Duke of Chandos

2025-10-17T19:46:03Z

24.52.77.166:

{{Short description|Title in the Peerage of England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox nobility title|name= Dukedom of Chandos|creation_date=1337 (first creation)
1554 (second creation)
1719 (elevation to dukedom)|monarch=[[Edward III]] (first creation
[[Mary I of England|Mary I]] (second creation
[[George I of Great Britain|George I]] (elevation)|peerage=[[Peerage of England]]|first_holder=Roger de Chandos, 1st Baron Chandos|last_holder=[[James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos]]|extinction_date=1789|subsidiary_titles=
Marquess of Carnarvon

Marquess of Chandos

Viscount Wilton

Baron Chandos of Sudeley

Lord of Kinloss
|motto="maintien le droit" (uphold the right)|former_seat=[[Sudeley Castle]], [[Gloucestershire]]
[[Cannons (house)|Cannons House]], [[Middlesex]]
[[Chandos House]], [[London]]|image=[[File:Family crest of Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos (1764).jpg|center|270px]]|caption=Arms of Brydges, Dukes of Chandos}}
The '''Dukedom of Chandos''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|æ|n|ˌ|d|ɒ|s|,_|ˈ|ʃ|ɑː|n|ˌ|d|ɒ|s}} was a title in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]], named for a fief in Normandy.<ref>Thomas Forester, annotation to ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'' by Ordericus Vitalis (H.G. Bohn, 1856), p. 69, n. 1: "The original seat of the family of Chandos was a fief lying at the junction of the communes of Catelon, Illeville, and Flancourt, the etymology of the name being ''Campi Dorsum''."</ref> The Chandos peerage was first created as a barony by [[Edward III]] in 1337; its second creation in 1554 was due to the Brydges family's service to [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] during [[Wyatt's rebellion]], when she also gave them [[Sudeley Castle]]. The 9th Baron of the second creation was elevated to the dukedom in 1719, but after his grandson's death without male heirs, his titles all became extinct (the 1337 creation having previously become abeyant in 1602 upon the death of the 3rd Baron of the second creation without male issue).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/completepeerageo03coka#page/132/mode/2up/search/Chandos Complete Peerage, 2nd edition, Vol 3, P 127]</ref>

==History==
A Robert de Chandos went to [[Ireland]] with King John [[John's first expedition to Ireland|in 1185]]. His son Roger in 1221 received licence to hold a fair at [[Fownhope]] in 1221. The son of this Roger, another Robert de Chandos (d. 1302), participated in the [[Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England|Welsh expedition]] of [[Edward I]]. The son of Robert, Roger de Chandos, served in the [[First War of Scottish Independence|Scottish wars]] of [[Edward II]] and received a knighthood. In 1321, he was sheriff of [[Herefordshire]]. He was succeeded by Thomas de Chandos.<ref name=Cleveland>[[Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland]], ''The Battle Abbey Roll'' vol. 1 (1889), s.v. "Chaundos".</ref>

Thomas was succeeded by his brother Roger de Chandos (''Rogerus de Chaundos''). Roger was made knight banneret by Edward III. It was this Roger who was summoned to [[Parliament of England|Parliament]], and who was cited as Baron de Chandos between 1337 (11th year of [[Edward III]]) and 1355, counting as the first creation of the title.<ref>Thomas Christopher Banks, ''Baronia Anglica Concentrata'' (1844), [https://books.google.com/books?id=670sAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA151 p. 151].</ref> Roger was succeeded by his son Thomas, who was in turn succeeded by his son John. Neither of these were summoned to Parliament, and are thus not named Baron Chandos explicitly, but counted as ''[[de jure]]'' 2nd and 3rd Barons Chandos, respectively. John, who defended [[Hereford Castle]] against [[Owain Glyndŵr]] in 1403, died without issue in 1428. The Chandos estates in Herefordshire passed to the surviving daughter of John's sister Elizabeth, wife of Nicholas Mattesden, and eventually to his great nephew Giles Brugge, ''de jure'' 4th Baron Chandos (son of Edward Brugge and Alice de Berkeley, whose mother was Margaret de Chandos). He became father to [[Thomas Brugge, 5th Baron Chandos]] (d. 1493).<ref name=Cleveland/> Thomas' son, [[Giles Brugge, 6th Baron Chandos]] (d. 1511), held the office of [[High Sheriff of Gloucestershire]] for 1499.

[[File:James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos by Michael Dahl.jpg|right|250px|thumb|A portrait of [[James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos|the 1st Duke of Chandos]] by [[Michael Dahl]]]]
[[File:Wappen Duke of Chandos.png|thumb|right|250px|Arms of Brydges, Dukes of Chandos: Argent, on a cross sable a leopard's face Or<ref>''Argent, on a cross sable a leopard's face Or; Crest: Out of a duke's coronet the bust of an old man in profile habited paly argent and gules semy of roundels counterchanged, the collar ermine, wreathed about the temples argent and sable and capped Or; Supporters: two otters argent; Mantling: Gules and ermine; Motto: Maintien Le Droit, winged skull in base.''s http://www.middlesex-heraldry.org.uk/publications/monographs/mdxchurches.pdf Middlesex Heraldry Society 1995</ref>]]

The son of Giles Brugge, [[John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos|John Brydges]] (d. 1557), was summoned to Parliament for [[Gloucestershire (UK Parliament constituency)|Gloucestershire]] at some point before 1554. In 1554, he was given [[Sudeley Castle]] and created ''Baron Chandos'', ''of Sudeley in the county of Gloucester'', by [[Mary I|Queen Mary I]], in the second creation of the title.

The three succeeding barons were all [[Member of Parliament|Members of Parliament]] and persons of some importance—particularly [[Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos|Grey, 5th Baron]], and his elder son [[George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos|George, 6th Baron]]. George had six daughters but no sons, and after the death of his brother William in 1676 the barony came to a kinsman, [[James Brydges, 8th Baron Chandos|Sir James Brydges, Bart.]], who was English ambassador to [[Constantinople]] from 1680 to 1685.

The eighth baron's eldest son, [[James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos|James Brydges]] (1674–1744), succeeded his father as ninth Baron Chandos in 1714. In the same year, he was created [[Earl of Carnarvon]] (second creation) and Duke of Chandos in 1719. Subsidiary titles included ''Marquess of Carnarvon'' (1719) and ''Viscount Wilton'' (1714). All of these titles were in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]].

The 1st Duke built an exceptionally grand country house called [[Cannons (house)|Cannons]] in [[Little Stanmore]], [[Middlesex]], that, though it was parodied in his lifetime, was a seat of great learning and culture: [[Handel]] was the resident composer from 1717 until 1719. Brydges' Cannons was demolished after his death, to pay the debts he incurred in the [[South Sea Bubble]] disaster, and by his son.{{clarify|date=September 2019}} It was replaced by a modest villa built by William Hallett, and Cannons is now occupied by [[North London Collegiate School]], whose archives contain some information on the duke, his second wife Cassandra Willoughby, and subsequent owners of Cannons. Author [[Jane Austen]] was descended from his sister Mary.

With the death of the third duke in 1789, the titles became extinct, and the barony became dormant. An attempt was made by [[Samuel Egerton Brydges]] to claim the barony, initially on behalf of his older brother Edward Tymewell Brydges and then on his own behalf. Litigation lasted from 1790 to 1803 before the claims were rejected, but Egerton Brydges continued to style himself ''per legem terrae Baron Chandos of Sudeley''. It seems likely that not only was the claim groundless but that the evidence was forged.

==List of title holders==
===Barons Chandos, first creation (1337)===
The title is spelt 'Chaundos' in the Complete Peerage.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/completepeerageo03coka#page/146/mode/2up/search/Chandos 2nd edition, volume 3, P147]</ref>
*Roger de Chandos, 1st Baron Chandos (d. 1353) was probably 1st Lord Chandos.
*Thomas Chandos, 2nd Baron Chandos (c. 1333–1375) (claimant)
*John Chandos, 3rd Baron Chandos (c. 1349–1428) (claimant) (peerage abeyant 1428)
*[[Giles Brugge, 4th Baron Chandos]] (1396–1467) (abeyance terminated 1458, on the death of his cousin)
*[[Thomas Brugge, 5th Baron Chandos]] ''de jure'' (1427–30 January 1493)
*[[Giles Brugge, 6th Baron Chandos]] (c. 1462–1 December 1511)

Most sources{{Which|date=July 2018}} read that the title became extinct upon the death of the 1st Lord, although others, such as the Complete Peerage, include the further holders listed above. The presumed 2nd Lord Chandos was [[High Sheriff of Herefordshire]] for 1359, 1370 and 1372 and the presumed 3rd Lord Chandos served the same office for 1382.

===Barons Chandos, second creation (1554)===
*[[John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos]] (1492–1557) is sometimes listed as ''de jure'' 7th Lord Chandos of the 1337 creation<ref>[http://www.thepeerage.com/p268.htm#i2678 The Peerage — John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos of Sudeley]</ref> Son of 6th Baron of the preceding creation.
*[[Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos]] (bef. 1522–1573) eldest son of the 1st Baron
*[[Giles Brydges, 3rd Baron Chandos]] (1548–1594), elder son of the 2nd Baron, died without male issue
*[[William Brydges, 4th Baron Chandos]] (c. 1552–1602), younger son of the 2nd Baron
*[[Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos]] (c. 1581–1621), only son of the 4th Baron
*[[George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos]] (1620–1655), elder son of the 5th Baron, died without male issue
*[[William Brydges, 7th Baron Chandos]] (d. 1676), younger son of the 5th Baron, died without male issue
*[[James Brydges, 8th Baron Chandos]] (1642–1714), great-great-grandson of the 1st Baron
*[[James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos|James Brydges, 9th Baron Chandos]] (1673–1744; created '''Earl of Carnarvon''' in 1714 and '''Duke of Chandos''' in 1719)

===Dukes of Chandos (1719)===
*[[James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos]] (1673–1744), eldest son of the 8th Baron
**[[John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon]] (1703–1727), elder son of the 1st Duke, died without male issue
*[[Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos]] (1708–1771), younger son of the 1st Duke
*[[James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos]] (1731–1789), only son of the 2nd Duke, died without male issue. His titles, other than the [[Lord Kinloss|Lordship of Kinloss]], became extinct.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/completepeerageo03coka#page/132/mode/2up/search/Chandos Complete Peerage, 2nd edition, Vol 3, P 133]</ref>
:''The 3rd Duke's son-in-law, the 2nd Marquess of Buckingham, was created [[Duke of Buckingham and Chandos]] in 1822.''

==See also==
*[[Duke of Buckingham and Chandos]]
*[[Viscount Chandos]]
*[[John Chandos]] Knight, supported Edward the Black Prince, d 1369

==References==
<references />
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Chandos, Barons and Dukes of |volume=5 |pages=838–839}}
*''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'' '''162''' (1837) pp. 534–535.
*[http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/ www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk]

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110519000142/http://www.dicamillocompanion.com/Houses_hgpm.asp?ID=4419 Cannons entry from The DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandos}}
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:1337 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1719]]
[[Category:Brydges/Brugge family]]

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Duke of Chandos