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Oh Yeon-seo

2025-07-01T04:56:47Z

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{{Short description|South Korean actress (born 1987)}}
{{Family name hatnote|Oh|lang=Korean}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Oh Yeon-seo
| image = Oh Yeonseo Marie Claire Korea 2021 2.png
| caption = Oh in April 2021
| birth_name = Oh Haet-nim
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|06|22}}
| birth_place = [[Jinju]], South Korea
| education = [[Dongguk University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer}}
| years_active = 2002–present
| agent = Story J Company
| height = 170 cm<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:스토리제이컴퍼니|url=http://storyjcompany.com/theme/storyj/02/artist_view.php?wr_id=41|website=Story J Company|access-date=March 19, 2024|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305101053/http://storyjcompany.com/theme/storyj/02/artist_view.php?wr_id=41|url-status=live}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|1=http://storyjcompany.com/theme/storyj/02/artist_view.php?wr_id=41|2=storyjcompany.com}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| alias = Haetnim
| genre = {{hlist|[[K-pop]]|[[dance-pop]]}}
| instrument = Vocals
| years_active = 2002–2003
| label = [[iHQ (company)|SidusHQ]]
| past_member_of = [[Luv (group)|Luv]]
}}
| module2 = {{Infobox Korean name/auto|child=yes|headercolor=transparent
| hangul = %오연서
| hangulborn = %오햇님
}}
}}

'''Oh Haet-nim''' ({{Korean|오햇님}}, born June 22, 1987), known professionally as '''Oh Yeon-seo''' ({{Korean|hangul=오연서}}), is a South Korean actress and former singer. She is a former member of the musical group [[Luv (group)|Luv]], and as an actress she is best known for her roles in television dramas ''[[My Husband Got a Family]]'' (2012), ''[[Jang Bo-ri is Here!]]'' (2014), ''[[Shine or Go Crazy]]'' (2015), ''[[Come Back Mister]]'' (2016), [[My Sassy Girl (TV series)|''My Sassy Girl'']] (2017), ''[[A Korean Odyssey]]'' (2017–2018), ''[[Love with Flaws]]'' (2019–2020), ''[[Mad for Each Other]]'' (2021) and ''[[Café Minamdang]]'' (2022).

==Early life==
Oh was born in [[Jinju]], [[South Gyeongsang Province]] and grew up in [[Changnyeong County]]. In the second year of middle school, Oh followed a group of friends to an audition for [[SM Entertainment]], held in [[Daegu]], but was rejected. However, another company contacted her saying that she had qualified and she moved to Seoul, debuting four months later at the age of 15.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

Oh was accepted into Anyang Arts High School after her band's disbandment and went on to become an actress. She changed her name from Haet-nim to Yeon-seo after consulting a shaman with her mother.<ref>{{cite web|title=Young people are taking up new names|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3027585|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=December 19, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218160726/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3027585|url-status=live}}</ref>

Oh then entered [[Dongguk University]], joining the theater and film department.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:김주현 "대학동기 오연서 '엽기녀' 발탁, 내가봐도 잘어울려"[인터뷰③]|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0000933264|website=TV Report|language=ko|date=December 15, 2016|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304154401/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0000933264|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
===Beginnings===
Oh Yeon-seo made her entertainment debut in 2002 when she was 15-years-old under her birth name Oh Haet-nim, with the [[IHQ (company)|SidusHQ]]-managed band [[Luv (group)|Luv]]. They released their first album, ''Story'', with the singles "Orange Girl" and "I Still Believe in You".<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:오연서-전혜빈, 걸그룹 러브 데뷔곡 '오렌지걸' 무대 재현 "상큼"|trans-title=Oh Yeon-seo - Jeon Hye-bin, girl group LUV makes a 'refreshing' reappearance on stage with debut song 'Orange Girl'|url=http://news.donga.com/BestClick/3/all/20140919/66511752/1|work=[[The Dong-A Ilbo]]|language=ko|date=September 19, 2009|access-date=November 13, 2014|archive-date=November 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125091206/http://news.donga.com/BestClick/3/all/20140919/66511752/1|url-status=live}}</ref> The band was short-lived and disbanded six months later. Oh then shifted to acting and made her debut appearance in the 2003 drama ''[[Sharp (TV series)|Sharp]]'', but remained unknown.<ref name="major">{{cite web|title=(News Focus) Ex-singers get second chances as actresses|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/search1/2603000000.html?cid=AEN20160523003500315|work=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|date=May 23, 2016|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=January 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061712/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/search1/2603000000.html?cid=AEN20160523003500315|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2012–2013: Rising popularity===
Though she had a major role in the 2009 film ''[[A Blood Pledge]]'',<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:[인터뷰] <여고괴담5-동반자살> 오연서 "첫 주연, 떨리지만 뿌듯해요"|url=http://news.maxmovie.com/45354|website=Max Movie|language=ko|date=June 15, 2009|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=May 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516151610/http://news.maxmovie.com/45354|url-status=live}}</ref> it wasn't until she was cast in the family drama ''[[My Husband Got a Family]]'' (2012) that she gained recognition.<ref name="major" /><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:오연서│<넝쿨째 굴러온 당신> 가족들에 대한 세 가지 이야기|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=312&aid=0000013799|website=[[Ten Asia]]|language=ko|date=May 16, 2012|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=May 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516151615/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=312&aid=0000013799|url-status=live}}</ref> She then joined the popular variety program ''[[We Got Married]]'' alongside MBLAQ's [[Lee Joon]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lee Joon and Oh Yeon-seo "gets married"|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2959031|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=September 7, 2012|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=November 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118151714/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2959031|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MBLAQ's Lee Joon, Oh Yeon-seo to enjoy married life as new couple on MBC's ''We Got Married''|url=http://www.tenasia.com/archives/12027|work=[[Ten Asia]]|last=Hong|first=Lucia|date=September 6, 2012|access-date=July 24, 2013|archive-date=November 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105001729/http://www.tenasia.com/archives/12027|url-status=dead}}</ref> Towards the end of 2012, Oh was cast in daily drama ''[[Here Comes Mr. Oh]]'' where she had her first lead role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Jang-woo, Oh Yeon-seo on MBC|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2960601|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=October 11, 2012|access-date=April 22, 2018|archive-date=December 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217172400/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2960601|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2013, Oh played a thoracic resident surgeon in medical drama ''[[Medical Top Team]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oh Yeon-seo reveals boyish look|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2976488|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=August 23, 2012|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=November 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118123510/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2976488|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jung, Oh to join Medical Top Team|url=https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/398_139980.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=July 26, 2013|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=January 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061409/http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/398_139980.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She was appointed an ambassador for the first annual Animal Film Festival in [[Suncheon]] along with [[Kim Min-jun (actor)|Kim Min-jun]] and [[Kal So-won]] to help raise awareness for animal rights and welfare in August.<ref>{{cite web|title=Korea's first animal film fest kicks off in Suncheon|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2976547|publisher=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=August 23, 2013|access-date=November 13, 2014|archive-date=August 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823165819/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2976547|url-status=live}}</ref> Oh was also appointed a Red Cross Ambassador together with actor [[Ryu Soo-young]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oh Yeon-seo made Korean Red Cross Ambassador|url=http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/ForeignGallery/view.aspx?lang=EN&contents_id=PYH20140508057300315|website=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|date=May 8, 2014|access-date=July 14, 2017|archive-date=January 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061434/http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/ForeignGallery/view.aspx?lang=EN&contents_id=PYH20140508057300315|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2014–present: Breakthrough and critical acclaim===
Oh played the lead role of Jang Bo-ri, a compassionate and selfless person, in the highly acclaimed series ''[[Jang Bo-ri is Here!]]'' (2014). The drama's ratings peaked at 40.4%, and led to a surge in popularity for Oh. She had a hard time playing the character as she grew up in Gyeongsang-do but her character had to speak the Jeolla-do dialect, which she had never used in her entire life.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oh Yeon-seo Basks in TV Drama's Success|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/09/06/2014090600544.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=September 6, 2014|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=September 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909012053/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/09/06/2014090600544.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:제19회 부천국제판타스틱영화제 폐막식 레드카펫 17.jpg|thumb|upright|Oh in July 2015]]

In 2015, Oh played Shin Yool, the last princess of [[Balhae]], in the historical drama ''[[Shine or Go Crazy]],'' co-starring [[Jang Hyuk]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jang Hyuk & Oh Yeon Seo coming back with a new drama called ''Shine or Go Crazy''|url=http://en.starnnews.com/news/index.html?no=353279|website=StarN News|date=January 16, 2015|access-date=March 30, 2015|archive-date=January 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120125614/http://en.starnnews.com/news/index.html?no=353279|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jang Hyuk, Oh Yeon-seo have romantic encounter in 'To Shine or to Go Insane'|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201412232112229543573_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|work=[[Kpop Herald]]|date=December 23, 2014|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=May 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516151634/http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201412232112229543573_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref> The series was a modest hit, and topped ratings in its timeslot throughout its run.<ref>{{cite web|title='Shine or Go Crazy' concludes with highest TV ratings|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201504081744175794093_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|work=[[Kpop Herald]]|date=April 8, 2015|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=May 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516151641/http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201504081744175794093_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

Oh then starred alongside [[Rain (entertainer)|Rain]] in the [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] drama ''[[Come Back Mister]]'', which aired from February to April 2016. She played Han Hong-nan, a male character reincarnated in a female's body. Oh was praised for her chemistry with co-star [[Lee Ha-nui]], whom she has acted with in her previous project ''Shine or Go Crazy''.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:[MD포커스] '돌아저씨' 오연서 이하늬, 베스트커플상 가나요|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&aid=0002735481|work=[[My Daily]]|language=ko|date=March 11, 2016|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=July 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726233912/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&aid=0002735481|url-status=live}}</ref> She also impressed viewers through her comedic portrayal of her masculine role.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oh impresses in masculine role|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3018119|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=April 29, 2016|access-date=May 19, 2016|archive-date=May 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505034014/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3018119|url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, she starred in ''Take Off 2'', the sequel to the 2009 movie ''[[Take Off (2009 film)|Take Off]]'' where she plays a member of the first South Korean woman's national ice hockey team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oh Dal-su, Oh Yeon-seo join the cast for 'Take Off 2'|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201508201447512566744_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|work=[[Kpop Herald]]|date=August 20, 2015|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=May 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516151652/http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201508201447512566744_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:170821 오연서 03 (cropped).jpeg|thumb|upright|Oh in August 2017]]

In 2017, Oh starred in the [[My Sassy Girl (TV series)|historical drama remake]] of the 2001 box office hit ''[[My Sassy Girl]]'' alongside [[Joo Won]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Daredevil female characters grace screens big and small|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2017/06/688_230937.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=June 9, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=June 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609090700/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2017/06/688_230937.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2017, Oh signed with new management agency Celltrion Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Actor Oh Yeon-seo signs with new agency|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3036658|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=August 3, 2016|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-date=August 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802232337/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3036658|url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, she was cast in tvN's fantasy romantic comedy/tragedy drama ''[[A Korean Odyssey]]'', written by the [[Hong sisters]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Love tug of war - monkey king and monk|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/01/398_243250.html|website=[[The Korea Times]]|date=January 29, 2018|access-date=April 7, 2018|archive-date=January 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129122806/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/01/398_243250.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, Oh starred in the film adaptation of the ''[[Cheese in the Trap (film)|Cheese in the Trap]]'' alongside [[Park Hae-jin]], who also played the role of Yoo Jung in the drama.<ref>{{cite web|title=Film version of 'Cheese' is a thrilling romance|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3045404&cloc=joongangdaily|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=March 9, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309001727/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3045404&cloc=joongangdaily|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Oh Yeon-seo Admits She Feels Pressure with Age|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/03/17/2018031700390.html|website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=March 17, 2018|access-date=April 7, 2018|archive-date=March 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317054000/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/03/17/2018031700390.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, Oh was cast in the romantic comedy drama ''[[Love with Flaws]]''.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:MBC 측 "안재현X오연서 '하자있는 인간들' 11월 수목극 편성"(공식입장)|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201905131442338010|website=Newsen|language=ko|last=Park|first=Soo-in|date=May 13, 2019|access-date=September 8, 2019|archive-date=August 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820195217/http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201905131442338010|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2019, Oh re-signed with [[IHQ (company)|SidusHQ]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:오연서, 싸이더스 전속계약 체결...장혁·김하늘·김우빈 한솥밥 [공식]|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111240679|website=[[Osen (newspaper)|Osen]]|language=ko|last=Yeon|first=Hwi-seon|date=October 14, 2019|access-date=October 14, 2019|archive-date=October 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014071753/http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111240679|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, Oh was cast in the web drama ''[[Mad for Each Other]]'' which premiered on May 24 alongside [[Jung Woo]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:정우ㆍ오연서 유쾌상쾌 로맨스|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/029/0002635789|website=[[Naver]]|date=November 11, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2022|archive-date=April 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407141438/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/029/0002635789|url-status=live}}</ref> Later in November 2021, Oh officially signed with Story J Company.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:오연서, 스토리제이컴퍼니와 전속계약...김태희‧김정현‧고수 한솥밥[공식]|trans-title=Oh Yeon-seo, an exclusive contract with Story J Company... Kim Tae-hee, Kim Jeong-hyeon, Gosu One Pot Rice [Official]|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&aid=0000326890|via=[[Naver]]|publisher=Spotify News|language=ko|last=Jung|first=Yu-jin|date=November 3, 2021|access-date=November 3, 2021|archive-date=April 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409060836/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&aid=0000326890|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, she was cast in ''[[Café Minamdang]]'' as Han Jae-hui, a third-year homicide detective, alongside [[Seo In-guk]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Seo in-guk and Oh Yeon-seo to Star in "Minamdang - Case Note"|url=https://www.hancinema.net/seo-in-guk-and-oh-yeon-seo-to-star-in-minamdang--case-note-155861.html|website=[[HanCinema]]|publisher=SpoTV News|date=November 17, 2021|access-date=February 22, 2022|archive-date=February 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222123623/https://www.hancinema.net/seo-in-guk-and-oh-yeon-seo-to-star-in-minamdang--case-note-155861.html|url-status=live}}</ref> later in the same year Oh has returned to the big screen, with the film ''[[Men of Plastic]]'', which will be released in November with [[Ma Dong-seok]], [[Jung Kyung-ho (actor, born 1983)|Jung Kyung-ho]] and [[Oh Na-ra]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'압꾸정' 마동석X정경호→오연서, 자양강장제 케미|trans-title='Apkkoojeong' Ma Dong-seok X Jung Kyung-ho → Oh Yeon-seo, tonic chemistry|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&aid=0003667614|via=[[Naver]]|work=[[My Daily]]|language=ko|last=Kim|first=Na-ra|date=November 14, 2022|access-date=November 15, 2022|archive-date=November 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115034749/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&aid=0003667614|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
===Relationship===
On March 29, 2018, it was confirmed that Oh is in a relationship with actor [[Kim Bum]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:오연서 측, 김범과 열애 초고속 인정 "호감 갖고 알아가는 단계"(공식)|url=http://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=404&aid=0000207195|website=[[Naver]]|publisher=enews24|language=ko|date=March 29, 2018|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=November 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102083937/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=404&aid=0000207195|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oh Yeon-seo, Kim Beom confirm relationship|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180329000375|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=March 29, 2018|access-date=March 29, 2018|archive-date=March 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329050017/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180329000375|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Oh Yeon-seo, actor Kim Beom 'in early blush of romance'|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/03/688_246409.html|website=[[The Korea Times]]|date=March 29, 2018|access-date=March 29, 2018|archive-date=March 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330012817/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/03/688_246409.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, after a few months of dating they were reported to have parted ways.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:[단독] 김범·오연서, 열애 인정 10개월만에 '결별'|url=http://news1.kr/articles/?3546615|website=[[News1 (South Korean company)|News1]]|language=ko|last=Jeong|first=Yu-jin|date=February 13, 2019|access-date=March 18, 2019|archive-date=February 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213100808/http://news1.kr/articles/?3546615|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:[종합] 김범·오연서, 열애 10개월 만에 동료로..."지난해 결별"|url=http://sports.donga.com/3/all/20190213/94087389/1|website=[[Sports Donga]]|language=ko|date=February 13, 2019|access-date=March 18, 2019|archive-date=June 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628014207/http://sports.donga.com/3/all/20190213/94087389/1|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{For|Oh's works with [[Luv (group)]]|Luv (group)#Discography}}

==Filmography==
{{Main|Oh Yeon-seo filmography}}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination
! scope="col" | Award ceremony
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Nominee / Work
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | [[APAN Star Awards]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[1st K-Drama Star Awards|2012]]
| Rising Star Award
| ''[[My Husband Got a Family]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'K드라마어워즈' MC 유인나, 라이징스타상 수상...지현우 언급 없었다|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0000270624|website=TV Report|language=ko|date=December 8, 2012|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=April 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407150000/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0000270624|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" | [[2nd APAN Star Awards|2013]]
| Popular Star Award
| ''[[Here Comes Mr. Oh]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=2013 APAN STAR AWARDS|url=http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2013&no=1140563|website=[[Maeil Business Newspaper]]|language=ko|date=November 17, 2013|access-date=February 7, 2018|archive-date=April 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408163135/https://www.mk.co.kr/star/hot-issues/view/2013/11/1140563/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" | [[5th APAN Star Awards|2016]]
| Acting Award, Actress
| ''[[Come Back Mister]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | Asia Model Awards
| style="text-align:center" | 2009
| CF Model Award
| Oh Yeon-seo
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'돌아온 뚝배기' 오연서, CF모델상 수상|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=144&aid=0000086156|website=[[Sports Kyunghyang]]|language=ko|date=January 13, 2009|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=April 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407144454/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=144&aid=0000086156|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" | 2016
| Popularity Award (Female)
| ''[[Come Back Mister]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'아시아모델어워즈' 박해진부터 아이오아이, 대세 총집합|url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/05/22/2016052200120.html|website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|language=ko|date=May 22, 2016|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=January 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111175353/http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/05/22/2016052200120.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Blue Dragon Series Awards]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[1st Blue Dragon Series Awards|2022]]
| Best Leading Actress
| ''[[Mad for Each Other]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:제1회 청룡시리즈어워즈 후보 공개..'오징어 게임'·'SNL코리아' 최다노미|trans-title=The 1st Blue Dragon Series Awards nominees revealed.. Most Nominees for 'Squid Game' and 'SNL Korea'|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003889396|via=[[Naver]]|publisher=[[Sports Chosun]]|language=ko|last=Moon|first=Ji-yeon|date=July 6, 2022|access-date=July 6, 2022|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020835/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003889396|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | [[KBS Drama Awards]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[2012 KBS Drama Awards|2012]]
| Best New Actress
| ''[[My Husband Got a Family]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'신인상' 오연서 눈물, "넝쿨당, 내겐 넝쿨째 굴러온 작품" (KBS 연기대상)|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0000178589|website=[[Xports News]]|language=ko|date=December 31, 2012|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=April 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409114153/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0000178589|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | [[2022 KBS Drama Awards|2022]]
| Excellence Award, Actress in a Miniseries
| ''[[Café Minamdang]]''
| {{nom}}

| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:붉은 단심' 3번 거절했는데..." 이준·강한나·이혜리, 미니시리즈 우수상 [KBS 연기대상]|trans-title=Single Heart Red' was rejected 3 times..." Lee Joon·Hanna Kang·Hyeri Lee, Miniseries Excellence Award [KBS Drama Awards]|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0001541406|via=[[Naver]]|publisher=[[Xports News]]|language=ko|last=Hwang|first=Soo-yeon|date=January 1, 2023|access-date=January 1, 2023|archive-date=January 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101162948/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0001541406|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Best Couple Award
| Oh Yeon-seo {{small|(with [[Seo In-guk]])}}<br />''[[Café Minamdang]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:이승기 "커플상 혼자라 씁쓸"→강하늘♥하지원, 베스트커플상 [KBS 연기대상]|trans-title=Lee Seung-gi "It's bittersweet to be alone as a couple" → Kang Ha-neul ♥ Ha Ji-won, Best Couple Award [KBS Drama Awards]|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/311/0001541397|work=[[Xports News]]|publisher=[[Naver]]|language=ko|last=Hwang|first=Soo-yeon|date=January 1, 2023|access-date=January 1, 2023|archive-date=December 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231154738/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/311/0001541397|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Korea Drama Awards]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[5th Korea Drama Awards|2012]]
| Best New Actress
| ''[[My Husband Got a Family]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| style="text-align:center" | [[7th Korea Drama Awards|2014]]
| Top Excellence Award, Actress
| ''[[Jang Bo-ri is Here!]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Kim Soo-hyun wins at drama festival|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2995614|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=October 3, 2014|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919162844/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2995614|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" | [[MBC Drama Awards]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[2012 MBC Drama Awards|2012]]
| Best New Actress
| ''[[Here Comes Mr. Oh]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'MBC연기대상' 오연서 데뷔 10년만에 신인상 "엄마·아빠, 나 상 탔어"|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0000178259|website=[[Xports News]]|language=ko|date=December 30, 2012|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=April 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407144457/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0000178259|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | [[2014 MBC Drama Awards|2014]]
| Grand Prize (Daesang)
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Jang Bo-ri is Here!]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Serial Drama
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:오연서, 연속극 女 최우수연기상 수상 '멈추지 않는 눈물' [MBC연기대상]|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0000608467|website=TV Report|language=ko|date=December 31, 2014|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=April 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407150004/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0000608467|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" | [[2019 MBC Drama Awards|2019]]
| Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Wednesday-Thursday Miniseries
| ''[[Love with Flaws]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[SBS Drama Awards]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[2016 SBS Drama Awards|2016]]
| Excellence Award, Actress in a Fantasy Drama
| ''[[Come Back Mister]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:[SBS 2016 SAF 연기대상] 강하늘·오연서, 판타지드라마 부문 우수연기상 수상|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=144&aid=0000469189|website=[[Sports Kyunghyang]]|language=ko|date=January 1, 2017|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=April 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407150002/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=144&aid=0000469189|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" | [[2017 SBS Drama Awards|2017]]
| Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Monday–Tuesday Drama
| ''[[My Sassy Girl (TV series)|My Sassy Girl]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center" |
|}

===Listicles===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Name of publisher, year listed, name of [[listicle]], and placement
! scope="col" | Publisher
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Listicle
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Forbes]]''
| 2013
| style="text-align:left" | [[Forbes Korea Power Celebrity 40|Korea Power Celebrity 40]]
| 28th
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Forbes Korea's Top 'Power Celebrity 40' List 2013|url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/forbes-koreas-top-power-celebrity-40-list-2013-032351781.html|via=Yahoo! News|work=Manila Bulletin|date=February 28, 2013|access-date=May 23, 2021|archive-date=May 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523081111/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/forbes-koreas-top-power-celebrity-40-list-2013-032351781.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Oh Yeon-seo}}
* {{KMDb person|00044592}}
* {{IMDb name|nm4696551}}
* {{Hancinema person|Oh_Yeon-seo}}

{{Korea Drama Awards Top Excellence Award, Actress}}
{{APAN Star Awards for Newcomer Awards}}
{{IHQ (company)}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oh, Yeon-seo}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Daegu]]
[[Category:South Korean television actresses]]
[[Category:South Korean web series actresses]]
[[Category:South Korean female idols]]
[[Category:South Korean film actresses]]
[[Category:South Korean women pop singers]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean women singers]]
[[Category:IHQ (company) artists]]
[[Category:Dongguk University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Changnyeong County]]
[[Category:People from Jinju]]
[[Category:Actresses from South Gyeongsang Province]]

Jogye Order

2025-07-01T04:47:39Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Korean Buddhist order}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img=Kyong Ho Seong-Wu, 75th Patriarch.jpg
|caption=Kyong Ho Seong-Wu, 75th Patriarch
|hangul=^조계종
|hanja =曹溪宗
}}
{{Zen Buddhism}}
{{Korean Buddhism}}

The '''Jogye Order''', officially known as the '''Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism''', (대한불교조계종, 大韓佛敎曹溪宗), is the leading order of traditional [[Korean Buddhism]], with roots dating back 1,200 years to the late [[Silla|Silla period]]. Around 820 CE, National Master Doui introduced [[Korean Seon|Seon]] ([[Zen]] in the West) and the teachings of the Sixth [[Patriarch (Buddhism)|Patriarch]], [[Huineng]], from [[China]]. The order's name, Jogye, originates from the village where Huineng's home temple, [[Nanhua Temple]], is located.({{CJKV|t=曹溪|s=曹溪|p=cáo xī|k=조계|rr=Jogye}}).<ref name="buswell">{{cite book|last=Buswell|first=Robert E.|title=The Zen Monastic Experience|year=1993|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=069103477X|chapter=Chapter 1: Buddhism in Contemporary Korea}}</ref>

The Jogye Order rose to prominence in the late 11th century when the monk [[Jinul]] combined the direct practices of [[Korean Seon]] with the theological foundations of sutra-based Buddhist schools and [[Pure Land Buddhism]].<ref name="koreaoldandnew">{{cite book|title=Korea Old And New: A History|year=1991|publisher=Ilchokak Publishers|isbn=0962771309|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780962771309/page/94 94]|author=Carter J. Eckert (Author), Ki-Baik Lee, Young Ick Lew, Michael Robinson, Edward W. Wagner|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780962771309/page/94}}</ref>

By 1994, the Jogye Order oversaw 1,725 temples, 10,056 clerics, and had 9,125,991 adherents.<ref name="huntley">{{cite book|last=Grayson|first=James Huntley|title=Korea: a religious history|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2002|pages=190|isbn=978-0-7007-1605-0}}</ref>

The international [[Kwan Um School of Zen]], a Jogye school, was founded by Seon Master [[Seungsahn]], the 78th Patriarch, who received dharma teachings from Seon Master Gobong.

==History==
The original "Nine Mountain Schools" of Seon, which descended from [[Chan Buddhism]], were instrumental in the development of the nation during the Later Silla and thereafter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Korean Seon Buddhism: the thriving and profound tradition, history and practices of Seon Buddhists - Buddha Weekly: Buddhist Practices, Mindfulness, Meditation |url=https://buddhaweekly.com/korean-seon-buddhism-the-thriving-and-profound-tradition-history-and-practices-of-seon-buddhists/#the-nine-schools |access-date=2025-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://encyclopediaofbuddhism.org/wiki/Nine_Mountains_school_of_Seon |title=The Seonjong Gusan [9 Holy Zen-sect Buddhist Mountains]}}</ref> During the [[Goryeo]] period, the [[Cheontae]] school rose to prominence under the leadership of [[Uicheon]], attracting many talented monks and compelling Seon practitioners to innovate.<ref name="koreaoldandnew" /> In response, Buddhist leaders [[Jinul]] and [[Taego Bou]] led major Seon movements. Jinul, in particular, sought to establish an order founded in the direct practices of Seon but also gave importance to sutra study and [[nianfo|the recitation of the name]] of [[Amitābha]] as found in the [[Pure Land]] teachings.<ref name="koreaoldandnew" /> The basic precept Jinul advocated was "sudden enlightenment followed by gradual cultivation".<ref name="buswell" /><ref name="koreaoldandnew" />

The Jogye Order was established as the leading Seon tradition until the persecution during the Joseon dynasty. Its inclusive nature and emphasis on continuous discipline garnered significant support from the military establishment, allowing it to flourish in monasteries across the [[Korean peninsula]].<ref name="koreaoldandnew" />

However, during the Joseon period, Buddhism was repressed in favor of [[Korean Confucianism|Neo-Confucianism]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} During the reign of [[Sejong]] (r. 1418-1450), two sects were formed, one of all the doctrinal schools and another of all the Seon schools. These were then temporarily disbanded under the reign of [[Yeonsangun of Joseon|Yonsangun]] (r. 1494-1506), resulting in great confusion.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

During the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)]], National Masters [[Hyujeong|Seosan]] and Samyeong raised armies that protected the nation, which improved the situation of Buddhism for a time.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} However, it was not until the political reforms of 1895 that monks were permitted in the cities again. Then, in 1899, under the leadership of Seon Master [[Gyeongheo]] (1849-1912), monks petitioned from [[Haeinsa]] to reestablish the traditions and the philosophical basis for a reconstructed Buddhist order. Eventually, the [[Wonjong]] and [[Imjejong]] orders of the [[Linji school]] were founded, and attempts were made to revive the doctrinal schools and to reestablish activities in the cities. These movements were soon suppressed during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese occupation]], which began in 1910.

Reaction to the occupation by Japan was mixed in the Jogye. While some collaborated with the authorities,<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|title=World: Asia-Pacific, Buddhist brawl in Seoul|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/472155.stm|access-date=14 July 2013|newspaper=BBC News UK|date=12 October 1999}}</ref> monks such as [[Yongsong]] and [[Manhae]] led efforts to keep Korean Buddhist traditions alive. In 1921, the [[Sonhakwon Seon Meditation Center]] was established, and in 1929, a Monks’ Conference of Joseon was held. In 1937, a movement for the establishment of a Central Headquarters began, which was successful with the building of the [[Main Buddha Hall]] of [[Jogyesa]] in Seoul in 1938. Finally, in 1941, the Joseon Buddhism Jogye Order which was distinctly Korean and free from Japanese influence, was established. This was the first legal Buddhist order in modern Korea and the precursor of today's Jogye Order.

Following liberation from Japan in 1945, Seon monks who had preserved and cherished Korean Buddhist traditions began a purification drive to re-establish the traditional celibate orders and take back the temples from married priests, a remnant of the Japanese Occupation. Finally, in 1955 the Jogye Order was established centered on celibate monks; however, as a result of mediation between the elder monks and the government, already-married priests were also included.

On April 11, 1962, the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism was officially established with three main goals: training and education; sutra translation into Korean from [[Hanja]]; and propagation. These goals continue to guide the Jogye Order today as well. It was in 1947-1949 that a group of monks at [[Bongamsa]] began a movement advocating "Living According to the Teachings of the Buddha" and this provided the opportunity for the establishment of fundamental principles and traditions as well as the accepted ceremonies of the order.

===Internal conflicts and scandals===
In the late 1990s, a struggle broke out between two factions of the Order for who would appoint the heads of major temples in Korea.<ref name="bbc" /> Although the court ruled in favor of the Purification and Reform Committee (PRC), the ruling was not sufficiently enforced, and fighting broke out between hundreds of monks using makeshift weaponry.

In more recent years, the Jogye Order has been beset with scandals involving [[gambling]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Buddhist Monks Gambling: South Korea Jogye Order Monks Offer To Resign Amid Gambling Scandal|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/10/buddhist-monks-gambling-south-korea_n_1505647.html|access-date=14 July 2013|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=10 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=South Korea's Buddhists monks tackle modern challenges|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18482726|access-date=14 July 2013|newspaper=BBC News UK|date=26 June 2012}}</ref> and [[sexual misconduct]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Accusations fly as SKorea Buddhist monk scandal deepens|url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/82594/skorea-buddhist-monk-scandal-deepens/|access-date=14 July 2013|newspaper=Asian Correspondent|date=16 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="성호스님, 여승 성폭행 하려다…" 연일 충격|url=http://www.mt.co.kr/view/mtview.php?type=1&no=2012051523522867682&outlink=1|access-date=14 July 2013|newspaper=Money Today News|date=5 May 2012}}</ref>

===Conflicts with the Lee Myung-bak government===
The Jogye Order faced conflict with the government led by former President [[Lee Myung-bak]], a conservative [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian Christian]]. The government is at odds with the Jogye Order due to the decreasing of Temple Stay funding, the lack of government recognition of the [[Lantern Festival]], and the omission of Buddhist temples, even famous ones, while marking the locations of even minor Christian churches in the new address system.<ref>{{cite news | first = Yun-jeong (윤정) | last = Hwang (황) | script-title=ko:불교계-정부 화해무드 다시 급랭하나 | date = 2011-07-19 | url = http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2011/07/19/0200000000AKR20110719130800005.HTML | work=[[Yonhap News Agency]] | access-date = 2011-09-25 | language = ko}}</ref> After Lee's ascendance to the Presidency the high proportion of Christians in relation to Buddhists in the public sector became known–particularly the president's cabinet, where there were 12 Christians to only one Buddhist,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/305984.html|title=Buddhists set to protest against Lee's religious bias|date=August 22, 2008|publisher=[[The Hankyoreh]]}}</ref> among other reported incidents.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,411541,00.html|title=South Korea Buddhists March Against Christian President, Alleging Religious Discrimination|date=August 27, 2008|publisher=[[Fox News]]|access-date=2008-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901161010/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,411541,00.html|archive-date=2008-09-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2006, according to the ''Asia Times'', "Lee also sent a video prayer message to a Christian rally held in the southern city of Busan in which the worship leader prayed feverishly: 'Lord, let the Buddhist temples in this country crumble down!'"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/JB01Dg01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512022433/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/JB01Dg01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=2008-05-12 |title=A 'God-given' president-elect |publisher=Atimes.com |date=2008-02-01 |access-date=2012-03-06}}</ref> Further, according to an article in ''Buddhist-Christian Studies'': "Over the course of the last decade a fairly large number of Buddhist temples in South Korea have been destroyed or damaged by fire by misguided Protestant fundamentalists. More recently, Buddhist statues have been identified as idols, attacked and decapitated. Arrests are hard to effect, as the arsonists and vandals work by stealth of night."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wells |first1=Harry L. |title=Korean Temple Burnings and Vandalism: The Response of the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies |journal=Buddhist-Christian Studies |date=2000 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=239–240 |doi=10.1353/bcs.2000.0035 |s2cid=170596276 |id={{Project MUSE|3495}} }}</ref>

===Proposal for establishing 'World Meditation Day' submitted to the UN===
On September 20, 2024, the Chief Administrator of the Jogye Order held a press conference at the Korean Buddhist History and Culture Memorial Hall in Jongno, Seoul, announcing plans to officially propose the establishment of "World Meditation Day" on May 21 (tentatively) during a visit to the [[UN]] headquarters in New York.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lim|first=Hye Ji|title=조계종, UN에 ‘세계 명상의 날’ 제정 제안한다… 총무원장 내달 방미|trans-title=Jogye Order Proposes Establishing 'World Meditation Day' at the UN… Chief Administrator to Visit U.S. Next Month|language=ko|url=https://www.newscj.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=3180687|access-date=23 September 2024|newspaper=Cheonji Ilbo|date=20 September 2024}}</ref>

==Head temples==

The numerous temples of the Jogye order are arranged under 24 "head temples." The head temples each oversee a district (''gyogu''), containing a large number of subordinate temples.{{ref|head1}}

:1. [[Jogyesa]]: [[Gyeonji-dong]], [[Jongno District]], central [[Seoul]].
:2. [[Yongjusa]]: [[Taean-eup]], [[Hwaseong City|Hwaseong]], southern [[Gyeonggi Province]].
:3. [[Sinheungsa]]: [[Seorak-dong]], [[Sokcho]], eastern [[Gangwon Province, South Korea|Gangwon Province]].
:4. [[Woljeongsa]]: [[Jinbu-myeon]], [[Pyeongchang County]], central [[Gangwon Province, South Korea|Gangwon Province]].
:5. [[Beopjusa]]: [[Naesongni-myeon]], [[Boeun County]], [[North Chungcheong Province]].
:6. [[Magoksa]] : [[Sagok-myeon]], [[Gongju]], [[South Chungcheong Province]].
:7. [[Sudeoksa]]: [[Deoksan-myeon]], [[Yesan County]], [[South Chungcheong Province]].
:8. [[Jikjisa]] : [[Daehang-myeon]], [[Gimcheon]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]].
:9. [[Donghwasa]]: [[Dohak-dong]], [[Dong District, Daegu|Dong District]], [[Daegu]].
:10. [[Eunhaesa]]: [[Cheongtong-myeon]], [[Yeongcheon]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]].
:11. [[Bulguksa]]: [[Jinhyeon-dong]], [[Gyeongju]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]]
:12. [[Haeinsa]]: [[Gaya-myeon]], [[Hapcheon County]], [[South Gyeongsang Province]].
:13. [[Ssanggyesa]]: [[Hwagae-myeon]], [[Hadong County]], [[South Gyeongsang Province]].
:14. [[Beomeosa]]: [[Cheongnyong-dong]], [[Geumjeong District]], [[Busan]].
:15. [[Tongdosa]]: [[Habuk-myeon]], [[Yangsan]], [[South Gyeongsang Province]].
:16. [[Gounsa]] : [[Danchon-myeon]], [[Uiseong County]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]].
:17. [[Geumsansa]]: [[Geumsan-myeon]], [[Gimje]], [[North Jeolla Province]].
:18. [[Baegyangsa]]: [[Bukha-myeon]], [[Jangseong County]], [[South Jeolla Province]].
:19. [[Hwaeomsa]]: [[Masan-myeon]], [[Gurye County]], [[South Jeolla Province]].
:20. [[Songgwangsa]]: [[Songgwang-myeon]], [[Suncheon]], [[South Jeolla Province]].
:21. [[Daeheungsa]]: [[Samsan-myeon, Haenam County|Samsan-myeon]], [[Haenam County]], [[South Jeolla Province]].
:22. Gwaneumsa: Ara-dong, [[Jeju City]], [[Jeju Province]].
:23. [[Seonunsa]]: [[Asan-myeon]], [[Gochang County]], [[North Jeolla Province]].
:24. [[Bongseonsa]]: [[Jinjeop-eup]], [[Namyangju]], [[Gyeonggi Province]].

==See also==
*[[Huineng]], the Sixth Patriarch
*[[Jinul]], credited as the founder of Jogye Order
*[[Taego Bou]]
*[[Gyeongheo]]
*[[Cheongnyeonsa]]
*[[Mangong]]
*[[Hanam Jungwon]]
*[[Kobong]]
*[[Hyobong Sunim]]
*[[Seongcheol]]
*[[Seungsahn]]
*[[Pohwa]]
*[[Samu (sunim)]]
*[[Chan Buddhism]]
*[[Five Houses of Chán]]
*[[Caodong school]]
*[[Linji school]]
*[[Korean Seon]]
*[[Nine mountain schools]]
*[[Taego Order]]
*[[Kwan Um School of Zen]]
*[[Chogye International Zen Center]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]
*[[Religion in Korea]]
*[[Shingumdo]]— a sword school that emerged from the [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] of a Jogye Order monk
*[[Banyasa]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.buddhism.or.kr/ Official site, in Korean]
*[http://www.koreanbuddhism.net/ Official site, in English]
*[http://www.kwanumzen.com/ Kwan Um School of Zen, in English]

[[Category:Jogye Order| ]]
[[Category:1354 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Kwan Um School of Zen| ]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in Korea]]

Heungcheonsa

2025-07-01T04:29:10Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox religious building
| name = Heungcheonsa
| image = Heungcheonsa in winter 01.jpg
| caption = The temple in winter (2024)
| religious_affiliation = [[Jogye Order]], [[Korean Buddhism]]
| coordinates = {{coord|37.598242|127.009228|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Donam-dong]], [[Seongbuk District]], [[Seoul]], South Korea
| website = {{URL|http://www.heungcheonsa.net/}} (in Korean)
| module = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=14}}{{Infobox Korean name/auto
| hangul= ^흥천사
| hanja= 興天寺
| child= yes
}}
}}

'''Heungcheonsa''' ({{korean|흥천사}}) is a Buddhist temple of the [[Jogye Order]] in [[Donam-dong]], [[Seongbuk District]], [[Seoul]], South Korea.

Daebang Hall, one of the buildings in the temple, is a [[National Registered Cultural Heritage (South Korea)|National Registered Cultural Heritage of South Korea]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daebang Hall of Heungcheonsa Temple, Seoul - Heritage Search |url=https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=79&ccebAsno=05830000&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=HEUNGCHEONSA&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd= |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |language=en}}</ref>

The first predecessor to the current temple was built in 1396, during the reign of [[Taejo of Joseon|King Taejo]] in the early [[Joseon]] period. It was originally built in [[Jeong-dong]] near [[Gyeongbokgung]], to the east side of the tomb of [[Queen Sindeok]], who had died in the previous year.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |script-title=ko:도심 속 몸과 마음의 쉼표가 되어주는 절, 흥천사 여행 |url=https://mediahub.seoul.go.kr/archives/2005030 |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=mediahub.seoul.go.kr |language=ko}}</ref> It was made the head temple of the Jogye order.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |script-title=ko:흥천사(興天寺) |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0066057 |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |language=ko}}</ref> A three-story pavilion was constructed in June 1398. In December 1504, the temple burned down due to a conflict between Confucian and Buddhist scholars.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A large bell for the temple was moved to the palace [[Deoksugung]], where it now remains, and is now [[National Treasure (South Korea)|National Treasure No. 1460]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> In 1569, the temple was rebuilt in a different location. In 1794, the temple was moved to its current location, and renamed to Sinheungsa ({{Korean|hangul=신흥사|hanja=神興寺|labels=no}}).<ref name=":0" /> In 1865, under the reign of King [[Gojong of Korea|Gojong]], it was renamed to its current name.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:Seongbuk District]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]

Gwaneumsa (Seoul)

2025-07-01T04:28:36Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img=A monk strolling around Gwanseumsa.JPG
|hangul=^관음사
|hanja=觀音寺
}}

'''Gwaneumsa''' ({{korean|hangul=관음사}}) is a [[Buddhist temple]] of the [[Jogye Order]] in [[Seoul]], South Korea. Believed to have been established in 895, it is located in 519-3 [[Namhyeon-dong]] in the [[Gwanak District]] of the city.

==See also==
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]

==External links==
*[http://www.kwaneumsa.net www.kwaneumsa.net] - Official web site (in Korean)
*{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130112051459/http://koreatemple.net/korea_temple/traditional_temple/history/view.asp?temple_seq=100&category_id=7 koreatemple.net]}}

{{coord missing|South Korea}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:Gwanak District]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:9th-century establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:9th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:895 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 890s]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Gaeunsa

2025-07-01T04:28:03Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|image=Gaeunsa temple 개운사 9.jpg
|hangul=^개운사
|hanja=開運寺
}}
{{maplink|type1=point|coord1={{coord|37|35|24|N|127|1|42|E}}
|frame=yes|zoom=9|text=Site of Gaeunsa}}

'''Gaeunsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=개운사}}) is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[temple]] of the [[Jogye Order]] in [[Seoul]], South Korea. Founded in 1396 by the Buddhist monk [[Muhak]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim Wi-seok |script-title=ko:개운사(開運寺) Gaeunsa |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0001701 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |language=ko}}</ref> it is located at 15 Anam 5-dong in the [[Seongbuk District]] area of the city.

== Gallery ==
<gallery perrow="5">
File:Gaeunsa_maingate.jpg|Front gate
File:Gaeunsa_Daeungjeon.jpg|alt=
File:Gaeunsa.jpg
File:Gaeunsa_Geumryunjeon.jpg|alt=
File:Gaeunsa_Buddha_Statue.jpg|alt=
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=6711&contentno=6711 www.encyber.com]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{coord|37.5900|N|127.0283|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:1396 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in Korea]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Doseonsa

2025-07-01T04:27:38Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
|name=Doseonsa
|religious_affiliation= [[Jogye Order]]
|image=Encykorea-서울_도선사_중_호국참회원_일원.jpg
|caption=The temple (before 1988)
|module={{Infobox mapframe}}{{Infobox Korean name/auto
| hangul = ^도선사
|hanja = 道詵寺
| child = yes
}}
}}
'''Doseonsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=도선사}}) is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[temple]] of the [[Jogye Order]] in [[Seoul]], South Korea, named after its supposed founder, [[Doseon]]. It is located at 264 [[Ui-dong]], in the [[Gangbuk District]] area of the city and is the largest temple complex on [[Bukhansan]], the most prominent mountain north of Seoul. The temple was dedicated in 862, though none of its original structures survive.

==See also==
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]

==External links==
*[http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=48050&contentno=48050 www.encyber.com]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{coord|37|39|19|N|126|59|23|E|type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gangbuk District]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:862 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 860s]]
[[Category:9th-century establishments in Korea]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Daegaksa

2025-07-01T04:27:09Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img=File:Daegaksa.jpg
|caption=
|hangul=^대각사
|hanja=大覺寺
}}
'''Daegaksa''' ({{Korean|hangul=대각사}}) is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[temple]] of the [[Jogye Order]] in [[Bongik 2-dong]], [[Jongno District]], [[Seoul]], South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46648&docId=534638&categoryId=46648|script-title=ko:대각사|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko|trans-title=Daegaksa|access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref>

Daegaksa Temple, established in 1911 by the Buddhist monk Yongseong Seunim, is located near Changdeokgung Palace. Yongseong was one of the 33 leaders who participated in the March 1st Movement for Korean independence and played an influential role in modernizing Korean Buddhism. Initially, the temple began as a small hanok, but it underwent a complete reconstruction in 1986. Today, Daegaksa features a main gate, a belfry, and a three-story temple structure.

==See also==
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604171743/http://koreatemple.net/korea_temple/traditional_temple/history/view.asp?temple_seq=2&category_id=7 koreatemple.net]}}

{{Coord|37|34|25.8|N|126|59|30.8|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:Jongno District]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Bongwonsa

2025-07-01T04:26:33Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img=Bongwon Temple Seoul.JPG
|caption=Part of Bongwon Temple
|hangul=^봉원사
|hanja=奉元寺
}}

'''Bongwonsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=봉원사}}; also '''Bongwon Temple''') is a South Korean [[Buddhist]] temple in [[Bongwon-dong]], [[Seodaemun District]], [[Seoul]], South Korea.

== Description ==
It is located at the base of the mountain [[Ansan]]. It is the head temple of the [[Taego Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=조 |first=용길 |script-title=ko:봉원사 (奉元寺) |work=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0023976 |access-date=2024-06-18 |publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]] |language=ko}}</ref>

More than 50 monks live at the temple and are engaged in education and social welfare work.

== History ==
It was founded in 889 by Master [[Doseon]] at where [[Yonsei University]] is now located. The temple was moved to its present location in 1748.<ref name=":0" />

Part of the temple was destroyed in 1950 during the [[Korean War]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1966 a new hall was built, but this was later moved to another part of the city. In 1991, while a new Hall of 3000 Buddhas was being built, a fire destroyed the Main Buddha Hall, which was rebuilt in 1994.

[[File:Bonwongsa hall of 3000 Buddha's.jpg|thumb|Bonwongsa hall of 3000 Buddha's]]
[[File:Bonwongsa hall of 3000 Buddha's - interior.jpg|thumb|Bonwongsa hall of 3000 Buddha's - interior]]In the summer of 2004, it was discovered that serial killer [[Yoo Young-chul]] had buried around eleven bodies of his victims near the temple.

== Sixteen Arhat statues ==
[[File:16 Arhat statues at Bonwongsa.jpg|thumb|16 Arhat statues at Bonwongsa.]]

In the garden of the Buddhist Temple one can find 16 white statues. These are the 16 [[Arhat]] - the Enlightened ones. In [[Theravada]] Buddhism and in [[Mahayana]] Buddhism, the Arhat (saint) has attained enlightenment and may choose to guide others or not.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

==See also==
*[[Doseon]]
*[[Taego Order]]
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://bongwonsa.or.kr/eng/ Temple website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929202937/http://bongwonsa.or.kr/eng/ |date=2007-09-29 }}

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{WikidataCoord|display=title}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:Taego Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Seodaemun District]]
[[Category:9th-century establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:9th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:889 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 880s]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Bongeunsa

2025-07-01T04:26:05Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Bongeunsa
| native_name = 봉은사
| native_name_lang = ko
| image = Bongeunsa Seoul 5.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Mireuk Daebul statue of the bodhisattva Maitreya at Bongeunsa (2022)
| religious_affiliation = [[Jogye Order]] of Korean Buddhism
| tradition = [[Korean Buddhism]]
| sect =
| district =
| prefecture =
| province =
| region =
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| organisational_status = 
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| location = [[Samseong-dong]], [[Gangnam District]], [[Seoul]]
| locale =
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| state =
| country = South Korea
| grid_name =
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| coordinates = {{Coord|37|30|56|N|127|03|26|E|display=title,inline|region:KR_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| heritage_designation =
| architect =
| architecture_type = [[temple]]
| architecture_style = [[Korean Buddhist temples]]
| founded_by = Yeonhoeguksa ({{Korean|hangul=연회국사|labels=no}})
| creator =
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| general_contractor =
| established = 794 ([[Silla]])
| groundbreaking =
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| elevation_footnotes =
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| website = [http://www.bongeunsa.org/ Bongeunsa]
| module = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=14}}{{Infobox Korean name/auto
| hangul = ^봉은사
| hanja = 奉恩寺
| child = yes
}}
}}

'''Bongeunsa''' ({{korean|봉은사|奉恩寺}}) is a [[Korean Buddhism|Korean Buddhist]] temple located in [[Samseong-dong]], [[Gangnam District]], [[Seoul]], South Korea.<ref>{{cite news|title=13 things you've got to do in Seoul|url=http://travel.cnn.com/top-things-do-and-see-seoul-915321|accessdate=26 February 2013|newspaper=CNN Travel|date=17 December 2012|author=Rachel Sang-hee Han|author2=Frances Cha}}</ref> It was founded in 794 during the reign of [[Wonseong of Silla|King Wonseong]] by State Preceptor Yeonhoe ({{korean|연회|緣會|labels=no}}), then the highest ranking monk of [[Silla]]. The temple was originally named '''Gyeonseongsa''' ({{korean|견성사|見性寺|labels=no}}). It is located on the slope of Sudo Mountain, across the street from the [[COEX Mall]].

==History==
===Joseon Dynasty===
During the [[Joseon]] period, [[Korean Buddhism|Buddhism in Korea]] was severely suppressed. However, The temple began to be known as Bongeunsa when it was reconstructed in 1498 under the patronage of [[Queen Jeonghyeon]], a Joseon Queen. The term Bongeunsa means the act of honoring the king, which here can be understood as taking the form of praying for king Seongjong's eternal life.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Temples of Korea|last=Yoo|first=Myeong-jong|publisher=Myeong-jong|year=2009|pages=140|language=en}}</ref>

With the support of [[Queen Munjeong]], who revived Buddhism in [[Korea]] for a short time in the mid-16th century, it became the main temple of the [[Zen#Seon in Korea|Korean Seon]] (Chan) sect of Buddhism from 1551 through 1936.<ref name="buddhapia">{{Cite web |url=http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/eng/temple/korexp/html/bu5.html |title=buddhapia.com |accessdate=2010-06-04 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608081303/http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/eng/temple/korexp/html/bu5.html |archive-date=2010-06-08 }}</ref> Monk Bou was appointed head of the temple in 1548 by Queen Munjeong but was killed soon afterward as the anti-Buddhist factions regained dominance in Korea towards the end of Queen Munjeong's rule. From 1552 to 1564, Bongeunsa was the center of the Buddhist National Exam.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===Korean Empire to Japanese occupation===
Bongeunsa was made one of the Korean Empire's 14 major temples in 1902. During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation]], the temple became the headquarters of 80 smaller Buddhist temples around Seoul. In 1922 and 1929, Head Monk Cheongho saved over 700 people from drowning in the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]], an act that inspired a monument of recognition. After colonial rule, Bongeunsa became subordinate to the [[Jogye Order]], the largest Buddhist sect in Korea.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===Destruction and reconstruction===
A fire in 1939 destroyed most of the buildings, and other parts of the temple were destroyed during the [[Korean War]]. Fortunately, Panjeon ({{korean|판전|板殿|labels=no}}), one of the very few halls which escaped destruction during the Korean War, continues to hold the [[Woodcut|woodblock]] carvings of the [[Flower Garland Sutra]] created in 1855 by Monk Yeonggi. The temple has undergone many repairs and renovations and is now once again a large, thriving complex. The reconstruction efforts are ongoing even today.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

==Tourism==
The temple is a notable tourist destination, offering a [[Temple Stay]] program in which visitors can experience the life of a monk. Participants can experience various traditions linked with the temple's history. They can experience ''baru gongyang'' ({{korean|발우 공양|鉢盂供養|labels=no}}), a Buddhist temple meal using a ''baru'' ({{korean|발우|鉢盂|labels=no}}), which is a rice bowl used by monks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://temple.bongeunsa.org/public_html/explain/temple.asp|script-title=ko:봉은사 템플스테이 프로그램 설명|website=봉은사}}</ref>

The area on the main street from the temple to Park Hyatt Hotel has a large concentration of vegetarian and other upscale restaurants that serve Korean cuisine with a modern twist.<ref>{{cite news|title=Feast of food in a concrete jungle|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2939690|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=3 August 2011|author=Cho Jae-eun|author2=Chang Hae-won|author3=Choung Hyuk-min|url-status = usurped|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216075008/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2939690|archive-date=16 February 2013}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Korea-Seoul-Bongeunsa-09.jpg|alt=
File:Korea-Seoul-Bongeunsa-04.jpg|alt=
File:Korea-Seoul-Bongeunsa-28.jpg|alt=
File:Korea-Seoul-Bongeunsa-27.jpg|alt=
File:COEX as seen from Bongeunsa temple.jpg|alt=
File:봉은사-4609050968 648755565f c.jpg
File:Korea-Seoul-Bongeunsa-06.jpg|alt=
File:Bongeunsa Seoul 9.jpg|alt=
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]
*[[Korean architecture]]
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bongeunsa}}
* [http://www.bongeunsa.org Bongeunsa] (Official site)
* [http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/seoul/bongeunsa.php Asian Historical Architecture: Bongeunsa Temple]

{{World Trade Center Seoul}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gangnam District]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of Silla]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Historic buildings and structures in Seoul]]

Unjusa

2025-07-01T04:20:51Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in South Korea}}

{{Infobox religious building
| name =Unjusa
| image =Korea-Unjusa 4507-07 Cilcheung Seoktap facing Unjusa Seokjo Bulgam.JPG
| caption =
| alt =
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| sect =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =[[South Jeolla]]
| district =
| location =
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
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| inscriptions =
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| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^운주사
|hanja=雲住寺 or 運舟寺
| child = yes}}
}}

'''Unjusa''' or '''Unju Temple''' is a [[Korean Buddhist temple]] located in [[Hwasun County]], [[South Jeolla]] province, [[South Korea]]. It is 26 km (16 mi) southwest of Hwasun County or 40 km (24 mi) south of [[Gwangju]]. Compared with other temples in South Korea, this temple has an unusual collection of stone [[Buddha]] statues and stone [[pagodas]], so Unjusa is often referred to as the mysterious temple.<ref name="KTO">{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264297 |title=Jeollanam-do » Hwasun-gun » Unjusa Temple |publisher=[[Korea Tourism Organization]]}}</ref> Among several assumptions regarding its origin, the most widely known one is that Monk [[Doseon]] founded the temple based on [[geomancy]] during the late period of [[Silla Dynasty]] (57 BC – 935 AD), but the origins remain unverified.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=175736&v=43 |script-title=ko:운주사 |publisher=[[Empas]] / [[Britannica]] |author=Yi, Suk-hui (이숙희)|language=Korean}}</ref>

Unjusa is designated as Treasure #312 and is the site of the well known Treasure #796, Unjusa Gucheung Seaktap (Nine-story Stone Pagoda at Unjusa).

==Origin==
[[File:Korea-Unjusa-01.jpg|thumb|View from above Unjusa]]
Four excavations and two academic studies occurred at the temple, conducted by [[Chonnam National University|Jeonnam National University]] Museum from 1984 to 1991, but the exact time the temple was built, by whom, and construction methods remains a mystery.<ref name="Britannica" />

Legend has it that according to the traditional theory of Korean geomancy, the peninsula was thought to be unbalanced and in danger of capsizing because there were fewer mountains in [[Honam]], the southwestern part of the peninsula, than in [[Yeongnam]], in the southeastern part. To prevent this disaster, one night Monk Doseon ({{Korean|hangul=도선국사|labels=no}}) called stone [[masonry|mason]]s down from heaven to build a thousand Buddha statues and pagodas at Unjusa, in the southwestern part of the peninsula.<ref name="LP">Story, R:"Korea" page 257. Lonely Planet, 7th ed. 2007</ref> However, before the last Buddha statues could be completed, the cock crowed recalling the stonemasons back to heaven just before the crack of dawn, leaving two statues lying unfinished on the ground. These two unfinished statues became known as "Wabul" ({{Korean|hangul=와불|labels=no}}) or The Stone Statues of the Lying Buddha.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120718033949/http://www.asiatour.com/korea/e-08sowt/ek-sow19.htm Unknown]</ref>

A more practical explanation is that Unjusa was created as a school for stonemasons.<ref name="LP" />

==Pagodas and statues==
Unjusa is known for being as the only Korean Buddhist temple to ever have had over a thousand stone Buddha statues and stone pagodas(Cheonbul Cheontap, 천불천탑), as documented in the 1432 text ''[[Donggukyeojiseungram]]'' ({{Korean|hangul=동국여지승람|labels=no}}).<ref>"The 'Geography of the Nation', completed in the 14th year of Sejong (1432), contained various information on land, population, and historical figures of each district. This book was then included in the book of 'Sejong Shilrok.' In the 12th year of SEONGJONG (1481), following the new edition policy, 'DONGGUKYEOJISEUNGRAM' was published. In this edition, there was greater volume of information about human geography and at the same time, poems were also attached. It was used as a geographical reference by the SADAEBUs in their daily lives and was an enjoying read. A newly revised 'New DONGGUKYEOJISEUNGRAM' was published in the 26th year of JUNGJONGg, 1531, and still remains today."[http://eng.korean.net/wcms/list.jsp?bID=4184&pageID=04025272&byid=7]</ref> All the statues are thought to have remained intact until at least the early [[Joseon Dynasty]] (1392–1910).
[[File:Korea-Unjusa 4457-07.JPG|400px|left]]
Presently only 91 stone Buddha statues and 21 stone pagodas still remain.<ref name="Britannica" /> The 21 stone pagodas that are scattered in the surrounding fields and mountains vary in shape and are 3,5,7 and 9 stories in height. The square pagodas are narrow and tall with flat roof stones, typical features of pagodas from the [[Goryeo]] period (918-1392). It is of special note that geometrical patterns like X and III are carved on the surfaces of the pagodas. These are the most common techniques frequently observed among the remaining pagodas of Unjusa, along with the geometric wrinkle patterns of the stone Buddha statue's garments.

The remaining Buddha statues scattered throughout the fields around, and on the grounds of, Unjusa vary in size from dozens of centimeters/inches to more than 10m/33 ft high. The statues all have similar features unique to Unjusa having pillar-like bodies, simple faces, arms and hands that are out of proportion with the rest of the figures, wearing clumsy drapes of plain Buddhist robes - features that are similar to localized features of stone Buddha statues of the Goryeo period.

Unjusa enshrines many special stone statues of Buddha presenting good examples of religious symbols, supporting the belief that the existence of these stone Buddhas and stone pagodas will greatly enhance the research of Buddhist art history in Korea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.chosun.com/english/photo/gallery/stones/text.html |title=Digital Chosunilbo (English Edition) : Daily News in English About Korea |website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021020024757/http://english.chosun.com/english/photo/gallery/stones/text.html |archive-date=2002-10-20}}</ref>

==Temple Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Korea-Unjusa 4556-07.JPG | Unjusa main worship hall
File:Korea-Unjusa 4557-07 Dacheung Seoktap.JPG | Unjusa Dacheung Seoktap (stone pagoda) and worship hall
File:Korea-Unjusa 4537-07 Buddha.JPG | Unjusa main worship hall Buddha
File:Korea-Unjusa_4461-07.JPG | Pagodas lined up on the grounds of Unjusa
</gallery>

==Treasures and Tangible Cultural Properties==

Monk Doseon found the topology of the valley to be suggestive of a great ship so he thought his temple needed a sail and shipmaster. The square, tall pagodas, erected along a straight line down the center of the valley represent the masts of the ship's sail, where the rounded pagodas and Buddhas found throughout the grounds represent the crew.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eng.hwasun.go.kr/english/html/sub03/Tourist02_1_4.html |title=Welcome to Hwasun County homepage |access-date=2008-12-13 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140748/http://eng.hwasun.go.kr/english/html/sub03/Tourist02_1_4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Unjusa Gucheung Seoktap (Nine-storied Stone Pagoda at Unjusa)===
[[File:Korea-Unjusa 4498-07 Gucheung Seoktap.JPG|thumb|right|100px|Unjusa Gucheung Seoktap]]

This tall stone pagoda, the tallest on the grounds, is designated Treasure number 796, and is the first of the stone pagodas encountered while approaching the worship halls via the main thoroughfare. The base stone is resting on a large rock, and the pagoda is engraved with a full complement of geometric patterns. The second and third stories are constructed of four separate wall stones where the other stories are all solid, decorated with pillars on the edge and centers. The body stones have double engravings of diamond shapes with floral patterns within the diamond. With the roof stone corners jauntily lifted up and a comb-pattern along the eaves, this pagoda represents grandeur of the finish detail typical of the latter period of the Goryeo Dynasty. The [[finial]] atop the pagoda, a cylindrical stone, preserves a place for Buddha. This stone pagoda is considered one of the finest pagodas at Unjusa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_dasencgi/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db_query=A4%3a36%2cA8%3a40&v_db=2&v_doc_no=00001561&v_dblist=2&v_start_num=1&v_disp_type=4 |title=Unjusagucheungseoktap (Nine storied stone pagoda of Unjusa Temple) |access-date=2008-12-18 |archive-date=2012-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216190230/http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_dasencgi/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db_query=A4:36,A8:40&v_db=2&v_doc_no=00001561&v_dblist=2&v_start_num=1&v_disp_type=4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is Treasure #796.

===Unjusa Seokjo Bulgam (Stone Buddhist Shrine at Unjusa)===
[[File:Korea-Unjusa 4512-07 Seoktap Bulgam.JPG|thumb|right|185px|Stone Buddhist Shrine at Unjusa-south facing Buddha]]

Among the various stone pagodas and statues of Buddha that are spread over the Unju Temple grounds, the Bulgam (stone Buddhist shrine) can be found in the center of the valley. This Bulgam was constructed in the style of a wooden house having a [[hip roof]] with a ridge cap on top. Within the openings to the north and south, twin Buddha statues are positioned seated back-to-back. The Buddha facing south is seated cross legged. The Buddha facing north is carved in the same manner with the hands hidden under the robe that are believed to be in a [[mudra]], or gesture, symbolizing that the Buddha and multitude are one, which is an identifying feature of Vairocana or Buddha of Light. Because of the unique positioning of the two images, this shrine is highly valuable to the study of Buddhist sculpture. The Buddha statues present a rather stiffened expression in a plain and simple manner, known to be a local trait developed during the Goryeo Dynasty. The twin stone Buddha statues found seated back-to-back inside this shrine presents a unique sight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,07970000,36&queryText=(v_esidocode=36%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=40)&requery=&strGuCode=40&strSidoCode=36 |title=Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream|website=jikimi.cha.go.kr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014738/http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,07970000,36&queryText=(v_esidocode=36%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=40)&requery=&strGuCode=40&strSidoCode=36 |archive-date=2011-10-04}}</ref> This is Treasure #797.

===Wonhyeong Dacheung Seoktap (Multi-Storied Cylindrical Pagoda at Unjusa)===
[[File:Korea-Unjusa 4515-07 Wonhyeong Dacheung Seoktap.JPG|thumb|right|85px|Wonhyeong Dacheung Seoktap]]

This stone pagoda was constructed on a circular shaped foundation stone. Two solid stones with five facets each, forming a [[decagon]] (polygon with ten sides), make up the base of the pagoda sitting on the round foundation stone. The body and roof are made of single pieces of stone. With the exception of the base stone, all of the body and roof stones of this multi-layered pagoda are cylindrical. Every one of the main body stones have a double horizontal line carved all the way around the circumference of the stone. The first story stone above the base stones is decorated with 16 petals and a lotus flower. This stone pagoda presents unique features reflecting the characteristics of the pagodas during the Goryeo Dynasty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,07980000,36&queryText=(v_esidocode=36%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=40)&requery=&strGuCode=40&strSidoCode=36 |title=Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream|website=jikimi.cha.go.kr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014757/http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,07980000,36&queryText=(v_esidocode=36%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=40)&requery=&strGuCode=40&strSidoCode=36 |archive-date=2011-10-04}}</ref> This is Treasure #798.

===Geobuk Bawi Ohcheung Seoktap (Five-storied stone pagoda on a turtle-shaped rock base)===

This pagoda is situated on a large rock base called "Geobuk Bawi" or turtle shaped rock. Different from the other seven-storied pagodas at Unjusa, this pagoda follows the patterns of the Silla era pagodas. However, the roof stone of the pagoda has no prop supports like other Unjusa pagodas. On the upper part of the pagoda, stone material is placed connecting the main support column. In general, it follows an elegant style of masonry with the overall proportions typical of the Silla era pagoda. The height of this pagoda is 5.57m/18.3 ft and was erected during the Goryeo Dynasty. This is Tangible Cultural Property #256.

===Stone Statue of the Lying Buddha===
[[File:Korea-Unjusa 4472-07 Stone Statue of the Buddha Lying Down.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Stone Statue of the Buddha Lying Down]]

The two "Wabul", or the Lying Stone Statues of Buddha, are located on the western side of the top of the mountain heading southward. The larger Buddha on the left side has less body balance due to the narrow shoulder width compared to that of the knees. The sign of the fingers (Mudras - symbolic or ritual hand gestures) of the smaller Buddha may express the offering contentment in living to people as the Goddess of Mercy. However, the gesture is rather clumsy due to the lack of reality. The lines of dress are simply expressed by vertical and diagonal lines. A legend says that after erecting 1,000 stone statues of Buddha and pagodas in one night, Doseon Guksa (a monk in the late Silla period) was about to erect these last two statues of Buddha when he had to suspend the construction because of the first crow of the [[rooster]] at dawn, sending the stonemasons back to heaven. As the legend goes, these two Buddhas impart the most significance. The lengths of these two Buddhas are 12.73m/41.8 ft and 10.3m/33.8 ft respectively. This is Tangible Cultural Property #273

===Unjusa Kwangbae Seokbul-jwasang (Seated Stone Statue of Buddha with Nimbus at Unjusa)===

This statue is the only stone Buddha with a [[halo (religious iconography)|nimbus]] at Unjusa. The nimbus with a flame pattern was carved using a depressed engraving method on a trapezoid stone backing. The entire Buddha is carved from one solid piece of stone. The Buddha, Buddha's mudras (symbolic or ritual hand gestures), nose, eyebrows and ears are carved in relief while the nimbus is carved in depression. This is Tangible Cultural Property #274.

===Unjusa Chilcheung Seoktap (Seven-Storied Stone Pagoda at Unjusa)===

This pagoda was located originally on land used for farming so the monks of Unjusa purchased all the encompassing farmland and converted it to lawn surrounding the temple grounds. A round stone base supports the upper levers of this pagoda. The ground and second stories are made of four plate stones whose corners are engraved with imitation corner pillars. From the third story on up, each story is made from a single piece of stone with engraved imitation corner pillars. The angled rafters and eaves of the roof stones conveys linear expansion. The top ornaments (finials) are missing but the pagoda follows the typical pattern of the plain Silla pagodas. This 9.6/31.5 ft high stone pagoda was built during the Goryeo Dynasty. This is Tangible Cultural Property #276

===Unjusa Ssang-Gyochamun Chilcheung Seoktap (Seven-Storied Stone Pagoda with Crossing Pattern at Unjusa)===

This stone pagoda is situated just in front of the Seated Stone Buddha with Nimbus. The pagoda base is a large square stone. The appearance of this pagoda follows the traits of the Silla pattern, but the body stones of the pagoda wear unique patterns - crossing "X" markings on the face and diamond "<>" markings on the corners, not found on other domestic stone pagodas. The pagoda is 7.75m/25.4 ft high. This is Tangible Cultural Property #277.

===Unjusa Chilcheung Seoktap Facing Unjusa Seokjo Bulgam (Seven-Storied Stone Pagoda Facing the Stone Buddha Shrine at Unjusa)===

The body of this stone pagoda was constructed directly on a very low foundation stone, which differs from the other pagodas that incorporate much larger foundation stones. This foundation stone is 5 cm/2in high at the base of the pagoda. The angles of the four roof hips are not acute but are gently sloped in the style from the [[Baekjae|Baekjae Dynasty]] (18 BCE – 660 CE). This pagoda standing 7.5m/24.6 ft high was erected during the Goryeo Dynasty, posing stably with the harmonizing proportions between the width of the roof and the height of the pagoda. This is Tangible Cultural Property #278.

===Geobuk Bawi Gyochamun Chilcheung Seoktap (Seven-Storied Stone Pagoda with Crossing Pattern on a Turtle-Shaped Rock Base)===
[[File:Unjusa-geobuk-bawi-gyochamun-chilchcheung-seoktap-crop.JPG|thumb|right|100px|Distinctive X pattern on Geobuk Bawi Gyochamun Chilcheung Seoktap]]

This pagoda is situated on a rock base called "Turtle Rock", which is somewhat sloped to one side. The base of the pagoda is placed on the level portion of the rock. There are "X" patterns on the four sides of the body from the second story up to the seventh story. The roof stone represents the touch of the Baekjae Dynasty with a projected hip that is rare in the traditional Korean stone pagoda. This construction trait belongs to the characteristic Baekjae era stone pagoda as seen during the Goryeo era. The height of this pagoda is 7.17m/25.5 ft. This is Tangible Cultural Property #279.

===Dacheung Seoktap (Multi-Storied Stone Pagoda Facing the Main Worship Hall)===

Four stories of the body and the roof is all that remains of this stone pagoda. All other parts of the pagoda have been lost. The type of roof stone found here differs from the common roof type normally found here. The roof has three steps similar to that found on the brick pagodas, designed to look like a tiled roof. This roof design is comparable to that of the stone pagoda at Wolnamsazi in [[Gangjin]]. The height of this pagoda is 3.23m/10.6 ft and was erected during the Goryeo Dynasty. This is Tangible Cultural Property #280.

===Chilcheung Seoktap Facing Chilseong Bawi (Seven-Storied Stone Pagoda Facing the Seven-Star Rock)===

Only the body part of this pagoda was erected on the large stone bed called "Chilseong Bawi" or Seven-Star rock, no foundation or stone base was used. At the corner of each facet of the body, imitation pillars are carved in a somewhat heavy manner. The roof stones of each story have the same linear line as angled rafters, with eaves elevated at each corner to shed rain. The top roof stone serves as an ornament or finial. This stone pagoda is 7m/23 ft in height and was erected during the Goryeo Dynasty. This is Tangible Cultural Property #281.

===Balwoohyeong Dacheung Seoktap (Rice-Bowl-Shaped Multi-Storied Stone Pagoda)===
[[File:Korea-Unjusa 4551-07 Balwoohyeong Dacheung Seoktap.JPG|thumb|right|85px|Balwoohyeong Dacheung Seoktap]]

This pagoda transcends what would typically be expected in a stone pagoda. The design of the first and third stories is like that of a bead on an [[abacus]]. The faces of the second and fourth stories are smooth and rounded. Presently only four of the bead-shaped stories remain. According to the Joseon Gojeok Dobo (an illustrated book on the historic remains of stone structures),<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.aks.ac.kr/glossary/glossary_detail.asp?g_code=11950&page=9&c_code=7&search_field=&keyword=&order=g_mr&kanada= | title=조선고적도보 (Joseon historical sites walk) | access-date=2024-01-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716073637/http://www.aks.ac.kr/glossary/glossary_detail.asp?g_code=11950&page=9&c_code=7&search_field=&keyword=&order=g_mr&kanada= | archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> this stone pagoda used to have seven stories above the foundation stone. Despite the three different shapes seen here, the construction imparts a peaceful feeling. The height if this pagoda today is 4.15m/13.6 ft and was erected during the Goryeo Dynasty. This is Tangible Cultural Property #282.

===Treasures and Properties Gallery===
<gallery class="center">
File:Korea-Unjusa 4483-07 Geobuk Bawi Ohcheung Seoktap.JPG|Geobuk Bawi Ohcheung Seoktap
File:Korea-Unjusa 4516-07 Seoktap Bulgam Buddha.JPG|Seoktap Bulgam Buddha-north facing Buddha
File:Korea-Unjusa 4503-07 Gucheung Seoktap.JPG|Gucheung Seoktap
File:Korea-Unjusa 4504-07 Kwangbae Soekbul-Jwasang.JPG|Kwangbae Soekbul-Jwasang
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{in lang|ko}} [http://www.unjusa.org/ Official site, in Korean]
*[http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264297 Official Site of Korean Tourism Organization]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Hwasun County]]
[[Category:Treasures of South Korea]]

Jogyesa

2025-07-01T04:19:56Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Seoul, South Korea}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Jogyesa
| native_name = 조계사
| image = Jogyesa Temple (1509839597).jpg
| image_size =
| building_type =
| architectural_style = [[Korean architecture|Korean]]
| location_city = [[Jongno District]], [[Seoul]]
| location_country = South Korea
| coordinates = {{coord|37|34|26.09|N|126|58|54.85|E|source:kowiki_region:KR|display=title,inline}}
| current_tenants =
| start_date = 1395
| stop_date =
| opened_date =
| demolition_date =
| embedded = {{Infobox Korean name/auto | child = yes
|hangul=^조계사
|hanja=曹溪寺
}}
}}
'''Jogyesa''' ({{Korean|hangul=조계사|lit=Jogye Temple}}) is the chief temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. The building dates back to the late 14th century and became the order's chief temple in 1936.<ref name="buddhapia">{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/eng/temple/korexp/html/bu5.html |title=buddhapia.com |access-date=2010-06-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608081303/http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/eng/temple/korexp/html/bu5.html |archive-date=2010-06-08 }}</ref> It thus plays a leading role in the current state of [[Korean Buddhism#Seon|Seon]] Buddhism in South Korea. The temple was first established in 1395, at the dawn of the [[Joseon]] period; the modern temple was founded in 1910 and initially called "Gakhwangsa". The name was changed to "Taegosa" during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|period of Japanese rule]], and then to the present name in 1954.

Jogyesa is located in {{Ill|Gyeonji-dong|ko|견지동}}, [[Jongno District]], in [[downtown Seoul]]. [[Natural monuments of South Korea|Natural monument]] No. 9, an ancient [[Pinus bungeana|white pine tree]], is located within the temple grounds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/ECulresult_Db_View.jsp?VdkVgwKey=16,00090000,11 |title=Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream|website=jikimi.cha.go.kr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004015534/http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/ECulresult_Db_View.jsp?VdkVgwKey=16,00090000,11 |archive-date=2011-10-04}}</ref> Jogyesa Temple is located in one of the most popular cultural streets in Seoul, ''[[Insa-dong]]'', near the ''[[Gyeongbokgung]]'' Palace.

This temple participates in the [[Templestay]] program, where visitors can sign up to experience the life of Buddhist monks at the temple, eat Buddhist food, and learn the history of the temple and of Korean Buddhism as a whole.<ref name="index">{{Cite web |last=index |script-title=ko:조계사 영문 |url=http://www.jogyesa.kr/user/english/ |access-date=2016-06-21 |publisher=Jogyesa}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Seoul-Buddhist.temple-Jogyesa-04.jpg|thumb|Seoul, ''Jogyesa'']]
[[File:Lanterns in Jogyesa Temple.jpg|thumb|Lanterns in ''Jogyesa'']]
[[File:Jogyesa Temple in Seoul.jpg|thumb|Statues of Buddha at ''Jogyesa'']]
The Jogyesa Temple used to be known as ''Gakhwangsa'' Temple which was founded in 1395. During the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial period]] (1910–1945), the temple become one of the strongest fortresses of Korean Buddhism. Gakhawangsa Temple emerged as the temple of the resistance to Japanese efforts to suppress Korean Buddhism. In 1937, a movement for the establishment of a Central Headquarters began which was successful with the building of the Main Buddha Hall of Jogyesa Temple in Seoul in 1938.<ref name="Yoo 2009 p148">{{Cite book|title=Temples of Korea|last=Yoo|first=Myeong-jong|publisher=Myeong-jong|year=2009|page=148|language=en}}</ref>

The temple became known as Taegosa Temple in 1938 and by its current name of Jogyesa Temple in 1954.<ref name="Yoo 2009 p148" /> The name Jogyesa Temple was chosen to denote the structure's status as the main temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of Korean Buddhism (Buddhist sect which combines and integrates the Korean Zen and Textual Schools of Buddhism).<ref name="Yoo 2009 p148" /> The Jogye Order has 1700 years of history and is the most representative of Korean Buddhism Orders.<ref name="Jogye Order">{{cite web |title=Historic Cultural Memorial Center of Korea Buddhism and Jogye Order|url=http://www.jogyesa.kr/user/english/|publisher=Jogyesa Order of Korea Buddhism |access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> The Jogye Order is based on the [[Gautama Buddha|Seokgamoni]] doctrine and teachings of the Buddha, and it focuses on the mind and nature of this.<ref name="Jogye Order" />

The Daeungjeon (Main Buddha Hall) was constructed in 1938 of pine wood from [[Paektu Mountain|Baekdu Mountain]], and it's always filled with the sounds of chanting.<ref name="Templestay">{{Cite web|url=http://eng.templestay.com/Reservation/temple_view.asp?cid=&idx=4|title=Templestay |access-date=2016-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804041951/http://eng.templestay.com/Reservation/temple_view.asp?cid=&idx=4|archive-date=2016-08-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the main temple courtyard there are two trees which are 500 years old, a White Pine and a Chinese Scholar tree.

The White Pine tree is about 10 meters high and gave the nearby area "Susong-dong" its name (''Song'' means 'pine tree').<ref name="Templestay"/> This tree was brought by Chinese missionaries during the [[Joseon]] period. This pine tree sits besides the Main Hall, and its branch towards the Main Hall is only partially alive. One side of this tree is adjacent to the passage, while the other side sits next to the building.<ref name="jikimi.cha.go.kr">{{Cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/ECulresult_Db_View.jsp?VdkVgwKey=16,00090000,11|title=Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream|publisher=jikimi.cha.go.kr|access-date=2016-06-19}}</ref> Therefore, because the area is inadequate for the tree to grow, the Lacebark pine is not preserved well and since the Lacebark pine is a rare tree species and is valuable in biology, it is designated and protected as a Natural Monument.<ref name="jikimi.cha.go.kr"/>

The Chinese Scholar tree, which is 26 meters tall and four meters in circumference, silently stands watch over the temple grounds.

== Layout ==
Jogyesa Temple's features is a mix of traditional temple and palace architecture. The lattice designs found on the doors and windows of the ''Daeungjeon'' are unique in their own right.<ref name="Yoo 2009 p149">{{Cite book|title=Temples of Korea|last=Yoo|first=Myeong-jong|publisher=Myeong-jong|year=2009|page=149|language=en}}</ref> The temple also features the Geuknakjeon (Hll of Supreme Bliss) in which the [[Amitābha|Amitabha Buddha]] is enshrined, the Beomjongnu, a structure where a bell which enlightens the public with its sound is housed, and an information center for foreign nationals.<ref name="Yoo 2009 p149"/>

The Temple also has colorful ''[[matsya]]'' ([[Sanskrit]] for "fish") which is sacred to [[Hindu]]-[[Buddhist]]s as it is one of the [[avatar]] (incarnation) of Hindu deity [[Vishnu]] which has been described in detail in [[Matsya Purana]] and 6th BCE Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya.<ref>2011, [http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/PLF2/Digital_Content/PLF/000017/1008593.pdf World Mythology], Pustaka Perdana, Parragon, UK</ref>

To enter the temple, visitors must pass through the Iljumun or "one pillar gate". The Iljumun is an entry that represents is the division that separates the mortal world from the world of Buddha.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

== Events ==
[[File:Korea-Seoul-Jogyesa Chinese Scholar Tree 2195-06.JPG|300px|thumb|left]]
* '''[[Buddha's Birthday]]'''
The festival, designated Korea's Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 122, will take place at Jogyesa and Bongeunsa temples and along Jongno Street from May 6 to 8. The origin of the three-day festival dates back to the Unified Silla era over 1,300 years ago, when the festival was held on Daeboreum, a day celebrating the first full moon of the lunar calendar; During the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), Yeondeunghoe turned into a festival marking Buddha's birthday.<ref name="Korea Herald 2016-05-13">{{cite web|last1=Jung|first1=Eun-jin|title=Lights celebrate Buddha's birthday|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160426000907|newspaper=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=13 May 2016|date=2016-04-26}}</ref>

Lanterns featuring lotus and other traditional figures and objects representing people's wishes will be hung from May 6 to 22, from 6 p.m. to midnight at Jogyesa Temple<ref name="Korea Herald 2016-05-13" /> The highlight of the three-day-long celebration is the Lotus Lantern Parade, which winds along Jongno Street from Dongdaemun Gate to Jogyesa Temple. With thousands of participants, each carrying their own lantern, the parade becomes a river of light flowing through the heart of Seoul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/planet-depos-ceo-lisa-dimonte-visits-21874/|title=Planet Depos CEO Lisa DiMonte Visits Korea for 2016 Seoul Lotus Lantern Festival |publisher=JD Supra|access-date=2016-06-19}}</ref>

* '''Jogye Order'''
Jogyesa came to the attention of the international news media in December 1998 due to several monks occupying the temple in a power struggle between factions of the Jogye Order. In the end, riot police were called in to take control of the temple and oust the protestors after they had occupied the building for more than 40 days.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9812/23/korea.monks/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225083023/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9812/23/korea.monks/ |archive-date=February 25, 2005 |title=Dissident monks in Seoul evicted in police raid}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55a/353.html |title=Monks charged over temple violence |publisher=Hartford-hwp.com |access-date=2011-09-19}}</ref>

* '''Kyeongsin Persecution'''
From 27 to 31 October 1980, during the Kyeongsin Persecution, the government raided major Buddhist temples throughout the country, including the headquarters at Seoul's Jogyesa, under the guise of anti-government investigations and an attempt to "purify" Buddhism.<ref name="harris">{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Ian|title=Buddhism and politics in twentieth-century Asia|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8264-5178-1}}</ref><ref name="park">{{cite book|last=Park|first=Jin Y.|title=Makers of modern Korean Buddhism|publisher=SUNY Press|date=1 February 2010|isbn=978-1-4384-2921-2}}</ref>
<gallery>
Korea-Seoul-Jogyesa 2186-06.JPG
Korea-Seoul-Jogyesa lanterns 2194-06.JPG
Korea-Seoul-Jogyesa wooden Sakyamuni Buddha 2160-06.JPG|
Jogye-sa Buddhist temple, Seoul (4) (40419500614).jpg
Korea-Seoul-Jogyesa Lacebark Pine Tree 2209-06.JPG
Jogye-sa Buddhist temple, Seoul (8) (40419452634).jpg
</gallery>

{{Commons category|Jogyesa}}

==See also==
*[[List of Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
*[[Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
*[[Religion in South Korea]]
*[[Religion in Korea]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.jogyesa.kr/user/english/index.action Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601004307/http://www.jogyesa.kr/user/english/index.action |date=2014-06-01 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100612200727/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&m=0004003002022&p=03&art_id=10837&lang=en Jogyesa : Official Seoul City Tourism]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100608081303/http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/eng/temple/korexp/html/bu5.html Brief illustrated profile]
*[http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264352 KNTO Destination guide: Jogyesa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521004708/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264352 |date=2010-05-21 }}

{{Districts of Seoul}}

[[Category:1395 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Jongno District]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Seoul]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order| ]]
[[Category:Culture of Korea]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:Temples that participate in Templestay]]

Geumsansa

2025-07-01T04:18:42Z

172.56.232.254: Undid revision 769275877 by 181.114.21.212 (talk)

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Gimje, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Geumsansa
| native_name = 금산사
| image = Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-02.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Gemusansa area
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = 1 Moak 15-gil, Geumsan-myeon, Gimje, North Jeolla Province, South Korea
| coordinates = {{coord|35|43|22.3|N|127|03|12.3|E|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| sect =Jogye Order
| deity =
| country = South Korea
| functional_status =
| website =
| founded_by =
| year_completed =
}}
'''Geumsansa''' ({{Korean|hangul=금산사|lit=Golden Mountain Temple}}) is a [[temple]] of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]] standing on the slopes of [[Moaksan]] in [[Gimje]] City, [[North Jeolla Province|Jeollabuk-do]], South Korea.<ref name="Encykorea" /><ref name="Britannica" />

==History==
The first Geumsansa was built during the reign of King [[Beop of Baekje]] (r. 599–600 AD). While some sources say "established 600" and others "built 599", the 1635 compilation, ''Geumsansa sajeok'' ([[hanja]]:金山寺事蹟, ''Chronicle of Geumsan Temple'') records that the temple was established in 600 by [[Baekje]] (18 BCE–660 CE), one of the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]] that ruled the [[Korean peninsula]] during this period. The year indicates both the second year of King Beop's short-lived reign (r. 599–600)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=263664&v=43 |title=법왕 法王 (''Beopwang'', King Beop of Baekje) |publisher=Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture |language=Korean |access-date=2009-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610064604/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=263664&v=43 |archive-date=2011-06-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the first year of the subsequent ruler and his son, [[Mu of Baekje|King Mu]] (r. 600–641).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=144787&v=43 |title=법왕 法王 (''Beopwang'', King Beop of Baekje) |publisher=Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture |language=Korean |access-date=2009-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610064624/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=144787&v=43 |archive-date=2011-06-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to the document, as a faithful Buddhist, King Beop issued a royal edict to prohibit the killing of any living creatures in 599 and ordained 38 [[bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]].<ref name="Encykorea">{{cite web |url=http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=239522&v=44 |title=금산사 金山寺 (Geumsansa) |publisher=[[Nate (web portal)|Nate]] / [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |language=Korean |access-date=2009-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610064028/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=239522&v=44 |archive-date=2011-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |url=http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=239522&v=44 |title=금산사 金山寺 (Geumsansa) |publisher=[[Nate (web portal)|Nate]] / [[Britannica]] |language=Korean |access-date=2009-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610064028/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=239522&v=44 |archive-date=2011-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Conversely, according to the [[Cultural Heritage Administration]] of South Korea<ref name="National Treasures 62">{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=11,00620000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=National Treasures 62 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea]] |year=2005 |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref> and others, Geumsasa was built in 599, the first year of King Beop.<ref name=Buddhapia>{{cite web |url=http://eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP?pk=0001452461&sub_pk=&clss_cd=0002203503&top_menu_cd=0000000750&menu_cd=&menu_code=0000008789 |title=History of the Geumsansa Temple |publisher=Buddhpia |year=2005 |access-date=2009-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719081704/http://eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP?pk=0001452461&sub_pk=&clss_cd=0002203503&top_menu_cd=0000000750&menu_cd=&menu_code=0000008789 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="act">{{cite web|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/ruralchungbuk/geumsansa.php |title=Geumsansa Temple - 금산사 (金山寺) (founded 599, rebuilt 16th century onward) |publisher=Asian Historical Architecture |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref> Regardless of the founding date, it was assumed not to have been a significant temple in the scope of its scale and character.<ref name="Encykorea" />

From 722, during the reign of King [[Gyeongdeok of Silla]] until 766 in [[King Hyegong]]'s reign, Geumsansa was rebuilt and greatly expanded<ref name="Encykorea" /> under the direction of Master Jinpyo. According to the tradition, Master Jinpyo had a vision of [[Maitreya]], the Buddha of the future, and received a book on divination in two rolls along with 189 divination sticks from Maitreya. Jinpyo thereafter created a statue of the Maitreya to be enshrined in the main hall which became the basis of the [[East Asian Yogācāra]] school.<ref name="Encykorea" /> As a result of the expansion, Geumsansa became the headquarters for practicing the Maitreya faith during [[Later Silla]] (668-935).<ref name="Buddhapia" /><ref name="act" />

{{Wide image|Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Temple Grounds 4160&1&2-07.jpg|780px}}

After the expansion, [[Kyŏn Hwŏn]] (r. 900-935) who is the founder of [[Later Baekje]] (892–936) protected the temple. Although it is said that he issued orders to carry out partial repairs for Geumsansa, there is no certainty over whether the repairs actually occurred.<ref name="Encykorea" /><ref name="Britannica" /><ref name="Buddhapia" /> Kyŏn Hwŏn was held captive at Geumsansa when his son, [[Kyŏn Sin-gŏm]], usurped the throne.<ref name="act"/> In 1079 as the Royal Preceptor [[Hyedeok]] was appointed as the head master of Geumsasa, he completely renovated the temple by erecting various additional sanctuaries. This led to Geumsansa's era of cultural blooming.<ref name="Buddhapia" /><ref name="act"/>

During the first Japanese military campaign of [[Hideyoshi Toyotomi]] in 1592, Geumsansa also played a defensive role. The Buddhist volunteer corps, with over a thousand monks led by Master Noemuk (뇌묵대사) used Geumsansa for a training ground.<ref name="act"/> During the second Japanese military campaign, the Buddhist volunteer corps established their headquarters at Geumsansa. However, the entire temple complex subsequently suffered a tragic fate when the pavilion and outlying hermitages were burned to the ground by the invading Japanese forces.<ref name="act"/>

The present buildings were rebuilt in 1635 after the previous ones were destroyed by the Japanese invasions of Korea. The temple currently serves as one of the principle Buddhist centers in the region and is one of the largest temples in [[South Korea]]. Most of the treasures were created prior to the time of present buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=17&code=A012017 |title=Geumsansa (금산사 / 金山寺) introduction |publisher=Korea Temple |accessdate=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507014308/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=17&code=A012017 |archive-date=2011-05-07 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

==Geumsansa Treasures==
===Mireukjeon - National Treasure #62===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-05.jpg|thumb|alt=|Maitreya Hall, housing a large Mireuksa Buddha (Buddha of the Future).]]
Geumsansa Mireukjeon (Mireukjeon Hall of the Geumsansa Temple): [[Maitreya]] Hall is a three-story wooden structure making it unique among Korean Buddhist halls. Mireukjeon houses a large statue of Mireuksa Buddha [[Maitreya|(Buddha of the Future)]]. The hall was (re-)constructed in 1635. The first floor is called Daejabojeon ("Hall of Great Mercy and Treasure"), the second Yonghwajihoe ("Gathering of Dragon and Beauty") and the third Mireukjeon ("Hall of Maitreya"). On the first and second floors there are five rooms at the front and four rooms off to the side. On the third floor there are three rooms at the front and two rooms off to the side. The roofs of the first and second levels are supported by six pillars across the front and back of the building, with five pillars running along each side. On the third level the roof is supported by four pillars running across the front and back and three pillars along the sides. Clusters of brackets support the eaves of the roofs while the main wooden support pillar on the inside of the hall is made of multiple pieces. These pillars are constructed in the ''minheullim style'', meaning the pillar gets thinner as it ascends.

Mireukjeon is constructed using a multi-beam style where the eaves beams are not only placed above the pillars supporting the eaves, but also amongst the supporting pillars.<ref name="National Treasures 62" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/unisearch/popup/ECulresult_Db_desc.jsp?VdkVgwKey=11,00620000,35 |title=Geumsansamireukjeon(Mireukjeon Hall of Geumsansa Temple) |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea]] |year=2005 |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Noju - Treasure #22===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Geumsansanoju 4120-07.JPG|thumb|left|150px|alt=|''Noju'']]
Geumsansa Noju ({{Korean|hangul=금산사 노주|labels=no}}, Noju of the Geumsansa Temple).

Described as a relic, Noju is found between two of the temple's buildings, Daejeokgwangjeon Hall and Daejanggak Hall. Noju is believed to date from the early [[Goryeo]] period or the 10th century. The function or purpose of this relic remains unknown. With the small sculpture of a bud positioned on the top removed, it may have served as a square pedestal for an image of the Buddha. Noju is constructed of three stone pedestals neatly layered at the bottom, middle and top. The bud-shaped magic stone ornament found at the peak of the relic is similar to that found at the apex of a wooden pagoda. Pole patterns are engraved on the back and edge of the bottom pedestal with eight longish ovals on the surface. The 16 petals of a lotus flower are engraved on the front. The middle pedestal has no decoration on its sides. The 16 petals of the lotus flower motif found at the bottom is repeated on the top pedestal, but with the lotus flower petals on the top pedestal being longer and slimmer than those found on the bottom pedestal. Each side of the base is {{convert|1.2|m}} long making the relic {{convert|2.3|m}} tall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=17&code=A012017&content_code=treasure |title=Geumsansa Temple Noju(Noju of Geumsansa Temple) |publisher=Korea Temple |accessdate=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718154122/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=17&code=A012017&content_code=treasure |archive-date=2011-07-18 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

===Seogyeondae - Treasure #23===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-03.jpg|thumb|alt=|Seogyeondae, Lotus-shaped stone pedestal.]]
Geumsansaseogyeondae (Stone lotus pedestal of Geumsansa Temple).

Seogyeondae is a finely detailed lotus-shaped stone pedestal that historians believe dates back to the 10th century between the Unified Silla Dynasty and the early Goryeo Dynasty. The pedestal is constructed from one solid piece of stone with the top surface cut level and pierced by two square holes at the top, which are believed to have accommodated an image of the Buddha. The middle belt is embossed with a floral pattern while the top belt has a hexagonal pattern. In general, this stone pedestal utilizes the style and form typical of that from the Unified Silla Dynasty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,00230000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 23 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Hyedeogwangsa Jineungtapbi - Treasure #24===

Hyedeogwangsa Jineungtapbi (Monument to the high priest Hyedeogwangsa of Geumsansa Temple).

This tortoise shaped pedestal carved out of a piece single stone is a tombstone believed to have been made to memorialize the renowned monk Hyedeo Gwangsa of the middle era of the Goryeo Dynasty. The tombstone's foundation stone has been lost and the epitaph is badly damaged to the extent that deciphering what is written is difficult.

Hyedeo was born in the fourth year of [[Jeongjong, 10th Monarch of Goryeo|King Jeongjong]] of Goryeo (1038). He started learning Buddhist teachings at the age of four and became a Buddhist monk shortly thereafter. In 1079 King Sukjong promoted Hyedeo to the position of chief of the temple. He was later assigned as the chief of the Buddhist body of the state by King Sukjong.

After Hyedeo died at the age of 59, King Sukjong raised Hyedeo's status to "State Mentor" and renamed him "Hyedeok" and the pagoda "Jineung."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,00240000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 24 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Ocheung Seoktap - Treasure #25===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Ocheung Seoktap 4154-07.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Ocheung Seoktap]]
Ocheung Seoktap (Five storied stone pagoda of Geumsansa Temple).

This five storied stone pagoda is situated on the top of Songdae, the two-story [[stylobate]], a large tall pedestal at the north side of Geumsansa Temple. A sarira stair is found behind the pagoda. Although only five stories tall, the roof of the pagoda causes it appear to be more like a six-storied structure. The bottom layer of the base is short and narrows at the top where it holds the cap stone. The large square base supporting the main body of the pagoda is oversized. Each of the pagoda's stories diminish in size as they ascend and each story has reliefs carved into each of the four corners. The eaves of the roof stone form gentle upturned curves.

A distinguishing feature of this pagoda is the base of pagoda finial, which looks like a roof stone. It is designed to support the finial at the top of the pagoda and gives the pagoda a distinct appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,00250000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 25 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Bangdeunggyedan - Treasure #26===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Bangdeunggyedan 4156-07.JPG|thumb|150px|Bangdeunggyedan (Ordination Altar)]]

Geumsansabangdeunggyedan (Ordination altar of Geumsansa Temple).

Bangdeunggyedan is a stone pagoda in the shape of a bell, which appeared during the late Silla Dynasty and is thought to have been adapted from the Indian Buddhist temple style.

This stone pagoda stands on top of a stylobate, a wide two story square stone platform found on the north side of the temple complex. The stylobate is engraved on each side with images of Buddha and the [[Four Heavenly Kings|Four Devas]], the guardians of Buddhist temple.

Stone railings were probably supported on the stone posts still found surrounding the lower layer of the stylobate. The stone posts have carved images of the Four Deva's faces on each of their four corners. The engravings with images of the Four Devas on the stylobate and the stone railings posts indicate that there was once a [[sarira]] stair to store the Buddha's own sarira.

The main body of the pagoda has engravings of lion's faces around the edge and a lotus flower in the center. Near the top are nine carved dragons with their heads protruding out under the two stone plates engraved with a lotus flower.

The oldest stone bell pagoda still existing in Korea today is Bangdeunggyedan. Judging from the fine structure of the sculptures and ornamentation historians believe this pagoda was built during the early period of the Goryeo Dynasty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,00260000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 26 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Yukgak Tachung Soktap - Treasure #27===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Yukgak Tachung Soktap 4102-07.JPG|thumb|left|150px|alt=|Yukgak Tachung Soktap.]]

Geumsansayukgakdacheungseoktap (Hexagonal multi-storied stone pagoda of Geumsansa Temple).

This hexagonal multi-stored {{convert|2.18|m}} high [[stupa]], Yukgak Tachung Soktap, differs from typical square shaped granite pagodas in that it is a hexagonal stone pagoda made of black-and-white clay slate. From the engraving methods used on the main body and the roof stone it is estimated to have been built around the early Goryeo period (918-1392) and was moved here from the nearby Bongcheonwon [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|Hermitage]]. The pagoda is assumed to have had a single story stone core for the main body of the pagoda. Now only the top two stories remain. A lotus flower pattern is engraved on the stylobate. The roof stones slope gently on the outer surface of the roof, but curve sharply at the corners. Due to the disappearance of the original capstone, a decorated granite finial was added later.

The pagoda creates a unique mood through the use of clay slate, the main ingredient of ink-stones, and maintains a gentle and delicate ratio as it ascends.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,00270000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 27 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Dangganjiju - Treasure #28===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Tanggan Chiju 4084-07.JPG|thumb|150px|alt=Two stone poles standing alongside|Dangganjiju flag poles]]
''Geumsansa Dangganjiju'' ({{Korean|hangul=금산사 당간지주|labels=no}}, Buddhist flagpole supports of Geumsansa Temple).

Dangganjiju are the two flag pole supports used to support the flag for a ceremony at a Buddhist temple.
When a ceremony is held, the event and location of the temple are indicated by a flag mounted on a stone or iron flag pole.

The two posts forming the flag pole support are {{convert|3.5|m}} tall and lie in a north–south orientation. There are three holes one above the other in the supports to hold the flag pole. Placement of the holes in this manner is indicative of the style used during the [[Unified Silla]] period and is similar to those seen at Bomun-ri from the [[Gyeongju]] period, and at the [[Mireuksa]] (Temple) site.

Dangganjiju is the only flag pole support in Korea still retaining its original base. Historians believe these supports were erected during the late 8th century [[Silla]] period.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,00280000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 28 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref> It was designated as the 28th "Treasure" (''bomul'') by the government on January 21, 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=27413&contentno=27413 |script-title=ko:금산사 당간지주 金山寺幢竿支柱 |trans-title=Geumsansa Dangganjiju |publisher=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]] |language=Korean |accessdate=2009-09-06 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Simwonam Hwagang Samcheung Seoktap -Treasure #29===
Geumsansa simwonam hwagangam cheungseoktap (Three storied granite pagoda of Simwonam Hermitage at Geumsansa Temple).

This three story stone pagoda mounted on a two-story stylobate is located near the peak to the north of Simwonam Rock at Simwonam (hermitage). The pagoda maintains the engraved pole pattern on its four edges and at the center of the pagoda's main body. Three flat broad roof stones cover each body stone forming a strong slope along the outer surface of the roof, which gently curves on the edge of the eaves in keeping with the typical of architectural style of the Goryeo period. The location of the pagoda deep in the mountain has contributed to its near perfect condition.

Although the broad roof stones and the strong slope of the eaves are typical of a style of the pagodas of the Silla (57 BC-935 AD) period, this pagoda actually dates to the Goryeo period (918-1392).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,00290000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 29 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Daejangjeon - Treasure #827===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Daejangjeon 4124-07.JPG|thumb|left|Daejangjeon]]

Geumsansadaejangjeon (Daejangjeon Hall of Geumsansa Temple).

Daejangjeon at Geumsansa was originally an octagonal wooden pagoda erected in the 600s CE during the [[Baekje]] period. It was rebuilt in 1635 as a hall, during the [[Joseon]] period (July 1392 – August 1910) and in 1922 was moved to its present location. Visible on the roof ridge beam is a portion of the finial that topped the original wooden pagoda. Images of the [[Sakyamuni Buddha]] and his two most capable disciples, [[Kasyapa]] and [[Ananda]] are now enshrined within Daejangjeon. The Sakyamuni Buddha is seated on an elaborately engraved Sumidan pedestal. This single story hall has three rooms along the sides and incorporates a hipped and gabled roof representing the most elaborate style of this era. A few images along the top the hall's roof line reveal a hint of its past as a wooden pagoda.

Daejangjeon's ceiling is latticed while the interior construction utilizes two tiered multiclustered brackets on top of the columns in the middle section. Single tiered multiclustered brackets are utilized on top of the columns on the outer tie beams between the columns in each of the side sections.

The architectural study of this era's wooden pagodas is greatly enhanced by this small simple modified hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,08270000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 827 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

===Seokdeung - Treasure #828===
[[File:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa Seok Deung 4122-07.JPG|thumb|150px|Geumsansa Seokdeung (Stone Lamp), or lamp of enlightenment.]]

Geumsansaseokdeung (Stone lantern of Geumsansa Temple).

Geumsansa Seokdeung (Stone Lamp), or the "lamp of enlightenment", is located in the front yard of Daejangjeon Hall, where it was used to light the front of the worship hall. Made of granite and measuring {{convert|3.9|m}} high, the lamp dates back to the Goryeo period (918-1392). It was moved to its present location in 1922. Its square foundation stone is carved with a [[Bingdi lotus|double lotus]] pattern while the octagonal base has straight lines engraved along the length to represent the cosmos or to emulate pillars. The upper section of the lamp is carved as a lotus in full bloom.

The upper pedestal forms the base of the light camber, which in its upper octagonal section has windows on four sides. Decorative engravings of lotus petals are found on both the base and upper part of the pedestal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,08280000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=16%29&requery=&strGuCode=16&strSidoCode=35 |title=Treasures 828 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
It also offers [[temple stay]] programs where visitors can experience Buddhist culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.templestay.com/reservation/temple_view.asp?cid=9&idx=25|title=Geumsansa Temple stay program|access-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312165451/http://eng.templestay.com/reservation/temple_view.asp?cid=9&idx=25|archive-date=2016-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode=packed>
file:금산사 겨울.jpg
file:금산사 방등계단.jpg
file:금산사 북강삼층석탑.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-04.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-05.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa temple-Dangganjiju flag poles-01.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-06.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-08.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-01.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-03.jpg
file:Korea-Gimje-Geumsansa-07.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Jogye Order]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]
*[[East Asian Yogācāra]]
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Religion in South Korea]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.geumsansa.org/ Official site, in Korean]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040706193929/http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/eng/info_db/dest/sight_detail.jsp?seqno=1632 Visitkorea profile]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110507014308/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=17&code=A012017 KoreaTemple profile]}}
*[http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/ruralchungbuk/geumsansa.php Asian Historical Architecture: Geumsansa]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724030739/http://www.rayvolution.net/geumsansa-temple-page-1.shtml A large collection of professional photographs of Geumsansa and the surrounding area.]

[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in North Jeolla Province]]
[[Category:Gimje]]
[[Category:Treasures of South Korea]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Jeolla Province]]
[[Category:6th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:599 establishments]]
[[Category:590s establishments]]
[[Category:6th-century religious buildings and structures]]
[[Category:Temples that participate in Templestay]]
[[Category:6th-century establishments in Korea]]

Seokgatap

2025-07-01T04:16:15Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Stone pagoda in Gyeongju, South Korea}}
{{Infobox artwork
|title=Seokgatap
|italic title=no
|image=Seokgatap Pagoda.jpg
|caption=The pagoda (2022)
|coordinates={{coord|35.7900|N|129.3320|E|source:wikidata|display=title,inline}}
|city=[[Gyeongju]]
|designation={{Infobox designation list
|embed=yes
|designation1=National Treasures of South Korea
|designation1_date=1962-12-20
|designation1_number=21
}}
|module={{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^석가탑
|hanja=釋迦塔
|child=yes
}}
}}
'''Seokgatap''' ({{Korean|hangul=석가탑|hanja=釋迦塔}}) is a [[Silla]]-era stone [[pagoda]] in the temple [[Bulguksa]] in [[Gyeongju]], South Korea. It was designated [[National treasures of South Korea|National Treasure of South Korea]] No. 21 on December 20, 1962.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=정 |first=영호 |title=경주 불국사 삼층석탑 (慶州佛國寺三層石塔) |work=한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0024943 |access-date=2025-02-05 |publisher=Academy of Korean Studies |language=ko}}</ref> The pagoda stands 10.75 meters high and directly across from another pagoda [[Dabotap]]. It probably dates to around 751, when Bulguksa was completed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=00200000&sCcebCtcd=37&pageIndex=2&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=11&ccebCtcd= | title=Dabotap Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple, Gyeongju | publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] | accessdate=2020-10-09 | language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
The Seokgatap is in distinct contrast with its more elaborate brother the [[Dabotap]]. The pagoda is of a very simple and basic design and the three stories have a pleasing 4:3:2 ratio which gives the pagoda a sense of balance, stability, and symmetry. The contrast between the simplicity of the Seokgatap and the complexity of the Dabotap is designed to represent the dual nature of the Buddha's contemplation and detachment from the world or perhaps it symbolizes the celestial versus the terrestrial. <ref>{{Cite web | title=석가탑 : 네이버 검색 | url=https://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=top_hty&fbm=0&ie=utf8&query=%EC%84%9D%EA%B0%80%ED%83%91 | access-date=2025-01-08 | website=search.naver.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0024943 | title=경주 불국사 삼층석탑(慶州佛國寺三層石塔) }}</ref>


The pagoda's three stories rest on a two tiered base. The simplicity of the pagoda is reinforced by the fact that there are no carvings or reliefs on the faces of the pagoda. Although, the pagoda is surrounded by eight lotus flower stones. The top of the pagoda, which is rather elaborate, was added in 1973 to match a pagoda that was built one hundred years after Seokgatap.

==Discovery of treasures==
In 1966, robbers attempted to force the pagoda open and steal its contents, but they were prevented from doing so. While repairing the pagoda, on October 13, 1966, the treasures were uncovered for the first time. They found reliquaries, sariras, and the oldest extant example of printed material from a wood block in the world ([[The Great Dharani Sutra]]).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=옥 |first=나영 |title=무구정광대다라니경 (無垢淨光大陀羅尼經) |work=한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0018943 |access-date=2025-02-05 |publisher=Academy of Korean Studies |language=ko}}</ref>

===National treasure No. 126===
A sarira is a reliquary that contains the remains of an esteemed monk or sometimes royalty. After the failed theft by robbers, workers refurbishing and repairing the pagoda found the treasures hidden inside. Notably, the [[Dabotap]] pagoda was dismantled by the Japanese for repairs during the 1920s but no record mentions any treasure recovered. Treasures included a bronze image of a Buddhist spirit, a bronze mirror, a miniature wooden pagoda, silk, perfume, [[gogok]], and beads. A bundle of papers were found in the foundation of the pagoda but they are illegible.

The sarira box is shaped like a house, and has an engraved roof. Each of the walls of the case have an engraved vine pattern that runs up to the roof. Lotus motifs are used throughout as well and the top of the roof has a leaf-shaped ornamentation.

The oldest extant woodblock print is a copy of the [[The Great Dharani Sutra|Mugujeonggwang, the Great Dharani Sutra]]. The text is the oldest extant printed material in the world for several reasons. The pagoda itself was built in 751, the print had to have been made before that date and no other printed material dates before 750–751 CE. It is 620 centimeters in length and eight centimeters in width. The print contains six to nine characters per line. The print has deteriorated due to oxidation and restorations were carried out to preserve the print.<ref name=":1" />

==See also==
*[[National treasures of Korea]]
*[[Bulguksa Temple]]
*[[Shadowless Pagoda (film)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web|title=Asian Historical Architecture|work=Bulguksa Temple|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/gyeongju/bulguksa.php|accessdate=2018-04-18}}
*{{cite web|title=Cultural Heritage Online|work=Seokgatap|url=http://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=5_2_1_0&ccbaCpno=1113700210000|accessdate=2018-04-18}}
*[http://www.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza/ECulresult_Db_View.jsp?VdkVgwKey=11,01260000,37 Cultural Heritage Online: National Treasure No.126]

[[Category:Stone pagodas]]
[[Category:Culture of Korea]]
[[Category:National Treasures of South Korea]]
[[Category:Pagodas in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Silla pagodas]]
[[Category:Bulguksa]]

Dabotap

2025-07-01T04:15:49Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Stone pagoda in Gyeongju, South Korea}}
{{Infobox artwork
|title=Dabotap
|italic title=no
|image=File:Dabotap Pagoda 01.jpg
|caption=The pagoda (2022)
|year={{start date|751}}
|city=[[Gyeongju]]
|designation={{Infobox designation list
|embed=yes
|designation1=National Treasures of South Korea
|designation1_number=20
|designation1_date=1962-12-20
}}
|height_metric=10.29
|coordinates={{coord|35.7900|N|129.3322|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:KR|display=title,inline}}
|module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^다보탑
|hanja=多寶塔
|child=yes
}}
}}
'''Dabotap''' ({{Korean|hangul=다보탑}}) is a stone [[pagoda]] located in the Buddhist temple of [[Bulguksa]] in [[Gyeongju]], [[South Korea]]. From entering the temple through the [[Bulguksa#National_Treasure_No.23|Cheongun and Baegun Bridge]], Dabotap is located on the right side, opposing [[Seokgatap]] on the left side. The pagoda is supposed to have been built in 751, the 10th year of the [[Silla|Shilla]] king [[Gyeongdeok of Silla|Gyeongdeok]]. It is currently designated as [[National treasures of South Korea|National Treasure]] no. 20.

The 3 story pagoda stands {{convert|10.29|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall and was built in an ornate style not seen in other Buddhist countries. The sculpture techniques used are unique for its time and include delicate features.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=00200000&sCcebCtcd=37&pageIndex=2&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=11&ccebCtcd= | title=Dabotap Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple, Gyeongju | publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] | accessdate=2020-10-09 | language=en}}</ref>

It has a staircase on each of the four sides. Four stone square pillars support the pagoda's first roof, where is built a square stone railing. Inside the railing is the body of the pagoda, and above it, standing on the second octagonal-shaped roof surrounded by an octagonal stone railing, are eight bamboo-shaped stone pillars support the octagonal-shaped lotus stone carved with sixteen petals. Above it eight stone pillars support the third octagonal-shaped roof. Of the four stone lions guarding the top of the staircases only one remain. A second one is located at the [[British Museum]] in London.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} As for the whereabouts of the other two, they are still unknown. The pagoda was dismantled by the Japanese in the 1920s but there is no evidence of any relics found in the pagoda.

The pagoda is currently depicted on the obverse of the 10 [[South Korean won|won]] coin.

== Dabotap and Seokgatap ==
The two pagodas reflect a story in the Lotus sutra. Dabo ([[Prabhutaratna]]), a Buddha who had already achieved enlightenment, riding the Tower of Many Treasures, appeared to attest to the validity of Sakyamuni's sermons at Vulture Peak. Dabo and
Sakyamuni then sat side by side within the tower. This pagoda represents the Dabo Buddha, while the other pagoda represents Sakyamuni. Dabo represents the objective truth, while Sakyamuni represents the subjective wisdom to realize it. Dabotap is highly decorative and looks feminine, whereas Seokgatap is highly simplified and looks more masculine. The sophisticated Dabotap symbolizes the complexity of the world; the simple Seokgatap represents the brevity of spiritual ascent. (from Fascinating Tales of Blooming Silla by Alexander Chang and Andrew Chang, 2006).

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Bulguksa 3.jpg
경주 불국사 다보탑.jpg
184 불국사 다보탑.jpg
Korea-Gyeongju-Bulguksa-Dabotap Pagoda-01.jpg
Dabotap Pagoda 02.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[National treasures of Korea]]
*[[Bulguksa Temple]]
*[[Shadowless Pagoda (film)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
* {{cite book
|title=Kyongju
|author=Kim Yong-Nam
|publisher=Woojin Press
|location=Seoul
|year=2002
|others=translation: Chung Hae-Jean
|isbn=89-85483-05-6
|url-access=registration
|url=https://archive.org/details/kyongjuoldcapita0000unse
}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Dabotap}}

[[Category:Stone pagodas]]
[[Category:National Treasures of South Korea]]
[[Category:Pagodas in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Silla pagodas]]
[[Category:Bulguksa]]

Hwangnyongsa

2025-07-01T04:15:08Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Former temple in Gyeongju, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
|name=Hwangnyongsa
|image=A scale model of Hwangnyongsa pagoda.jpg
|caption=A miniature reconstruction of what the main pagoda may have once looked like. (1/10 scale)
|completed=7th century
|date_destroyed=1238
|coordinates={{Coord|35|47|20|N|129|13|36|E|source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title,inline}}
|religious_affiliation=[[Korean Buddhism]]
|height_max={{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=on}} (pagoda)
|designation1=WHS
|designation1_parent=[[Gyeongju Historic Areas]]
|designation1_date=2000
|designation1_number=976
|designation2=Historic Sites of South Korea
|designation2_date=1963-01-21
|designation2_offname=Hwangnyongsa Temple Site, Gyeongju
|designation2_number=6
|module={{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^황룡사
|hanja=皇龍寺
|child=yes
}}
}}

'''Hwangnyongsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=황룡사}}), alternatively '''Hwangnyong Temple''' or '''Hwangryongsa''', was a [[Buddhist temple]] in the city of [[Gyeongju]], [[South Korea]].

Completed in the 7th century, the enormous 9-story structure was built entirely with wood with interlocking design with no iron nails. It had a standing total height of 68 m<ref name="Silla1">{{Cite book|title=Silla : Korea's golden kingdom|others=Lee, Soyoung, 1971-, Leidy, Denise Patry,, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Samsŏng Chŏnja,, National Endowment for the Arts,, Han'guk Kukche Kyoryu Chaedan|year=2013|isbn=9781588395023|location=New York|pages=22|oclc=862096677|last1=Lee|first1=Soyoung|last2=Leidy|first2=Denise Patry}}</ref> (223 ft) or 80 m (262 ft), making it one of the tallest structures in East Asia at the time of its construction. Only the massive foundation stones of the temple remain in current times.

Hwangnyongsa was the center of state-sponsored Buddhism during the [[Silla]] and [[Unified Silla]] eras which were cultural beacons of Buddhism during its time.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wi_PfU1yancC|title=Syncretism: The Religious Context of Christian Beginnings in Korea|last=Chung|first=David|last2=Oh|first2=Kang-nam|date=2001-04-19|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9780791449424|language=en}}</ref> Its name means "Emperor/Imperial Dragon Temple."<ref name=":1" /> Archaeological excavations and other scientific studies of the temple began in April 1976 (OCPRI{{Clarify|date=March 2012}} 1984) and continue today.

A replica of the building called Hwangnyongwon ({{Korean|hangul=황룡원|labels=no}}) now exists in Gyeongju, within the Bomun Tourism Complex. The building is used to host events, including conferences, banquets, and meetings. It also operates as a hotel, with 45 guest rooms available.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hwangnyongwon |url=https://k-mice.visitkorea.or.kr/uniquevenue/main/sub.kto?uvid=76&lang=en |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=k-mice.visitkorea.or.kr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=황룡원 |url=http://www.hwangnyongwon.com/en/ |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=www.hwangnyongwon.com}}</ref>

==History==
Hwangnyongsa was built during the [[Silla]] period, under the patronage of the Silla royal family, on a plain encircled by mountains near the royal palace compound of [[Banwolseong]] (Half-Moon Palace). Construction began in 553 under the reign of [[Jinheung of Silla|King Jinheung]], and was not fully completed until 644. King Jinheung originally intended for the temple to be the site of a new palace but when a dragon was seen on the proposed site, a temple was commissioned instead.<ref name="or">{{cite web|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/|title=Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey|last=orientalarchitecture.com|website=www.orientalarchitecture.com}}</ref> Hwangnyongsa was designed to be a place where monks prayed for the welfare of the nation by asking for the divine protection of the Buddha and a means to impress foreign dignitaries.<ref name="or"/>

Following the defeat of [[Baekje]] in the 660s, the Baekje architect, Abiji, was commissioned to build a nine-story wooden [[pagoda]] at the site, and labored with two hundred artisans to complete the pagoda.<ref name="Silla1" /> This fact indicates that the Baekje had superior knowledge of wooden architecture. The nine stories supposedly represented the nine nations of [[East Asia]] and Silla's future conquest of those states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/|title=Asian Historical Architecture: a Photographic Survey|last=orientalarchitecture.com|website=www.orientalarchitecture.com|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref> The pagoda stood until it was burned by [[Mongol Empire|Mongolian]] [[Mongol invasions of Korea|invasions]] in 1238. No wooden architecture from the Silla people survives today but the ruins of Hwangnyongsa suggest a [[Goguryeo]] influence.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gt1jTpXAThwC|title=Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture|last=Fletcher|first=Sir Banister|last2=Cruickshank|first2=Dan|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Architectural Press|isbn=9780750622677|language=en}}</ref>

The temple site in a valley within [[Gyeongju National Park]] near [[Toham Mountain]] and about {{convert|150|yd}} from [[Bunhwangsa]] Temple, was excavated in 1972, revealing the temple layout and covering 40,000 artifacts.<ref name="or"/><ref name="3k">{{cite web|url=http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/korea/arc/three_kingdoms_period.htm|title=Korea - Three Kingdoms Period|website=www.asianinfo.org}}</ref>

==Legends==
Buddhism was strongly resisted by the nobles of Silla while the king personally supported the new religion. The king's Grand Secretary, [[Ichadon]], suggested{{to whom?|date=February 2015}} that he forge the king's royal seal and create an order that the people adopt the new religion. When the forgery was discovered by the nobles, Ichadon suggested that he be made the scapegoat, and that through his death the power of Buddha be made manifest. The king agreed to the plan. The nobles were predictably outraged when they discovered Ichadon's forgery and the king ordered his execution. Legend has it that when Ichadon was executed, a series of miracles occurred which proved the power and reality of the Buddhist faith, and the nobles converted to the new state religion. Ichadon's sacrifice was the impetus for the building of Hwangnyongsa Temple.<ref name="or"/>

Another legend concerns the giant golden Buddha statue that the temple possessed. It was cast in the reign of King Jinheung as the temple centerpiece. The legend states that the gold for the statue came from [[Ashoka|King Ashoka]] of India.<ref>[[Il-yeon]]: ''Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea'', translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Three, chapter 70, page 179-181. Silk Pagoda (2006). {{ISBN|1-59654-348-5}}</ref> Ashoka had apparently attempted to cast a golden triad but failed. He then put the gold in a boat along with scale models of Bodhisattvas. Each country that received the boat was equally unable to cast the statues, and not until the boat had arrived in Silla could a statue be cast.

==Dimensions==
Only the massive foundation stones of the temple remain in current times. The original complex took seventeen years to complete.<ref name="or"/>

*The main hall was {{convert|155|ft|m}} in length and {{convert|55|ft|m}} in width.<ref name="or"/>
*The longest outer wall of the temple was 288 meters in length and the area enclosed by the outer walls covered approximately 80,000 square meters.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/korea/arc/three_kingdoms_period.htm|title=Korea - Three Kingdoms Period|website=www.asianinfo.org|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref>
*The temple ruins also contain pedestal stones which were for monumental Buddhist statues. One statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha was five meters tall.<ref name="3k" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/korea/scu/shilla_period.htm|title=Korea - Shilla Period Sculpture (57 B.C.- A.D. 668)|website=www.asianinfo.org|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref>
*The temple was originally arranged in the "three Halls-one Pagoda" style which meant that the pagoda was in the center of the complex and flanked by three main halls on the left, right, and behind the central pagoda.<ref name=":0" />
*The famous nine-story pagoda, which was commissioned by [[Queen Seondeok]] after the main temple was finished, was the largest Korean pagoda ever built as well as being the tallest structure in East Asia and the tallest wooden structure in the world at the time of its completion. It was reported to be {{convert|263|ft|m}} tall and the body was made entirely of wood.<ref name="or"/> Only its foundation stones remain today but they attest to the mammoth proportions of the original structure. The pagoda had a foundation area of {{convert|6084|sqft|m2}}, was supported by eight pillars on each side, and had sixty foundation stones.<ref name="or"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Korea-Gyeongju-Hwangnyongsa-02.jpg|A part of Hwangnyonsa remains.
File:Hwangryongsateo.JPG|From a spot which once had been the main entrance to the temple.
File:Old Gyeongju.jpg|A model of old [[Gyeongju]]. The pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple towers over the city.
File:Panorama of the Hwangnyongsa.jpg|Picture of the Panorama of the Hwangnyongsa.
File:Nine story pagoda of the Hwangryongsa.JPG|Picture of the Nine story pagoda of the Hwangnyongsa.
File:Korea-Gyeongju-Hwangnyongsa temple site-Dangganjiju-01.jpg|Stones to support a flag pole
File:황룡사지 Gyeongju.jpg|
File:황룡사지 Historical Site 6.jpg|
File:Roof tiles in Gyeongju National Museum from Hwangnyongsa 01.jpg
File:Roof tiles in Gyeongju National Museum from Hwangnyongsa 02.jpg
File:Roof tiles in Gyeongju National Museum from Hwangnyongsa 03.jpg
File:Roof tiles in Gyeongju National Museum from Hwangnyongsa 04.jpg
File:Roof tiles in Gyeongju National Museum from Hwangnyongsa 05.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhism]]
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[History of Korea]]
*[[List of tallest structures built before the 20th century]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*OCPRI (Office of Cultural Properties, Research Institute). 1984. ''Hwangyong-sa Site Excavation Report I'' [Hwangyong-sa Temple Excavation Site Report I]. Three Vols. Office of Cultural Properties, Research Institute, Seoul.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hwangnyongsa}}
*[http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/gyeongju/hwangnyongsa.php Asian Historical Architecture: Hwangnyeongsa]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930010129/http://www.ikorea.ac.kr/english/notice_show.asp?idx=205 The Center for Information on Korean Culture]
*[https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/976.pdf#search='Hwangnyongsa' UNESCO]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030621/http://www.jennyhouse.info/zboard/zboard.php?id=k_sang&no=50 Jennyhouse Architecture and Skyscraper Community of Korea]
*[http://www.xn--vs2bo6l7ut.kr= Hwangnyongsa's officials website]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*'''[https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=13&ccebAsno=00060000&sCcebCtcd=37 Hwangnyongsa Temple Site, Gyeongju]'''

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Silla pagodas]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist archaeological sites in Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Former buildings and structures in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Former Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Historic Sites of South Korea]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Pagodas in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in the 13th century]]
[[Category:Gyeongju Historic Areas]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of Silla]]

Girimsa

2025-07-01T04:14:43Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img = Daejeokgwangjeon_at_Girimsa-Gyeongju-Korea-03.jpg
|caption= Daejeokgwangjeon hall at Girimsa
|hangul = ^기림사
|hanja = 祗林寺
}}

'''Girimsa''' is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple located on the slopes of Mount [[Hamwolsan]] in [[Gyeongju]] city, the [[North Gyeongsang]] Province, [[South Korea]]. It is a subsidiary temple of [[Bulguksa]], the head temple of the 11th branch of [[Jogye Order]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=44|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718154059/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=44|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 18, 2011|title = Koreatemple.net}}</ref><ref>Martin Robinson, Andrew Bender, Rob Whyte, (2004) [https://books.google.com/books?id=UrohIhkT_sUC&dq=Girimsa+Gyeongju&pg=PA183 ''Korea''] Lonely PlanetPage 183 {{ISBN|1-74059-449-5}}</ref> The temple was first established by Monk Gwangyu from [[India]] as '''Imjeongsa''' (林井寺) in 643, the period of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Queen Seondeok]]'s reign (r. 632-647 AD) during the [[Silla kingdom]] period (57 BC–935 AD).<ref name="EncyKorea">(in Korean) [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=283335&v=43 기림사 祈林寺 (Girimsa)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610053157/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=283335&v=43 |date=2011-06-10 }} [[Nate (web portal)|Nate]] / [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]. Retrieved on July 31, 2009.</ref>

After monk [[Wonhyo]] rebuilt the temple, the temple's name was changed to Girimsa which name derives from "Girim jeongsa" (祈園精舍), meaning the forest where [[Buddha]] resided. Once it was the biggest temple in the Gyeongju area until the mid-1940s, even having [[Bulguksa]] as its branch temple. However, the situation has been changed - while Bulguksa has thrived onwards, Girimsa has not due to the accessibility.<ref>[http://isasc.kimm.re.kr/extra.html ''Extra programs''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210072447/http://isasc.kimm.re.kr/extra.html |date=2004-12-10 }} International Symposium on New Frontier of Advanced Si-Based Ceramics and Composites</ref> Yet, the temple consists of 16 buildings containing Daejeokgwangjeon hall (大寂光殿), Yaksajeon hall and Eungjinjeon hall and others. In addition to the buildings, Girimasa has [[relic]]s such as Moktap Site, Three-Story Stone Pagoda and the lacquered Seated Mercy Bodhisattva of Girimsa Temple (Treasure No. 415).<ref name="EncyKorea" /><ref>[http://www.ktd.co.kr/eng/gyeongju/01_03.htm ''Major tour sites''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512135557/http://www.ktd.co.kr/eng/gyeongju/01_03.htm |date=2012-05-12 }} Kyeongbuk Tourism Development Corporation</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Yaksajeon at Girimsa-Gyeongju-Korea-02.jpg|Yaksajeon hall
File:Jinnamnu at Girimsa-Gyeongju-Korea-01.jpg|Jinnamnu
File:Samseonggak at Girimsa-Gyeongju-Korea-03.jpg|Samseonggak
File:Samcheonbuljeon at Girimsa-Gyeongju-Korea-02.jpg|Samcheonbuljeon

</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Bulguksa]]
* [[Korean Buddhist temples]]
* [[Tourism in Gyeongju]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [http://www.kirimsa.com/ Girimsa Official site]

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:7th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:623 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 620s]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]

Gamsansa

2025-07-01T04:14:17Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Korean Buddhist temple}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^감산사지
|hanja=甘山寺址
}}
'''Gamsansa''' refers to a [[Korea]]n [[Buddhist temple]] established during the country's [[Unified Silla]] dynasty. Save for a partially reconstructed pagoda, none of the original temple structures survive. Gamsansa was located approximately 20 kilometers south of the city of [[Gyeongju]], at the time the capital of Silla, not far from the more famous Silla temple of [[Bulguksa]].

According to engravings preserved on extant artifacts excavated from the temple site as well as the 13th century Korean work [[Samguk Yusa]], Gamsan (‘sweet mountain’) Temple was established in 719 by the Silla aristocrat Kim Jiseong (金志誠; 652–?) on the site of his own estate, apparently to pray for the souls of his deceased parents and siblings as well as the future prosperity of the Silla kingdom. Two granite statues, of the [[Maitreya]] Buddha and [[Amithaba]] Buddha, were discovered during the Japanese colonial period in the early 20th century and later designated [[National treasures of South Korea|Korean National Treasures]] no. 81 and 82 respectively. The carving of the Maitreya Buddha had been commissioned by Kim and dedicated to the spirit of his father while the Amithaba was dedicated to the spirit of his mother. They are both currently held at the [[National Museum of Korea]] in Seoul. At the Gyeongju National Museum can be found 12 dancing zodiac figures carved in stone that once decorated the base of the temple's stone pagoda.

==References==
*{{in lang|ko}} [http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=238766&v=43 Brief information about ''Gamsansa''] [[empas|Empas dictionary]]
*{{in lang|ko}} [http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=110542&v=43 Brief information about ''Gamsansa''] [[Empas]]/[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]

{{Coord|35.7664625|N|129.337048|E|region:KR|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:719 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 710s]]
[[Category:8th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:National Treasures of South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:8th-century establishments in Korea]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Bunhwangsa

2025-07-01T04:13:46Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Gyeongju, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
|name=Bunhwangsa
|image=Korea-Gyeongju-Bunhwangsa-Three story pagoda-02.jpg
|caption=The pagoda at Bunhwangsa (2009)
|tradition=[[Korean Buddhism]]
|coordinates={{Coord|35|50|26|N|129|14|01|E|display=title,inline}}
|year_completed=634
|founded_by=[[Queen Seondeok of Silla]]
|designation1=WHS
|designation1_offname=[[Gyeongju Historic Areas]]
|designation1_number=976
|designation1_date=2000
|designation1_criteria=Cultural: (ii), (iii)
|designation2=Historic Sites of South Korea
|designation2_date=2019-02-26
|designation2_number=548
|module={{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^분황사
|hanja=芬皇寺
|child=yes
}}
}}

'''Bunhwangsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=분황사|lit=Fragrant Imperial Temple}}) is a temple complex from the Old [[Silla]] era of Korea.<ref name="AHA">{{cite web|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/kyongju/bunhwangsaindex.htm|title=Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey|first=|last=orientalarchitecture.com|website=www.orientalarchitecture.com}}</ref> It is located in [[Gyeongju]]. The temple is recorded to have been built in 634 under the auspices of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Queen Seondeok]].<ref name="AHA"/> Today the temple is still used by a small group of worshipers but in its heyday, the temple covered several acres and was one of the four main temples of the Silla Kingdom used by the state to ask the Buddha to bless the kingdom.<ref name="AHA"/> The ruins of [[Hwangnyongsa]] lay nearby. It is part of the [[UNESCO]] [[world heritage]] site [[Gyeongju Historic Areas]].

==National Treasure No. 30==
[[File:Korea-Gyeongju-Bunhwangsa-Three story stone pagoda-01.jpg|thumb|left|Bunhwangsa Pagoda around [[Buddha's Birthday]].]]
A notable ruin at the temple is the '''Bunhwangsa Pagoda''' (Kr. Bunhwangsa Seoktap, literally "Stone Pagoda of Bunhwangsa"), the oldest dated pagoda from the Silla Kingdom.<ref name="AHA"/> The pagoda is [[National treasures of Korea|National Treasure of Korea]] No. 30 and was designated by the South Korean government on December 20, 1962.<ref name="CHA">{{cite web|script-title=ko:경주 분황사 모전석탑 (慶州芬皇寺模塼石塔)|url=https://www.cha.go.kr/korea/heritage/search/Culresult_Db_View.jsp?mc=NS_04_03_01&VdkVgwKey=11,00300000,37|website=문화재검색|publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]]|accessdate=30 March 2017}}</ref> The pagoda is based on prototypes from the [[Tang dynasty]] in China. However, unlike Tang pagodas which were made from brick, Silla architects used stones of black andesite cut like brick.<ref name="AHA"/><ref name="CHA"/> Each story of the pagoda is progressively smaller in size and each story's roof is made by placing bricks in a staircase-like fashion. Today, only three tiers of the pagoda remain. Ancient records state the pagoda originally stood nine stories tall.<ref name="CHA"/>
[[File:Korea-Gyeongju-Bunhwangsa-Diamond men-01.jpg|thumb|A close up view of one of the pairs of Mighty Diamond Men. Also, note the debris visible within the doorway.]]
Although once hollow, the collapsed stories of the pagoda have filled the center of pagoda with debris. An excavation and partial restoration in 1915 by the Japanese uncovered a sarira, or relic box, of the cremated remains of a priest hidden in between the second and third stories.<ref name="AHA"/><ref name="CHA"/> Precious artifacts such as gold and stone ornaments, coins, scissors, and a needle were also found in the pagoda which indicated that a woman of royal blood, perhaps even Queen Seondeok herself, had once owned the objects.<ref name="AHA"/> Each side of the pagoda has what may have once been doors into the interior of the pagoda. Two figures guard each doorway and are known as Geumgan-yeoksa (literally "Mighty Diamond Men" from Skt "''vajra-yakṣa''") or Inwangsang, guardians of the Buddhist canon.<ref name="AHA"/><ref name="CHA"/> Each corner of the one-step platform upon which the pagoda rests holds a guardian lion statue. Granite lotus blossoms also adorn the pagoda.<ref name="CHA"/>

A contemporaneous pair of stone pagodas were built at the [[Baekje]] [[Mireuksa]] and the Bunhwangsa Pagoda is often compared with them although those stone pagodas more closely imitated wood architectural styles.<ref name="CHA"/>

==Gyeongsangbuk-do Cultural Property Material No. 9==
[[File:Korea-Gyeongju-Bunhwangsa Hogukyongbyeoneojeong.JPG|thumb|left|Bunhwangsa Hogukyongbyeoneojeong]]

Located at the temple complex is a well called Hogukyongbyeoneojeong ({{Korean|hangul=호국용변어정|labels=no}}) or Samnyongbyeoneojeong from the Silla period. The well's octagonal upper part extends above the ground 70 cm/27.6 in height while the lower part of the well is cylindrical. The structure of the well represents Buddhism's essence.

===Legend===

According to legend in the ''[[Samguk yusa]]'', in 795, the 11th year of [[Wonseong of Silla|King Wonseong]], missionaries from the [[Tang dynasty]] visited Silla. The missionaries changed three dragons protecting Silla into small fish and took them away to Tang China with them, hidden in bamboo.

The next day two women, identifying themselves as two of the dragons' wives, living in Dongji (pond) and Cheongji (pond), came to the king and asked the king to retrieve their dragon husbands taken away by the Tang missionaries. The king immediately sent his men in to bring back the dragons, permitting them live in the Bunhwangsa well.<ref name="visitkorea">{{Cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264194|title=Visit Korea|accessdate=2011-01-12}}</ref>

==Gyeongsangbuk-do Tangible Cultural Property No. 97==
Monument pedestal of Hwajaengguksa ({{Korean|hangul=화쟁국사|labels=no}}) erected in 1101 at the wish of [[Sukjong of Goryeo|King Sukjong]]. Only the [[stele]], with its original calligraphy, remains. This monument appeared to have been destroyed in 1597 (the 30th year of King Seonjo's reign) when the temple was destroyed, and only the pedestal of the monument was left. The historical research of Chusa [[Kim Chŏnghŭi]], who visited the temple at the end of the Joseon dynasty, revealed that it was a monument erected by Wonhyo. Some of the inscriptions were written on the site of the Daedonggeumseokseo, which was discovered in the Bunhwangsa Temple compound in 1976, and are located in the museum of Dongguk university.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%B6%84%ED%99%A9%EC%82%AC&ridx=4&tot=13|script-title=ko:분황사 화쟁국사 비부(芬皇寺和諍國師碑趺)|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]|language=ko|access-date=2018-06-24}}</ref>

==Gyeongsangbuk-do Cultural Property Material No. 317==
Yaksayeorae ({{Korean|hangul=약세여래|labels=no}}), a statue built in 1774, during the 50th year of [[Yeongjo of Joseon|King Yeongjo]].

==Flagpole holder==

Also of note is the flagpole holder which survives from the Silla era.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Bunhwangsa}}
* [http://www.bunhwangsa.org Bunhwangsa]

[[Category:Buddhist temples in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:National Treasures of South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of Silla]]
[[Category:Gyeongju Historic Areas]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 7th century]]

Baengnyulsa

2025-07-01T04:13:08Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Korean Buddhist temple located on the slopes of Geumgang Mountain}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|title = Baengnyul Temple
|img = Korea-Gyeongju-Baekryulsa-Four sided stone image of Buddha-01.jpg
|caption = Four sided stone image of Buddha near the Baengnyulsa temple
|hangul = ^백률사
|hanja = 栢栗寺
}}

The '''Baengnyulsa''' or '''Baengnyul temple''' is a [[Korean Buddhist temples|Korean Buddhist temple]] located on the slopes of Geumgang Mountain in the neighborhood of Dongcheon-dong, [[Gyeongju]], [[North Gyeongsang]] province, [[South Korea]]. It is a branch temple of [[Bulguksa]] temple, the head temple of the 11th district of the [[Jogye Order]]. The foundation date is unknown but is speculated to be around the time when the [[Silla]] Kingdom united the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]] in 692 according to both an oral story and a document on a [[Buddha]] statue.<ref name="EncyKorea Baengnyulsa">(in Korean) [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=249621&v=42 백률사 栢栗寺 (Baengnyulsa)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610061233/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=249621&v=42 |date=2011-06-10 }} [[Nate (web portal)|Nate]] / [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]], Retrieved on August 14, 2009</ref> Baengnyulsa is also believed to be the Jachusa temple which is associated with [[Ichadon]]'s [[martyrdom]].<ref name="Gyeongju City">[http://eguide.gj.go.kr/detail_view/Detail_view.jsp?cid=8344&tab=1 Daeungjeon Hall of Baegyulsa Temple] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140326/http://eguide.gj.go.kr/detail_view/Detail_view.jsp?cid=8344&tab=1 |date=2011-07-22 }} Gyeongju City-Transportation System</ref><ref name="Doosan">(in Korean) [http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=72554&contentno=72554 백률사 栢栗寺 (Baengnyulsa)]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Doosan Encyclopedia]], Retrieved on August 14, 2009</ref>

==Foundation==
The statue which is not handed down today was said to be created by a [[Chinese people|Chinese]] artisan and the temple was created by the time. It is called Daebi Gwaneumsang (大悲觀音像), literally meaning "a statue of the greatly sympathetic [[Guan Yin]]". In [[Samguk Yusa]], the statue had a mysterious episode occurring in 693, the second year of the Silla [[Hyoso of Silla|King Hyoso]]. However, the statue disappeared during the [[Imjin War]], Japanese invasions of Korea in the end of the 16th century.<ref name="EncyKorea Baengnyulsa" /><ref name="Doosan" />

On the other hand, the temple is strongly suggested as the Jachusa temple (刺楸寺), where the beheaded head of [[Ichadon]], the first [[martyr]] for [[Buddhism]] in Korea, was flown to and fallen. The Jachusa temple was established on the site to commemorate him in 528, the following year of his [[martyrdom]] and the 15th year of [[Beopheung of Silla|King Beopheung]]'s reign.<ref name="Gyeongju City" /><ref name="Jachusa">(in Korean) [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=265400&v=43 자추사 刺楸寺 (Jachusa)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610061403/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=265400&v=43 |date=2011-06-10 }} [[Nate (web portal)|Nate]] / [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]], Retrieved on August 14, 2009</ref> Its name, Jachusa was said to be changed to Baengnyulsa with the meaning of "[[pine nut]] and [[chestnut]] temple". In the Silla period, if a sound or meaning of a word was same as another word, Silla people sometimes easily changed names. The sound of ''Ja'' in the Jachusa is similar to ''jat'', or pine nut which has the same meaning to ''baek'' (栢) while ''chu'' (楸) refers to chest nut which meaning is the same as ''yul'' (栗).<ref name="Doosan" />

==See also==
*[[Ichadon]]
*[[Bulguksa]]
*[[Buddhism in Korea]]
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Baengnyulsa}}
*{{in lang|ko}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110201214325/http://baekyulsa.com/ The official site of the Baengnyulsa temple]

[[Category:7th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Gyeongju]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Korea]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]

Wongaksa (Gwangju)

2025-07-01T04:10:43Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Gwangju, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name =Wongaksa
| image =Korea-Gwangju-Wongak Temple-01.jpg
|caption=Wongak Temple
| alt =
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| sect = [[Jogye Order]]
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =
| district =
| location = [[Gwangju]]
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 1914
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^원각사
|hanja=
| child = yes}}
}}
'''Wongak Temple''' or '''Wongaksa''' is a South Korean [[Korean Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple on the Geumnam street in the [[Dong-gu, Gwangju|Dong-gu]] district, [[Gwangju]] city. Situated in the downtown of the metropolitan city, this is a branch temple of the [[Songgwangsa|Songgwang temple]] in [[Suncheon, South Korea|Suncheon]] and belongs to the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. It was founded in 1914 by Master Geumbong Girim (錦峯基林) of [[Seoanmsa|Seonam temple]] as its missionary center in Gwangju.<ref>O, Yun-mi (오윤미), (2008-12-24) (in Korean) [http://www.siminsori.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=60039 크리스마스 캐롤 부르는 스님] siminisori.com</ref>

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.wongaksa.org/ Temple website]

{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:1914 establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1914]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gwangju]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Tongdosa

2025-07-01T04:09:03Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple at Yangsan, South Korea}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea
| Image = Korea-Tongdosa-01.jpg
|caption=Gate of Non-Duality (left), Hall of [[Maitreya]] (center) and Youngsanjeon (right) buildings with three-story stone pagoda (center fore).
| Location = [[Yangsan]], Republic of Korea
| Criteria = Cultural: iii
| ID = 1562-1
| Year = 2018
| Coordinates = {{coord|35|29|16|N|129|3|52|E}}
| locmapin = South Korea
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^통도사
|hanja=通度寺
}}
[[File:Tongdosa-Korea-Ceiling.jpg|thumb|Tongdosa ceiling]]
'''Tongdosa''' ({{Korean|hangul=통도사|lit=Salvation of the World through Mastery of Truth}})<ref name="SK">Le Bas, Tom :"South Korea" pg 244, Insight Guides, 8th edition 2007</ref> is a head temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]] and in the southern part of Mt. Chiseosan<ref name="KS">{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264216|title=Tongdosa Temple (Yangsan) (통도사(양산)) - Official Korea Tourism Organization|website=english.visitkorea.or.kr}}</ref> near [[Yangsan]], [[South Gyeongsang Province]], [[South Korea]].

Tongdosa is one of the [[Three Jewels Temples]] and represents [[Gautama Buddha]]. ([[Haeinsa]], also in South Gyeongsang Province, represents the [[dharma]] or Buddhist teachings; and [[Songgwangsa]] in [[South Jeolla Province]] represents the [[sangha]] or Buddhist community.)

Tongdosa is famous because there are no statues outside<ref name="AHA">{{cite web|title=Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/267/korea-south/busan/tongdosa-temple|website=www.orientalarchitecture.com}}</ref> of the Buddha at the temple because the "real shrines of the [[Buddha]]" (relics) are preserved at Tongdosa.<ref name="KS"/> Courtyards at the temple are arrayed around several [[pagoda]]s that house the Buddha's relics.<ref name="AHA"/>

==Origins==

Tongdosa was established by the monk [[Jajang|Jajang-yulsa]] after returning from [[Tang dynasty|Tang China]] in 646 AD,<ref name="AHA"/> during the reign of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla]]. It thrived throughout the [[Later Silla]] and [[Goryeo]] periods (918-1392), when Buddhism was the [[state religion]], and remained strong even during [[Joseon]].

Tongdosa is reputed to house several [[śarīra|relics of the Buddha]] himself, including a [[kasaya (clothing)|robe]], a begging bowl, and a bone from his skull,<ref name="AHA"/> all relics that Jajang-yulsa brought back from the travels to Tang China he undertook in 636 to study with ten other monks.

Only one building, the [[Mahavira Hall]] (main [[Dharma#Buddhism|Dharma]] worship hall), survived the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)]] in the late 16th century; the other buildings were rebuilt later that period. In the mid 15th century at the height of its prosperity, Tongdosa is said to have had hundreds of buildings and thousands of monks.<ref name="AHA"/> For over 1,300 years Tongdosa's Beopdeung (temple candle) has never gone out.<ref name="KS"/>

===Legend===

Legend has it that at the time of Tongdosa's founding there were nine evil [[dragon]]s living in a big pond. Jajang-yulsa enjoined the dragons to leave by reciting a magic texts. They refused to leave so Jajang-yulsa inscribed the [[Chinese characters|Chinese character]] for fire on a sheet of paper and tossed it skyward while using his long stick to splash the pond.

The water began to boil. The dragons could not endure the heat so three tried to escape and flew off, became disoriented, and died by colliding into a [[cliff]] called Yonghyeolam ("dragon blood rock"). Five of the dragons flew southwest into a valley now called Oryonggok ("five dragon valley").

The last dragon, blinded by the heat, made a vow to Jajang-yulsa that if he spared his life and allowed him to stay in the pond forever, the blind dragon would always guard the temple. Jajang-yulsa granted the dragon's request and the dragon was allowed to stay as protector of the temple.<ref name="LiK1">{{Cite web | url=http://www.lifeinkorea.com/travel2/Temples/252 |title = Tongdo-sa Travel Guide - South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea}}</ref><ref name="KS-TH">{{Cite web | url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=610424 | title=VisitKorea - AboutKorea}}</ref> Nine Dragons Pond, now called Guryongji, still stands beside the main temple hall.<ref name="KT-A&L">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/144_24225.html|title=Tongdo-sa: Ancient Temple Embracing Future|date=15 May 2008|publisher=}}</ref>

==Temple today==

[[File:Korea-Tongdosa-14.jpg|thumb|upright|One of the [[Four Heavenly Kings]], Virūpākṣa - King of the West, in the Tongdosa Guardian Gate]]

Korea's largest temple, Tongdosa, is often called "the temple without a Buddha" because it contains no outdoor statues of the Buddha; rather it is arranged around several [[stupa]]s which contain Jajang-yulsa's relics of the historical Buddha.

The road that meanders up to the temple wanders through a forest called "Pine trees dancing in the wind".<ref name="SK"/> 65 buildings separately house a shrine for virtually every major Buddhist deity. The temple does not seem especially large because many of the buildings are dispersed throughout the surrounding mountainside. 13 hermitages can be found on the temple complex grounds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/korea/temples/tongdosa-temple.html |title=Tongdosa Temple Korea,Buddhism in Tongdosa Temple in Korea,Tongdosa Temple of Korea |accessdate=2014-05-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231183330/http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/korea/temples/tongdosa-temple.html |archivedate=2013-12-31 }}</ref> The buildings are varied in architectural style with many left unpainted or faded. One of the buildings contains a fine mural depicting a boat escorting the deceased into paradise.<ref name="SK"/>

A museum on the temple grounds displays an excellent collection of artwork. Today at this temple there are 19 local treasures and 794 local cultural properties.<ref name="KS"/>

[[File:Korea-Tongdosa-03.jpg|thumb|left|Samseongbanwol or One Mind Bridge near entrance]]Approaching the entrance the first bridge one sees is Samseongbanwol — Three Arch Bridge — meaning three stars and a half moon, sometimes also called the One Mind Bridge. The Chinese character is composed of four strokes; when applying the strokes to the name of the bridge, the long stroke stands for a half moon and the others, three stars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=45,6394,0,0,1,0#.WuQUHG6FPIU|title=Tongdo_sa, Korea's Head Temple of Buddhist Family|last=Buddhist TV|first=Buddhist TV|date=|website=www.buddhistchannel.tv|access-date=2018-04-28}}</ref>

The first gate to the temple, [[Iljumun]], is called the One-Pillar Gate because when viewed from the side the gate appears to be supported by a single pillar. This symbolizes the support of the world and the one true path of enlightenment. Iljumun is the boundary between the spiritual world and the secular world.<ref name="BudOrg">{{cite web |url=http://www.buddhism.org/board/read.cgi?board=glossary&y_number=21&nnew=1 |title=[26] Korean Buddhism and Art (Glossary) |accessdate=2014-04-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512132605/http://buddhism.org/board/read.cgi?board=glossary&y_number=21&nnew=1 |archivedate=2012-05-12 }}</ref>

[[File:Burimun Gate 02.jpg|thumb|Purimun, the Gate of Non-Duality - South Gyeongsang Provincial Tangible Cultural Property #252.]]

The following gate is the Gate of the [[Four Heavenly Kings|Guardians of the Four Directions]] or Four Heavenly Kings, each of whom watches over one cardinal direction. They are the protectors of the world and fighters of evil, each able to command a legion of supernatural creatures to protect the Dharma (Buddhist teachings).

Next comes the third gate of the temple, Purimun, known as the Gate of Non-Duality. The world across this gate is one of non-duality, where there is no distinction between the Buddha and human beings, being and non-being, good and evil, and fullness and emptiness.<ref name="BCh">{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=45,6394,0,0,1,0|title=Tongdo_sa, Korea's Head Temple of Buddhist Family|last=|first=|date=|website=www.buddhistchannel.tv|access-date=}}</ref> During Purimun's long history the gate has been rebuilt many times.

The present Gate of Non-Duality was constructed in the late Joseon Dynasty and was built to line up straight with the One Pillar Gate, Guardian Gate, and Daeungjeon (main Dharma hall). The gate of Non-Duality is the left most structure in the first picture at the top of the page.

Purimun, the Gate of Non-Duality, is designated South Gyeongsang Provincial Tangible Cultural Property #252.<ref name="Life2">{{cite web|url=http://www.lifeinkorea.com/travel/skyongsang/Tongdosa1.htm|title=Tongdo-sa|first=Life in|last=Korea|website=www.lifeinkorea.com}}</ref>
[[File:Korea-Tongdosa-02.jpg|thumb|left|Geumgang Gyedan (Diamond Altar) behind Daeungjeon (main Dharma Hall)]]

Tongdosa is one of five temples in Korea, known as Jeokmyeolbogung, which enshrine the relics of the Buddha that Jajang-yulsa returned from China. Tongdosa is the ‘Buddha Jewel Temple’ because it enshrines Sari Jinsin (the Buddha’s relics) in the Geumgang Gyedan (Diamond Altar), a platform for the ceremony prevailing Buddhist precepts, behind Daeungjeon (main Dharma Hall).<ref name="BudOrg"/>

There is no image of the Buddha or Bodhisattvas, as is typically found in a worship hall, in Tongdosa. Instead a Buddhist altar that spans east to west inside along the front with a window, in the place of a Buddha image, looks out on the Geumgang Gyedan (Diamond Altar).<ref name="KS-TH"/>

Tongdosa's Daeungjeon is National Treasure #290.

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-04.jpg|Single Arch Bridge
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-08.jpg|First or One Pillar Gate at the entrance to Tongdosa
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-09.jpg|Daeungjeon, the Main Worship Hall, National Treasure #290
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-10.jpg|Geukrakbojeon Hall
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-05.jpg|Tongdosa Steles and Stupas
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-12.jpg|Stone Lantern and Gate
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-13.jpg|Museum Pieces
Image:Korea-Tongdosa-11.jpg|Bongbaltap Stupa
Gwaneumjeon Hall 02.jpg|Gwaneumjeon Hall
Eungjinjeon Hall 02.jpg|Eungjinjeon Hall

</gallery>{{Commons category}}

==See also==
* [[Korean Buddhist temples]]
* [[Korean temple cuisine]]
* [[Temple Stay]]
* [[Three Jewel Temples of Korea]]
* [[List of South Korean tourist attractions]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://tongdosa.or.kr/eng/templestay/introduce.php Official site, in English]
*[http://www.tongdomuseum.or.kr/ Tongdosa Museum site]
*[http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/busan/tongdosa.php Asian Historical Architecture: Tongdosa Temple]
*[http://www.buddhism.org/board/read.cgi?board=glossary&y_number=42 Buddhist Art Painting by Tongdosa Bulhwaban]

{{Three Jewels Temples}}

{{coord|35|29|17|N|129|03|53|E|region:KR_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:Busan]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Yangsan]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in South Gyeongsang Province]]
[[Category:7th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Buddhist relics]]
[[Category:646 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 640s]]
[[Category:Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea]]

Sudeoksa

2025-07-01T04:07:31Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in South Chungcheong, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Sudeoksa
| image = Sudeoksa 01.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|36.6633|126.6223|type:landmark_region:KR|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =
| district =
| location = 79 Sudeoksa-angil Deoksan-myeon Yesan-gun South Chungcheong Province ({{langx|ko| 충청남도 예산군 덕산면 수덕사안길 79}})
| elevation_m = 151
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
|module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^수덕사
|hanja=修德寺
|child=yes}}
}}

'''Sudeoksa''' ({{Korean|hangul=수덕사}}) is a head temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. It is located on the southern slopes of [[Deoksungsan]] in Deoksan-myeon, [[Yesan County]], [[South Chungcheong Province]], South Korea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geonames.org/1835731 |title=Sudŏk-sa, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea |author=GeoNames.org |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref>

Sudeoksa was one of very few temples not destroyed during the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)]] (the Imjin Wars). Its main hall is South Korea's oldest wooden building, having been constructed by [[Goryeo]] in 1308. This [[Mahavira Hall]] is [[National Treasure (South Korea)|National Treasure]] of South Korea 49.

== History ==
'''The Only Remaining Baekje Temple'''

Sudeoksa Temple ({{Korean|hangul=수덕사|hanja=修德寺}}) has little known history as surviving records are scarce in comparison to its age. One record says it was established by Ven. Jimyeong Beopsa during the reign of Baekje's King Wideok, and another tells that it was by Ven. Sungje Beopsa in the late Baekje era. Neither claim is backed up by records. However, there is evidence that Ven. Hyehyeon taught at Sudeoksa in 601, and so the temple seems to have been established before that. There are 12 Baekje temples mentioned in literature, including Heungnyunsa, Wangheungsa, Chiraksa, Sudeoksa, Sajasa, and Mireuksa; Sudeoksa Temple is the only surviving one. Considering the fact that a number of Baekje-era roof tiles have been found there, it seems most likely that the temple originated in the Baekje era.

No particular records of Sudeoksa Temple from the Goryeo era remain, but a "ridge beam scroll," discovered during repairs reveals that the Main Buddha Hall was established in 1308. Thus, the temple must have maintained its stature as a major Buddhist temple until the end of the Goryeo era. It is said to have been renovated by Seon Master Naong Hyegeun in the latter part of the 14th century and Joseon era records state that the Main Buddha Hall was renovated in 1528 during the reigns of King Yeongjo and King Sunjo.

'''Cradle of Seon Buddhism in Korea's Modern Era'''

In the late Korean Empire, Seon Master Gyeongheo lived here and taught the Seon tradition. He revived the practice and lineage tradition of Seon Buddhism, which had been discontinued in the 1880s. While residing at Sudeoksa Temple and nearby temples like Cheonjangam, Buseoksa and Gaesimsa, Ven. Gyeongheo ordained and taught disciples such as Suwol, Hyewol, Mangong and Hanam. Ven. Suwol went to Manchuria, lived the life of a secluded sage, and entered paranirvana. Ven. Hyewol went to Busan and established a lineage that transmitted the Dharma to monks Unbong Seongsu, Hyanggok Hyerim and Jinje Beobwon.

Ven. Hanam went to Woljeongsa Temple and established the Odaesan Lineage that transmitted the Dharma to monks Tanheo Taekseong, Bogyeong Huitae, and Manhwa Huichan. Ven. Mangong remained at Sudeoksa and cultivated outstanding disciples such as Bowol Seongin, Yongeum Beopcheon, Byeokcho Gyeongseon, Hyeam Hyeonmun and Gobong Gyeonguk. Thus Ven. Mangong contributed greatly to spreading the seeds of Seon Buddhism which his teacher had sown, enabling Seon Buddhism to take root far and wide.

At present, Sudeoksa Temple is home to Deoksung Chongnim, one of five major comprehensive training complexes of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. Here many monks immerse themselves in study and Seon meditation. It is also the headquarters temple of the 7th religious district of the Jogye Order, and supervises 36 temples in the Naepo region of South Chungcheong Province.

== Cultural properties ==
Of all Sudeoksa Temple's cultural heritage items, foremost is its Main Buddha Hall (National Treasure No. 49). Architecturally, this hall shows stability with simple and elegant aesthetics. The multiple planes created by the brackets and walls resemble an abstract painting.

Sudeoksa Temple has five items of state-designated cultural heritage. Two of these are a Scroll Painting of Rocana Buddha (Treasure No. 1263), and Wooden Seated Sakyamuni Buddha of the Three Times (Treasure No. 1381). It also has five items of Tangible Cultural Heritage of South Chungcheong Province, and four items of Cultural Heritage Material and Registered Cultural Heritage. All in all, Sudeoksa Temple has 15 items of designated cultural heritage

At the temple one can see plaques featuring Kim Jeong-hui's calligraphy, previously hung on the Muryang-sugak Hall and Sigyeongnu Pavilion at Hwa-amsa Temple in Yesan, one of Sudeoksa Temple's branch temples. In addition, the temple has King Gongmin's geomungo, a six-string Korean lute, which was given to Master Mangong by Prince Yi Gang, the second son of King Gojong. Inscribed on it are the words “King Gongmin’s Lute (恭愍王琴),” carved by Yi Jo-muk, a renowned calligrapher and painter of the late Joseon era, and a poem by Master Mangong.

Scattered around the summit of Mt. Deoksungsan behind Sudeoksa Temple are Jeonghyesa Temple, the Seon Hall and many huts for practice. One of them is Geumseondae, which enshrines the portraits of the monks Gyeongheo, Mangong and Hyewol. Jeonwolsa Temple on the summit of Mt. Deoksungsan, is where Mangong spent his later years. Near there stands the stupa of Ven. Mangong on which is written the passage, “The whole world is a single flower.” The stupa is designated Registered Cultural Heritage No. 473.

==Tourism==
The temple is a notable tourist destination, offering visitors a "Temple Stay Program".<ref>{{cite news|last=Cerny|first=Branko|title=Temple stay: 48 hours at Sudeoksa Temple|url=http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/visit/temple-stay-48-hours-sudeoksa-temple-936870|accessdate=26 February 2013|newspaper=CNN Travel|date=4 October 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://templestay.com/common/intro/intro_program_list.asp?t_id=sudeoksa Sudeoksa Temple stay program]</ref>

== Gallery ==

<gallery mode=packed>
Sudeoksa Elephants.jpg
수덕사 가이드맵.jpg
수덕사 대웅전.JPG
수덕사 마당.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]
*[[Korean architecture]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.sudeoksa.com/ Official website]
*[http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/ruralchungnam/sudeoksa.php Asian Historical Architecture: Sudeoksa]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in South Chungcheong Province]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of Goryeo]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in South Chungcheong Province]]
[[Category:14th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Temples that participate in Templestay]]

Sinheungsa

2025-07-01T04:04:26Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Sokcho, South Korea}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img=Korea-Seoraksan-Buddha-Statue-02.jpg
|caption=The Great Unification Buddha Tongil Daebul
|hangul=^신흥사
|hanja=新興寺
}}
'''Sinheungsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=신흥사}}), sometimes spelled '''Shinheungsa''', is a head temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. It is situated on the slopes of [[Seoraksan]] in [[Sokcho]], [[Gangwon-do (South Korea)|Gangwon Province]], [[South Korea]].

Sinheungsa is located in Seoraksan National Park, and many tourists hiking Seoraksan up to [[Ulsanbawi]] (peak) pass by the temple on the way. Other temples with the name Sinheungsa are located in [[Seoul]], [[Samcheok]] and [[Icheon]].

==Origins==

Historical accounts vary as to whether this ancient Zen (Seon) temple was first constructed by [[Jajang]] in 653, first called Hyangseongsa (Temple of Zen Buddhism), or in 637 following his return from [[Tang China]]. It burned to the ground in 699, was rebuilt in 710, burned again in 1645 and was rebuilt in 1648 at its present location by [[Uisang]]. This temple is believed to be the oldest Zen (Seon) temple in the world.<ref name="Shin0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/eng/temple/korexp/html/bu12.html|title=buddhapia.com-Sinheungsa|access-date=2010-04-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327160344/http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/eng/temple/korexp/html/bu12.html|archive-date=2010-03-27|df=}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

==Bronze Buddha==
[[File:Korea-Sinheungsa-Bronze Buddha 2234a-07.jpg|thumb|right|Tongil Daebul closeup showing center forehead adornment, half closed eyes and slight smile]]

The Great Unification Buddha, a 14.6-meter/48-foot, 108 ton gilt-bronze Buddha statue, called "Tongil Daebul", sits atop a 4.3-meter/15-foot high pedestal, of the same material, making the total height 18.9-meter/62-foot, excluding the lightning rod and nimbus.<ref name="Shin2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.buddha.co.kr/html/company53.htm|title=buddha.co.k-Sinheungsa|access-date=2010-04-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013062440/http://www.buddha.co.kr/html/company53.htm|archive-date=2010-10-13|df=}}</ref>

The lotus pedestal is flanked with 16 delicately engraved panels and the forehead of Tongil Daebul is adorned with eight 8-centimeter/3-inch stones of amber, with a single piece of jade in the center that is 10-centimeter/4-inch in diameter.<ref name="Shin2"/>

Tongil Daebul sits with legs crossed and half-closed eyes in meditation, his lips displaying a perceptible smile. A flowing robe with gentle folds, revealing the right shoulder, drapes the Buddha's robust [[torso]]. The hands of Tongil Daebul are positioned in the [[Mudra#Bhumisparsha Mudr.C4.81|mudra]] symbolizing the "enlightened one."

Contained within the hollow statue are three pieces of the Buddha's [[sari]], remains collected after his [[cremation]], donated by the Myanmar government, and the [[Tripitaka]], the original Buddhist scriptures.<ref name="Shin2"/>

The project to construct this statue of the Buddha cost 3.8 billion won ($4.1 million), raised through the contributions for over a decade from over 300,000 small donations from anonymous donors visiting the temple.<ref name="Shin2"/>

This statue is dedicated to [[Korean reunification]] sentiment.<ref name="Shin1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.angelfire.com/ca5/tai/pagodakorea/shinhungsa.html|title=angelfire.com-Shinhungsa |access-date=2010-04-15}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" >
Image:Geungnakbojeon at Sinheungsa 01.jpg|Geungnakbojeon
Image:Geungnakbojeon at Sinheungsa 03.jpg|Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha Triad
Image:Korea-Sinheungsa-Bojero-01.jpg|Bojero (pavilion) built in 1770
Image:Samseong-gak Hall.jpg |Samseong-gak Hall
Image:Korea-Sinheungsa-Deva Kings-01.jpg|Gate Guardian Deva Kings at Sinheungsa
Image:Steles and stupas at Seoraksan 02.jpg |Steles and stupas at Sinheungsa
Image:Korea-Sinheungsa-Hyeonsugyo-01.jpg|Hyeonsugyo
Image:Incense burner at Sinheungsa 01.jpg|Incense burner
Image:Stone lantern at Sinheungsa.jpg|Stone lantern
</gallery>{{Commons category}}

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]
*[[Religion in South Korea]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.shinheungsa.or.kr/ Official site, in Korean]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050516020807/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=3&code=A009003 KoreaTemple profile]}}

[[Category:7th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gangwon Province, South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Sokcho]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Gangwon Province, South Korea]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]

Silleuksa

2025-07-01T04:02:42Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Korean Buddhist temple in Gyeonggi Province}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Silleuksa
| image = Silleuk_internet.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Shilleuksa
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|37|17|51|N|127|39|41|E|region:KR_type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state = [[Yeoju]] in [[gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi Province]]
| district =
| location = 282 Cheonsong-dong, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^신륵사
|hanja=神勒寺
|child = yes}}
}}

'''Shilleuksa''' (also written as '''Silleuksa'''<ref>{{cite book |last=Nilsen |first=R. |date=2004 |title=Moon Handbooks South Korea |publisher=Avalon Travel Publishing }}</ref> and Shilleuk-sa) is a [[Korean Buddhist Temples|Korean Buddhist]] temple situated against a low hill on the north side of the river Namhan, three kilometers east of [[Yeoju]] in [[gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi Province]], approximately one-hour southeast of [[Seoul]]. The only riverside temple in [[South Korea]], Shilleuksa is a sacred pilgrimage site and a repository of seven Treasures. A 500-year-old aromatic juniper tree and a 600-year-old ginkgo tree stand on the temple grounds.

Founded in circa 580 by [[Silla dynasty]] monk [[Wonhyo]], Shilleuksa was enlarged, burned, and rededicated several times. Shilleuksa was made a prayer sanctuary to the royal mausoleum of [[King Sejong the Great]] in 1469 (himself moved from Seoul that year), during the reign of King Seongjong. Often referred to as the "wall temple"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://yj21.net/eng/tour/remain_03.asp |title=County of Yeoju Website |accessdate=8 December 2006 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213148/http://yj21.net/eng/tour/remain_03.asp |archivedate=27 September 2007 }}</ref> because of an impressive brick [[pagoda]] towering high above, Shilleuksa is small by standard measure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=18,208,0,0,1,0 |title=Korea's Only Riverside Temple |last1=Miller |first1=J. |publisher=[[The Korea Times]] |accessdate=8 December 2006}}</ref>

==Treasures==
A six-tier brick pagoda overlooks the river, one of a handful of brick pagodas in the country (T. #226). Nearby is a Silla dynasty memorial stone stela (T. #230) whose inscription concerns a library that once stood on the premises of the preservation of wood printing blocks of the sutras. In the center courtyard is a seven-tier marble pagoda (T. #225) from the early [[Joseon]] period. Relief carvings of dragons, lotus, and wave patterns around its base are all done delicately, with consummate skill. To the side of the main hall is Josadong, a small, rather undistinguished building (T. #180). This hall enshrines the portraits of important monks of the [[Goryeo dynasty]]. To the rear of the building and up a hill is an octagonal gray marble lantern (T. #231) indicative of the Goryeo period, a bell shaped sari budo of monk Naong (T. #228), and a stone stela (T. #229)

==Three portraits in Josadong==
Josadong is the oldest building at Shilleuk-sa. Built to pay tribute to Buddhist priests Naong (c. 1320–1376), Muhak (c. 1327–1405), and Jigong (d. 1363), it enshrines their portraits.

Ordained at the age of 20, master Naong spent ten years in China. He became a celebrated Zen master whose teaching methods integrated chanting, for him a state of mind in which obtrusive thinking became absent. He purportedly planted the temple's 600 year-old ginkgo tree.

Master Muhak was an advisor to [[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Seong-gye]] who became [[Taejo of Joseon|King Taejo]], the founder of the Joseon dynasty. It is thought that Muhak's reputation as a [[geomancer]] influenced Yi's decision to move the capital from [[Gaeseong]] to [[Seoul|Hanyang]] (present-day Seoul).

Arriving in Korea circa 1328, master Jigong was an Indian monk whose Sanskrit name was [[Dhyānabhadra]]. Following his death in China, his remains were returned to the temple.

==Photo gallery==
<gallery caption="">
Image:stele_naong.JPG|Gray lantern, stone stela, and bell-shaped sari budo of Naong
Image:stone_pagoda_shilleuksa.jpg|Multi-story marble stone pagoda
Image:brick_pagoda_shilleuksa.JPG|Seven-tier brick pagoda, one of a handful of brick pagodas in the country
Image:Ginko_tree_shilleuksa.JPG|Six-hundred-year-old ginkgo tree
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist Temples|Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.lifeinkorea.com/Travel2//222 Online Silleuksa article]
*[http://silleuksa.org Silleuksa.org]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213148/http://yj21.net/eng/tour/remain_03.asp County government Website on Silleuksa]

[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Culture of Korea]]
[[Category:Yeoju]]

Pyochungsa

2025-07-01T03:59:32Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{no footnotes|date=August 2018}}
{{short description|Temple}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^표충사
|hanja=表忠寺
}}
'''Pyochungsa''', originally '''Jungnimsa''', is a [[Korean Buddhist temple]] of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. It stands on the slopes of [[Jaeyaksan]] mountain near [[Cheonhwangsan (Gyeongsangnam-do/Ulsan)|Cheonhwangsan]] in the [[Yeongnam Alps]] in [[Danjang-myeon]], northern [[Miryang]], [[South Korea]].

Pyochungsa was first established by [[Wonhyo]] in 654 under the name "Jungnimsa." It was rebuilt at its present location by [[Hwangmyeon]] in 857, in the reign of the [[Silla]] king [[Heungdeok of Silla|Heungdeok]]. In the [[Goryeo]] period, the National Preceptor [[Iryeon]] gathered more than a thousand monks there.

After [[Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea]] in the late 16th century, the temple was renamed "Pyochuongsa" (temple of fidelity displayed) in honor of [[Songun Yu Jeong]], the monk who led various [[righteous army|righteous armies]] against the Japanese. The [[Pyochuong Seowon]], the only [[seowon]] located within the grounds of a Buddhist temple, was also constructed there in Songun's memory.

Due to its rich history and location in the [[Yeongnam Alps]], Pyochungsa is a leading tourist attraction of Miryang. The temple is home to an incense burner which is designated [[National treasure of South Korea]] no. 75. In addition, the entire temple has been designated as [[Gyeongsangnam-do]] Provincial Monument 17.

==External links==

*{{in lang|ko}} [http://pks243778.cafe24.com/pyochungsa/ Official site]
*[http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/culture/200608/kt2006082420265511720.htm Korea Times profile]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312022851/http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/eng/info_db/dest/sight_detail.jsp?seqno=1000 KNTO profile]
*{{in lang|ko}} [http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=182776 Naver Encyclopedia entry]
*{{in lang|ko}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060524194648/http://tour123.co.kr/tour/area/kn/sachal/puchungsa.htm Tour123 profile]

{{coord|35|31|57|N|128|57|39|E|region:KR_type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in South Gyeongsang Province]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Miryang]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in South Gyeongsang Province]]

Mireuksa

2025-07-01T03:57:16Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Iksan, South Korea}}
{{one source|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Mireuksa
| image = 익산 미륵사지 석탑(2019년) 야경.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Iksan Mireuksaji Stone Pagoda at night (2019)
| map_type = South Korea
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| country = South Korea
| state = [[North Jeolla Province]]
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_date = 2015
| designation1_number = 1477
| designation1_criteria = Cultural: (ii), (iii)
| designation1_parent = [[Baekje Historic Areas]]
| designation2 = Historic Sites of South Korea
| designation2_date = 22 June 1966
| designation2_number = 150
| designation2_offname = Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^미륵사
|hanja=彌勒寺
|child=yes}}
}}

'''Mireuksa''' ({{Korean|hangul=미륵사|hanja=彌勒寺}}) was the largest [[Buddhist temple]] in the ancient Korean kingdom of [[Baekje]]. The temple was established in 602 by [[Mu of Baekje|King Mu]] and is located 36.012083 N, 127.031028 E, modern [[Iksan]], [[North Jeolla Province]], South Korea. The site was excavated in 1980, disclosing many hitherto unknown facts about Baekje architecture. [[Mireuksaji Stone Pagoda]] is one of two extant Baekje pagodas. It is also the largest as well as being among the oldest of all Korean pagodas.

The legend of the creation of Mireuksa is told in the ''[[Samguk yusa]]''.{{sfn|Il-yeon|1997|p=123f}} King Mu and his queen were said to have seen a vision of [[Maitreya]] at a pond on [[Yonghwasan]]. The King promptly had the pond drained to establish the Mireuksa temple complex. The nine-storey wooden pagoda that once stood in the center of the complex is said to have been the work of Baekje master craftsman Abiji.

Designated South Korean Historic Site No. 150,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nrich.go.kr/english_new/resch_Act/arh_rrmetho.jsp| archive-url=https://archive.today/20161101052203/http://www.nrich.go.kr/english_new/resch_Act/arh_rrmetho.jsp| url-status=dead| archive-date=2016-11-01| work=National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage| title=Project to Repair and Restore the Stone Pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan| access-date=2016-11-01}}</ref> Mireuksa has been partially restored and now includes a museum.

On 20 June 2018, the second restoration of the Mireuksa pagoda was completed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/849903.html|title = [Photo] Mireuksa stone pagoda reborn after 1,300 years}}</ref>

==Layout==
[[File:Mireuksa, Jeollabuk.jpg|thumb|A reconstruction of the eastern stone pagoda, known as Dongtap. It is 30 meters in height.]]
[[File:Mireuksa-writing.jpg|thumb|Gold plate found in west pagoda]]{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}
The complex included a central wooden pagoda flanked by two stone pagodas. A causeway seems to have led to the outer entrance of the walled complex. Mireuksa temple had a unique arrangement of three pagodas erected in a straight line going from east to west, each with a hall to its north. Each pagoda and hall appear to have been surrounded by covered corridors, giving the appearance of three separate temples of a style known as "one Hall-one Pagoda."

The pagoda at the center was found to have been made of wood, while the other two were made of stone. The sites of a large main hall and a middle gate were unearthed to the north and south of the wooden pagoda.

===Mireuksaji Stone Pagoda (National Treasure No. 11)===
[[Mireuksaji Stone Pagoda]] was designated as a [[National Treasure (South Korea)|national treasure of Korea]] on 20 December 1962 and is the oldest and largest stone pagoda that has survived into modern times. This pagoda was the western pagoda. It is believed to have been built during the reign of King Mu, who ruled from 600 to 640. The pagoda is architecturally significant because it shows how the Baekje adapted their knowledge of woodworking to stone. An example of wood pagoda building techniques being adapted to stone is the fact that the base of the pagoda is low and only one story, like a wood pagoda. From this stone pagoda, scholars can see wood working techniques, which is especially useful because many Korean wood pagodas have not survived the ravages of time and war. Currently, the pagoda has six floors. However, scholars are uncertain of how many storeys the pagoda would have actually reached. Each side of the first story is divided into three sections, and the middle section contains a door which leads into the pagoda. Walking into the center of pagoda, one can observe a massive central pillar. There are also corner pillars and stone supports which mimic wooden support pillars. The corners of the roof of the pagoda were slightly raised up and each progressive story was smaller than the one that preceded it.

During excavations in January 2009, a gold plate was evacuated from the west pagoda. The plate had inscriptions in [[Classical Chinese]] on both sides, describing when and why Mireuksa temple was built. Etched into gold, the letters were inlaid with red paint, or ''juchil'' ({{hanja|朱漆}}), which was a technique reserved for important items or works of art.

The inscription, in the original Chinese, reads:

{{col-begin}} {{col-2}}
:(front)
:竊以法王出世隨機赴
:感應物現身如水中月
:是以託生王宮示滅雙
:樹遺形八斛利益三千
:遂使光曜五色行遶七
:遍神通變化不可思議
:我百濟王后佐平沙乇
:積德女種善因於曠劫
:受勝報於今生撫育萬
:民棟梁三寶故能謹捨
:淨財造立伽藍以己亥

{{col-2}}

:(rear)
:年正月卄九日奉迎舍
:利願使世世供養劫劫
:無盡用此善根仰資大
:王陛下年壽與山岳齊
:固寶曆共地同久上弘
:正法下化蒼生又願王
:后卽身心同水鏡照法
:界而恒明身若金剛等
:虛空而不滅七世久遠
:并蒙福利凡是有心俱
:成佛道
{{col-end}}

Roughly translated into English, this becomes,

{{blockquote|Coming to think of this, the Buddha'' (法王) ''came to this world in synchronisation with and response to the will of the many disciples of Buddhism, and this is like the moon shining in water. Thus the Buddha was born into a palace and achieved Nirvana under a [[Shorea robusta|sal tree]], leaving behind eight pieces of [[sarira]], benefiting three thousand worlds. So surely, if the sarira, which shines in five colours, were to be turned seven times in respectful rite, the resultant divine transformation would be indescribable. Our {{ill|Queen of Baekje|ko|사택왕후}}, (one of King Mu's Queen Consorts) as the daughter of [[Baekje#Social and political structure|Jwapyeong]] (佐平) Sataek Jeokdeok, (沙乇積德) planted benevolence through the ages, and with the karma she has received in her present life, she educated the people. She, being a great supporter of the Buddha's teachings, established temples with her wealth and received this [[Śarīra|sarira]] on the twenty-ninth day of the first month of the [[Sexagenary cycle|Gihae year]]. (March 9, 639 AD according to the [[Julian calendar]]) We pray, through the charity of ages and founding upon this act of benevolence, that the longevity of His Imperial Majesty ([[Mu of Baekje|King Mu]]; 大王陛下) should stand firm like the mountains and that his reign should be eternal with the heavens and the earth. We pray for the spread of the Righteous Way (正法) above, and the flourishing of all people (蒼生) below. We pray again that the body and heart of the Queen become like a water-mirror, ever reflecting Dharma. Let her precious body never perish as with the skies, and give her happiness unto many generations, and let all Buddhist followers achieve [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Enlightenment]].{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}}}

===Treasure No. 236===
Also surviving at Mireuksa are flagpole supports of the temple site (Mireuksaji Danggan Jiju). These two massive stones are set 90 centimeters apart. During special celebrations, a flagpole would sit and be supported by the two stone pillars. There were three holes for flags per pillar. The first pair of holes were square while the other two pairs were round. The base of the flagpoles has not survived. The undecorated nature of the pole, save for horizontal stripes carved on the exterior of the two poles, suggests that the poles were created during [[Later Silla]].

==Preservation and restoration==
In 1910, only a part of the west pagoda ([[National Treasures of South Korea|South Korean National Treasure]] No. 11) was still standing. In 1914, the Japanese government supported it with a concrete backing. In the late 20th century, Korean archaeologists conducted extensive excavations, laying the foundation for a partial reconstruction and the interpretive center. The west stone pagoda's concrete support has been removed beginning in 1999, and the entire structure was dismantled. The complete restoration was [http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/06/21/2018062101791.html/ completed in June 2018].

==Archaeological importance==
Among the many finds at the temple complex have been stone lanterns and the foundation stones for the columns and terraces on which the temple structure stood. Private houses were simple structures with wooden floors. One record indicates that these houses were reached by ladders. Archaeologists excavating the Mireuksa and [[Imgangsa]] temple sites have exhumed tall foundation stones on which wooden floors would have rested. It would appear that this feature was adapted from private houses. The raised floor and heating system later became a characteristic structure of the Korean house.

==See also==
*[[List of Baekje-related topics]]
*[[Korean architecture]]
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[National treasures of Korea]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|author=Il-yeon|authorlink=Il-yeon|title=Samguk Yuksa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vZpJQAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=연세대학교출판부|isbn=978-89-7141-017-2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mireuksa}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.baekje-heritage.or.kr/html/en/historic/historic_010402.html|title= Mireuksa Temple Site|publisher=Baekje World Heritage Center|access-date=27 July 2017}}
* {{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=11,00110000,35|title=Stone pagoda, National Treasure No.11|publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]]|access-date=22 September 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,02360000,35 |title=Flagpole supports, Treasure No.236|publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]]|access-date=22 September 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=13,01500000,35 |title=Mireuksa Temple, Historic Site No.150|publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]]|access-date=22 September 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=31,01710000,36 |title=Stone Buddha, Cultural Property No.171|publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]]|access-date=22 September 2011}}

{{World Heritage Sites in South Korea}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in North Jeolla Province]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of Baekje]]
[[Category:Former Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist archaeological sites in Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in South Korea]]
[[Category:Historic Sites of South Korea]]
[[Category:Museums in North Jeolla Province]]
[[Category:Baekje Historic Areas]]

Mihwangsa

2025-07-01T03:56:43Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in South Jeolla, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name =Mihwangsa
| image =Mihwangsa 11-03810.JPG
|caption=Daeungbojeon - Main Buddha Hall, is Cultural Treasure #947
| alt =
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| sect =
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =[[South Jeolla]]
| district =
| location =
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^미황사
|hanja=美黃寺
| child = yes}}
}}

'''Mihwangsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=미황사}}) is a [[Buddhist temple]] on [[Dalmasan]] (Dharma Mountain), nicknamed ‘Geumgangsan (Diamond Mountain) of the [[Korean peninsula]], [[Haenam County]], [[South Jeolla Province]], [[South Korea]].<ref name="KTO">{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=261979 |title=An Overnight Temple Stay at Mihwangsa Temple in Haenam |publisher=[[Korea Tourism Organization]] |accessdate=2008-05-14}}</ref>

Mihwangsa, considered to be the southernmost temple on the mainland, was established in 749 as a branch temple of [[Daeheungsa]], the head temple of the 22nd district of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]].<ref name="ktn">{{Cite web|url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=35|title=Mihwangsa Temple introduction|accessdate=2012-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210024840/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=35|archive-date=2012-02-10|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Founding legend==

According to the Dongguk Yyeoji Seungram (a geographic book from the [[Joseon dynasty]] introducing features of each province in Korea), sometime during the [[Silla dynasty]], a stone ship arrived at the port off the coast of Dalmasan. A man adorned in gold was standing on the ship holding an oar.

People heard beautiful sounds, a heavenly hymn glorifying the Buddha's virtue, coming from the ship. But when they approached the stone ship to investigate, the ship moved back away from the shore. However, when they gave up and turned their backs to leave, the ship would return closer to the shore again.

This went on for several days. Finally the ship anchored at the port after the Great Master Euijo Hwasang, along with two monks and a hundred of the residents, purified themselves and offered up prayers.

On board the ship they found 80 copies of the [[Avatamsaka Sutra]], 7 copies of the [[Lotus Sutra]], the statues of the [[Vairocana Buddha]] (Birojanabul), the Manjushri Bodhisattva (Munsubosal), 40 saints, 16 [[Arahat]]s, 53 great enlightened masters, and 60 nahan (arahants, enlightened disciples of the Buddha), and some altar paintings.

After opening a golden box they broke open the black rock, found on the ship, a tiny black cow emerged from the rock suddenly growing into a large cow.

Latter that night, Great Master Euijo Hwasang had a dream where a man in golden robes came to him said "I am the king of Wujeon Guk (India). The shape of the mountains in this area is auspicious and suitable for a shrine to ten thousand Buddhas. Please place the [[Sūtra]]s and statues on the back of the cow and establish a temple where it lays down."

The next day Great Master Euijo followed the instructions he had received in the dream and went on a journey. The cow fell when while crossing Dalma Mountain, but got back up again and kept on going. The cow continued on for quite some time before again falling down. But this time the cow did not get back up so Tonggyosa was established where the cow first fell, and Mihwangsa where the black cow fell down the last time.

The temple is named Mi (beautiful) after the unusually pleasing, strangely musical bellow of the black cow, and Hwang (yellow/gold) after the golden robes of the man in Great Master Euijo's dream.<ref name="ktn"/><ref name="mo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mihwangsa.org/|title=Mihwangsa.org|accessdate=2012-12-10}}</ref>

==Treasures==

===Daeungbojeon===

Daeungbojeon, or The Main Buddha Hall has 3 sections in front and 3 sections on the sides. Daeungbojeon employs the dapo style, meaning that the ornate supporting panels between the rafters and the ceiling are constructed on top of the columns as well as between the columns.

Daeungbojeon has a more elaborate design of traditional Korean roof. Viewed from the front, the roof's lower part is rectangular, while its upper part consists of a surface with many parallel grooves in it consisting of a pile of plates of equal thickness arranged stepwise with a constant offset. Viewed from the side, the lower part is the same, while the top part is triangular. Daeungbojeon has ornate protruding corners on the eaves.

[[File:Mihwangsa 11-03733.JPG|thumb|right|250px]]

Inside Daeungbojeon, a screen wall is found right behind the Buddha altar. There is a narrow passageway between this screen and the wall of the hall.

There are three wooden Buddha Statues enshrined in the hall. The central Buddha is Seokgamuni Bul (Sakyamuni, the historical Buddha). On either side is Amita Bul (Amitabha, the Buddha of the Western Pure Land), and Yaksa Yeorae Bul (Bhaisajyaguru, the Buddha of Healing and medicine, who presides in the East).

Daeungbojeon is believed to be from the late Joseon period in the mid 18th century, due to the design of its panels. The four walls of the hall are full of images of innumerable Buddhas above the clouds. The highest columns of the hall still retain the original paintings, including lifelike dragons covering the entire surface of the columns.<ref name="t947">{{Cite web|url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=35&code=A013035&content_code=treasure|title=Daeungbojeon, or The Main Buddha Hall|accessdate=2012-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427080556/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=35&code=A013035&content_code=treasure|archive-date=2012-04-27|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Daeungbojeon is Cultural Treasure #947.

===Eungjindang===

Eungjindang (hall) is also known as Nahanjeon (hall). Eungjin is another name of the Buddha, while Nahan refers to an [[Arahat]] or saint who got enlightenment through practice. The Arahat Halls of Korean temples usually have 16 or 500 Arahats. Mihwangsa's Arahat Hall have 16 Arahats in the painting on the main wall. The Buddha's portrait on the wall reflects the 18th century style of Buddhist painting.

Eungjindang has 3 sections in the front and 2 sections on the sides. The roof is much like Daeungbojeon described above. And like Daeungbojeon, has ornate protruding corners on the eaves.

The current Eungjindang was rebuilt in 1751 after all buildings at Mihwangsa were destroyed in the 1590s.

Eungjindang is Cultural Treasure #1183.

===Mihwangsa Gwaebultaeng===

Gwaebultaeng is a large banner painting used in Buddhist temples during major ceremonies. Gwaebultaeng at Mihwangsa is from the Joseon dynasty, consisting mainly a large portrait of the Buddha in the center, while the dragon king and queen are depicted in the lower part. The Buddha's eyes, ears, nose, and mouth are rather small, while the unisa (fleshy protrusion, one of the 32 physical signs of the Buddha) is clearly portrayed on the crown of the head.

Mihwangsa Gwaebultaeng, produced in 1727, displays the typical style of the late 18th century depicting the calm and visionary world of the Buddha.

Mihwangsa Gwaebultaeng is Cultural Treasure #1342.<ref name="T1342">{{Cite web|url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=35&treasure_id=305&page=1&order_key=ORDER&order_type=1|title=Gwaebultaeng|accessdate=2012-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018101101/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=35&treasure_id=305&page=1&order_key=ORDER&order_type=1|archive-date=2011-10-18|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Mihwangsa Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
Image:Mihwangsa 11-03693.JPG
Image:Mihwangsa 11-03712.JPG
Image:Mihwangsa 11-03748.JPG
Image:Mihwangsa 11-03706.JPG
File:Mihwangsa 11-03711.JPG
File:Mihwangsa 11-03720.JPG
File:Mihwangsa 11-03721.JPG
File:Mihwangsa 11-03724&5.JPG
</gallery>

==Hermitages==

===Budojeon===
'''Budojeon''' is a hermitage of Mihwangsa near the temple ground use primarily as a training and meditation center for the monks.{{Coord|34.3777264|126.5764084|display=inline}}

====Budojeon Gallery====
<gallery class="center">
File:Mihwangsa'a Budojeon (Am) 11-03785.JPG
File:Mihwangsa'a Budojeon (Am) 11-03786.JPG
File:Mihwangsa'a Budojeon (Am) 11-03796.JPG
File:Mihwangsa'a Budojeon (Am) 11-03797.JPG
</gallery>

===Tosolam===
'''Tosolam''' is a small, single room hermitage of Mihwangsa on a peak of Dalmasan that is accessible by a hiking trail that runs along the ridge of Dalmasan.{{Coord|34.3670024|126.5724924|display=inline}}

====Tosolam Gallery====
<gallery class="center">
File:Mihwngsa's Tosolam 11-03826~32.JPG
File:Mihwngsa's Tosolam 11-03832.JPG
File:Mihwngsa's Tosolam 11-03838&39&40.JPG
File:Mihwngsa's Tosolam 11-03843&4.JPG
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Mihwangsa}}
{{commons category|Budojeon}}
{{commons category|Tosolam}}
{{external media|float = right|video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTf3Jjqql-o Video slideshow]}}
* {{in lang|ko}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080520033237/http://www.mihwangsa.com/home.html Official site]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120210024840/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=35 Mihwangsa Temple]}}
*{{in lang|ko}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20050216190739/http://www.dharmanet.net/temple/tour/view.asp?temple_id=1881 Mihwangsa Temple]

[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Haenam County]]
[[Category:Temples that participate in Templestay]]

Jonjaamji

2025-07-01T03:55:49Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Infobox religious building
| name =Jonjaamji
| image =Jonjaamji_Site.jpg
| caption =View of Jonjaamji
| alt = Oseam Temple and surrounding peaks, August 2018
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coords|33.3475678|126.479800|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| sect =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =[[Jeju Province|Jeju Island]]
| district =
| location =
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
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| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^존자암지
|hanja=尊者庵址
| child = yes}}
}}

'''Jonjaamji''' is a [[Korea]]n Buddhist site featuring a [[pagoda]] preserving the sacred [[Relics of the Buddha|relics of The Buddha]]. ''Jonjaamji'' is located in a valley on the southwest ridge of Bulrae Oreum at the Yeongsil Track region of [[Hallasan]] on [[Jeju Island]], [[South Korea]]. On November 1, 2000, the Jeju Provincial Government designated ''Jonjaamji'' as Tangible Property Number 17.

==History==
It is unknown when exactly the Jonjaam temple was founded, but two excavations in 1993 and 1994 suggest that it was constructed by Jonja, the great monk of Arhan, during the late [[Goryeo]] dynasty and continuing into the mid-[[Joseon dynasty]] period.

Chungam Kim Jeong, who was exiled to Jeju-do in August 1520, wrote a book called "Jonjaam Jungsugi." According to his writings, Jonjaam was created when three families, Go, Yang and Bu (the demi-gods from the [[Samseonghyeol]] legend) settled on Jeju-do.<ref>Jonjaamji Site History Sign, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province</ref>

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Korean Buddhism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|en}} [http://english.tour2jeju.net/main/view.php?idno=50184 Tour2Jeju Jonjaamji]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{in lang|ko}} [http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?gs=ws&gd=&cd=&q=&p=1&masterno=736611&contentno=736611 Brief Information about Jonjaamji]{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at Encyber encyclopedia
*{{in lang|ko}} [http://2006.jeju.go.kr/jejunew/board/index.php?id=munhwa3&act=read&idx=59&tpl=print General Information about ''Jonjaamji''] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20071206144259/http://www.jeju.go.kr/ Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 제주도청]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jeju Province]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]

{{Korea-stub}}

Guinsa

2025-07-01T03:53:06Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Temple in North Chungcheong, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name =Guinsa
| image = Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Nestled in the Valley 3027-07.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Guinsa nestled into the valley in the Sobaek Mountains
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|37.031002|128.479915|region:KR_type:landmark_source:kolossus-kowiki|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =
| district =
| location =
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^구인사
|hanja=救仁寺
| child = yes}}
}}
'''Guinsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=구인사|lit=Temple of Salvation and Kindness}}), in the Yeonhwa area of the [[Sobaek Mountains]] located near [[Danyang County|Danyang]] in [[Chungcheongbuk-do]], [[South Korea]], is the headquarters of the [[Cheontae]] school of [[Buddhism in Korea|Korean Buddhism]]. Guinsa is the administrative center of over 140 sub-temples and hermitages of the Cheontae sect.<ref>"Explore Korea - Essence of Culture and Tourism" p202</ref>

Although the architecture of Guinsa follows that of many other Buddhist [[temple]]s in [[Korea]], it is also markedly different in that the structures are several stories tall, instead of the typical one or two stories that structures in many other Korean temples have. This may be due to the restraints of the valley in which it is located and to modern construction techniques, but it creates a visual experience that is both beautiful and unique from what one sees at other temples.

Up to 10,000 monks can live here at any one point while the kitchen can serve food for twice that number when needed.<ref>Paxton, Norbert "Korea" p343</ref> The temple maintains and operates a large farm system covering over 60,000 [[pyeong]]/0.198 km<sup>2</sup>/0.0765 sq MI and provides much of the food prepared and consumed at the temple. As with many Korean temples, free simple vegetarian meals are served for all visitors in Guinsa at setting time (about 6:30-7:00 for breakfast, 11:30-13:30 for lunch, 18:30 for dinner), no matter your race or religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thesoulofseoul.net/tag/guinsa-temple|title=Guinsa Temple - The Soul of Seoul|website=thesoulofseoul.net}}</ref> But as Buddhism believing everything people enjoy now comes from [[karma]] of their past acts and thoughts, they have to finish their meals, whatever they have taken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20150429-a-free-meal-with-south-koreas-monks|title=A free meal with South Korea's monks|first=Erin|last=Craig|publisher=}}</ref>

The ubiquitous black slate roof tiles found commonly on Korean temples is occasionally replaced by orange glazed tiles reminding one of those seen on the roofs of Beijing's Forbidden City. Some buildings resemble the [[Potala Palace]] in Lhasa with their use of height and vertical lines.<ref>Paxton, Norbert "Korea" p343&344</ref>

Guinsa operates [[Geumgang University]] between [[Nonsan]] and [[Daejeon]].<ref name=GuinsaCUD />

The 2 days Temple Stay Program, twice a month, includes getting up at 3am for the morning ceremony, can be booked via internet or phone.<ref>http://temple.cheontae.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526162050/http://temple.cheontae.org/ |date=2015-05-26 }}</ref>

==History==
Unlike many of Korea's temples, Guinsa is fairly new, dating only back to 1945. The temple is strikingly located, squeezed into a narrow valley surrounded on all sides by mountains, and its location was decreed by head monk Sangwol Wongak's (上月圓覺) interpretation of the [[Lotus Sutra]].
[[Image:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Nestled in the Valley 3026-07.JPG|thumb|left|350px|Guinsa halls fill the valley below]]

The original temple was burned down during the Korean War, but the reconstruction of the first building was completed in 1966 and the complex, which now incorporates over 50 buildings, is still expanding.<ref name=GuinsaCUD />

In 1967 the Cheontae school is reestablished at Guinsa and registered with the Korean government as the Cheontae Order. Master Sangwol assumes his position as the First Patriarch of the Order.<ref name=GuinsaCUD />

The 5-Story Dharma Law Hall (5층 대법당 ''Ocheung Daebeoptang'') is completed and becomes the largest building of its kind on Korea.<ref name=GuinsaCUD />

1982 brings the establishment Geumgang Buddhist College at the Geumgang Institute.<ref name=GuinsaCUD />

===Early history===

Early history leading to the establishment of Guinsa:<ref name=GuinsaCUD />
[[Image:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Cheontae Sect Logo 3063-07.JPG|thumb|125px|right|Cheontae Sect Logo]]
*594 AD - The Chinese [[Sui dynasty]] master [[Zhiyi]] completes the Three-part [[Lotus Sutra]] and establishes the Cheontae school.
*581~597 AD - Master Yeongwang of the [[Silla]] dynasty studies the "Sublime Contemplation of the Lotus" under Master Zhiyi in China later returning to Silla to teach the Cheontae Doctrine.
*730 AD - Silla monks Peopyung, Ieung and Sunyeong study the Cheontae teaching under Grand Master Chwagye Hyeonrang and return to Korea to transmit the Cheontae doctrine.
*1097 AD - The Cheontae school of Korea is founded by National Master [[Daegak Guksa]] at Gukcheonsa (temple).
*1424 AD - The Cheontae school is consolidated into the Zen ([[Korean Buddhism#Seon|Seon]]) school as part of the [[House of Yi|Yi dynasty's]] anti- Buddhist policy. This resulted in the Cheontae teachings being merged with folk Buddhism.
*1855 AD - Layman Weolchang Kim Taehyeon writes "Seonhak Lumun (Gateway to Zen)", an exposition of Cheontae meditation practices, to help preserve the Cheontae traditions.

==Structures==

Notable structures include:
[[Image:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Daejosajeon 3023-07.JPG|thumb|right|400px|Daejosajeon (대조사전) or Great Teacher Hall near the top of the valley.]]
* The '''Great Teacher Hall''' (대조사전 ''Daejosajeon''), a shrine erected in the memory of Sangwol Wongak, a large statue of whom can be found inside.
* The '''Four Heavenly Kings Gate''' (사천왕문 ''Sacheonwangmun'') is a two-story stone structure, containing statues of the [[Four Heavenly Kings]], marking the start of the temple complex.
* The '''5-Story Dharma Law Hall''' (5층대법당 ''Ocheung Daebeoptang''), also referred to as the 5-story Grand [[Dharma]] Hall, completed in 1980 is reputedly one of the largest temple buildings in Korea, and like so many of the other buildings on the temple complex, is elaborate in both terms of painting and structural design. The first and second floors contain meditation halls for the monks. The third and fourth floors have shrine rooms for devotees wishing to offer prayer. The fifth floor contains the huge Dharma Hall housing a large gilded altar of the main Buddha [[Shakyamuni]], Supreme Budda of the present, flanked by his attendants. On the left sits [[Avalokitesvara]], Bodhisattva of Compassion, and on the right sits [[Mahasthamaprapta]], Bodhisattva of wisdom. A unique [[Thangka]] behind the Buddhas is a painted raised wood carving.<ref name=GuinsaCUD>Chon Un Dok "Guinsa"</ref>
*The '''Cafeteria Hall''' (향적당 ''Hyangjeokdang'') contains the huge kitchen and large temple cafeteria.
*The '''Three Story Stone Pagoda''' (''Samcheung Seoktap''), located in front of the main sanctuary is a reliquary housing the [[sarira]] of the Buddha brought back from the monastery of the [[Jetavana]] in India. Three elephants support the base of the pagoda and these strong, intelligent animals symbolize the Buddha's Dharma.<ref name=GuinsaCUD />

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Sawoosil 2896-07.JPG|Guinsa Sawoosil (Dormitory)
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa 3005-07.JPG|One of the ornate temple halls on the grounds of Guinsa.
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Tohang Hall2978-07.JPG|Guinsa Tohang Hall is a cafeteria and dormitory for the monks.
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Hall Glazed Roof 2975-07.JPG|Guinsa Hall with Maroon and Blue-Green Glazed Roof Tiles.
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Gold Tiled Roof 3014-07.JPG|Guinsa's golden glazed roof tiles reminiscent of the roof tile in the [[Forbidden City]] in China.
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Ocheung Daebeoptang 2926-07.JPG|Shakyamuni Buddha in the 5-Story Dharma Law Hall (Ocheung Daebeoptang) housing the impressive gilded main altar of the Buddha Shakyamuni flanked by his attendants.
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa 3006-07.JPG|Decorated stairway alongside a Guinsa hall.
File:Korea-Danyang-Guinsa Sangwol Wonga 2981-07k.JPG|Guinsa's Grand Patriarch Sangwol Wongak's golden image in the hall dedicated to the founder.
File:단양 구인사 아미타회상도.jpg|Mural Painting in Guinsa (단양 구인사 아미타회상도)
File:Danyanggun Travel Day2 16 (31517058394).jpg
File:Danyanggun Travel Day2 14 (32320415256).jpg
File:Danyanggun Travel Day2 13 (32239464321).jpg
</gallery>{{Commons category}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cheontae.org/02_kuinsa/kuinsa.html Cheontae official site's page on Guinsa] (in Korean)
*https://web.archive.org/web/20150816035410/http://www.guinsa.org/
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}

[[Category:1945 establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Cheontae Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in North Chungcheong Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Chungcheong Province]]
[[Category:Temples that participate in Templestay]]

Gounsa

2025-07-01T03:52:36Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in South Korea}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img=Korea-Andong-Gounsa-01.jpg
|caption=
|hangul=^고운사
|hanja=孤雲寺
}}

'''Gounsa''' is a head temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. It is located in [[Danchon-myeon]], [[Uiseong County]], in the province of [[North Gyeongsang]], [[South Korea]].

==History==
The temple was built in 681 C.E. by [[Uisang]], a leading Buddhist monk of [[Silla]]. The name means "lonely cloud"; these characters were chosen after the temple was visited by scholar [[Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn]]. The temple had previously been known by the same name, but with the meaning of "high cloud." Ch'oe later designed the temple's Gaunru and Uhwa-ru pavilions. The complex was significantly expanded by Doseon-guksa during the reign of King [[Heongang of Silla]], and included 366 buildings and over 200 monks. It was also during this time that the temple's resident Stone Seated Buddha, which was subsequently designated as a [[National Treasure (South Korea)|national treasure]], was produced. During the [[Goryeo Dynasty]], the temple was reconstructed in 948 and 1018.<ref name="times"/>

Gounsa served as a center of [[uibyeong]] resistance during the [[Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea|Imjin War]], when it was one of few temples to escape being burned by the Japanese forces. After the war, the temple underwent reconstruction in 1695, but burned down in 1803 and 1835; thus, all current buildings dated from the 19th or 20th century. During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]], the temple was designated in 1912 as one of 30 principal temples in Korea, with jurisdiction over 46 branch temples. The temple served as a center of activity for Buddhist monks during the [[March First Movement]] in 1919.<ref name="times">{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2025 |title=KOREAN TEMPLE ADVENTURES: Loss of Goun Temple incalculable |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2025/03/177_395045.html |access-date=March 26, 2025 |website=The Korea Times |language=en }}</ref>

Following Korean independence in 1945, the temple grounds were significantly reduced due to land reform policies that saw its agricultural lands redistributed to farmers. In 1969, Gounsa was designated as the head temple of the 16th District of the Jogye-jong Order of Korean Buddhism, with jurisdiction over 60 temples. In 1975, the temple was again devastated by fire and underwent major restoration works in 1992. In 2025, the complex hosted 40 monks.<ref name="times"/>

The temple was severely damaged during the [[2025 South Korea wildfires]], which occurred hours after the movable national treasures in its collection had been evacuated on 25 March.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-25 |title=Wildfires burn down 7th-century temple, threaten UNESCO sites |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10449665 |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=The Korea Herald|language=en}}</ref> Twenty-one of the complex's 30 buildings were destroyed, including nearly all its wooden structures, the Choe Chi-won Literary Museum, Yeongsu Hall and Gaunru Pavilion, the last two of which are designated national treasures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2025 |title=(LEAD) National treasures moved to safety amid raging wildfires |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250326006551315 |access-date=March 26, 2025 |website=Yonhap News Agency |language=en }}</ref><ref name="times"/> Eleven firefighters who assisted in the evacuation of items and monks and other personnel at the complex were rescued after being trapped in a bathhouse near Daeungjeon Hall for several hours when the fires arrived.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Firefighters rescued from temple bathhouse as wildfire engulfs 1,000-year-old temple |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2025/04/281_395288.html |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=[[The Korea Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Religious significance==
The temple is regarded as the most sacred site for the worship of Jijang-bosal ([[Kṣitigarbha]]) in Korea, with tradition saying that the deceased are asked in the afterlife by [[Yama (Buddhism)|Yama]], the leader of the Ten Kings of the Underworld (Siwang), whether they have been to the Gounsa when they were still alive. This has led to the temple's alternative name, the Haedong Jijang-bosal sanctuary<ref name="times"/>

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Religion in South Korea]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080315011524/http://www.gounsa.net/ Official site, in Korean]
*[http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/ruralgyeongbuk/gounsa.php Asian Historical Architecture: Gounsa Temple]

[[Category:681 establishments]]
[[Category:7th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in North Gyeongsang Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Gyeongsang Province]]
[[Category:Uiseong County]]

Geumtapsa

2025-07-01T03:51:59Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Infobox religious building
| name = Geumtap Temple
| image = Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa 5705-07.JPG
| alt =
| caption = One of the worship halls at Geumtapsa at the base of Mount Cheondeung
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|34.5427801|127.2876513|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =
| district =
| location = Podu-myeon, [[Goheung|Goheung-gun (county)]], [[South Jeolla|Jeollanam-do (province)]], South Korea
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^금탑사
|hanja=
| child = yes}}
}}

{{Commons category}}

'''Geumtapsa''' or Geumtap Temple (Heavenly-Lantern Mountain Golden-Pagoda Temple),<ref name="sanshinorg">{{cite web|url=http://san-shin.org/SWC-09.html|title=Mountain-spirits of the Goheung Peninsula, Korea, 2002 -- Southwest Coast #9|access-date=1 September 2009|publisher=David Mason}}</ref> a [[Korean Buddhism|Korean Buddhist Temple]], is located at the base of Cheondeungsan (mountain) in Podu-myeon (township), [[Goheung|Goheung-gun (county)]], [[South Jeolla|Jeollanam-do (province)]], South Korea. The temple is known for being a [[Bhikkhuni|Bhikkhuni (Buddhist nun)]] refuge and is affiliated with the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Buddhism in Korea|Korean Buddhism]].

==Origin==

Originally built in the 7th century by Buddhist Monk [[Wonhyo]], Geumtapsa dates back to the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms period (57BC - AD668)]] when it was established as a branch of [[Songgwangsa]] (Temple).

==Treasures==

===Tangible Cultural Property #102 (Goheung-gun)===

[[Image:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa Geungnakjeon 5697-07.JPG|thumb|left|Geungnakjeon (Hall), Tangible Cultural Property #102 (Goheung-gun).]]
Geungnakjeon Hall of Geumtapsa Temple (Geumtapsageungnakjeon) is constructed in the style of the later years of the [[Joseon]] period (1392–1910).

It is said to have been burned down in 1597 during [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|Imjin wars]] and to have been reconstructed in 1604. Records show that the building was either repaired or rebuilt in 1846, the 12th year of the reign of [[Heonjong of Joseon|Joseon's King Heonjong (1849-63)]].

Geungnakjeon has a [[Hip roof#Gablet roof or Dutch gable|hipped-and-gabled roof]] with the eaves of the roof being supported by clusters of brackets. The multi-bracketing is typical of late-Joseon architecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=21,01020000,36&queryText=(v_esidocode=36%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=38)&strGuCode=38&strSidoCode=36&requery=|title=Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream|access-date=1 September 2009|publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]]}}</ref>

Geungnakjeon has a Sanshin painting, the "Assembly of Spirits" where Sanshin (the Mountain Spirit), is depicted wearing a "flying scarf" like an immortal angel and holding a Daoist "peach of immortality", both of which are extremely rare (usually only features of his attendants).<ref name="sanshinorg"/>

Temple halls dedicated to [[Amitabha]] Buddha are usually named Geungnakjeon or Paradise Hall.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3RBNkfwKRMC&q=Geungnakjeon&pg=PA123|title=Buddhism: Religion in Korea|last=Choi|first=Joon-sik|date=28 November 2007|publisher=Ehwha women's university press|isbn=9788973007585|pages=123}}</ref>

===Natural Monument #239===

[[Image:Korea-Goheung-Cheondeungsan Geumtapsa 5788-07.JPG|thumb|right|Geumtapsa at the foot of Cheondeungsan. The green surrounding the temple is the forest of Nutmeg Yew trees making up Natural Monument #239.]]

One of the more prominent features at Geumtapsa is the Forest of Nutmeg Yew ([[torreya nucifera]]) that surrounds the temple.

Nutmeg trees are only found in the southern part of Korea. Average height of trees found in the forest is 10m/33 ft but can grow to about 25m/82 ft in height. Its needle-like leaves are thick, small, and sharp at the point. These trees bloom in spring and bear long and round seeds in fall. A good source of lumber, the trees have gradually disappeared and now only a few groves in Jeju-do, and some areas of the Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do (provinces), which have been designated Natural Monuments, remain.

This forest of nutmeg trees at Geumtapsa Temple is at the mid-slope level of Mt. Cheondeungsan and is said to have been planted in 637, the sixth year of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Queen Seondeok ( 632–647)]] of the [[Silla|Silla Kingdom (57B.C.-A.D.935)]].

The forest of nutmeg trees at Geumtapsa Temple in Goheung is designated and conserved as a Natural Monument because of its great value to scientific research.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_dasencgi/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db_query=A4%3A36&v_db=2&v_doc_no=00002778&v_dblist=2&v_start_num=241&v_disp_type=4 |title=Exploring of Cultural Properties |access-date=1 September 2009 |publisher=Cultural Properties Administration |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216190509/http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_dasencgi/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db_query=A4%3A36&v_db=2&v_doc_no=00002778&v_dblist=2&v_start_num=241&v_disp_type=4 |archive-date=16 February 2012 }}</ref>

===Treasure #1344===
Buddhist painting of Geumtapsa Temple (Geumtapsagwaebultaeng) is a painting, or [[gwaebul]], from the [[Jeongjo of Joseon|King Jeongjo period of the Joseon Era]] depicting a unique composition with the three [[Buddha]]s of the past, present and future, flanked by major bosals depicted on a wide canvas.

[[Image:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa 5706-07.JPG|thumb|left|Buddhas in Geungnakjeon (Hall) - (not the gwaebul).]]

Gwaebul refers to a large Buddhist painting that is hung outside the temple hall for outdoor sermons during Buddhist ceremonies or services. The painting is enshrined in Geumtapsa Temple, and is 506 cm/16.6 ft in length and 648 cm/21.3 ft in width.

The composition of the painting is rather simple as only the major bosals are depicted, without guardians such as [[Four Guardian Kings|Sacheonwang (Four Guardian Kings)]]. The painting is divided horizontally into three parts where each of the three Buddhas of the past, present and future are drawn on a large scale. The attendants are depicted at the top and bottom of the painting. The main Buddha is depicted with a genial face and small features.

The yukgye (protuberance on top of Buddha's head) is clearly shown in the shape of a sangtu (topknot) spread out to the side, and there is a large-sized gyeju (jeweled hair ornament) placed on top of the hair. The Buddha is depicted with broad, square shoulders and chigyeon (flower-shape decoration) around his right ankle.

The gwaebulgwe (storage box), in which the painting is stored, was made in 1697, around 100 years before the painting. The painting is a collaborative work of Bihyeon and Kwaeyun in the 2nd year of King Jeongjo of the Joseon Dynasty (1778).

It is an invaluable piece showing the characteristics of the paintings drawn in the late 18th century, such as the Buddha with small features and broad, square shoulders, a yukgye that is spread out to the side, a large-sized gyeju on top of the hair and a chigyeon around the ankle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,13440000,36&queryText=(v_esidocode=36%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=38)&requery=&strGuCode=38&strSidoCode=36|access-date=1 September 2009|title=Heritage Search by Area|publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]]}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa Map 5671-07.JPG
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa 5700-07.JPG
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa 5713-07.JPG
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa Geungnakjeon 5695-07.JPG
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa Geungnakjeon 5733&4-07.jpg
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa Geungnakjeon 5709-07.JPG
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa 5718-07.JPG
File:Korea-Goheung-Geumtapsa 5712-07.JPG
</gallery>

== References ==
<references/>
* [http://tour.goheung.go.kr/g_board/board_read2.jsp?id=eng_03_07&num=6210&nnum=0&category=Tourist+Attractions;jsessionid=10BF370FC213AE4738228351D95B3D81.node1 Cheondeungsan/Geumtapsa]

[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Goheung County]]
[[Category:Buddhist nunneries]]

Geumgoksa

2025-07-01T03:50:33Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Geumgok Temple
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|34.666436|126.776787|type:landmark_region:KR|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = Buddhism
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =
| district =
| location = Pasan-ri, Gundong-myeon, [[Gangjin County]], [[South Jeolla Province]]
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
| hangul = ^금곡사
| hanja = 金谷寺
| child = yes}}
}}

'''Geumgoksa''' or '''Geumgok Temple''' ({{Korean|금곡사}}) is a [[Buddhist temple]] in [[Gangjin]] county, [[South Jeolla]] province, South Korea. Its name means "Golden Valley Temple". Three temples and numerous smaller [[shrines]] and [[burial mounds]] comprise the site. It is noted for its scenery as well as a 3-tiered stone [[pagoda]] that dates to the [[Goryo Dynasty]].{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

==See also==
*[[Boeunsan]]

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311052908/http://www.koreatemple.net/korea_temple/traditional_temple/history/view.asp?temple_seq=1893&category_id=7&content_id=2271 Profile from koreatemple.net, in Korean]}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Taego Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Gangjin County]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in South Jeolla Province]]

{{SouthKorea-Buddhist-temple-stub}}

Geumdangsa

2025-07-01T03:50:03Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Jinan, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Geumdang Temple
| image = Korea-Jinan-Geumdangsa 3669-07.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = South Korea
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|35.7578662|127.3971713|type:landmark_region:KR|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = South Korea
| state =
| district =
| location = Dongchon-ri, Maryeong-myeon, [[Jinan County]], [[North Jeolla Province]]
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^금당사
|hanja=金塘寺
|child=yes}}
}}

'''Geumdangsa''' or Geumdang Temple is a [[Buddhism in Korea|South Korean Buddhist]] temple in the Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain) in Jinan County, [[Jeollabuk-do|North Jeolla Province]], [[South Korea]].

Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain) is part of the Maisan Provincial Park complex and visitors to the park frequently visit Geumdangsa on the way to, or from, the ''better known''{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} [[Tapsa]] (Pagoda Temple) that lies to the northeast, up the path through the park.

Further up the path, past Lake Tapyeongje and Tapsa, is found the small temple of [[Eunsusa]] in the park as well.

==Origin==

Geumdangsa was built in 814 during the reign of [[Heondeok of Silla|King Heondeok]] of the [[Silla|Silla dynasty (57 BCE – 935 CE)]] and is known as the place where the [[Goryeo]] monk Naong Hwasang practiced his form of [[asceticism]]. According to another account, the daughter of General [[Jeon Bong-jun]], who led the anti-establishment and anti-foreigner campaign [[Donghak Peasant Revolution]] in 1894, sought refuge here.

The temple also served as a base for guerrilla troops in the [[Jinan, Jeollabuk-do|Jinan]] area during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial period]].<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreana.or.kr/months/news_view.asp?b_idx=141&lang=en&page_type=list|title=koreana.or.kr|accessdate=2010-02-27}}</ref>

==Treasures==

===Tangible Cultural Properties #18===

Geumdangsamokbuljwasang (Seated Buddha statue in Geumdangsa Temple). This [[Amitabha]] Buddha is believed to have been first built during the [[Unified Silla]] period (668–935).

The gentle facial expression and the plumpness of the body indicates that this image is likely from around 1675. The square face, the smaller shoulders, and the simple style of the robes are typical of Buddhist images of the late [[Joseon dynasty|Joseon]] period (1392–1910).<ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_pro_search/content_view.cgi?AC=00004300&mode=1&v_db=2&v_disp_type=4 |title=ocp.go.kr:9000-ref1 |accessdate=2010-02-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227175753/http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_pro_search/content_view.cgi?AC=00004300&mode=1&v_db=2&v_disp_type=4 |archivedate=2012-02-27 }}</ref>

===Cultural Properties Materials #122===

Geumdangsaseoktap (Stone Pagoda of Geumdang Temple)<ref name="ref3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_dasencgi/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db_query=A4%3A35&v_db=2&v_doc_no=00009157&v_dblist=2&v_start_num=611&v_disp_type=4 |title=ocp.go.kr:9000-ref2 |accessdate=2010-02-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227175809/http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_dasencgi/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db_query=A4%3A35&v_db=2&v_doc_no=00009157&v_dblist=2&v_start_num=611&v_disp_type=4 |archivedate=2012-02-27 }}</ref>
[[File:Korea-Jinan-Geumdangsa 3834-07 Gwaebultang.JPG|thumb|left|Gwaneumbodhisavtta painted in 1686. Monks would conduct prayer rituals appealing for rain in the presence of the painting. Treasure #1266]]

===Treasure #1266===

Geumdangsa houses the hanging painting of the [[Avalokitesvara]] [[Bodhisattva]] (Gwaneumbodhisavtta). This painting is a representative example of a hanging Buddhist painting, measuring 9 meters/30 feet high and 5 meters/16.4 feet wide.

Gwaneumbodhisavtta was painted by 3 artists in the 12th year of [[Sukjong of Joseon|King Sukjong]] in the Joseon dynasty (1686).

Gwaneumbodhisavtta is adorned with a coronet decorated with several Buddha faces over lotus blossoms, surrounded by phoenixes on the left and right sides. Gwaneumbodhisavtta's form is depicted as small with a very large face when compared to the proportions of the body.

The magnificently decorated robes, with splendid ornaments, patterns and shape, overwhelms the canvas. Scarlet is main color with the use of the greens, pinks and white colors producing the warm and soothing aura of the painting.

Surrounding Gwaeumbodhisavtta on the left and right are rows of magnificently colored flame-shaped patterns incorporating 20 small Buddhist gods.

Gwaneumbodhisavtta is depicted with hands holding branches of a Yonghwasu tree.

In the past whenever there was an extended drought in the area, the Geumdangsa monks would conduct prayer rituals appealing for rain in the presence of the painting, which invariably resulted in rainfall shortly thereafter.<ref name="ref4">{{Cite web|url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/EMapResultView.jsp?VdkVgwKey=12,12660000,35&queryText=%28v_esidocode=35%3Cand%3E%20v_elcto=32%29&requery=&strGuCode=32&strSidoCode=35|title=jikimi.cha.go.kr|accessdate=2010-02-27}}</ref>
{{-}}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Korea-Jinan-Geumdangsa 3689-07 Seated Buddha.JPG|Geumdangsamokbuljwasang (Seated Buddha statue in Geumdangsa Temple). Tangible Cultural Properties #18.
File:Korea-Jinan-Geumdangsa 3671-07 Stone Pagoda.JPG|Geumdangsaseoktap (Stone Pagoda of Geumdang Temple). Cultural Properties Materials #122.
File:Korea-Jinan-Geumdangsa 3674-07.JPG|Geumdangsa in the Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain)
File:Korea-Jinan-Geumdangsa 3696-07.JPG|Geumdangsa in the Maisan (Horse Ear Mountain)
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Maisan]]
*[[Geumsansa]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Jinan County]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in North Jeolla Province]]
[[Category:Pagodas in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of Silla]]

Daeheungsa

2025-07-01T03:48:25Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Haenam, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| image = Daeheungsa 11-03878.JPG
| location = [[Haenam County]], South Korea
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_parent = Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea
| designation1_criteria = Cultural: iii
| designation1_number = 1562-7
| designation1_date = 2018
| designation2 = Historic Sites of South Korea
| designation2_offname = Daeheungsa Temple, Haenam

| designation2_date = 2009-12-21
| coordinates = {{coord|34|28|35.3|N|126|37|00.7|E|display=inline,title}}
|module={{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^대흥사
|hanja=大興寺
|child=yes
}}
}}

'''Daeheungsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=대흥사}}), sometimes called '''Daedunsa''', is a main temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. Daeheungsa is located on the slopes of [[Duryunsan]] (Duryun Mountain) in Samsan township, [[Haenam County]], [[South Jeolla Province]], South Korea.<ref name="Dsa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.daeheungsa.com/|title=daeheungsa.com|access-date=2012-12-26}}</ref>

==Origins==
Daeheungsa is believed to date to the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms period]] (4th-9th centuries CE). Although no exact record of its founding has survived, some think Daeheungsa was founded by Adohwasang (Monk) in 514.<ref name="fr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/jeollanam-do/4007010029.html|title=frommers|access-date=2012-12-26}}</ref>

Originally, this temple was called Handeumjeol, after the mountain's original name, Mount Handeum. Chinese characters were eventually used, which caused it to be called Daedum, and later, the name was changed to Daeheungsa. The mountain's name was later changed to Mount Duryun.<ref name="tempnet">{{Cite web|url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=21 |title=koreatemple.net |access-date=2012-12-26 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427075305/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=21 |archive-date=2012-04-27 }}</ref>

Daeheungsa received little attention until 1592, when [[Hyujeong|Seosan Daesa]] (monk) organized and trained a guerilla army of 5,000 monks at the temple to help defend the Korean people during the Imjin War (Japanese invasions).

==Treasures==

===Cultural Properties #348===

'''Daeheungsabungmireugammaaeyeoraejwasang''' (North rock-cut seated Maitreya Buddha of Daeheung Temple) is a cliffside Buddha carved out of a large natural wall of rock, believed to date from the early years of the [[Goryeo]] Dynasty (918-1392). This estimate is based on the sculptural style and the way the lower part of the body is out of proportion with the larger upper part.

The [[mudra]], or symbolic hand gesture, signifies expelling devils. The robe is tied on the left shoulder, which is rather uncommon. One distinctive feature of this statue is the beobeui (sacerdotal robe), which was typical of this era. The hands look weak, and the form of the legs is very awkward.<ref name="treas">{{Cite web|url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=21&code=A013021&content_code=treasure |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427075452/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/treasure/view.asp?temple_id=21&code=A013021&content_code=treasure |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2012-04-27 |title=koreatemple treasues |access-date=2012-12-27 }}</ref>

===Treasure #320===

'''Three-Storied Stone Pagoda of Daeheungsa''' is a 4.3 meter/14.1-foot-high stone pagoda typical of the [[Silla]] Dynasty, and which stands in front of Eungjinjeon (hall). This pagoda is very neat and elegant in its construction.

===Treasure #1347===

'''Stupa of Seosan Dasae of Daeheungasa''' is the reliquary for preserving the [[sarira]] (pearl or crystal-like, bead-shaped objects that are purportedly found among the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters) of the monk Seosan Dasae. He is renowned as the monk who led an army that defeated invading Japanese forces. This 2.6 meter/8.5-foot-high [[stupa]] is believed to have been erected in 1648.

==Features==
[[File:Korea-Daeheungsa-01.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Cheonbuljeon's 1,000 smiling Buddhas]]

Daeheungsa is very famous for the long walkway to the entrance, which wanders through a beautiful forest at the foot of Duryun Mountain.<ref name="tempnet"/>

Inside Cheonbuljeon (Thousand Buddha Hall) are 1,000 smiling Buddha statues.<ref name="fr"/> The tiny Buddhas represent the Buddha that is omnipresent in the past, present, and future, and that anyone can become a buddha. Records indicate that Cheonbuljeon burned down in 1811 and was rebuilt in 1813.

The temple is famous as a historical center of Korean tea culture.<ref name="Dsa"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Daeheungsa 11-03896.JPG
File:Daeheungsa 11-03921&2.JPG
File:Daeheungsa 11-03926.JPG
File:Daeheungsa 11-03927&8.JPG
File:Daeheungsa 11-03916.JPG
File:Daeheungsa 11-03878.JPG
File:Daeheungsa 11-03882.JPG
File:Daeheungsa 11-03905.JPG
</gallery>
{{external media|video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9d3kENpbKM Daeheungsa]}}

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Religion in South Korea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Daeheungsa}}
*[http://www.daeheungsa.com/ Official site]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050516011452/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=21&code=A013021 KoreaTemple profile]}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Haenam County]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in South Jeolla Province]]
[[Category:Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea]]
[[Category:Historic Sites of South Korea]]

Bongseonsa

2025-07-01T03:45:34Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Korean temple}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^봉선사
|hanja=奉先寺
}}
'''Bongseonsa''' is a head temple of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]]. It stands in [[Jinjeop-eup]], [[Namyangju]], a short distance east of [[Seoul]] in [[Gyeonggi]] province, [[South Korea]]. It was built by National Preceptor [[Beobin]] in 969, under the [[Goryeo]] dynasty. At that time it bore the name "Unaksa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bongseonsa Temple |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/bongseonsa-temple/wAHRaY-buu4dGw |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> The current name dates to 1469, when [[Queen Jeonghui]] of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] changed the temple's name at the time that her husband [[Sejo of Joseon|King Sejo]] was buried nearby. The name can be interpreted as "temple of revering the sage." Thereafter, the temple continued to have a close relationship with the queens of Joseon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=40942&docId=1103460&categoryId=33081|title=봉선사|last=|first=|date=|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko|trans-title=Bongseonsa|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref>

Bongseonsa has been burned down and rebuilt several times, due to the 16th-century [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|Seven Year War]], 17th-century [[Manchu invasion of Korea (disambiguation)|Manchu invasions of Korea]], and 20th-century [[Korean War]].

==See also==
*[[Korean Buddhist temples]]
*[[Religion in South Korea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.bongsunsa.net Official site, in Korean]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070301024854/http://english.nyj.go.kr/Tourism/Tangible_005.html Profile of Joseon-era wall paintings in Bongseonsa]

{{coord|37|44|50|N|127|11|00|E|region:KR_type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:969 establishments]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gyeonggi Province]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Namyangju]]
[[Category:10th-century establishments in Korea]]

Bongjeongsa

2025-07-01T03:45:05Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple on the slops of Mt. Cheondeung}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea
| Image = 안동봉정사전경.jpg
| Location = [[Andong]], Republic of Korea
| Criteria = Cultural: iii
| ID = 1562-3
| Year = 2018
| Coordinates = {{coord|36|39|12|N|128|39|45.2|E}}
| locmapin = South Korea
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|img =Korea-Andong-Bongjeongsa_3040-06_Geungnakjeon.JPG
|caption= Geungnakjeon - The oldest wooden building in Korea with the 3-storied pagoda in front at Bongjeongsa.
|hangul = ^봉정사
|hanja = 鳳停寺
}}

{{commons}}

'''Bongjeongsa''' ({{Korean|hangul=봉정사}}) is a [[Korea]]n [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple on the slopes of Mount Cheondeung in [[Andong]] city, [[North Gyeongsang]] Province, [[South Korea]]. It is a subsidiary temple of [[Gounsa]], the head temple of the 16th branch of [[Jogye Order]].<ref name="EncyKorea">(in Korean) [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=249726&v=42 봉정사 鳳停寺 (Bongjeongs)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610084632/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=249726&v=42 |date=June 10, 2011 }} [[Nate (web portal)|Nate]] / [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]</ref>

At 1,650 m²/17,760 ft², Bongjeongsa is the largest temple in [[Andong]], and is the site of the oldest wooden building, Geungnakjeon, in Korea.<ref name= "VK"/> There are 10 buildings at the main temple and a total of 9 other buildings at Bongjeongsa's two sub temples found to the east and west of the main temple complex.

This temple constitutes the oldest example of wooden architecture in Korea. During her trip to Korea in 1999, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom was particularly impressed by the scale and beauty of Bongjeonsa Temple. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Temples of Korea|last=Yoo|first=Myeong-jong|publisher=Myeong-jong|year=2009|pages=48|language=en}}</ref>

==Origin==

Bongjeongsa is believed first established by Monk [[Uisang]] in 672 during the 12th year of King [[Munmu]] of Silla (661-681), however, an inscription found during a restoration of Geuknakjeon state that Neungin Daedeuk, a disciple of Monk Uisang, established the temple.<ref name="VK">{{Cite web|url=http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264144|title=Visitkorea|access-date=2011-01-29|archive-date=2013-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823085353/http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264144|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="OA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/koreasouth/andong/bongjeongsa.php|title=Orientalarchitecture|access-date=2011-01-29}}</ref>

In 1363 the last major reconstruction took place and in 1625 and 1972, renovations were undertaken.<ref name= "OA"/>

==Treasures==

===National Treasure #15===
Geungnakjeon (Nirvana Hall), dates back to the early 1200s, is presumed to be the oldest wooden building in South Korea. Originally called Daejangjeon, it was formerly the main hall of Beongjeongsa Temple.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=국보 제15호 안동 봉정사 극락전 (安東鳳停寺極樂殿) : 국가문화유산포털 - 문화재청|url=http://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?pageNo=5_1_1_0&ccbaCpno=1113700150000&ccbaKdcd=11&ccbaAsno=00150000&ccbaCtcd=37|access-date=2020-08-22|website=Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION|language=ko}}</ref>

The hall was constructed with slated windows on both sides, with the door in the front middle compartment, and has a gabled roof supported by column brackets. Inside the hall, a Buddhist statue is placed and decorated in an ornamental canopy, while the Buddhist altar is carved with a scroll design.<ref name=":0" /> Though built during the [[Goryeo|Goryeo Dynasty]] era, the hall shows influence of the architectural style of the early [[Later Silla|Unified Silla]] Period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geungnakjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple, Andong|url=http://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do;jsessionid=a72sPlFNJtfeBWYQD4ee63TaAwnZETdPyVss1cvUaMPV8JeQ4fuwYDdv75MOyINU.cha-was02_servlet_engine4?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=11&ccebAsno=00150000&sCcebCtcd=37&pageIndex=2&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=}}</ref>

===National Treasure #311===
''[[Daeungjeon]]'' is the main temple hall, with stunning original murals,<ref name="EVK">{{Cite web|title=English.visitkorea|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=262742|access-date=2011-01-30|archive-date=2012-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402142855/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=262742|url-status=dead}}</ref> representing building styles of the early [[Joseon Dynasty]] era. Notable for the style of pillars, most likely brought from [[Song dynasty]], Daeungjeon incorporates a column-head and curved bracket form.<ref name= "OA"/>

===Treasure #448===
Hwaeom Gangdang, a study hall, constructed in 1588 during the mid-Joseon Dynasty.<ref name="EVK"/>

===Treasure #449===
Gogeumdang, a small worship hall, constructed in 1616.<ref name="EVK"/>

===Gyeongsangbuk-do Cultural Heritage #325===
Manseru is a building that was constructed during the reign of King Sukjong of Joseon, and serves as a gateway to the main hall of the temple. On November 1, 2001, it was designated as Gyeongsangbuk-do tangible national treasure No. 325.<ref>[http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1219126&cid=40942&categoryId=33613 BongJeongsa-Manseru]</ref>

===Gyeongsangbuk-do Cultural Heritage #182===
The three-story stone pagoda was designated as Kyongsangbuk-do Tangible Cultural Heritage No. 182 on December 29, 1984. It is 318 cm tall, and is believed to have been made during the mid- Goryeo Dynasty.<ref>http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1195987&cid=40942&categoryId=33613 Bongjeongsa-Three-story stone pagoda</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Korea-Andong-Bongjeongsa 3037-06 Daeungjeon.JPG|Bongjeongsa Daeungjeon - National Treasure #311
File:Korea-Andong-Bongjeongsa 3034-06 Maseru.JPG|Bongjeongsa Maseru
File:Korea-Andong-Bongjeongsa-Maseru-Drum-01.jpg|Drum and wooden fish in the Bongjeongsa Manseru pavilion
File:Korea-Andong-Bongjeongsa 3046-06 Bell Pavilion.JPG|Bongjeongsa Bell Pavilion
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Bulguksa]]
* [[Korean Buddhist temples]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Bongjeongsa}}
* [http://www.bongjeongsa.org/ Official site]

{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Andong]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in North Gyeongsang Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Gyeongsang Province]]
[[Category:682 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 680s]]
[[Category:7th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]

Beomeosa

2025-07-01T03:43:13Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Busan, South Korea}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Beomeosa
| image = 298-1 최수진 범어사의 가을.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = The temple during the fall (2021)
| map_type = South Korea Busan#South Korea
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = 250 Beomeosa-ro (Cheongryong-dong), Geumjeong District, Busan, South Korea
| coordinates = {{coord|35|17|2|N|129|4|5|E|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Jogye Order]] of Korean Buddhism
| deity =
| country = South Korea
| functional_status =
| website = {{homepage|https://www.beomeo.kr/eng/sub1.php|beomeo.kr/eng/sub1.php}} (in English)
| founded_by =
| established = 678
| year_completed =
| footnotes = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^범어사
|hanja=梵魚寺
|child=yes
}}
}}

'''Beomeosa''' ({{Korean|hangul=범어사|lit=Temple of the Nirvana Fish}}) is one of the head temples of the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]] in [[Cheongnyeongnopo-dong]], [[Geumjeong District]], [[Busan]], South Korea. Built on the slopes of the mountain [[Geumjeongsan]], it is one of the country's best known temples.

== Name ==
[[Geumjeongsan]], the mountain where Beomeosa is found, has a pool of water in a boulder near its peak. The pool is called Geumsaem ({{Korean|hangul=금샘|hanja=金井|labels=no|lit=golden fountain}}), and it is believed to have mystical properties because a golden fish from heaven now lives in the lake.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=김 |first=위석 |title=범어사 (梵魚寺) |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0022578 |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |language=ko}}</ref>{{Efn|The legend is recorded in the text ''Revised Academic Geography for the Eastern Country'' ({{Korean|hangul=신증동국여지승남|hanja=新增東國輿地勝覽|rr=Sinjeung dongguk yeoji seungnam|labels=no}})}}

The temple gets its name from this legend: {{Transliteration|ko|rr|beom}} ({{Korean|hangul=범|hanja=梵|labels=no}}) means "[[Nirvana|Nirvāṇa]]", {{Transliteration|ko|rr|eo}} ({{Korean|hangul=어|hanja=魚|labels=no}}) means "fish", and {{Transliteration|ko|rr|sa}} ({{Korean|hangul=사|hanja=寺|labels=no}}) means "temple".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.pomosa.com/intro.htm |title=Introduction |accessdate=2009-06-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606053141/http://temple.pomosa.com/intro.htm |archivedate=2009-06-06 }}</ref> Thus, the temple's name can be translated as "Temple of the Nirvana Fish".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id%3D14%26code%3DA002014 |title=Korean Traditional Temple |accessdate=2009-06-17 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225014342/http://eng.koreatemple.net/travel/view_temple.asp?temple_id=14 |archivedate=2007-02-25 }}</ref> The official website for the temple translates its name as "Temple of Gold Fish from Brahma Heaven".<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Beomeosa |url=https://www.beomeo.kr/eng/sub1.php |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.beomeo.kr}}</ref>

== Description ==
Beomeosa Temple is considered one of the three major temples in southeast Korea, along with [[Haeinsa Temple]] and [[Tongdosa|Tongdosa Temple]]. Its strong Seon Buddhist spirit has earned it the title "Great Headquarters Temple of [[Seon Buddhism]]".

There are three spots at the temple considered particularly scenic: the rock peak behind Wonhyoam Hermitage; two rocks in the shape of a chicken at Gyemyeongam Hermitage; and the legendary "golden well" on top of Mt. Geumjeongsan.

The temple participates in the [[Templestay]] program, where tourists can stay at the temple, eat Buddhist monk food, and experience the routine of the monks there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beomeosa |url=https://eng.templestay.com/temple_info.asp?t_id=beomeosa |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=eng.templestay.com}}</ref>
== Treasures ==
Well before reaching the Beomeosa Temple compound, visitors first see Jogyemun (Treasure No. 1461), the One Pillar Gate. All of its four pillars have short wooden columns sitting on high stone bases.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Jogyemun Gate of Beomeosa Temple, Busan - Heritage Search |url=https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=12&ccebAsno=14610000&sCcebCtcd=21 |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |language=en}}</ref>

Around the temple is a mass of wild wisteria, consisting of over 6,500 plants (Natural Monument No. 176). The wisteria bloom a vibrant lavender color in late spring. This area has thus historically been called "Deungungok" ({{Korean|hangul=등운곡|hanja=藤雲谷|labels=no|lit=Wisteria Blossom Valley}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Population of Wisterias at Beomeosa Temple, Busan - Heritage Search |url=https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=16&ccebAsno=01760000&sCcebCtcd=21&pageIndex=1&region=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=BEOMEOSA&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=#:~:text=The%20Population%20of%20Wisterias%20at,tree%20and%20the%20nettle%20tree. |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |language=en}}</ref>

The temple complex has several buildings and other objects which are designated as official treasures:

* Treasure 250 - Three Story Stone Pagoda. This pagoda dates back to the Unified Shilla era probably erected as part of the original temple that was destroyed by fire in 1592. Only the top three-stories are from the Shilla where the base and fence are later additions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/3pagoda.html |title=Three-story Stone Pagoda |accessdate=2009-06-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607110225/http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/3pagoda.html |archivedate=2009-06-07 }}</ref>
* Treasure 434 - ''[[Daeungjeon]]'', the main temple hall, was built in 1614 after the temple was burned down during the Japanese invasion of 1592. Major renovations of Daeungjeon were undertaken in 1713, 1814 and 1871.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/taeungjon.html |title=Taeungjon |accessdate=2009-06-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607081821/http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/taeungjon.html |archivedate=2009-06-07 }}</ref>
* Tangible Cultural Asset 2 - Iljumun. The first gate to the temple, called the "One Pillar Gate" because when viewed from the side the gate appears to be supported by a single pillar, symbolizing the one true path of enlightenment, supporting the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/iljumun.html |title=Iljumun |accessdate=2009-06-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607092248/http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/iljumun.html |archivedate=2009-06-07 }}</ref>
* Tangible Cultural Assets 11 and 12 - Wonhyoam Eastern Pagoda and Wonhyoam Western Pagoda. Wonhyoam (hermitage) is located to the south of Beomeosa and is the site of these two pagodas. This the site of the former residence of the famous Shilla monk, Wonhyo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.pomosa.com/Ams/wonhyo.html |title=Wonhyo-am |accessdate=2009-06-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606051859/http://temple.pomosa.com/Ams/wonhyo.html |archivedate=2009-06-06 }}</ref>
* Tangible Cultural Asset 15 - Flag Pole Holder. These two very old stone structures, called a jiju, were used to support a flagpole between them. The stones are found on the path up to Beomeosa's main gate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/jiju.htm |title=Chiju |accessdate=2009-06-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607081803/http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/jiju.htm |archivedate=2009-06-07 }}</ref>
* Tangible Cultural Asset 16 - Stone Lamp. This lamp dates back to the Unified Shilla era and was part of the original temple that was destroyed by fire in 1592.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/lamp.html |title=Stone Lamp |accessdate=2009-06-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607110241/http://temple.pomosa.com/tour/lamp.html |archivedate=2009-06-07 }}</ref>
{{Gallery
|Image:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa 6236-07 Three Stroried Pagoda.JPG
|Treasure 250 - Beomeosa Three Story Stone [[Pagoda#Symbolism|Pagoda]] built some time between 826-836, during the [[Silla]] era.
|File:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa-Daeungjeon-01.jpg
|Treasure 434 - Beomeosa Daeungjeon, the main temple hall, built in 1614 after the temple was burned down during the Japanese invasions. Major remodellings of this building were undertaken in 1713, 1814 and 1871.
|Image:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa Iljumun 6410-07.JPG
|Tangible Cultural Asset 2 - Beomeosa [[Iljumun]]. The first gate to the temple, called the "One-[[Column|Pillar]] Gate", because when viewed from the side the gate appears to be supported by a single pillar symbolizing the one true path of enlightenment which supports the world, built originally in 1614.
|Image:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa 3299-06 Stone Lantern.JPG
|Tangible Cultural Asset 16 - Beomeosa Stone Lamp dates back to the Silla era and was part of the original temple that was destroyed by fire in 1592.
}}
== Hermitages ==
* Chungryungam (Blue Lotus Hermitage)
* Naewonam (Buddha's Celestial Teaching Hall Hermitage)
* Kyemyongam (Rooster's Crow Hermitage)
* Daesongam (Great Saint Hermitage)
* Geumgangam (Diamond Hermitage)
* Anyangam (Peace Nurturing Hermitage)
* Mirukam (Maitreya Hermitage)
* Wonhyoam (Former hermitage residence of the famous monk, Wonhyo)
* Sajaam (Lion Hermitage)
* Mansongam (Great Teacher Hermitage)
* Chijangam (Ksitigarbha Hermitage)
== History ==
Beomeosa was established in 678 during the [[Silla]] period, as one of the ten major temples of the Avatamsaka School.<ref name=":0" />

As it was established by decree of King Munmu, Beomeosa Temple began on 360 gyeol of land and had 360 dormitory rooms. However, it was almost reduced to ashes during the Japanese invasion (1592–1597). Later, in 1613, monks like Ven. Myojeon and Ven. Haemin renovated some of its Dharma halls and the dormitory. The Main Buddha Hall and One Pillar Gate are known to have been built at that time.<ref name=":0" />

Seon Master [[Gyeongheo]], an eminent monk of modern times, opened a Seon center at Beomeosa in 1900. Inspired by Ven. Gyeongheo, Seongwol, then abbot of Beomeosa, taught the Seon tradition by establishing Seon centers and Seon assemblies in Beomeosa's six hermitages in the span of 10 years as follows: Geumgangam in 1899; Anyangam in 1900; Gyemyeongam in 1902; Wonhyoam in 1906; Ansimnyo in 1909; and Daeseongam in 1910.

Eminent monks who have lived at the temple include Great Masters [[Uisang]], Pyohun, Nangbaek, Myeonghak, Gyeongheo, [[Yongseong]], [[Manhae]] and Dongsan. Even today, Beomeosa Temple teaches serious Buddhist practice. In 2012, the temple was designated a Geumjeong Chongnim, one of eight comprehensive monastic training complexes for the [[Jogye Order]] of [[Korean Buddhism]], and its first spiritual patriarch is Master Jiyu.<ref name=":0" />

On December 26, 2011, the Los Angeles Times printed a story of the fighting monks at this temple. South Korean Buddhist monk Ando demonstrates [[Sunmudo]] martial arts techniques. Monks from Beomeosa Temple are famed for defeating Japanese invaders during the late 16th century and again during the Japanese occupation of Korea in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last=Glionna |first=John M. |date=26 December 2011 |title=Fighting Monks' new master shares martial arts style with the world |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2011-dec-26-la-fg-korea-fighting-monks-20111226-story.html |access-date=25 February 2012}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
{{Gallery
|Image:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa Seven Storied Pagoda 6227-07 Seven Storied Pagoda.JPG
|Beomeosa Seven Story Stone Pagoda is relatively recent addition and contains a [[Sari]] of the [[Buddha]]. The four corners of the base of the pagoda are guarded by stone sculptures of the Four Heavenly Kings. Beomeosa's museum sets behind the pagoda.
|Image:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa 6214-07 Cheonwangmun.JPG
|Beomeosa's second gate, Beomeosa Cheonwangmun, or Gate of the [[Four Heavenly Kings]] was originally built in 1699 and houses the four kings or divas guarding the entrance to the temple.
|Image:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa 6221-07 Burimun.JPG
|Beomeosa's third gate, Beomeosa Burimun, or Gate of [[Non-duality#Buddhism|Non-Duality]] was originally built in 1699. This is the final gate before entering the main temple compound symbolizing the concept that the realm of the Buddha and this world are the same.
|Image:Beomeosa-temple-busan-tortoises.jpg
|[[Stele]]s along the pathway leading to the entrance to Beomeosa.
}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|South Korea|Religion|Architecture}}
{{Commons category|Beomeosa}}
* [[Jogye Order]]
* [[Korean Buddhism]]
* [[Korean Buddhist temples]]
* [[Temple Stay]]
* [[Three Jewel Temples of Korea]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{Osmway|131922091}}

[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Busan]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in South Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples of the Jogye Order]]
[[Category:Fish in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Busan]]
[[Category:Geumjeong District]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Korea]]
[[Category:678 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 670s]]
[[Category:7th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Temples that participate in Templestay]]

Im Sang-soo

2025-06-24T19:59:40Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{short description|South Korean film director (born 1962)}}
{{family name hatnote|Im||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Im Sang-soo
| image = Im Sang-soo, San Francisco cropped.jpg
| caption = Im in 2004
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|4|27}}
| birth_place = [[Seoul]], South Korea
| occupation = Film director, screenwriter
| years_active = 1989–present
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto|child=yes|headercolor=transparent
| hangul = %임상수
| hanja = 林常樹
}}
}}
'''Im Sang-soo''' ({{Korean|hangul=임상수}}; born April 27, 1962) is a South Korean [[film director]] and [[screenwriter]]. He has twice been invited to compete for the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]: first for ''[[The Housemaid (2010 film)|The Housemaid]]'' in 2010, and then ''[[The Taste of Money]]'' in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Two Korean Movies Invited to Compete at Cannes|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/04/20/2012042000905.html|access-date=2012-04-22|newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=2012-04-20|archive-date=2023-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123225700/https://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/04/20/2012042000905.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and film career==
Im was born in [[Seoul]]. He studied [[sociology]] at [[Yonsei University]] in Seoul before making a move to the Korean Academy of Film Arts (KAFA) in 1989. He began working in film that same year, landing his first job as Park Jeong-won's assistant director on ''[[Kuro Arirang]]'' (was coincidentally also the first film of actor [[Choi Min-sik]]).

Following graduation from KAFA, Im worked as an [[assistant director]] under [[Kim Young-bin (director)|Kim Young-bin]] on ''[[Kim's War]]'' (1994). In 1995 Im wrote the screenplay for ''[[The Eternal Empire]]'', and also the screenplay'' [[A Noteworthy Film]]'', which won him the Creation Prix at the Korean Motion Picture Promotion Scenario Competition.

In 1998 Im landed his first directorial gig. ''[[Girls' Night Out (1998 film)|Girls' Night Out]]'', a drama about three women in Korea, caused a controversy upon release due to the frank and sexually driven dialogue and has received mixed, almost polarized, reviews.

''[[Tears (film)|Tears]]'', a hard drama about the lives of four runaway teenagers in Seoul, came next. Im spent five months in the [[Garibong-dong]] district of Seoul amongst homeless runaway teens before writing the script for the film. This film was shot in 2000 on mini[[DV (video format)|DV]] to save the budget. To achieve greater realism, Im opted to use non-actors.

2003's ''[[A Good Lawyer's Wife|Good Lawyer's Wife]]'' was Im's first film to reach #1 at the South Korean box office, thanks in large part to the suggestive poster and trailer campaign centered on star [[Moon So-ri]] (who was cast after [[Kim Hye-soo]] dropped out to pursue a TV career). This film was also screened in the main competition program at the 2003 [[Venice International Film Festival]].

Next in Im's string of controversial films was 2005's ''[[The President's Last Bang|President's Last Bang]]'', about the night President [[Park Chung Hee]] was assassinated by his [[Kim Jae-gyu|KCIA Director]]. The controversy started before it was released to the public (a press screening had already been held), with President Park's family suing MK Pictures over the film's content. A Korean court ordered the removal of 3 minutes and 50 seconds' worth of documentary footage from the film as it was thought the documentary footage might confuse the public into thinking the film was based on hard facts, which Im admits is not the case.

''[[The Old Garden]]'', Im's fifth film, was released theatrically in fall 2006. It debuted at the 2006 [[San Sebastián Film Festival]]. His 2010 film, ''[[The Housemaid (2010 film)|The Housemaid]]'', competed for the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[2010 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|title=''Housemaid'' Director Delights in Cannes Invitation|url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=130000&biid=2010051958378|work=[[The Dong-A Ilbo]]|access-date=2014-01-24|date=19 May 2010|archive-date=2014-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202112053/http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=130000&biid=2010051958378|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012 ''[[The Taste of Money]]'' competed for the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[2012 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="Official Selection">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/58878.html |title=2012 Official Selection |access-date=2012-04-19 |work=Cannes |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729192927/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/58878.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Actress [[Youn Yuh-jung]], a constant collaborator, has noted that "many actors shy away from working with him because he is provocative and daring, but that is how he views the world".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2012/05/17/artsDesign/At-64-Yoon-Yeojeong-wont-let-age-get-in-the-way-of-a-sex-scene/2953041.html|title=At 64, Yoon Yeo-jeong won't let age get in the way of a sex scene|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=May 17, 2012|access-date=August 23, 2024|archive-date=August 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823150050/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2012/05/17/artsDesign/At-64-Yoon-Yeojeong-wont-let-age-get-in-the-way-of-a-sex-scene/2953041.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Controversy==
All of Im's films have been controversial, but his film ''[[The President's Last Bang]]'', centered on the assassination of [[Park Chung Hee]], has been the most controversial due to its negative portrayal of the Korean president. In 2005 a South Korean court ordered the removal of 3 minutes and 50 seconds of the film before it could be shown to the public. The offending scenes were made up of documentary footage, part of which showed President Park's funeral.

In August 2006 this ruling was overturned, with the court confirming the "right of free expression concerning the depiction of public historical figures". The court has also ordered MK Pictures, the production company that had financed the film, to pay President Park's family 100 million won (roughly US$105,000).<ref name="Twitch Film">{{cite web
|url=http://www.twitchfilm.net/archives/007173.html
|title=The President's Last Bang Will Be Whole Again
|publisher=[[Twitch Film]]
|access-date=2006-10-17
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115222405/http://twitchfilm.net/archives/007173.html
|archive-date=2007-11-15
}}</ref>

The film has been released in South Korea and [[United States|America]] on [[DVD-Video|DVD]] in 2005. Both discs contain a plain black screen where the footage was removed. There has been no release date set for a DVD containing the cut footage. However, the British and French releases contain the fully uncut version.

== Filmography ==
===Feature films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;"|Year
! rowspan="2"|Film
! colspan="3"|Credited as
! class="unsortable" rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! width=65 | [[Film director|Director]]
! width=65 |[[Screenwriter|Writer]]
! width=65 |[[Film producer|Producer]]
|-
| rowspan=2| 1994 || ''Eternal Empire''
|
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| ''The Pirates''
|
|
| {{yes}}
|
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Girls' Night Out (1998 film)|Girls' Night Out]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Tears (film)|Tears]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2001 || ''Indian Summer''
|
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2003 || ''[[A Good Lawyer's Wife]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2005 || ''[[The President's Last Bang]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Old Garden]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2010 || ''[[The Housemaid (2010 film)|The Housemaid]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2012 || ''[[The Taste of Money]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Intimate Enemies (2015 film)|Intimate Enemies]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 2021|| ''[[Heaven: To the Land of Happiness]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
|}

===Short films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;"|Year
! rowspan="2"|Film
! rowspan="2" | Segment
! colspan="2"|Credited as
|-
! width=65 | [[Film director|Director]]
! width=65 |[[Screenwriter|Writer]]
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Rio, I Love You]]''
| ''O Vampiro do Rio''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
| 2015 || ''Color of Asia - Masters''
| ''The Vampire Lives Next Door''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|}

==Awards and nominations==
''A Noteworthy Film''
*1995, Creation Prix at the Korean Motion Picture Promotion Scenario Competition

''[[Tears (film)|Tears]]''
*2000, [[FIPRESCI Prize]] – Special Mention (For its ability to put real life on screen, and its extraordinary performances) at the [[Pusan International Film Festival]]
*2001, Nominated for Best International Feature Film at the [[Torino Film Festival|Torino International Festival of Young Cinema]]
*2001, Nominated for the Bronze Horse at the [[Stockholm Film Festival]]

''[[A Good Lawyer's Wife]]''
*2003, Best Actress ([[Moon So-ri]]) at the [[Stockholm Film Festival]]
*2003, Best Cinematography (Kim Woo-hyung) at the [[Stockholm Film Festival]]
*2003, Silver Spur Prize at the Flanders International Film Festival
*2003, Nominated for the Golden Lion at the [[Venice International Film Festival]]
*2004, Lotus Prize at the [[Deauville Asian Film Festival]]
*2004, Best Actress ([[Moon So-ri]]) at the [[Grand Bell Awards]], South Korea

''[[The President's Last Bang]]''
*2005, [[Lino Brocka]] Award at the [[Cinemanila International Film Festival]]
*2005, Best Film at the [[Baeksang Arts Awards]], South Korea
*2005, Nominated for Best Director at the [[41st Baeksang Arts Awards|Baeksang Arts Awards]], South Korea
*2005, Nominated for Best Screenplay at the [[41st Baeksang Arts Awards|Baeksang Arts Awards]], South Korea
*2005, Best Director at the [[Director's Cut Awards]], South Korea

''[[The Old Garden]]''
*2008, Nominated for Best Screenwriter at the [[Asian Film Awards]]

==See also==
*[[List of South Korean film directors]]
* [[Cinema of Korea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{kmdb person|00001933}}
*{{IMDb name|0407992}}
*{{Hancinema person|Im_Sang-soo}}
*[http://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/pi/basic.nhn?code=1933 Im Sang-soo] at [[Naver]] movie {{in lang|ko}}

{{Im Sang-soo}}
{{Blue Dragon Film Award Best New Director}}
{{Grand Bell Awards for Best New Director}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Im, Sang-Soo}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mass media people from Seoul]]
[[Category:South Korean film directors]]

Lim Chang-yong

2025-06-24T19:55:45Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{short description|Korean baseball player (born 1976)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{family name hatnote|Lim||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
| name = Lim Chang-yong
| image = YS-Lim-Chang-Yong20190711.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption =
| position = [[Pitcher]]
| team =
| number =
| bats = Right
| throws = Right
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1976|6|4}}
| birth_place = [[Gwangju]], South Korea
| debutleague = KBO
| debutdate = June 18
| debutyear = 1995
| debutteam = Haitai Tigers
| debut2league = NPB
| debut2date = March 28
| debut2year = 2008
| debut2team = Tokyo Yakult Swallows
| debut3league = MLB
| debut3date = September 7
| debut3year = 2013
| debut3team = Chicago Cubs
| finalleague = KBO
| finaldate = October 16
| finalyear = 2018
| finalteam = Kia Tigers
| final2league = NPB
| final2date = June 22
| final2year = 2012
| final2team = Tokyo Yakult Swallows
| final3league = MLB
| final3date = September 27
| final3year = 2013
| final3team = Chicago Cubs
| statleague = KBO
| stat1label = [[Win–loss record (pitching)|Win–loss record]]
| stat1value = 130–86
| stat2label = [[Earned run average]]
| stat2value = 3.45
| stat3label = [[Strikeout]]s
| stat3value = 1,474
| stat4label = [[Save (baseball)|Saves]]
| stat4value = 258
| stat2league = NPB
| stat21label = Win–loss record
| stat21value = 11–13
| stat22label = Earned run average
| stat22value = 2.09
| stat23label = Strikeouts
| stat23value = 231
| stat24label = Saves
| stat24value = 128
| stat3league = MLB
| stat31label = Win–loss record
| stat31value = 0–0
| stat32label = Earned run average
| stat32value = 5.40
| stat33label = Strikeouts
| stat33value = 5
| stat34label = Saves
| stat34value = 0
| teams =
*[[Haitai Tigers]] ({{baseball year|1995}}–{{baseball year|1998}})
*[[Samsung Lions]] ({{baseball year|1999}}–{{baseball year|2007}})
*[[Tokyo Yakult Swallows]] ({{npby|2008}}–{{npby|2012}})
*[[Chicago Cubs]] ({{mlby|2013}})
*[[Samsung Lions]] ({{baseball year|2014}}–{{baseball year|2015}})
*[[Kia Tigers]] ({{baseball year|2016}}–{{baseball year|2018}})
|awards=
* 2× [[Korean Series]] champion (2014, 2017)
* KBO ERA leader (1999)
* 4× KBO saves leader (1998–1999, 2004, 2015)
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport | Men's [[baseball]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{KOR}} }}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalBronze | [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Sydney]] | [[Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[World Baseball Classic]]}}
{{MedalSilver| [[2009 World Baseball Classic|2009 Los Angeles]] | [[South Korea national baseball team|Team]] }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]] | [[Baseball at the 2014 Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[2002 Asian Games|2002 Busan]] | [[Baseball at the 2002 Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[1998 Asian Games|1998 Bangkok]] | [[Baseball at the 1998 Asian Games|Team]]}}
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
| hangul = %임창용
| hanja = 林昌勇
}}

'''Lim Chang-yong''' ({{korean|hangul=임창용}}; {{IPA|ko|im.tɕʰaŋ.joŋ}}; born June 4, 1976) is a former South Korean professional [[baseball]] [[right-handed]] [[pitcher]]. He pitched in [[Major League Baseball]], [[Nippon Professional Baseball]], and [[KBO League]] baseball. In the KBO, Lim ranks among the top ten pitchers in terms of career wins, strikeouts, and saves.

==Career==
Lim is a 5 ft 11 in, 175 lb right-handed sidearm pitcher. He could throw a {{convert|160|km/h}} [[four-seam fastball]], though the pitch usually sat at 93–95 mph (150–153 km/h).<ref name=NPBTracker.com>{{cite web|url=http://www.npbtracker.com/data/player.php?p_id=199|title=Chang Yong Lim Average Velocity by Pitch}}</ref> His signature pitch was his [[two-seam fastball]] which, due to its unique tailing movement earned the nickname "Serpent fastball" (뱀직구). His other pitches included a high 70s [[Slider (baseball)|slider]] with a sharp horizontal break, a mid 80s [[forkball]], and a rarely used {{convert|60|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} slow-[[curveball]]. He was one of the few pitchers who could pitch in multiple pitching forms. Lim pitched primarily sidearm and underhand, but could pitch from the three-quarters motion at will.

=== KBO (1995–2007) ===
====Haitai Tigers====
Lim made his pro debut in 1995 with the [[Haitai Tigers]] in [[Korea Baseball Organization]], and was regularly picked for the [[South Korea national baseball team|South Korean baseball team]] as a [[relief pitcher]] since the [[Baseball at the 1998 Asian Games|1998 Asian Games]], and won the bronze medal at the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] and two [[Baseball at the Asian Games|Asian Game gold medals]] in [[Baseball at the 1998 Asian Games|1998]] and [[Baseball at the 2002 Asian Games|2002]].

====Samsung Lions====
Though predominantly known as a [[closer (baseball)|closer]], Lim was converted to a [[starting pitcher]] in 2001, and spent three years as the [[Samsung Lions]]' starter before returning to the bullpen in 2004. There was interest from Major League squads,{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} but Lim decided to stay in South Korea.

=== NPB (2008–2012) ===
====Tokyo Yakult Swallows====
In late 2007, Lim was signed by Japan's [[Tokyo Yakult Swallows]] in the hopes of bolstering their weak bullpen. In the [[2008 Nippon Professional Baseball season|2008 NPB season]], he recorded 33 saves (5th in the NPB league) with a 3.00 ERA in 51 innings pitched.

In the [[2009 Nippon Professional Baseball season|2009 NPB season]], he recorded a 0.00 ERA for a few months, earning his nickname "Mr.Zero", and was also featured in the 2009 NPB All-star Game as a [[closing pitcher|closer]] for the [[Central League]] team. He was sent down to the reserve squad after his ERA rose to 1.84 in a short stint, but he was brought back to strengthen Yakult's weak bullpen, which was responsible for its recent losses.

Lim had his second [[Tommy John surgery]] in July 2012.

=== MLB (2013) ===
====Chicago Cubs====
After the 2012 season, Lim agreed to a contract with the [[Chicago Cubs]] of [[Major League Baseball]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2012/12/13/24/0200000000AEN20121213004800315F.HTML |title=S. Korean pitcher Lim Chang-yong agrees to terms with Chicago Cubs |newspaper=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |date=December 13, 2012 |access-date=December 13, 2012 }}</ref> The Cubs promoted Lim to the major leagues on September 4, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://chicago.cubs.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20130904&content_id=59529348&vkey=pr_chc&c_id=chc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922021404/http://chicago.cubs.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20130904&content_id=59529348&vkey=pr_chc&c_id=chc |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |title=Cubs select the contract of RHP Lim, RHP Bowden designated for assignment |newspaper=MLB.com |date=September 4, 2013 |access-date=September 4, 2013 }}</ref> After the season, Lim was non-tendered by Chicago, becoming a free agent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Cubs/status/407733983649087489|title=Chicago Cubs on Twitter}}</ref> The Cubs re-signed him to a minor league contract. He was released on March 24, 2014.

=== KBO (2014–2018) ===
====Second stint with Lions====
After being released by the Cubs, Lim signed up with Samsung Lions of KBO League (South Korea). In 2014 season, he recorded 31 saves with 5.84 ERA. However, in 2015 season he showed better performance of 33 saves, 2.83 ERA.

Lim was released after 2015 season for illegal gambling.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==== Second stint with Tigers ====
Lim played with the Tigers for the second time in 2016–2018. On March 11, 2019, he announced his retirement.<ref>{{ cite web | url=https://japanese.joins.com/article/111/251111.html | title=＜野球＞元ヤクルト「ミスターゼロ」林昌勇が引退発表 | work=中央日報 | language=ja | date=March 11, 2019 | access-date=March 11, 2019 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of KBO career win leaders]]
* [[List of KBO career strikeout leaders]]
* [[List of KBO career saves leaders]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Baseballstats|mlb=547939|espn=33094|br=l/limch01|fangraphs=14445|brm=lim---001cha}}
*{{Japanese baseball|id=2382}}
*[http://eng.koreabaseball.com/Teams/PlayerInfoPitcher/Summary.aspx?pcode=95657 Career statistics and player information] from [[Korea Baseball Organization]]
*[http://www.tigers.co.kr/players/players_view.asp?pos=Pitcher&pidx=360 Lim Chang-yong]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at Kia Tigers Baseball Club {{in lang|ko}}
*{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/im/im-chang-yong-1.html |title=Im Chang-Yong |access-date=2018-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213174252/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/im/im-chang-yong-1.html |archive-date=2012-12-13 |url-status=dead }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930011127/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=LIMCHA01 Chang-Yong Lim ] at databaseOlympics
*{{cyworld|43116934}}
*[http://cafe.daum.net/bluedragon37 Lim Chang-yong Fancafe] at [[Daum (web portal)|Daum]] {{in lang|ko}}

{{South Korea baseball roster 2000 Summer Olympics}}
{{South Korea roster 2009 World Baseball Classic}}
{{South Korea roster 2017 World Baseball Classic}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lim, Chang-yong}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in baseball]]
[[Category:Arizona League Cubs players]]
[[Category:Baseball players at the 1998 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Baseball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Baseball players at the 2002 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Baseball players at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Chicago Cubs players]]
[[Category:Daytona Cubs players]]
[[Category:Haitai Tigers players]]
[[Category:Iowa Cubs players]]
[[Category:KBO League pitchers]]
[[Category:Kia Tigers players]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball pitchers]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball players from South Korea]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers]]
[[Category:Olympic baseball players for South Korea]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for South Korea]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in baseball]]
[[Category:Samsung Lions players]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate baseball players in Japan]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate baseball players in the United States]]
[[Category:Baseball players from Gwangju]]
[[Category:Tokyo Yakult Swallows players]]
[[Category:Tennessee Smokies players]]
[[Category:World Baseball Classic players of South Korea]]
[[Category:2009 World Baseball Classic players]]
[[Category:2017 World Baseball Classic players]]

Lim Ju-hwan

2025-06-24T19:55:17Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|South Korean actor (born 1982)}}
{{Family name hatnote|Lim|lang=Korean}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lim Ju-hwan
| image = 190502 MBC '이몽' 제작발표회 임주환 (3).jpg
| caption = Lim Ju-hwan in May 2019
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|5|18}}
| birth_place = [[Seoul]], South Korea<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:임주환|url=https://cinefox.com/actor/view?isb=Y&movieman_seq=36520|website=Cinefox (씨네폭스)|language=ko|access-date=March 19, 2024|archive-date=March 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319151852/https://cinefox.com/actor/view?isb=Y&movieman_seq=36520|url-status=live}}</ref>
| othername = Im Joo-hwan
| education = [[Daejin University]]<br />(Theatre and Film)
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2003 – present
| agent = FL Ent
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto|child=yes|headercolor=transparent
| hangul = %임주환
| hanja = 林周煥
}}
}}

'''Lim Ju-hwan''' ({{korean|임주환}}; born May 18, 1982) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his leading roles in the [[Korean drama|television dramas]] ''[[Tamra, the Island]]'' (2009), ''[[Ugly Alert]]'' (2013), ''[[Uncontrollably Fond]]'' (2016) and ''[[The Bride of Habaek]]'' (2017).

==Early life and education==
When he was a senior in high school, Lim joined the theater group called Kwangto, an acronym of ''Kwangdae Tokkaebi'' referring to traditional performers and hobgoblins in Korean, where he was first introduced to theatrical performance. Lim then played the role of the pastor in ''[[The Good Doctor (play)|The Good Doctor]]'' by [[Neil Simon]] and won the prize of best performance in the Fourth Youth Theater Festival in 2000. He also directed the play, ''Pay Tuition Back'', at the school festival. He continues to maintain a good friendship with fellow actor Shin Dong-wook, whom he met at the time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-09-16 |script-title=ko:임주환 "'예쁘다'는 말, 득 될 것 없다"인터뷰) |url=https://www.starnewskorea.com/stview.php?no=2009091113495377376 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=스타뉴스 |language=ko}}</ref>

After graduating from high school, Lim began his professional career in modeling at The Men, a modeling and acting agency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-25 |script-title=ko:임주환│My name is… |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/312/0000001971 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=m.entertain.naver.com}}</ref>

He also enrolled at [[Daejin University]] for his undergraduate and graduate studies in theatre and film.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-12 |script-title=ko:[대진대학교] 변화하는 현장에 발맞춰 교육환경의 최적화 |url=https://n.news.naver.com/article/140/0000038429 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=[[Naver News]] |language=ko}}</ref>

==Career==
===2004–2008: Beginnings===
Lim made his first professional television debut on ''Magic'', aired on [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] in 2004, and made his film debut in ''[[A Millionaire's First Love]]'' in 2006, followed by a series of supporting roles, notably in ''[[The Snow Queen (South Korean TV series)|The Snow Queen]]'' (2006) and ''[[Boys Before Flowers (TV series)|Boys Over Flowers]]'' (2009). He received favorable reviews for his performance as a blind painter in episode 10 of ''Auction House'', a 2007 TV series revolving around the art world which aired on [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]].

===2009–2010: Rising popularity and breakthrough===
Lim's breakthrough came in his first leading role in the 2009 MBC series ''[[Tamra, the Island]]''. Set in Jeju Island, [[Haenam]] in [[South Jeolla Province]], it was a hybrid form of TV drama that combined romantic comedy and historical fiction. It portrayed the relationship between Koreans and foreigners in 17th century [[Joseon]].<ref>[http://www.imbc.com/broad/tv/drama/tamra/concept/index.html "Tamra the Island - Concept"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406082514/http://www.imbc.com/broad/tv/drama/tamra/concept/index.html |date=April 6, 2012 }}. ''iMBC.com'' (in Korean). Retrieved March 16, 2011.</ref> Though it received low ratings, ''[[Tamra, the Island]]'' gained a cult following. Lim later won New Actor of the Year at the 2009 Korean Culture and Entertainment Awards for his performance.

To capitalize on his growing fan base in Japan due to ''[[Tamra, the Island]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Actor Lim Ju-hwan to open official Japanese website|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010022615262647109|work=10Asia|last=Hong|first=Lucia|date=February 26, 2010|access-date=November 3, 2012|archive-date=October 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014082351/http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010022615262647109|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lim Ju-hwan holds first ever meet-and-greet in Japan|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010102514381903783|work=10Asia|last=Hong|first=Lucia|date=October 25, 2010|access-date=November 3, 2012|archive-date=October 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014080301/http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010102514381903783|url-status=live}}</ref> Lim starred in the 2-episode special drama ''Marriage War of Doenjang-kun and Natto-chan'', about a Korean man and a Japanese woman who fall in love while working together on a Korea-Japan joint project.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mister Kimchi and Miss Teriyaki's Wedding War|url=http://content.mbc.co.kr/english/drama/10/1760562_56089.html|work=MBC Global Media|access-date=June 17, 2013|archive-date=August 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820032204/http://content.mbc.co.kr/english/drama/10/1760562_56089.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2011–2012: Military enlistment===
''[[What's Up (TV series)|What's Up]]'', the long-delayed musical campus drama that Lim filmed in 2010, finally aired on cable channel [[Maeil Broadcasting Network|MBN]] in 2011. It was written by renowned drama scribe [[Song Ji-na]] (''[[Sandglass (TV series)|Sandglass]]'') and is the story of college students learning acting and performance arts in the university's musical theatre department. Lim played the leading role of Jang Je-hun, a cynical outsider who becomes completely immersed in the world of musicals.<ref>{{cite web|title=REVIEW: MBN TV series ''What's Up'' - 1st episode|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011120516220461779|work=10Asia|last=Kim|first=Jessica|date=December 5, 2011|access-date=November 3, 2012|archive-date=May 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529114840/http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011120516220461779|url-status=live}}</ref> He followed that with a supporting role as a warm-hearted homeless man with [[Tourette's syndrome]] in the film ''[[The Suicide Forecast]]'' in 2011.

In 2011, Lim enlisted for his [[conscription in South Korea|mandatory military service]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Actor Lim Ju-hwan to enter military this month|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011051215130561679|work=10Asia|last=Hong|first=Lucia|date=May 12, 2011|access-date=November 3, 2012|archive-date=December 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234331/http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011051215130561679|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lim Ju-hwan admitted to hospital during military training|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011062710425265663|work=10Asia|last=Ko|first=Kyoung-seok|date=June 27, 2011|access-date=November 3, 2012|archive-date=December 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233248/http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011062710425265663|url-status=live}}</ref> During basic training, he fainted due to heart problems and was hospitalized for 3 months. He then completed his service despite being given the option for an early discharge.<ref>{{cite web|title=Im Joo-hwan in the military hospital for 'heart problems'|url=http://www.hancinema.net/im-joo-hwan-in-the-military-hospital-for-heart-problems--32741.html|work=[[HanCinema]]|date=August 31, 2011|access-date=December 30, 2013|archive-date=December 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234026/http://www.hancinema.net/im-joo-hwan-in-the-military-hospital-for-heart-problems--32741.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to entering military service Lim left his agency Yedang Entertainment.<ref>[http://www.yedang.co.kr/limjuhwan/ "Lim Ju-hwan profile"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210235538/http://www.yedang.co.kr/limjuhwan/ |date=February 10, 2011 }}. ''Yedang Entertainment''. Retrieved June 22, 2013.</ref>

===2013–present: New agency and comeback===
After his military discharge he moved to [[Blossom Entertainment]]. In 2013, he made his acting comeback in the lead role as a devoted brother in 2013 SBS daily drama ''[[Ugly Alert]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Production press conference of new daily series with young stars|url=http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=3156|work=BNT News|date=May 15, 2013|access-date=January 26, 2018|archive-date=October 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017105459/http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=3156|url-status=dead}}</ref> followed by a villain role in the 2014 film ''[[The Con Artists (2014 film)|The Con Artists]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Im Joo Hwan, Comes Back To Screen With New Movie ''The Technician''|url=http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=9314|work=BNTNews|last=Park|first=Sunghee|date=January 28, 2014|access-date=February 23, 2014|archive-date=February 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228001437/http://www.bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=9314|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as supporting roles in historical drama ''[[Shine or Go Crazy]]'' and romantic comedy series ''[[Oh My Ghost (South Korean TV series)|Oh My Ghost]]'' in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lim Ju-hwan to star in "Shine or Go Crazy"|url=https://www.hancinema.net/lim-ju-hwan-to-star-in-shine-or-go-crazy-75636.html|work=[[HanCinema]]|publisher=[[Nate (web portal)|Nate]]|date=November 20, 2014|access-date=January 26, 2018|archive-date=January 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084045/https://www.hancinema.net/lim-ju-hwan-to-star-in-shine-or-go-crazy-75636.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Park Bo Young, Jo Jeong Seok, Im Joo Hwan, Kim Seul Gi, and Park Jung Ah Confirm for 'Oh My Ghostess'|url=https://www.mwave.me/en/news/news/view/92569/Park-Bo-Young%2C-Jo-Jeong-Seok%2C-Im-Joo-Hwan%2C-Kim-Seul-Gi%2C-and-Park-Jung-Ah-Confirm-for-%E2%80%B2Oh-My-Ghostess%E2%80%B2|work=enewsWorld|date=May 14, 2015}}</ref> romance melodrama ''[[Uncontrollably Fond]]'' in 2016,<ref>{{cite news|title=Stars confirmed for Kim Woo-bin and Suzy's new rom-com|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201511111458262402555_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|work=[[Kpop Herald]]|date=November 11, 2015|access-date=January 26, 2018|archive-date=January 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084105/http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201511111458262402555_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref> and fantasy romance series ''[[The Bride of Habaek]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lim Ju-hwan to star in 'Bride of the Water God'|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201703161724582975210_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|work=[[Kpop Herald]]|date=March 16, 2017|access-date=January 26, 2018|archive-date=January 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084130/http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201703161724582975210_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref> He acted as a Japanese prosecutor Fukuda in 2019 [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]'s period spy drama, ''[[Different Dreams]]''.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:[공식] 임주환, '이몽' 캐스팅 확정...유지태X이요원과 호흡|url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/09/28/2018092800511.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|language=ko|date=September 28, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2019|archive-date=September 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928120058/http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/09/28/2018092800511.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2024, Lim signed with new agency FL Ent.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ko:임주환, 차태현 곁 떠나 진기주 식구로..에프엘이엔티 전속계약 [공식]|trans-title=Lim Joo-hwan leaves Cha Tae-hyun and joins Jin Ki-joo's family.. Exclusive contract with FLENT [Official]|url=https://www.osen.co.kr/article/G1112359401|via=[[Naver]]|publisher={{ill|Osen (newspaper)|ko|OSEN|lt=OSEN}}|language=ko|last=Park|first=So-young|date=June 18, 2024|access-date=June 18, 2024}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''[[A Millionaire's First Love]]''
| Seung-joon
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| ''[[Arang (film)|Arang]]''
| young Hyun-ki
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2007
| ''[[M (2007 film)|M]]''
| Umbrella man
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-09 |script-title=ko:'쌍화점' 임주환, "영화 'M'의 엄브렐라맨이 바로 접니다" |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/109/0002000757 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=m.entertain.naver.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2008
| ''[[A Frozen Flower]]''
| Han-baek
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| ''[[Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do (film)|Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do]]''
| Yoon Jae-kwang
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| ''[[The Suicide Forecast]]''
| Kim Young-tak
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| ''[[The Con Artists (2014 film)|The Con Artists]]''
| Lee Jo-hwon
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
| ''[[Because I Love You (2017 film)|Because I Love You]]''
| Chan-young
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2021
| ''[[Waiting for Rain]]''
| Park Young-hwan
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2022
| ''[[Project Wolf Hunting]]''
| CEO
| style="text-align:center" |
|}

===Television series===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2003
| ''[[Nonstop (South Korean TV series)|Nonstop 3]]''
| Blind date
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2004
| ''Magic''
| Kang-jae's acquaintance brother
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2005
| ''[[A Love to Kill]]''
| Actor role with Eun-suk
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2006
| ''Don't Worry''
| Lee Hyun-jun
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| ''[[The Snow Queen (South Korean TV series)|The Snow Queen]]''
| Seo Geon-ho
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| ''Urban Legend, Not Scary''
| Yoon Hyun-soo
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''The Return of Shim Chung''
| Prince Lee Hong
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| [[Drama City]]: ''Pure Soon-yi''
| Park Joon-su
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| ''Auction House''
| Lee Ji-woon
| Guest (Ep. 10)
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2008
| ''[[Single Dad in Love]]''
| Min Hyun-ki
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| ''General Hospital 2''
| Lee Min-soo
| Guest (Ep, 6-7)
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2009
| ''[[Boys Over Flowers (2009 TV series)|Boys Over Flowers]]''
| So Il-hyun
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
| ''[[Tamra, the Island]]''
| Park Gyu
|
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name=":0" />
|-
! scope="row" | 2010
| ''Marriage War of Doenjang-kun and Natto-chan''
| Kim Dae-chun
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| ''[[What's Up (TV series)|What's Up]]''
| Jang Jae-hun
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2012
| ''March 2''
| Air chan
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2013
| ''[[Ugly Alert]]''
| Gong Joon-soo
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| Drama Festival: ''The Diary of Heong Yeong-dang''
| Kim Sang-yun
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2015
| ''[[Shine or Go Crazy]]''
| [[Daejong of Goryeo|Wang Uk]]
|
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:임주환 "미래의 아들 사관학교 보내고파" (인터뷰)[스포츠투데이] |url=http://stoo.com/article.php?aid=12389460880 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=stoo |language=ko}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oh My Ghost (South Korean TV series)|Oh My Ghost]]''
| Choi Sung-jae
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2016
| ''[[Uncontrollably Fond]]''
| Choi Ji-tae
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
| ''[[The Bride of Habaek]]''
| Hoo-ye
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2018
| [[KBS Drama Special|Drama Special]]: ''Such a Long Farewell''
| Bae Sang-hee
|
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Lim Ju-hwan Confirms Novelist Role in "Drama Special - The Long Goodbye"|url=https://www.hancinema.net/orion-s-daily-ramblings-lim-ju-hwan-confirms-novelist-role-in-drama-special--the-long-goodbye-121784.html|website=[[HanCinema]]|date=August 30, 2018|access-date=August 31, 2018|archive-date=September 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044711/https://www.hancinema.net/orion-s-daily-ramblings-lim-ju-hwan-confirms-novelist-role-in-drama-special--the-long-goodbye-121784.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Different Dreams]]''
| Fukuda
|
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:임주환, MBC '이몽' 출연확정...유지태X이요원과 호흡[공식]|url=https://news.joins.com/article/23003351?cloc=rss%7Cnews%7Ctotal_list|website=[[JoongAng Ilbo]]|language=ko|date=September 28, 2018|access-date=September 28, 2018|archive-date=September 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928044210/https://news.joins.com/article/23003351?cloc=rss%7Cnews%7Ctotal_list|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Great Show]]''
| Kang Joon-ho
|
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2020
| ''[[The Game: Towards Zero]]''
| Gu Do-kyung
|
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Jo|first=Yoon-sun|script-title=ko:[공식] 임주환, MBC '더 게임:0시를 향하여' 캐스팅 확정...옥택연X이연희와 호흡|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003469756|work=[[Sports Chosun]]|via=[[Naver]]|date=September 19, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2019|language=ko|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214164456/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003469756|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Spies Who Loved Me]]''
| Derek Hyun
|
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'나를 사랑한 스파이' 문정혁X유인나X임주환 호흡 확정 "10월 첫 방송"(공식)|url=https://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=202006220904111910|work=Newsen|publisher=[[Naver]]|language=ko|last1=Park|first1=A-reum|date=June 22, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-date=December 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224235543/https://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=202006220904111910|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2022
| ''[[Three Bold Siblings]]''
| Lee Sang-joon
|
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:[공식]이하나x임주환, '삼남매가 용감하게' 출연...주말 안방 찾는다|trans-title=[Official] Hana Lee x Joo-Hwan Lim to appear in 'Three Siblings Bravely'... looking for a weekend home|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003883904|via=[[Naver]]|publisher=[[Sports Chosun]]|language=ko|author=Jeong Bit|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 22, 2022|archive-date=June 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622045011/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003883904|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Television shows ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" |2021–2023
|''[[Unexpected Business]]''
| rowspan="1" |Cast member
|with [[Cha Tae-hyun]] and [[Zo In-sung]] — Season 3 (Season 2 as Guest)
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sun Jin-ah |date=February 1, 2021 |script-title=ko:'어쩌다 사장' 차태현·조인성의 시골슈퍼 영업일지…상반기 첫 공개(공식) |url=http://mksports.co.kr/view/2021/103820/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205230756/http://mksports.co.kr/view/2021/103820/ |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |access-date=February 1, 2021 |website=mksports |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Kim Na-young |date=December 6, 2021 |script-title=ko:차태현X조인성 다시 한 번 '어쩌다 사장' 된다…"시즌2 내년 상반기 방송" |trans-title=Cha Tae-Hyun X Jo In-Sung Becomes the 'Chief' Once Again... "Season 2 broadcast in the first half of next year" |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=410&aid=0000836171 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020337/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=410&aid=0000836171 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=December 6, 2021 |website=mksports |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Min-kyung |date=September 27, 2023 |script-title=ko:[공식] 美 한인마트서 영업하는 차태현·조인성…'어쩌다 사장3' 10월 26일 첫 방송 |trans-title=[Official] Cha Tae-hyun and Jo In-seong operate at a Korean supermarket in the U.S.… 'Somehow I'm the President 3' first airs on October 26th |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=312&aid=0000630643 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927141848/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=312&aid=0000630643 |archive-date=September 27, 2023 |access-date=September 27, 2023 |publisher=Ten Asia |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}</ref>
|}

===Music video appearances===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Artist
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2006
| "Key of Heart"
| [[BoA]]
|
|-
| 2017
| "Miss You"
| [[Huh Gak]]
|
|}

==Theater==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="2" |Title
! rowspan="2" |Role
! rowspan="2" |Theater
! rowspan="2" |Date
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!English
!Korean
|-
! scope="row" | 2000
| ''[[The Good Doctor (play)|The Good Doctor]]''
| 굿 닥터
| Pastor
| rowspan="2" |Theater Group Kwangto
| rowspan="2" |NA
| style="text-align:center" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
! scope="row" | 2002
| ''[[Our Town]]''
|우리 읍내
|—
| style="text-align:center" |
|-
! scope="row" | 2021
| ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire]]''
|욕망이라는 이름의 전차
| Stanley Kowalski
|Hongdae Arts Center Grand Theater
|October 8 to November 21
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:임주환, 연극 무대 오른다...'욕망이라는 이름의 전차' 출연(공식)|trans-title=Im Joo-hwan, going on stage in a play... Appeared in 'A Streetcar Named Desire' (official)|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&aid=0000485934|via=[[Naver]]|work=Newsen|language=ko|author=Lee Min-ji|date=September 3, 2021|access-date=September 3, 2021|archive-date=September 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903065542/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&aid=0000485934|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2024
|''The Best Play Festival 10: Kilology''
|연극열전10: 킬롤로지
|Paul
|Daehak-ro TOM 2
|September 27 to Desember 1
|<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:연극 9월 개막…김수현·임주환·최석진 등 캐스팅 |url=https://www.themusical.co.kr/News/Detail?num=14154 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.themusical.co.kr |language=ko}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" | Year
! Award
! scope="col" | Category
! Nominated work
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
| 17th Korean Culture and Entertainment Awards
| rowspan="2" | Best New Actor
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Tamra, the Island]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:소녀시대·송승헌·설경구 문화연예대상 대상|url=http://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2009113012344195565&outlink=1&ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.sg|work=Star News|language=ko|date=November 30, 2009|access-date=February 1, 2018|archive-date=January 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128083410/http://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2009113012344195565&outlink=1&ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.sg|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[2009 MBC Drama Awards|MBC Drama Awards]]
| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| rowspan="2" | [[2013 SBS Drama Awards|SBS Drama Awards]]
| New Star Award
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Ugly Alert]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Bo-young Grabs 1st Top Prize at the 2013 SBS Drama Awards|url=http://www.tenasia.com/lee-bo-young-grabs-1st-top-prize-at-the-2013-sbs-drama-awards/|work=TenAsia|author=Cory Lee|date=January 2, 2014|access-date=June 20, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328082148/http://www.tenasia.com/lee-bo-young-grabs-1st-top-prize-at-the-2013-sbs-drama-awards/}}</ref>
|-
| Best Couple Award {{small|with [[Kang So-ra]]}}
| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| 14th Asia Model Awards
| Korean Model Star
| ''{{NA}}''
| {{won}}
|
|-
| [[2019 MBC Drama Awards|MBC Drama Awards]]
| Excellence Award, Actor in a Monday-Tuesday Miniseries
| ''[[Different Dreams]]''
| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
| rowspan="2" | 39th [[2020 MBC Drama Awards|MBC Drama Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | Excellence Award, Actor in a Wednesday-Thursday Miniseries
| ''[[The Game: Towards Zero]]''
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=[MBC 연기대상] 임주환, 男 우수 연기상 수상..."18년 만에 처음 받는 상|url=https://www.news1.kr/articles/?4166756|website=news1|language=ko|author=Lee Ji-hyun|date=December 30, 2020|access-date=December 30, 2020|archive-date=February 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220033654/https://www.news1.kr/articles/?4166756|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Spies Who Loved Me]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022
| rowspan="2" | [[2022 KBS Drama Awards|KBS Drama Awards]]
| Excellence Award, Actor in a Serial Drama
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Three Bold Siblings]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ko:윤시윤·임주환·박지영·이하나, 장편드라마 우수상 [KBS연기대상]|trans-title=Yoon Si-yoon, Lim Ju-hwan, Park Ji-young, and Lee Ha-na, Feature Award for Excellence in Drama [KBS Drama Awards]|url=https://www.news1.kr/articles/4911625|via=[[Naver]]|publisher=News1|language=ko|author=Ahn Tae-hyun|date=January 1, 2023|access-date=January 1, 2023|archive-date=January 1, 2023|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230101090128/https://www.news1.kr/articles/4911625|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Popularity Award, Actor
| {{nom}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{HanCinema person | name=Lim Ju-hwan}}
* {{kmdb person|00039460|Lim Ju-hwan}}
* {{IMDb name|3942063|Lim Ju-hwan}}
{{SBS Drama Awards for Best New Actor}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lim, Ju-hwan}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Seoul]]
[[Category:Daejin University alumni]]
[[Category:South Korean male film actors]]
[[Category:South Korean male stage actors]]
[[Category:South Korean male television actors]]

Lee Dong-youb

2025-06-24T19:06:55Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|South Korean painter}}{{family name hatnote|[[Lee (Korean name)|Lee]]||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=%이동엽
|hanja=李東熀
}}
'''Lee Dong-youb''' ({{Korean|hangul=이동엽}}; born 1946) is a [[contemporary art]] [[Painting|painter]] in [[South Korea]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Contemporary Korean artists you need to know - Reader's Digest |url=https://www.readersdigest.co.uk/culture/art-theatre/7-contemporary-korean-artists-you-need-to-know |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=www.readersdigest.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lee Dong-youb |url=https://www.degruyter.com/database/AKL/entry/_71eb6209-6395-41b0-beb5-bb15758d4bd7/html |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=De Gruyter |language=en}}</ref> As one of artists leading Korean Abstract Painting, he has developed his own philosophy about what contemporary art can propose after Post-modernism. The main subjects of his work are mutual relationship, cycling resonance and dynamic condition between original being and the environment.

==Life==
Born in 1946, Lee Dong Youb graduated from [[Hongik University|Hong-Ik University]] and the graduate school. He got married with Lee Hye-Ran, the founder of [[Seoul Gallery]] where he held the first solo exhibition, in 1977. He has had solo exhibitions more than ten times such as in Seoul and Tokyo. He has participated in many group exhibitions in Japan, Seoul, New York, and Paris including the first `Independent' exhibition which sponsored by Korean Fine Arts Association. He lives in [[Seoul]] with his family.

==Awards==
* 1980 Grand Prize at the 7th Korean Fine Art Grand Prize Exhibition, Hankuk Ilbo, Seoul
* 1978 Special Selection at the 1st Grand Exhibition, Joongang Ilbo, Seoul
* 1978 Excellent Frontier Prize at the 5th Grand Exhibition of Korean Fine Arts, Hankuk Ilbo, Seoul
* 1974 Prize at the 6th Cagness International Painting Festival, Cagness, France
* 1972 Grand Prize at the 1st Independents, Korean Fine Arts Association, Seoul

==See also==
* [[Ontology]]
* [[Eternal return|cycle]]
* [[Shunyata|Void]]
* [[White space (visual arts)|White space]]
* [[Zen]]
* [[Taoism]]
* [[Minimalism]]
* [[Monochrome painting]]
* [[Abstract expressionism]]
* [[Monoha]]
* [[Lee U-Fan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* Official website, [http://interwhite.net ''InterWhite'']
* ARKO(The Arts Council Korea)'s 500 Artists: [http://da-arts.knaa.or.kr/blog/eng/leedongyoub.do Lee Dong Youb]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Dong-youb}}
[[Category:South Korean contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

Yi Hong

2025-06-24T19:06:19Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|South Korean model and entertainer (b. 1974)}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Lee (Korean name)|Yi]]||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Yi Hong
| suc-type =
| spouse = Han Yŏng-kwang (2000–2002)
| issue = A daughter
| royal house = [[House of Yi]]
| posthumous name =
| father = [[Yi Seok]]
| mother = Donkgo Jeonghui
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1974}}
| birth_place = [[Seoul]], South Korea
|}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=%이홍
|hanja=李洪
}}
'''Yi Hong''' (born 1974 in Seoul) is a South Korean model and entertainer. She is descendant of [[Joseon]] royalty; she is the eldest daughter of [[Yi Seok]] by his second wife, Donkgo Jeonghui, and a great-granddaughter of Emperor [[Gojong of Korea]].

==Biography==
Yi Hong was born in [[Chigung]] palace in the neighborhood of [[Gujeong-dong]] located next to [[Gyeongbokgung]] palace, [[Seoul]], the main palace of the [[Joseon dynasty]].<ref name="Hankook Ilbo 2007-03-01">{{cite news|url=http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/it_tech/200703/h2007030113351023630.htm |script-title=ko:이 사람이 바로 전설의 무인 '곽원갑'|trans-title=This is the legendary martial artist, "Gwak Won-gap" |newspaper=[[Hankook Ilbo]] |language=Korean |date=2007-03-01}}</ref> Her father, Yi Seok is the eleventh son of [[Prince Imperial Ui]], the 5th son of [[Emperor Gojong of Korea]]. He was a well known singer in the 1960s while in his twenties, having several hit songs including ''"Bidulgi jip'' (Dove's house). Yi Seok is currently lecturing at [[Jeonju University]] and several universities.<ref name="Chosun Ilbo">{{cite news|url=http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/it_tech/200703/h2007030113351023630.htm |script-title=ko:(사람들) 연예인이 된 고종의 증손녀 이홍씨|trans-title=(People) Yi Hong, a great-granddaughter of Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire becomes an entertainer |newspaper=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |language=Korean |date=2006-08-19 |author=Seo, Il-ho (서일호)}}</ref> Her parents divorced when she was at the age of three in [[East Asian age reckoning|Korean age]], so Yi was raised by her maternal grandmother. Since 1979, she had lived in the United States for 10 years. Yi did not know that she was a descendant of the [[House of Yi|Korean imperial family]] until she was at the first year of her middle school. She first met her father at her senior year of her high school 6 months before she took the university entrance exam. In an interview with a weekly magazine, she confessed that she felt glad to meet her father, and at the same time, she was in confusion.<ref name="Hankook Ilbo 2007-03-01" />

After graduation from the [[Industrial design]] department at [[Hansung University]], she worked as an [[interior designer]] for a short period. Yi then studied business in Japan. Although she appeared in several films as a small roles, Yi officially started her career as an entertainer by starring in a [[KTF]] commercial. She also appeared in a [[Samsung]] [[Anicall]] commercial, and singer [[Jo Gwan-u]]'s music video. In an interview with [[Hankook Ilbo]] in 2007, Yi Hong wished to restore the dignity of the empire.<ref name="Hankook Ilbo 2007-03-01" />

In 2000, she married [[Han Yeong-gwang]] (한영광), an [[actor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.donga.com/docs/magazine/woman_donga/200005/wd2000050300.html |script-title=ko:궁중에서 전통 공주가례식 추진중인 고종의 증손녀 이홍 영화배우 한영광 커플|trans-title=Yi Hong, a great-granddaughter of Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire is preparing the traditional wedding ceremony for princes with actor, Han Yeong-gwang |newspaper=[[Dong-a Ilbo|Women Dong-a]] |language=Korean |date=May 2000 |author=Kim, Seon-jung (김선중)}}</ref> They have one child, a daughter born in 2001.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Princess Yi Hong'''
|2= 2. [[Yi Seok|Prince Yi Seok]]
|3= 3. Donkgo Jeonghui
|4= 4. [[Yi Kang|Prince Yi Kang]]
|5= 5. Lady Hong Chŏng-sun
|6=
|7=
|8= 8. [[Gojong of Korea|Emperor Konyang of Korea]]
|9= 9. Lady Chang
|10=
|11=
|12=
|13=
|14=
|15=
|16= 16. [[Heungseon Daewongun|Prince Yi Ha-ŭng, Great Prince Regent of Hŭngsŏn]]
|17= 17. Grand Lady Min Yŏhŭng
|18=
|19=
|20=
|21=
|22=
|23=
|24=
|25=
|26=
|27=
|28=
|29=
|30=
|31=
}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://cafe.daum.net/epna Cafe]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050207052645/http://royalcity.or.kr/ Royal City]
* [http://people.empas.com/people/info/le/eh/leehong/ Yi Hong's profile at Empas]
* {{in lang|ja}} [http://japanese.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2006/06/20/20060620000048.html Joseon's descendant Yi Hong is an entertainer]
* {{in lang|ja}} [http://japanese.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2004/04/26/20040426000023.html Emperor Gojong's great-grand daughter enters the singing circle]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yi, Hong}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:House of Yi]]
[[Category:South Korean female models]]

{{Korea-bio-stub}}

Lee Dong-myung

2025-06-24T19:05:51Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{short description|South Korean footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{no significant coverage (sports)|date=September 2024}}
{{update|date=September 2024}}
{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lee Dong-Myung
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|10|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[South Korea]]
| height = {{height|m=1.80|precision=0}}
| currentclub =
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Striker]]
| youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 =
| years1 = 2006–2007 | clubs1 = [[Jeju United]] | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2008–2009 | clubs2 = [[Busan I'Park]] | caps2 = 10 | goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2010 | clubs3 = [[Fagiano Okayama]] | caps3 = 19 | goals3 = 2
| years4 = 2011–2012 | clubs4 = [[Oita Trinita]] | caps4 = 50 | goals4 = 2
| years5 = 2013– | clubs5 = [[Daegu FC]] | caps5 = 6 | goals5 = 0
| pcupdate = 27 November 2014
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto|hangul=%이동명|hanja=李東明}}

'''Lee Dong-myung''' ({{Korean|hangul=이동명}}; born 4 October 1987) is a [[South Korea]] [[football (soccer)|football]]er who currently plays for [[Daegu FC]] in [[K League Challenge]].

He previously played for [[Busan I'Park]], [[Jeju United]], [[Fagiano Okayama]] and [[Oita Trinita]].

Lee joined [[J2 League]] side [[Oita Trinita]] on loan until 31 January 2012.

==External links==
*{{J.League player}}
* {{K League player}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121011021318/http://guardian.touch-line.com/?CTID=63&CPID=152&TEID=8149&PLID=220864&pStr=Player Guardian's Stats Centre]

{{Daegu FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Dong-Myung}}
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:South Korean men's footballers]]
[[Category:Jeju SK FC players]]
[[Category:Busan IPark players]]
[[Category:Fagiano Okayama players]]
[[Category:Oita Trinita players]]
[[Category:Daegu FC players]]
[[Category:K League 1 players]]
[[Category:K League 2 players]]
[[Category:J2 League players]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Japan]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Japan]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean sportsmen]]

{{SouthKorea-footy-forward-stub}}

Lee Kang-min (footballer)

2025-06-24T19:03:45Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|South Korean football player}}
{{Family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lee Kang-Min
| fullname =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|8|29}}
| birth_place = [[South Korea]]
| height = {{height|m=1.77|precision=0}}
| currentclub = [[Busan Transportation Corporation FC|Busan Transportation Corporation]]
| clubnumber = 22
| position = [[Midfielder (football)|Midfielder]]
| youthyears1 = 2004–2006
| youthclubs1 = [[Kyung Hee University]]
| years1 = 2007–2008
| years2 = 2009
| years3 = 2012
| years4 = 2013–
| clubs1 = [[Gangneung City FC|Gangneung City]]
| clubs2 = [[Gangwon FC]]
| clubs3 = [[Chuncheon FC]]
| clubs4 = [[Busan Transportation Corporation FC|Busan Transportation Corporation]]
| caps1 = 35 | goals1 = 6
| caps2 = 6 | goals2 = 0
| caps3 = ? | goals3 = ?
| caps4 = 0 | goals4 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 =
| pcupdate = August 2, 2009
| ntupdate =
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
| title = [[Korean name]]
| hangul = %이강민
| hanja = 李康敏
}}

'''Lee Kang-min''' (born August 29, 1985) is a South Korean [[football (soccer)|football]] player.

In 2007, he joined [[Korea National League]] side [[Gangneung City FC]].<ref>[http://www.n-league.net/2008/data/personal_03.html N-League personal record]</ref> In gangneung, he played 35 games and scored 6 goals.

On November 20, 2008, Gangwon was called Lee as extra order at 2009 K-League Draft.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=003&aid=0002388592& |script-title=ko:'드래프트 대만족' 최순호 강원 감독, "원하는 선수 다 뽑았다"|date=2008-11-20|accessdate=2008-03-16|publisher=[[Newsis]]|language=Korean}}</ref>

== Club career statistics ==
{{updated|2 August 2009}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=3 | Club performance
! colspan=2 | League
! colspan=2 | Cup
! colspan=2 | League Cup

! colspan=2 | Total
|-
! Season !! Club !! League
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals

! Apps !! Goals
|-
|-
! colspan=3 | South Korea
! colspan=2 | League
! colspan=2 | [[Korean FA Cup|KFA Cup]]
! colspan=2 | [[League Cup]]

! colspan=2 | Total
|-
|[[Korea National League 2007|2007]]||rowspan=2|[[Gangneung City FC|Gangneung City]]||rowspan=2|[[Korea National League|National League]]||13||3||0||0||colspan=2|-||13||3
|-
|[[Korea National League 2008|2008]]||22||3||1||0||colspan=2|-||23||3
|-
|[[K-League 2009|2009]]||rowspan=1|[[Gangwon FC]]||rowspan=1|[[K-League]]||6||0||2||0||4||0||12||0
|-
! colspan=3 | Career total
!'''41'''||'''6'''||'''3'''||'''0'''||'''4'''||'''0'''||'''48'''||'''6'''
|}

== Honours ==

===Club===
'''Chuncheon FC'''
*'''[[Challengers League]]'''
**Runners-up : [[2012 Challengers League|2012]]

=== Individual ===
*[[Korea Football Association#Awards|KFA Challengers League player of the Year]]: 2012

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{K League player}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Kang-Min}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:South Korean men's footballers]]
[[Category:Gangneung Citizen FC players]]
[[Category:Gangwon FC players]]
[[Category:Korea National League players]]
[[Category:K League 1 players]]
[[Category:K3 League players]]
[[Category:Kyung Hee University alumni]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean sportsmen]]

{{SouthKorea-footy-midfielder-stub}}

Lee Sung-yol

2025-06-24T19:02:18Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{short description|South Korean television drama director}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Lee (Korean name)|Lee]]||lang=Korean}}
{{for|the boyband singer|Lee Sung-yeol}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=%이승렬
|hangulref=<ref>[http://tv.sbs.co.kr/last/index.html Save the Last Dance for Me]</ref>
|hanja=
}}
'''Lee Sung-yol''' is a South Korean television drama director who directed hits such as ''[[Jealousy (TV series)|Jealousy]]'' ([[:ko:질투 (드라마)|질투]], 1992), ''[[Kukhee]]'' ([[:ko:국희|국희]], 1999) and ''[[Save the Last Dance for Me (TV series)|Save the Last Dance for Me]]'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.naver.com/DetailView.nhn?id=10527|title = 네이버 인물검색}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Sung-yol}}
[[Category:South Korean television directors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Seoul National University alumni]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Korea-bio-stub}}

Lee Sang-duk

2025-06-24T18:59:43Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{short description|South Korean footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lee Sang-Duk
| fullname = Lee Sang-Duk
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|11|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[South Korea]]
| height = {{height|m=1.87|precision=0}}
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Defender (football)#Centre back|Centre back]]
| youthyears1 = 2005–2008
| youthclubs1 = [[Dong-A University]]
| years1 = 2009–2011
| clubs1 = [[Daegu FC]] | caps1 = 26 | goals1 = 2 
| nationalyears1 = 2011
| nationalteam1 = [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]]
| nationalcaps1 = 0 | nationalgoals1 = 0
| pcupdate = 13 January 2011
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto|hangul=%이상덕|hanja=李相德}}
{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}}

'''Lee Sang-duk''' ({{Korean|hangul=이상덕}}; born 5 November 1986) is a South Korean [[football (soccer)|football]] [[Defender (football)#Centre back|centre back]].

==Club career==
Lee was selected by the [[Daegu FC]] in the fifth round of the 2009 K-League Draft on 20 November 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.daegufc.co.kr/html/magazine/press.asp?bmode=content&uid=1422 |title=대구FC, 2009 K리그 신인선수 드래프트 9명 지명 |publisher=daegufc.co.kr |date=2008-11-20 |language=ko }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lee made his K-League debut on 8 March 2009 in a match against [[Seongnam Ilhwa]]. He scored his first career K-league goal against [[Pohang Steelers]] in a 2–2 draw on 22 March 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2009/03/22/korea-republic/k-league/daegu-fc/pohang-steelers/751723/ |title=Daegu vs. Pohang Steelers 2 - 2 |publisher=soccerway.com }}</ref> He went on to score three goals in just seven games during the season.

It was announced in August 2011 that Lee would not be able to play in the all [[Korea Republic football league system|football league system in South Korea]] until August 2014, on a charge of being implicated in the [[2011 South Korean football betting scandal]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==International career==
Lee received his first call up to the [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]] squad for the friendly against [[Turkey national football team|Turkey]] on 10 February 2011,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://daegufc.co.kr/2010/sub/news_02.asp?bmode=content&uid=1712 |title=대구FC 이상덕 선수, 국가대표팀 발탁 |publisher=daegufc.co.kr |date=2011-01-31 |language=ko }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> but he did not play in the game.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/57278/turkey-vs-south-korea/preview |title=Turkey vs South Korea Preview |publisher=goal.com |date=2011-02-12 }}</ref>

==Club career statistics ==
''as of 25 July 2011''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=3 | Club performance
! colspan=2 | League
! colspan=2 | Cup
! colspan=2 | League Cup

! colspan=2 | Total
|-
! Season !! Club !! League
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals

! Apps !! Goals
|-
|-
! colspan=3 | South Korea
! colspan=2 | League
! colspan=2 | [[Korean FA Cup|KFA Cup]]
! colspan=2 | [[K-League Cup|League Cup]]

! colspan=2 | Total
|-
|[[K-League 2009|2009]]||rowspan="3"|[[Daegu F.C.|Daegu FC]]||rowspan="3"|[[K-League]]
||5||1||0||0||2||2||7||3
|-
|[[K-League 2010|2010]]||21||1||1||0||5||0||27||1
|-
|[[K-League 2011|2011]]||13||1||1||0||3||0||17||1
|-
! colspan=3 | Career total
!39||3||2||0||10||2||51||5
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{K League player|20090112}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Sang-Duk}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:South Korean men's footballers]]
[[Category:Daegu FC players]]
[[Category:K League 1 players]]
[[Category:Dong-a University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean sportsmen]]

{{SouthKorea-footy-defender-stub}}

Lee Hyung-sang

2025-06-24T18:59:07Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{short description|South Korean footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lio
| fullname = Lee Hyung-Sang
| image = Lee Hyung-Sang.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|5|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Pohang]], [[South Korea]]
| height = {{height|m=1.70|precision=0}}
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Midfielder]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 = 2003 | clubs1 = [[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2004–2007 | clubs2 = [[Daejeon Citizen]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2007 | clubs3 = [[S.C. Beira-Mar|Beira-Mar]] | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2008 | clubs4 = [[C.D. Feirense|Feirense]] | caps4 = 0 | goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2008 | clubs5 = [[PFC Spartak 1918|Spartak Varna]] | caps5 = 6 | goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2009 | clubs6 = [[Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma]] | caps6 = 6 | goals6 = 0
| years7 = 2009–2010 | clubs7 = [[FC Baník Ostrava|Baník Ostrava]] | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0
| years8 = 2010 | clubs8 = [[HNK Šibenik]] | caps8 = 1 | goals8 = 0
| years9 = 2011 | clubs9 = [[Daegu FC]] | caps9 = 7 | goals9 = 0
| years10 = 2012 | clubs10= [[Gangneung City FC|Gangneung City]] | caps10 = 0 | goals10 = 0
| years11 = 2012 | clubs11= [[Gimhae City FC|Gimhae City]] | caps11 = 10 | goals11 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 =
| pcupdate = 12 July 2013
| ntupdate =
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto|hangul=%이형상|hanja=李形象}}

{{family name hatnote|[[Lee (Korean name)|Lee]]||lang=Korean}}

'''Lee Hyung-Sang''' or simply '''Lio''' ({{Korean|hangul=이형상}}; born 6 May 1985) is a South Korean [[soccer|football]] player.

Lee Hyung-Sang is an attacking midfielder, the winger type. His main advantages are his exceptional speed and maneuverability. He has good dribble and precise passing.

==Career==
Lio start his professional career in [[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]], after which he plays for the elite [[Daejeon Citizen]] for four years. He played only 1 games in league cup. In 2007, he left for [[Europe]] and signed a contract with the Portuguese club [[S.C. Beira-Mar]]. After six months there, Lio was sold to [[C.D. Feirense]]. While there, the scouts of the Bulgarian [[PFC Spartak 1918|Spartak Varna]] liked him and during the summer of 2008 he went to [[Bulgaria]]. In Spartak the Korean football player quickly becomes the favorite of the fans. Unfortunately, in the last friendly match of Spartak before the beginning of the [[A PFG|Bulgarian championship]] Lio broke his arm and because of the fracture he did not play for about a month. In 2009, he returned to [[K-League]] by signing a contract with [[Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma]].

In 2009, he signed a 3-year contract with [[Baník Ostrava]] making himself the first non-European player to ever play for the club. His first appearance for Baník Ostrava came on 8 August 2009, during a 1–0 win over [[Viktoria Plzeň]] by substitute on 90 minute.

On 4 January 2011, Lee joined [[Daegu FC]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://daegufc.co.kr/2010/sub/news_02.asp?bmode=content&uid=1702 |title=대구FC, 김귀화 코치 및 선수 6명 영입 |publisher=daegufc.co.kr |date=2011-01-04 |access-date=2011-02-16 |language=Korean }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He made his Daegu FC debut in a 0–2 [[2011 K-League Cup|League Cup]] loss over [[Gyeongnam FC]] on 16 March 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://kleague.com/matchcenter/popup_matchReport.aspx?iMeet_Year=2011&iMeet_Seq=2&iGame_Id=2 |title=Daegu vs. Gyeongnam 0 - 2 |work=K-League |access-date=2011-03-16 |language=Korean |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713161952/http://www.kleague.com/matchcenter/popup_matchReport.aspx?iMeet_Year=2011&iMeet_Seq=2&igame_id=2 |archive-date=2011-07-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{K League player}}
* [http://www.lpfp.pt/liga_vitalis/pages/pessoa.aspx?epoca=20072008&clube=feirense&jogador=2484 Lee's profile at lpfp.pt] {{in lang|pt}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Hyung-Sang}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Pohang]]
[[Category:South Korean men's footballers]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Ulsan HD FC players]]
[[Category:Daejeon Hana Citizen players]]
[[Category:S.C. Beira-Mar players]]
[[Category:C.D. Feirense players]]
[[Category:FC Spartak Varna players]]
[[Category:Seongnam FC players]]
[[Category:FC Baník Ostrava players]]
[[Category:HNK Šibenik players]]
[[Category:Daegu FC players]]
[[Category:Gangneung Citizen FC players]]
[[Category:K League 1 players]]
[[Category:Czech First League players]]
[[Category:First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players]]
[[Category:Korea National League players]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Portugal]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Croatia]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean sportsmen]]

Lee Dong-ha

2025-06-24T18:55:32Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|South Korean novelist (born 1942)}}
{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}}
{{Distinguish|text = South Korean wheelchair curler [[Lee Dong-ha (curler)]]}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Lee Dong-ha
| image = LeeDongHaWiki.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|12|1}}
| birth_place =
| birth_name =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = [[Novelist]]
| nationality =
| ethnicity =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| language =
| spouse =
| partner =
| relatives =
| children =
| influences =
| influenced =
| website =
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|title = [[Korean name]]
|hangul = %이동하
|hanja = 李東河
}}
'''Lee Dong-ha''' (born December 1, 1942) is a South Korean novelist.<ref>"이동하" biographical PDF available at LTI Korea Library or online at: http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do# {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055413/http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do |date=2013-09-21 }}</ref>

==Life==
Lee Dong-Ha was born in [[Osaka]], Japan<ref name="Shrapnel">Biography from ''Shrapnel and other Stories''</ref> and moved to Korea with his family after Korea's liberation from the Japanese. There, he grew up in [[Gyeongsan]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]].<ref>Korean Literature Translation Institute: http://www.klti.or.kr/AuthorApp?mode=6010&aiNum=12334{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He graduated from the Creative Writing Department at the {{ill|Seorabeol College of Arts|ko|서라벌예술대학}} and received a graduate degree in Korean Literature from [[Konkuk University]] in 1967.<ref>Amazon Author's Blurb [https://www.amazon.com/Toy-City-Dong-ha-Lee/dp/1597432016]</ref> He later served as a professor at [[Chung-Ang University]].<ref>Toy City, p 13</ref>

==Work==
His writing career began in 1966 when he won an award from a Seoul Newspaper.<ref name="Shrapnel"/> Some of the works he has authored include ''Toy City'', a [[Autobiographical novel#Semi-autobiographical novel|semi-autobiographical novel]] in three parts, and ''Shrapnel'', a collection of [[Short story|short stories]] about post-war South Korea. He has won several awards including the {{ill|Korean Fiction Award|ko|한국소설문학상}} (1977), Korean Creative Writing Award (1981), Korean Writers' Award (1983) and the [[Contemporary Literature (Hyundae Munhak) Award]] (1986). He was the first recipient of the {{ill|O Yeong-su Literature Award|ko|오영수문학상}} in 1993.<ref>Toy City, p 13</ref>

His works focus on the damage done to a nation that has endured the trauma of internecine strife and division by forces that were outside of its control. Even when economic success comes, it cannot overcome that trauma and the inevitable dissolution of thousands of years of tradition.<ref name="Shrapnel"/>

== Works in Translation ==
* [https://www.amazon.com/Toy-City-Dong-ha-Lee/dp/1597432016 A Toy City]
* [http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=16-1893996530-0 Shrapnel And Other Stories]

== Works in Korean ==
{{div col}}
* Composition 1", “White Landscape” (Hayan punggyeong)
* Calculations" (Gyesanhagi)
* “A Portrait of Today” (Oneurui chosang)
* “How to Climb Over the Alps” (Alpeuseureul neomneun beop)
* “Vacation and a Bonus” (Hyugawa bouneoseu)
* "A Summer Day” (Hail)
* “A Stone” (Dol)
* “Snow” (Nun)
* “Bird” (Sae).

'''Anthologies'''
* Toy City (Jangnangam dosi, 1982)
* Valley at Dark (Jeomun goljjagi, 1986),
* A Bright Warm Day (Balggo ttatteutan nal, 1987)
* A Study of Violence (Pongnyeok yeongu, 1987)
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Dong-Ha}}
[[Category:South Korean novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Chung-Ang University]]

Lee Ji-nam

2025-06-24T18:54:37Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|South Korean footballer (born 1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lee Ji-nam
| fullname = Lee Ji-nam
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|11|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jeonju]], [[Jeollabuk-do]], [[South Korea]]
| height = {{height|m=1.83|precision=0}}
| currentclub = [[Jeonnam Dragons]]
| clubnumber = 17
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre back|Centre back]], [[Midfielder (association football)#Defensive midfielder|Defensive midfielder]]
| youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 =
| years1 = 2002–2007 |clubs1 = [[FC Seoul|Anyang LG Cheetahs / FC Seoul]] |caps1 = 0 |goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2006–2007 |clubs2 = → [[Korean Police FC|Police FC]] |caps2 = ? |goals2 = ?
| years3 = 2008–2010 |clubs3 = [[Gyeongnam FC]] |caps3 = 32 |goals3 = 2
| years4 = 2011–2013 |clubs4 = [[Daegu FC]] |caps4 = 86 |goals4 = 7
| years5 = 2014 |clubs5 = [[Henan Jianye]] |caps5 = 22 |goals5 = 1
| years6 = 2015– |clubs6 = [[Jeonnam Dragons]] |caps6 = 103 |goals6 = 1
| nationalyears1 = 2014–
| nationalteam1 = [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]]
| nationalcaps1 = 0 | nationalgoals1 = 0
| pcupdate = 26 November 2019
| ntupdate = 4 January 2015
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto|hangul=%이지남|hanja=李指南}}

'''Lee Ji-nam''' ({{Korean|hangul=이지남}}; born 21 November 1984) is a South Korean [[football (soccer)|football]] player who plays for [[Jeonnam Dragons]].

== Club career ==

===FC Seoul===
He appeared in 4 matches only at [[Korean League Cup|League Cup]] in 2004. He played for [[Korean Police FC|Police FC]] while on military service.

===Daegu FC===
On 4 January 2011, Lee signed for [[Daegu FC]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.daegufc.co.kr/board/content.html?tb=board_2&num=1702&category=&tap=&page=1 |title=대구FC, 김귀화 코치 및 선수 6명 영입 |publisher=Daegu FC |date=2011-01-04 |access-date=2011-03-08 |language=Korean |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722133351/http://www.daegufc.co.kr/board/content.html?tb=board_2&num=1702&category=&tap=&page=1 |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> Lee made his debut for [[Daegu FC]] on 5 March 2011, playing the full 90 minutes in Daegu's opening game of the [[2011 K-League]] season loss 2–3 against [[Gwangju FC]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/03/05/korea-republic/k-league/gwangju-fc/daegu-fc/1080298/ |title=Gwangju vs. Daegu 3 - 2 |work=Soccerway |access-date=2011-03-08}}</ref> He scored his [[Daegu FC]] first goal against [[Incheon United]] on 20 March 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/03/20/korea-republic/k-league/incheon-united-fc/daegu-fc/1084142/ |title=Incheon United vs. Daegu 1 - 1 |publisher=Soccerway |access-date=2011-03-23}}</ref> In his next game, Lee scored his second Daegu goal in a 1–0 win against [[Chunnam Dragons]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/04/02/korea-republic/k-league/daegu-fc/chunnam-dragons/1084151/ |title=Daegu VS. Chunnam Dragons 1 - 0 |publisher=Soccerway |date=2011-04-02 |access-date=2011-04-02}}</ref>

===Henan Jianye===
On 6 February 2014, Lee transferred to [[Henan Jianye]].<ref>[http://sports.163.com/14/0206/17/9KDU05PD00051C89.html 建业宣布签韩国中卫李志南] at sports.163.com 2014-02-06 Retrieved 2014-02-07{{in lang|zh}}</ref>

===Jeonman Dragons===
On 4 January 2015, Lee transferred to [[Jeonnam Dragons]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{K League player}}
*{{Soccerway|ji-nam-lee/26990}}

{{Jeonnam Dragons squad}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Ji-Nam}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:South Korean men's footballers]]
[[Category:FC Seoul players]]
[[Category:Gyeongnam FC players]]
[[Category:Daegu FC players]]
[[Category:Jeonnam Dragons players]]
[[Category:K League 1 players]]
[[Category:K League 2 players]]
[[Category:Chinese Super League players]]
[[Category:Henan F.C. players]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in China]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in China]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Jeonju]]
[[Category:Footballers from North Jeolla Province]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean sportsmen]]

{{SouthKorea-footy-defender-stub}}

Lee Jin-ho

2025-06-24T18:53:37Z

172.56.232.254: converting Infobox Korean name to newer semi-automatic romanization version

{{Short description|South Korean footballer (born 1984)}}
{{about||the South Korean tennis player|Lee Jin-ho (tennis)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{no significant coverage (sports)|date=September 2024}}
{{one source|date=September 2024}}
{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lee Jin-Ho
| fullname =
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|9|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ulsan]], South Korea
| height = {{height|m=1.84|precision=0}}
| currentclub = [[Air Force Central F.C.|Air Force Central]]
| clubnumber = 8
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| youthyears1 = 2000
| youthclubs1 = [[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube|Cruzeiro]]
| youthyears2 = 2000–2002
| youthclubs2 = Haksung High School
| years1 = 2003–2011 |clubs1 = [[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]] | caps1 = 95 | goals1 = 22
| years2 = 2006–2007 |clubs2 =→ [[Sangju Sangmu Phoenix|Gwangju Sangmu]] (Military service) | caps2 = 29 | goals2 = 4
| years3 = 2010 |clubs3 =→ [[Pohang Steelers]] (loan) | caps3 = 12 | goals3 = 4
| years4 = 2012–2013 |clubs4 = [[Daegu FC]] | caps4 = 49 | goals4 = 9
| years5 = 2013 |clubs5 =→ [[Jeju United FC|Jeju United]] (loan) | caps5 = 17 | goals5 = 3
| years6 = 2014 |clubs6 =[[Gwangju FC]] | caps6 = 2 | goals6 = 0
| years7 = 2014–2018 |clubs7 =[[Air Force Central F.C.|Air Force Central]] | caps7 = 15 | goals7 = 1
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| pcupdate = July 21, 2014
| ntupdate = July 21, 2014
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto|hangul=%이진호|hanja=李珍浩}}

'''Lee Jin-Ho''' ({{Korean|hangul=이진호}}; born 3 September 1984) is a former South Korean [[football (soccer)|football]] player.

==Club career statistics==
{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=3 | Club performance
! colspan=2 | League
! colspan=2 | Cup
! colspan=2 | League Cup
! colspan=2 | Continental
! colspan=2 | Total
|-
! Season !! Club !! League
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals
! Apps !! Goals
|-
|-
! colspan=3 | South Korea
! colspan=2 | League
! colspan=2 | [[Korean FA Cup|KFA Cup]]
! colspan=2 | [[K-League Cup|League Cup]]
! colspan=2 | [[Asian Football Confederation|Asia]]
! colspan=2 | Total
|-
|[[K-League 2003|2003]]||rowspan="3"|[[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]]||rowspan="11"|[[K-League]]||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|[[K-League 2004|2004]]||3||0||4||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-
|[[K-League 2005|2005]]||19||5||2||2||6||0||colspan="2"|-||27||7
|-
|[[K-League 2006|2006]]||rowspan="2"|[[Sangju Sangmu Phoenix|Gwangju Sangmu]]||9||2||1||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||12||3
|-
|[[K-League 2007|2007]]||20||2||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||24||2
|-
|[[K-League 2008|2008]]||rowspan="3"|[[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]]||26||7||3||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||37||7
|-
|[[K-League 2009|2009]]||19||5||0||0||4||1||1||1||24||6
|-
|[[2010 K-League|2010]]||7||2||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||10||2
|-
|[[2010 K-League|2010]]||[[Pohang Steelers]]||12||4||1||0||0||0||1||0||14||4
|-
|[[2011 K-League|2011]]||[[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]]||20||3||4||0||6||2||colspan="2"|-||30||5
|-
|[[2012 K-League|2012]]||rowspan="2"|[[Daegu FC]]||39||9||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||10
|-
|[[2013 K-League|2013]]||rowspan="1"|[[K League Classic]]||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
! colspan=3 | Career total
!185||39||17||6||33||3||2||1||237||44
|}

==Honours==

===Club===
'''Ulsan Hyundai'''
*[[K-League]]: [[2005 K-League|2005]]

==References==
*{{K League player}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Jin-Ho}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Ulsan]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:South Korean men's footballers]]
[[Category:Ulsan HD FC players]]
[[Category:Pohang Steelers players]]
[[Category:Gimcheon Sangmu FC players]]
[[Category:Daegu FC players]]
[[Category:Jeju SK FC players]]
[[Category:Gwangju FC players]]
[[Category:Air Force United F.C. players|Lee Jin-ho]]
[[Category:Korea National League players]]
[[Category:K League 1 players]]
[[Category:K League 2 players]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Thailand]]
[[Category:21st-century South Korean sportsmen]]

{{SouthKorea-footy-forward-stub}}