| networth =
| yearsactive =
| othername =
| spouse = Subhadra Nehru<ref name=TOIdeath>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Arun-Nehru-former-Union-minister-dies/articleshow/21346560.cms | title=Arun Nehru, former Union minister, dies | work=The Times of India| date=25 July 2013 | accessdate=26 July 2013}}</ref>
| children = 2
| relatives = [[Uma Nehru]] (grandmother) [[Shyam Kumari Khan]] (aunt) ''See [[Nehru-Gandhi family]]''
| website =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 1980
| term_end1 = 1989
| predecessor1 = [[Raj Narain]] [[Indira Gandhi]] (vacated)
| successor1 = [[Sheila Kaul]]
| constituency = [[Bilhaur Lok Sabha constituency|Bilhaur, Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = 1989
| term_end = 1991
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (until 1989) [[Janata Dal]] (from 1989)
| predecessor = [[Jagdish Awasthi]]
| successor = [[Shyam Bihari Misra]]
}}
'''Arun Kumar Nehru''' (24 April 1944 – 25 July 2013) was an Indian politician and columnist. He was member of the [[9th Lok Sabha]] from [[Bilhaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilhaur]] as a [[Janata Dal]] leader. Earlier, he was member of the [[7th Lok Sabha|7th]] and [[8th Lok Sabha]]s from [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]] on an [[Indian National Congress]] ticket.<ref name=Bio>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2815.htm|title=Lok Sabha Member's Bioprofile|accessdate=16 February 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017214646/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2815.htm|archivedate=17 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In his political career, Nehru served in various ministerial positions, including serving as the [[Union Council of Ministers|Minister of State]] for [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Affairs]] from September 1985 to October 1986.<ref name="Bio" /> A member of the [[Nehru–Gandhi family]], Nehru was noted in the media to be the second most powerful person in the [[Government of India|Indian government]] during his tenure as Minister of State for Home Affairs, after his cousin [[Rajiv Gandhi]], who was then [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Sumit |last2=Chawla |first2=Prabhu |date=31 October 1985 |title=Arun Nehru rises to a position of power second only to PM Rajiv Gandhi himself |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19851031-arun-nehru-rises-to-a-position-of-power-second-only-to-pm-rajiv-gandhi-himself-802116-2014-01-14 |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref> Nehru was also a member of the [[V. P. Singh ministry|V. P. Singh cabinet]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyar |first=Mani Shankar |date=21 August 2023 |title=How Bad Advice Led Rajiv Gandhi To Make Mistakes in Handling the Babri Masjid Issue |url=https://thewire.in/books/bad-advice-rajiv-gandhi-mistakes-babri-masjid |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Arun Nehru was born on 24 April 1944.<ref name=bio>{{cite web|title=Arun Nehru Bio|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2815.htm|publisher=Parliament of India|accessdate=27 July 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017214646/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2815.htm|archivedate=17 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> His father was Anand Kumar Nehru, a member of the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]].<ref name=bio /> He studied at [[La Martiniere Lucknow|La Martinière Boys College]], [[Lucknow]], and [[Lucknow Christian College]].<ref name=HINDUdeath>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arun-nehru-dies-aged-69/article4953480.ece | title=From the corporate world to politics | work=The Hindu| date=26 July 2013 | accessdate=26 July 2013}}</ref>

==Career==
He worked as a businessman for 17 years before entering into politics. He was president of the paint firm [[Jenson and Nicholson]] at the time when [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] persuaded him to change career.<ref name=TOIdeath/><ref name=HINDUdeath/> However, he rose to prominence after [[Sanjay Gandhi]]'s death. The business community regarded him as a decisive person and even termed him as "one-window clearance". When his cousin [[Rajiv Gandhi]] forayed into politics in 1981, Nehru became his key advisor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Badhwar |first=Inderjit |last2=Chawla |first2=Prabhu |date=30 November 1986 |title=Mystery surrounds circumstances under which Arun Nehru was ousted from power |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19861130-mystery-surrounds-circumstances-under-which-arun-nehru-was-ousted-from-power-801485-1986-11-29 |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref> Following [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi's assassination]] in 1984, Nehru played a key role in ensuring Rajiv Gandhi's appointment as Prime Minister by persuading then-[[President of India]], [[Zail Singh]], to appoint Rajiv Gandhi as Prime Minister before he was even elected as the party leader.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chawla |first=Prabhu |date=28 July 2013 |title=In death as in life, Arun Nehru remains the envy of many a wannabe politician |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/prabhu-chawla/column/2013/Jul/28/in-death-as-in-life-arun-nehru-remains-the-envy-of-many-a-wannabe-politician-501078.html |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Nehru also contributed to development of the [[Special Protection Group]].<ref name=":0" />

As a representative of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), Nehru was a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[7th Lok Sabha]] (1980–84) and [[8th Lok Sabha]] (1984-89) from [[Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]]. He was [[Cabinet of India|Union Minister of State]] for Energy (December 1984—September 1985,) and for [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Affairs]] (September 1985—October 1986) in [[Tenth cabinet of India 1984|10th ministry of India]]. Later, he left the INC for [[Janata Dal]] and was elected to the [[9th Lok Sabha]] from [[Bilhaur Lok Sabha constituency|Bilhaur]] in 1989, where he was [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Union Minister for Commerce]] and [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Tourism]] (December–November 1990).<ref name=Bio/> Nehru was also noted in the media to be one of the most powerful members of the [[V. P. Singh ministry|V.P. Singh government]] and also helped form Singh's government.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anshuman |first=Kumar |date=26 July 2013 |title=Arun Nehru: A business honcho who rose and fell due to his astuteness |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arun-nehru-indira-gandhi-rajiv-gandhi-171677-2013-07-25 |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref>

He was also a member of various committees - Railway Convention Committee (1980–84), Consultative Committee, External Affairs and Science and Technology, 7th Lok Sabha; Member, Consultative Committee, External Affairs (1987–89).<ref name=Bio/>

==Controversies==
===Role in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots===
As originally reported by [[The Caravan]] Magazine, Arun Nehru reportedly played a pivotal role in the 1984 Sikh Genocide.<ref name="web.archive.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160322164956/https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/1984-massacre-how-senior-leaders-congress-sanctioned-organised-violence-indira-gandhi-death The 1984 Massacre, How Senior Leaders From The Congress Sanctioned The Organised Violence That Followed Indira Gandhi’s Death, The Caravan (October 29, 2015)]</ref> The riots broke out after the [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi]]. According to then petroleum secretary Avtar Singh Gill, [[Rajiv Gandhi ]]'s "errand boy", [[Lalit Suri]] informed him at the eve of the massacre that Arun Nehru gave "clearance" for the killings in Delhi. His strategy was to "catch Sikh youth, fling a tyre over their heads, douse them with kerosene and set them on fire." He further retorted, "This will calm the anger of the Hindus".<ref name="web.archive.org"/><ref>[https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/congress-culpability-and-kamal-nath/296968 Congress, Culpability And Kamal Nath, OutLook India (Jun 16, 2016)]</ref>

===Czech pistol case===
During his tenure as Minister of State in the Home Ministry from 1985–86, he was allegedly involved in the Czech pistol case, where a deal with the Czechoslovak firm Merkuria Foreign Trade Corp had resulted in a loss of around {{INRConvert|2.5|m}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/1988-pistol-deal-court-to-hear-arguments-on-charge-sheet_832994.html |agency=PTI |title=1988 pistol deal: Court to hear arguments on charge sheet |publisher=Zee News |date=4 March 2013 | accessdate=26 July 2013}}</ref> A 20-year investigation by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) led to submission of a report in 2007. This found no incriminating evidence.<ref name=Stay>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-23/india/37959855_1_trial-proceedings-clean-chit-pistols | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202124019/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-23/india/37959855_1_trial-proceedings-clean-chit-pistols | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 February 2014 | title=SC stays trial in Rajiv-era Czech pistol purchase scam | date=23 March 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=26 July 2013}}</ref> The trial court, however, rejected the CBI report and found Nehru's involvement enough to continue the proceedings.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/czech-pistol-case-court-summons-former-union-minister-arun-nehru-262080 |title=Czech pistol case: Court summons former Union Minister Arun Nehru |publisher=NDTV |date=2 September 2012 |accessdate=26 July 2013}}</ref> In March 2013, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] [[Stay of proceedings|stay]]ed those proceedings, based on the report.<ref name=Stay/>

== Personal life ==
Nehru married Subhadra Nehru in 1967, and they had two daughters, Radhika and Avantika.<ref name="Bio" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=10 August 2013 |title=The Long Goodbye to differences in Nehru family |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/glass-house/story/20130819-sonia-gandhi-arun-nehru-priyanka-gandhi-vadra-765197-2013-08-09 |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref> He has 3 grandsons. Akhil Madan, Yash Madan and Vickram Tikkoo.<ref name="bio" /> He died on 25 July 2013 in [[Gurgaon]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 2013 |title=Former union minister and Congress leader Arun Nehru passes away |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130725/news-current-affairs/article/former-union-minister-and-congress-leader-arun-nehru-passes-away |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727041144/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130725/news-current-affairs/article/former-union-minister-and-congress-leader-arun-nehru-passes-away |archive-date=27 July 2013 |accessdate=25 July 2013 |work=Deccan Chronicle |agency=PTI}}</ref>

{{Nehru-Gandhi family tree}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nehru, Arun}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Journalists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]]
[[Category:Politicians from Lucknow]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Commerce and industry ministers of India]]
[[Category:1984 anti-Sikh riots]]

List of presidents of Mozambique

2025-10-16T00:19:39Z

45.4.252.230: /* Presidents of Mozambique (1975–present) */

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox official post
|post = President
|body = the Republic of Mozambique
|insignia = Presidential Standard of Mozambique.svg{{!}}border
|insigniasize = 125px
|insigniacaption = [[Flag of Mozambique|Presidential standard]]
|nativename =
|image = Daniel Chapo 2016 (Cropped).jpg
|imagesize = 165px
|incumbent = [[Daniel Chapo]]
|incumbentsince = 15 January 2025
|style =
|type = {{ubl|[[Head of state]]|[[Head of government]]|[[Commander-in-chief]]}}
|residence = [[Palácio da Ponta Vermelha]], [[Maputo]]
|appointer =
|termlength = Five years,
| termlength_qualified = renewable once
| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Mozambique]] (2004)
|formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1975|6|25}}
|succession = [[Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)#Presidents of the Assembly|President of the Assembly of the Republic]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Azevedo |first=Elisabete |title=The Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique: From Enemies to Adversaries? |date=May 2009 |url=https://eisa.org.za/pdf/200905azevedo.pdf |type=Working paper |url-status=dead |via=eisa.org.za |mode=cs1 |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809034024/https://eisa.org.za/pdf/200905azevedo.pdf }}</ref>
|inaugural = [[Samora Machel]]
|deputy =
|salary = 46,800 USD annually<ref name="africabusinessdaily">{{Cite news |last=Odinga |first=Timothy |date=7 October 2017 |title=The Highest and Lowest Paid African Presidents |work=Business Daily |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/news/The-highest-and-lowest-paid-African-presidents/539546-4129430-cbmf8iz/index.html |access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref>
|website =
}}

This article lists the '''presidents of [[Mozambique]]''', since the establishment of the office of president in 1975.

The current president is [[Daniel Chapo]]. Chapo was inaugurated for his first term as the fifth president of Mozambique on 15 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/15/chapo-sworn-in-following-mozambiques-disputed-presidential-election |title=Chapo sworn in following Mozambique's disputed presidential election |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Al Jazeera |date=15 January 2025}}</ref>

==Term limits==
As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the [[Constitution of Mozambique]]. The first president for whom the term limits applied was [[Joaquim Chissano]] in 2005.<ref name="termlimits">{{cite web |last1=Cook |first1=Candace |last2=Siegle |first2=Joseph |title=Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa |url=https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/ |website=Africa Center for Strategic Studies}}</ref>

==Presidents of Mozambique (1975–present)==
{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| officeholder_title = President
| showtermlenght = y
| showelection = y
| party_col = 1
}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=8| [[People's Republic of Mozambique]]
{{Officeholder table
| order2 = 1
| image = Samora Moises Machel detail DF-SC-88-01383.jpg
| officeholder = [[Samora Machel]]
| officeholder_sort = Machel, Samora
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1933
| died_year = 1986
| died = y
| term_start = 25 June 1975
| term_end = [[1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash|19 October 1986]]
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1975|06|25|1986|10|19}}
| alt_party = FRELIMO
| election = [[1977 Mozambican general election|1977]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2 = –
| image = Partido FRELIMO Emblem.svg
| officeholder = [[Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO]]
| officeholder_sort = Politburo of the CC of FRELIMO
| officeholder_note =
| acting = y
| born_year =
| died_year =
| term_start = 19 October 1986
| term_end = 6 November 1986
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1986|10|19|1986|11|06}}
| alt_party = FRELIMO
| election = —
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2 = 2
| image = Joaquim Chissano.jpg
| officeholder = [[Joaquim Chissano]]
| officeholder_sort = Chissano, Joaquim
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1939
| died_year =
| term_start = 6 November 1986
| term_end = 1 December 1990
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1986|11|06|1990|12|01}}
| alt_party = FRELIMO
| election = [[1986 Mozambican general election|1986]]
}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=8| [[Mozambique|Republic of Mozambique]]
{{Officeholder table
| order2 = (2)
| image = Joaquim Chissano.jpg
| officeholder = [[Joaquim Chissano]]
| officeholder_sort = Chissano, Joaquim
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1939
| died_year =
| term_start = 1 December 1990
| term_end = 2 February 2005
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1990|12|01|2005|02|02}}
| alt_party = FRELIMO
| election = [[1994 Mozambican general election|1994]]
| election2 = [[1999 Mozambican general election|1999]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2 = 3
| image = Guebuza2006.jpg
| officeholder = [[Armando Guebuza]]
| officeholder_sort = Guebuza, Armando
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1943
| died_year =
| term_start = 2 February 2005
| term_end = 15 January 2015
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2005|02|02|2015|01|15}}
| alt_party = FRELIMO
| election = [[2004 Mozambican general election|2004]]
| election2 = [[2009 Mozambican general election|2009]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2 = 4
| image = Filipe Nyusi, President, Republic of Mozambique - 2018 (40689535485) (cropped).jpg
| officeholder = [[Filipe Nyusi]]
| officeholder_sort = Nyusi, Filipe
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1959
| died_year =
| term_start = [[Inauguration of Filipe Nyusi|15 January 2015]]
| term_end = 15 January 2025
| timeinoffice = {{age in years|2015|01|15|2025|01|15}} years
| alt_party = FRELIMO
| election = [[2014 Mozambican general election|2014]]
| election2 = [[2019 Mozambican general election|2019]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2 = 5
| image = Daniel Chapo 2016 (Cropped).jpg
| officeholder = [[Daniel Chapo]]
| officeholder_sort = Chapo, Daniel
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1977
| died_year =
| term_start = 15 January 2025
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2025|01|15}}
| alt_party = FRELIMO
| election = [[2024 Mozambican general election|2024]]
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}

==Timeline==
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:21
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:150 left:20
AlignBars = late

Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}

Colors =
id:frelimo value:rgb(0.85,0.15,0.11) legend:FRELIMO

id:gray1 value:gray(0.85)
id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1975 till:$today
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ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1975

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:35 columnwidth:170

TextData =
pos:(20,38) textcolor:black fontsize:M
text:"Political party:"

BarData =
bar:Machel
bar:Politbureau
bar:Chissano
bar:Guebuza
bar:Nyusi
bar:Chapo

PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Machel
from: 25/06/1975 till: 19/10/1986 color:frelimo text:"[[Samora Machel]]"
bar:Politbureau
from: 19/10/1986 till: 06/11/1986 color:frelimo text:"[[Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO]] (acting)"
bar:Chissano
from: 06/11/1986 till: 02/02/2005 color:frelimo text:"[[Joaquim Chissano]]"
bar:Guebuza
from: 02/02/2005 till: 15/01/2015 color:frelimo text:"[[Armando Guebuza]]"
bar:Nyusi
from: 15/01/2015 till: 15/01/2025 color:frelimo text:"[[Filipe Nyusi]]"
bar:Chapo
from: 15/01/2025 till: $today color:frelimo text:"[[Daniel Chapo]]"

}}

==Latest election==
{{main|2024 Mozambican general election}}
{{#section-h:2024 Mozambican general election|President}}

==See also==
{{Politics of Mozambique}}
* [[List of prime ministers of Mozambique]]
* [[List of colonial governors of Mozambique]]
* [[List of heads of the National Resistance Government of Mozambique]]

==Sources==
* http://rulers.org/rulm2.html#mozambique
* http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mozambique.htm
* '''''African States and Rulers''', John Stewart, McFarland''
* '''''Guinness Book of Kings, Rulers & Statesmen''', Clive Carpenter, Guinness Superlatives Ltd''
* '''''Heads of State and Government, 2nd Edition''', John V da Graca, MacMillan Press 2000''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Presidents of Mozambique}}
{{Years in Mozambique}}
{{Mozambique topics}}
{{Heads of state and government of African states}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Presidents Of Mozambique}}
[[Category:Lists of national presidents|Mozambique, List of presidents of]]
[[Category:Presidents of Mozambique| ]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Mozambique]]
[[Category:Lists of Mozambican people|Presidents]]
[[Category:Mozambique politics-related lists|Presidents]]

Jorge Batlle

2025-10-13T22:24:44Z

45.4.252.230:

{{short description|38th President of Uruguay (2000–2005)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{family name hatnote|Batlle|Ibáñez|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Jorge Batlle.jpg
| caption = Batlle in 2003
| order = 38th
| office = President of Uruguay
| vicepresident = [[Luis Antonio Hierro López]]
| term_start = 1 March 2000
| term_end = 1 March 2005
| predecessor = [[Julio María Sanguinetti]]
| successor = [[Tabaré Vázquez]]
| office1 = [[Senate of Uruguay|Senator of Uruguay]]
| term_start1 = 15 February 1995
| term_end1 = 26 April 1999
| constituency1 = [[At-large]]
| term_start2 = 15 February 1985
| term_end2 = 29 May 1989
| constituency2 = [[At-large]]
| office3 = [[Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay|Representative of Uruguay]]
| term_start3 = 15 February 1959
| term_end3 = 15 February 1967
| constituency3 = [[Montevideo Department|Montevideo]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1927|10|25}}
| birth_place = [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2016|10|24|1927|10|25}}
| death_place = Montevideo, Uruguay
| resting_place = [[Central Cemetery of Montevideo]]<ref name="observa">{{cite web |url= http://www.elobservador.com.uy/asi-despidieron-jorge-batlle-el-cementerio-central-n987276|title= Así despidieron a Jorge Batlle en el Cementerio Central|date= 25 October 2016|publisher= El Observador|access-date=6 November 2016}}</ref>
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Noemí Lamuraglia |1957|1983|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|[[Mercedes Menafra]] |1989}}
}}
| parents = [[Luis Batlle Berres]] [[Matilde Ibáñez Tálice]]
| children = Raúl Lorenzo Beatriz
| relations = [[Batlle family]]
| party = [[Colorado Party (Uruguay)|Colorado Party]]
| profession =
| alma_mater = [[University of the Republic (Uruguay)|University of the Republic]]
}}
'''Jorge Luis Batlle Ibáñez''' ({{IPA|es|ˈxoɾxe ˈlwis ˈbaʝe iˈβaɲes}}; ''Batlle'' locally {{IPA|es|ˈbaʒe||generic=yes}} or {{IPA|es|ˈbaʃe||generic=yes}}; 25 October 1927 – 24 October 2016) was an Uruguayan politician and lawyer, who served as the 38th [[president of Uruguay]] from 2000 to 2005. A member of the [[Colorado Party (Uruguay)|Colorado Party]], he previously served as [[Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay|National Representative]] from 1959 to 1967, and as [[Senate of Uruguay|Senator of the Republic]] from 1985 to 1990 and from 1990 to 1999. Batlle is, to date, the last president from the Colorado Party.

The eldest son of the 30th president [[Luis Batlle Berres]] and a member of the [[Batlle family]], he was the fourth member of the family to serve as president of the country. He graduated from the [[University of the Republic (Uruguay)|University of the Republic]] in 1959 with a law degree, and then began a career as a journalist in [[El Día (Uruguay)|''El Día'']] newspaper. He began his political career in the 1950s, being elected [[Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay|National Representative]] in the [[1958 Uruguayan general election|1958 general election]]. During the [[Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay|civil-military dictatorship]] he was banned and in the [[1984 Uruguayan general election|1984 general election]] that led to the democratic transition he was prevented from running for president, he could only run for the Senate.

His [[Presidency of Jorge Batlle|presidency]] was marked by the worsening of a [[2002 Uruguay banking crisis|banking crisis]] and a [[Foot-and-mouth disease|foot-and-mouth]] epidemic that affected the country's economy. Some of his initiatives consisted of the creation of the {{Language with name/for|es|Comisión para la Paz|Commission for Peace}}, an investigative body on human rights with the purpose of determining the situation of those detained-disappeared during the [[Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay|civil-military dictatorship]]. In foreign policy, Batlle's government strengthened Uruguay's ties with the United States and broke diplomatic relations with Cuba.

==Early life and education==
Jorge Luis Batlle Ibáñez was born on October 25, 1927 in [[Montevideo]]. He was the eldest son of [[Luis Batlle Berres]] and [[Matilde Ibáñez Tálice]]. He had two siblings, Luis (1930–2016) and Matilde (born 1932). He was a member of the [[Batlle family]] originally from [[Sitges]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]], and which includes several presidents of Uruguay, such as [[José Batlle y Ordóñez|José Batlle y Ordoñez]], who was his great-uncle.<ref name="dies88" /> On his paternal side, he was of Catalan descent, whereas on his mother's side, he was of [[Italian Uruguayans|Italian descent]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CON ITALIA TENEMOS SIEMPRE UNA OPORTUNIDAD |url=http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/noticias/archivo/2003/noviembre/2003110707.htm |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=archivo.presidencia.gub.uy}}</ref>

He attended the [[Elbio Fernández School]] and the [[German School of Montevideo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |title=Perfil de Jorge Batlle |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/perfil-de-jorge-batlle-201141118590 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=El Observador}}</ref> He obtained a law degree from the [[University of the Republic (Uruguay)|University of the Republic]] in 1959.

== Early political career (1958–1965) ==
By 1958, when he was first elected Congressman for the Colorado Party, Batlle had been active in journalism both in Radio "Ariel" and the newspaper "Acción". He was also by that time a member of the governing body of his Party. He unsuccessfully ran for president in 1966, and was part of a financial scandal in 1968, which was never proven.

== National leadership (1965–1971) ==
In 1965 Batlle was elected the sole leader of List 15 of the [[Colorado Party (Uruguay)|Colorado Party]], a position that had become vacant after the death of his father the previous year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arregui |first=Miguel |title=Herrera y Batlle en la prehistoria de las internas |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/herrera-y-batlle-en-la-prehistoria-de-las-internas-2019617161032 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=El Observador}}</ref> He proposed a return to a presidential system, eliminating the [[National Council of Government (Uruguay)|National Council of Government]], and was one of the drafters and promoters of the constitutional reform that gave rise to the [[Constitution of Uruguay of 1967|1967 Constitution]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-01-20 |title=Jorge Batlle, Presidente de la República Oriental del Uruguay |url=http://www.cip.cu/webcip/eventos/cumbre-ibero/mandatarios/c-0142.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120000324/http://www.cip.cu/webcip/eventos/cumbre-ibero/mandatarios/c-0142.html |archive-date=20 January 2008 }}</ref> He ran for president again in 1971, without success.<ref name="dies88" />

== Civic-military dictatorship (1973–1985) ==
During the period of civilian-military administration in Uruguay (1973–1985), Batlle did not occupy any legislative or official position, having been banned from political activity by decree.<ref name="aged88">{{cite web |date=25 October 2016 |title=Uruguay ex-President Jorge Batlle dies aged 88 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37761004 |access-date=25 October 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> He was detained on several occasions.<ref name="dies88" /> He did preside over the Legislative General Assembly in February 1985, when the first democratically elected Congress was seated after the military interregnum. He has a very active legislative record. Dr. Batlle was also a leading promoter and drafter of two Constitutional Amendments, one in 1966 and the other more recently in 1996. He was defeated again in the 1989 and 1994 presidential elections, and won the 1999 elections, taking office in 2000.<ref name="dies88" />

== Presidency (2000–2005) ==
{{Main article|Presidency of Jorge Batlle}}
[[File:Batlle1.jpg|thumb|left|Jorge Batlle with American president [[George H. W. Bush]].]]
Batlle took office at a particularly difficult moment for Uruguay, as an economic depression led the country [[2002 Uruguay banking crisis]] and close to [[sovereign default]], and a third of the population below the poverty line.<ref name="dies88"/> Batlle's determination to reduce public spending, aimed at preserving the macroeconomic balance, made it possible for Uruguay to be highly regarded as a country with a sound management of its economic affairs. US president [[George W. Bush]] helped him to prevent default with $1.5 billion in credit.<ref name="dies88"/>

His administration had to deal with a [[foot-and-mouth disease]] outbreak, which threatened access of Uruguayan [[beef]] to international markets.<ref name="dies88"/> Before the end of his term, Uruguay had re-gained disease-free status.

Batlle firmly backed [[MERCOSUR]], which he saw as instrumental for an open regional integration into the world economy. He favoured strengthening MERCOSUR by forming associations such as the one envisaged in the so-called "4+1" agreement with the United States. He maintained close diplomatic ties with the US at a time when the [[Pink tide]] in Latin America was marked by several regional governments that distanced themselves from the US.<ref name="dies88"/> He had a diplomatic conflict with Cuba, as he criticised the human rights record of the Castro's regime.<ref name="aged88" />

In 2002, he deals with the law on the legalization of prostitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prostitution.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000772|title=prostitution.procon.org|date=23 April 2018}}</ref>

He proposed the legalization of cocaine, as a way to reduce the political clout of drug cartels.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uruguay-batlle-obituary-idUSKCN12P07E|title= Uruguay's ex-president Batlle dies at 88|author= Malena Castaldi|date= 24 October 2016|publisher= Reuters|access-date=25 October 2016}}</ref>

He was also in favour of the creation of the Free Trade Association of the Americas (FTAA). As president, Batlle was firmly set against protectionism and subsidies of any kind; he has been a consistent spokesman for unhampered free trade.

Human rights deserve a separate chapter in Batlle's presidency. He helped create the Comisión para la Paz. Later on, he announced the finding of [[Macarena Gelman|Macarena]], the granddaughter of Argentine poet [[Juan Gelman]] born to her disappeared mother.<ref name=Maiztegui2016Nietos>{{harvnb|Maiztegui|2016|loc=§ Un inicio afortunado|ref=Maiztegui2016}}</ref>

== Post-presidency (2005–2016) ==

=== Final years ===
Jorge Batlle stayed active in politics after the end of his presidency. He criticised the Uruguayan presidents that succeeded him ([[Tabaré Vázquez]] and [[José Mujica]]) through newspapers columns and social media.<ref name="dies88"/>

=== Death and funeral ===
Jorge Batlle fell and struck his head after he fainted during an event at the Colorado party.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/jorge-batlle-uruguayan-leader-during-economic-crisis-dies-at-88/2016/10/25/7dd955fe-9ac7-11e6-9980-50913d68eacb_story.html/ |title=Jorge Batlle, Uruguayan leader during economic crisis, dies at 88 - the Washington Post |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=10 August 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101151224/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/jorge-batlle-uruguayan-leader-during-economic-crisis-dies-at-88/2016/10/25/7dd955fe-9ac7-11e6-9980-50913d68eacb_story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was hospitalized at the Sanatorio Americano hospital, and underwent surgery to stop an intracranial hemorrhage. The operation failed, and he died on 24 October 2016, one day shy of his 89th birthday.<ref name="dies88">{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/jorge-batlle-uruguayan-leader-during-economic-crisis-dies-at-88/2016/10/25/7dd955fe-9ac7-11e6-9980-50913d68eacb_story.html|title= Jorge Batlle, Uruguayan leader during economic crisis, dies at 88|author= Leonardo Haberkorn|author-link= Leonardo Haberkorn|date= 25 October 2016|newspaper= The Washington Post|access-date=25 October 2016}}</ref> Uruguay declared a [[day of national mourning]] upon his death.<ref name="aged88" />

== Personal life ==
Batlle married Noemí Lamuraglia in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arregui |first=Miguel |title=Las mil vidas de un profeta inoportuno |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/las-mil-vidas-de-un-profeta-inoportuno-2016102421360 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813103641/https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/las-mil-vidas-de-un-profeta-inoportuno-2016102421360 |archive-date=13 August 2023 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=El Observador }}</ref> They had two children, Beatriz (born 1962) and Raúl Lorenzo (born 1965).<ref>{{Cite web |last=cronicas |date=2016-10-25 |title=Falleció el expresidente Jorge Batlle - Crónicas |url=https://www.cronicas.com.uy/obituario/fallecio-ex-presidente-jorge-batlle/,%20https://www.cronicas.com.uy/obituario/fallecio-ex-presidente-jorge-batlle/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.cronicas.com.uy |language=es}}</ref>

==Documentary==
* ''[[Jorge Batlle: entre el cielo y el infierno]]''. A 2024 documentary directed by [[Federico Lemos]].<ref name="pobrep">{{cite web |url=https://ladiaria.com.uy/cultura/articulo/2024/5/pobre-presidente-el-documental-jorge-batlle-entre-el-cielo-y-el-infierno/ |title=Pobre presidente: el documental Jorge Batlle, entre el cielo y el infierno |date=22 May 2024 |accessdate=30 July 2024 |website=[[la diaria]] |last=Lagos |first=José Gabriel |language=es }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Politics of Uruguay]]
* [[List of political families#Uruguay]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last=Maiztegui Casas|first=Lincoln R.|date=2016|title=Orientales: una historia política del Uruguay|language=es|volume=12|location=Montevideo|publisher=Editorial Planeta|isbn=978-9974-737-51-8|ref=Maiztegui2016}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Jorge Batlle}}
*{{cite web|url=http://media.elobservador.com.uy/adjuntos/181/documentos/013/031/0013031948.pdf|title=The thousand lives of an inopportune prophet. Jorge Batlle, 1927-2016|publisher=[[El Observador (Uruguay)|El Observador]]|date=26 October 2016|language=es|access-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026160842/http://media.elobservador.com.uy/adjuntos/181/documentos/013/031/0013031948.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2016|url-status=dead}}
*[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/uruguay/jorge_luis_batlle_ibanez Biography and tenure by CIDOB] (in Spanish)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060223060355/http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/pages/curric_eng.htm Curriculum Dr. Jorge Batlle Ibáñez]

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box|title=[[President of Uruguay]]|before=[[Julio María Sanguinetti]]|after=[[Tabaré Vázquez]]|years=2000–2005}}
{{S-end}}
{{Presidents of Uruguay|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Batlle Ibanez, Jorge}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Montevideo]]
[[Category:Jorge Batlle| ]]
[[Category:Batlle family]]
[[Category:Uruguayan people of Catalan descent]]
[[Category:Uruguayan people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Colorado Party (Uruguay) politicians]]
[[Category:Presidents of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay (1959–1963)]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay (1963–1967)]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Uruguay (1985–1990)]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Uruguay (1995–2000)]]
[[Category:20th-century Uruguayan lawyers]]
[[Category:Children of presidents of Uruguay]]
[[Category:People educated at Elbio Fernández School]]
[[Category:People educated at the German School of Montevideo]]
[[Category:University of the Republic (Uruguay) alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of Military Merit (Uruguay)]]
[[Category:Deaths from head injury]]
[[Category:Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo]]

Oqil Oqilov

2025-10-09T13:43:42Z

45.4.252.230:

{{short description|Prime Minister of Tajikistan from 1999 to 2013}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
| name = Oqil Oqilov
| image = Oqil Oqilov (Cropped).jpg
| office = 7th [[Prime Minister of Tajikistan]]
| president = [[Emomali Rahmon]]
| term_start = 20 December 1999
| term_end = 23 November 2013
| predecessor = [[Yahyo Azimov]]
| successor = [[Kokhir Rasulzoda]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|2|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Khujand]], [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]], [[Soviet Union]] {{small|(now [[Tajikistan]])}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan|People's Democratic Party]]
| caption = Oqilov in 2011
| native_name_lang = tg
| native_name = {{nobold|Оқил Оқилов}}
}}
'''Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov{{efn|{{langx|tg|Оқил Ғайбуллоевич Оқилов, Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov}}}}''' (born 2 February 1944), alternatively transliterated as '''Akil Akilov''', is a Tajikistani politician who served as the 7th [[Prime Minister of Tajikistan|prime minister of Tajikistan]] from 20 December 1999 to 23 November 2013. He is a member of the [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan]].<ref>[http://www.worldwhoswho.com/views/entry.html?id=aki-ed3-070301-1021 AKILOV, Akil Gaibullayevich] International Who's Who, accessed September 3, 2006.</ref>

== Biography ==
Oqilov was born in [[Khujand]] in 1944. He began working in the [[Sughd]] veloyat in 1960. He attended the Moscow Institute for Engineering and Construction, graduating in 1967. He left the Sughd veloyat in 1976 to work for the [[Communist Party of Tajikistan]], with which he remained involved until 1993. He was appointed Minister of Construction in 1993. The following year, he was made vice premier of Tajikistan. He served in that position until 1996, when he returned to the Sughd veloyat as first deputy chair in June. He was appointed [[Prime Minister of Tajikistan]] in December 1999.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdullaev |first=Kamoludin |title=Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan |last2=Akbarzaheh |first2=Shahram |date=2010-04-27 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7379-7 |pages=262 |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Yahyo Azimov]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Tajikistan]]|years=1999–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kokhir Rasulzoda]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Prime Ministers of Tajikistan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oqilov, Oqil}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan politicians]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Tajik politicians]]
[[Category:Tajikistani Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Khujand]]

{{Tajikistan-politician-stub}}