wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Shahabad, Hardoi

2024-12-31T06:05:57Z

171.76.2.194:

{{For|other places with similar names|Shahabad (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shahabad
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City

| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Shahabad block map (Hardoi).png
| map_caption = Map of Shahabad CD block in Hardoi (UP)
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| popular name =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.65|N|79.94|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of states and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lucknow division|Lucknow]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Council]]
| governing_body = Shahabad Municipal Council
| leader_title = Municipal Chairperson
| leader_name = Nasreen Bano ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sec.up.nic.in/site/NewWinnerList2023.aspx|title=2023 UP Municipal Election results|work=ECI Uttar Pradesh|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/hardoi/news/counting-in-hardoi-131275155.html|title=SP's Nasreen Bano wins from Shahabad Hardoi|work=Dainik Bhaskar|accessdate=23 May 2023}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]]
| leader_name1 = [[Jai Prakash]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = [[Rajani Tiwari|Rajni Tiwari]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 133
| population_total = 1,05,000
| population_male =
| population_female =
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|accessdate=24 June 2019|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 241124
| registration_plate = UP-30
| website = [http://www.hardoi.nic.in www.hardoi.nic.in]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shahabad''' is a [[city]] nearby [[Hardoi|Hardoi city]] and a [[municipal board]] in [[Hardoi district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. At one point of time, it was counted among the few biggest cities of [[Oudh]], but declined rapidly in the later years and reduced to a town. It is the site of the tomb of [[Diler Khan]], a governor in the time of [[Shah Jahan]] and [[Aurangzeb]].

As of 2011, the population of Shahabad is 80,226, in 13,958 households.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Hardoi, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=69–98, 578–81, 589|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0924_PART_A_DCHB_HARDOI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> It is the seat of a [[tehsil]] and a [[community development block]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> Important local industries include [[carpet]] weaving, building materials, and [[dairy products]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

== History==
{{more citations needed section|date=June 2019}}
According to a tradition recorded by [[Joseph Tiefenthaler]] in the 1700s, Shahabad occupied the site of a former village called Angadpur, after its founder Angad, the nephew of [[Rama]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Hardoi - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=266–74 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48076 |access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> Modern Shahabad was founded in 1677 by one Nawab Diler Khan, a [[Pathan]] officer in the Mughal army, who had been sent to quell an uprising in [[Shahjahanpur]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> He overthrew the Pande Parwars of [[Angni Khera]] (which, according to [[H.R. Nevill]], is probably the correct form of Tiefenthaler's "Angadpur") and was in turn granted their territory as a [[jagir]], upon which he then founded Shahabad.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Diler Khan populated the new city of Shahabad with fellow Pathan kinsmen and soldiers, and many of the neighbourhoods of the city today bear the names of his followers.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> He built a brick palace at the centre of town, called the ''Bari Deorhi'', which Tiefenthaler described upon his visit in 1770 as being "strengthened by towers like a fortress, with a [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]] and a covered [[colonnade]]."<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The palace no longer exists, although the two grand gateways are still standing.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Diler Khan also built the city's [[Jama Masjid]] as well as his own mausoleum.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Both of them are built out of dressed [[kankar]] blocks.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The mausoleum's upper story contains bands of florid decoration in red stone, a style common to architecture of that period which can also be seen in the complex surrounding the [[Taj Mahal]] in [[Agra]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> He also built a grand pond near the mausoleum, known as ''Narbada''.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Shahabad declined rapidly during the late 1700s, as Mughal power waned and was replaced in this region by the [[Nawabs of Awadh]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Already by 1799, [[William Tennant (traveller to India)|William Tennant]] described it as being in ruins.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In 1824, [[Reginald Heber]], Bishop of Calcutta, traveled to Shahabad and described it as a "considerable town or almost city with the remains of fortifications and many large houses."<ref>Nevill, H.R. ed., Hardoi - A Gazetteer, 1904, Govt. Press United Provinces, pp. 266-274</ref>

The descendants of Nawab Diler Khan Daudzai also moved to a nearby area which under the zamindari and named this place as Wazirabad which is now known as village HARRAI, comes under Tehsil Shahbad, District Hardoi.

== Geography ==
Shahabad is located at {{Coord|27.65|N|79.95|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Shadab.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - shadab]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It has an average elevation of 143 [[metre]]s (469 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Shahabad had a total population of 80,226, of which 42,635 were males and 37,591 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 11,102. The total number of literates in Shahabad was 44,078, which constituted 54.9% of the population with male literacy of 60.6% and female literacy of 48.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Shahabad was 63.8%, of which male literacy rate was 70.3% and female literacy rate was 56.3%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 6,558 and 9 respectively. Shahabad had 13958 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Shahabad |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=160968 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |accessdate=27 November 2019}}</ref>

== Villages ==
Shahabad CD block has the following 170 villages:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Fatteypur Viran]] || 40.4 || 0
|-
| [[Akhtiyarpur, Hardoi|Akhtiyarpur]] || 42.4 || 0
|-
| [[Harrai, Hardoi|Harrai]] || 303.5 || 2,997
|-
| [[Ghurha]] || 94.1 || 1,009
|-
| [[Agapur, Hardoi|Agapur]] || 161.3 || 1,557
|-
| [[Sardar Nagar, Hardoi|Sardar]] || 153.2 || 657
|-
| [[Jatpura, Shahabad, Hardoi|Jatpura]] || 125.2 || 1,000
|-
| [[Gauriya]] || 147.7 || 683
|-
| [[Hasnapur]] || 199.2 || 1,438
|-
| [[Baripur, Hardoi|Baripur]] || 172.4 || 1,016
|-
| [[Kachoora]] || 104.8 || 813
|-
| [[Aigawan]] || 215.2 || 3,133
|-
| [[Nabipur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Nabipur]] || 75.7 || 1,345
|-
| [[Nagla Bhag]] || 69.7 || 482
|-
| [[Garheypur]] || 214 || 1,379
|-
| Naseerpur || 112.2 || 299
|-
| [[Udhranpur]] || 629.7 || 5,021
|-
| [[Behta Kola]] || 104.1 || 516
|-
| [[Purwa Pipariya]] || 139.8 || 1,854
|-
| [[Piparia Purwa Pansala]] || 48.9 || 0
|-
| [[Parial, Hardoi|Parial]] || 163.5 || 1,461
|-
| [[Pariyal Pansala]] || 132.9 || 0
|-
| [[Puranpur, Hardoi|Puranpur]] || 93.8 || 0
|-
| [[Kalayara Pansala]] || 63.2 || 0
|-
| [[Kala Gara]] || 168.1 || 1,990
|-
| [[Umariya Dhani Pansala]] || 28.2 || 0
|-
| [[Umariya Dhani]] || 41.2 || 488
|-
| [[Firoozpur Khurd]] || 140.2 || 1,177
|-
| [[Hiroli Kutub Nagar]] || 255.2 || 1,857
|-
| [[Chiraiyan]] || 127.4 || 0
|-
| [[Khulkipur]] || 35.9 || 126
|-
| [[Chak Pihani]] || 85.9 || 0
|-
| [[Jogipur]] || 143 || 1
|-
| [[Birauri]] || 273.7 || 1,491
|-
| [[Birauri Pansala]] || 69.1 || 538
|-
| [[Narhai]] || 325.8 || 2,462
|-
| [[Jhothupur]] || 246 || 2,626
|-
| [[Jhuthupur Pansala]] || 137.6 || 0
|-
| [[Newada]] || 37.4 || 776
|-
| [[Basat Nagar Pansala]] || 620 || 0
|-
| [[Basat Nagar]] || 358 || 3,679
|-
| [[Bhadasi]] || 168.6 || 1,629
|-
| [[Baburhai]] || 119.8 || 563
|-
| [[Manikapur Bamiyari]] || 260.6 || 1,231
|-
| [[Bhoora]] || 177 || 609
|-
| [[Naya Gaon]] || 106.4 || 597
|-
| [[Shahabad Dehat]] || 1485.7 || 2,280
|-
| [[Karmullapur]] || 92.8 || 0
|-
| [[Mishripur]] || 113.2 || 857
|-
| [[Nagla Ganesh]] || 266 || 1,494
|-
| [[Daulatpur Gangadas]] || 72 || 865
|-
| [[Sikandarpur Kallu]] || 331 || 2,630
|-
| [[Naurozpur]] || 238.6 || 611
|-
| [[Kakrahai]] || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Dayapur Bikku]] || 198.6 || 1,958
|-
| [[Nagla Kallu]] || 284.7 || 1,100
|-
| [[Mithnapur]] || 92.3 || 1,426
|-
| [[Hathelia]] || 74.6 || 0
|-
| [[Sharma, Hardoi|Sharma]] || 362.9 || 2,822
|-
| [[Fattepur Sheogulam]] || 63.3 || 539
|-
| [[Jharsa Kesari]] || 93.1 || 527
|-
| [[Pasigavan]] || 125.9 || 1,070
|-
| [[Miyanpur]] || 150.4 || 1,153
|-
| [[Husainapur Dhaukal]] || 146.1 || 638
|-
| [[Saadat Nagar]] || 261.4 || 2,871
|-
| [[Mainpur, Hardoi|Mainpur]] || 68.4 || 0
|-
| [[Behra Rasoolpur]] || 147.3 || 1,336
|-
| [[Paneora Ballia]] || 402.6 || 2,073
|-
| [[Asgarpur]] || 143.7 || 1,175
|-
| [[Sharah, Hardoi|Sharah]] || 246.2 || 628
|-
| [[Garhichand Khan]] || 40.7 || 1,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Gannu]] || 186 || 582
|-
| [[Kakar Ghata]] || 141.8 || 2,323
|-
| [[Bilhari]] || 196.1 || 1,272
|-
| [[Mangali Ganj]] || 67.2 || 0
|-
| [[Nagla Lothu]] || 284.2 || 2,144
|-
| [[Rampur Hirdai]] || 129.3 || 1,494
|-
| [[Mangiawan]] || 432.3 || 2,599
|-
| [[Hunseypur Lukman]] || 263.7 || 1,906
|-
| [[Khwagjipur]] || 122.3 || 638
|-
| [[Kodra Saraiya]] || 306.3 || 2,106
|-
| [[Sahora]] || 182.3 || 1,284
|-
| [[Lalpur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Lalpur]] || 154.8 || 1,040
|-
| [[Manglipur]] || 214.4 || 1,487
|-
| [[Tader]] || 315.9 || 2,088
|-
| Kuiyan || 122.2 || 822
|-
| [[Ghurhai]] || 110.9 || 352
|-
| [[Agampur]] || 550.8 || 2,660
|-
| [[Perhatha]] || 276.2 || 1,284
|-
| [[Daulatiapur]] || 191.4 || 1,220
|-
| [[Firoozpur Kalan]] || 108 || 580
|-
| [[Kauharia]] || 103 || 435
|-
| [[Sarai Kamaluddinpur]] || 145.3 || 999
|-
| [[Kilkili]] || 111.1 || 1,185
|-
| [[Pherwa]] || 192.4 || 478
|-
| [[Hardaspur, Hardoi|Hardaspur]] || 159.7 || 649
|-
| [[Bari, Shahabad, Hardoi|Bari]] || 118.8 || 743
|-
| [[Hajipur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Hajipur]] || 57.7 || 323
|-
| [[Ganuapur]] || 193.8 || 432
|-
| [[Singulapur]] || 41.7 || 707
|-
| [[Singulapur Pansala]] || 58.5 || 150
|-
| [[Rahi, Hardoi|Rahi]] || 150 || 277
|-
| [[Surapur, Hardoi|Surapur]] || 109.8 || 755
|-
| [[Surajpur Pansala]] || 24.1 || 0
|-
| [[Gauhania]] || 159.1 || 846
|-
| [[Gahora, Hardoi|Gahora]] || 378.1 || 2,645
|-
| [[Gujidei]] || 125.3 || 1,491
|-
| [[Gujidai Pansala]] || 11.6 || 0
|-
| [[Damgarha]] || 85.6 || 117
|-
| [[Pareli]] || 542 || 2,842
|-
| [[Piprola]] || 180.8 || 399
|-
| [[Paharpur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Paharpur]] || 68.4 || 572
|-
| [[Feerojpur Pansala]] || 26.3 || 424
|-
| [[Atarjee Sisala]] || 190.6 || 2,726
|-
| [[Atarjee Panchsala]] || 376.2 || 0
|-
| [[Gopalpur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Gopalpur]] || 112.9 || 1,155
|-
| [[Gutka Mau Pansala]] || 171.5 || 0
|-
| [[Gutka Mau]] || 102.1 || 1,586
|-
| [[Khempur, Hardoi|Khempur]] || 141.6 || 561
|-
| [[Narsiya Mau]] || 474.4 || 1,499
|-
| [[Sikandarpur Narkatra]] || 638.7 || 3,074
|-
| [[Abdullapur, Hardoi|Abdullapur]] || 131.6 || 1,173
|-
| [[Sidhauli, Hardoi|Sidhauli]] || 261.9 || 1,194
|-
| [[Jasmai Kharona]] || 685.2 || 1,666
|-
| [[Chandu Pur Khairai]] || 642.1 || 2,666
|-
| [[Dariyapur Balbhadra]] || 170.8 || 1,074
|-
| [[Jamalpur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Jamalpur]] || 155.8 || 695
|-
| [[Rasoolpur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Rasoolpur]] || 133.7 || 599
|-
| [[Kachheliya]] || 204 || 3,074
|-
| [[Kewalpur]] || 133.3 || 847
|-
| [[Kachhelia Pansala]] || 68.8 || 0
|-
| [[Khanupur]] || 327.2 || 3,124
|-
| [[Baijoopur]] || 100.2 || 1,234
|-
| [[Ali Hajipur]] || 82.7 || 761
|-
| [[Shanarpur Pansala]] || 34.4 || 0
|-
| [[Shankarpur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Shankarpur]] || 259.2 || 983
|-
| [[Mahamdapur]] || 190.6 || 342
|-
| [[Palthua]] || 211.5 || 918
|-
| [[Fattepur, Hardoi|Fattepur]] || 40.4 || 283
|-
| [[Khanigawan Khurd]] || 304.8 || 906
|-
| [[Biruapur]] || 624.4 || 498
|-
| [[Khanigawan Kalan]] || 132.6 || 920
|-
| [[Dariyapur, Hardoi|Dariyapur]] || 145.2 || 0
|-
| [[Barkhera, Shahabad, Hardoi|Barkhera]] || 178.6 || 594
|-
| [[Nagla Khanpur]] || 187.8 || 1,574
|-
| [[Thhehapur]] || 140.3 || 1,057
|-
| [[Bihgawan]] || 208.9 || 1,278
|-
| [[Bihgawan Pansala]] || 7.5 || 0
|-
| [[Shahpur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahpur]] || 202.2 || 1,595
|-
| [[Nau Nagla]] || 206.6 || 701
|-
| [[Dhiarai]] || 271.5 || 852
|-
| [[Isey Pur]] || 112.6 || 268
|-
| [[Dalel Nagar]] || 544.7 || 2,670
|-
| [[Rampur Hamza]] || 479.2 || 2,143
|-
| [[Nasauli Gopal]] || 195.6 || 3,438
|-
| [[Nasauligopaa Pansala]] || 226.4 || 0
|-
| [[Gulraha]] || 67 || 459
|-
| [[Raipur, Shahabad, Hardoi|Raipur]] || 142.4 || 945
|-
| [[Nasauli Damar]] || 591 || 3,412
|-
| [[Fadnapur]] || 140.7 || 647
|-
| [[Sakrauli Pansala]] || 228.8 || 0
|-
| [[Sakrauli]] || 224.4 || 2,062
|-
| [[Boota Mau]] || 220.9 || 1,608
|-
| [[Boota Mau Pansala]] || 56.6 || 0
|-
| [[Bakaura]] || 199.3 || 842
|-
| [[Asalapur]] || 175.8 || 1,359
|-
| [[Naga Mau]] || 134.4 || 445
|-
| [[Naga Mau Pansala]] || 45.7 || 0
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://hardoi.nic.in}}

{{Hardoi district}}

*[[Fatehpur Gayand]]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hardoi district]]

Louis Melsens

2024-12-28T17:05:48Z

171.76.2.194:

{{Short description|Belgian physicist & chemist (1814-1886)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[Image:Louis_Melsens.jpg|thumb|Louis Melsens]]
'''Louis Henri Frédéric Melsens''' (11 July 1814 – 20 April 1886) was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] physicist and chemist. In 1846, he became professor of chemistry at the [[Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège|Royal Veterinary School of Cureghem]] in [[Anderlecht]], [[Brussels]]. Melsens applied the principle of the [[Faraday cage]] to [[lightning]] conductors and invented [[tincture of iodine]] for disinfection. In medical circles he became internationally famous for his research on oral administration of [[potassium iodide]] as a cure for [[mercury poisoning|mercury]] or [[lead poisoning]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj9FAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1 "Sur l'emploi de l'iodure de potassium pour combattre les affections saturnines et mercurielles"], in ''Annales de chimie et de physique'', t. 26, 3e série, 1849.</ref><ref name=KI_en>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5192934/ "On the Employment of Iodide of Potassium as a Remedy for the Affections Caused by Lead and Mercury"], in ''Br Foreign Med Chir Rev.'' 1853 Jan; 11(21): 201–224.</ref>

==Life and career==
Melsens was born in Leuven on 11 July 1814, first of at least 5 children to Henri Melsens and Marie Henriette Françoise Hamoir. He was first home-schooled by his mother and went on to high school in Leuven. He studied ancient languages, as well as English, German and Italian, and began his career in the offices of a commercial firm in Antwerp, with the Josson brothers.<ref name=heen>DE HEEN, Pierre, [http://www.academieroyale.be/academie/documents/MELSENSLouisHenriFredericARB_189348156.pdf "Notice sur Louis-Henri-Frédéric Melsens"], in ''Annuaire de l'Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique'', 1893, p. 484-493.</ref> Not really having a commercial streak, he decided to devote the rest his life to the study of science. On the advice of his mother and his fellow student [[Jean Servais Stas]], he went to Paris to study chemistry and physics in [[Jean-Baptiste Dumas]]'s private laboratory. He shared an apartment with Stas.<ref name=heen /> He completed his training in Bonn, Germany, where he attended [[Liebig]]'s laboratory. He became a doctor of science at the University of [[Giessen]].<ref>HENRIOT, Émile, [http://www.academieroyale.be/academie/documents/FichierPDFBiographieNationaleTome2089.pdf#page=292 "Melsens (Louis-Henri-Frédéric)" ], in ''Biographie Nationale'', t. 30, Brussels: Établissements Émile Bruylant, 1958, col. 570.</ref>

Back in Belgium, he obtained the chair of physics and chemistry at the [[Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège|Royal Veterinary School of Cureghem]] and permanent examiner at the Belgian [[Royal Military Academy (Belgium)|Royal Military Academy]]. He was appointed correspondent of the [[Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium|Royal Academy of Belgium]], on 16 December 1846 and became a member of the institution on 15 December 1850. He was made knight in the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] in 1856 or 1857, before his marriage to Wilhelmine Jeanne Marie Koli on 30 July 1857. He was director of the ''Classe des sciences'' in 1859.

Melsens suffered from poor health throughout his life, and died at the age of 71 on 20 April 1886 in Brussels. He is buried in [[Evere]].

==Scientific achievements==
Melsens mainly did research in organic chemistry, although he also pioneered uses of inorganic iodine in medicine. As early as 1843, he collaborated with Natalis Guillot on the curative properties of [[potassium iodide]] administered to people suffering from [[lead poisoning|lead]] or [[mercury poisoning]],<ref name=KI_en /> for which in [[1877 in Belgium|1877]] he was awarded the [[Guinard Prize]] by the Royal Academy of Belgium, given to the scientist who has written the best work or created the best invention to improve the material or intellectual position of the working class. He also received the [[Montyon Prize]] by the [[Paris Academy of Sciences]] in [[1865 in Belgium|1865]].<ref name=heen />

He also carried out research on [[lightning rod]]s and invented an improved version of [[Benjamin Franklin]]'s original design.<ref name=heen />

==Streets and scientific award named in his honor==
The ''Louis Melsens Prize'' is awarded to a Belgian or naturalised Belgian author of the most remarkable work on applied chemistry or physics.<ref>[http://www2.cfwb.be/arb/EN/FondationsSC.htm Louis Melsens Prize] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126074636/http://www.cfwb.be/arb/EN/FondationsSC.htm |date=26 November 2005 }} (created in 1900)</ref> The Melsensstraat or Rue Melsens in Brussels and the Louis Melsensstraat in Leuven are streets named after him.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* [https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Melsens,_Louis-Henri-Frédéric_(1814-1886) Louis Melsens on bestor.be] (French)
* [http://www.fcguymaria.eu/faits/annees1860-69/faits1865.htm#paratonnerre Le paratonnerre à cage métallique de Louis Melsens] (French)
* D. Thorburn Burns and Hendrik Deelstra, ''Analytical chemistry in Belgium: an historical overview'', Microchimica Acta, Volume 161, Numbers 1–2, April 2008, pp. 41–66
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509202511/http://www.ebru.be/Streets/StrMelsens.html Melsens street]

==Further reading==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348966401_Louis_Henri_Melsens_Nicotine_potassium_iodide_and_sulfur_compounds Melsens' legacy by Jaime Wisniaky]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Melsens, Louis}}
[[Category:Ballistics experts]]
[[Category:Belgian physicists]]
[[Category:Belgian pharmacologists]]
[[Category:1886 deaths]]
[[Category:1814 births]]
[[Category:Belgian chemists]]
[[Category:19th-century Belgian scientists]]

Kokopo

2024-12-21T06:28:59Z

171.76.2.194:

{{Short description|Capital of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kokopo
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Kokopo.png
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Satellite image
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Papua New Guinea
| pushpin_relief =
| coordinates = {{coord|4|21|00|S|152|16|25|E|region:PG|display=inline}}
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within New Britain and Ireland
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Papua New Guinea|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts and LLGs of Papua New Guinea|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kokopo District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts and LLGs of Papua New Guinea|LLG]]
| subdivision_name3 = Kokopo/Vunamami Urban
| area_total_km2 =
| area_footnotes =
| population_total = 20,262
| population_as_of = 2000
| population_rank = [[List of cities and towns in Papua New Guinea by population|8th]]
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = [[Languages of Papua New Guinea|Main languages]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kuanua]], [[Tok Pisin]], English
| established_title =
| established_date =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| elevation_m = 4
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| timezone1 = [[Time in Australia|AEST]]
| utc_offset1 = +10
| website =
| blank_name = Location
| blank_info = {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} from [[Rabaul]]
| blank1_name = Mean max temp
| blank1_info = {{convert|31.0|C|F}}
| blank2_name = Mean min temp
| blank2_info = {{convert|23.3|C|F}}
| blank3_name = Annual rainfall
| blank3_info = {{convert|2003|mm|in|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| blank4_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank4_info = [[Tropical rainforest climate|Af]]
}}

'''Kokopo''' is the capital of [[East New Britain Province]] in [[Papua New Guinea]]. It is administered under [[Kokopo/Vunamami Urban LLG]]. The capital was moved from [[Rabaul]] in 1994 when the [[volcano]]es [[Tavurvur]] and [[Vulcan (volcano)|Vulcan]] erupted. As a result, the population of the town increased more than sixfold from 3,150 in 1990 to 20,262 in 2000.<ref>PNG Census 2000</ref>

Kokopo was known as '''Herbertshöhe''' (''Herbert's Heights''), named in honour of [[Herbert von Bismarck|Herbert]], eldest son of German Chancellor [[Otto von Bismarck]], during the [[German New Guinea]] administration, which controlled the area between 1884 and formally until 1919. Until 1910, it was the capital of German New Guinea.

On Sunday, March 29, 2015, a strong earthquake, of a preliminary magnitude of at least 7.5, which at that time was the largest [[List of earthquakes in 2015|earthquake of 2015]], was recorded near Kokopo, and a tsunami warning was issued. This was surpassed a month later by the [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake]], which measured a magnitude 7.8.

In 2015, a research and conservation project was suggested to study and protect [[spinner dolphin]]s<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-31|title=Papua New Guinea 2016 Trip Report|url=http://www.kbb.com.pg/NG-PNG-Report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331211816/http://www.kbb.com.pg/NG-PNG-Report.pdf|archive-date=2017-03-31}}</ref> living around Kokopo beach, as this population may be threatened if construction of a new port for larger shipping lanes is initiated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ハシナガイルカの生息地を守るプロジェクト～戦後70年。パプアニューギニア・ラバウルの海を潜る～|url=https://oceana.ne.jp/from_ocean/58814|access-date=2021-12-25|website=ダイビングと海の総合サイト・オーシャナ|language=ja}}</ref>

==Communication links==
The remains of the former capital Rabaul are located some {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the north-west of Kokopo, when using the Kokopo-Rabaul Highway. There are around 4,000 inhabitants in Rabaul, down from over 17,000 before the latest volcanic eruption.

[[Rabaul Airport]] (also called "Tokua Airport"), one of Papua New Guinea's largest domestic airports, is located a few kilometres east of Kokopo.

==Climate==
Kokopo has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Af'') with heavy rainfall and hot temperatures year-round.
{{Weather box|width = 70%
|location = Kokopo
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour = pastel
|Jan high C = 30.7
|Feb high C = 30.8
|Mar high C = 30.6
|Apr high C = 30.6
|May high C = 30.8
|Jun high C = 30.6
|Jul high C = 29.9
|Aug high C = 30.1
|Sep high C = 31.0
|Oct high C = 31.2
|Nov high C = 31.3
|Dec high C = 30.8
|Jan mean C = 27.0
|Feb mean C = 27.0
|Mar mean C = 27.0
|Apr mean C = 26.9
|May mean C = 27.2
|Jun mean C = 27.0
|Jul mean C = 26.5
|Aug mean C = 26.5
|Sep mean C = 27.1
|Oct mean C = 27.2
|Nov mean C = 27.4
|Dec mean C = 27.1
|Jan low C = 23.4
|Feb low C = 23.3
|Mar low C = 23.5
|Apr low C = 23.3
|May low C = 23.6
|Jun low C = 23.4
|Jul low C = 23.1
|Aug low C = 23.0
|Sep low C = 23.3
|Oct low C = 23.3
|Nov low C = 23.5
|Dec low C = 23.4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm= 185
|Feb rain mm= 188
|Mar rain mm= 209
|Apr rain mm= 191
|May rain mm= 124
|Jun rain mm= 139
|Jul rain mm= 167
|Aug rain mm= 154
|Sep rain mm= 130
|Oct rain mm= 127
|Nov rain mm= 156
|Dec rain mm= 217
|source =<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goroka climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Goroka weather averages - Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/oceania/papua-new-guinea/eastern-highlands/goroka-50976/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>
}}

==PNG Hunters==
The [[Papua New Guinea Hunters]] (PNG Hunters) are a [[rugby league]] football club based in Kokopo. They were established in 2013 and currently compete in the [[Queensland Rugby League|QRL]]'s [[Queensland Cup|Intrust Super Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Papua New Guinea gain entry to Queensland Cup 2014|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-28/png-to-contest-2014-queensland-cup/5123616|newspaper=ABC News|date=28 November 2013}}</ref> The Hunters' home ground is [[Kalabond Oval]] in Kokopo and their team colours are red, black and gold.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pangkatana|first=John|title=Q-Cup name unveiled|url=http://www.thenational.com.pg/?q=node/61760|newspaper=The National|date=24 December 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{Portal-inline|New Guinea}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{PNG Provincial Capitals}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in East New Britain Province]]

Anselme Payen

2024-12-19T13:08:18Z

171.76.2.194:

{{Short description|French chemist (1795–1871)}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Anselme Payen
|image = Anselme Payen.jpg
|image_size = 150px
|caption =
|birth_date = 6 January 1795
|birth_place = [[Paris]], [[French First Republic|France]]
|death_date = 12 May 1871 (aged 76)
|death_place = Paris, [[French Third Republic|France]]
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[France|French]]
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = Discovered [[diastase]] and [[cellulose]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|signature =
|footnotes =
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Chemistry]]
|work_institutions = [[École Centrale Paris]] CNAM
|prizes =
|religion =
}}
'''Anselme Payen''' ({{IPA|fr|pa.jɛ̃|lang}}; 6 January 1795 – 12 May 1871) was a French [[chemist]] known for discovering the enzyme [[diastase]], and the carbohydrate [[cellulose]].

==Biography==
Payen was born in [[Paris]]. He began studying science with his father when he was a 13-year-old, and later studied [[Chemistry]] at the [[École Polytechnique]] under the chemists [[Louis Nicolas Vauquelin]] and [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761589309/anselme_payen.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829032715/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761589309/Anselme_Payen.html |archive-date=2009-08-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At the age of 23, Payen became manager of a [[borax]]-refining factory, where he developed a process for synthesizing borax from [[sodium|soda]] and [[boric acid]]. Previously, all borax had been imported from the [[East Indies]] exclusively by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]]. Payen's new method of synthesizing borax allowed him to sell the mineral at one third the going price, and break the Dutch monopoly.

Payen also developed processes for refining [[sugar]], along with a way to refine [[starch]] and [[ethanol|alcohol]] from [[potato]]es, and a method for determination of [[nitrogen]]. Payen invented a decolorimeter, which dealt with the analysis, decolorization, bleaching, and crystallization of sugar.

Payen discovered the first [[enzyme]], [[diastase]], in 1833.<ref>A. Payen and J.-F. Persoz (1833) "Mémoire sur la diastase, les principaux produits de ses réactions et leurs applications aux arts industriels" (Memoir on diastase, the principal products of its reactions, and their applications to the industrial arts), ''Annales de chimie et de physique'', 2nd series, vol. 53, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9I3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA73 pages 73–92].</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Fessner, W.D.| title = Biocatalysis: From Discovery to Application| year = 2000 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | isbn = 3-540-66970-1 }}</ref> He is also known for isolating and naming the carbohydrate [[cellulose]].<ref>A. Payen (1838) "Mémoire sur la composition du tissu propre des plantes et du ligneux" (Memoir on the composition of the tissue of plants and of woody [material]), ''Comptes rendus'', vol. 7, pages 1052–1056. Payen added appendices to this paper on 24 December 1838 (see: ''Comptes rendus'', vol. 8, page 169 (1839)) and on 4 February 1839 (see: ''Comptes rendus'', vol. 9, page 149 (1839)). A committee of the French Academy of Sciences reviewed Payen's findings in : Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1839) "Rapport sur un mémoire de M. Payen, relatif à la composition de la matière ligneuse" (Report on a memoir of Mr. Payen, regarding the composition of woody matter), ''Comptes rendus'', vol. 8, pages 51–53. In this report, the word "cellulose" is coined and the author points out the similarity between the empirical formula of cellulose and that of ''dextrine'' (starch). The above articles are reprinted in: Brongniart and Guillemin, eds., ''Annales des sciences naturelles''... , 2nd series, vol. 11 (Paris, France: Crochard et Cie., 1839), [https://books.google.com/books?id=VDRsFWwgUo4C&pg=PA21 pages 21–31].</ref>

In 1835, Payen became a professor at [[École Centrale Paris]]. He was later elected professor at the [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers]]. He died in Paris on May 13, 1871.

==Legacy==
The [[American Chemical Society]]'s Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division has established an annual award in his honor, the [[Anselme Payen Award]].<ref name=ACS>{{cite web
| url =http://membership.acs.org/C/CELL/apayen.htm
| title =ACS Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division - Anselme Payen Award
| access-date =2007-07-08
| archive-date =2008-10-05
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20081005204746/http://membership.acs.org/C/CELL/apayen.htm
| url-status =dead
}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Payen, Anselme}}
[[Category:1795 births]]
[[Category:1871 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century French chemists]]
[[Category:French biochemists]]
[[Category:École Polytechnique alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Scientists from Paris]]

N. S. V. Chitthan

2024-12-19T04:11:28Z

171.76.2.194:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = N. S. V. Chitthan
| image =File:The Member of Parliament, Shri S.N.V. Chitthan addressing at the Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign, at Palani, Dindigul district, in Tamil Nadu on September 02, 2010.jpg
| caption = N.S.V. Chitthan addressing the Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign, at Palani
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1934|4|12|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Thirumangalam]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| residence =[[Madurai]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]]
| constituency = [[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =[[Tamil Maanila Congress|TMC]]
| religion =
| spouse = Shakuntala Chitthan
}}

'''N. S. V. Chitthan''' is an Indian politician of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] party.

==Early life and background==
N.S.V. Chitthan was born in Tirumangalam district of [[Madurai]] on 12 April 1934. He belongs to the strong [[Thevar]] community. His father Shri N. S. Veerapathira Thevar was a member of Congress during the Pre Independence period. He married Shakuntala in 1959. He holds a B.A. in (Economics) and studied in Madura College in [[Madurai]], Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Chithan">{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4063|title = National Portal of India}}</ref>

==Entry into politics==
Chithan joined Congress when he was young and contested the elections in 1967 when [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] routed Congress and managed to win even though he was contesting the elections for the first time and given the fact that there was a wave in favour of DMK.

===Political base===
Chithan contests from the Dindigul Parliamentary constituency. He has not been a Minister in the Union Government but has served on different committees and has been attributed to the Development of Madurai suburban localities and the transition of Road networks and Industries in Dindigul district and Madurai District.

==Political timeline==
* Elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly (three times) (1967–71 and 1980–89).
* Deputy Leader of Opposition and Deputy Leader
* Congress Legislative Party Chairman, Public Accounts Committee, Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly (1980–84)
* Elected to 11th Lok Sabha (1996)
* Leader, Tamil Manila Congress (TMC) Party in Lok Sabha (1996–97)
* Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (2nd term) (2004) and Member, Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture Member,
* Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha (3rd term) (2009) and Member, Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice (31 August 2009)
<ref name="Chithan"/>

==Honours==
Recipient of Silver Medal by Bureau of Parliamentary Affairs for raising maximum number (more than 7000) of questions on the floor of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly during 1967-71. He also addressed the UN General Assembly in 1997 as member of the Indian delegation. He also served as the General Secretary of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee for 2 years.<ref name="Chithan"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chitthan, N. S. V.}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Tamil Maanila Congress politicians]]
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]
[[Category:People from Dindigul district]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1967–1971]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1985–1989]]

Vinod Gupta

2024-12-16T12:53:43Z

171.76.2.194:

{{Short description|Indian-American businessman (born 1946)}}
{{for multi|the Indian cricketer|Vinod Gupta (cricketer)|the pulmonologist|Vin Gupta (pulmonologist)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vinod Gupta
| image = Vinod Gupta with President Bill Clinton.jpg
| caption = Gupta and former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]], 2014
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|7|4}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/14/us/politics/14gupta.html|title=Clinton's Backers Ties to Powerful Cut Both Ways|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112060803/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/14/us/politics/14gupta.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Rampur Maniharan]], [[United Provinces (1937-50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality =
| education =
| occupation = Businessman
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Democratic party (United States)|Democratic]]
| boards =
| spouse = Laurel Gupta
| children = 3
| parents =
| website =
| restingplace =
| alma mater = [[IIT Kharagpur]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Technology|BTech]])}} [[University of Nebraska-Lincoln]] {{small|([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])}}
| known for =
| relations =
}}

'''Vinod Gupta''' (born July 4, 1946; often mentioned as "Vin Gupta") is an [[Indian-American]] businessman, investor, and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=2007-11-22 |title=S.E.C. Investigates Company Founded by Clinton Donor |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/22/business/22sec.html |access-date=2022-06-04 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604043109/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/22/business/22sec.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He is the former chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of [[Data Axle|infoGROUP]] (previously known as infoUSA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708003616/http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/080428/20080428005870.html?.v=1|url-status=dead|title=Yahoo Finance - Stock Market Live, Quotes, Business & Finance News|website=finance.yahoo.com|archive-date = 8 July 2012}}</ref> Gupta was CEO of infoGROUP from the time of its incorporation in 1972 until September 1997, and again from August 1998 to August 2008.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ostroy |first=Andy |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/08/21/business/NA-US-InfoGroup-Shake-up.php |title=The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia |newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]] |access-date=24 October 2016}}</ref> Gupta has donated over $50 million to numerous philanthropic endeavors in the United States and India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://vingupta.com/|title=Welcome to World Education Foundation|work=World Education Foundation|access-date=2017-04-20|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093454/http://vingupta.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Borrowing $100 from a bank to get started, Gupta grew infoGroup from a one-man operation to a global employer of over 5,000 with annual revenues of over $750 million.<ref name="stonetemple.com">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-16 |title=InfoUSA's Pankaj Mathur Interviewed by Eric Enge |url=https://www.stonetemple.com/infousas-pankaj-mathur-interviewed-by-eric-enge/ |access-date=2017-04-21 |website=www.stonetemple.com |language=en |archive-date=22 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422122635/https://www.stonetemple.com/infousas-pankaj-mathur-interviewed-by-eric-enge/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under Gupta's leadership, infoGROUP acquired over 45 companies. InfoGroup was sold in July 2010 for $680 million.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/washingtonlife/docs/may2012/90|title=Washington Life Magazine - May 2012|work=issuu|access-date=2017-04-20|language=en|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421094117/https://issuu.com/washingtonlife/docs/may2012/90|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010, Gupta founded DatabaseUSA.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.databaseusa.com |title=Database and Email Marketing {{!}} DatabaseUSA.com |access-date=22 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224000257/http://databaseusa.com/ |archive-date=24 February 2013 }}</ref> Gupta later founded and/or acquired a number of businesses, including A to Z Databases, Express-Copy, [[Infofree|InfoFree]], JangoMail, LocatePlus, and LP Police, which are owned by the Everest Group, Gupta's family office and investment corporation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.everestusa.net/acquisitions|title=Acquisitions {{!}} Everest Group LLC|work=Everest Group LLC|access-date=2017-04-20|language=en|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093333/http://www.everestusa.net/acquisitions|url-status=live}}</ref>

Former United States President [[Bill Clinton]] praised Gupta's and infoGroup's dedication to public service in Clinton's book ''Giving'', which described the company as one that "has made a concerted effort to hire people who were on welfare, as well as people who are disabled or who have to support themselves after getting out of unsafe domestic situations."<ref name="businesswire.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070919005949/en/infoUSAs-Participation-Welfare-Work-Programs-Mentioned-Bill|title=infoUSA's Participation in Welfare to Work Programs Mentioned in Bill Clinton's New Book, Giving|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-20|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421192910/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070919005949/en/infoUSAs-Participation-Welfare-Work-Programs-Mentioned-Bill|url-status=live}}</ref> Gupta noted that he was "deeply honored by President Clinton's recognition of infoUSA's hiring programs," and that he was "proud of ''info''USA's commitment to providing opportunities to our fellow citizens, helping them achieve financial independence and vocational success whether they are working their way off welfare or overcoming a disability."<ref name="businesswire.com"/>

President Clinton appointed Gupta to serve as a trustee of the [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/us/politics/20clinton.html|title=In Charity and Politics, Clinton Donors Overlap|last1=Becker|first1=Don Van Natta Jr , Jo|date=2007-12-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-04-21|last2=Mcintire|first2=Mike|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=5 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505212023/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/us/politics/20clinton.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kennedy-center.org/pages/about/BoardOfTrustees|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Art|website=www.kennedy-center.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-20|archive-date=16 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516035302/https://www.kennedy-center.org/pages/about/BoardOfTrustees|url-status=live}}</ref> Gupta was nominated (and confirmed) to serve as the United States Consul General to [[Bermuda]], as well as the United States ambassador to [[Fiji]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromMktGuideIdPersonTearsheet.jhtml?passedMktGuideId%3D8704 |title=Vinod Gupta Profile - Forbes.com |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=18 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428082352/http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromMktGuideIdPersonTearsheet.jhtml?passedMktGuideId=8704 |archive-date=28 April 2006 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Gupta was born in [[Rampur Maniharan]], a small town (village) near [[Saharanpur]] ([[Uttar Pradesh]]) located {{convert|100|mi|km}} north of [[New Delhi]] to the family of Dr. Giri Lal Gupta.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/02/06/201835/index.htm|title=BUILDING A FORTUNE ON FREE DATA VINOD GUPTA IS A MULTIMILLIONAIRE BECAUSE HE SELLS THE INFORMATION THAT OTHER ENTREPRENEURS NEED TO STAY IN BUSINESS. - February 6, 1995|website=archive.fortune.com|access-date=2017-04-20}}</ref> Gupta "'grew up with no electricity, no roads, no toilets, no TVs, no cars. I didn't know much of what was outside.'"<ref name="auto1"/> After graduating from high school, Gupta applied to the [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] (IIT), and was [[List of Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur alumni|admitted]] to the [[IIT Kharagpur]] campus.<ref name="auto1"/> He majored in agricultural engineering.<ref name="auto1"/>

In 1967, Gupta moved to the United States to pursue a master's degree. He "won a scholarship to the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]], where he earned master's degrees in agricultural engineering and [[Master of Business Administration|business]]."<ref name="auto1"/>

== Early career ==
Gupta [[List of University of Nebraska–Lincoln people|graduated]] from the University of Nebraska in 1971. He was subsequently hired as a marketing research analyst with Commodore Corporation, a manufacturer of mobile homes.<ref name="auto1"/> Commodore asked Gupta to gather a list of every mobile home dealer in the United States.<ref name="auto1"/> After Gupta realized that most of the available sources were either outdated or incomplete, he ordered all available 4,800 Yellow Pages phone directories and set out to compile the list himself.<ref name="auto1"/>

== Honorary doctorates ==
Gupta has received four honorary doctorate degrees from the [[Monterey Institute]], the University of Nebraska, [[IIT Kharagpur]], and [[IIT Jodhpur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Leader |first=The Weekend |title=The distinguished alumni of IIT Kharagpur |url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Headlines/74914/the-distinguished-alumni-of-iit-kharagpur.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.theweekendleader.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2023-10-11 |title=Invitation to Conferment of Honorary Degree at IIT ]odhpur |url=https://www.gefusa.org/images/uploads_users/news/Honorary_Doctorate_Degree_-_IIT_Jodhpur.pdf |journal=Indian Insdtuto of Technotogy Jodhpur}}</ref> Gupta was the speaker for IIT Kharagpur’s commencement address in 2006.<ref name=":0" />

== InfoGroup ==
Borrowing $100 from a local Nebraska bank, Gupta invested the money in mailers he sent out to other mobile home manufacturers.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB875059169319215500|title=ABI's Founder Gupta Hands Reins to Adviser|last=Journal|first=Jeffrey A. Tannenbaum Staff Reporter of The Wall Street|work=WSJ|access-date=2017-04-21|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422035348/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB875059169319215500|url-status=live}}</ref> Within three weeks, Gupta received checks for $22,000 and orders for another $13,000.<ref name="auto1"/> Gupta founded American Business Information (ABI) in 1972.<ref name="Tannenbaum">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB875059169319215500|title=ABI's Founder Gupta Hands Reins to Adviser|last=Tannenbaum|first=Jeffrey A.|date=1997-09-24|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2017-04-21|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422035348/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB875059169319215500|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 1986, "ABI had the entire Yellow Pages in its databases, ready to be accessed in any form that customers wanted."<ref name="auto1"/>

By 1994, the company had revenues of $75 million and was publicly traded on the NASDAQ exchange.<ref name="auto1"/> Gupta had already amassed "six million shares"<ref name="auto1"/> and was "worth over $100 million."<ref name="auto1"/>

By 1997, the company had 1,500 employees and revenues of $108 million.<ref name="Tannenbaum"/> ABI was valued at approximately $650 million, of which Gupta, who "decided to step down as chief executive of the fast-growing company because he thinks it needs more professional management," owned 38% (or approximately $250 million).<ref name="Tannenbaum"/>

In 1998, Gupta resumed his role as chief executive of ABI, and renamed the company infoUSA.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/American-Business-Information-Has-a-New-Name-infoUSA-and-a-New-Web-Site-17920.asp|title=American Business Information Has a New Name infoUSA and a New Web Site|last=Hane|first=Paula J.|date=1998-08-17|access-date=2017-04-21|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422035417/http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/American-Business-Information-Has-a-New-Name-infoUSA-and-a-New-Web-Site-17920.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

Over the next 10 years, Gupta acquired over 45 companies and built infoUSA into a "data-collection industry titan"<ref name="Clintons' InfoUSA Ties Scrutinized">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18958566|title=Clintons' InfoUSA Ties Scrutinized|work=NPR.org|access-date=2017-04-20|language=en|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075240/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18958566|url-status=live}}</ref> with annual revenues of over $750 million.<ref name="stonetemple.com"/> In 2008, Gupta renamed "[d]atabase giant infoUSA . . . infoGroup to better reflect its global expansion . . . [and] offices and operations in the U.S., Australia, Canada, China, India, Singapore and the U.K."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://adage.com/article/btob/infousa-infogroup/271103/|title=InfoUSA changes name to infoGroup|access-date=2017-04-21|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422035226/http://adage.com/article/btob/infousa-infogroup/271103/|url-status=live}}</ref> The company was sold in 2010 for $680 million.<ref name="auto"/>

== Charitable foundation ==
Gupta has pledged to donate all of his wealth to charity,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IN66TjlScsC&q=vinod+gupta+charity&pg=PT30|title=The Game Changers: 20 extraordinary success stories of entrepreneurs from IIT Kharagpur|last1=Modi|first1=Yuvnesh|last2=Kumar|first2=Rahul|last3=Kothari|first3=Alok|date=2012-01-13|publisher=Random House India|isbn=9788184002843|language=en}}</ref> and has made access to quality education a primary focus of his charitable contributions. "Through his charitable foundation, Gupta has helped advance education across fields including: business, science, information technology, communications, intellectual property law and wildlife preservation."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://list.infousa.com/VinGuptaCharitable.htm |title=Vin Gupta Charitable Contributions |access-date=18 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521003847/http://list.infousa.com/VinGuptaCharitable.htm |archive-date=21 May 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Gupta donated $1 million to establish the [[Rampur Maniharan|Ram Rati Gupta Polytechnic]], a women's polytechnic in his native town of [[Rampur Maniharan]], a small town near [[Saharanpur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state. The Polytechnic was inaugurated by former United States President [[Bill Clinton]]. The former president met with students from the polytechnic when he visited India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/18/photo-essay-bill-clinton-visits-india/|title=Photo Essay: Bill Clinton Visits India|last=Bhattacharya|first=Suryatapa|date=2014-07-18|website=WSJ|access-date=2017-04-21|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422034713/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/18/photo-essay-bill-clinton-visits-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Gupta donated $2 million to his alma mater, the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, to create the [[Vinod Gupta School of Management]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Basu |first=Somdatta |date=25 January 2008 |title=Alumnus donates $1 mn to IIT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Alumnus-donates-1-mn-to-IIT/articleshow/2729520.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020080839/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-25/kolkata/27751165_1_iit-kgp-iit-kharagpur-vinod-gupta-school |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=20 October 2012 }}</ref> The institute now offers an [[MBA]] program to engineering graduates with 0 to 5 years of work experience. After Gupta's contributions, IIT received an additional $2 million from other IIT alumni.

Gupta has also donated money for a new science block at his former village school, and provided buses for his village's girls' school.

Gupta most recently founded a law school under the IIT umbrella: the [[Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law]], which is ranked the second-best law school in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.law.careers360.com/colleges/ranking/2017|title=Top Law colleges in India 2017|last=www.careers360.com|website=www.law.careers360.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-20|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421105505/http://www.law.careers360.com/colleges/ranking/2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the United States, Gupta has donated $2 million to establish a curriculum for small business management at the [[University of Nebraska]] at Lincoln. He has also donated an additional $500,000 to set up a scholarship fund for minority students who want to enter its science or engineering schools.

In 2013, Gupta partnered with the [[United States Department of State]]'s Office of the Global Partnership Initiative and the [[George Washington University School of Business]] to establish the Benjamin Kane Gupta Fellows Program.<ref name="mediarelations.gwu.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://mediarelations.gwu.edu/entrepreneur-and-philanthropist-vinod-gupta-establishes-gw-fellowship-program-us-department-state|title=Entrepreneur and Philanthropist Vinod Gupta Establishes GW Fellowship Program at the U.S. Department of State in Memory of His Son {{!}} Office of Media Relations {{!}} The George Washington University|website=mediarelations.gwu.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-04-21|archive-date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025061338/https://mediarelations.gwu.edu/entrepreneur-and-philanthropist-vinod-gupta-establishes-gw-fellowship-program-us-department-state|url-status=live}}</ref> The program is an "elite national internship program for M.B.A. graduate students . . . located within the Department of State," which "offer[s] fellows . . . the opportunity to learn how to build public-private partnership to enhance and strengthen U.S. foreign policy and development efforts."<ref name="mediarelations.gwu.edu"/>

In 2014, Gupta donated $1 million to the [[George Washington University Law School]] to establish the Ben Gupta Endowed Fund for International Legal Education.<ref name="gwlawmagazine.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gwlawmagazine.com/archives/2014/fall/alumni-philanthropy-gratitude.html|title=Alumni & Philanthropy: With Gratitude {{!}} GW Law|website=www.gwlawmagazine.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-21|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422042213/http://www.gwlawmagazine.com/archives/2014/fall/alumni-philanthropy-gratitude.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The scholarship "support[s] students from developing countries seeking JD or LLM degrees, and those pursuing educational opportunities at the Law School on a non-degree basis."<ref name="gwlawmagazine.com"/>

== Relationship with the Clintons ==
Gupta is "a close ally of both Clintons,"<ref name="Clintons' InfoUSA Ties Scrutinized"/> and a "major Democratic fundraiser"<ref name="auto"/> and "[[Rainmaker (business)|rainmaker]]."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/14/us/politics/14gupta.html|title=Clinton Backer's Ties to Powerful Cut Both Ways|last=Mcintire|first=Mike|date=2007-07-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-04-21|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512083252/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/14/us/politics/14gupta.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He "has a long history of giving and raising campaign money for the Clintons, and gave $1 million for the 2000 Millennium Celebration, a New Year's Party thrown by the Clintons."<ref>{{cite news |last=Overby |first=Peter |date=13 February 2008 |title=Clintons' InfoUSA Ties scrutinized |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18958566 |work=National Public Radio |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-date=13 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075240/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18958566 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gupta later "hired Bill Clinton as a consultant . . . one of two continuing business relationships [Clinton] has had since leaving office . . . worth $3.3 million,"<ref name="Clintons' InfoUSA Ties Scrutinized"/> through infoGroup, the company formerly "owned by Vinod Gupta, a billionaire who has raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for the Clintons' campaigns and contributed $1 million to the Clinton Foundation."<ref name="Newsweek">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/bill-clintons-business-ties-face-scrutiny-87355|title=Bill Clinton's Business Ties Face Scrutiny|date=2008-01-26|work=Newsweek|access-date=2017-04-20|language=en|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421095402/http://www.newsweek.com/bill-clintons-business-ties-face-scrutiny-87355|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to [[Bob Kerrey]], a former Senator from Nebraska, "'Vin is shockingly social,' . . . 'One of his gifts is he can strike up a conversation with anybody, and does. I can see why he and President Clinton got along so well, because they're both sort of that way."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/14/us/politics/14gupta.html|title=Clinton Backer's Ties to Powerful Cut Both Ways|last=Mcintire|first=Mike|date=2007-07-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-04-20|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512083252/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/14/us/politics/14gupta.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2007, Gupta praised Clinton's work for the company. "'He helps us meet some of the right people,' he told the ''Omaha World-Herald''. 'In many speeches, he has mentioned InfoUSA by name.'"<ref name="Newsweek"/>

== Legal issues ==
In 2010, Gupta was charged along with two other employees of InfoGroup for "their roles in a scheme in which the CEO funneled illegal compensation to himself in the form of perks worth millions of dollars." The SEC claimed Gupta used $9.5 million in corporate funds for personal gain and his "lavish lifestyle."<ref name="SEC charges">{{cite press release |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2010/2010-39.htm |title=SEC Charges Former Executives in Illegal Scheme to Enrich CEO With Perks |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=15 March 2010 |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-date=14 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214053324/http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2010/2010-39.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The three later settled with the SEC without admitting wrongdoing. According to the SEC, Gupta paid $7.4 million in fines and penalties, and agreed to be barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company.<ref name="SEC charges" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Title unknown |url=http://www.footnoted.com/my-big-fat-deal/the-perks-that-ate-infogroup/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701085725/http://www.footnoted.com/my-big-fat-deal/the-perks-that-ate-infogroup/ |archive-date=1 July 2011}}</ref>

In February 2014, InfoGroup sued Gupta for improperly recruiting its employees and accessing its computer secrets.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 February 2014 |title=US based Infogroup sues its Founder and Ex-CEO Vinod Gupta |work=Bihar Prabha |agency=Indo-Asian News Service (IANS) |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/us-based-infogroup-sues-its-founder-and-ex-ceo-vinod-gupta/ |access-date=20 February 2014 |archive-date=16 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516235545/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/us-based-infogroup-sues-its-founder-and-ex-ceo-vinod-gupta/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2020, Infogroup was awarded US$21.2 million in a copyright case against Gupta, after he was found to have stolen intellectual property and falsely implied that he was still affiliated with the company.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 April 2020 |title=8th Circ. Affirms Infogroup's $21M IP Award over Ex-CEO |url=https://www.law360.com/technology/articles/1267772/8th-circ-affirms-infogroup-s-21m-ip-award-over-ex-ceo |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=law360.com}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Gupta is married to Laurel Gupta.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 December 2011 |title=In Memoriam: Benjamin Gupta |url=https://gwtoday.gwu.edu/memoriam-benjamin-gupta |access-date=2022-12-04 |publisher=Gwtoday.gwu.edu |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221203941/https://gwtoday.gwu.edu/memoriam-benjamin-gupta |url-status=live }}</ref> He has three sons: Jess, Benjamin, and Alexander, with his first wife, Bonnie Gupta, and one stepson from his marriage to Laurel Gupta.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ferris |first=Sarah |title=Vinod Gupta - Newsroom |url=http://blogs.gwhatchet.com/newsroom/tag/vinod-gupta/ |access-date=24 October 2016 |website=Blogs.gwhatchet.com |archive-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025044607/http://blogs.gwhatchet.com/newsroom/tag/vinod-gupta/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 June 2013 |title=Entrepreneur and Philanthropist Vinod Gupta Establishes GW Fellowship Program at the U.S. Department of State in Memory of His Son | Office of Media Relations | The George Washington University |url=https://mediarelations.gwu.edu/entrepreneur-and-philanthropist-vinod-gupta-establishes-gw-fellowship-program-us-department-state |access-date=24 October 2016 |website=Mediarelations.gwu.edu |archive-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025061338/https://mediarelations.gwu.edu/entrepreneur-and-philanthropist-vinod-gupta-establishes-gw-fellowship-program-us-department-state |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=General Colin L. Powell Letter | News | Ben Gupta Living Memorial |url=http://bengupta.org/tributes/view/general_colin_l._powell_letter/ |access-date=24 October 2016 |website=Bengupta.org |archive-date=27 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927141015/http://bengupta.org/tributes/view/general_colin_l._powell_letter/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the late 2000s, Gupta's son Benjamin Kane Gupta was hired by the [[State Department]] as an intern during Hillary Clinton's term as Secretary of State.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 June 2014 |title=Who Is Vinod Gupta? | |url=http://www.americanlibertyreport.com/articles/who-is-vinod-gupta/ |access-date=24 October 2016 |website=Americanlibertyreport.com |archive-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025044403/http://www.americanlibertyreport.com/articles/who-is-vinod-gupta/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Benjamin Gupta was 28 years old when he died due to complications resulting from an accidental "acute mixed drug intoxication" consisting of [[oxycodone]] and alcohol.<ref name="gwhatchetmix">{{cite web |last=Anand |first=Priya |date=9 February 2012 |title=Mix of drug, alcohol led to death of law student |url=http://www.gwhatchet.com/2012/02/09/mix-of-drug-alcohol-led-to-death-of-law-student/ |access-date=24 October 2016 |publisher=The GW Hatchet |archive-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025044719/http://www.gwhatchet.com/2012/02/09/mix-of-drug-alcohol-led-to-death-of-law-student/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At a memorial service attended by both Hillary and Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton noted that Ben "really showed us what a life well-lived would look like,"<ref name="gwhatchetmix" /> while Bill stated that "some people live four times as long and don't do as much good."<ref>{{cite web |title=Legacy | Ben Gupta Living Memorial |url=http://www.bengupta.com/legacy |access-date=24 October 2016 |website=Bengupta.com |archive-date=21 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421091728/http://www.bengupta.com/legacy |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Vinod}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American businesspeople]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:University of Nebraska alumni]]
[[Category:People from Saharanpur district]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:1946 births]]

Rampur Maniharan

2024-12-16T12:52:38Z

171.76.2.194:

{{Other uses|Rampur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rampur Maniharan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.805|N|77.452|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 22,551
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=116783|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 247451
| registration_plate = UP-11
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| blank_name_sec1 = Airport
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Sarsawa Airport]]
}}
'''Rampur Maniharan''' is a [[tehsil]] and a [[nagar palika]] in [[Saharanpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

Rampur Maniharan is situated 15 km from [[Saharanpur]] on the [[National Highway 709B (India)|NH 709B]] and has bus and rail connections to [[Delhi]]. There are several colleges in Rampur Maniharan, including the [[Ram Rati Gupta Polytechnic]]. Students from many different states attend for higher education in agriculture and sciences. There are many medical facilities in this town.

==Demographics==

{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rampur Maniharan had a population of 22,551. Males constitute 52.53% of the population and females 47.46%. Rampur Maniharan has an average literacy rate of 73.15%, slightly lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 80.49%, and female literacy is 64.98%. In Rampur Maniharan, 14.51% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Saharanpur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Saharanpur district]]

{{Saharanpur-geo-stub}}

Ram Naresh Yadav

2024-12-16T12:45:43Z

171.76.2.194:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1928–2016)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|birth_name =
|name = Ram Naresh Yadav
|image = Ram Naresh Yadav.jpg
|order = 16th
|office = Governor of Madhya Pradesh
|term_start = 8 September 2011
|term_end = 7 September 2016
|1blankname = Chief Minister
|1namedata = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|predecessor = [[Rameshwar Thakur]]
|successor = [[Om Prakash Kohli]] {{small|(Additional Charge)}}
|office1 = [[List of Governors of Chhattisgarh|Governor of Chhattisgarh]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|term_start1 = 19 June 2014
|1blankname1 = Chief Minister
|1namedata1 = [[Raman Singh]]
|predecessor1 = [[Shekhar Dutt]]
|successor1 = [[Balram Das Tandon]]
|term_end1 = 14 July 2014
|order2 = 10th
|office2 = Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
|term_start2 = 23 June 1977
|term_end2 = 28 February 1979
|predecessor2 = [[President's rule]]
|successor2 = [[Banarsi Das]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1928|07|01}}
|birth_place = [[Azamgarh]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]] (now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2016|11|22|1928|7|1}}
|death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|otherparty = [[Janata Party]]
|spouse =Shrimat Anari Devi Yadav
|children = Five daughters and three sons
|alma_mater =
|website =
|blank1 = Awards
|data1 =
}}
'''Ram Naresh Yadav''' (1 July 1928 – 22 November 2016) was an Indian politician who was [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] from 1977 to 1979. He was from [[Janata Party]]; later he joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. He served as [[Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister]] under the Babu Banarasi Das government from 1979 to 1980. He served as [[Deputy leader]] of Rajya Sabha in 1989. He also served as [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]] from 26 August 2011 to 7 September 2016.

==Personal life==
He was born on 1 July 1928 at [[Azamgarh]] in Uttar Pradesh. He belonged to a middle-class family. His father was a teacher. Ram Naresh Yadav was a successful lawyer in Azamgarh court. He died on 22 November 2016 in Lucknow. <ref>{{cite news|title=Veteran Congress leader Ram Naresh Yadav passes away |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Veteran-Congress-leader-Ram-Naresh-Yadav-passes-away/article16674929.ece |publisher= [[The Hindu]] |work =Omar Rashid |date=22 November 2016 |accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=pradesh18>{{cite news|title=Even for 'political survivor' Ram Naresh Yadav, Vyapam taint too big to play down |url=http://english.pradesh18.com/news/bihar/even-for-political-survivor-ram-naresh-yadav-vyapam-taint-too-big-to-play-down-692303.html |publisher= [[News18 India]] |work=Vivek Trivedi |date=27 February 2015 |accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref>

==Political career==
Ram Naresh Yadav was interested in social work and was close to socialist leader [[Raj Narain]].{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} He entered the [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]] [[Lok Sabha]] in [[1977 Indian general election|1977]] from [[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh constituency]]. He was considered a modest and a low-profile politician.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

He became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on 23 June 1977, and remained on the post till 28 February 1979. On 25 February 1979, he failed to secure a [[vote of confidence]]. [[Banarsi Das]] was elected in his place and became Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgUE24CubJcC&q=%22Ram%20Naresh%20Yadav%22%20chief%20minister&pg=PA361|title=Encyclopaedia Of Political Parties|first=Om Prakash|last=Ralhan|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Anmol Publ.|isbn=9788174888655|via=Google Books}}</ref>

In [[2004 Indian general election|2004 general elections]], he contested from Azamgarh constituency on Indian National Congress ticket, but lost to [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]'s [[Ramakant Yadav (politician)|Ramakant Yadav]].<ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 2004 TO THE 14th LOK SABHA |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |publisher= [[Election Commission of India]] |page=316 |accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref> On 26 August 2011, he was appointed Governor of Madhya Pradesh by the [[President of India]], [[Pratibha Patil]], on the recommendation of the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] government.<ref name=pradesh18/>

==Alleged involvement in Vyapam scam==
On February 24, 2015, Madhya Pradesh [[Special Task Force (India)|Special Task Force]] (STF) filed an [[First Information Report|FIR]] against Yadav for his alleged role in the multi-crore Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board (MPPEB) scam ([[Vyapam scam]]).<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Vyapam-scam-FIR-filed-against-MP-governor/articleshow/46358084.cms Vyapam scam: FIR filed against MP governor], The Times of India, February 24, 2015</ref> He was charged with rigging the forest guard recruitment examination, conducted by Vyapam, and booked under the Information Technology Act and the Prevention of Corruption Act. The FIR was registered after an MP High Court hearing where Chief Justice A M Khanvilkar and Justice [[Alok Aradhe]] said STF can freely proceed against any "high dignitary".<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150225/nation-current-affairs/article/mp-governor-ram-naresh-yadav-asked-resign-home-ministry MP Governor Ram Naresh Yadav asked to resign by Home Ministry], The Deccan Chronicle, February 25, 2015</ref> Yadav moved the high court citing constitutional immunity, which subsequently in April asked STF to "observe complete protocol", the Governor being the Head of the State. The head of the special investigative team (SIT) probing the scam said that action will be taken after his retirement in September, 2016.<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/politics/god-save-governor-despite-vyapam-scam-taint-ram-yadav-enjoy-modi-govts-favour-2328888.html God save the governor: Despite Vyapam scam taint why does Ram Yadav enjoy Modi govt's favour?], Firstpost.com, July 6, 2015</ref> Meanwhile, a group of lawyers filed a petition in [[Supreme Court of India]], seeking removal of Yadav and recording his statement in the case. A bench comprising [[Chief Justice of India]] [[H. L. Dattu]] and Justices [[Arun Kumar Mishra]] and [[Amitava Roy]] agreed to hear the petition on July 9.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/vyapam-scam-sc-agrees-to-hear-plea-seeking-removal-of-mp-governor/ Vyapam scam: SC agrees to hear plea seeking removal of MP Governor Ram Naresh Yadav], The Indian Express, July 6, 2015</ref>

Earlier in 2013, STF arrested his former [[Officer on Special Duty (India)|OSD]] Dhanraj Yadav in connection with the scam. Also, his son Shailesh was an accused in the MPPEB contractual teachers' recruitment exam, and reportedly died of a brain haemorrhage in March, at Yadav's [[Lucknow]] residence.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/madhya-pradesh-governors-son-found-dead-in-his-room/99/ MP Governor’s son, accused in Vyapam scam, reportedly dies of brain hemorrhage], The Indian Express, March 26, 2015</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ram Naresh Yadav ministry (1977–79)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140721050934/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/CHIEF%20MINISTERS.HTM Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Chandrajit Yadav]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh]]|years=1977–1978}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mohsina Kidwai]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Governors of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Governors of Chhattisgarh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Ram Naresh}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Azamgarh]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Governors of Chhattisgarh|R]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Janata Party]]
[[Category:Governors of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Party (Secular) politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Azamgarh district]]