Llandudno

2025-04-29T01:19:45Z

31.205.70.38: /* Notable people */Fixed typo

{{Short description|Seaside town and community in Wales}}
{{About|the town in Wales|the South African town near Cape Town|Llandudno, Western Cape}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country = Wales
| welsh_name =
| constituency_welsh_assembly = [[Aberconwy (Senedd Cymru constituency)|Aberconwy]]
| official_name = Llandudno
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q996492|display=inline,title}}
| unitary_wales = [[Conwy (county borough)|Conwy]]
| community_wales = Llandudno
| lieutenancy_wales = [[Clwyd]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Bangor Aberconwy (UK Parliament constituency)|Bangor Aberconwy]]
| post_town = LLANDUDNO
| postcode_district = LL30
| postcode_area = LL
| dial_code = 01492
| os_grid_reference = SH783824
| population = 19,700
| population_ref = (2021 census)
| static_image_name = {{multiple image
|border = infobox
|perrow = 1/2/2/2/2
|total_width = 250
|image1 = Llandudno1-P7230365T.jpg
|image2 = Pier of Llandudno (18311184284).jpg
|image3 = At Llandudno 2020 004.jpg
|footer = From the top, View over Llandudno from the [[Great Orme]], [[Llandudno Pier]], Mad Hatter Statue on the Promenade}}
| static_image_caption =
| module= [[File:Wales Conwy Community Llandudno map.svg|240px]]<br />Map of the community
}}

'''Llandudno''' ({{IPAc-en|l|æ|n|ˈ|d|ɪ|d|n|oʊ}}{{Citation needed|reason=There are a great deal of English pronunciations, all of which approximate the Welsh pronunciation to varying degrees of accuracy. Why is this one chosen as the representative English pronunciation? Surely consensus is needed, and preferably a reliable source|date=May 2024}}, {{IPA|cy|ɬanˈdɨdnɔ|lang|LL-Q9309_(cym)-Jason.nlw-Llandudno.wav}}) is a [[seaside resort]], town and [[community (Wales)|community]] in [[Conwy County Borough]], Wales, located on the [[Creuddyn peninsula]], which protrudes into the [[Irish Sea]]. In the [[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 UK census]], the community – which includes [[Gogarth]], [[Penrhyn Bay]], Craigside, [[Glanwydden]], Penrhynside, and [[Bryn Pydew]] – had a population of 19,700 (rounded to the nearest 100).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Build a custom area profile - Census 2021, ONS |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/customprofiles/draw/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=www.ons.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> The town's name means "Church of [[Saint Tudno]]".<ref>{{cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |author-link=Adrian Room |date=1993 |title=Dictionary of Place-Names in the British Isles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49SkJAAACAAJ |location=London |publisher=Bloomsbury |page=217 |isbn=9781856051774 |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref>

Llandudno is a major seaside resort in Wales, and as early as 1861 was being called 'the Queen of the Welsh Watering Places'<ref>''The North Wales Chronicle and Advertiser for the Principality'', 2 November 1861, p.11</ref> (a phrase later also used in connection with [[Tenby]]<ref>'''The Pembrokeshire Herald and General Advertiser'', 18 August 1876, p.4</ref> and [[Aberystwyth]];<ref>''Llangollen Advertiser, Denbighshire Merionethshire and North Wales Journal'', 25 July 1884, p.2</ref> the word 'resort' came a little later). [[Historic counties of Wales|Historically]] a part of [[Caernarfonshire]], Llandudno was formerly in the [[district of Aberconwy]] within [[Gwynedd]] until 1996.

==History==
[[File:Llandudno, from the parade.jpeg|thumb|left|Llandudno, from the parade, 1860]]
The town of Llandudno developed from [[Stone Age]] all the way through to Iron Age settlements over many hundreds of years on the slopes of the limestone headland, known to seafarers as the [[Great Orme]] and to landsmen as the Creuddyn Peninsula. The origins in recorded history are with the Manor of Gogarth conveyed by [[Edward I of England|King Edward I]] to Annan, [[Bishop of Bangor]] in 1284. The manor comprised three townships, ''Y Gogarth'' in the south-west, ''Y Cyngreawdr'' in the north (with the parish church of St Tudno) and ''Yr Wyddfid'' in the south-east.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://llandudno-parish.org.uk/wordpress/parish/history-of-the-parish |title=History of the Parish |date=2015-12-17 |work=Plwyf Llandudno Parish |access-date=2018-08-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Modern Llandudno takes its name from the ancient parish of Saint Tudno. The modern town has grown beyond the ancient parish boundaries to encompass several neighbouring area, including [[Craig-y-Don]] and Penrhyn Bay, which were in the parish of [[Llanrhos]] (or Eglwys Rhos), which also included Llanrhos village and [[Deganwy]]. The ancient parishes of Llandudno, Llanrhos and [[Llangystennin]] were in the medieval [[commote]] of [[Creuddyn, Rhos|Creuddyn]] in the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]], which was made part of the new county of Caernarfonshire under the [[Statute of Rhuddlan]] in 1284.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Breese |first1=Edward |title=Kalendars of Gwynedd |date=1873 |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvsSQ1Yro48C&pg=PA4 |access-date=29 November 2024}}</ref>

===Great Orme===
{{Main|Great Orme}}
[[File:Llandudno-P6180235.JPG|thumb|left|Llandudno South Parade (on the north shore) viewed from the Great Orme, with the twin mounds of Deganwy Castle in the distance]]
Mostly owned by Mostyn Estates, the Great Orme is home to several large herds of wild Kashmiri goats originally descended from a pair presented by [[Mohammad Shah Qajar|the Shah of Persia]] to [[Queen Victoria]] and subsequently given to Lord Mostyn. These goats are also known to frequently roam the main streets of Llandudno. The summit of the Great Orme stands at 679 feet (207 m). The Summit Hotel, now a tourist attraction, was once the home of world middleweight champion boxer [[Randolph Turpin]].

The limestone headland is a haven for flora and fauna, with some rare species such as peregrine falcons and a species of wild cotoneaster (''[[Cotoneaster cambricus|cambricus]]'') which can only be found on the Great Orme. The sheer limestone cliffs provide ideal nesting conditions for a wide variety of sea birds, including cormorants, shags, guillemots, razorbills, puffins, kittiwakes, fulmars and numerous gulls.

There are several attractions including the [[Great Orme Tramway]] and the [[Llandudno Cable Car]] that takes tourists to the summit. The Great Orme also has the longest toboggan run in Britain at 750m long.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.jnlllandudno.co.uk/slopes/tubing-tobogganing/ |title=Tubing & Tobogganing - John Nike Leisuresport |work=John Nike Leisuresport |access-date=2018-09-04 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Development===
[[File:View from the Lighthouse hotel, Llandudno.jpg|thumb|A view of the [[Great Orme]] from the Llandudno
[[Lighthouse]]]]
By 1847 the town had grown to a thousand people, served by the new church of St George, built in 1840. The great majority of the men worked in the copper mines, with others employed in fishing and subsistence agriculture.

In 1848, Owen Williams, an architect and surveyor from [[Liverpool]], presented Lord Mostyn with plans to develop the marshlands behind Llandudno Bay as a holiday resort. These were enthusiastically pursued by Lord Mostyn. The influence of the Mostyn Estate and its agents over the years was paramount in the development of Llandudno, especially after the appointment of George Felton as surveyor and architect in 1857. Between 1857 and 1877 much of central Llandudno was developed under Felton's supervision. Felton also undertook architectural design work, including the design and execution of Holy Trinity Church in Mostyn Street.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cambria.walestheosophy.org.uk/llandudno.htm |title=Theosophy, Wales, UK:- History of Llandudno (North Wales) Dion Fortune |website=www.cambria.walestheosophy.org.uk |access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Great Orme cable car, Llandudno - geograph.org.uk - 1406487.jpg|thumb|[[Llandudno Cable Car]]]]

===Railway===
The town is served by [[Llandudno railway station]], which is the northern terminus of a {{convert|3|mi|km}} long [[Llandudno branch line|branch line]] from [[Llandudno Junction railway station|Llandudno Junction]]. There are generally half-hourly services between the two stations; some trains continue to [[Blaenau Ffestiniog railway station|Blaenau Ffestiniog]] or to [[Manchester Airport railway station|Manchester Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables |work=Transport for Wales |date=May 2023 |access-date=23 May 2023 |url=https://tfw.wales/service-status/timetables |quote=}}</ref>

Llandudno Junction station is sited on the [[North Wales Coast Line|North Wales Coast railway line]], which was opened as the [[Chester and Holyhead Railway]] in 1848. It became part of the [[London and North Western Railway]] in 1859 and part of the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] in 1923. Llandudno was specifically built as a mid-[[Victorian era]] holiday destination and the branch line opened in 1858, with an intermediate station at [[Deganwy railway station|Deganwy]].

===Buses===
The town is served by [[Arriva Buses Wales]], with services to [[Rhyl]], [[Bangor, Gwynedd|Bangor]], [[Caernarfon]] and the [[Great Orme]] summit. In addition, Llew Jones provides services to [[Betws-y-coed]] and [[Llanrwst]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stops in Llandudno |work=Bus Times |date=2023 |access-date=27 August 2023 |url=https://bustimes.org/localities/llandudno |quote=}}</ref>

===Trams===
The [[Great Orme Tramway]] runs from the centre of the town to the summit of the Great Orme and is [[Great Britain]]'s only remaining cable-operated street tramway.

The former [[Llandudno and Colwyn Bay Electric Railway]] operated an electric tramway service between Llandudno and [[Rhos-on-Sea]] from 1907; this was extended to [[Colwyn Bay]] in 1908. The service closed in 1956.<ref>''The Golden Age of Tramways''. Published by Taylor and Francis.</ref> In Llandudno, the original tramway went up the middle of Gloddaeth Street, down Mostyn Street, through Penrhyn Bay and across to Colwyn Bay.

==Attractions==
===Llandudno Bay and the North Shore===
[[File:Venue Cymru Llandudno.jpg|thumb|Venue Cymru – the North Wales Theatre near the centre of the promenade]]
For most of the length of Llandudno's ''North Shore'' there is a wide curving Victorian promenade. The road, collectively known as The Parade, has a different name for each block and it is on these parades and crescents that many of Llandudno's hotels are built. The ''North Wales Theatre, Arena and Conference Centre'', built in 1994, and extended in 2006 and renamed "[[Venue Cymru]]" is located near the centre of the bay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historypoints.org/index.php?page=venue-cymru |title=Venue Cymru |publisher=History Points |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref>

===Llandudno Pier===
[[File:Llandudno Pier from above.jpg|thumb|Llandudno pier from Marine Drive]]
The [[Llandudno Pier]] is on the ''North Shore''. Built in 1877, it is a Grade II [[listed building]]. The pier was extended in 1884 in a landward direction along the side of what was the Baths Hotel (where the [[Grand Hotel (Llandudno)|Grand Hotel]] now stands).<ref>{{NHAW|num=3641|desc=The Pier, including Stone Lodge, Pier End Pavilions, Kiosks and remains of Pier Pavilion|access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref>

===Happy Valley and Haulfre Gardens===
The Happy Valley, a former quarry, was the gift of Lord Mostyn to the town in celebration of the [[Golden Jubilee]] of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] in 1887. The area was landscaped and developed as gardens, two miniature golf courses, a putting green, a popular open-air theatre and extensive lawns. The ceremonies connected with the [[Welsh National Eisteddfod]] were held there in 1896 and again in 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eisteddfod.wales/about-us/past-locations |title=Past locations |publisher=National Eisteddfod |access-date=2017-10-15}}</ref> The gardens are listed at Grade II on the [[Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales]].<ref>{{NHAW|uid=131|num=PGW(Gd)1(CON)|desc=Happy Valley|class=HPG|access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref>

Haulfre Gardens were developed as the private gardens to a house, Sunny Hill, in the north-west of the town. Later acquired by the council, they were opened as a public park in 1929, the opening ceremony being conducted by [[David Lloyd George]]. The gardens are listed Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS register.<ref>{{NHAW|uid=141|num=PGW(Gd)11(CON)|desc=Haulfre Gardens|class=HPG|access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref>

===Marine Drive===
The first route round the perimeter of the Great Orme was a footpath constructed in 1858 by Reginald Cust, a trustee of the Mostyn Estate. In 1872 the Great Ormes Head Marine Drive Co. Ltd. was formed to turn the path into a carriage road. Following bankruptcy, a second company completed the road in 1878. The contractors for the scheme were Messrs Hughes, Morris, Davies, a consortium led by Richard Hughes of Madoc Street, Llandudno.<ref>Ivor Wynne Jones. ''Llandudno Queen of Welsh Resorts'' (chapter 17 page 121)</ref> The road was bought by Llandudno Urban District Council in 1897.<ref>Ivor Wynne Jones. ''Llandudno Queen of Welsh Resorts'' (chapter 10 page 70)</ref> The {{convert|4|mi|km}} one-way drive starts at the foot of the Happy Valley. After about {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} a side road leads to St. Tudno's Church, the Great Orme Bronze Age Copper Mine and the summit of the Great Orme. Continuing on the Marine Drive the Great Orme Lighthouse (now a small hotel) is passed, and, shortly afterwards on the right, the Rest and Be Thankful Cafe and information centre. Below the Marine Drive at its western end is the site of the wartime Coast Artillery School (1940–1945), now a [[scheduled ancient monument]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Llandudno's Great Orme gun sites get Cadw protection |date=10 January 2011 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/northwestwales/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_9354000/9354819.stm |publisher=bbc.co.uk |access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref>

===West Shore===
The West Shore is a quiet beach on the estuary of the [[River Conwy]]. It was here at Pen Morfa that [[Alice Liddell]] (of ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'' fame) spent the long summer holidays of her childhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://historypoints.org/index.php?page=site-of-alice-liddell-s-holiday-home-west-shore |title=Site of Alice Liddell's holiday home, West Shore |publisher=History Points |access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref>

===Mostyn Street===
Running behind the promenade is Mostyn Street leading to Mostyn Broadway and then Mostyn Avenue. These are the main shopping streets of Llandudno and Craig-y-Don. Mostyn Street accommodates the high street shops, the major high street banks and building societies, two churches, amusement arcades and the town's public library. The last is the starting point for the Llandudno Town Trail.<ref>{{cite web |author=Noel Walley |url=http://www.greatorme.org.uk/towntrail.html |title=The Town Trail – Llandudno North Wales UK |publisher=Greatorme.org.uk |access-date=27 November 2012}}</ref>

===Victorian Extravaganza===
[[File:Extravaganza-P5011375.JPG|thumb|All the fun of the fair in Trinity Square at the Victorian Extravaganza]]
Every year in May [[bank holiday]] weekend, Llandudno has a three-day Victorian Carnival<ref name="victorian-extravaganza.com">victorian-extravaganza.com: [http://www.victorian-extravaganza.com Welcome to Llandudno Victorian Extravaganza]</ref> and Mostyn Street becomes a funfair. Madoc Street and Gloddaeth Street and the Promenade become part of the route each day of a mid-day carnival parade. The Bodafon Farm fields become the location of a Festival of Transport.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jonathan Wilkins |url=http://www.llantransfest.co.uk |title=Llandudno Transport Festival Page |publisher=Llantransfest.co.uk |date=27 December 2011 |access-date=27 November 2012}}</ref>

==Llandudno Lifeboat==
{{main|Llandudno Lifeboat Station}}
[[File:Lifeboat-P5021422X.JPG|thumb|The Llandudno Lifeboat on the promenade]]
Until 2017, Llandudno was unique within the United Kingdom in that its lifeboat station was located inland, allowing it to launch with equal facility from either the West Shore or the North Shore as needed. In 2017, a new lifeboat station was completed, and new, high-speed, offshore and inshore lifeboats, and a modern launching system, were acquired. This station is close to the paddling pool on North Shore.
Llandudno's active volunteer crews are called out more than ever with the rapidly increasing numbers of small pleasure craft sailing in coastal waters. The Llandudno Lifeboat is normally on display on the promenade every Sunday and bank holiday Monday from May until October.

==Places of worship==
The ancient [[parish church]] dedicated to [[Saint Tudno]] stands in a hollow near the northern point of the Great Orme and two miles (3 km) from the present town. It was established as an [[Oratory (worship)|oratory]] by Tudno, a 6th-century monk, but the present church dates from the 12th century and it is still used on summer Sunday mornings. It was the [[Anglican]] parish church of Llandudno until that status was transferred first to St George's (now closed) and later to Holy Trinity Church in Mostyn Street.

<gallery>
Eglwys y Drindod Sanctaidd - Holy Trinity Church, Llandudno, North Wales, Cymru 04.JPG
Eglwys y Drindod Sanctaidd - Holy Trinity Church, Llandudno, North Wales, Cymru 09.JPG
Eglwys y Drindod Sanctaidd - Holy Trinity Church, Llandudno, North Wales, Cymru 13.JPG
Eglwys y Drindod Sanctaidd - Holy Trinity Church, Llandudno, North Wales, Cymru 25.jpg
Eglwys y Drindod Sanctaidd - Holy Trinity Church, Llandudno, North Wales, Cymru 32.JPG
Eglwys y Drindod Sanctaidd - Holy Trinity Church, Llandudno, North Wales, Cymru 33.JPG
</gallery>

The principal [[Christian Churches]] of Llandudno are members of [[Cytûn]] (churches together) and include the [[Church in Wales]] (Holy Trinity and also Saint Paul's at Craig-y-Don), the [[Roman Catholic Church]] of Our Lady Star of the Sea, Saint John's [[Methodist Church]], Gloddaeth United Church ([[Presbyterian]]), Assemblies of God ([[Pentecostal]]), Llandudno [[Baptist Church]], St. David's Methodist Church at Craig-y-Don, the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] of [[Saint Mary and Saint Abasikhiron Coptic Orthodox Church|Saint Mary and Saint Abasikhiron]], and Eglwys Unedig Gymraeg Llandudno (the United Welsh Church of Llandudno). There is also a [[Christadelphian]] meeting hall in the town.

A member of the local Methodist community is [[Roger Roberts, Baron Roberts of Llandudno|Roger Roberts]], now Lord Roberts of Llandudno, [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] Spokesman for [[International Development]] in the [[House of Lords]].

Llandudno is home to a Jewish centre in Church Walks, which serves local and visiting Jews – one of few in North Wales. There is also a Buddhist centre, Kalpa Bhadra, on Mostyn Avenue in Craig-y-Don.

==Sport==
The town is host to [[Llandudno F.C.]], who currently compete in [[Cymru North]], the second tier of Welsh football; the team have competed previously in the top level [[Cymru Premier]] division. The club plays its home matches at [[Maesdu Park]] and competed in the [[Europa League]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/2604434--llandudno/ |title=Llandudno – UEFA.com |last=uefa.com |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> [[Llandudno Albion F.C.|Llandudno Albion]] currently play in the third tier of Welsh football and [[Llandudno Amateurs (2017) F.C.|Llandudno Amateurs]] play in the fourth tier.

A football club is mentioned in Llandudno as far back as 1865.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4448296/4448305/92/ |title=WINTER AMUSEMENTS. n |website=newspapers.library.wales |language=en |access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref> Gloddaeth Rovers dated back to 1878 and played for a decade; they were then replaced by [[Llandudno Swifts F.C.|Llandudno Swifts]] as the town's main club. Following the demise of Swifts in 1901, a new club called [[Llandudno Amateurs F.C.|Llandudno Amateurs]] were formed; a different team to that which exists now.

[[Llandudno RFC|Llandudno Rugby Club]] plays in the town and was established in 1952.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llandudnorugby.com/club-history |title=Llandudno RFC |website=Llandudno RFC}}</ref> It is a member of the [[Welsh Rugby Union]].

There are also local [[pool (cue game)|pool]], [[snooker]] and [[dominoes]] tournaments.

== Demographics ==
The 2011 census counted 20,701 usual residents of which 50.8% were born in Wales and 40.7% in England.

The population in 2021, according to the census, decreased to 19,700. 30% of the population are aged 65+, higher than the national average of 21.3%. The largest ethnic group is White with 95.9% of the population, higher than the national average of 93.8%, with the second largest being Asian/Asian British at 1.8%, lower than the national average of 2.9%. The largest religious group is Christianity who make up 52.6% of the population, higher than the national average of 43.6%, with the second largest being No religion who make up 38.4% of the population, lower than the national average of 46.5%.<ref name=":0" />

==Governance==
[[File:Electoral wards in the town of Llandudno, North Wales.png|thumb|250px|Electoral wards of Llandudno]]
[[File:Town Hall Llandudno (geograph 4030180).jpg|thumb|[[Llandudno Town Hall]]]]
There are two tiers of local government covering Llandudno, at [[community (Wales)|community]] (town) level and [[Principal areas of Wales|principal area]] ([[county borough]]) level: Llandudno Town Council and [[Conwy County Borough Council]]. The town council is based at [[Llandudno Town Hall]] on Lloyd Street.<ref>{{cite web |title=Llandudno Town Council |url=https://www.llandudno.gov.uk/ |access-date=29 November 2024}}</ref> Llandudno is now divided into five [[electoral wards]]: [[Craig-y-Don]], Gogarth, [[Mostyn (Llandudno electoral ward)|Mostyn]], [[Penrhyn (electoral ward)|Penrhyn]] and [[Tudno (electoral ward)|Tudno]]. The wards elect county councillors to [[Conwy County Borough Council]] and four community councillors each to Llandudno Town Council.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llandudno.gov.uk/council-councillors.html |title=Councillors |work=Llandudno Town Council |access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

===Administrative history===
Llandudno was an [[ancient parish]].<ref name=VoB>{{cite web |title=Llandudno cum Eglwys Rhos Ancient Parish / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10150413 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=29 November 2024}}</ref> In 1854 Llandudno was made an [[Improvement commissioners|Improvement Commissioners District]]. The district covered part of the parish of Llandudno and part of the neighbouring parish of [[Eglwys Rhos]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21494|page=3096|date=15 November 1853}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First meeting of the Llandudno Improvement Commissioners |url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4462838/4462846/57/ |access-date=12 November 2022 |work=North Wales Chronicle |date=26 August 1854 |location=Bangor |page=8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Llandudno Improvement Act |date=1854 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ta8wAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA5 |access-date=29 November 2024}}</ref>

Improvement commissioners districts such as Llandudno were converted into [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban districts]] under the [[Local Government Act 1894]]. The 1894 Act also directed that parishes could no longer straddle district boundaries; the parishes of Llandudno and Eglwys Rhos were therefore both reduced to just cover the parts within the urban district; the parts outside the urban district made a separate parish called [[Penrhyn Bay|Penrhyn]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Annual Report of the Local Government Board |date=1895 |page=237 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFIwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA237 |access-date=29 November 2024}}</ref> A single parish called 'Llandudno-cum-Eglwysrhos' was created in 1905 covering the same area as the urban district. The urban district's name remained 'Llandudno', with 'Llandudno-cum-Eglwysrhos' being the name of the single [[civil parish]] the district contained. The urban district and parish were enlarged in 1934 to absorb the Penhryn and part of the abolished parish of [[Llangystennin]] (the rest of which, around [[Llandudno Junction]], went to the borough of [[Conwy]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Anglesey and Caernarvonshire: Diagram showing Administrative Boundaries, 1971 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/241241197 |website=National Library of Scotland |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=29 November 2024}}</ref><ref name=VoB/>

The urban district council built [[Llandudno Town Hall]] to serve as its headquarters in 1902.<ref>{{NHAW|num=5809|desc= Town Hall|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> In 1974 the urban district was abolished, with the area becoming a community within the [[District of Aberconwy|Aberconwy]] district in the new county of [[Gwynedd]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Aberconwy |edition=15th |year=2010 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/27 27] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/27}}</ref> Further local government reform in 1996 saw the area become part of the [[principal areas of Wales|principal area]] of Conwy County Borough.<ref>{{cite legislation UK |type=act |act=Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 |year=1994 |chapter=19 |access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref>

Llandudno falls under the UK parliamentary constituency of [[Bangor Aberconwy (UK Parliament constituency)|Bangor Aberconwy]], whose is represented by the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP [[Claire Hughes]], and the Senedd constituency of Aberconwy, whose MS is the Conservative [[Janet Finch-Saunders]]. It falls under the North Wales electoral region.

==Links with Wormhout and Mametz==
[[File:Llandudno coat of arms.jpeg|thumb|upright|left|The town council's coat of arms]]
Llandudno is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the [[Nord (département)|Flemish]] town of [[Wormhout]] {{convert|10|mi|km}} from [[Dunkirk]]. It was there that many members of the Llandudno-based 69th [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial]] [[Regiment]] were ambushed and taken prisoner. Later, at nearby [[Esquelbecq]] on 28 May 1940, the prisoners were shot.<ref>Ivor Wynne Jones. ''Llandudno Queen of Welsh Resorts'' (chapter 13 pages 95–99)</ref>

The 1st (North Wales) Brigade was headquartered in Llandudno in December 1914 and included a battalion of the [[Royal Welch Fusiliers]], which had been raised and trained in Llandudno. During the 1914–18 war this Brigade, a major part of the 38th Welsh Division, took part in the [[Battle of the Somme]] and the Brigade was ordered to take [[Mametz Wood]]. Two days of fighting brought about the total destruction of [[Mametz, Somme|Mametz]] village by shelling. After the war, the people of Llandudno (including returning survivors from the 38th Welsh Division) contributed generously to the fund for the reconstruction of the village of Mametz.<ref>Ivor Wynne Jones. ''Llandudno Queen of Welsh Resorts'' (chapter 20 pages 138–140)</ref>

Llandudno is also twinned with [[Champery]], Switzerland since August 2022.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==Cultural connections==
[[File:Regina Elisabeta - Foto02.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Carmen Sylva]], the pseudonym of [[Elisabeth of Wied|Queen Elisabeth of Romania]], in Llandudno]]
Llandudno hosted the Welsh [[National Eisteddfod]] in 1864, 1896 and 1963, and in 2008 welcomed the [[Urdd]] National [[Eisteddfod]] to Gloddaeth Isaf Farm, [[Penrhyn Bay]]. The town also hosted the Liverpool Olympic Festival in 1865 and 1866.

[[Matthew Arnold]] gives a vivid and lengthy description of 1860s Llandudno – and of the ancient tales of [[Taliesin]] and [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] that are associated with the local landscape – in the first sections of the preface<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/scl/scl02.htm |title=On the Study of Celtic Literature: Preface |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=27 November 2012}}</ref> to ''On the Study of Celtic Literature'' (1867). It is also used as a location for dramatic scenes in the stage play and film ''[[Hindle Wakes (play)|Hindle Wakes]]'' by [[Stanley Houghton]], and the 1911 novel, ''[[The Card]]'', by [[Arnold Bennett]], and its subsequent [[The Card (1952 film)|film version]].

[[Elisabeth of Wied]], the Queen Consort of Romania and also known as writer Carmen Sylva, stayed in Llandudno for five weeks in 1890. On leaving, she described Wales as "a beautiful haven of peace".<ref>Ivor Wynne Jones. ''Llandudno Queen of Welsh Resorts'' (chapter 6 page 40)</ref> Translated into Welsh as "''hardd'', ''hafan'', ''hedd''", it became the town's official motto.

Other famous people with links to Llandudno include the Victorian statesman [[John Bright]] and multi-capped Welsh international footballers [[Neville Southall]], [[Neil Eardley]], [[Chris Maxwell (footballer)|Chris Maxwell]] and [[Joey Jones]]. Australia's 7th Prime Minister [[Billy Hughes]] attended school in Llandudno. [[Gordon Borrie, Baron Borrie|Gordon Borrie]] QC (Baron Borrie), Director General of the Office of Fair Trading from 1976 to 1992, was educated at the town's [[John Bright Grammar School]] when he lived there as a wartime evacuee.

The international art gallery ''[[Oriel Mostyn]]'' is in Vaughan Street next to the post office. It was built in 1901 to house the art collection of Lady Augusta Mostyn. It was requisitioned in 1914 for use as an army drill hall and later became a warehouse, before being returned to use as an art gallery in 1979. Following a major revamp the gallery was renamed simply 'Mostyn' in 2010.

Llandudno has its own mini arts festival '''LL''AWN' (Llandudno Arts Weekend) which has been running for the past three years (''LL''AWN''01'' −2013, ''LL''AWN''02 – 2014'', ''LL''AWN''03 – 2015''). ''LLAWN'' is a mini festival that rediscovers and celebrates Llandudno's past in rather a unique way; via art, architecture, artefact, sound, performance, and participation. The festival takes place over three days of the weekend in late September, originally conceived as a way to promote what those in the hospitality sector refer to as the ‘shoulder season’, which means a lull in the tourist calendar. The festival is supported by Arts Council Wales, Mostyn Estates, Conwy County Borough Council, MOSTYN and Llandudno Town Council.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llawn.org/ |title=LLAWN - Llandudno Arts Weekend |website=www.llawn.org}}</ref>

==Notable people==
:''See [[:Category:People from Llandudno]]'' 
[[File:Lady Augusta Mostyn- painting detail (geograph 4710161).jpg|thumb|140px|[[Augusta Mostyn]]]]
* [[Augusta Mostyn]] (1830–1912) philanthropist and photographer, lived in [[Gloddaeth Hall]]
* [[Martha Hughes Cannon]] (1857–1932) a Utah State Senator, physician, women's rights advocate and suffragist
* [[Dion Fortune]] (1890–1946) occultist, ceremonial magician, novelist and author.
* [[Margaret Lacey]] (1911–1988) character actress and ballet teacher.
* [[Sylvia Sleigh]] (1916–2010) naturalised American [[Realism (arts)|realist]] painter, worked in [[New York City]]
* [[Peter Brinson]] (1920–1995) writer and lecturer on dance.
* [[Jeremy Brooks]] (1926–1994) novelist, poet and dramatist, evacuated to Llandudno.
* [[Roger Roberts, Baron Roberts of Llandudno]] (born 1935) politician & Methodist minister.
* [[Ben Johnson (artist)|Ben Johnson]] (born 1946) painter of detailed [[cityscape]]s
* [[Tony Bastable]], the Patron Saint of Llandudno according to the [[Half Man Half Biscuit]] song "I Love You Because (You Look Like Jim Reeves)"<ref>{{cite web | title="I Love You Because (You Look Like Jim Reeves)" lyrics | url=https://genius.com/Half-man-half-biscuit-i-love-you-because-you-look-like-jim-reeves-lyrics}} </ref>
* [[Billy Bibby & The Wry Smiles]], rock band formed in 2015 around Llandudno.

=== Sport ===
* [[Joey Jones]] (born 1955) football full-back with 594 club caps and 72 for [[Wales national football team|Wales]]
* [[Neville Southall]] (born 1958) footballer with 710 club caps and 92 for [[Wales national football team|Wales]]
* [[Neal Eardley]] (born 1988) footballer with over 400 club caps and 16 for [[Wales national football team|Wales]]

==Freedom of the Town==
The following people and military units have received the [[Freedom of the City|Freedom of the Town]] of Llandudno.

===Individuals===
* [[Neville Southall]]: September 1993.
* Philip Evans: January 2002
* Terence Davies: 16 April 2018.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.northwalespioneer.co.uk/news/16162509.former-llandudno-mayor-terence-davies-made-freeman/ |title=Former Llandudno mayor Terence Davies made Freeman |website=North Wales Pioneer|date=16 April 2018 }}</ref>

===Military Units===
* [[RAF Valley]]: September 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.northwaleschronicle.co.uk/news/23622975.parade-mark-honorary-freedom-llandudno-granted-raf-valley/ |title=Parade to mark honorary freedom of Llandudno granted to RAF Valley |last=Warner |first=Matt |date=29 June 2023 |website=The North Wales Chronicle |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Llandudno Lifeboat Station]], [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution|RNLI]]: January 2002.
* [[203 (Welsh) Field Hospital]] [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|(Volunteers)]] [[Royal Army Medical Corps|RAMC]]: 19 September 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://andrewstuart.wordpress.com/2009/09/19/203-welsh-field-hospital-v-given-freedom-of-llandudno/ |title=203 Welsh Field Hospital (V) Given Freedom of Llandudno |date=19 September 2009}}</ref>
{{wide image|GreatOrmePanorama.jpg|750px|align-cap=center|Llandudno's North Shore with the Great Orme behind}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* Ivor Wynne Jones. ''Llandudno Queen of Welsh Resorts'' Landmark, Ashbourne Derbyshire 2002 {{ISBN|1-84306-048-5}}
* Philip C. Evans. "Llandudno Coast Artillery School" Llandudno Town Council 2011

==External links==
{{Commons category|Llandudno}}
{{Wikivoyage|Llandudno}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Llandudno | volume= 16 | page = 829 |short= 1}}
* [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/370 A Vision of Britain Through Time]
* [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wales/conwy/llandudno British Listed Buildings]
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/CAE/Llandudno/index.html Genuki]
* [https://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=344216 Geograph]
* [http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&c=llannefydd+community&d=16&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1366040828748&enc=1&areaSearchText=Llandudno&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas= Office for National Statistics]

{{Conwy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Llandudno| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Conwy County Borough]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Wales]]
[[Category:Registered historic parks and gardens in Conwy County Borough]]
[[Category:Alice Liddell]]

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Llandudno