Anne Elliot

2024-11-25T15:50:46Z

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{{for|the English writer|Anne Elliot (novelist)}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Anne Elliot
| series = [[Jane Austen]]
| image = Anne_lisant.jpg
| caption = Anne Elliot as drawn by [[C.E. Brock]] (1909)
| gender = Female
| family = Sir Walter Elliot, Baronet (father)
| home = Kellynch Hall
}}
'''Anne Elliot''' is the protagonist of [[Jane Austen]]'s sixth and last completed novel, ''[[Persuasion (novel)|Persuasion]]'' (1817).

Anne Elliot was persuaded, when she was 19 years old, to break off her engagement with [[Frederick Wentworth (Persuasion)|Frederick Wentworth]], a promising young lieutenant in the [[Royal Navy]] but a commoner without fortune, and she has never married. Lonely, unloved by a stuck-up and pretentious father and older sister, and little considered by a family circle incapable of recognising her value, she leads a dull life of an almost-[[old maid]]. However, 7 or 8 years after the [[Napoleonic Wars|naval war with France]] ended, in September 1814, Frederick Wentworth, whom she has never forgotten, returns to England having earned prestige and fortune in the navy. The first contacts are painful. He has retained an image of her as a person too easily influenced, and she sees clearly that he is still angry with her. But seven years on, she has matured and gained enough independence from her family and social circle to choose her friends and her future.

The posthumously-published novel by Jane Austen presents the portrait of an independent spirit, a young, intelligent and melancholic woman, sensitive and attentive to others, who regains her self-confidence when she is given a second chance to find happiness, a very different happiness from other Austenian heroines, since she marries neither a land owner nor a clergyman, but a ship's captain. She would be "proud of being the wife of a sailor" but she would also know its anxieties and its sorrows. She is considered the most lucid and responsible Austenian heroine and the reader is privy in a special way to her thoughts, which are of an exactitude and a perceptiveness unparalleled in the heroines of previous novels.<ref>Lydia Martin 2007, p. 205</ref>

==Introduction==
Jane Austen, in a letter to her niece [[Fanny Knight]] dated 13 March 1816, after reminding her how "Pictures of perfection, as you know, make me sick and wicked", mentions the heroine of the novel she is in the process of writing, with some irony: "You may ''perhaps'' like the heroine, as she is almost too good for me."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/brablt15.html#letter84|title = Jane Austen -- Letters -- Brabourne Edition -- Letters to Fanny Knight, 1814-1816}}</ref>

Anne is both the main character in ''Persuasion'' and the secondary narrator. Indeed, only her view of events is available to the reader.<ref>Jane Austen (prefaced by [[Gillian Beer]]), Persuasion, Penguin Classics, 2003 {{ISBN|978-0-14-143968-6}} p. xxiii</ref> None of the heroines of the prior novels is as visibly the center of convergence of the action and the main point of view, since the narrator does not openly pull the strings of the plot and avoids directing irony at Anne. On the contrary, it is she who perceives the events and the people with much finesse, a keen sense of observation and analysis, and most of the time it is from her that the reader learns the details of the plot; it is on her alone, to whom the author gives complete freedom to express her feelings and her unwavering commitment to Wentworth, that the resolution ultimately depends.<ref>Lydia Martin 2007, p. 69</ref>

==Description==
[[File:2pers-01.jpg|thumb|alt=Colour illustration: A young lawyer stands at the left with a conceited air, Sir Walter sits at a desk.|At fifty-four years old, Sir Walter remained extremely vain of his person and his situation.]]
Anne is the overlooked middle daughter of a [[Narcissism|narcissistic]] and extravagant baronet, Sir Walter Elliot of Kellynch Hall. The oldest of Jane Austen's heroines, she is 26 or 27 years old at the beginning of the novel and is seemingly a confirmed [[spinster]].<ref>[[Claire Tomalin|Tomalin, Claire]]. ''Jane Austen: A Life''. New York: Vintage, 1997, p. 256</ref> Her mother is dead, her father, Sir Walter and older sister, Elizabeth are vain and selfish. Her younger sister, Mary, is a manipulative [[Hypochondriasis|hypochondriac]], but not quite so beyond Anne's influence as Elizabeth. With few to appreciate her sweet nature and refined, elegant mind, Anne is somewhat isolated, living in a narrow social sphere where she "was nobody with either father or sister; her word had no weight; her convenience was always to give way; she was only Anne."<ref>Austen, Jane. ''Persuasion''. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1894, pp. 8-9</ref>

Lady Russell, her late mother's best friend, is Anne's only real confidante; and although Lady Russell means well and usually shows good judgment, she tends to put great value on social position when forming her opinions. This preference has caused Anne great sorrow: eight years before, Lady Russell persuaded her to break off an engagement with an ambitious, promising young naval officer named Frederick Wentworth— a man whom Anne loved passionately—on the grounds that his poverty, lack of social rank and connections made him an unsuitable choice.

Anne has never fully recovered from the heartbreak, and begins ''Persuasion'' as a sad figure, disregarded by her father, "wretchedly altered" in looks, looked down upon by her elder sister and resigned to an empty life. When Captain Wentworth, now rich from [[prize money]], returns from the [[Napoleonic Wars]] to visit the neighbourhood, Anne is at first pained; however, his presence gradually sets her life in motion again.

==Literary significance==
''Persuasion'' manifests a significant shift in Austen's attitude toward inherited wealth and rank.<ref>[[Tony Tanner (scholar)|Tanner, Tony]]. "In Between: ''Persuasion''". ''Jane Austen'', Harvard University Press, 1986, pp. 208-249</ref> Elsewhere in her writing, salvation for the heroine comes in the form of marriage to a well-born gentleman, preferably wealthy and at least her equal in social consequence. [[Elizabeth Bennet]] (''[[Pride and Prejudice]]''), for example, who has little money of her own, refuses the hand of a financially secure but unbearable young clergyman; befriends briefly a penniless (and, as it turns out, utterly worthless) army officer; and finally marries [[Mr. Darcy|Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy]], who has a great estate, a [[Normans|Norman]]-sounding name, and £10,000 a year. [[Emma Woodhouse]] (''[[Emma (novel)|Emma]]''), already wealthy and secure, marries 37-year-old [[George Knightley]], a man not only from her own class, but from her extended family; and [[Marianne Dashwood]] (''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'') loses her heart to a charming young wastrel, but then marries the virtuous [[Colonel Brandon]], a man of property twice her age. Anne Elliot's "true attachment and constancy" to a dashing, self-made young outsider distinguishes her from all other Austen heroines.

In ''Persuasion,'' hereditary [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocracy]] is held up to ridicule: the 'eligible' suitor, Mr. Elliot, turns out to be a scoundrel, while the village patriarch, Sir Walter Elliot, is not only "foolish" and "spendthrift" but also absurdly proud of his [[baronet]]cy. To fill the void, Austen sets up a sort of rising [[meritocracy]] made up of successful officers in the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>Green, Sarah K. "A state of alteration, perhaps of improvement", May 1, 2003 (undergraduate essay, [[Brown University]]) [http://www.jasna.org/essaycontest/2003/undergraduate.html (full text)]</ref> Sir Walter and his daughter Elizabeth cede their position as landed gentry when they let Kellynch Hall to Admiral Croft. As Austen makes clear, these Elliots are unworthy of their high social status; they are also unworthy of Anne, a natural aristocrat who languishes, disregarded, until she reunites with Captain Wentworth. In effect, Anne escapes from her meaningless life as an Elliot to join the Navy.

Lady Russell overvalues inherited social class and so underestimates Wentworth and nearly cheats Anne of her only chance of happiness. When circumstances prove both the captain's worthiness and the corresponding worthlessness of fellow suitor Mr. Elliot, Lady Russell herself—the very voice of benevolent propriety—has to "admit that she had been pretty completely wrong and to take up a new set of opinions and hopes."<ref>Austen, Jane. ''Persuasion''; quoted in Tony Tanner's "In Between: 'Persuasion'", ibid., p. 248</ref>

==Film and TV portrayals==
[[File:Sally Hawkins (2007).jpg|right|thumb|Sally Hawkins, while filming ''Persuasion''.]]
*1960: [[Daphne Slater]], [[Persuasion (1960 series)|BBC series]]
*1971: [[Ann Firbank|Anne Firbank]], BBC series ''[[Persuasion (1971 series)|Persuasion]]''
*1995: [[Amanda Root]], made-for-television ''[[Persuasion (1995 film)|Persuasion]]''
*2007: [[Sally Hawkins]], ITV1 ''[[Persuasion (2007 film)|Persuasion]]''
*2022: [[Dakota Johnson]], Netflix film ''[[Persuasion (2022 film)|Persuasion]]''

==References==
{{Portal|Novels|Literature}}
{{reflist}}

* {{cite wikisource |title=Persuasion |wslink=Persuasion |last=Austen |first=Jane |authorlink=Jane Austen |year=1818}}
* {{cite wikisource |title=Sanditon And Other Miscellanea |wslink=Sanditon And Other Miscellanea |chapter=Cancelled Chapter of Persuasion |last=Austen |first=Jane |authorlink=Jane Austen |year=1934}}
* Lydia Martin, Les adaptations à l'écran des romans de Jane Austen: esthétique et idéologie, [Screen Adaptations of the Novels of Jane Austen: Aesthetics and Ideology,] L'Harmattan Edition, 2007, 270 p. {{ISBN|9782296039018}}
*{{cite book|last1=Kirkham|first1=Margaret|title=Jane Austen, Feminism and Fiction|date=1986|publisher=The Harvester Press|location=Brighton|isbn=0710807503|pages=144–160|chapter=Persuasion and Sanditon}}

{{Persuasion}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Elliot, Anne}}
[[Category:Persuasion characters]]
[[Category:Literary characters introduced in 1818]]
[[Category:Fictional gentry]]
[[Category:Female characters in literature]]

Francia (disambiguation)

2024-06-10T19:26:00Z

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{{Wiktionarypar|Francia|francia}}
'''[[Francia]]''' was the Kingdom of the [[Franks]]. '''Francia''' may also refer to:
* [[Latin]] name for [[France]] (used, for example, in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Galician language|Galician]], etc.)
* [[Francia (river)]], a river in Castile and León, Spain
* [[Francia (film)|''Francia'' (film)]], a 2009 Argentina film
* [[La Francia]], coal mine in Colombia owned by the Goldman Sachs Group.
* [[Francia (Mexico City Metrobús)]], a BRT station in Mexico City
* [[Francia metro station]], in Valparaíso, Chile
*[[Francia (ship)|Francia]], a ship that was wrecked off the coast of Madagascar in 2021

== People ==
* [[Francesco Francia]] (1447–1517), Italian artist from Bologna
* [[José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia]] (1766–1840), Paraguayan dictator
* [[Juan Pablo Francia]] (born 1984), Argentinian footballer
* [[Mirka Francia]] (born 1975), Cuban-Italian volleyball player
* [[Paolo Francia]] (1901–????), Italian biathlete
* [[Peter de Francia]] (1921–2012), Italian-British artist
* [[Peter L. Francia]] (born 1974), American political scientist
* [[Francia Jackson]] (born 1975), Dominican Republic volleyball player
* [[Francia Raisa]], American actress
{{disambiguation|given name|surname}}

Manimal (band)

2024-05-01T20:39:37Z

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{{about|the French death metal band|the short-lived 1983 American TV series|Manimal}}
{{Short description|French death metal band}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Manimal
| background = group_or_band
| origin = [[Toulouse]], [[France]]
| genre = [[Death metal]] [[Thrash metal]]
| years_active = 2003–2012
| label = Toulousain Jerkov
| associated_acts = [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]], [[Psykup]], [[Leiden (band)|Leiden]], [[Sailenth]]
| current_members = Julien Cassarino - Vocals David Castel - Guitar Ludovic Deny - Guitar Fabrice Soula - Bass Guitar Brice Sansonetto - drums
}}
'''Manimal''' is a French [[death metal]] band from [[Toulouse]], comprising members of [[Psykup]], [[Leiden (band)|Leiden]] and [[Sailenth]]. The band members define their music as a cross between [[Faith No More]] and [[Cannibal Corpse]], and have subsequently called their musical style "Open Death", a more avant-garde and musically progressive subgenre when compared to the music of more classical [[death metal]] acts.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}

==Biography==
The band was formed in June 2003, and played together for a short time before recording their first demo, consisting of four tracks which would appear on their following album, ''Eros and Thanatos'', which came out in 2004 and met with some success. The band began their first national tour, returning to the studio after a year to record their second album, ''Succube'', which was released at the end of 2005.

Both albums were recorded at [[Studio des Milans]] in [[Ondres]], [[Landes (department)|Landes]] the same recording studio used by [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]]. Joe from [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]] appeared as a guest vocalist on the track ''Dead Meat'' on ''Eros & Thanatos''.

After seven years, the band came back with the ''Multiplicity'' album in 2012, which they announced would be their last: they plan to disband after their last shows of 2012 due to the departure of their guitarist and main composer David Castel.<ref>[http://www.vs-webzine.com/METAL.php?page=INTERVIEW&id_news=1489&droite= Interview of Julien Cassarino] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> A fan page has been created to call him back in the band, called the ''Manimal Shepherd''<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/ManimalSheperd The Manimal Shepherd fan page] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> and referring to the [[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] association supported, among others, by the band [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]].

==Discography==
* ''Eros & Thanatos'' (2004)
* ''Succube'' (2005)
* ''Multiplicity'' (2012)

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
*[http://www.french-metal.com/chroniques/manimal.html French-Metal.com review of all releases] {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://www.w-fenec.org/metal/manimal.html Review of ''Eros & Thanatos'' and ''Succube''] {{in lang|fr}}

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[[Category:Musical groups from Occitania (administrative region)]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2003]]

wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Anne Elliot

Francia (disambiguation)

Manimal (band)