Baron Wakehurst

2025-07-11T14:59:52Z

4.35.232.66: /* Barons Wakehurst (1934) */

{{Short description|Barony in the Peerage of the United Kingdom}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
[[Image:Wakehurst.jpg|thumb|200px|[[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst]].]]

'''Baron Wakehurst''', of [[Ardingly]] in the [[County of Sussex]], is a title in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34066 |date=3 July 1934 |page=4222}}</ref> It was created on 29 June 1934 for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician [[Gerald Loder, 1st Baron Wakehurst|Gerald Loder]], fifth son of [[Sir Robert Loder, 1st Baronet]] (see [[Loder Baronets]] for earlier history of the family). He had previously represented [[Brighton (UK Parliament constituency)|Brighton]] in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and was the creator of [[Wakehurst Place Gardens]] in [[Ardingly]], [[West Sussex]]. His only son, [[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst|the second Baron]], was also a Conservative politician and served as [[Governor of New South Wales]] and later as [[Governor of Northern Ireland]]. The third baron, who was known by his middle name Christopher, was a barrister and businessman. {{As of|2024}} the title is held by the latter's nephew Jan, the fifth Baron, who succeeded his cousin in that year.

==Barons Wakehurst (1934)==
* [[Gerald Loder, 1st Baron Wakehurst|Gerald Walter Erskine Loder, 1st Baron Wakehurst]] (1861–1936)
* [[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst|John de Vere Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst]] (1895–1970)
* [[John Loder, 3rd Baron Wakehurst|John Christopher Loder, 3rd Baron Wakehurst]] (1925–2022)
* Timothy Walter Loder, 4th Baron Wakehurst (1958–2024)<ref>{{cite news |title=Timothy Loder |url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/births-marriages-and-deaths-september-7-2024-c5cnxnfrj |access-date=7 September 2024 |publisher=[[The Times]] |date=7 September 2024}}</ref>
* John James Loder, 5th Baron Wakehurst (born 1977)

The heir presumptive is the current holder's brother, the Hon. Nicholas Loder (born 1986).

{{Emblem table
| name = Wakehurst
| image =[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]][[File:Wakehurst Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
| imagesize =
| notes =
| year_adopted = 1934
| coronet = [[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|Left|50px]] [[Baron]]
| crest = A Stag's Head Caboshed transfixed by an Arrow bendwise point downwards all proper between two Escallops Or
| torse =
| helm =
| escutcheon = Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: Azure on a Fess between in chief a Portcullis chained and in base a Martlet Or three Stags' Heads caboshed proper (Loder); 2nd grandquarter: the Royal Arms of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]], viz. quarterly 1st and 4th. France and England quarterly; 2nd, Scotland; 3rd, Ireland, and overall a [[Baton Sinister]] Gules charged with three Roses Argent barbed and seeded proper (Beauclerk); 3rd grandquarter: per quarter Gules and Or in the first quarter a Mullet Argent (de Vere)
| supporters =
Dexter: a Russian Brown Bear proper; Sinister: a Greyhound Argent gorged with a Collar checky of the last and Azure
| compartment =
| motto = Murus Aeneus Conscientia Sana (A sound conscience is a wall of brass) <ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/wakehurst1934.htm | title=Wakehurst, Baron (UK, 1934) }}</ref>
| orders =
| other_elements =
| bannerimage =
| banner =
| badgeimage =
| badge =
| symbolism =
| previous_versions =
| other_versions =
}}

==See also==
* [[Loder Baronets|Loder Baronets, of Whittlebury and of High Beeches]]
* [[Wakehurst Place]], formerly owned by the first Lord Wakehurst

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, {{Page needed |date=February 2013}}
* {{Rayment|date=February 2012}}
{{Extant Barons of the United Kingdom}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wakehurst}}
[[Category:Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1934 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1934]]
[[Category:Peerages created for UK MPs]]

Andrea Malatesta

2024-12-22T17:30:01Z

4.35.232.66: /* Marriage */

{{Short description|Italian condottiero}}
{{ref improve|date=January 2016}}
'''Andrea Malatesta''' (30 November 1373 – 20 September 1416<ref>[http://www.liceotorelli.it/personali/lancioni/ca13.htm Montefeltro e Malatesta] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507093121/http://www.liceotorelli.it/personali/lancioni/ca13.htm |date=May 7, 2006 }}</ref>) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[condottiero]], a member of the [[House of Malatesta|Malatesta]] family of [[Romagna]]. He is also known as '''Malatesta da Cesena''', a city he had inherited in 1385 from his father, [[Galeotto I Malatesta|Galeotto]], together with [[Cervia]] and [[Bertinoro]]. In 1388 he was also recognized lord of [[Fossombrone]].

In 1397 he fought for the [[Bologna|Bolognesi]], who sent him with 200 knights to support the [[History of Florence|Florentines]] against [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]], [[Duke of Milan]]. He pushed back [[Alberico da Barbiano]]'s troops, and then moved to the defence of [[Mantua]]; he was however defeated by [[Jacopo dal Verme]], who captured the city. The following year he sided with [[Braccio da Montone]], who was leading a party of exiles from [[Perugia]], in the attempt to retake Mantua, which was now under [[Biordo dei Michelotti]]; Biordo hired him for some operations in the [[Nocera Umbra|Val Nocera]].

In 1398 Malatesta was made Senator of Rome by [[Pope Boniface IX]], a position he held for some one year driving some attacks on the [[Colonna family]]'s lands. In 1399, as the [[Ghibelline]] party in the city had organized a plot against him, he confiscated their lands, including [[Verucchio]]. In 1402, together with his brother [[Pandolfo III Malatesta|Pandolfo]], he went into the service of Galeazzo Maria Visconti, fighting in the expedition against Bologna and in the victorious [[battle of Casalecchio]]. After the duke's death, he was hired again by the pope, and in 1403 he was able to expel the Visconti from Bologna, capturing a large booty in the following campaigns in the neighborhood. In 1404 he fought against [[Alberico da Barbiano]], and in 1406 he seized [[Forlì]].

In 1408 Malatesta was hired by [[Giovanni Maria Visconti]] of Milan, with the task of countering [[Facino Cane]] in the territory of [[Pavia]]. Back in Cesena, he allied with [[Niccolò III d'Este]] of [[Ferrara]] against the lord of Parma, [[Ottobono Terzi]], taking part in the latter's defeat at [[Modena]] by [[Muzio Attendolo]]. Returned to Cesena, in 1413 he warred against [[Antipope John XXIII]], who was backed by the aggressive new King of Naples, [[Ladislaus of Naples|Ladislaus]]. After a failed attempt to conquer Bologna, he sided with Ladislaus in his capture of Rome. He shortly took part in the siege of [[Spoleto]], which he quit to help Sforza against [[Paolo Orsini (1369-1416)]].

After other minor operations, Malatesta was hired by Perugia, which named him ''capitano generale'', against Braccio da Montone. However, he fell ill and was replaced by his brother [[Carlo Malatesta]]; he died in September 1416.

== Marriage ==
Malatesta married in 1391 <ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Brandi |first=Elisa Tosi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mGUQEAAAQBAJ&dq=andrea+malatesta+rengarda+alidosi&pg=PT147 |title=Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta: Oggetti, relazioni e consumi alla corte di un signore del tardo medioevo |date=2020-12-22 |publisher=Mimesis |isbn=978-88-7801-800-6 |language=en}}</ref>his first marriage Ricciarda or Rengarda Aldosi,<ref name=":1" />daughter of [[Bertrando Alidosi|Bertrando Alidoso]] with whom he had;

* Galeotto Malatesta, married to Nicolina Fortebraccio, da Camerino
* Antonia Malaesta (b. 1393-d.1416), married to [[Gian Maria Visconti|Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan.]]
* Elisabetta Malatesta, married to [[Obizzo da Polenta]] of Ravenna

Secondly, Malatesta was married to Lucrezia Ordelaffi daughter of [[Francesco III Ordelaffi]]

Lucrezia died young and was said to have been poisoned by her father for conspiring against her illegitimate brother Antonio becoming her fathers successor, or by her husband for committing adultery. She died just days after giving birth to their daughter [[Parisina Malatesta|Laura Malatesta]] (called Parisina)

Thirdly Malatesta married Pollisena Sanseverino<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Moressa |first=Pierluigi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORvYEAAAQBAJ&dq=malatesta+polissena+sanseverino&pg=PT43 |title=I Malatesta: Filosofia, sentimento e guerra nella storia di una dinastia |date=2023-09-19 |publisher=Diarkos |isbn=978-88-3616-329-8 |language=it}}</ref> with no issue.<ref name=":0" />

==Sources==
;Notes
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
*{{cite book|last=Massera |first=Aldo Francesco|title=Note Malatestiane|publisher=Galileiana|location=Florence|year=1911}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814032228/http://www.condottieridiventura.it/condottieri/m/0920%20%20%20%20%20%20ANDREA%20MALATESTA.htm Page at condottieridiventura.it] {{in lang|it}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box| before= Joint rule of the Malatesta family| title=Lord of [[Cesena]]| after= [[Carlo I Malatesta]]| years=1389–1416}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malatesta, Andrea}}
[[Category:1373 births]]
[[Category:1416 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Malatesta|Andrea]]
[[Category:15th-century condottieri]]
[[Category:Lords in Italy]]
[[Category:14th-century condottieri]]
[[Category:People from Emilia-Romagna]]

wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Baron Wakehurst

Andrea Malatesta