wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Doug Harvey (ice hockey)

2025-05-04T04:30:57Z

186.78.5.63:

{{short description|Canadian ice hockey player and coach}}
{{For|the baseball umpire|Doug Harvey (umpire)}}
{{Infobox ice hockey player
| name = Doug Harvey
| image = Doug Harvey Rangers.jpg
| caption = Harvey with the [[New York Rangers]] in 1962
| position = [[Defenceman|Defence]]
| shoots = Left
| height_ft = 5
| height_in = 11
| weight_lb = 190
| played_for = [[Montreal Canadiens]] <br>[[New York Rangers]] <br>[[St. Louis Blues]] <br>[[Detroit Red Wings]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|19}}
| birth_place = [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada
| death_date = {{death date and age|1989|12|26|1924|12|19}}
| death_place = Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| career_start = 1945
| career_end = 1969
| halloffame = 1973
}}
'''Douglas Norman Harvey''' (December 19, 1924 – December 26, 1989) was a Canadian professional [[ice hockey|hockey]] [[defenceman (ice hockey)|defenceman]]. Widely regarded as one of the greatest defenders in [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) history, Harvey was elected to the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] in 1973 and was named one of the [[100 Greatest NHL Players]] in history in 2017. Individually he won the [[James Norris Memorial Trophy]] as the best defenceman seven times, and was named to the end of season [[NHL All-Star team]] as a First All-Star 10 times. He played in from 1947 until 1964, and from 1966 until 1969. Best known for playing with the [[Montreal Canadiens]], Harvey also played for the [[New York Rangers]], [[Detroit Red Wings]], and [[St. Louis Blues]], as well as several teams in the minor leagues. He also served as the [[player-coach]] of the Rangers for one season, and served a similar role for the minor-league [[Kansas City Blues (ice hockey)|Kansas City Blues]]. He was also a [[head coach|coach]].

Born and raised in Montreal, Harvey played [[Junior ice hockey|junior hockey]] for local teams. He joined the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] during the [[Second World War]], and while he spent the bulk of his time with the naval hockey team, he did see active service defending merchant shipping. A standout athlete, Harvey also played [[Canadian football]] and [[baseball]] at this time, though he gave up on both sports to concentrate on hockey. Signed by the Canadiens he made the team in 1947, though initially he was criticized for his style of play. After a few years Harvey began to demonstrate his abilities, and became regarded as one of the top defenders in the NHL. Regarded as a team leader he was voted [[Captain (ice hockey)|captain]] of the team in 1960, however he clashed with Canadiens management due to personal differences, which combined with his age led to him being traded to New York in 1961.

Harvey spent two years with the Rangers before the team felt he was no longer effective, and assigned him to their minor-league affiliate, and released him in 1963. Harvey would spend the next five years in the minor leagues, briefly playing for Detroit, before he joined the Blues during the 1968 playoffs. He spent one final year in the NHL with the Blues before retiring in 1969. Following his playing career Harvey served in coaching and scouting roles for a few years, but a serious [[alcoholism|alcohol problem]] developed during the latter stages of his career kept him from serving in any capacity for long. He reconciled with the Canadiens a few years before his death, having his [[retired number|#2 sweater retired]], and served as a part-time scout for the team. With the Canadiens, Harvey won the [[Stanley Cup]] six times and played in the [[Stanley Cup Finals]] five more times.

==Early life==
Harvey was born in Montreal on December 19, 1924, the second child of Alfred and Martha Harvey.<ref name="Brown 66">{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=66}}</ref> Alfred was born in [[Hammersmith]], [[United Kingdom]] in 1896 and had moved to Canada with his parents in 1905, while Martha was born in [[Pennsylvania]] to Welsh immigrants.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=66–67}}</ref> The family lived in [[Notre-Dame-de-Grâce]] (NDG), an English-speaking working-class neighbourhood of Montreal, where Alfred worked in the warehouse of N.C. Polson.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=68}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2008|p=127}}</ref> Harvey was the second child, following Alfred Jr. (Alf) and preceding Howard and Mary.<ref name="Brown 66"/>

As a child Harvey was physically active, playing in many sports, and was also known as a troublemaker, often getting into fights with neighbouring children.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=70}}</ref> Outside of sports he delivered newspapers, with one of his customers being future Canadiens' teammate [[Bill Durnan]].<ref name="Leonetti 55">{{harvnb|Leonetti|2003|p=55}}</ref> He first showed his athletic ability in [[Canadian football]], and when he entered [[West Hill High School]] in 1939 he joined the team there, playing both on offence and defence.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=72}}</ref> He also played for the West Hill hockey team, and it was there that he first began to demonstrate his skills as a hockey player.<ref name="Brown 73">{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=73}}</ref> Harvey had played hockey from a young age, but only joined an organised league when he was 13, asked to join a team by Alf.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=69}}</ref> Initially he played [[goaltender]], owing to his small stature, but soon moved to [[centre (ice hockey)|centre]]. Only later would he switch to [[defenceman|defence]].<ref name="One on One">{{harvnb|Shea|2008}}</ref>

The [[Second World War]] was ongoing while Harvey was completing high school, and in 1942, one month before his 18th birthday, he enlisted in the [[Royal Canadian Navy]], following the advice of Alf, who had already done so.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=78}}</ref> Recognized as a skilled hockey player, Harvey was initially assigned to the Navy's hockey team, which was used to boost public morale. However Harvey wanted to properly serve in the war, so requested a transfer to active service, though this was not addressed until 1944.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=78–81}}</ref> In the spring of 1944 Harvey was assigned to a [[defensively equipped merchant ship]]; this was again a suggestion of Alf, as it meant a less rigorous lifestyle on board a naval vessel. Harvey would spend the next year regularly crossing the Atlantic while helping protect supplies being shipped to Europe and Africa. Throughout this time Harvey's ships were never fired upon, and he would later look back fondly on his service. It was also during this period that biographer William Brown believes Harvey began to develop an [[alcohol addiction]]; neither of his parents drank, which was in stark contrast to the naval service, though Brown concedes it was only later in life that it became a serious problem for Harvey.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=86–88}}</ref>

==Amateur career==
===Minor league hockey===
Harvey played minor league hockey in [[Oxford Park, Montreal|Oxford Park]], NDG, then began his professional career with the Montreal Royals of the [[Quebec Senior Hockey League]] where he played from 1945 to 1947, helping them win the [[Allan Cup]]. He then played one season with the [[Buffalo Bisons (AHL)|Buffalo Bisons]] of the [[American Hockey League]]. He made the jump to the [[Montreal Canadiens]] of the NHL in the [[1947–48 NHL season]] and remained with the team until [[1960–61 NHL season|1961]].

===Football and baseball===
In the early 1940s Harvey also played [[Canadian football|rugby football]] (later known as Canadian football). He started to play competitively while at West Hill, and though he could play both offence and defence equally well, he was most known as a defensive [[Halfback (Canadian football)|halfback]].<ref name="Brown 24">{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=24}}</ref> He continued on with the sport when he joined the navy, playing for their Montreal-based team, [[St. Hyacinthe–Donnacona Navy]]. In 1942 Harvey was named the most valuable player of the [[Quebec Rugby Football Union]].<ref>{{harvnb|Feige|2011|pp=89–90}}</ref> The Donnacona Navy won the [[32nd Grey Cup|1944 Grey Cup]] as Canadian champions, though Harvey had been sent into active service and did not play in the game.<ref name="One on One"/> After the war he briefly played for the newly formed [[Montreal Hornets]], but a mid-season injury forced him out.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=90}}</ref> Though skilled at football, Harvey gave up the sport as it was only [[semi-professional sports|semi-professional]] in Canada at that time, while hockey was fully professional.<ref name="Brown 24"/>

Harvey also played baseball at a competitive level, spending summers on teams from 1947 to 1950, mainly playing as a [[third baseman]].<ref name="McKenna 165">{{harvnb|McKenna|2007|p=165}}</ref> In 1947 he was invited to join the [[Ottawa Nationals (baseball)|Ottawa Nationals]], a team that was run by [[Tommy Gorman]] (who had recently left his position as [[general manager]] of the [[Montreal Canadiens]] hockey team) and competed in the [[Minor League Baseball|Class C]] [[Border League (baseball)|Border League]].<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=28}}</ref> A skilled ball player, in 1949 Harvey led the Border League in [[Run (baseball)|runs]], [[runs batted in]], and [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]].<ref name="McKenna 165"/> He was also offered a contract by the [[major league baseball|major league]] [[Boston Braves (baseball)|Boston Braves]], though turned down the offer as it would only see him play in Class B (another level in the minor leagues).<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=57}}</ref>

==Professional career==
===Montreal Canadiens===
Under coach [[Dick Irvin]], Harvey was named to the [[NHL All-Star team|All-Star team]] 11 consecutive times, beginning in the [[1951–52 NHL season]]. He won his first of seven [[James Norris Memorial Trophy|James Norris Memorial Trophies]] in [[1954–55 NHL season|1955]], as the league's best defenceman. In an era when the defenceman's role did not include scoring points, Harvey used his skating speed and passing ability to become a factor in making the Canadiens a high-scoring team.

He won the [[Stanley Cup]] six times, all with Montreal. During the [[1954 Stanley Cup Finals|1954 Finals]] however, he scored a Cup-losing own-goal when he tried to block a shot by [[Tony Leswick]] of the [[Detroit Red Wings]] with his glove but instead tipped it past goalie [[Gerry McNeil]].<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|1992|p=173}}</ref> McNeil, who struggled with the pressure of being an NHL goalie, quit hockey for the following year.<ref>{{harvnb|Leonetti|2003|p=64}}</ref>

Between 1955 and 1962 Harvey won the [[James Norris Memorial Trophy]] as the NHL's top defenceman every year except 1959, when it went to his teammate [[Tom Johnson (ice hockey)|Tom Johnson]].<ref name="100 Greatest">{{harvnb|Coffey|2017}}</ref>

Prior to the [[1960–61 NHL season|1960–61 season]] Harvey was voted captain of the Canadiens by his teammates. This was not welcomed by team management, who were not happy with Harvey's actions on and off the ice.<ref name="Leonetti 55"/>

Harvey was an outspoken critic of the hockey establishment who controlled players' careers via the [[reserve clause]], which restricted player rights. In Harvey's day, players were not highly paid, with Harvey earning less than $30,000 a season at the peak of his career.

===New York Rangers===
[[File:1963 Topps Doug Harvey.jpg|thumb|right|Harvey on a [[Topps]] card from 1963]]
After the Canadiens lost in the 1961 playoffs, Harvey was singled out by Canadiens' general manager [[Frank J. Selke]] for the team's poor performance, and began to look at ways to get rid of him. Though he was still considered one of the best players in the NHL, Selke and the Canadiens had tired of his antics, and soon were in discussions with the [[New York Rangers]] about a possible trade. [[Muzz Patrick]], the coach and general manager of the Rangers, had tired of the dual role, and agreed to take on Harvey if he could be convinced to be a [[player-coach]]. While Harvey was reluctant to move to New York he agreed to talk to Patrick, who offered a two-year contract worth $25,000 per year, a fairly high salary. After initially refusing, he agreed after a third year was added to the contract.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=192–195}}</ref>

Harvey again won the Norris Trophy in [[1961–62 NHL season|1961–62]], the first Ranger to do so. As coach, he tried to have the team play a similar style to what he had seen in Montreal, which helped the Rangers make the playoffs for the first time since 1958.<ref name="Kreiser 152">{{harvnb|Kreiser|Friedman|1996|p=152}}</ref> Desiring to be closer to the players, which he felt was not possible as their coach, Harvey resigned as coach for the [[1962–63 NHL season|1962–63 season]], and was only convinced to remain with the Rangers when Patrick offered him a $30,000-per-year salary, reportedly the highest in NHL history to that point.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=217}}</ref> Harvey's play remained at a high level: he led all NHL defencemen in scoring with 39 points, but was criticized for the team's lack of success.<ref name="Kreiser 152"/> Harvey missed the Rangers' training camp prior to the start of the [[1963–64 NHL season|1963–64 season]], owing to issues with his restaurant, and when he returned was sent to the team's minor league affiliate, the [[St. Paul Rangers]] of the [[Central Professional Hockey League]], where he played 5 games before rejoining New York.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=219–220}}</ref> After recording 2 assists in 14 games during the [[1963–64 NHL season|1963–64 season]], Harvey continued to attract negative attention, and rather than return to the minor leagues he asked to be released from his contract.<ref name="Kreiser 152"/>

===Minor leagues===
After leaving the Rangers Harvey spent two years with the [[Quebec Aces]] of the AHL. He followed that with one and a half seasons with the [[Baltimore Clippers]] and a further half season with the [[Pittsburgh Hornets]].

In 1964 Harvey, [[Gump Worsley]], and [[Red Berenson]] played for the [[Montreal Jr. Canadiens]] in a game against the [[Soviet national ice hockey team|Soviet national team]]. Harvey played almost 50 minutes during the 3–2 loss.<ref>{{harvnb|Scott|1964|p=34}}</ref>

===Detroit Red Wings and St. Louis Blues===
In January 1967, Harvey was called up to play for the [[Detroit Red Wings]] in a back-to-back series against the [[Chicago Black Hawks]]. However he disappointed Red Wings management by showing up roughly {{convert|20|lbs|kg}} overweight, and was largely ineffective in the two games, so was sent back to Pittsburgh for the remainder of the season.<ref name="Brown 230">{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=230}}</ref> With the Hornets he won the [[Calder Cup]], the AHL championship, though the team disbanded after the season as the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] were due to start playing in the NHL for [[1967–68 NHL season|1967–68]].<ref name="Brown 230"/> He finished his NHL career in [[1968–69 NHL season|1969]] with the [[St. Louis Blues]]. In addition, he was hired as coach and manager of the [[Kansas City Blues (ice hockey)|Kansas City Blues]], which was the St. Louis Blues' minor league affiliate in 1967–68.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=231}}</ref> Harvey served as player-coach during his first season in New York, but was never entirely comfortable with this dual role.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=213}}</ref>

==Post-playing career==
After retiring from playing, Harvey became head coach of the [[Laval Saints]] of the newly formed [[Quebec Major Junior Hockey League]]. However he only coached 16 games before leaving the team, finishing with a record of 4 wins and 12 losses.{{sfn |Doug Harvey Page|2020}} Offered a role as an assistant coach with the [[Los Angeles Kings]] of the NHL he went there, serving out the rest of the season with the team. He was offered a chance to play for the team but declined as he was 45 at that point and had not played in over a year.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=241–243}}</ref>

In 1973, Harvey was hired as an assistant coach and scout by the [[Houston Aeros (WHA)|Houston Aeros]] of the upstart [[World Hockey Association]]. With the Aeros he helped sign former NHL star [[Gordie Howe]] and his two sons, [[Mark Howe|Mark]] and [[Marty Howe|Marty]], which was considered a major coup for the new league.<ref>{{harvnb|Willes|2004|pp=72–75}}</ref> Though he had initially stayed sober with Houston, Harvey relapsed and was let go by the team at the end of the [[1973–74 WHA season|1973–74 season]].<ref>{{harvnb|Willes|2004|p=75}}</ref>

==Personal life==
===Family===
Harvey married Ursula Hardie on May 21, 1949, in Montreal.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=56}}</ref> It is not certain when they met, but they had been together since at least 1946.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=55}}</ref> They had six children: Doug Jr., Darlene, Glen, Nancy, Diane, and Maria.<ref name="Brown 2002 166">{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=166}}</ref> The family lived in NDG throughout Harvey's playing career, though they moved to [[Long Island]] during his first season with the Rangers before returning to Montreal after a few months, living in a house he built with his brothers in 1950.<ref name="Brown 120">{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=120}}</ref> Harvey and Ursula would separate in 1980.<ref name="Feige 98">{{harvnb|Feige|2011|p=98}}</ref>

===Off-ice business===
Outside of hockey, Harvey had several business ventures. After building his own home, Harvey and his brothers began a housebuilding business in 1953, and they later established an aluminum window business as well. Harvey, who was well known for his hockey career at this point, would spend most of his time talking to clients, leaving Alf and Howard to do the physical work.<ref name="Brown 120"/> In the early 1960s Harvey opened up a restaurant in Montreal, Chez Doug Harvey, with an associate he had recently met.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=120–121}}</ref> The restaurant proved a massive financial failure, with his partner absconding with a large amount of money, and ultimately cost Harvey around $65,000, equal to nearly two years' pay for him.<ref>{{harvnb|Feige|2011|p=96}}</ref> It also took a serious toll on his family's finances, which were exacerbated when he played in the minor leagues, making far less than he had in the NHL; on several occasions friends would help cover the mortgage to prevent Harvey from defaulting.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=167}}</ref>

Starting in the mid-1960s Harvey started a summer hockey school for young boys. He would lead a two-week school instructing them on how to play better, and would often buy equipment and board players who were unable to cover the associated costs.<ref name="Brown 2002 166"/> The school ran yearly until 1979.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=257}}</ref> While in Ottawa in 1972 Harvey was arrested for having a concealed weapon without a permit, as he was trying to board a plane. He was given a 6-month suspended sentence, and the gun was confiscated.<ref name="Feige 98"/> In the early 1980s Harvey was offered a job at the [[Connaught Park Racetrack]] in [[Aylmer, Quebec]], living with and working for the family of NHL founder Tommy Gorman's son, Joe Gorman, as well as the opportunity to live in retired [[passenger car (rail)|railcar]] that had been used by Canadian prime minister [[John Diefenbaker]] in the 1950s, and subsequently purchased by the Gorman family. Doug accepted the position and lived with Gorman's as a part of their family until his return to Montreal.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=261}}</ref>

For years, Harvey battled [[alcoholism]] while suffering from [[bipolar disorder]]. In 1985 he was offered a job with the Montreal Canadiens as a scout. He died on December 26, 1989, due to [[cirrhosis]] of the liver, a week after his 65th birthday, and was interred in the [[Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery]] in Montreal.<ref>{{harvnb|Dryden|1997|pp=40–41}}</ref>

==Playing style==
Prior to the start of Harvey's career, it was normal for defencemen to pass the puck off to forwards or dump it into the [[ice hockey rink#zones|offensive zone]]; the goal was to quickly move it out of the defensive zone and limit chances for the opponent to set up plays. Harvey was not interested in this system, and preferred to keep control of the puck as long as he could. In this way Harvey felt he could control the tempo of the play, and felt that by quickly dumping the puck it only turned over possession to the opponent.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=35}}</ref> He would then pass the puck to a teammate who would quickly enter the offensive zone and set up scoring chances that way.<ref name="Leonetti 55"/> This style of play was unusual at the time and Harvey was perceived as being a lazy player by both Canadiens' fans and his coaches.<ref name="Fayne 23">{{harvnb|Frayne|1958|p=23}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Feige|2011|p=91}}</ref> That Harvey, who was roughly {{height|ft=5|in=11}} and {{convert|190|lb|kg}} during his playing career, had a stocky look did not help this perception.<ref>{{harvnb|Frayne|1958|p=47}}</ref> However once it became apparent what he was doing he earned recognition for his ability.<ref name="Fayne 23"/>

Harvey's ability to set up offence helped the Canadiens create one of the strongest offensive teams in NHL history. Though he did not score many goals during his career, Harvey helped others score, and recorded several seasons with high [[assist (ice hockey)|assist]] totals.<ref name="Leonetti 55"/> With this Harvey led NHL defencemen in assists five times and scoring three times during his career.<ref>{{harvnb|Dryden|1997|p=40}}</ref> Indeed, the Canadiens of the late 1950s were so strong on the [[Power play (sporting term)#Ice hockey|power play]] that they repeatedly could score multiple goals on one power play.<ref name="100 Greatest"/> Other teams began to resent this, and so at the end of the [[1955–56 NHL season|1955–56 season]] the NHL adopted a rule that ended a power play after one goal was scored.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2008|p=154}}</ref>

==Legacy==
From early on in his playing career Harvey was recognized as one of the top defencemen in NHL history, and one of the best players in general. With seven Norris Trophy wins he is tied with [[Nicklas Lidström]] for second most all-time, behind [[Bobby Orr]]'s eight.<ref>{{harvnb|Hedger|2012}}</ref> He was inducted into the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] in 1973, though he had been eligible since 1972. It was said that the one-year delay was because of Harvey's lifestyle, and that he was asked to clean himself up if he wanted to be elected.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|pp=246–247}}</ref> Harvey apparently took this as a slight, and refused to attend his own induction ceremony in 1973, and reportedly went fishing instead.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=250}}</ref><ref name="One on One"/>

Prior to a game on October 26, 1985, the Montreal Canadiens [[List of National Hockey League retired numbers|retired]] Harvey's number 2.<ref name="One on One"/> In 1991, the Confederation Arena in NDG was renamed the ''Doug Harvey Arena''. Efforts had been made to rename the arena prior to Harvey's death, but Montreal rarely renamed arenas after still-living people.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2002|p=269}}</ref> ''[[The Hockey News]]'', the premier hockey magazine, released a list of the top 100 NHL players of all time in 1997, with Harvey named sixth overall.<ref>{{harvnb|Dryden|1997|p=8}}</ref> He was also named one of the [[100 Greatest NHL Players]] in 2017.<ref name="100 Greatest"/>

==Career statistics==
===Regular season and playoffs===
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em"
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"|
! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff"|
! colspan="5"|[[Regular season]]
! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff"|
! colspan="5"|[[Playoffs]]
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! [[Season (sports)|Season]]
! Team
! League
! GP !! [[Goal (ice hockey)|G]] !! [[Assist (ice hockey)|A]] !! [[Point (ice hockey)|Pts]] !! [[Penalty (ice hockey)|PIM]]
! GP !! G !! A !! Pts !! PIM
|-
| 1942–43
| Montreal Navy
| [[Montreal City Hockey League|MCHL]]
| 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1942–43
| [[Royal Montreal Hockey Club|Montreal Jr. Royals]]
| QJHL
| 21 || 4 || 6 || 10 || 17
| 6 || 3 || 4 || 7 || 10
|-
| 1942–43
| Montreal Royals
| [[Quebec Senior Hockey League|QSHL]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1943–44
| Montreal Jr. Royals
| QJHL
| 13 || 4 || 6 || 10 || 34
| 4 || 2 || 6 || 8 || 10
|-
| 1943–44
| Montreal Royals
| QSHL
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1943–44
| Montreal Navy
| MCHL
| 15 || 4 || 1 || 5 || 24
| 5 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 15
|-
| [[1944 Memorial Cup|1943–44]]
| Montreal Jr. Royals
| [[Memorial Cup|M-Cup]]
| — || — || — || — || —
| 3 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 6
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1944–45
| Montreal Navy
| MCHL
| 3 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 2
| 6 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 6
|-
| 1944–45
| Montreal Jr. Royals
| QJHL
| — || — || — || — || —
| 9 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 10
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1945–46
| Montreal Royals
| QSHL
| 34 || 2 || 6 || 8 || 90
| 11 || 1 || 6 || 7 || 37
|-
| 1946–47
| Montreal Royals
| QSHL
| 40 || 2 || 26 || 28 || 171
| 11 || 2 || 4 || 6 || 62
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1947 Allan Cup|1946–47]]
| Montreal Royals
| [[Allan Cup|Al-Cup]]
| — || — || — || — || —
| 14 || 4 || 9 || 13 || 26
|-
| [[1947–48 NHL season|1947–48]]
| [[Montreal Canadiens]]
| [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| 35 || 4 || 4 || 8 || 32
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1947–48 AHL season|1947–48]]
| [[Buffalo Bisons (AHL)|Buffalo Bisons]]
| [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| 24 || 1 || 7 || 8 || 38
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
| [[1948–49 NHL season|1948–49]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 55 || 3 || 13 || 16 || 87
| 7 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 10
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1949–50 NHL season|1949–50]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 70 || 4 || 20 || 24 || 76
| 5 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 10
|-
| [[1950–51 NHL season|1950–51]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 70 || 5 || 24 || 29 || 93
| 11 || 0 || 5 || 5 || 12
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1951–52 NHL season|1951–52]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 68 || 6 || 23 || 29 || 82
| 11 || 0 || 3 || 3 || 8
|-
| [[1952–53 NHL season|1952–53]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 69 || 4 || 30 || 34 || 67
| 12 || 0 || 5 || 5 || 8
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1953–54 NHL season|1953–54]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 68 || 8 || 29 || 37 || 110
| 10 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 12
|-
| [[1954–55 NHL season|1954–55]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 70 || 6 || 43 || 49 || 58
| 12 || 0 || 8 || 8 || 6
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1955–56 NHL season|1955–56]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 62 || 5 || 39 || 44 || 60
| 12 || 2 || 5 || 7 || 10
|-
| [[1956–57 NHL season|1956–57]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 70 || 6 || 44 || 50 || 92
| 10 || 0 || 7 || 7 || 10
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1957–58 NHL season|1957–58]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 68 || 9 || 32 || 41 || 131
| 10 || 2 || 9 || 11 || 16
|-
| [[1958–59 NHL season|1958–59]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 61 || 4 || 16 || 20 || 61
| 11 || 1 || 11 || 12 || 22
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1959–60 NHL season|1959–60]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 66 || 6 || 21 || 27 || 45
| 8 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 6
|-
| [[1960–61 NHL season|1960–61]]
| Montreal Canadiens
| NHL
| 58 || 6 || 33 || 39 || 48
| 6 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 8
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1961–62 NHL season|1961–62]]
| [[New York Rangers]]
| NHL
| 69 || 6 || 24 || 30 || 42
| 6 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2
|-
| [[1962–63 NHL season|1962–63]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 68 || 4 || 35 || 39 || 92
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1963–64 CPHL season|1963–64]]
| [[St. Paul Rangers]]
| [[Central Professional Hockey League|CHL]]
| 5 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 6
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
| [[1963–64 NHL season|1963–64]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 14 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 10
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1963–64 AHL season|1963–64]]
| [[Quebec Aces]]
| AHL
| 52 || 6 || 36 || 42 || 30
| 9 || 0 || 4 || 4 || 10
|-
| [[1964–65 AHL season|1964–65]]
| Quebec Aces
| AHL
| 64 || 1 || 36 || 37 || 72
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 9
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1965–66 AHL season|1965–66]]
| [[Baltimore Clippers]]
| AHL
| 67 || 7 || 32 || 39 || 80
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
| [[1966–67 AHL season|1966–67]]
| Baltimore Clippers
| AHL
| 24 || 2 || 9 || 11 || 10
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1966–67
| [[Pittsburgh Hornets]]
| AHL
| 28 || 0 || 9 || 9 || 22
| 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| [[1966–67 NHL season|1966–67]]
| [[Detroit Red Wings]]
| NHL
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1967–68 CPHL season|1967–68]]
| [[Kansas City Blues (ice hockey)|Kansas City Blues]]
| CHL
| 59 || 4 || 16 || 20 || 12
| 7 || 0 || 6 || 6 || 6
|-
| [[1967–68 NHL season|1967–68]]
| [[St. Louis Blues]]
| NHL
| — || — || — || — || —
| 8 || 0 || 4 || 4 || 12
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1968–69 NHL season|1968–69]]
| St. Louis Blues
| NHL
| 70 || 2 || 20 || 22 || 30
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | NHL totals
! 1,113 !! 88 !! 452 !! 540 !! 1,216
! 137 !! 8 !! 64 !! 72 !! 152
|}
*Source: ''Total Hockey''<ref>{{harvnb|Diamond|2002|p=1161}}</ref>

==NHL coaching record==

Harvey has the distinction of being the [[National Hockey League|NHL's]] last-ever [[player-coach]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fischler |first1=Stan |title=Harvey had remarkable season as last player-coach in NHL history |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/doug-harvey-remarkable-season-as-last-nhl-player-coach-for-rangers |website=nhl.com |publisher=National Hockey League |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en |date=5 June 2024}}</ref> He held the dual roles with the [[New York Rangers]] during the [[1961–62 New York Rangers season|1961–62 season]]—a year in which he led the team to the [[1961–62 NHL season#Playoffs|semi-finals]] and was awarded his seventh [[James Norris Trophy|Norris Trophy]] for best [[defenceman]] in the league.{{sfn|Coffey|2017}} He again served as a [[player-coach]] for the [[Kansas City Blues (ice hockey)|Kansas City Blues]] of the [[Central Hockey League (1963–84)|Central Professional Hockey League]] in [[1967–68 CPHL season|1967]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Doug Harvey Stats and News |url=https://www.nhl.com/player/doug-harvey-8446728 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=nhl.com |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|Year !! colspan="6"|[[Regular season]] !! colspan="1"|[[Post season]]
|-
! G !! W !! L !! T !! Pts !! Division rank !! Result
|-
![[New York Rangers]]||[[1961–62 NHL season|1961–62]]
|70||26||32||12||64||4th in NHL||Lost in semi-finals
|-
|}
*Source: ''Total Hockey''<ref>{{harvnb|Diamond|2002|p=1937}}</ref>

==Awards==
===NHL===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Award
! Year(s)
|-
| [[James Norris Memorial Trophy]]
| [[1954–55 NHL season|1955]], [[1955–56 NHL season|1956]], [[1956–57 NHL season|1957]], [[1957–58 NHL season|1958]], [[1959–60 NHL season|1960]], [[1960–61 NHL season|1961]], [[1961–62 NHL season|1962]]
|-
| [[NHL All-Star Game]]
| [[1951 NHL All-Star Game|1951]], [[1952 NHL All-Star Game|1952]], [[1953 NHL All-Star Game|1953]], [[8th National Hockey League All-Star Game|1954]], [[1955 NHL All-Star Game|1955]], [[1956 NHL All-Star Game|1956]], [[11th National Hockey League All-Star Game|1957]], [[12th National Hockey League All-Star Game|1958]], [[1959 NHL All-Star Game|1959]], [[1960 NHL All-Star Game|1960]], [[1961 NHL All-Star Game|1961]], [[15th National Hockey League All-Star Game|1962]], [[1969 NHL All-Star Game|1969]]
|-
| [[NHL First All-Star Team]]
| [[1951–52 NHL season|1952]], [[1952–53 NHL season|1953]], [[1953–54 NHL season|1954]], 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962
|-
| [[NHL Second All-Star Team]]
| [[1958–59 NHL season|1959]]
|-
| [[Stanley Cup]]
| [[1953 Stanley Cup Finals|1953]], [[1956 Stanley Cup Finals|1956]], [[1957 Stanley Cup Finals|1957]], [[1958 Stanley Cup Finals|1958]], [[1959 Stanley Cup Finals|1959]], [[1960 Stanley Cup Finals|1960]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Citation|last=Brown|first=William|year=2002|title=Doug: The Doug Harvey Story|publisher=Véhicule Press|location=Montreal|ISBN=1-550-65166-8}}
* {{Citation|last=Coffey|first=Wayne|date=January 1, 2017|title=Doug Harvey: 100 Greatest NHL Players|publisher=National Hockey League|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/doug-harvey-100-greatest-nhl-hockey-players/c-284259132|access-date=December 31, 2019}}
* {{Citation|editor-last=Diamond|editor-first=Dan|year=2002|title=Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Hockey League, Second Edition|publisher=Total Sports Publishing|location=New York|isbn=1-892129-85-X}}
* {{Citation|title=Doug Harvey Page|publisher=Quebec Major Junior Hockey League|year=2020|url=https://theqmjhl.ca/coaches/10257|access-date=June 3, 2020|ref = {{harvid |Doug Harvey Page|2020}}}}
* {{Citation|editor-last=Dryden|editor-first=Steve|year=1997|title=The Top 100 NHL Players of All Time|publisher=McClelland & Stewart|location=Toronto|ISBN=0-7710-4176-4}}
* {{Citation|last=Feige|first=Timothy|title=Hockey's Greatest Tragedies: The Broken Heroes of the Fastest Game on Earth|year=2011|publisher=Arcturus Publishing|location=London|isbn=978-1-84837-742-4}}
* {{Citation|last=Frayne|first=Trent|date=February 15, 1958|title=How Doug Harvey loafed his way to fame|journal=Maclean's|pages=22–23, 47–49|url=http://archive.macleans.ca/article/1958/2/15/how-doug-harvey-loafed-his-way-to-fame|accessdate=January 15, 2022}}
* {{Citation|last=Hedger|first=Brian|date=May 31, 2012|title=Seven-time Norris Trophy winner Lidstrom retires|publisher=National Hockey League|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/seven-time-norris-trophy-winner-lidstrom-retires/c-633292|access-date=June 3, 2020}}
* {{Citation|last=Jenish|first=D'Arcy|year=2008|title=The Montreal Canadiens: 100 Years of Glory|publisher=Doubleday Canada|location=Toronto|ISBN=978-0-385-66324-3}}
* {{Citation|last=Jenish|first=D'Arcy|year=1992|title=The Stanley Cup: A Hundred Years of Hockey at its Best|publisher=McClelland & Stewart Inc.|location=Toronto, Ontario|isbn=0-7710-4406-2}}
* {{Citation|last1=Kreiser|first1=John|last2=Friedman|first2=Lou|year=1996|title=The New York Rangers: Broadway's Longest-Running Hit|publisher=Sagamore Publishing|location=Champaign, Illinois|ISBN=1-57167-041-6}}
* {{Citation|last=Leonetti|first=Mike|year=2003|title=Canadiens Legends: Montreal's Hockey Heroes|publisher=Raincoast Books|location=Vancouver|ISBN=1-55192-731-4}}
* {{Citation|last=McKenna|first=Brian|year=2007|title=Early Exits: The Premature Endings of Baseball Careers|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|ISBN=978-0-8108-5858-9}}
* {{Citation|last=Scott|first=Bob|date=December 12, 1964|title=Russians Rally, win 3–2 at Forum|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Op8tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XJ8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6552%2C2804404|access-date=February 28, 2012}}
* {{Citation|last=Shea|first=Kevin|date=November 21, 2008|title=One on One with Doug Harvey|publisher=Hockey Hall of Fame|url=https://www.hhof.com/htmlSpotlight/spot_oneononep197301.shtml|access-date=June 3, 2020}}
* {{Citation|last=Willes|first=Ed|year=2004|title=The Rebel League: The Short and Unruly Life of the World Hockey Association|publisher=McClelland & Stewart|location=Toronto|ISBN=0-7710-8947-3}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{icehockeystats|legendsm=P197301}}
* {{Find a Grave|7270598}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box | before = [[Red Kelly]] | title = Winner of the [[Norris Trophy]] | years = [[1954–55 NHL season|1955]], [[1955–56 NHL season|1956]], [[1956–57 NHL season|1957]], [[1957–58 NHL season|1958]] | after = [[Tom Johnson (ice hockey)|Tom Johnson]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Maurice Richard]] | title = [[Montreal Canadiens#Team captains|Montreal Canadiens captain]] | years = [[1960–61 NHL season|1960–61]] | after = [[Jean Béliveau|Jean Beliveau]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Tom Johnson (ice hockey)|Tom Johnson]] | title = Winner of the [[Norris Trophy]] | years = [[1959–60 NHL season|1960]], [[1960–61 NHL season|1961]], [[1961–62 NHL season|1962]] | after = [[Pierre Pilote]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Alf Pike]] | title = [[List of New York Rangers head coaches|Head coach of the New York Rangers]] | years = [[1961–62 NHL season|1961–62]] | after = [[Muzz Patrick]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harvey, Doug}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Alcohol-related deaths in Canada]]
[[Category:Anglophone Quebec people]]
[[Category:Baltimore Clippers players]]
[[Category:Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players]]
[[Category:Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian ice hockey coaches]]
[[Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen]]
[[Category:Canadian people of English descent]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:Deaths from cirrhosis]]
[[Category:Detroit Red Wings players]]
[[Category:Hockey Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Ice hockey player-coaches]]
[[Category:Ice hockey people from Montreal]]
[[Category:James Norris Memorial Trophy winners]]
[[Category:Laval Saints coaches]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Montreal]]
[[Category:Montreal Canadiens players]]
[[Category:National Hockey League All-Stars]]
[[Category:National Hockey League players with retired numbers]]
[[Category:New York Rangers players]]
[[Category:People with bipolar disorder]]
[[Category:Pittsburgh Hornets players]]
[[Category:Players of Canadian football from Quebec]]
[[Category:Quebec Aces (AHL) players]]
[[Category:Royal Canadian Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:St. Hyacinthe-Donnacona Navy football players]]
[[Category:St. Louis Blues players]]
[[Category:St. Paul Rangers players]]
[[Category:Stanley Cup champions]]
[[Category:Ottawa Nationals players]]
[[Category:Baseball people from Quebec]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian sportsmen]]

Plasticine

2025-05-02T17:30:39Z

186.78.5.63:

{{short description|Brand of modeling clay}}
{{distinguish|Pleistocene}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Toy
|name=Plasticine
|image=Little girl holding plasticine. (49810941302).jpg
|type=[[Modelling clay]]
|inventor=[[William Harbutt]]
|country=United Kingdom
|company=Harbutt
|from=1900
|to=
|materials=
|website=
|slogan=
}}
'''Plasticine''' is a [[putty]]-like modelling material made from [[calcium]] salts, [[petroleum jelly]] and [[fatty acid|aliphatic acid]]s. Though originally a brand name for the British version of the product, it is now applied [[Generic trademark|generically in English]] as a product category to other formulations.

Plasticine is used for children's play and as a modelling medium for more formal or permanent structures. Because of its non-drying property, it is a material commonly chosen for [[stop motion]] animation, including several [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning films by [[Nick Park]].

== History ==
[[Franz Kolb]], owner of a pharmacy in [[Munich]], Germany, invented an oil-based modelling clay in 1880.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sculpturetools.com/chavant/cart/plasteline.html|title=Plasteline|publisher=sculpturetools.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820132041/http://www.sculpturetools.com/chavant/cart/plasteline.html|archive-date=August 20, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the time, the city was a centre for the arts, and among Kolb's circle of friends were sculptors. They complained about how with the clay they were using for modelling, their sculptures would dry too fast and that, particularly in winter, it was too difficult to work with. In order to commercialize his invention, he presented it to the [[Faber-Castell]] company in 1887, which had back then the name "''Kunst-Modellierthon''" (known as [[Plastilin]]), where it is still sold nowadays under the name "''Münchner Künstler Plastilin''" (Munich artists' Plastilin). In Italy, the product ''Pongo'' is also marketed as "''plastilina''" and shares the main attributes of Plasticine.

[[File:Plastilin-ddr.jpg|thumb|East German ''Plastilina'']]Plasticine is approximately 65% [[bulking agent]] (principally [[gypsum]]), 10% [[petroleum jelly]], 5% [[Lime (material)|lime]], 10% [[lanolin]] and 10% [[stearic acid]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=May|first1=James|title=Toy Stories|date=2009|publisher=Conway|location=London|isbn=9781844861071|page=[https://archive.org/details/jamesmaystoystor0000mayj/page/16 16]|url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmaystoystor0000mayj/page/16}}</ref> It cannot be hardened by [[kiln|firing]], it [[melting|melts]] when exposed to heat, and is [[Combustibility and flammability|flammable]] at higher temperatures.{{citation needed |date= September 2015}} In France, it is made by Herbin, and marketed as Plastiline. In Spain, toy manufacturer Jovi markets a product also branded "Plastilina", made from vegetable matter which makes it lighter. [[Play-Doh]], which is based on flour, salt and water, dries on exposure to air.

===Harbutt===
[[William Harbutt]], an [[art]] teacher in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], England, formulated Plasticine in 1897. Harbutt wanted a non-drying [[clay]] for his [[sculpture]] students. He created a non-toxic, sterile, soft and [[Ductility|malleable]] clay that did not dry when exposed to air.

Harbutt received a patent in 1899 and commercial production started at a factory in [[Bathampton]] in 1900. The original Plasticine was grey, but four colours were produced for initial sales to the public. Plasticine was used by children and was often bought by schools for teaching art. It has found a wide variety of other uses (for example moulding casts for plaster, and plastics).

Harbutt patented a different formulation in 1915,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=3&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19150830&CC=GB&NR=191419211A&KC=A|title=Citation of 1915 Harbutt patent|website=[[Espacenet]]|accessdate=15 August 2023}}</ref> which added wool fibres to give plasticine a stronger composition intended for ear plugs, and as a sterile dressing for wounds and burns.<ref>{{cite book|last1=May|first1=James|title=Toy Stories|date=2009|publisher=Conway|location=London|isbn=9781844861071|page=[https://archive.org/details/jamesmaystoystor0000mayj/page/25 25]|url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmaystoystor0000mayj/page/25}}</ref> The Harbutt company marketed Plasticine as a children's toy by producing modelling kits based on characters from children's stories, such as [[Noddy (character)|Noddy]], the [[Mr. Men]] and [[Paddington Bear]].

The original Plasticine factory was destroyed by fire in 1963 and replaced by a modern building. The Harbutt company produced Plasticine in Bathampton until 1983, when production was moved to Thailand.

The [[Colorforms]] company was the major American licensee of Plasticine from 1979 until at least 1984. The use of a different chalk compound caused a product inconsistency, and the US version was considered inferior to the original mix.

[[Bluebird Toys plc]] acquired Plasticine through its purchase of [[Peter Pan Playthings Ltd]], Harbutt's parent company. In 1998, [[Mattel]] bought Bluebird and the brand was sold to [[Humbrol Ltd]], known for its model paints and owner of the [[Airfix]] model kit brand. Flair Leisure licensed the brand from Humbrol in 2005 and relaunched Plasticine. It acquired the brand outright, when Humbrol entered administration a year later.

== Uses ==
===Current===
[[File:Tadzik1.jpg|thumb|A Plasticine model of a rat, by Polish animator Monika Kuczyniecka]]

Plasticine is one type of clay used in [[claymation]]. One of its main proponents is [[Aardman Animations]]' [[Nick Park]], who used characters modelled in Plasticine in his four [[Academy Award|Oscar]]-winning [[Wallace and Gromit]] short films ''[[A Grand Day Out]]'' (1989), ''[[The Wrong Trousers]]'' (1993), ''[[A Close Shave]]'' (1995) and ''[[A Matter of Loaf and Death]]'' (2008), as well as the feature films ''[[The Curse of the Were-Rabbit]]'' (2005) and ''[[Wallace & Gromit: Vengeance Most Fowl|Vengeance Most Fowl]]'' (2024). Plasticine-like materials are appealing to animators because the material can be used with ease: it is mouldable enough to create a character, flexible enough to allow that character to move in many ways, and dense enough to retain its shape easily when combined with a wire [[Armature (sculpture)|armature]], and does not melt under hot studio lighting.

Plasticine is used in [[long jump]] and [[triple jump]] competitions to help officials determine if the competitors are making legal jumps. A {{convert|10|cm|in|adj=mid|-wide}} 'indicator board' is placed beyond and slightly above the take-off line. The edges of this are chamfered and edged with plasticine. If an athlete leaves a mark in the plasticine, it is considered proof that the jump was a foul, and the attempt is not measured.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=89ed4cba-6b5e-49fe-a43e-9f5487b77a84.pdf
|author=[[International Association of Athletics Federations]] (IAAF)
|title=Competition Rules 2016-2017, Rule 184.3
|pages=208–210
}}</ref> Plasticine is used rather than sand, so that several boards may be prepared in advance: if a board is marked it may be replaced by a smoothed board immediately to avoid delaying the competition, but keeping the marked board available in case of challenges. An indicator board is used, rather than a wide strip of plasticine, as this provides a firm footing should the athlete step on it.

Plasticine-like clays are also used in commercial [[party games]] such as [[Barbarossa (board game)|Barbarossa]].

[[File:Plasticine garden veg.jpg|thumb|A life-size vegetable plot in [[James May]]'s ''Paradise in Plasticine'']]
Television presenter [[James May]], together with Chris Collins, [[Jane McAdam Freud]], Julian Fullalove and around 2,000 members of the public, created a show garden made entirely of Plasticine for the 2009 [[Chelsea Flower Show]]. Called "Paradise in Plasticine", it took 6 weeks and 2.6 tons of Plasticine in 24 colours to complete. May said, "This is, to our knowledge, the largest and most complex model of this type ever created." It couldn't be considered as part of the standard judging criteria as it contained no real plants, but was awarded an honorary gold award made from Plasticine.<ref>{{cite news |title=RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2009: Paradise in Plasticine |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/chelsea/small_gardens/may.shtml |agency=[[BBC]] |work=BBC One |access-date=20 May 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Elliott |first=Valerie |date=20 May 2009 |title=Top Gear plasticine garden takes 'gold' at RHS Chelsea Flower Show |url=http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/gardens/chelsea_flower_show/article6319449.ece |work=[[The Times]] |access-date=20 May 2009 }}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The garden won the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s 'peoples choice' for best small garden.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/showsevents/chelsea/2009/peopleschoice.asp |title=James May: Paradise in Plasticine|website=Royal Horticultural Society |date=2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423171515/http://www.rhs.org.uk/showsevents/chelsea/2009/peopleschoice.asp |archive-date=23 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Plasticine is used by geologists studying rock deformation. One study compared the performance of four German products: Beck's green and Beck's orange made by Beck's Plastilin, [[Gomaringen]]; Kolb brown made by Kolb, [[Hengersberg]]; and Weible special soft made by Weible KG, [[Schorndorf]].<ref>{{cite journal|volume=26|number=4|date=2004|pages=725–737|journal=Journal of Structural Geology|title=Rheology of plasticine used as rock analogue: the impact of temperature, composition and strain|first1=Janet|last1=Zulauf|first2=Gernold|last2=Zulauf|doi=10.1016/j.jsg.2003.07.005|bibcode=2004JSG....26..725Z}}</ref>

===Historic===

During World War II, Plasticine was used by [[bomb disposal|bomb disposal officer]] [[John Pilkington Hudson|Major John P. Hudson]] [[Royal Engineers|R.E.]] as part of the defuzing<ref>{{harvp|Jappy|2001|page=rear cover}} "these bombs were to be defuzed 'regardless of the loss of life to bomb disposal personnel'."</ref> process for the new [[SC250 bomb#Fuzes|German "Type Y" battery-powered bomb fuze]]. The "Type Y" [[fuze]] has an anti-disturbance device that had to be disabled before the fuze could be removed.<ref>{{cite book|date=1953|page=182-185 |title=TM 9-1985-2 German explosive ordinance|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|url= https://archive.org/details/TM919852GermanExplosiveOrdnance1953/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/43/a3924443.shtml |title=The Earl and the Secretary |author=Dunstable Town Centre |date=20 April 2005 |work=BBC |id=A3924443 |quote=The "/Y" fuse behaved exactly like the normal one when tested, but it had an additional circuit that was isolated after activation. This circuit contained mercury tilt switches which would detonate the bomb if the fuse were turned, even slowly. This was a [[booby trap]] designed to kill bomb disposal personnel |access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=This must be considered unreliable as much of what it claims is at variance with established texts. e.g. it claims that the 'liquid air' froze the mercury rather than liquid oxygen freezing the battery|date=March 2016}} Plasticine was used to build a dam around the head of the fuze to hold some [[liquid oxygen]]. The liquid oxygen cooled the battery down to a temperature at which it would no longer function; with the battery out of commission, the fuze could be removed safely.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hogben |first=Arthur |year=1987 |title=Designed to Kill |publisher=Patrick Stephens Limited |location=London |isbn=0-85059-865-6 |pages=131–133 |quote=It was believed that by using liquid oxygen poured over the fuze head the necessary very low temperature within the fuze could be achieved.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jappy |first=M. J. |year=2001 |title=Danger UXB |publisher=Macmillan Publishers |location=London |isbn=0-752-21576-0 |pages=150–153 |quote=That was wonderful when we got a bomb with the fuze lying at the top but if the fuze was at the side, it wasn't quite so easy. [...] I think it must have been me who thought of the idea of making a little neck of clay around the side to hold the liquid. I think I used plasticine actually. }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Industrial plasticine]]
* [[Milliput]]
* [[Modelling clay]]
* [[Plastilina]]
* [[Sculpey]]
* [[Play-Doh]]

== References ==

{{refs}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}

* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/plasticine/ Photos tagged plasticine on Flickr]

[[Category:1880 introductions]]
[[Category:Aardman Animations]]
[[Category:Modelling clay]]
[[Category:English inventions]]