Cheonhado

2024-09-29T13:31:06Z

2.36.97.141:

{{Short description|Circular world map}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|img=Korean atlas-Cheonhado-01.jpg
|caption=''Cheonhado'', Korean circular world map.
|hangul=천하도
|hanja={{linktext|天|下|圖}}
|rr=Cheonhado
|mr=Ch'ŏnhado
}}
The '''Cheonhado''' ({{Korean|hangul=천하도|hanja={{linktext|天|下|圖}}|lit=Map of [[Tianxia|the world beneath the heavens]]}}), or sometimes '''Cheonha jeondo''' ({{Korean|hangul=천하전도|hanja={{linktext|天|下|全|圖}}|lit=Complete map of the world beneath the heavens|labels=no}}), is a peculiar type of circular world map developed in [[Korea]] during the 17th century. It is based on the Korean term for map, ''jido'', translated roughly as "land picture".<ref>[[Short, John Rennie]]. ''[https://archive.org/details/worldthroughmaps00shor The World Through Maps]'' (Firefly Books, 2003) pg.81</ref>

==Description==
The ''Cheonhado'' 9 maps were made in response to the encounter with the geographical knowledge of the West, but based in content on traditional Asian sources and Asian in style. The structure of the maps consists of an internal continent with historical place names, an internal sea with place names connected to descriptions of [[Taoist]] immortality, an external continent, and an external sea.<ref>Oh Sang-Hak, p.1</ref> Surprisingly, the maps did not reflect the highest levels of geographic knowledge available to Koreans, but this is not likely to be intentional.<ref>Suarez, Thomas. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7ZMAbv_jAC Early Mapping Of Southeast Asia]'' (Tuttle Publishing, 1999) pg. 50</ref> Some of this was due to the nautical distance between Korea and other East Asian locales affected the mapmakers perceptions of Asia. Similarly, European mapmakers of the day often treated Korea as an island.

Some scholars have attributed the development of Korean circular world maps to Western influence, such as the maps of [[Matteo Ricci]] (''[[Kunyu Wanguo Quantu]]'') or the maps of [[Giulio Aleni]] (''[[Wanguo Quantu]]''). In this case, the central landmass can be viewed as a combination of [[Asia]], [[Africa]], and [[Europe]], and the external "ring" continent as [[North America]] and [[South America]].<ref>Oh Sang-Hak, p.16-17</ref>

Such maps were produced in Korea only, and have not been found in [[China]] or [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&MAS_IDX=101013000705715|title=Cheonhado (천하도 天下圖) |publisher=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]] |language=ko |access-date=2021-11-27 |quote=중국·일본 등에서는 찾아볼 수 없는 한국 고유의 세계지도이다. }}</ref>

The Cheonhado remained popular in Korea until the late 19th century.<ref>Suarez pg.50</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Cheonhado_天下圖_Color.jpg|A coloured ''Cheonhado''.
Image:Cheonhado Readable.jpg|Another ''Cheonhado'' map.
Image:Cheonhado 天下圖.jpg|Another ''Cheonhado''.
Image:Cheonhado_Map.jpg|''Cheonhado'', a 17th-century Korean circular world map.
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Shanhai Yudi Quantu]]
*[[Wanguo Quantu]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Oh Sang-Hak ''Circular World Maps of the Joseon Dynasty'', KOREA JOURNAL, Spring 2008 [https://web.archive.org/web/20080723222157/http://www.ekoreajournal.net/free_pdf/4801/2OSH.PDF Pdf]
*{{cite book |last=Short |first=John Rennie |title=The World Through Maps: A History of Cartography |url=https://archive.org/details/worldthroughmaps00shor |url-access=registration |quote=ch'onhado. |access-date=2008-07-31 |chapter=Map of the Far East |year=2003 |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-811-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldthroughmaps00shor/page/80 80]–81p }}
*{{cite book |last=Gunn |first=Geoffrey C. |title=First Globalization: The Eurasian Exchange, 1500-1800 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gQV2V01Y6UC&q=ch'onhado&pg=PA133 |access-date=2008-07-31 |chapter=5. Mapping Eurasia |year=2003 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=0-7425-2662-3 |pages=132–133p }}
*{{cite book |last=Suarez |first=Thomas |title=Early Mapping Of Southeast Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7ZMAbv_jAC&q=ch'onhado&pg=PA50 |access-date=2008-07-31 |year=1999 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=962-593-470-7 |pages=50 p }}
*{{cite journal|last=Hyun|first=Theresa|title=Byron Lands in Korea: Translation and Literary/Cultural Changes in Early Twentieth-Century Korea|journal=TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction |date=2007 |volume=10 |url=http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/037288ar|access-date=2008-07-31|publisher=Association canadienne de traductologie|location=Canada|pages=286 p|doi=10.7202/037288ar }}
*{{cite web |title=Cheonhado (천하도 天下圖) |url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=244698&v=43 |access-date=2008-07-31 |publisher=[[Empas]] / [[EncyKorea]] |language=ko}}
*{{cite web |title=Cheonhado (천하도 天下圖) |url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?i=188323r |access-date=2008-07-31 |publisher=[[Empas]] / [[Britannica]] |language=ko}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd//gmd7m/g7900m/g7900m/gct00119/ca000002.jp2&style=gmd&itemLink=r?ammem/gmd:@field(NUMBER+@band(g7900m+gct00119))&title=Yojido.+-+Chonhado Yojido Ch'onhado] at memory.loc.gov
*[http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=4069230 Ch'onhado]
*{{in lang|ko}} [http://museum.sungshin.ac.kr/uni/uni_ear_03.jsp 천하도]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [[Sungshin Women's University]]

[[Category:17th century in Korea]]
[[Category:Historic maps of the world]]
[[Category:Historic maps of Asia]]
[[Category:Maps of Korea]]
[[Category:17th-century maps and globes]]

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Cheonhado