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Susan Lucci

2025-04-28T13:44:55Z

2600:1004:B30B:597E:B4B0:70A5:C16E:6512: Consistent dash length

{{Short description|American actress (born 1946)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Susan Lucci
| image = Susan Lucci Heart Truth 2009.jpg
| caption = Lucci in 2009
| birth_name = Susan Victoria Lucci
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|12|23|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Scarsdale, New York]], U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Marymount College, Tarrytown]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| website = {{URL|susanlucci.com}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|television personality}}
| years_active = 1969–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Helmut Huber|1969|2022|reason=died}}
| children = 2, including [[Liza Huber]]
}}

'''Susan Victoria Lucci''' (born December 23, 1946)<ref name=biography.com>{{cite web|url= http://www.biography.com/people/susan-lucci-9542038 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325211903/http://www.biography.com/people/susan-lucci-9542038 |archive-date=March 25, 2019 |title= Susan Lucci: Film Actress, Television Actress (1946–)| website=[[Biography.com]]|publisher=[[A&E Networks]]|access-date=February 6, 2019}}</ref> is an American actress. She is best known for portraying [[Erica Kane]] on the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] daytime drama ''[[All My Children]]'' during that show's entire network run from 1970 to 2011. The character is considered an icon,<ref name="Pendergast">{{cite book|author = Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast|title=St. James encyclopedia of popular culture, Volume 3|isbn=978-1-55862-403-0|publisher=St. James Press. Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized December 22, 2006|year=2000|pages=584 pages|access-date=May 14, 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=al4YAAAAIAAJ&q=Erica+Kane+Icon}}</ref><ref name="Riggs">{{cite book|author=Gale Group, Thomas Riggs|title=Volume 59 of Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television Series|isbn=978-0-7876-7102-0|publisher=Cengage Learning. Original from the University of Michigan. Digitized May 20, 2008|year=2008|pages=495 pages|no-pp=yes}}</ref><ref name="boston.com">{{cite news|first=Joshua|last=Glenn|title=The Keeping-My-Baby Meme|newspaper=[[Boston Globe]]|date=January 9, 2008|access-date=May 14, 2010|url=https://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/brainiac/2008/01/keeping_my_baby.html}}</ref><ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine |title=The 50 Greatest TV Icons |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=May 14, 2010 |url=https://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20152957_20152958_20159773_6,00.html |archive-date=May 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523113522/http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20152957_20152958_20159773_6,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and she was called "Daytime's Leading Lady" by ''[[TV Guide]]'', with ''[[The New York Times]]'' and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' citing her as the highest-paid actor in daytime television.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">{{cite news| first=Nancy |last=Harrison | title=Susan Lucci, 11 Times a Nominee, 8 Times a Bride, Up for Emmy Again |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 23, 1991 |access-date=October 27, 2007 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0DE123BF930A15755C0A967958260}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com">{{cite news| first=Tom|last=O'Neil|title=Daytime divas duke it out|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=March 7, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2007 |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/tv/env-daytimeemmys-preview-7mar7,0,2187064.story?page=1&coll=env-tv}}</ref> As early as 1991, her salary had been reported as over $1 million a year.<ref name=query.nytimes.com/><ref name=latimes.com/> During her run on ''All My Children'', Lucci was nominated 21 times for the [[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series]]. She won only once, in [[26th Daytime Emmy Awards#Outstanding Lead Actress|1999]], after the 19th nomination; her status as a perpetual nominee for the award had attracted significant media attention since the late 1980s.<ref name="query.nytimes.com" />

Lucci has also acted in other TV series, as well as occasionally in film and on stage. She had multi-episode guest appearances on the series ''[[Dallas (TV series)|Dallas]]'', ''[[Hot in Cleveland]]'' and ''[[Army Wives]]''. Lucci hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' in 1990. After the cancellation of ''All My Children'', she hosted the 2012–2014 [[true crime]] series ''[[Deadly Affairs]]'' and starred (as [[Genevieve Delatour]]) in the 2013–2016 [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] series ''[[Devious Maids]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/03/09/susan-lucci-stays-at-abc-in-fall-drama-pilot|title=Susan Lucci stays at ABC in fall drama pilot|last=Rice|first=Lynette|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 9, 2012 |access-date=June 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/susan-lucci-marc-cherry-devious-maids-298184|title=Susan Lucci to Star in Marc Cherry's Soapy ABC Pilot|last=Goldberg|first=Leslie|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 9, 2012|access-date=June 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2012/03/susan-lucci-co-star-devious-maidsmarc-cherry-abc-pilot-devious-maids-242092/|title=Susan Lucci To Co-Star In Marc Cherry's ABC Pilot 'Devious Maids'|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 9, 2012|access-date=June 22, 2012}}</ref>

In 1996, ''TV Guide'' ranked her number 37 on its 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list.<ref>{{cite book|title=TV Guide Guide to TV|year=2004|publisher=Barnes and Noble|isbn=0-7607-5634-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780760756348/page/596 596]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780760756348|url-access=registration}}</ref> She was named one of [[VH1]]'s 200 Top Icons of All Time and one of [[Barbara Walters]]'s Ten Most Fascinating People.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/All-My-Life-Susan-Lucci/dp/0062061844 All My Life: A Memoir], [[Amazon.com]], About the Author. Retrieved March 11, 2012</ref>

==Early life==
Susan Lucci was born in [[Scarsdale, New York]], to parents Jeanette (1917–2021) and Victor Lucci (1919–2002).<ref name=biography.com /> Her father was of Italian ancestry, and her mother was of Swedish descent.<ref>{{cite news|last=Torchin|first=Mimi|title=Soap Opera's 25 Most Intriguing People|url= http://allmychildren.about.com/library/prm/blslucci_070202.htm|work=[[Soap Opera Weekl]]y|via=About.com|date=June 27, 2000|access-date=December 20, 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080512052452/http://allmychildren.about.com/library/prm/blslucci_070202.htm|archive-date=May 12, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/children-star-susan-lucci-chronicles-soap-career-memoir/story?id=13223267|title='All My Children' Star Susan Lucci on Life, Career|date=March 28, 2011|work=ABC News}}</ref> She lived in [[Yonkers, New York]], before moving with her family at age 2 to [[Elmont, New York]], and then at age 5 to another [[Long Island]] town, [[Garden City, New York]].<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/actress-susan-lucci-on-the-joys-of-staying-put-1438089940|title=Actress Susan Lucci on the Joys of Staying Put|author1=Lucci, Susan|author2=as told to Marc Myers| date= July 28, 2015|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|archive-date=August 1, 2015| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150801005211/https://www.wsj.com/articles/actress-susan-lucci-on-the-joys-of-staying-put-1438089940|url-status=live}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Lucci graduated from [[Garden City High School (New York)|Garden City High School]] in 1964 and from [[Marymount College, Tarrytown]] in 1968, with a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] degree in [[drama]].<ref name="TVGuide">{{cite web|title=Susan Lucci Biography|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/susan-lucci/bio/175759|website=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=December 20, 2010}}</ref>

==Career==
Susan Lucci began her television career with bit parts on the daytime soap operas ''[[Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (TV series)|Love Is a Many Splendored Thing]]'' and ''[[The Doctors (1963 TV series)|The Doctors]]''. She also appeared in an uncredited role in the 1969 film ''[[Goodbye, Columbus]]'' and had a minor role in the 1969 comedy-drama ''[[Me, Natalie]]''.

===''All My Children''===
{{main|All My Children}}
[[File:Susan Lucci.JPG|thumb|left|Susan Lucci featured in a [[Riunite]] commercial in 1977.]]
Lucci is best known for appearing as [[Erica Kane]] on the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] [[soap opera]] ''All My Children'', from January 16, 1970, to September 23, 2011. Erica is considered to be the most popular character in American soap opera history.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book | title = Current Biography | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6pMYAAAAIAAJ&q=erica+kane| publisher =H.W. Wilson Company| year = 1986 |pages = 128 (specific page) |access-date = October 14, 2012}}</ref> ''[[TV Guide]]'' calls her "unequivocally the most famous soap opera character in the history of daytime TV,"<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/> and included her in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.<ref>Bretts, Bruce; Roush, Matt; (March 25, 2013). "Baddies to the Bone: The 60 nastiest villains of all time". ''[[TV Guide]]''. pp. 14 - 15.</ref>

Lucci was nominated for the [[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series|Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series]] Emmy for her work on ''All My Children'' almost every year beginning in 1978. When Lucci did not win the award after several consecutive nominations, her image in the media began to be lampooned, as she became notoriously synonymous with never winning an Emmy. [[NBC]]'s ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' exploited this by asking her to host an episode; during her monologue, the show's cast, crew, and even stagehands nonchalantly carried (and utilized; for example, as hammers and doorjambs) Emmys of their own in her presence. In addition, she appeared in a 1989 television commercial for the sugar substitute Sweet One, intended to portray her as the opposite of her villainess character, yet throwing one of Erica Kane's characteristic tantrums, shouting, "Eleven years without an Emmy! What does a person have to do around here to get an Emmy?" Her name eventually became part of the language, used as an avatar for artists who receive numerous award nominations without a win (e.g., "Peter O'Toole was the Susan Lucci of the Oscars.").

After 18 nominations, she finally won in 1999; Lucci received a standing ovation upon receiving the award, which was presented by [[Shemar Moore]].<ref name="Latimes.com">{{cite news|first=Tom|last=O'Neil|title=''Lost'' and ''Housewives'' committed Emmy suicide|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=July 6, 2006|access-date=July 10, 2006|url=http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2006/07/desperate_house.html|archive-date=July 17, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717125032/http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2006/07/desperate_house.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news| first=Lisa| last=de Moraes |title=For the Primetime Emmys, a Series of Changes|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=July 6, 2006|access-date=October 26, 2008 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/05/AR2006070501599.html}}</ref>

When ABC cancelled ''All My Children'' on April 14, 2011, after 41 years on the air,<ref name="thedeadbolt">{{cite web| title=Susan Lucci Upset But Hopeful After All My Children| url=http://www.thedeadbolt.com/news/110747/susan_lucci_hopeful_after_all_my_children.php| access-date=April 28, 2011| archive-date=April 19, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419011429/http://www.thedeadbolt.com/news/110747/susan_lucci_hopeful_after_all_my_children.php| url-status=dead}}</ref> Lucci said in an interview: "It's been a fantastic journey. I've loved playing Erica Kane and working with Agnes Nixon and all the incredible people involved with ''All My Children''. I'm looking forward to all kinds of new and exciting opportunities."<ref name="thedeadbolt"/> Lucci publicly criticized [[ABC Daytime]] president [[Brian Frons]] over the cancellation of ''All My Children'' in the epilogue of her autobiography ''All My Life''.<ref name="Lucci criticizes Frons">{{cite web|last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |url=https://deadline.com/2011/09/susan-lucci-blasts-abc-daytime-chief-over-all-my-children-cancellation-as-she-is-yet-to-commit-to-continue-on-the-show-166716/ |title=Susan Lucci Blasts ABC Daytime Chief Over 'All My Children' Cancellation As She Has Yet To Commit To Continue On The Show |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=September 3, 2011 |access-date=May 26, 2013}}</ref>

===Primetime television, stage, hosting and film===
[[File:Susan Lucci 2010 Daytime Emmy Awards.jpg|thumb|right|Lucci at the 2010 [[Daytime Emmy Award]]s]]
Lucci has appeared in a number of television series and television movies. In 1982, she appeared in a [[cameo appearance]] in the comedy film ''[[Young Doctors in Love]]''. During the 1980s, she made guest-starring appearances in prime time series, such as ''[[The Love Boat]]'', ''[[Fantasy Island]]'' and ''[[The Fall Guy]]''. In 1984 she played her first leading role in the supernatural horror film ''[[Invitation to Hell (1984 film)|Invitation to Hell]]'' directed by [[Wes Craven]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/invitation-to-hell-am137067 | title=Invitation to Hell (1984) - Wes Craven | Synopsis, Movie Info, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie }}</ref>

In 1986, Lucci played the role of [[Princess Xenia Georgievna of Russia|Darya Romanoff]] in the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe]]– and [[Emmy Award]]–winning made-for-television movie ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]''. The same year she played the lead role as Antoinette Giancana, [[Sam Giancana|Salavatore 'Sam' Giancana]]'s daughter's in the crime made-for-television movie, ''Mafia Princess''. The following year she starred in another horror film, ''Haunted by Her Past''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/haunted_by_her_past | title=Haunted by Her Past | Rotten Tomatoes | website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref> She later starred in the crime dramas ''Lady Mobster'' (1988) and ''The Bride in Black'' (1990). In 1990–1991, she began a series of guest spots on the nighttime soap opera ''[[Dallas (TV series)|Dallas]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1990/10/05/susan-luccis-move-prime-time-television/ | title=Susan Lucci's move to prime-time television | magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] }}</ref> She hosted [[NBC]]'s ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' in October of that year; in one skit, she appeared as Erica Kane competing on a [[game show]].<ref>{{cite web| title= Game Breakers transcript featuring Erica Kane |publisher=snltranscripts.jt.org |url=http://snltranscripts.jt.org/90/90bgame.phtml |access-date=July 10, 2007}}</ref> In 1991 she starred in the thriller ''[[The Woman Who Sinned]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_woman_who_sinned | title=The Woman Who Sinned | Rotten Tomatoes | website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref> She later starred in ''Double Edge'' (1992), ''[[Between Love and Hate (1993 film)|Between Love and Hate]]'' (1993), ''[[French Silk (film)|French Silk]]'' (1994) and ''Seduced and Betrayed'' (1995).

In 1995, Lucci played [[Ebenezer Scrooge|Elizabeth 'Ebbie' Scrooge]] in the [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] Fantasy television film, ''[[Ebbie]]''. This film was an updated version of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]''. Lucci played a [[Ebenezer Scrooge|Scrooge]]-like department store owner visited by Marley and the three ghosts on [[Christmas]].Television critic Lynne Heffley from ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' gave it a positive review writing: "Soap queen Susan Lucci of “All My Children” is fun to watch as a severely tailored, unsmiling boss, spreading misery wherever she goes on Christmas Eve, whether firing a security guard or deciding the store’s traditional window display has got to go."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-04-ca-10116-story.html|title=TV REVIEW : 'Ebbie' a Nice Twist on the Dickens Classic|first=Lynne|last=Heffley|date=December 4, 1995|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> In 1998 she returned to thrillers with ''Blood on Her Hands''.

In 1999, she played the title role of [[Annie Oakley]] in the revival of [[Irving Berlin]]'s musical ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (musical)|Annie Get Your Gun]]''. [[Michael Logan (journalist)|Michael Logan]] of [[TV Guide]] said, ''"Susan Lucci didn't just take [[Great White Way]] by storm: she took it by tornado, hurricane and tsunami, too."''<ref>{{cite web| title= Susan Lucci Biography| url= http://susanlucci.com/cgi-bin/p/awtp-custom.cgi?d=susanlucci.com&page=3238| access-date= April 29, 2011| archive-date= July 31, 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170731191918/http://susanlucci.com/cgi-bin/p/awtp-custom.cgi?d=susanlucci.com&page=3238| url-status= dead}}</ref> In 2004, she guest starred in two episodes of the ABC comedy series ''[[Hope & Faith]]'' opposite [[Kelly Ripa]]. In 2005 she guest-starred on ''[[That's So Raven]]''.

Lucci competed in season 7 of ''[[Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]]'' with dance partner [[Tony Dovolani]]. She said that ''Dancing'' had asked her to appear before, but she had turned it down, in part, because of the travel it would have required of her (at the time ''Dancing'' taped in Los Angeles while ''All My Children'' taped in New York). Lucci later changed her mind, in part, because of the experience of fellow ''All My Children'' star [[Cameron Mathison]], who finished fifth in [[Dancing with the Stars (American season 5)|season 5]].<ref>[http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Things-Dancing-Stars/Dancing-Stars-2008/800044487 Dancing with the Stars Season 7 Cast Includes Olympic Gold-Medalist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205044855/http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Things-Dancing-Stars/Dancing-Stars-2008/800044487 |date=December 5, 2008 }}" ''[[TV Guide]]''. August 25, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.</ref> She was voted off the show on November 5, 2008, rather than November 4 due to election night, finishing sixth in the competition.

===2012—present===
From 2010 to 2014, Lucci made several appearances as herself, the arch rival of [[Wendie Malick]]'s character, Victoria Chase, on the [[TV Land]] sitcom ''[[Hot in Cleveland]]'' , including the February 1, 2012 episode entitled "[[List of Hot in Cleveland episodes|Life with Lucci]]".<ref>Matt Webb Mitovich, [http://www.tvline.com/2012/02/tv-worth-watching-wednesday-6/ The TVLine-Up: TV Worth Watching Wednesday], [[TVLine]], February 1, 2012</ref> She appeared in [[Gloria Estefan]]'s music video "[[Hotel Nacional]]" in February 2012.<ref>Natalie Finn, [http://uk.eonline.com/news/watch_now_gloria_estefans_hotel/292827 Watch Now: Gloria Estefan's "Hotel Nacional" Video Premiere], [[E!]], February 9, 2012</ref> She guest starred in multi-episodes of the sixth season of [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] drama series, ''[[Army Wives]]'' in 2012.<ref>[[Michael Ausiello]], [http://www.tvline.com/2011/10/army-wives-susan-lucci-season-6/ Exclusive: Lifetime's Army Wives Enlists Soap Legend Susan Lucci For Arc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122081927/http://www.tvline.com/2011/10/army-wives-susan-lucci-season-6/ |date=January 22, 2012 }}, [[TVLine]], October 20, 2011</ref><ref>Catriona Wightman, [http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/ustv/news/a346868/susan-lucci-kelli-williams-sign-up-for-army-wives-role.html Susan Lucci, Kelli Williams sign up for 'Army Wives' role], ''[[Digital Spy]]'', October 21, 2011</ref> Lucci also hosted and narrated ''[[Deadly Affairs]]'', a prime-time series airing on ''Investigation Discovery'' from 2012 to 2014.<ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/13/susan-lucci-deadly-affairs_n_1204082.html Susan Lucci: 'All My Children' Star To Host 'Deadly Affairs'] ''[[HuffPost]]'', 01/12/12</ref> On November 15, 2012, Lucci appeared on ''[[The Colbert Report]]'' in a segment reflecting the soap-opera-like nature of the [[Petraeus scandal]].

In 2013, Lucci began starring as [[Geneviève Delatour]] in the Lifetime [[comedy-drama]] series, ''[[Devious Maids]]'' created by [[Marc Cherry]].<ref>Lynette Rice, [http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/03/09/susan-lucci-stays-at-abc-in-fall-drama-pilot/ Susan Lucci stays at ABC in fall drama pilot], [[Entertainment Weekly]], 9 March 2012</ref><ref>Lesley Goldberg, [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/susan-lucci-marc-cherry-devious-maids-298184 Susan Lucci to Star in Marc Cherry's Soapy ABC Pilot][[The Hollywood Reporter]], 9 March 2012</ref><ref>Nellie Andreeva, [https://deadline.com/2012/03/susan-lucci-co-star-devious-maidsmarc-cherry-abc-pilot-devious-maids-242092/ Susan Lucci To Co-Star In Marc Cherry's ABC Pilot 'Devious Maids'] ''Deadline Hollywood'', March 9, 2012</ref> Her comedic performance was well-received by television critics.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/reviews/devious-maids-review-lifetime-1200497243/ | title=Devious Maids | date=June 20, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tvline.com/news/susan-lucci-performance-devious-maids-season-2-528684/ | title=TVLine's Performer of the Week: Susan Lucci | date=June 28, 2014 }}</ref> The series ended in 2016 after four seasons. In 2015 she appeared in the comedy-drama film, ''[[Joy (2015 film)|Joy]]'' directed by [[David O. Russell]].<ref>https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2015/12/12/Joy-features-soap-opera-icons-Susan-Lucci-Maurice-Benard/6421449956454/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>

In 2017, Lucci played one of [[Kristen Bell]] and [[Dax Shepard]]'s grandparents (with [[Henry Winkler]]) in [[Sia]]'s music video, "[[Santa's Coming for Us]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Reed|first1=Ryan|title=Watch Sia's 'Santa's Coming for Us' Video With Kristen Bell, J.B. Smoove|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/watch-sias-santas-coming-for-us-video-with-kristen-bell-jb-smoove-w512444|date=22 November 2017|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-date=December 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052433/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/watch-sias-santas-coming-for-us-video-with-kristen-bell-jb-smoove-w512444|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also in 2017 she guest-starred in an episode of Hulu comedy series, ''[[Difficult People]]''. She also appeared in television ads for [[Progressive Insurance]] that were styled as a soap opera.

In 2023, Lucci received Lifetime Achievement Award at the [[50th Daytime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://deadline.com/2023/06/daytime-emmys-2023-susan-lucci-maury-povich-lifetime-achievement-awards-1235418771/ | title=Daytime Emmys to Honor Susan Lucci & Maury Povich with Lifetime Achievement Awards | date=June 16, 2023 }}</ref> In 2024, after seven years acting hiatus, Lucci returned to screen in the black comedy film, ''[[Outcome (film)|Outcome]]'' starring opposite [[Keanu Reeves]], [[Jonah Hill]] and [[Cameron Diaz]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/jonah-hill-movie-outcome-adds-six-to-cast-1235879505/ | title=Jonah Hill's 'Outcome' Adds Six to Cast | date=April 9, 2024 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Lucci married [[Austria]]n-born chef and food-service manager Helmut Huber on September 13, 1969.<ref name=people1999>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/archive/cover-story-they-love-lucci-vol-51-no-21/|title=They Love Lucci|first=Michael A.|last=Upton|date=June 7, 1999|access-date=February 6, 2019|work=People|volume=51|issue=21|
archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822131148/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-they-love-lucci-vol-51-no-21/|archive-date=August 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> They are the parents of two children: actress [[Liza Huber]] and a son, Andreas Huber.<ref name=biography.com /> The couple were married 52 years until Helmut's death on March 28, 2022; he was 84 years old.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Clifford |first1=Kambra |title=Helmut Huber, husband of All My Children star Susan Lucci, has died |url=https://www.soapcentral.com/all-my-children/news/2022/0330-helmut-huber-husband-of-susan-lucci-has-died.php |website=Soap Central |access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref>

Lucci's autobiography, ''All My Life: A Memoir'', was published in 2011.<ref>{{cite book|title=All My Life: A Memoir|first=Susan|last=Lucci|year=2011|isbn=9780062061843|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|url=https://archive.org/details/allmylifememoir00lucc}}</ref> She is a registered [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and has hosted fundraising events for [[Rudy Giuliani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pride.com/box-office/2012/11/30/10-hot-republican-women-who-love-us-gays|title=10 Hot Republican Women Who Love Us Gays|date=2012-11-30|website=[[Here Media#Pride.com|Pride]]|language=en|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> She is a supporter of [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT rights]] and equality, her support spurred by an ''All My Children'' storyline in 2000 in which her character Erica's daughter, [[Bianca Montgomery]], came out as a lesbian.<ref name=":0" />

In late 2018, Lucci had an emergency procedure to place two [[Coronary stent|arterial stents]] in her heart after blocked arteries were discovered due to chest pain. Lucci postponed making her experience public until shortly before the American Heart Association's annual [[American Heart Association#1990s–2000s|Go Red for Women]] fashion event in February 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Aluisio |first1=Alexandra |title=Susan Lucci Is 'Doing Great' After Undergoing Emergency Heart Surgery: 'I Feel Wonderful' |url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/susan-lucci-health-update-im-doing-great-after-heart-surgery/ |access-date=11 February 2019 |work=Us Magazine |date=8 Feb 2019}}</ref>

=== Business ventures ===
Lucci also has her own line of hair care products, perfumes, lingerie, and skin care, called The Susan Lucci Collection.|<ref name=QVC-collection>{{cite web|accessdate=April 15, 2025
|url=https://www.qvc.com/susan-lucci-collection/_/N-1z12o4m/c.html
|title=Susan Lucci Collection|publisher=QVC}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1969
| ''[[Goodbye, Columbus (film)|Goodbye, Columbus]]''
| Wedding Guest
| Uncredited
|-
| 1969
| ''[[Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (TV series)|Love Is a Many Splendored Thing]]''
| Bit role
| Uncredited
|-
| 1969
| ''[[Me, Natalie]]''
| Cheerleader
|-
| 1969
| ''[[The Doctors (1963 TV series)|The Doctors]]''
| Outpatient Day Player
| Uncredited
|-
| 1970–2011
| ''[[All My Children]]''
| [[Erica Kane]] Jane Campbell
| Lead role
|-
| 1982
| ''[[The Love Boat]]''
| Paula Hastings
| Episode: "The Groupies/The Audition/Doc's Nephew"
|-
| 1982
| ''[[Young Doctors in Love]]''
| Herself
|
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Fantasy Island]]''
| Gina Edwards
| Episode: "The Songwriter/Queen of the Soaps"
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Invitation to Hell (1984 film)|Invitation to Hell]]''
| Jessica Jones
|
|-
| 1984
| ''[[The Fall Guy]]''
| Veronica Remy
| Episode: "Stranger Than Fiction"
|-
| 1986
| ''Mafia Princess''
| Antoinette Giancana
|
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]''
| [[Romanoff Family Association|Darya Romanoff]]
|
|-
| 1987
| '' Haunted by Her Past'' or ''Secret Passions''
| Karen Beckett
|
|-
| 1988
| ''Lady Mobster''
| Laurel Castle
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/susan-lucci-gets-around-mobster-meany-maid-1.3951625|title=The many roles of Susan Lucci|first=Diane|last=Werts|work=[[Newsday]]|date=September 4, 2012|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 1990
| ''[[The Bride in Black]]''
| Rose D'Amore-Malloy
|
|-
| 1990
| ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''
| Herself – Host/Various
| Episode: "Susan Lucci/[[Hothouse Flowers]]"
|-
| 1990–1991
| ''[[Dallas (TV series)|Dallas]]''
| Hillary Taylor/Faux Sheila Foley
| Special guest star, 6 episodes
|-
| 1991
| ''[[The Woman Who Sinned]]''
| Victoria Robeson
|
|-
| 1992
| ''Double Edge''
| Maggie Dutton/Carmen Moore
|
|-
| 1993
| ''[[Between Love and Hate (1993 film)|Between Love and Hate]]''
| Vivian Conrad
|
|-
| 1994
| ''[[French Silk (film)|French Silk]]''
| Claire Laurent
|
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Ebbie]]''
| Elizabeth 'Ebbie' Scrooge
|
|-
| 1995
| ''Seduced and Betrayed''
| Victoria Landers
|
|-
| 1998
| ''Blood on Her Hands''
| Isabelle Collins
|
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Between the Lions]]''
| Herself
| 2 episodes
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Hope & Faith]]''
| Jacqueline Karr
| Episodes: "Daytime Emmys: Part 1" and "Daytime Emmys: Part 2"
|-
| 2005
| ''[[That's So Raven]]''
| Miss Charlotte Romano
| Episode: "The Big Buzz"
|-
| 2010–2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/press-releases/tv-land-begins-production-on-season-three-of-the-emmy-award-winning-hot-in-cleveland/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230115452/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/press-releases/tv-land-begins-production-on-season-three-of-the-emmy-award-winning-hot-in-cleveland/|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 30, 2017|title=TV Land Begins Production On Season Three Of The Emmy Award-Winning "Hot In Cleveland"|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref>
| ''[[Hot in Cleveland]]''
| Susan Lucci
| Special guest star, 5 episodes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/susan-lucci-the-states-thomas-lennon-to-guest-on-tv-lands-hot-in-cleveland-exclusive/ |title=Susan Lucci, 'Reno 911's' Thomas Lennon to Guest on TV Land's 'Hot in Cleveland' (Exclusive) |website=TheWrap |date=October 3, 2013 |access-date=October 4, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Army Wives]]''
| Audrey Whitaker
| 3 episodes
|-
| 2012–2014
| ''[[Deadly Affairs]]''
| Herself – Host
| Documentary series
|-
| 2013–2016
| ''[[Devious Maids]]''
| [[Genevieve Delatour]]
| Series regular
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Joy (2015 film)|Joy]]''
| Danica<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2015/12/joy-review-jennifer-lawrence-david-o-russell-joy-mangano-1201657323/|title='Joy' Review: Jennifer Lawrence Proves Mop Just As Empowering As A Bow & Arrow|first=Pete|last=Hammond|date=December 7, 2015}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Difficult People]]''
| Shelley Waxman
| Episode: "Cindarestylox"
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Ralph Breaks the Internet]]''
| (voice)
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Generation Gap (game show)|Generation Gap]]''
| Herself
| Episode: "What Kid Doesn't Love Stew?"
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Hell's Kitchen (American TV series)|Hell's Kitchen]]''
| Herself
| Guest diner / American Heart Association contributor; Episode: "A Soap Opera in Hell"
|-
| {{TBA}}
| ''[[Outcome (film)|Outcome]]''
| {{TBA}}
| Post-production
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| [[Daytime Emmy Awards]]
|-
! scope="col" style="width:0.5%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:20%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width;"| Work
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Result
! scope="col" style="width:0.5%;"| Ref
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[5th Daytime Emmy Awards|1978]]}}
|rowspan=21 style="text-align:center" |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series|Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series]]
|rowspan=21 style="text-align:center" |{{center| ''[[All My Children]]''}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1978 List">{{cite web|title=1978 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/Emmys/winners1978/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108104146/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/Emmys/winners1978/|archive-date=January 8, 2011|location=New York City}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[8th Daytime Emmy Awards|1981]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1981 List">{{cite web|title=1981 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1981/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818104134/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1981/|archive-date=August 18, 2004|location=New York City}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[9th Daytime Emmy Awards|1982]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1982 Nom">{{cite news|title=ABC Tops Daytime Emmy Nominations|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tLhHAAAAIBAJ&dq=11th%20daytime%20emmy%20nominations&pg=3870%2C4260540|access-date=May 18, 2013|newspaper=Times-Union|date=May 20, 1982|agency=Associated Press|page=8|location=Warsaw, Indiana}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[10th Daytime Emmy Awards|1983]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1983 Nom">{{cite news|last=Goudas|first=John N.|title=The best on daytime TV won't be seen on daytime TV|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S-wlAAAAIBAJ&dq=daytime%20emmy&pg=3247%2C1322006|access-date=May 18, 2013|newspaper=[[The Miami News]]|date=June 4, 1983|page=47|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|location=Miami, Florida}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[11th Daytime Emmy Awards|1984]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1984 Nom">{{cite news|title=ABC leads Daytime Emmy nominees|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0YoxAAAAIBAJ&dq=daytime%20emmy&pg=1002%2C2443665|access-date=May 18, 2013|newspaper=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]|date=June 5, 1984|page=15|publisher=[[Postmedia Network]]|location=New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[12th Daytime Emmy Awards|1985]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1985 Nom">{{cite news|title=Emmy nominations are announced|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xKMwAAAAIBAJ&dq=12th%20daytime%20emmy%20nomination&pg=4427%2C3342124|access-date=May 6, 2013|newspaper=Bulletin Journal|date=May 30, 1985|page=41|location=Cape Girardeau}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[13th Daytime Emmy Awards|1986]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1986 List">{{cite web|title=1986 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1986/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818104154/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1986/|archive-date=August 18, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[14th Daytime Emmy Awards|1987]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1987 List">{{cite web|title=1987 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1987/index.html|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818230126/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1987/index.html|archive-date=August 18, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[15th Daytime Emmy Awards|1988]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1988 List">{{cite web|title=1988 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1988/index.html|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041109122012/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1988/index.html|archive-date=November 9, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[16th Daytime Emmy Awards|1989]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1989 List">{{cite web|title=1989 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1989/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818104207/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1989/ |archive-date=August 18, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[17th Daytime Emmy Awards|1990]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1990 Nom">{{cite news|last=Goudas|first=John N.|title=Emmy nominees announced|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lVkeAAAAIBAJ&dq=28th%20daytime%20emmy%20nominations&pg=2680%2C5068973|access-date=May 6, 2013|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|publisher=Tennessee Valley Printing Co.|date=May 26, 1990|page=70|location=Florence, Alabama}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[18th Daytime Emmy Awards|1991]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1991 List">{{cite web|title=1991 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1991/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818104214/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1991/|archive-date=August 18, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[19th Daytime Emmy Awards|1992]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1992 Nom">{{cite news|last=McShane|first=Larry|title=Lucci could get lucky with 13th Daytime Emmy bid|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hvErAAAAIBAJ&dq=19th%20daytime%20emmy%20nomination&pg=1139%2C623665|access-date=May 6, 2013|newspaper=[[Kentucky New Era]]|publisher=Taylor W. Hayes|date=May 8, 1992|agency=Associated Press|page=6|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[20th Daytime Emmy Awards|1993]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1993 Nom">{{cite news|title=Lucci gets another Emmy bid|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WkxPAAAAIBAJ&dq=20th%20daytime%20emmy%20nomination&pg=2440%2C388116|access-date=May 6, 2013|newspaper=[[Toledo Blade]]|publisher=[[Block Communications]]|date=April 2, 1993|agency=Associated Press|page=15|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[22nd Daytime Emmy Awards|1995]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1995 Nom">{{cite news|title=This may be the year Lucci wins an Emmy|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nOgyAAAAIBAJ&dq=22nd%20daytime%20emmy%20nomination&pg=4463%2C1631760 |newspaper=[[The Free Lance–Star]]|publisher=The Free Lance–Star Publishing Company|date=May 6, 2013|page=27|location=Fredericksburg, Virginia |access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[22nd Daytime Emmy Awards|1996]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1996 Nom">{{cite news|last=Richmond|first=Ray|title='Y&R' leads Emmy nominations|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=m4JeAAAAIBAJ&dq=23rd%20daytime%20emmy%20nomination&pg=1476%2C899834|access-date=May 6, 2013|newspaper=[[Observer–Reporter]]|publisher=Observer Publishing Company|date=April 5, 1996|page=11|location=Washington, Pennsylvania}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[23rd Daytime Emmy Awards|1997]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1997 List">{{cite web|title=1997 Emmy Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1997/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|publisher=[[American Media (publisher)|American Media, Inc.]]|access-date=May 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818104226/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/emmys/winners1997/|archive-date=August 18, 2004|location=New York City, New York}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[25th Daytime Emmy Awards|1998]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="1998 Nom">{{cite web|last=Littleton |first=Cynthia |title=ABC tops Emmy noms |url=https://variety.com/1998/tv/news/abc-tops-emmy-noms-1117468677/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media]] |date=March 11, 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002235017/http://variety.com/1998/tv/news/abc-tops-emmy-noms-1117468677/ |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |location=Los Angeles, California |url-status=dead |access-date=May 6, 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[26th Daytime Emmy Awards|1999]]}}
| {{won}}
|{{center|<ref name="1999 Win">{{cite news|title=Lucci wins!|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=J51GAAAAIBAJ&dq=26th%20daytime%20emmy&pg=1410%2C4361266|access-date=May 6, 2013|newspaper=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]]|publisher=The Day Publishing Company|date=May 22, 1999|agency=Associated Press|page=8|location=New London, Connecticut}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[28th Daytime Emmy Awards|2001]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="2001 Nom">{{cite web|title=Regis tracks two Emmys |url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/news/regis-tracks-two-emmys-1117795353/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media]] |date=March 13, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225015949/http://variety.com/2001/tv/news/regis-tracks-two-emmys-1117795353/ |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |location=Los Angeles |url-status=dead |access-date=May 6, 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[29th Daytime Emmy Awards|2002]]}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref name="2002 Nom">{{cite web|last=Offman |first=Craig |title=Daytime Emmy noms announced |url=https://variety.com/2002/tv/news/daytime-emmy-noms-announced-1117863876/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media]] |date=March 13, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225012536/http://variety.com/2002/tv/news/daytime-emmy-noms-announced-1117863876/ |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |location=Los Angeles |url-status=dead |access-date=May 6, 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"|{{center|[[50th Daytime Emmy Awards|2023]]}}
| style="text-align:center" | Lifetime Achievement Award
| style="text-align:center" | Herself
| {{won|place=Honored}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| [[Soap Opera Digest Awards]]
|-
! scope="col" style="width:0.5%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:20%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:2%;"| Work
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Result
! scope="col" style="width:0.5%;"| Ref
|-
! scope="row"| {{center|[[List of Soap Opera Digest Awards|1986]]}}
| Outstanding Contribution by an Actor/Actress to the Form of Continuing Drama who is currently on a Daytime Serial
| rowspan=7 style="text-align:center" |{{center| ''All My Children''}}
| {{Nom}}
|{{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Event: Soap Opera Digest Awards (1986)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000616/1986|publisher=[[IMDb]] |date=February 27, 2013 |access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"| {{center|[[List of Soap Opera Digest Awards|1988]]}}
| Editor's Choice – Daytime
| {{won}}
|{{center|<ref name="SOD 1988">{{cite web|title=The Soap Opera Digest Awards: 1988|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/awards/1988/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|date=April 11, 2003 |publisher=soapoperadigest.com|access-date=March 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303081601/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/awards/1988/ |archive-date=March 3, 2009}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"| {{center|[[List of Soap Opera Digest Awards|1989]]}}
| Favorite Super Couple: Daytime (shared with [[Larkin Malloy]])
| {{nom}}
|{{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Event: Soap Opera Digest Awards (1989)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000616/1989|publisher=[[IMDb]] |date=February 27, 2013 |access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"| {{center|[[List of Soap Opera Digest Awards|1992]]}}
| Best Love Story: Daytime or Prime Time (shared with [[Walt Willey]])
| {{nom}}
|{{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Event: Soap Opera Digest Awards (1992)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000616/1992|publisher=[[IMDb]] |date=February 27, 2013 |access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"| {{center|[[List of Soap Opera Digest Awards|1993]]}}
|[[Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Daytime Drama|Outstanding Lead Actress]]
| {{won}}
|{{center|<ref name="1993 Awards">{{cite news|title='Days of Our Lives' named favorite soap opera|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FrlBAAAAIBAJ&dq=9th%20soap%20opera%20digest%20awards&pg=1253%2C2520017|access-date=February 10, 2013|newspaper=Point Pleasant Register|date=February 27, 1993|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"| {{center|[[List of Soap Opera Digest Awards|2003]]}}
| Soapnet Diamond Award
| {{won}}
|{{center|<ref name="SOD 2003">{{cite web|title=The Soap Opera Digest Awards: 2003|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/awards/2003/|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|date=April 14, 2003 |publisher=soapoperadigest.com|access-date=March 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303073901/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/awards/2003/ |archive-date=March 3, 2009}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row"| {{center|[[List of Soap Opera Digest Awards|2005]]}}
|Favorite Couple (shared with Walt Willey)
| {{nom}}
|{{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Event: Soap Opera Digest Awards (2005)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000616/2005|publisher=[[IMDb]] |date=February 27, 2013 |access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>}}
|}

Other awards and honors include:
* Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by Awards Council member [[Henry Kravis]], 1991<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/}}</ref>
* Favorite Female Performer in a Daytime Serial, [[People's Choice Awards]], [[18th People's Choice Awards|1992]]<ref name="PCA">{{cite web|title=1992 Winners|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=1992|publisher=People Choice Awards|access-date=August 13, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Women in Film Los Angeles|Women in Film]] [[Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards#Lucy Award|Lucy Award]], 1994<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wif.org/past-recipients |title=Past Recipients |publisher=Wif.org |access-date=May 26, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830035734/http://www.wif.org/past-recipients |archive-date=August 30, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* [[New York Women in Film & Television]] Muse Award, 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=Event: New York Women in Film & Television (2004) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001543/2004|publisher=[[IMDb]] |date=February 27, 2013 |access-date=June 25, 2017}}</ref>
* Outstanding Female Lead in a Daytime Drama, [[Gracie Allen Awards]], 2005<ref name="GAA">{{cite web |title=2005 Gracie Awards® Winners |url=http://www.thegracies.org/2005-grace-awards.php |work=Alliance for Women in Media Foundation |publisher=The Gracies |access-date=August 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812133241/http://www.thegracies.org/2005-grace-awards.php |archive-date=August 12, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]], 2005<ref name="HWOF">{{cite web|title=Walk of Fame Star Search 2005|url=http://www.walkoffame.com/starfinder/year/2005?page=2|publisher=Hollywood Walk of Fame|access-date=August 13, 2013}}</ref>
* [[NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame]], 2006
* [[Ride of Fame]] inductee, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/news/article_1719092.php/Susan-Lucci-honored-with-Gray-Line |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131120193959/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/news/article_1719092.php/Susan-Lucci-honored-with-Gray-Line |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 20, 2013 |title=Susan Lucci honored with Gray Line |publisher=Monsters and Critics |access-date=November 20, 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Disney Legends|Disney Legend]], 2015

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* Siegel, Barbara, and [[Scott Siegel]]. 1986. ''Susan Lucci''. New York: St. Martin's Press. {{ISBN|0-312-77963-1}}.
* Lucci, Susan. 2011. ''All My Life: A Memoir''. {{ISBN|0-06-206184-4}}.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.susanlucci.com/ Susan's Official Website]
* {{IMDb name|0005166}}
* {{Tcmdb name}}
* {{EmmyTVLegends name|susan-lucci|Susan Lucci}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Susan Lucci
|list =
{{Disney Legends Awards 2010s}}
{{Daytime Emmy Award Lifetime Achievement}}
{{Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Lead Actress}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucci, Susan}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from New York City]]
[[Category:American people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Swedish descent]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:American soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series winners]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ rights activists]]
[[Category:Marymount College, Tarrytown alumni]]
[[Category:New York (state) Republicans]]
[[Category:Participants in American reality television series]]
[[Category:People from Garden City, New York]]
[[Category:People from Scarsdale, New York]]
[[Category:Garden City High School (New York) alumni]]

FAW Premier Cup

2025-04-26T21:42:12Z

2600:1004:B30B:597E:B4B0:70A5:C16E:6512: League's current name

{{Infobox football tournament
|sport=[[Association football|Football]]
|founded=1997
|abolished=2008
|teams=16
|countries={{WAL}} {{ENG}}
|current champions=[[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]]
|most successful club = [[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]] (5 titles)
|}}
The '''FAW Premier Cup''' (until 1998 the FAW Invitation Cup) was a [[Wales|Welsh]] [[association football|football]] cup competition, organised annually by the [[Football Association of Wales]] from 1997 to 2008. Since the FAW excluded clubs playing in [[English football league system|English leagues]] (including six Welsh clubs) from playing in the [[Welsh Cup]] from 1996 onwards, the FAW needed another competition where the best Welsh teams could compete.

The original format incorporated the three Welsh clubs then playing in the [[The Football League|Football League]] ([[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] and [[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]) along with [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.|Merthyr Tydfil]] and four League of Wales clubs (now the [[Cymru Premier]]). Until the 2001–02 season, Merthyr Tydfil had a guaranteed place, as [[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]] and [[Colwyn Bay F.C.|Colwyn Bay]] were not invited to take part. From then onwards, the highest placed of the three were invited. Colwyn Bay never subsequently qualified.

From the 2004–05 season, the competition was expanded to 16 clubs – the top 10 placed clubs from the [[League of Wales|Welsh Premier League]], joined by the two best-placed of the three teams: Newport County, Merthyr Tydfil and Colwyn Bay, the [[Welsh Cup]] winners plus Cardiff City, Swansea City and Wrexham.

The competition offered a healthy prize fund. A share of the TV coverage money for live matches was also split between both clubs. The losing semi-final teams each received £25,000. The losing finalists received £50,000, with the winners receiving £100,000.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.welsh-premier.com/index.php/past/faw-premier-cup/premier-cup-2007-8 |title=FAW Premier Cup 2007/8 |work=welsh-premier.com |publisher=Welsh Premier Football |access-date=12 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103130218/http://welsh-premier.com/index.php/past/faw-premier-cup/premier-cup-2007-8 |archive-date=3 January 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_of_wales/3006821.stm |title=Cup crowns Wrexham season |work=bbc.co.uk |publisher= BBC |date=8 May 2003 |access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>

The competition's most senior clubs were accused of taking the competition lightly. Cardiff City in particular, following the arrival of ambitious owner [[Sam Hammam]] enjoyed relative success in the [[Football League]] but Cardiff City won the FAW Premier Cup just once, beating arch-rivals Swansea City in the 2002 final.

Wrexham appeared in all but three finals. The only [[Welsh Premier League]] clubs to have played in the final are Barry Town, Rhyl, The New Saints and Llanelli. The 2007 final was the first final not to include one of the English Football League clubs. In the last final, on 11 March 2008, [[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]] beat [[Llanelli A.F.C.|Llanelli]] at Newport Stadium.

The FAW Premier Cup was broadcast on [[BBC Wales]]. However, after BBC Wales withdrew their sponsorship of the competition in 2008, the competition was cancelled.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.low.org.uk/news/WelshPrem33639.ink |title=Board Confirms No Premier Cup Next Season |work=low.org.uk |publisher=Welsh Premier Football League |date=11 April 2008 |access-date=11 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429023323/http://www.low.org.uk/news/WelshPrem33639.ink |archive-date=29 April 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the 2011-12 season the FAW announced that the six exiled clubs would again be invited to play in the Welsh Cup. [[Merthyr Town F.C. (2010)|Merthyr Town]], [[Newport County F.C.|Newport County]] and [[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]] all accepted but [[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.|Colwyn Bay]] and [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] rejected the invitation. However, because [[UEFA]] refused to give any of these clubs entry into the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] by this route, these clubs did not enter the Welsh Cup in the following season.

==Results of finals==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!Year
!Winners
!Result
!Runners-up
!Venue
!Attendance
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 1997–98|1997–98]]
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|2–1
|[[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]]
|[[Racecourse Ground]]
|
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 1998–99|1998–99]]
|[[Barry Town F.C.|Barry Town]]
|2–1
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|[[Racecourse Ground]]
|
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 1999–2000|1999–2000]]
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|2–0
|[[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]]
|[[Racecourse Ground]]
|
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2000–01|2000–01]]
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|2–0
|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]
|[[Vetch Field]]
|
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2001–02|2001–02]]
|[[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]]
|1–0
|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]
|[[Ninian Park]]
|align="right"|6,629
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2002–03|2002–03]]
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|6–1
|[[Newport County F.C.|Newport County]]
|[[Racecourse Ground]]
|align="right"|4,014
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2003–04|2003–04]]
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|4–1
|[[Rhyl F.C.|Rhyl]]
|[[Belle Vue (Rhyl)|Belle Vue]]
|align="right"|2,800
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2004–05|2004–05]]
|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]
|2–1
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|[[Vetch Field]]
|align="right"|9,000
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2005–06|2005–06]]
|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]
|2–1
|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|[[Racecourse Ground]]
|align="right"|3,032
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2006–07|2006–07]]
|[[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]]
|1–0
|[[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]]
|[[Newport Stadium]]
|align="right"|1,809
|-
|[[FAW Premier Cup 2007–08|2007–08]]
|[[Newport County F.C.|Newport County]]
|1–0
|[[Llanelli A.F.C.|Llanelli]]
|[[Newport Stadium]]
|align="right"|1,889
|}

==Club-by-club record==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: right"
!Rank
!Club
!Appearances
!Winners
!Runners-up
!Winning year(s)
|-
|1
|align="left"|[[Wrexham F.C.|Wrexham]]
|'''11'''
|5
|3
|align="left"|1997–98, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2003–04
|-
|2
|align="left"|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]
|'''11'''
|2
|2
|align="left"|2004–05, 2005–06
|-
|rowspan="2"|3
|align="left"|[[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]]
|'''11'''
|1
|2
|align="left"|2001–02
|-
|align="left"|[[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]]
|'''7'''
|1
|2
|align="left"|2007–08
|-
|rowspan="2"|5
|align="left"|[[Barry Town F.C.|Barry Town]]
|'''7'''
|1
|–
|align="left"|1998–99
|-
|align="left"|[[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]]
|'''9'''
|1
|–
|align="left"|2006–07
|-
|rowspan="2"|7
|align="left"|[[Rhyl F.C.|Rhyl]]
|'''8'''
|–
|1
|
|-
|align="left"|[[Llanelli A.F.C.|Llanelli]]
|'''3'''
|–
|1
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Football in Wales]]
*[[Welsh football league system]]
*[[Welsh Cup]]
*[[Welsh League Cup]]
*[[List of football clubs in Wales]]
*[[List of stadiums in Wales by capacity]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.faw-premiercup.com/ Official website of the competition]

{{FAW Premier Cup}}
{{Football in Wales}}
{{Football in the United Kingdom}}

[[Category:FAW Premier Cup| ]]
[[Category:Football cup competitions in Wales]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:Defunct football competitions in Wales|FAW Premier Cup]]
[[Category:National association football cups|Wales]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in Wales]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1997]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Wales]]

Edgewood, Texas

2025-04-25T03:27:56Z

2600:1004:B30B:597E:B4B0:70A5:C16E:6512: /* Newspapers and publications */ italicized names of periodicals

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Edgewood, Texas
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Downtown Edgewood Texas1 (1 of 1).jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Downtown Edgewood
| image_map = TX Van Zandt County Edgewood.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Edgewood, Texas
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Texas]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Van Zandt County, Texas|Van Zandt]]

| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| established_title =
| established_date =

| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 3.56
| area_land_km2 = 3.52
| area_water_km2 = 0.05
| area_total_sq_mi = 1.38
| area_land_sq_mi = 1.36
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.02

| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1530
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto

| timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset = -6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = -5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 476
| coordinates = {{coord|32|41|35|N|95|52|46|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 75117
| area_code = [[Area codes 430 and 903|430, 903]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 48-22612<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2412468<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2412468}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://edgewoodtexas.org/}}
| footnotes =
| name =
}}
'''Edgewood''' is a city in [[Van Zandt County, Texas|Van Zandt County]], [[Texas]], United States. The population was 1,530 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. The town draws its name from its location on the far western edge of the East Texas timberline on [[U.S. Route 80 in Texas|U.S. Highway 80]], approximately 60 miles east of Dallas.

==Geography==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.5 km2), all of it land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1880 = 83
| 1920 = 820
| 1930 = 761
| 1940 = 738
| 1950 = 834
| 1960 = 887
| 1970 = 1176
| 1980 = 1413
| 1990 = 1284
| 2000 = 1348
| 2010 = 1441
| 2020 = 1530
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Edgewood racial composition as of 2020'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4822612&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=May 22, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> (NH = Non-Hispanic){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>https://www.census.gov/ {{nonspecific|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref>}}
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|1,162
|75.95%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|109
|7.12%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|13
|0.85%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|7
|0.46%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|1
|0.07%
|-
|Some Other Race (NH)
|3
|0.2%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|51
|3.33%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|184
|12.03%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''1,530'''
|
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 1,530 people, 558 households, and 439 families residing in the town.

==Politics==
The city of Edgewood is a Republican stronghold, like the rest of Van Zandt County. The city of Edgewood's limits are coterminous with Van Zandt County voter precinct 1E.
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+ Edgewood city vote by party in presidential elections<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url= https://newtools.cira.state.tx.us/upload/page/2685/2020%20Home/20201116130837479.pdf|title=2020 Election Results|website=vanzandtcounty.org}}</ref>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Third party (United States)|Third Parties]]
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|20.00% ''121''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''79.17%''' ''479''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.83% ''5''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|20.37% ''109''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''77.38%''' ''414''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.24% ''12''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2012 United States presidential election|2012]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|25.55% ''139''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''73.35%''' ''399''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.10% ''6''
|}

==Education==
The Town of Edgewood is served by the [[Edgewood Independent School District (Van Zandt County, Texas)|Edgewood Independent School District]].

==Notable people==

* [[Cameron McCasland]], Emmy-nominated film and television producer
* [[Chad Morris]], College Football Coach

==Newspapers and publications==
* ''[[Edgewood Enterprise]]''
* ''Van Zandt County News''

==References==
<references />
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.edgewoodheritagefestival.com/ Edgewood Heritage Festival]
* [https://edgewoodtexas.org/ City of Edgewood]

{{Van Zandt County, Texas}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Texas]]
[[Category:Towns in Van Zandt County, Texas]]

King in Prussia

2025-04-24T14:45:39Z

2600:1004:B30B:597E:B4B0:70A5:C16E:6512: Italicised Latin motto

{{short description|Title used by the Prussian kings from 1701 to 1772}}
{{For|the 1944 novel by Rafael Sabatini|King in Prussia (novel)}}
{{Expand German|topic=hist}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2016}}
'''King ''in'' Prussia''' ([[German language|German]]: ''König in Preußen'') was a title used by the [[Prussia]]n kings (also in personal union [[Elector of Brandenburg|Electors of Brandenburg]]) from 1701 to 1772. Subsequently, they used the title '''King ''of'' Prussia''' (''König von Preußen'').

The [[House of Hohenzollern]] ruled [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] as [[Prince-Elector]]s, and were subjects of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. Since 1618, the Electors of Brandenburg had also ruled the [[Duchy of Prussia]], which lay outside the empire, in a [[personal union]]. The dual state was known unofficially as [[Brandenburg-Prussia]]. Originally the dukes of Prussia held the fief as vassals of the King of Poland, until the Treaties of [[Treaty of Labiau|Labiau]] (1656) and [[Treaty of Bromberg|Bromberg]] (1657), with which [[Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick William]], the Great Elector, achieved full sovereignty from the Polish Crown. His son, Elector [[Frederick I of Prussia|Frederick III]], then sought to show his greatness by adopting the title ''[[Monarch|king]]''.

At the time, the only royal titles within the Holy Roman Empire were those of [[King of the Romans]] (held by the Holy Roman Emperor or their [[heir apparent]]) and [[King of Bohemia]] (held more or less continuously since the 16th century by the Holy Roman Emperors in a ''de facto'' personal union). However, Prussia lay outside the empire, and the Hohenzollerns were fully sovereign over it. Frederick thus argued that German law of the time allowed him to rule Prussia as a kingdom, outside the borders of the Holy Roman Empire.

In the [[Crown Treaty]] of 16 November 1700, in return for Hohenzollern assistance in the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] and support for the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] candidate in the subsequent imperial election, Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] allowed Frederick to crown himself "King ''in'' Prussia".<ref name=Beier162>{{cite book|title=Die Chronik der Deutschen|first=Brigitte|last=Beier|publisher=wissenmedia|year=2007|page=162|isbn=978-3-577-14374-5|language= German}}</ref> The title "King in Prussia" reflected the [[legal fiction]] that Frederick was only sovereign over his former duchy. In Brandenburg and other Hohenzollern domains within the borders of the empire, he was legally still an elector under the ultimate overlordship of the emperor. By this time, however, the emperor's authority had become purely nominal. The rulers of the empire's member states acted largely as rulers of sovereign states, and only acknowledged the emperor's suzerainty in a formal way. Hence, even though Brandenburg was still legally part of the empire and ruled in personal union with Prussia, the two states came to be treated as one ''de facto.'' Although Prussia's royal title gave the Hohenzollern rulers higher status, Brandenburg was the wealthier and more populous portion of the combined realm, and Brandenburg's capital [[Berlin]] remained the primary residence of the King and his administration. In addition, the Duchy was only the eastern bulk of the region of Prussia; the westernmost fragment constituted the part of [[Royal Prussia]] east of the Vistula, held along with the title ''King of Prussia'' by the [[List of Polish monarchs|King of Poland]].

[[File:Preussen 1701 Königsberg.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Anointing of Frederick I in [[Königsberg Castle]]]]
On 17 January 1701, Frederick dedicated the royal coat of arms, the [[Coat of arms of Prussia|Prussian black eagle]] with the motto "[['"suum cuique'']]" imprinted.<ref name=Beier162/> On 18 January, he crowned himself and his wife [[Sophia Charlotte of Hanover|Sophie Charlotte]] in a baroque ceremony in [[Königsberg Castle]].<ref name=Beier162/> Frederick's move was controversial, and only became widely accepted after the [[Treaty of Utrecht]] in 1713. Throughout the 18th century, the Hohenzollerns increased their power. They were victorious over the Austrian [[Habsburg monarchy]] in the three [[Silesian Wars]], greatly increasing their power through the acquisition of [[Silesia]].

King [[Frederick the Great|Frederick II]] adopted the title ''King of Prussia'' in 1772, the same year he annexed most of Royal Prussia in the [[First Partition of Poland]]. The Hohenzollerns continued to be both Kings of Prussia and Electors of Brandenburg until the empire's dissolution in 1806. At that point, the entire realm was formally unified as the Kingdom of Prussia, with Brandenburg one of its provinces and Berlin the kingdom's capital, though the two parts became partially distinct again during the existence of the [[German Confederation]] (1815–1866).

==See also==
*[[List of monarchs of Prussia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1701 establishments in Prussia]]
[[Category:1772 disestablishments in Europe]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Prussia]]
[[Category:Kings of Prussia|*]]
[[Category:Monarchy in Germany]]

Norton Villiers Triumph

2025-04-23T02:57:01Z

2600:1004:B30B:597E:B4B0:70A5:C16E:6512: /* Formation */ proper dash length in this context

{{Short description|British motorcycle manufacturer, 1973–1978}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Norton Villiers Triumph
| logo =
| fate = [[Receivership]]
| predecessors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Birmingham Small Arms Company|BSA-Triumph]]|[[Norton-Villiers]]}}
| successors = {{Unbulleted list|[[BSA Company]]|[[FB-AJS]]|[[Meriden Motorcycle Co-operative]]|[[Norton Motors (1978)]]|[[Villiers Australia Pty]]|[[Wolverhampton Industrial Engines]]}}
| foundation = {{start date|1973}}
| defunct = {{end date|1978}}
| location = [[Andover, Hampshire|Andover]], [[Meriden, West Midlands|Meriden]], [[Small Heath, Birmingham|Small Heath]], [[Wolverhampton]]
| industry = Motorcycles
| key_people = [[Dennis Poore]]
| products =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| subsid = [[Triumph Engineering Co Ltd|Triumph]], [[Norton Motorcycle Company|Norton]]
}}
'''Norton Villiers Triumph''' ('''NVT''') was a British [[motorcycle]] manufacturer, formed by the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] to continue the UK motorcycling industry.

==Formation==
Triumph had been owned by the BSA Group since 1951, but by 1972 the merged BSA-Triumph group was in serious financial trouble. In March 1973 the value of BSA shares slumped, which affected production at [[Meriden, West Midlands|Meriden]], causing 300 workers there to be laid off.{{sfn|Falloon|2019|p=137}} British government policy at the time was to save strategic industries with taxpayers' money, and as BSA-Triumph had won the [[Queen's Awards for Enterprise|Queen's Awards for Exports]] a few years earlier, the industry was deemed eligible for financial support. The Conservative government under [[Ted Heath]] decided to bail out the company, provided that to compete with the Japanese it merged with financially troubled [[Norton Villiers]] (the remains of [[Associated Motor Cycles]], which had gone bust in 1966), a subsidiary of British engineering conglomerate [[Manganese Bronze Holdings]].

The merged company was created in 1973, with Manganese Bronze exchanging the motorcycle parts of Norton Villiers in exchange for the non-motorcycling bits of the BSA Group – mainly [[Carbodies]], the builder of the [[Austin FX4]] [[Hackney carriage|London taxi]]: the classic "black cab". As BSA was both a failed company and a solely British-known brand (the company's products had always been most successfully marketed in North America under the Triumph brand), the new conglomerate was called Norton Villiers Triumph—being effectively the consolidation of the entire once-dominant British motorcycle industry, thanks to the rise of the car and the Japanese manufacturers.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

==Operations==
NVT inherited four motorcycle factories—Small Heath (ex-BSA); Andover and Wolverhampton ([[Norton Motorcycles|Norton]]); and Meriden (Triumph). Chairman Dennis Poore intended to move all motorcycle production to Small Heath and Wolverhampton.{{sfn|Falloon|2019|p=137}} Although Meriden was the most modern{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}, its workers were the most militant{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} and had the worst productivity of the four. Poore had plans to sell the Meriden site to [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]].{{sfn|Falloon|2019|p=137}} In September 1973 Poore met with union representatives at Meriden and informed them that the factory was to be closed in the next few months and all 1,700 workers made redundant.{{sfn|Fleet|1976|p=86}} In response, the workers occupied the factory and refused to allow any plant, components or completed motorcycles to leave the factory.{{sfn|Fleet|1976|p=87}}

[[File:NVT Rambler 125 (7330360306).jpg|thumb|right|250px|NVT Rambler 125]]
Still short of development cash, the company was restricted to launching developments of existing products, most notably around the popular [[Norton Commando]]. With its classical parallel twin probably by now overdeveloped, from March 1973 the Roadster, Hi Rider, and the Interstate all began to use a new 828 cc engine. Later NVT also produced the Easy Rider moped including a "sixteener" version with pedals and the NVT rambler 125/175 cc. This had a Yamaha engine housed in a British monoshock frame. Instruments were from Yamaha and forks, brakes and wheel parts from three Italian manufacturers. The Rambler later became the BSA Tracker. What money there was for development now had to be focused on one engine development. Deciding that the Japanese had taken the market a step forward, NVT were looking for a competitive edge, and had two products that could be developed, both from the BSA side of the company:

*The 500 cc twin, stepped-piston engine, with a monocoque pressed-steel frame, named internally the Wulf
*A rotary [[Wankel engine]]

Concluding that the commuter market was dying, NVT chose the Wankel, and as [[Peter Williams (motorcyclist)|Peter Williams]] won the 1973 Formula 750 Isle of Man T.T. and [[Mick Grant]] came second for the Norton Racing team that year, the decision was to put the new engine in a new Norton motorcycle. However, the infrastructure of the old Norton company was itself being closed down, as the Andover factory closed after a sit-in. This coincided with the Conservative government of Ted Heath losing power, and in the light of the [[Three-Day Week]] the subsidy was withdrawn from June 1974 under the new Labour Government of [[Harold Wilson]].

NVT continued with a programme of works closures, deciding to concentrate production on Wolverhampton and Small Heath. Poorly handled in communications, the announcement caused a sit-in at Meriden which, as it produced parts for other factories, caused Small Heath to shut down. With the election of the 1974 Labour government, the [[Meriden workers' co-operative]] was formed with NVT its sole customer for its production of 750 cc [[Triumph Bonneville T140|Triumph Bonneville T140V]] and [[Triumph Tiger TR7V]] models. Forced by American legislation to move all brake controls to the right-hand side of the bike, the standard used by most other manufacturers, including the Japanese. The foot-brake lever on British motorcycles was positioned on the left-hand side as it was to this side that sidecars were affixed. The brake pedal on the sidecar was then positioned alongside the brake pedal of the motorcycle allowing braking of both motorcycle and sidecar with one foot. The company reduced its range to five models: two Norton Commandos (the Mk.3 Interstate and the Roadster), the [[Triumph Bonneville]] T140V, the [[Triumph Tiger]] TR7RV and the [[BSA Rocket 3/Triumph Trident|Triumph Trident T160V]]. Both Nortons and the T160 were improved by the fitting of an electric starter, a rear disc brake and the left side gear change/right foot brake. The Bonneville got its own electric start in 1980 when marketed by the Meriden [[Worker cooperative|workers' co-operative]] itself. Unlike other motorcycles of this era, the kickstart lever was retained and the electric starter on Nortons was more properly referred to as an electric assister.

==Break-up and closure==
In July 1975, the new Industry Minister [[Eric Varley]] recalled a loan for £4 million and refused to renew the company's export credits. The company went into receivership, and redundancies were announced for all of the staff at the various sites.

The [[Wolverhampton]] factory went into receivership in September 1975{{sfn|Falloon|2019|p=149}} and closed on 13 October making 1,600 workers redundant.{{sfn|Express & Star}}

The closure of Small Heath was also announced in September 1975 and when an order for Tridents from the Saudi Arabian police force was completed the factory closed in February 1976.{{sfn|Falloon|2019|p=149}}

Ironically, slated by management for closure, the Meriden site survived on Eric Varley's predecessor, [[Tony Benn]]'s plan to exploit the Triumph Bonneville by a worker co-operative with a substantial government loan.

The Norton Wankel project was sold off by the receivers into private hands, with slow-selling and under-developed rotary-engined motorcycles appearing under the Norton name for the next 15 years;{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} while Wolverhampton, having no viable products to produce, was reduced to a workers' sit-in and showing of an updated Commando model named Norton 76 and a 500 cc twin based on the Wulf concept. After Wolverhampton closed, having made Commandos from remaining spares, the workers took the former Tong Castle gates and erected them at the former Marston site.

NVT was eventually liquidated in 1978. Even though Norton Villiers Triumph is no more, motorcycles bearing the Triumph name are still being made; the marketing rights to Triumph were sold to the Meriden workers' co-operative in 1977 and upon its having gone into receivership in 1983, sold on to a new Triumph Motorcycles Ltd company situated in Hinckley, Leicestershire. Dennis Poore became managing director of Manganese Bronze, until his death in 1987.

==See also==
*[[Triumph Owners Motor Cycle Club]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Falloon |first1=Ian |title=The Complete Book of Classic and Modern Triumph Motorcycles 1937-Today |date=1 October 2019 |publisher=Motorbooks |location=Beverly, MA, USA |isbn=978-0-7603-6601-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujGoDwAAQBAJ&dq=norton+Wolverhampton+closure&pg=PA149 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Fleet |first1=Ken |editor1-last=Coates |editor1-first=Ken |title=The New worker co-operatives |date=1976 |publisher=Spokesman Books for the Institute for Workers' Control |location=Nottingham |isbn=978-0851241470 |pages=85–96 |chapter-url=https://www.spokesmanbooks.com/Spokesman/PDF/148KF4.pdf |chapter=Triumph Meriden}}
* {{cite web |title=Those were the days - 1975 |url=http://static.expressandstar.com/days/1950-75/1975.html |website=[[Express & Star]] |access-date=7 February 2014 |ref={{harvid|Express & Star}} }}

==External links==
*[http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/Transport/Motorcycles/NortonVilliers.htm Wolverhampton Local History - page on NVT - Dead page] [https://archive.today/20120804221149/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/Transport/Motorcycles/NortonVilliers.htm Archived from original here] (Retrieved 2014-02-07)
*[https://mrc.epexio.com/records/NVT Catalogue of the NVT archives], held at the [[Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick]]

{{British motorcycle manufacturers}}
{{Norton motorcycles}}
{{Triumph motorcycles Meriden}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norton Villiers Triumph}}
[[Category:Motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1973]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1978]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1978 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:British companies disestablished in 1978]]
[[Category:British companies established in 1973]]

Sopwith Camel

2025-04-23T02:50:15Z

2600:1004:B30B:597E:B4B0:70A5:C16E:6512: /* Shipboard and parasite fighter */ proper styling for ship name

{{Short description|British WW1 biplane fighter aircraft}}
{{About|the fighter aircraft|the 1960s psychedelic rock band|Sopwith Camel (band)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}

{{Infobox aircraft
|name = Camel
|image = File:Sopwith Camel - Season Premiere Airshow 2018 (cropped).jpg
|image_caption =Sopwith Camel
|aircraft_type = [[Biplane]] [[fighter aircraft|fighter]]
|manufacturer = [[Sopwith Aviation Company]]
|designer =[[Herbert Smith (aircraft designer)|Herbert Smith]]<ref>Mason 1992, p. 89.</ref>
|first_flight = 22 December 1916
|introduction = June 1917
|retired =January 1920
|status =
|primary_user = [[Royal Flying Corps]]
|more_users = [[Royal Naval Air Service]] [[Royal Air Force]]
|produced = 
|number_built = 5,490
|unit cost =
|variants =
|developed_from = [[Sopwith Pup]]
}}

The '''Sopwith Camel''' is a British [[World War I|First World War]] single-seat [[biplane]] [[fighter aircraft]] that was introduced on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] in 1917. It was developed by the [[Sopwith Aviation Company]] as a successor to the [[Sopwith Pup]] and became one of the best-known fighter aircraft of the Great War. Pilots flying Camels were credited with downing 1,294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied fighter of the conflict. Towards the end of the war, Camels lost their edge as fighters and were also used as a [[attack aircraft|ground-attack aircraft]].

The Camel was powered by a single [[rotary engine]] and was armed with twin [[Synchronization gear|synchronized]] {{cvt|0.303|in|2}} [[Vickers machine guns]]. It was difficult to fly, with 90% of its weight in the front two metres (seven feet) of the aircraft, but it was highly manoeuvrable in the hands of an experienced pilot, a vital attribute in the relatively low-speed, low-altitude [[Dogfight#World War I|dogfights]] of the era. Its pilots joked that their fates would involve "a [[gravestone|wooden cross]], the [[Red Cross]], or a [[Victoria Cross]]".

The main variant of the Camel was designated as the '''F.1'''. Other variants included the '''2F.1 Ship's Camel''', which operated from [[aircraft carriers]]; the '''Comic''' [[night fighter]] variant; and the '''T.F.1''', a "[[attack aircraft|trench fighter]]" armoured for attacks on heavily defended ground targets. A two-seat variant served as a [[Trainer aircraft|trainer]]. The last Camels were withdrawn from RAF service in January 1920.

==Development==
[[File:AC0158CobbyCamel1918-19.jpg|thumb|[[Harry Cobby]] sitting in the cockpit of a Sopwith Camel]]
When it became clear the [[Sopwith Pup]] was no match for the newer German fighters such as the [[Albatros D.III]], the Camel was developed to replace it,<ref name="Bruce ptI p527">Bruce ''Flight'' 22 April 1955, p. 527.</ref> as well as the [[Nieuport 17]]s that had been purchased from the French as an interim measure. It was recognised that the new fighter needed to be faster and have a heavier armament. The design effort to produce this successor, initially designated as the ''Sopwith F.1'', was headed by Sopwith's chief designer, [[Herbert Smith (aircraft designer)|Herbert Smith]].<ref name = "bruce 3">Bruce 1965, p. 3.</ref><ref name = "Jackson 2007 2"/>

Early in its development, the Camel was simply referred to as the "Big Pup". A metal [[Aircraft fairing|fairing]] over the gun breeches, intended to protect the guns from freezing at altitude, created a "hump" that led pilots to call the aircraft "Camel", although this name was never used officially.<ref name="Bruce ptI p527"/><ref>Bruce 1965, pp. 4-5.</ref> On 22 December 1916, the prototype Camel was first flown by [[Harry Hawker]] at [[Brooklands]], [[Weybridge]], [[Surrey]]; it was powered by a {{convert|110|hp|adj=on}} Clerget 9Z.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 2">Jackson 2007, p. 2.</ref>

In May 1917, the first production contract for an initial batch of 250 Camels was issued by the British [[War Office]].<ref name = "bruce 5">Bruce 1965, p. 5.</ref> Throughout 1917, a total of 1,325 Camels were produced, almost entirely the initial F.1 variant. By the time that production of the type came to an end, approximately 5,490 Camels of all types had been built.<ref name="Bruce ptII p 563">Bruce ''Flight'' 29 April 1955, p. 563.</ref> In early 1918, production of the naval variant of the Sopwith Camel, the "Ship's" Camel 2F.1 began.<ref name = "bruce 6">Bruce 1965, p. 6.</ref>

==Design==
===Overview===
[[File:Replica Sopwith Camel (G-BZSC) (12243203404).jpg|thumb|Replica Sopwith Camel showing internal structure]]
The Camel had a conventional design for its era, with a wire-braced wooden box-girder fuselage structure, an aluminium engine cowling, plywood panels around the cockpit, and a fabric-covered fuselage, wings and tail. While possessing some clear similarities with the Pup, it had a noticeably bulkier fuselage.<ref name = "bruce 3"/> For the first time on an operational British-designed fighter, two [[0.303 British|0.303 in]] (7.7 mm) [[Vickers machine gun|Vickers]] [[machine gun]]s were mounted directly in front of the cockpit, [[Synchronization gear|synchronised]] to fire forwards through the propeller disc<ref name = "Jackson 2007 2"/><ref name="Bruce ptI p527"/> – initially this was the [[Synchronization gear#The Sopwith-Kauper gear|Sopwith firm's own synchronizer design]], but after the mechanical-linkage Sopwith-Kauper units began to wear out, the more accurate and easier-to-maintain [[Synchronization gear#The Constantinesco synchronization gear|hydraulic-link Constantinesco-Colley system]] replaced it from November 1917 onward. In addition to the machine guns, a total of four [[Cooper bombs]] could be carried for ground attack purposes.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 2"/>

The bottom wing was rigged with 5° [[dihedral (aircraft)|dihedral]] while the top wing lacked any dihedral; this meant that the gap between the wings was less at the tips than at the roots; this change had been made at the suggestion of [[Fred Sigrist]], the Sopwith works manager, as a measure to simplify the aircraft's construction.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sopwith Camel|last=Jon.|first=Guttman|date=2012|publisher=Osprey|isbn=9781780961767|location=Oxford|pages=9, 16, 30|oclc=775415602}}</ref> The upper wing had a central cutout section to improve upwards visibility for the pilot.<ref>Bruce 1965, pp. 3-5.</ref>

Production Camels were powered by various [[rotary engine]]s, most commonly either the [[Clerget 9B]] or the [[Bentley BR1]].<ref>Bruce 1968, pp. 148-149.</ref> In order to evade a potential manufacturing [[Bottleneck (production)|bottleneck]] being imposed upon the overall aircraft in the event of an engine shortage, several other engines were adopted to power the type as well.<ref>Bruce 1965, pp. 7-8.</ref>

===Flight characteristics===
[[File:1917 Sopwith F.1 Camel.jpg|thumb|1917 Sopwith F.1 Camel at [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]]]]
[[File:E02659CobbyCamel1918.jpg|thumb|Pilot's view from the cockpit of a Camel, June 1918]]

Unlike the preceding Pup and [[Sopwith Triplane|Triplane]], the Camel was considered to be difficult to fly.<ref>Bruce 1965, pp. 5-6.</ref> With light and sensitive controls the type owed both its extreme manoeuvrability and its difficult handling to the close placement of the engine, pilot, guns and fuel tank (some 90% of the aircraft's weight) within the front {{convert|7|ft|m|spell=in}} of the aircraft, and to the strong [[gyroscope|gyroscopic]] effect of the rotating mass of the cylinders common to [[rotary engine]]s.<ref group=Note>As compared with [[radial engine]]s in which a conventional rotating crankshaft is driven by a fixed engine block.</ref>

Due to the torque of the rotary engine the Camel turned more slowly to the left, which resulted in a nose-up attitude, but the torque also resulted in being able to turn to the right quicker than other fighters,<ref name='Clark1973'>Clark 1973, p. 134.</ref> although that resulted in a tendency towards a nose-down attitude from the turn. Because of the faster turning capability to the right, some pilots preferred to change heading 90° to the left by turning 270° to the right.<ref name=Hoyland>{{cite book |last= Hoyland |first= Graham |title= Merlin: The Power behind the Spitfire, Mosquito and Lancaster |location= London |publisher= William Collins |date= 2021 |pages= 93 |isbn= 978-0-00-835930-0}}</ref>

Upon entering service, the Camel gained an unfortunate reputation with pilots,<ref name=":0">Jackson 2005, pp. 15–16.</ref> with inexperienced ones crashing on take-off when the full fuel load pushed the aircraft's [[centre of gravity]] beyond the rearmost safe limit.

When in level flight, the Camel was markedly tail-heavy. Unlike the Sopwith Triplane, the Camel lacked a variable incidence tailplane, so that the pilot had to apply constant forward pressure on the control stick to maintain a level attitude at low altitude. The aircraft could be rigged so that at higher altitudes it could be flown "hands off". A stall immediately resulted in a dangerous [[Spin (flight)|spin]].
RFC pilots used to joke that it offered the choice between "a [[Headstone|wooden cross]], the [[Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]], or a [[Victoria Cross]]".<ref>Leinburger [https://books.google.com/books?id=DKv-TahJStsC&q=%22wooden+cross%22 2008, p. 30.]</ref><ref name= Hoyland/>

A two-seat trainer version was later built to ease the transition process:<ref name="bruce 9" /> in his ''Recollections of an Airman'', Lieutenant Colonel [[L. A. Strange]], who served with the central flying school, wrote: "In spite of the care we took, Camels continually spun down out of control when {{sic|flew}} by pupils on their first solos. At length, with the assistance of Lieut Morgan, who managed our workshops, I took the main tank out of several Camels and replaced [them] with a smaller one, which enabled us to fit in dual control." Such conversions, and dual instruction, went some way to alleviating the previously unacceptable casualties incurred during the critical type-specific solo training stage.<ref name=":0" />

Despite these issues, its agility in combat made the Camel one of the best-remembered [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] aircraft of the [[World War I|First World War]]. Aviation author Robert Jackson notes that: "in the hands of a novice it displayed vicious characteristics that could make it a killer; but under the firm touch of a skilled pilot, who knew how to turn its vices to his own advantage, it was one of the most superb fighting machines ever built".<ref name= "Jackson 2007 2"/>

==Operational history==

===Western front===
[[File:148th American Aero Squadron field. Making preparations for a daylight raid on German trenches and cities. The... - NARA - 530739.tif|thumb|Camels being prepared for a sortie.]]
In June 1917, the Sopwith Camel entered service with No. 4 Squadron of the [[Royal Naval Air Service]], which was stationed near [[Dunkirk]], France; this was the first squadron to operate the type.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 3">Jackson 2007, p. 3.</ref> Its first combat flight and reportedly its first victory claim were both made on 4 July 1917.<ref name = "bruce 5"/> By the end of July, the Camel also equipped No. 3 and No. 9 Naval Squadrons; and it had become operational with No. 70 Squadron of the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name = "bruce 6"/> By February 1918, 13 squadrons had Camels as their primary equipment.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Camel File|last1=Sturtevant|first1=Ray|last2=Page|first2=Gordon|publisher=Air-Britain, Ltd.|year=1993|isbn=0-85130-212-2|location=UK|pages=6}}</ref> The Camel proved in service to have better manoeuvrability than the [[Albatros D.III]] and [[Albatros D.V|D.V]] and offered heavier armament and better performance than the Pup and Triplane. Together with the [[Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5|S.E.5a]] and the [[SPAD S.XIII]], it helped to re-establish the Allied aerial superiority for a time. While flying a Sopwith Camel with the serial number B6313, the Canadian ace [[William George Barker|Billy Barker]] was credited with shooting down 46 aircraft. The total aircraft credited to Barker while flying B6313 is the highest attributed to a single aircraft during World War I.<ref name="Franks1">Franks 2018, p. 89.</ref>

===Home defence and night fighting===
[[File:The Battle of Passchendaele, July- November 1917 Q7784.jpg|thumb|A downed Sopwith Camel near [[Zillebeke]], [[West Flanders]], Belgium, 26 September 1917]]
An important role for the Camel was home defence. The RNAS flew Camels from [[RAF Eastchurch|Eastchurch]] and [[RAF Manston|Manston]] airfields against [[German strategic bombing during World War I|daylight raids]] by German bombers, including [[Gotha G.IV|Gothas]], from July 1917.<ref name = "bruce 9">Bruce 1965, p. 9.</ref> The public outcry against the night raids and the poor response of London's defences resulted in the RFC deciding to divert Camels that had been heading to the frontlines in France to Britain for the purposes of home defence; in July 1917, [[No. 44 Squadron RAF|44 Squadron RFC]] reformed and reequipped with the Camel to conduct the home defence mission.<ref name="Davis p96">Davis 1999, p. 96.</ref> By March 1918, the home defence squadrons had been widely equipped with the Camel and by August 1918, a total of seven home defence squadrons were operating these aircraft.<ref name="Davis p98">Davis 1999, p. 98.</ref>

When the Germans switched to performing night attacks, the Camel proved capable of being flown at night.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 3"/> Those aircraft assigned to home defence squadrons were quickly modified with navigation lights to serve as night fighters. A smaller number of Camels were more extensively changed; on these aircraft, the Vickers machine guns were replaced by over-wing [[Lewis guns]] and the cockpit was moved rearwards so the pilot could reload the guns. This modification, which became known as the "Sopwith Comic" allowed the guns to be fired without affecting the pilot's night vision and allowed the use of new, more effective incendiary ammunition that was considered unsafe to fire from synchronised Vickers guns.<ref name="Davis p97">Davis 1999, p. 97.</ref><ref name="Brucev2 p1151,3">Bruce 1968, p. 151, 153.</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ammunition in question was the RTS (Richard Thelfall and Sons) round, a combined incendiary and explosive round with a [[nitroglycerin]] and [[phosphorus]] filling. While more effective than earlier incendiary bullets such as the phosphorus-filled [[Incendiary ammunition#World War I|Buckingham bullet]], they required careful handling, and were initially banned from synchronised weapons, because of fears about the consequences of bullets striking the propeller of the fighter, and to prevent [[cooking off]] of the sensitive ammunition in the chambers of the Vickers guns, which fired from a [[closed bolt]]—a required feature for guns used in synchronized mounts—where heat could build up much quicker than in the [[open bolt]]ed Lewis gun.<ref name="Davis p97"/><ref name="flygunI p11,4">Williams and Gustin 2003, pp. 11, 14.</ref>|group=Note}}

The Camel was used to intercept and shoot down German bombers on several occasions during 1918, serving in this capacity through] to the final German bombing raid upon Britain on the night of the 20/21 May 1918.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 3 6">Jackson 2007, pp. 3-6.</ref> During this air raid, a combined force of 74 Camels and [[S.E.5]]s intercepted 28 Gothas and [[Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI]]s; three German bombers were shot down, while two more were downed by anti-aircraft fire and a further aircraft was lost to engine failure, resulting in the heaviest losses suffered by German bombers during a single night's operation over England.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 6">Jackson 2007, p. 6.</ref> In July 1918 seven Sopwith Camels destroyed two German Zeppelins by bombing their hangars in the [[Tondern raid]]; they were flown off {{HMS|Furious|47|6}} and then landed in Denmark or ditched in the sea to be picked up.

[[File:HMS Furious Tondern Raid 1918 IWM SP 1156.jpg|thumb|Navalised Camels on the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Furious|47|6}} prior to raiding the [[Tondern raid|Tondern airship hangars]]]]

The Camel night fighter was also operated by [[No. 151 Squadron RAF|151 Squadron]] to intercept German night bombers operating over the Western Front.<ref name="Davis p98-9"/> These aircraft also carried out night intruder missions against German airstrips. After five months of operations, 151 Squadron had claimed responsibility for shooting down 26 German aircraft.<ref name="Davis p98-9">Davis 1999, pp. 98–99.</ref>

===Shipboard and parasite fighter===
[[File:HMA R 23 Airship With Camel N6814.jpg|thumb|Sopwith 2F.1 Camel suspended from airship R 23 prior to a test flight]]

The RNAS operated a number of 2F.1 Camels that were suitable for launching from platforms mounted on the turrets of major warships as well as from some of the earliest [[aircraft carrier]]s to be built, e.g. [[HMS Furious (47)|HMS ''Furious'']]. Furthermore, the Camel could be deployed from ''aircraft lighters'', which were specially modified barges; these had to be towed fast enough that a Camel could successfully take off. The aircraft lighters served as means of launching interception sorties against incoming enemy air raids from a more advantageous position than had been possible when using shore bases alone.

During the summer of 1918, a single 2F.1 Camel (''N6814'') participated in a series of trials as a [[parasite aircraft|parasite fighter]]. The aircraft used [[Airship]] ''[[No. 23r|R23]]'' as a [[mothership]].<ref>Fitzsimons, p.521.</ref>

===Ground attack===
By mid-1918, the Camel had become obsolescent as a day fighter as its climb rate, level speed and performance at altitudes over 12,000 ft (3,650 m) were outclassed by the latest German fighters, such as the [[Fokker D.VII]]. However, it remained viable as a ground-attack and infantry support aircraft and instead was increasingly used in that capacity. The Camel inflicted high losses on German ground forces, albeit suffering from a high rate of losses itself in turn, through the dropping of 25 lb (11 kg) Cooper bombs and low-level strafing runs.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 7 8"/> The protracted development of the Camel's replacement, the [[Sopwith Snipe]], resulted in the Camel remaining in service in this capacity until well after the signing of the [[Armistice]].<ref name = "Jackson 2007 8"/>

During the [[German spring offensive]] of March 1918, squadrons of Camels participated in the defence of the Allied lines, harassing the advancing German Army from the skies.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 7 8">Jackson 2007, pp. 7-8.</ref> Jackson observed that "some of the most intense air operations took place" during the retreat of the [[Fifth Army (United Kingdom)|British Fifth Army]], in which the Camel provided extensive aerial support. Camels flew at multiple altitudes, some as low as {{convert|500|ft|m}} for surprise strafing attacks upon ground forces, while being covered from attack by hostile fighters by the higher altitude aircraft.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 8">Jackson 2007, p. 8.</ref> Strafing attacks formed a major component of British efforts to contain the offensive, the attacks often having the result of producing confusion and panic amongst the advancing German forces. As the March offensive waned, the Camel was able to operate within and maintain aerial superiority for the remainder of the war.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 8"/>

===Postwar service===
In the aftermath of the First World War, the Camel saw further combat action. Multiple British squadrons were deployed into Russia as a part of the [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]].<ref name = "Jackson 2007 8"/> Between the Camel and the S.E.5, which were the two main types deployed to the [[Caspian Sea]] area to bomb [[Bolshevik]] bases and to provide aerial support to the [[Royal Navy]] warships present, Allied control of the Caspian region had been achieved by May 1919. Starting in March 1919, direct support was also provided for [[White Russian forces]], carrying out reconnaissance, ground attack, and escort operations.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 8 10">Jackson 2007, pp. 8-10.</ref> During the summer of 1919, Camels of [[No. 47 Squadron RAF|No. 47 Squadron]] conducted offensive operations in the vicinity of [[Tsaritsyn]], primarily against [[Urbabk airfield]]; targets including enemy aircraft, cavalry formations, and river traffic. In September 1919, 47 Squadron was relocated to [[Kotluban]], where its aircraft operations mainly focused on harassing enemy communication lines.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 10"/> During late 1919 and early 1920, the RAF detachment operated in support of General [[Vladimir May-Mayevsky]]'s [[counter-revolutionary]] volunteer army during intense fighting around [[Kharkiv]]. In March 1920, the remainder of the force was evacuated and their remaining aircraft were deliberately destroyed to avoid them falling into enemy hands.<ref name = "Jackson 2007 10">Jackson 2007, p. 10.</ref>

==Variants==
Camels were powered by several makes of [[rotary engine]]s:
* [[Bentley BR1]], 150 hp (standard for RNAS aircraft)
* [[Clerget 9B]], 130 hp (standard powerplant)
* Clerget 9Bf, 140 hp
* [[Le Rhône 9J]], 110 hp
* [[Gnome Monosoupape]] 9B-2, 100 hp
* [[Gnome Monosoupape#Variants|Gnome Monosoupape 9N]], 160 hp

===Sopwith Camel F.1===
The F.1 was the main production version. It was armed with twin synchronised Vickers guns.

===Sopwith Camel 2F.1===

[[File:Sopwith Camel at the Imperial War Museum.jpg|thumb|The Sopwith 2F.1 Camel used to shoot down [[Zeppelin P Class|Zeppelin L 53]], at the [[Imperial War Museum]], London. Note mounting of twin Lewis guns over the top wing]]
The 2F.1 was a shipboard variant, flown from {{HMS|Furious|47|6}}.<ref>{{cite web| title=Sopwith 2F.1 Ship's Camel| website= Their Flying Machines|url=http://flyingmachines.ru/Site2/Crafts/Craft31478.htm|access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> It had a slightly shorter wingspan and a [[Bentley BR1]] as its standard engine. Additionally, one Vickers gun was replaced by an overwing [[Lewis gun]] to assist in destroying Zeppelins using incendiary ammunition.

===Sopwith Camel "Comic" Night fighter===
The "Comic" was a Camel variant designed specifically for [[night fighter|night-fighting]] duties. The twin Vickers guns were replaced by two Lewis guns on [[Foster mounting]]s firing forward over the top wing, as the muzzle flash of the Vickers guns could blind the pilot. The second reason to use Lewis guns was to facilitate the use of incendiary ammunition because of the risk of using it in synchronized guns. To allow reloading of the guns, the pilot was moved about {{convert|12|in|cm|0}} to the rear, and to compensate the fuel tank was moved forward.<ref>Mason 1992, p. 91.</ref> It served with Home Defence Squadrons against German air raids. The "Comic" nickname was unofficial, and was shared with the night fighter version of the [[Sopwith 1½ Strutter]].

===F.1/1===
The F1/1 was a version with tapered wings.

===T.F.1===
The T.F.1 was an experimental [[trench fighter]] used for development work for the [[Sopwith Salamander]]. Its machine guns were angled downwards for efficient [[strafing]], and it featured armour plating for protection.

===Trainer===
The trainer variant had a second cockpit behind the normal pilot's position. The weapons were removed, although the hump was sometimes kept.

==Operators==
[[File:Sopwith Camel Cremers.jpg|thumb|Belgian Sopwith Camel flown by Adj. Léon Cremers with n° 11 Squadron "Cocotte" marking]]
[[File:Portrait of Major Wilfred Ashton McCloughry MC (3288054135).jpg|thumb|Major Wilfred Ashton McCloughry MC, the commanding officer of No. 4 Squadron AFC, and his Sopwith Camel, 6 June 1918]]
;{{AUS}}
* [[Royal Australian Air Force|Australian Flying Corps]]
** [[No. 4 Squadron RAAF|No. 4 Squadron AFC]] in France.
** [[No. 5 Squadron RAAF|No. 5
Squadron AFC]] in the United Kingdom.
** [[No. 6 Squadron RAAF|No. 6 (Training) Squadron AFC]] in the United Kingdom.
** [[No. 8 Squadron RAAF|No. 8 (Training) Squadron AFC]] in the United Kingdom.
;{{BEL}}
* [[Belgian Air Component|Aviation Militaire Belge]]
** [[1ère Escadrille de Chasse]]
* [[Groupe de Chasse (Belgium)|Groupe de Chasse]]<ref name="Davis p96"/>
** [[9 Squadron (Belgian Air Force)|9ème Escadrille de Chasse]]
** [[11 Squadron (Belgian Air Force)|11ème Escadrille de Chasse]]
;{{flag|Canada|1868}}
* [[Royal Canadian Air Force]]
;{{EST}}
* [[Estonian Air Force]]
;{{FRA}}
* French Government
;{{flagicon image|Flag of Georgia (1918-1921).svg}}
* [[Georgian Air Force]] – 3-4 aircraft, 1920
;{{flag|Greece|old}}
* [[Hellenic Navy]]<ref name="Davis p102">Davis 1999, p. 102.</ref>
;{{LVA}}
* [[Latvian Air Force]]
;{{NLD}}
* [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]
;{{POL}}
* [[Polish Air Force]] operated 1 Camel post-war (1921)
'''{{flag|Russian Empire|1914}}'''
*[[Imperial Russian Air Service]]
;{{USSR}}
* [[Soviet Air Force]] – Postwar.
;{{UK}}
* [[Royal Flying Corps]] / [[Royal Air Force]]
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
:*[[No. 3 Squadron RAF|3 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 17 Squadron RAF|17 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 28 Squadron RAF|28 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 37 Squadron RAF|37 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 43 Squadron RAF|43 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 44 Squadron RAF|44 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 45 Squadron RAF|45 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 46 Squadron RAF|46 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 47 Squadron RAF|47 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 50 Squadron RAF|50 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 51 Squadron RAF|51 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 54 Squadron RAF|54 Squadron]]
:*[[No. 61 Squadron RAF|61 Squadron]]
{{col-break}}
* [[No. 65 Squadron RAF|65 Squadron]]
* [[No. 66 Squadron RAF|66 Squadron]]
* [[No. 70 Squadron RAF|70 Squadron]]
* [[No. 71 Squadron RAF|71 Squadron]]
* [[No. 73 Squadron RAF|73 Squadron]]
* [[No. 75 Squadron RAF|75 Squadron]]
* [[No. 78 Squadron RAF|78 Squadron]]
* [[No. 80 Squadron RAF|80 Squadron]]
* [[No. 81 Squadron RAF|81 Squadron]]
* [[No. 89 Squadron RAF|89 Squadron]]
* [[No. 94 Squadron RAF|94 Squadron]]
* [[No. 112 Squadron RAF|112 Squadron]]
* [[No. 139 Squadron RAF|139 Squadron]]
{{col-break}}
* [[No. 143 Squadron RAF|143 Squadron]]
* [[No. 150 Squadron RAF|150 Squadron]]
* [[No. 151 Squadron RAF|151 Squadron]]
* [[No. 152 Squadron RAF|152 Squadron]]
* [[No. 155 Squadron RAF|155 Squadron]]
* [[No. 187 Squadron RAF|187 Squadron]]
* [[No. 188 Squadron RAF|188 Squadron]]
* [[No. 189 Squadron RAF|189 Squadron]]
* [[No. 198 Squadron RAF|198 Squadron]]
* [[No. 201 Squadron RAF|201 Squadron]]
* [[No. 203 Squadron RAF|203 Squadron]]
* [[No. 204 Squadron RAF|204 Squadron]]
* [[No. 208 Squadron RAF|208 Squadron]]
{{col-break}}
* [[No. 209 Squadron RAF|209 Squadron]]
* [[No. 210 Squadron RAF|210 Squadron]]
* [[No. 212 Squadron RAF|212 Squadron]]
* [[No. 213 Squadron RAF|213 Squadron]]
* [[No. 219 Squadron RAF|219 Squadron]]
* [[No. 220 Squadron RAF|220 Squadron]]
* [[No. 222 Squadron RAF|222 Squadron]]
* [[No. 225 Squadron RAF|225 Squadron]]
* [[No. 230 Squadron RAF|230 Squadron]]
* [[No. 233 Squadron RAF|233 Squadron]]
* [[No. 273 Squadron RAF|273 Squadron]]
{{col-end}}
* [[Royal Naval Air Service]]
** [[No. 201 Squadron RAF|No. 1 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 203 Squadron RAF|No. 3 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 204 Squadron RAF|No. 4 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 206 Squadron RAF|No. 6 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 208 Squadron RAF|No. 8 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 209 Squadron RAF|No. 9 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 210 Squadron RAF|No. 10 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 212 Squadron RAF|No. 12 Squadron RNAS]]
** [[No. 213 Squadron RAF|No. 13 Squadron RNAS]]
[[File:Sopwith Camel F.1 Right Rear.jpg|thumb|USAS Sopwith Camel]]
;{{flag|United States|1912}}
* [[American Expeditionary Force]]
* [[United States Army Air Service]]
** [[9th Aero Squadron]]<ref>[http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9784 "9 Bomb Squadron (ACC)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927093654/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9784 |date=27 September 2015 }} ''Air Force Historical Research Agency''. Retrieved: 19 December 2010.</ref>
** [[17th Aero Squadron]]<ref>[http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9849 "17 Weapons Squadron (ACC)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225175157/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=9849 |date=25 February 2013 }} ''Air Force Historical Research Agency''. Retrieved: 19 December 2010.</ref>
** [[27th Aero Squadron]]<ref>[http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10190 "27 Fighters Squadron (ACC)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223194744/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10190 |date=23 February 2012 }} ''Air Force Historical Research Agency''. Retrieved: 19 December 2010.</ref>
** [[37th Bomb Squadron|37th Aero Squadron]]<ref>[http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=11645 "37 Bomb Squadron (ACC)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925081855/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=11645 |date=25 September 2011 }}''Air Force Historical Research Agency''. Retrieved: 19 December 2010.</ref>
** [[148th Aero Squadron]]
* [[United States Navy]]

==Surviving aircraft==
{{Commons category-inline|Sopwith Camel museum aircraft}}

[[File:Sopwith Camel 1.jpg|thumb|Sopwith Camel at the [[Royal Air Force Museum]]]]
There are eight known original Sopwith Camels extant:<ref>{{cite web |url= http://demobbed.org.uk/aircraft.php?type=299 |title=Sopwith Camel |work=Demobbed – Out of Service British Military Aircraft |year=2015 |access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref>
* B5747 – F.1 on static display at the [[Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History]] in Brussels.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Sopwith Camel, s/n B5747 RAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=16677|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* B6291 – F.1 on display at the [[National Air and Space Museum]]'s [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]] in [[Chantilly, Virginia]]. After being discovered in the 1960s by Desmond St. Cyrien, the aircraft was restored through the 1980s, with the restoration being completed by Tony Ditheridge at AJD Engineering in the United Kingdom, first flying in 1992.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Aircraft on Display at NASM's Udvar-Hazy Center |url=http://warbirdsnews.com/aviation-museum-news/new-aircraft-on-display-at-nasms-udvar-hazy-center.html |website=Warbirds News |date=27 December 2017}}</ref> From 2005 the aircraft was part of the Javier Arango Collection in [[Paso Robles, California]] and was donated to the NASM on Arango's death in April 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Glenshaw |first1=Paul |title=Javier Arango's Extraordinary Gifts |url=https://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/javier-arango-extraordinary-gifts-180970368/ |website=Air & Space Magazine |language=en}}</ref>
* B7280 – F.1 on static display at the [[Polish Aviation Museum]] in Kraków, Lesser Poland. The aircraft was built in [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] by [[Clayton & Shuttleworth]]. On 5 September 1918, when being flown by Captain [[Herbert A. Patey]] of [[No. 210 Squadron RAF]] over Belgium, it was shot down by [[Ludwig Beckmann]] of ''[[Jasta 56]]''. Patey survived and was taken prisoner. The Germans repaired the aircraft and flew it until the end of the war. It was then taken to Berlin and exhibited at the Deutsche Luftfahrt Sammlung (German Aviation Collection). During World War II it was moved to Poland for safekeeping, and put into storage. Restoration began in 2007 and was completed by 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeroplane: Sopwith F.1 Camel|url=http://www.muzeumlotnictwa.pl/zbiory_sz.php?ido=11&w=a|website=Polish Aviation Museum|publisher=NeoServer|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lincoln-built Sopwith Camel from the First World War is restored to its former glory|url=http://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/lincoln-built-icon-world-war-restored-glory/story-11223827-detail/story.html|access-date=12 May 2017|work=LincolnshireLive|publisher=Local World|date=22 July 2010}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* C8228 – F.1 on static display at the [[National Naval Aviation Museum]] in [[Pensacola, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Sopwtih Camel |url= http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=sopwith_camel|website= National Naval Aviation Museum |publisher= Naval Aviation Museum Foundation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft A5658 Data|url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/A5658.html|website=Airport-Data.com|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* F6314 – F.1 on static display at the [[Royal Air Force Museum London]] in London. It was built by [[Boulton & Paul]] and is painted to represent an aircraft coded ''B'' of [[No. 65 Squadron RAF]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sopwith F1 Camel|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/sopwith-f1-camel|website=Royal Air Force Museum|publisher=Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Simpson|first1=Andrew|title=INDIVIDUAL HISTORY [F6314]|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/74-A-18-Sopwith-Camel.pdf|website=Royal Air Force Museum|access-date=12 May 2017|date=2015}}</ref>
* N6812 – 2F.1 on static display at the [[Imperial War Museum]] in London. It was built by [[William Beardmore and Company|William Beardmore]] and was flown by Flight Sub-Lieutenant Stuart Culley on 11 August 1918 when he shot down [[Zeppelin LZ 100]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sopwith Camel|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/70000220|website=Imperial War Museums|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ellis148">Ellis 2008, p. 148.</ref>
* N8156 – 2F.1 on static display at the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]] in Ottawa, Ontario. Manufactured in 1918 by Hooper and Company Limited, it was purchased by the RCAF in 1925 and last flew in 1967.<ref>{{cite web|title=SOPWITH 2F.1 SHIP CAMEL|url=http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-sopwith-camel-2f1-ship-camel.php|website=Canada Aviation and Space Museum|publisher=Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation|access-date=12 May 2017|archive-date=22 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722052651/http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-sopwith-camel-2f1-ship-camel.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ZK-SDL – F.1 airworthy in New Zealand with The Vintage Aviator Ltd (TVAL)<ref>{{cite web |title= Sopwith Camel F.1 3|url=https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=SDL |website=[[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand]] |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> and painted as B5663. It was previously displayed in the Aerospace Education Center in [[Little Rock, Arkansas]], until it closed in December 2010, and the aircraft was sold to help pay debts. The Camel was sold to TVAL and restored to flying condition.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oman|first1=Noel|title=History Takes Flight: Vintage aircraft sold to pay center's bills|url=http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2011/mar/16/history-takes-flight-vintage-aircraft-sol-20110316|access-date=12 May 2017|work=Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette|publisher=Northwest Arkansas Newspapers LLC.|date=16 March 2011}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2017}} It was previously registered as N6254.<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA Registry [N6254]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N6254|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>

===Reproductions===
{{Commons category-inline|Sopwith Camel replicas}}
[[File:Sopwith F-1 Camel USAF.jpg|thumb|Replica of Camel F.1 flown by Lt. George Vaughn Jr., 17th Aero Squadron at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force|USAF Museum]]]]
* Replica – F.1 airworthy in Oliver BC Canada, operated as C-FGHT by the Royal Flying Corps School of Aerial Fighting Ltd. Built from Replicraft plans by Rolland Carlson in Wi.Powered by a Warner Super Scarab 165 hp engine.
* Replica – Type T.57 on static display at the [[Fleet Air Arm Museum]] at [[RNAS Yeovilton]] near [[Yeovil, Somerset]]. It was built in 1969 [[Slingsby Aviation|Slingsby]] for use in a [[Biggles]] film. It has a Warner Scarab engine installed and is painted as ''B6401''.<ref>Jackson 1988, p. 349.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sopwith Camel (replica) (B6401)|url=http://www.fleetairarm.com/exhibit/Sopwith-Camel-replica-B6401/6-30-3.aspx|website=Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Museum|publisher=Fleet Air Arm Museum|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 on static display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]]. This aircraft was built by museum personnel from original First World War factory drawings and was completed in 1974. It is painted and marked as the Camel flown by [[George Augustus Vaughn Jr.|Lt. George A. Vaughn Jr.]] while flying with the [[17th Aero Squadron]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sopwith F-1 Camel|url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197401/sopwith-f-1-camel/|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|access-date=12 May 2017|date=17 July 2015}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 airworthy at the [[Cavanaugh Flight Museum]], formerly in [[Addison, Texas]]. It was built by Dick Day from original factory drawings. The aircraft is fitted with original instruments, machine guns and an original Gnome rotary engine. It is painted in the scheme of the World War I flying ace Captain Arthur [[Roy Brown (RAF officer)]], a Canadian who flew with the Royal Air Force.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft|url=http://www.cavflight.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=119|website=Cavanaugh Flight Museum|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA Registry [N86678]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=86678|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> The museum closed indefinitely on 1 January 2024 and announced that its aircraft would be relocated to [[North Texas Regional Airport]] in [[Denison, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Cole |date=1 January 2024 |title=Historic Addison flight museum announces closure |url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/addison-texas-cavanaugh-flight-museum-closing/287-85fe72cf-3131-4919-88ed-e92d8cfa30c0 |work=WFAA |location=Dallas, Texas |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 on display at the [[Brooklands Museum]] in [[Weybridge, Surrey]]. It was built in 1977 by Viv Bellamy at Lands End, as a flyable reproduction for Leisure Sport Ltd. Painted to represent ''B7270'' of 209 Squadron, RAF, the machine which Captain Roy Brown flew when officially credited with shooting down [[Baron Manfred von Richthofen]], it has a Clerget rotary engine of 1916 and was registered as G-BFCZ until 2003. First displayed at the museum in January 1988 for Sir [[Thomas Sopwith]]'s 100th birthday celebrations, it was purchased by the museum later that year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sopwith Camel F1 (replica)|url=http://www.brooklandsmuseum.com/explore/our-collection/aircraft/sopwith-camel-f1-replica|website=Brooklands Museum|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2017}}<ref>{{cite web|title=GINFO Search Results [G-BFCZ]|url=https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/modalapplication.aspx?appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=BFCZ|website=Civil Aviation Authority|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2017}}
* Replica – B6299 at the [[Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome]] in [[Red Hook, New York]]. It was completed in 1992 with a 160 hp [[Gnome Monosoupape]] model 9N rotary, built by Nathaniel deFlavia and Cole Palen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sopwith Camel|url=http://oldrhinebeck.org/sopwith-camel|website=Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome|access-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220095820/http://oldrhinebeck.org/sopwith-camel|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA Registry [N7157Q]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=7157Q|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> It replaced one of the Dick Day-built and -flown Camel reproductions formerly flown at Old Rhinebeck by Mr. Day in their weekend vintage airshows, which had left the Aerodrome's collection some years earlier.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
* Replica – F.1 airworthy with the Javier Arango Collection in Paso Robles, California. It was constructed by Dick Day, is powered by a 160 hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N rotary, and is registered as ''N8343''.<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA Registry [N8343]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=8343|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2017}}
* Replica – Unknown airworthy with the Vintage Aviator Collection in [[Masterton]], New Zealand. It was originally built by Carl Swanson for Gerry Thornhill. It is powered by a 160 hp [[Gnome Monosoupape]] rotary engine and is painted as ''B3889''.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
* Replica – F.1 on static display at the [[Canadian Museum of Flight]] in [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley, British Columbia]]. Lacking an engine, a full reproduction 130 hp rotary engine has been installed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canadianflight.org/content/sopwith-camel-replica|title=Sopwith Camel Replica|website=The Canadian Museum of Flight|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 on static display at the [[Aviation Heritage Museum (Western Australia)|Aviation Heritage Museum]] in [[Bull Creek, Western Australia]]. The engine is original and the propeller is suspected to also be genuine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sopwith F.1 Camel|url=http://www.raafawa.org.au/museum/replicas/item/231-sopwith-f-1-camel|website=Aviation Heritage Museum|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 airworthy at the [[Shuttleworth Collection]] in [[Old Warden|Old Warden, Bedfordshire]]. It was built by the Northern Aeroplane Workshops.<ref>{{cite web |title= Sopwith Camel |url= http://www.shuttleworth.org/collection/sopwithcamel|website=Shuttleworth|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Civil Aviation Authority [G-BZSC]|url=https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/modalapplication.aspx?appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=BZSC|website=Civil Aviation Authority|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 under construction by Koz Aero in [[Comstock Park, Michigan]]. It is based on original factory drawings and using many original parts, including an original engine and instruments.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kozura|first1=Tom|title=Sopwith F1 Camel|url=http://www.kozaero.com/sopwith-f1-camel.html|website=Koz Aero|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= FAA Registry [N6557]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=6557|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 under construction by John S. Shaw. It has an original Clerget 9B 130 CV engine.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=John S.|title=Sopwith Camel Introduction|url=http://www.johnsshawaviation.co.uk/wordpress/sopwith-camel-f1-2/sopwith-camel-introduction|website=John S Shaw Aviation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=John S.|title=Le Clerget 9ba rotary engine|url=http://www.johnsshawaviation.co.uk/wordpress/le-clerget-9ba-rotary-engine|website=John S Shaw Aviation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 under construction by John S. Shaw. It has a new build Gnome Monosoupape 9B-2 100 hp engine.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=John S.|title=F-AZZB|url=http://www.johnsshawaviation.co.uk/wordpress/sopwith-camel-f1-2/sopwith-camel-f1-project-for-sale|website=John S Shaw Aviation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=John S.|title=Gnome|url=http://www.johnsshawaviation.co.uk/wordpress/gnome|website=John S Shaw Aviation|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 on static display at [[Montrose Air Station Museum]] in [[Montrose, Angus]]. It is painted and marked as B7320 flown by [[John Todd (RAF officer)|Captain John Todd]] of [[No. 70 Squadron RAF|70 Squadron]] [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Heritage Centre Layout|url=http://rafmontrose.org.uk/exhibits-2|website=Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre|date=21 February 2016 |publisher=Ian McIntosh Memorial Trust|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>
* Replica – F.1 on static display at [[Museum of Flight|The Museum of Flight]] near Seattle, Washington.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/sopwith-camel-f1reproduction|title=Sopwith Camel F.1 Reproduction|website=The Museum of Flight|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref>
* Assumed replica – on static display at the Australian Army Flying Museum at Oakey, Queensland. https://www.armyflyingmuseum.com.au/

==Specifications (F.1 Camel)==
[[File:Sopwith F.1 Camel drawing.jpg|thumb|Sopwith F.1 Camel drawing]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Quest for Performance,<ref>Loftin, LK, Jr. [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-468/cover.htm "Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. NASA SP-468".] ''NASA.'' Retrieved: 22 April 2006.</ref> Profile Publications<ref name = "bruce 12">Bruce 1965, p. 12.</ref>
|prime units?=imp

|crew=1
|length ft=18
|length in=9
|span ft=28
|span in=0
|height ft=8
|height in=6
|wing area sqft=231
|aspect ratio=4.11
|airfoil=RAF 16<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight lb=930
|gross weight lb=1453
|max takeoff weight lb=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
* '''[[Zero-lift drag coefficient]]:''' CD0.0378
* '''Frontal area:''' {{convert|8.73|sqft|m2}}

|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Clerget 9B]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled [[rotary engine|rotary]] piston engine
|eng1 hp=130

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed-pitch wooden propeller
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|prop dia note=

|max speed mph=113
|stall speed mph=48
|range miles=300
|combat range miles=
|ferry range miles=
|endurance=
|ceiling ft=19000
|climb rate ftmin=1085
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=7.7
|wing loading lb/sqft=6.3
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.09|hp/lb}}

|guns=2 × {{cvt|0.303|in|2}} [[Vickers machine guns]]
|avionics=
}}

==Notable appearances in media==
[[Biggles]] flies a Sopwith Camel in the novels by [[W. E. Johns]] during Biggles's spell in 266 Squadron during the First World War. The first collection of Biggles stories, titled ''The Camels are Coming'', was published in 1932. The first two collections of stories (broken into three books in Australia) were all true stories or events, lightly fictionalised—some of them are identifiable in official war records, e.g., the accidental discovery of a major camouflaged airfield when rescuing a downed pilot.<ref name = Butts>{{cite book |last = Butts | first = D | editor1-first= T |editor1-last= Watkins |editor2-first = D | editor2-last = Jones |title=A Necessary Fantasy?: The Heroic Figure in Children's Popular Culture |publisher=[[Routledge|Garland Publishing]] | chapter = Biggles – Hero of the Air |location=New York |year=2000 |pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=3UTyDNVjYxoC&pg=PA137 137–152] |isbn=0-8153-1844-8 }}</ref>

The Sopwith Camel was featured as a flyable aircraft in the [[Microsoft Flight Simulator]] series, starting with [[Microsoft Flight Simulator 1.0]], released in November 1982.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VKjwnGrhNwC&pg=PA508 | title=Into the Wild Blue Yonder with Microsoft Flight Simulator 3.0 | accessdate=21 November 2024 | author=Jeff Prosise | date=31 October 1988 | publisher=PC Mag | pages=508}}</ref> Microsoft Flight Simulator 2002 was the last version to include the Sopwith Camel with the game.

The Camel is the "plane" of [[Snoopy]] in the ''[[Peanuts]]'' comic strip, when he imagines himself as a World War I flying ace and the nemesis of the [[Manfred von Richthofen|Red Baron]].<ref>Murphy and McNiece 2003, p. 87.</ref>

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Albatros D.V]]
* [[Fokker Dr.I]]
* [[Fokker D.VI]]
* [[Fokker D.VII]]
* [[Hanriot HD.1]]
* [[Nieuport 24]]
* [[Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5]]
* [[SPAD S.XIII]]
* [[Vickers F.B.19]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force]]
* [[List of aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps]]
* [[List of aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service]]
* [[List of fighter aircraft]]
|see also=
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|40em}}
* Bowyer, Chaz. ''Sopwith Camel: King of Combat''. Falmouth, Cornwall, UK: Glasney Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-9502825-7-X}}.
* Bruce, J.M. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200527.html "Sopwith Camel: Historic Military Aircraft No 10: Part I."] ''[[Flight International|Flight]]'', 22 April 1955, pp. 527–532.
* Bruce, J.M. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200560.html "Sopwith Camel: Historic Military Aircraft No 10: Part II."] ''[[Flight International|Flight]]'', 29 April 1955. pp. 560–563.
* Bruce, J.M. "Aircraft Profile No. 31. The Sopwith Camel F.1" ''Profile Publications'', 1965.
* Bruce, J.M. ''War Planes of the First World War: Volume Two Fighters''. London:Macdonald, 1968. {{ISBN|0-356-01473-8}}.
* Clark, Alan. ''Aces High: The War in the Air Over The Western Front 1914 – 1918''. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1973. {{ISBN|0-297-99464-6}}.
*{{cite magazine|last1=Cony|first1=Christophe|title=Une déception: les Sopwith Camel belges|magazine=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 1999 |issue=73 |pages=19–23 |trans-title=A Disappointment: The Belgian Sopwith Camels|language=French |issn=1243-8650}}
* Davis, Mick. ''Sopwith Aircraft''. Ramsbury, Malborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 1999. {{ISBN|1-86126-217-5}}.
* Ellis, Ken. ''Wrecks & Relics, 21st edition''. Manchester, UK: Crecy Publishing, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-85979-134-2}}.
* Franks, Norman ''Images of War – Sopwith Camels Over Italy 1917-18''. London: Pen and Sword, 2018. {{ISBN|1-52672-309-3}}
*{{cite magazine|last1=Gerdessen|first1=F|title=Round-Out: More Windfalls |magazine=Air Enthusiast |date=July–August 1999|issue=82|pages=79–80|issn=0143-5450}}
* Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]'', No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
* Guttman, Jon: "Sopwith Camel (Air Vanguard; 3)". Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-78096-176-7}}.
* Jackson, A.J. ''British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972: Volume III''. London: Putnam, 1988. {{ISBN|0-85177-818-6}}.
* Jackson, Robert. ''Infamous Aircraft – Dangerous Designs and their Vices''. Barnsley, UK:Pen and Sword, 2005. {{ISBN|978-1-84415-172-1}}.
* Jackson, Robert. ''Britain's Greatest Aircraft''. Pen and Sword, 2007. {{ISBN|1-84415-600-1}}.
*{{cite magazine|last1=Klaauw|first1=Bart van der|title=Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War |magazine=Air Enthusiast |date=March–April 1999 |issue=80 |pages=54–59 |issn=0143-5450}}
* Leinburger, Ralf. ''Fighter: Technology, Facts, History''. London: Parragon Inc., 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-40549-575-2}}.
* Mason, Francis K. ''The British Fighter''. London: Putnam, 1992. {{ISBN|0 85177 852 6}}
* Murphy, Justin D. and Matthew A. McNiece. ''Military Aircraft, 1919-1945: An Illustrated History of their Impact''. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2009. {{ISBN|1-85109-498-9}}.
* Ralph, Wayne. ''Barker VC: The Classic Story of a Legendary First World War Hero''. London: Grub Street, 1999. {{ISBN|1-902304-31-4}}.
* Robertson, Bruce. ''Sopwith: The Man and His Aircraft''. London: Harleyford, 1970. {{ISBN|0-900435-15-1}}.
* Sturtivant, Ray and Gordon Page. ''The Camel File''. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1993. {{ISBN|0-85130-212-2}}.
* Thomas, Andrew. "In the Footsteps of Daedulus: Early Greek Naval Aviation". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 94, July–August 2001, pp. 8–9. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}
* ''United States Air Force Museum Guidebook''. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
* Williams, Anthony G. and Emmanuel Gustin. ''Flying Guns: World War I and its Aftermath 1914–32''. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: Airlife, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84037-396-2}}.
* Winchester, Jim, ed. "Sopwith Camel." ''Biplanes, Triplanes and Seaplanes'' (Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books plc, 2004. {{ISBN|1-84013-641-3}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150405033416/http://oldrhinebeck.org/ORA/sopwith-camel Cole Palen/Nat deFlavia reproduction Camel at Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome]
* [http://www.airminded.net/camel/camel.html Camel photos and links to museums with Camels]
* [http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/Sopwith2F1Camel/ Canadian Aviation Museum Camel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926184734/http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/Sopwith2F1Camel/ |date=26 September 2008 }}
* [http://wio.ru/ww1a/sopwith.htm Sopwith fighters in Russia]
* [http://www.airdromeaeroplanes.com/sopwithcamel.html Sopwith Camel Replica Kit from Airdrome Aeroplanes]

{{Sopwith Aviation Company aircraft}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1910s British fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Sopwith aircraft|Camel]]
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