Pentium M

2025-06-01T08:29:58Z

182.2.5.61: Changing The Logo

{{Short description|Family of Intel microprocessors}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox CPU
| name = Pentium M
| image = Pentiummn.png
| caption = Original logo (2006-2009)
| produced-start = {{Start date and age|2003|03|12}}
| produced-end = {{Start date and age|2009|07|14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://technodocbox.com/PC_Support/67071025-Product-change-notification.html|title=Product Change Notification #106928–02|date=December 27, 2006|publisher=Intel|access-date=October 14, 2019}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2019}}
| slowest = 900 | slow-unit = MHz
| fastest = 2.26 | fast-unit = GHz
| fsb-slowest = 400 | fsb-slow-unit = MT/s
| fsb-fastest = 533 | fsb-fast-unit = MT/s
| manuf1 = Intel
| core1 = Banias
| core2 = Dothan
| size-from = 130 nm
| size-to = 90 nm
| arch = [[x86-16]], [[IA-32]]
| microarch = [[P6 (microarchitecture)|P6]]
| sock1 = [[Socket 479]]
| numcores = 1
| predecessor = [[Pentium 4|Pentium 4 M]]
| successor = [[Yonah (microprocessor)|Intel Core (Yonah)]] [[Stealey]]
| support status = Unsupported
| extensions = [[MMX (instruction set)|MMX]], [[Streaming SIMD Extensions|SSE]], [[SSE2]], [[EIST]], [[XD bit]]
| code = Banias: 80535 Dothan: 80536
| l2cache = 1 MB or 2 MB, shared
| l1cache = 64 KB (32 KB data + 32 KB instructions)
| soldby = Intel
| designfirm = Intel
| address-width = 36 bits
| transistors1 = Banias: 77 million
| transistors2 = Dothan: 140 million
| application = Mobile
| cpuid = 695h (Banias) 0x6DX (Dothan)
| variant1 = [[Celeron#Pentium M-based mobile Celerons|Celeron M]]
| data-width = 64 bits
| virtual-width = 32 bits
| pack1 = Micro pin grid array (mPGA)
| pack2 = High performance ball grid array (H-PBGA)
| sock2 = H-PBGA479}}
{| style="float: right; clear: right;"
|
|}
The '''Pentium M''' is a family of mobile 32-bit single-core [[x86]] [[microprocessor]]s (with the modified [[Intel]] [[P6 (microarchitecture)|P6 microarchitecture]]) introduced in March 2003 and forming a part of the Intel '''[[Centrino#Carmel platform (2003)|Carmel]]''' notebook platform under the then new [[Centrino]] brand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/features/2004/02/pentium-m/|title=A Look at Centrino's Core: The Pentium M|last=Stokes|first=Jon|date=25 February 2004|website=Ars Technica|access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref> The ''Pentium M'' processors had a maximum [[thermal design power]] (TDP) of 5–27 W depending on the model, and were intended for use in laptops (thus the "M" suffix standing for ''mobile''). They evolved from the core of the last [[Pentium III]]–branded CPU by adding the [[front-side bus]] (FSB) interface of [[Pentium 4]], an improved instruction decoding and issuing front end, improved [[branch predictor|branch prediction]], [[SSE2]] support, and a much larger cache.

The Pentium M replaced the laptop version of the [[Pentium 4]] (the ''Pentium 4-Mobile'', or ''P4-M''), which suffered from power consumption and heat problems. The first Pentium M–branded [[CPU]], code-named '''Banias''', was followed by '''Dothan'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/1399|title=Intel's 90nm Pentium M 755: Dothan Investigated|last=Shimpi|first=Anand Lal|website=www.anandtech.com|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> The Pentium M line was removed from the official price lists in July 2009, when the Pentium M-branded processors were succeeded by the [[Intel Core|Core]]-branded [[dual-core]] mobile [[Yonah (microprocessor)|Yonah]] CPU with a modified microarchitecture.

== Overview ==
The Pentium M represented a new and radical departure for Intel, as it was not a low-power version of the desktop-oriented [[Pentium 4]], but instead a heavily modified version of the [[Pentium III]] [[Pentium III#Tualatin|Tualatin]] design (itself based on the [[Pentium II]] core design, which in turn had been a heavily improved evolution of the [[Pentium Pro]]). It is optimized for power efficiency, a vital characteristic for extending notebook computer battery life. Running with very low average power consumption and much lower heat output than desktop processors, the Pentium M runs at a lower clock speed than the laptop version of the [[Pentium 4]] (the ''Pentium 4-Mobile'', or ''P4-M''), but with similar performance – a 1.6 GHz Pentium M can typically attain or even surpass the performance of a 2.4 GHz Pentium 4-M.<ref>[http://compreviews.about.com/od/cpus/a/PentiumM.htm Intel's Centrino Duo Notebook Technology]</ref> The Pentium M 740 has been tested to perform up to approximately 7,400 MIPS and 3.9 GFLOPS (using SSE2).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleid=2008&page=4 |title=Intel Pentium M 740 PCSTATS Review - Benchmarks: Office Productivity, SiSoft Sandra 2005 |access-date=2007-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201847/http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleid=2008&page=4 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Pentium M coupled the execution core of the Pentium III with a Pentium 4 compatible bus interface, an improved instruction decoding/issuing front end, improved branch prediction, [[SSE2]] support, and a much larger cache. The usually power-hungry secondary cache uses an access method which only switches on the portion being accessed. The main intention behind the large cache was to keep a decent-sized portion of it still available to the processor even when most of the L2 cache was switched off, but its size led to a welcome improvement in performance.

Other power saving methods include dynamically variable clock frequency and core voltage, allowing the Pentium M to throttle clock speed when the system is idle in order to conserve energy, using the [[SpeedStep]] 3 technology (which has more sleep stages than previous versions of SpeedStep). With this technology, a 1.6 GHz Pentium M can effectively throttle to clock speeds of 600 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1200 MHz, 1400 MHz and 1600 MHz; these intermediate clock states allow the CPU to better throttle clock speed to suit conditions. The power requirements of the Pentium M varies from 5 watts when idle to 27 watts at full load. This is useful to notebook manufacturers as it allows them to include the Pentium M into smaller notebooks.

Although Intel marketed the Pentium M exclusively as a mobile product, motherboard manufacturers such as [[AOpen]], [[DFI]] and [[Micro-Star International|MSI]] shipped Pentium M compatible boards designed to non-mobile enthusiasts, [[HTPC]], workstation and server applications. An adapter, the CT-479, was developed by [[ASUS]] to allow the use of Pentium M processors in selected ASUS motherboards designed for [[Socket 478]] [[Pentium 4]] processors. [[Shuttle Inc.]] offered packaged Pentium M desktops, marketed for low energy consumption and minimal cooling system noise. Pentium M processors are also of interest to [[embedded system]]s' manufacturers because the low power consumption of the Pentium M allows the design of fanless and miniaturized embedded PCs. The Pentium M also responds very well to [[Dynamic voltage scaling|undervolting]], which can be done with the program Notebook Hardware Control or RMClock.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Intel Pentium M processor family
|-
! rowspan="2" |2003–2006 logo
! rowspan="2" |2006–2008 logo
! colspan="3" |Laptop
|-
!Code-name
!Process
!Date released
|- style="background:white"
|[[File:Pentium M.jpg|100px|Original Pentium M logo]]
|[[File:Pentiummn.png|100px|Pentium M logo as of 2006]]
|Banias Dothan
|(130 nm) (90 nm)
|Mar 2003 Jun 2004
|-
! colspan="5" |[[List of Intel Pentium M processors]]
|}

== {{Anchor|Banias}}Banias ==
[[File:Intel Pentium M 1.4 (RH80535GC0171M)-top PNr°0334.jpg|thumb|left|Pentium M 1.4/1M with Banias core]]
[[File:Intel Pentium M 1.4 (RH80535GC0171M)-bottom oblique PNr°0336.jpg|thumb|Backside of a Pentium M 1.4]]

The Intel Haifa team had previously been working on the memory controller for [[Intel Timna|Timna]], which was based on earlier P6 memory controller designs giving them detailed knowledge of P6 architecture which they used when Intel gave them a crash project to create a backup mobile CPU.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/1083|title=Intel's Centrino CPU (Pentium-M): Revolutionizing the Mobile World|last=Shimpi|first=Anand Lal|website=[[AnandTech]]|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> As the M line was originally designed in [[Israel]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Mooly Eden: A look into the origins of Core 2 Duo|website=[[Tom's Hardware]]
|date=20 September 2006
|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/interview-mooly-eden,1864.html
}}</ref> the first Pentium M was identified by the codename [[Banias]], named after an ancient site in the [[Golan Heights]]. Given the product code 80535, it initially had no model number suffix, but was later identified as the Pentium M 705. It was manufactured on a 130 nm process, was released at frequencies from 900 MHz to 1.7 GHz using a 400 [[MT/s]] [[Front Side Bus|FSB]], and had 1 megabyte (MB) of Level 2 cache. The core average [[Thermal Design Power|TDP]] (Thermal Design Power) is 24.5 watts.

The Banias family processors internally support [[Physical Address Extension]] (PAE) but do not show the PAE support flag in their [[CPUID]] information; this causes some operating systems (primarily Linux distributions) to refuse to boot on such processors since PAE support is required in their kernels.<ref name="PAE">{{Cite web|url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PAE|title=PAE - Community Help Wiki|website=Ubuntu Help}}</ref> Using the 'forcepae' Linux boot option will allow Linux to boot using PAE in these cases. [[Windows 8]] and later also refuses to boot on these processors for the same reason, as they specifically require PAE support to run properly. Attempting to boot Windows 8 and later with these processors installed (as well as on early Dothan family processors without PAE support flag enabled in their CPUID info) will result in a [[Crash (computing)|crash]] when attempting to load [[ntoskrnl.exe]] early on in the boot process, with error code 0xc0000260 (UNSUPPORTED_PROCESSOR).<ref>{{cite AV media|author=This Does Not Compute |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=M3sQ1IwoT4I |title=Can You Install Windows 10 on a Pentium II? |website=YouTube|time-caption=Section starts at|time=32:35}}</ref>

== {{Anchor|Dothan}}Dothan ==
[[File:Pentium M Dothan.jpg|thumb|Pentium M 730 (1.6/2M/533) with Dothan core]]
[[File:Pentium M Dothan Backside.jpg|thumb|right|The backside of a Dothan core Pentium M 730]]

On September 17, 2003, Intel unveiled plans for releasing its then next-generation of Pentium M processors, codenamed "Dothan" by them. It was named after another [[Dothan (ancient city)|ancient town]] in Israel, and it launched formally on May 10, 2004. Dothan Pentium M processors (product code 80536, [[CPUID]] 0x6DX) are among the first Intel processors to be identified using a "processor number" rather than a clockspeed rating; this allowed for more precise distinctions between different kinds of processors. The initial Dothan versions with the 400MT/s Front-Side-Bus (FSB) are known as Pentium M 710 (1.4 GHz), 715 (1.5 GHz), 725 (1.6 GHz), 735 (1.7 GHz), 745 (1.8 GHz), 755 (2.0 GHz), and 765 (2.1 GHz).<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2003/20030917corp.htm | title = Intel Outlines Plans For Wireless Notebook PCs, Cell Phones And Handhelds | publisher = Intel Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/05/10/intel_dothan_launch/ | title = Intel launches Dothan with Pentium M price cuts | publisher = The Register}}</ref> These initial Dothan models all have a TDP of 21 W and a 2 MB L2 cache.

These 700 series Dothan Pentium M processors retain the same basic design as the original Banias Pentium M, but are manufactured on a [[90 nanometer|90 nm process]], with twice the secondary cache. Die size, at 87 mm2, remains in the same neighborhood as the original Pentium M, even though the 1000 series contains approximately 140 million transistors, most of which make up the 2 MB cache. [[Thermal Design Power|TDP]] is also down to 21 watts with the 400 MT/s FSB (from 24.5 watts in Banias), though power use at lower clockspeeds has increased highly. However, tests conducted by third party hardware review sites show that Banias and Dothan equipped notebooks have roughly equivalent battery life.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}
Additionally third party hardware review sites have benchmarked the Dothan at approx 10-20% better performance than the Banias in most situations.

Revisions of the Dothan core were released in the first quarter of 2005 with the '''Sonoma''' chipsets and supported a 533 MT/s FSB and '''XD''' (Intel's name for the [[NX bit]]); and the [[Physical Address Extension|PAE]] support flag in the CPUID was enabled, unlike earlier Pentium Ms that showed PAE unavailable. This resolved boot errors in Linux distributions as well as with Windows 8 and later. These revised Dothan processors include the 730 (1.6 GHz), 740 (1.73 GHz), 750 (1.86 GHz), 760 (2.0 GHz), 770 (2.13 GHz) and 780 (2.26 GHz) and have a TDP of 27 W and a 2 MB L2 cache.

In July 2005, Intel released the 780 (2.26 GHz) and the low-voltage 778 (1.60 GHz).

The processor line had models running at clock speeds from 1.0 GHz to 2.26 GHz {{as of|2005|7|lc=yes}}. The models with lower frequencies were either low voltage or ultra-low voltage CPUs designed for improved battery life and reduced heat output. The 718 (1.3 GHz), 738 (1.4 GHz), and 758 (1.5 GHz) models are low-voltage (1.116 V) with a TDP of 10 W, while the 723 (1.0 GHz), 733 (1.1 GHz), and 753 (1.2 GHz) models are ultra-low voltage (0.940 V) with a TDP of 5 W.

== Intel A100 series ==

{{Main|Stealey (microprocessor)}}

An ultra low-power microprocessor based on the Dothan built on a 90 nm process with 512 KB L2 cache and 400 MT/s front side bus (FSB).

== Core Solo and Core Duo ==
{{Main|Intel Core}}
The next generation of processors, codenamed '''[[Yonah (microprocessor)|Yonah]]''', were based on the [[Enhanced Pentium M (microarchitecture)|Enhanced Pentium M]] architecture, and released under the [[Intel Core]] brand, as [[Core Duo]] and [[Core Solo]].

== See also ==

* [[P6 (microarchitecture)]]
* [[Centrino]]
* [[List of Intel Pentium M processors]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071105035809/http://www.intel.com/products/processor/pentiumm/ Intel's Pentium M Homepage (via internet archive)]
* [http://ark.intel.com/products/series/20865/Intel-Pentium-M-Processor-700-Series#@All Intel's list of all Pentium M variants]
* [http://www.intel.com/support/processors/mobile/pm/sb/CS-007967.htm Intel Processor comparison table]
* [http://www.pbus-167.com/chc.htm Homepage of the software "Notebook Hardware Control"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071208201833/http://phc.athousandnights.de/ Homepage of the Software "Linux-PHC" to undervolt a Pentium M with linux]
* [https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.x86-secret.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dnewsd%26nid%3D899&langpair=fr%7Cen&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&prev=%2Flanguage_tools Yonah details from X86-secret (french translated to English through google)]
* [http://www.anandtech.com/cpuchipsets/showdoc.aspx?i=2627 AnandTech: Yonah Performance Preview]
* [http://www.diefer.de/speedswitchxp/ SpeedswitchXP - CPU frequency control for notebooks ]

{{Intel processors|p6}}

[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 2003]]
[[Category:Intel x86 microprocessors]]

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Pentium M