wiki143 - User contributions [en]

Vepr

2025-04-14T18:29:01Z

167.37.249.4: removed unnecessary " 's " on space agency.

{{about|the Ukrainian assault rifle|the Russian hunting rifle|Molot Vepr|the Russian shotgun|Vepr-12}}
{{other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name=Vepr
| image= File:Вепрь-1.jpg
| image_size = 250px
|caption= Vepr-1
|origin= [[Ukraine]]
|type=[[Bullpup]] [[Assault rifle]]

|is_ranged=Yes

|service=
|used_by=
|wars=

|designer= S. Naumov<ref name=autogenerated2>С. Наумов. Украинский "Вепрь" // журнал "Оружие и охота", № 12, 2016</ref>
|design_date=2001<ref name=Salyk>{{cite web |title=Директор Наукового центру точного машинобудування Олександр Селюков продемонстрував перший український автомат "Вепр" на сьогоднішній прес-конференції в УНІАН у Києві |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/907054.html |website=Радіо свобода |publisher=radiosvoboda.org|date=29 August 2003 |access-date=2 May 2022 |language=uk }}</ref>–2003<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|manufacturer= [[State Space Agency of Ukraine|National Space Agency]]<br />R&D Center for precision engineering<ref>"''Как заявил журналистам директор Киевского научного центра точного машиностроения Александр Селюков, автомат "Вепрь" разрабатывался два года в рамках заказа украинского военного ведомства''"<br/>[http://lenta.ru/world/2003/09/04/kalash/ Украина выпустила "пиратскую" версию автомата Калашникова] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509044700/http://lenta.ru/world/2003/09/04/kalash |date=2014-05-09 }} // LENTA.RU от 4 сентября 2003</ref>
|production_date=
|number=
|variants=

|weight=3.45 [[Kilogram|kg]]<ref name=Salyk />
|length=702 mm<ref name=Salyk />
|part_length=415 mm<ref name=Salyk />
|width=
|height=
|diameter=

|caliber=[[5.45×39mm]]<ref name=autogenerated2 />
|action=[[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], [[rotating bolt]]
|rate=600–650 rounds/min
|velocity=
|range=
|max_range=
|feed=30-round detachable box [[Magazine (firearms)|magazine]]<ref name=autogenerated2 />
|sights=[[Iron sight]]s
}}

The '''Vepr''' ({{langx|uk|Вепр||[[wild boar]]}}) is the first Ukrainian-made [[assault rifle]], designed in 1993–1994 by the [[State Space Agency of Ukraine]] and announced in 2003.<ref name="autogenerated2" />

==History==
Prior to the development of the Vepr, the personnel of the [[Military of Ukraine|Armed Forces of Ukraine]] were equipped mainly with the Soviet [[AKM]] and [[AK-74]] [[assault rifle]] designs.

In 1993, specialists of the artillery base of the Ministry of Defense in Nizhyn (Chernihiv region) on the initiative began work on the creation of a machine gun "bullpup" on the basis of the [[RPK]] with a charge of 7.62 × 39. In 1994, a machine gun was created, which was named "Vepr" (Boar) model № 1.<ref name="UAVZ">{{cite web |title=Перший український «булпап»: «Вепр» зразок №1 |url=https://zbroya.info/uk/blog/14820_pershii-ukrayinskii-bulpap-vepr-zrazok-1/ |website=ZBROYA.info |publisher=УАВЗ |access-date=2 May 2022 |language=uk |date=13 February 2018}}</ref>

In 1994, samples № 2 and № 3 were also developed on the basis of RPK-74 5.45 × 39 mm and AKM 7.62 × 39 mm. Later, the [[SKS]] carbine was redesigned - № 4. The cost of processing one unit of standard weapon into a “bullpup” at that time was ₴300.<ref name="UAVZ" />

Anatoly Anatolyev, Vladimir Sheiko, Andrey Zharkov patented their invention, but in 2001 the Nizhyn designers were summoned by management and ordered to transfer all documentation from the project to the Kyiv Radio Plant for completion.

The first Vepr rifle was shown on 28 August 2003.<ref>[https://photo.unian.ua/photo/7560-oleksandr-selyukov-demonstruye-pershiy-ukrajinskiy-avtomat-vepr Олександр Селюков демонструє перший український автомат ”Вепр”] // УНІАН 28 серпня 2003</ref> Only ten Veprs were made until 9 October 2004.<ref name=autogenerated1>"''Уже сделано десять опытных экземпляров «Вепря». Их стоимость довольна высока, но когда начнется серийное производство, цена не превысит 200 долларов. Будем брать «калашниковы», хранящиеся в больших количествах на складах, разбирать их и делать из этих «заготовок» «Вепри»''."<br/>Виктор Осипчук. [http://fakty.ua/64107-unikalnyj-pricel-novejshego-ukrainskogo-avtomata-quot-vepr-quot-pozvolyaet-dazhe-neumelomu-strelku-popast-v-kopeechnuyu-monetu-s-rasstoyaniya-100-metrov Уникальный прицел новейшего украинского автомата «вепрь» позволяет даже неумелому стрелку попасть в копеечную монету с расстояния 100 метров] // "Факты" от 6 октября 2004</ref>

==Design==
It is one of several [[bullpup]] conversions of the conventional Soviet [[Kalashnikov rifle|AK]]-family design, along with the Polish Kbk wz. 2005 Jantar, the Chinese [[Norinco Type 86S]], the Russian [[OTs-14 Groza]] and the Finnish [[Valmet M82]].

Although the Vepr has been proclaimed as a revolutionary upgrade to the [[AK-74]], it is, in fact, an interesting yet fairly simple modification of the basic AK-74 system in a [[bullpup]] design, with the following modifications:
*The standard [[gas-operated]], [[rotating-bolt]] AK-74 mechanism is removed from its furniture and a new butt plate is mounted directly on the rear of the receiver.
*A polymer cheek rest is fitted to the receiver cover.
*The trigger and pistol grip are placed in front of the magazine.
*The cocking handle is removed from the bolt carrier and a new cocking handle arrangement is placed on the left side of the forearm.

===Common characteristics with the AK-74===
The weapon still fires [[5.45×39mm]] ammunition from 30-round magazines at an approximate rate of fire of 600 to 650 rounds per minute, the barrel length remains the same and the muzzle brake has been retained, which suggests that the Vepr's ballistic performance should be identical to that of the AK-74.

The weapon's weight is almost the same as that of the [[AK-74#Variants|AK-74M variant]], and its length is comparable to that of a folding-stock AK with the stock folded.

The main advantage of the bullpup layout thus lies in the fact that the weapon becomes much shorter and thus easier to store, to carry and to handle in confined spaces.

However, the bullpup's overall superiority to conventional rifle configurations, in which the magazine and chamber are in front of the trigger and pistol grip rather than behind, [[Bullpup#Criticism|has yet to be seen]].

===Right-handed use===
The Vepr's only serious readily-visible drawback seems to be the fact that its layout, as that of the British [[SA80]], does not favour ambidextrous operation, for three reasons:
*Like the AK-74, the weapon still ejects to the right, which becomes a problem because a right-ejecting [[bullpup]] weapon, held left-handed, presents the ejection port directly against the operator's face;
*Notably, the standard Kalashnikov-type combined safety lever / fire selector lever arrangement has not been revised. In the original weapon, the selector lever was noted for its relatively uncommon safe-auto-semi options sequence (rather than the typical safe-semi-auto), but the only real problems were that the lever was made infamous for its characteristic "Kalashnikov [[Onomatopoeia|Clack]]" and it could not be operated without letting go of either the pistol grip or the forearm. The use of the same selector lever in a bullpup configuration adds further problems: the lack of any other form of fire selector device, which would ideally be placed as close to the trigger as possible, results in awkward handling with the weapon shouldered, especially when holding it left-handed;
*The charging handle is still placed to one side, now favouring right-handed operators but making it difficult to work the cocking handle with the right hand while holding the weapon left-handed.

===Accessories===
The Vepr includes adjustable [[open sights]] and a conventional side mount, on the left, for day or night scopes.

The front sight is strikingly similar to that of the American [[M16 rifle|M16]] series of rifles. A relatively large [[red dot sight]] of Ukrainian production can also be fitted as standard.

The latest versions of the Vepr also include an integral [[40 mm grenade|40mm]] underslung grenade launcher, with a dual [[Trigger (firearms)|trigger]] layout in which the front trigger fires the grenade launcher and the rear trigger fires the rifle.

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Вепрь-1.jpg
File:VEPR4.png
File:VEPR7.png
File:VEPR6.png
File:VEPR3.png
File:VEPR5.png
</gallery>

== Adoption ==
Ukraine's Ministry of Defense declared intentions to purchase thousands of Veprs by 2010 but by March 2014 there were no Veprs in use by the Ukrainian Army.<ref>"''Киевский Научно-технический центр точного машиностроения создал автомат «Вепрь», украинскую модификацию АК-47 – автомата Калашникова. Но в арсенале украинской армии этого оружия нет.''"<br />Екатерина Гребеник. [http://forbes.ua/nation/1366648-ukrainskij-arsenal-s-chem-strana-mozhet-pojti-na-vojnu Украинский арсенал: с чем страна может пойти на войну] // Forbes.UA от 5 марта 2014</ref>

As the political tides in Ukraine are moving towards a [[NATO]] and possibly a [[European Union]] membership, and since 2009 a well-launched Ukrainian gun manufacturer ([[RPC Fort]]) is offering on the Ukrainian market firearms in "western" calibers such as the Israeli [[IWI Tavor|Tavor]] assault rifle,<ref>[http://fort.vn.ua/produkcya/shturmovue_vintovki_tavor_kal_5569mm/ The Tavor assault rifle at "RPC Fort" website (Ukrainian)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125000429/http://fort.vn.ua/produkcya/shturmovue_vintovki_tavor_kal_5569mm/|date=January 25, 2009}}</ref> [[IWI Negev]] light machinegun<ref>[http://fort.vn.ua/produkcya/pulemetu/ The Negev SAW at the "RPC Fort" website (Ukrainian)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110010541/http://fort.vn.ua/produkcya/pulemetu/|date=January 10, 2009}}</ref> and [[IMI Galil|Galil]] sniper rifle,<ref>[http://fort.vn.ua/produkcya/snayperskie_vintovki/ The Galil sniper rifle at the "RPC Fort" website (Ukrainian)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110010546/http://fort.vn.ua/produkcya/snayperskie_vintovki/|date=January 10, 2009}}</ref> the future of this weapon in Ukrainian service may be in jeopardy.

In March 2019, it was announced that the [[National Police of Ukraine]] would replace Kalashnikov assault rifles with [[HK MP5]] submachine guns.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 March 2019 |title=Нацполіція вирішила замінити автомати Калашникова німецькими MP5 (The National Police decided to replace the Kalashnikov with German MP5) |url=https://lb.ua/news/2019/05/15/426893_ukrainskaya_politsiya_nachala_menyat.html |access-date=2 May 2022 |website=LB.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref>[https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/6256371 Полиция Украины откажется от автоматов Калашникова в пользу немецких MP5] // ТАСС от 25 марта 2019</ref> As of 2024, most Ukrainian personnel still use [[AK-74]]s.

The failure of the Vepr to be adopted led to the creation of the [[Malyuk]].<ref name="UDR2AJ15">{{Cite book |last= |url=https://issuu.com/ukrainian_defense_review/docs/udr-02-2015_issue__1_ |title=Our goal is to have the Malyuk Rifle replace Soviet-designed 5.45/7.62mm AK weapons in Ukraine |date=April–June 2015 |work=Ukrainian Defense Review |volume=2 |page=47 |access-date=March 23, 2022 |issue=April-June 2015}} </ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* M. R. Popenker. [http://modernfirearms.net/ru/avtomaty-shturmovye-vintovki/ukraina-avtomaty-i-shturmovye-vintovk/vepr/ Vepr assault rifle (Ukraine)] / Modern Firearms website
* [http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=2705680&cat_id=32598 Experts with center for army, conversion and disarmament studies say Ukraine has good chances for getting established on international market of individual firearms] / Ukrainian Government Portal 9 September 2003 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20070930064542/http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=2705680&cat_id=32598 Archived Page])
* [http://www.moddb.com/mods/5453/point-of-existence-2/images/45138/ukrainian-made-vepr-assault-rifle Vepr assault rifle featured in Point of Existence: 2]

{{AK47 derivatives}}
{{Bullpup firearms}}

[[Category:Assault rifles of Ukraine]]
[[Category:5.45×39mm assault rifles]]
[[Category:Bullpup rifles]]
[[Category:Kalashnikov derivatives]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]

National Research Council Canada

2025-04-10T17:10:10Z

167.37.249.4:

{{Short description|Canadian national research organization}}
{{Update|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = National Research Council Canada
| nativename = Conseil national de recherches Canada
| logo = National Research Council (Canada) logo.svg
| logo_width =
| image = Image:CNDNRC Sign Ottawa.jpg
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width = 150px
| seal_caption =
| formed = {{start date and age|1916}}
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Canada]]
| headquarters = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| employees = 4,117
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Anita Anand]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Minister of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development]]
| chief1_name = Mitch Davies
| chief1_position = President
| keydocument1 = ''[https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-15/ National Research Council Act]''
| website = {{URL|https://nrc.canada.ca/en|nrc.canada.ca}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''National Research Council Canada''' ('''NRC'''; {{langx|fr|Conseil national de recherches Canada}})<ref>Both forms are in use since at least 1989. Treasury Board of Canada, ''Administrative Policy Manual, Chapter 470, “Federal Identity Program”, appendix A, Titles of organizations'', 1989. See these references from the Translation Bureau: [https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2source?lang=eng&srchtxt=NRC&i=1&index=ent&src_id=CIHR-1-WWW2020,CTB-581989,SRCL94758107&rlang=en&titl=National%20Research%20Council%20Canada&fchrcrdnm=1#resultrecs ...Canada] [https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2source?lang=fra&srchtxt=NRC&i=1&index=ent&src_id=CTB-581989&rlang=en&titl=National%20Research%20Council%20of%20Canada&fchrcrdnm=1#resultrecs ...of Canada].</ref> is the primary national agency of the [[Government of Canada]] dedicated to science and technology [[research and development]].{{Sfn|Government of Canada|nd}} It is the largest federal research and development organization in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|website=National Research Council Canada|date=2019-04-01|title=About the NRC|url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/about-nrc|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref>

The [[Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry|Minister of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development]] is responsible for the NRC.{{Sfn|Government of Canada|nd}}

== Mandate ==
NRC is an [[Government agency|agency]] of the [[Government of Canada]], and its mandate is set out in the ''[[National Research Council Act]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-15/|title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, National Research Council Act|website=Legislative Services Branch|date=June 29, 2021}}</ref>

Under the Act, the NRC is responsible for:
* Undertaking, assisting or promoting scientific and industrial research in fields of importance to Canada;
* Providing vital scientific and technological services to the research and industrial communities;
* Investigating standards and methods of measurement;
* Working on the standardization and certification of scientific and technical apparatus, instruments and materials used or usable by Canadian industry;
* Operating and administering any astronomical observatories established or maintained by the Government of Canada;
* Establishing, operating and maintaining a national science library; and
* Publishing and selling or otherwise distributing such scientific and technical information as the Council deems necessary.
Over 5,000 people across Canada are employed by the NRC. In addition, the NRC also employs guest workers from universities, companies, and public and private-sector organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210035840/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/aboutUs/facts_e.html|url-status=dead|title=Home |website =National Research Council Canada|date=April 1, 2019|archive-date=December 10, 2006}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:National Research Council Canada Laboratories 2014 p2.jpg|thumb|NRC laboratories on Sussex Drive in Ottawa]]{{More citations needed section|date=August 2020}}

=== Between World War I and II ===
The National Research Council was established in 1916,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/history |title= History |date= 4 March 2019 |publisher=National Research Council of Canada |access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> under the pressure of [[Canada in World War I|World War I]], to advise the government on matters of science and industrial research. In 1932, laboratories were built on [[Sussex Drive]] in [[Ottawa]] and the Medical Research Committee was formed with Dr. [[Frederick Banting]] as the inaugural Chair.

With the impetus of [[Canada in World War II|World War II]], the NRC grew rapidly and for all practical purposes, became a [[military science]] and weapons research organization. It undertook a number of important projects, which included participation with the [[United States]] and [[United Kingdom]], in the development of chemical and germ warfare agents, the explosive [[RDX]], the proximity fuse, [[radar]], and submarine detection techniques. Many inventions and innvoations during this period and beyond drew upon the skills of engineer [[George Klein (inventor)|George J. Klein]], who is often touted as the most productive inventor in Canada during the 20th century. A special branch, known as the Examination Unit, was involved with cryptology and the interception of enemy radio communications. According to the [[Canadian Security Intelligence Service]] website, the NRC headquarters in Ottawa "was a prime espionage target" during the [[Cold War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wikipedia.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609061150/http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/en/about_us/history_artifacts/artifacts/art_intro_004.asp |archive-date=2007-06-09 |title= The National Research Council headquarters in Ottawa |publisher=Canadian Security Intelligence Service |access-date=2009-06-18 }}</ref> The NRC was also engaged in [[atomic fission]] research at the [[Tube Alloys#Montreal Laboratory|Montreal Laboratory]], and later the [[Chalk River Laboratories]] in Ontario.

=== Post-World War II ===
Post-WWII, the NRC reverted to its pre-war civilian role, and a number of wartime activities were spun off to newly formed organizations. Military research continued under a new organization, the [[Defence Research and Development Canada|Defence Research Board]], while inventions with commercial potential were transferred to the newly formed [[Canadian Patents and Development Limited]]; and atomic research went to the newly created [[Atomic Energy of Canada Limited]]. Foreign signals intelligence gathering officially remained with the agency when, by Order in Council, the Examination Unit became the Communications Branch of the NRC in 1946. The CBNRC was transferred to the [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]] in 1975, and renamed the [[Communications Security Establishment]]. During the 1950s, the medical research funding activities of the NRC were handed over to the newly formed [[Canadian Institutes of Health Research|Medical Research Council of Canada]].

By 1960, the Medical Research Committee had separated from the National Research Council, forming the Medical Research Council of Canada (which dissolved upon the creation of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [ and the initial withdrawal from the National Reserve in 1997 (see Budget Implementation Act 1997), which was invested for three years and became life, along with CIHR in 2000 (see CIHR Act).

On 1 May 1978, with the rapid post-war growth of Canadian universities, the NRC's role in university research funding in the natural sciences was passed under the [[GOSA Act]] to the [[NSERC|Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada]].

Under financial pressure in the 1980s, the federal government produced what popularly became known as the [[Neilson Report]], which recommended across-the-board financial cuts to all federal government organizations, including the NRC.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} This led to staff and program cutbacks. By 1985, however, two entities emerged from the National Research Council: the Social Science and Humanities Research Council (see SSHRC Act) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (See NSERC Act). The emergence of these Councils, for all material reasons, took over funding from the Federal Government and is responsible for relaying that to Academic Institutions, Academic hospitals and Research Institutions under the Agreement on the Administration of Agency Grants and Awards by Research Institutions, administered by a Secretariat (on the Responsible Conduct of Research).

=== 21st century ===
In 2000, there were about 1000 NRC researchers with [[PhDs]] conducting research in many areas.{{Sfn|Schneider|2000}}

Recovery was slow, but the NRC has managed to regain its status as Canada's single most important scientific and engineering research institution among many other [[Canadian government scientific research organizations]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}

As President of the National Research Council Canada, chemist [[Arthur Carty]] revitalized the organization. In 2004, he left the NRC when then prime minister [[Paul Martin]] appointed him as independent, non-partisan advisor on science and technology.{{Sfn|Nature|2008|page=866}}

In April 2010 Mr. John McDougal of Edmonton, Alberta was appointed President of the NRC by the Stephen Harper Government<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2010/04/announcements-john-mcdougall-appointed-president-nrc.html |date=2010 | title =John McDougall appointed president of NRC }}</ref>

Around June 2014, the NRC was reportedly penetrated by Chinese state-sponsored hackers.<ref name="forced">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |title=How the US Forced China to Quit Stealing—Using a Chinese Spy |url=https://www.wired.com/story/us-china-cybertheft-su-bin/ |first=Garrett M. |last=Graff |date=October 11, 2018 |quote=Around the same time when the FBI was asking for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police’s help in detaining Su Bin, according to The Globe and Mail, Canada was responding to a massive attack by state-sponsored Chinese hackers who had penetrated the network of its National Research Council, which leads the country’s research and development efforts. (China denied the accusation.)}}</ref>

The tenure of [[John R. McDougall (Petroleum Engineer)|John McDougall]] as President of the NRC (2010–2016) was marked by a number of controversies. His presidency was characterized by a dramatic drop in publications and patents,<ref name="Ottawa Citizen">{{cite web|date=2016-04-09|title=Science minister responds after NRC shakeup, but with few details|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/science-minister-responds-after-nrc-shakeup-but-with-few-details|access-date=2018-11-23|website=Ottawa Citizen}}</ref> by significant cuts in scientific staff,<ref name="Ottawa Citizen 2016">{{cite web|date=2016-09-22|title=NRC's five-year brain drain dealt 'a serious whack' to research|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/nrcs-five-year-brain-drain-dealt-a-serious-whack-to-research|access-date=2018-11-23|website=Ottawa Citizen}}</ref> and by a 23-month period during which NRC management was aware that the organization was contaminating the water table outside its fire-safety testing facility in [[Mississippi Mills, Ontario]], with [[perfluorinated chemicals]] used in [[firefighting foams]] and did not inform that community's inhabitants.<ref name=foam>{{cite news|date=May 26, 2016|title=NRC employees told to drink bottled water 2 years before neighbours warned|publisher=[[CBC News]]|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/nrc-drinking-water-mississippi-mills-toxic-chemicals-1.3601591|access-date=December 31, 2019}}</ref> John McDougall's departure – signalled by a sudden, three-line email to employees in March 2016 announced that he was going on personal leave. During this time Maria Aubrey, Vice President of the NRC, filled the role as Acting President.<ref name="ottawacitizen.com">{{cite web|date=4 April 2016|title=National Research Council president on leave, no reason given|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/national-research-council-president-on-leave-no-reason-given|access-date=5 April 2018|website=ottawacitizen.com}}</ref> Effective August 24, 2016, Iain Stewart became the new President of the NRC.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Iain Stewart |website= National Research Council of Canada |url=https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/about/corporate_overview/biographies/iain_stewart.html |access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> The details regarding McDougall's personal leave were not publicly disclosed.

Under [[Minister of Science]] [[Kirsty Duncan]], the Trudeau government changed the focus of the NRC, to develop partnerships with private and public-sector technology companies, both nationally and internationally.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} Under the previous federal [[Minister of State (Science and Technology)]], [[Gary Goodyear]], the NRC became in the words of one wag a "toolbox for industry" and dented basic-research infrastructure.<ref name="jhts">{{cite news |last1=Himelfarb |first1=Jordan |title=Federal cabinet shuffle: Gary Goodyear has to go: Himelfarb |url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2013/07/12/federal_cabinet_shuffle_gary_goodyear_has_to_go_himelfarb.html |publisher=Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd |date=12 July 2013 |quote="Goodyear, the minister of state for science and technology, has presided over the most retrograde federal Science and Technology policy in memory. During his tenure, the government shuttered the office of the [[National Science Advisor]], blocked asbestos from a UN hazardous chemicals list on which it clearly belongs, gutted the ''[[Fisheries Act]]'', gutted the ''[[Navigable Waters Protection Act]]'', set out to weaken the ''[[Species at Risk Act]]'', killed the long-form census, eroded [[Environment Canada]]’s ability to monitor climate change, earned an international reputation for muzzling scientists and, at a great potential cost, defunded the world’s leading freshwater research centre... At the same time, changes to our science-funding regime and a makeover of the National Research Council, Canada’s science agency, into a tool box for industry have dented our basic-research infrastructure and damaged our prospects for innovation."}}</ref>

In August 2020 under [[Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry]] [[Navdeep Bains]] and President Iain Stewart, the NRC announced it was building the [[Biologics Manufacturing Centre]], a facility that can produce vaccines and other biologics.<ref name=nrc-bmc>{{cite web |website=National Research Council |title=Biologics Manufacturing Centre |url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/nrc-facilities/biologics-manufacturing-centre |language=en |date=21 December 2020}}</ref> The construction of the facility was started as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Canada's inability to produce COVID-19 Vaccines.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 response: Building the infrastructure |url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/covid-19-response-building-infrastructure |website=nrc.canada.ca |language=en |date=18 September 2020}}</ref> The facility is expected to open in July 2021, and will have a vaccine manufacturing capacity of 2 million does per month.<ref name=nrc-bmc/> In February 2021, the Canadian government has signed a memorandum of understanding with [[Novavax]] to pursue manufacturing its [[NVX-CoV2373]] vaccine at the Biologics Manufacturing Centre.<ref name=nrc-bmc/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/redacted-novavax-covid-19-vaccine-contract-for-canada-released-in-regulatory-filings|title=Redacted Novavax COVID-19 vaccine contract for Canada released in U.S. regulatory filings|newspaper=National Post|date=4 March 2021|last=Tumilty|first=Ryan|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.novavax.com/node/15631/html|website=novavax.com|date=3 March 2021|title=SEC 8-K filing|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref>

In September 2020, President Iain Stewart was shuffled to the troubled [[Public Health Agency of Canada]],<ref name=ctvnew>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-21|title=Public Health Agency of Canada gets new president as current one steps down|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/public-health-agency-of-canada-gets-new-president-as-current-one-steps-down-1.5113718|access-date=2020-10-06|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref> and in December 2020 Bains named [[Mitch Davies]] to fill the vacancy.<ref name="mdp">{{cite news |title=Government of Canada announces new National Research Council President |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2020/12/government-of-canada-announces-new-national-research-council-president.html |publisher=Government of Canada |date=18 December 2020}}</ref>

In October 2021, Iain Stewart returned to his position as President of the National Research Council.<ref name=ctvnews>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-08|title=Public health agency head who was admonished by MPs leaving: PM |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/public-health-agency-head-who-was-admonished-by-mps-leaving-pm-1.5616850|access-date=2022-03-09|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref>

In January 2024, Mitch Davies was appointed as President of the National Research Council following the retirement of Iain Stewart.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Innovation Science and Economic Development Canada |date=2023-12-20 |title=Government of Canada appoints new President of the National Research Council of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/12/government-of-canada-appoints-new-president-of-the-national-research-council-of-canada.html |access-date=2024-01-12 }}</ref>

== Divisions and portfolios ==
Divisions of the NRC include:<ref>{{Cite web|website=National Research Council Canada|date=2019-03-04|title=Organizational structure|url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/corporate-overview|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|website=National Research Council Canada|date=2020-02-06|title=Brochure: National Research Council of Canada|url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/corporate-overview/brochure-national-research-council-canada|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref>
* '''Digital Technologies'''
** [[Artificial intelligence]]
** [[Bioinformatics]]
** [[Blockchain]]
** [[Computer vision]] and [[Computer graphics|graphics]]
** [[Computer security|Cybersecurity]]
** [[Data analysis]] and [[Data modeling|modelling]]
** [[Human–computer interaction]]
** [[Internet of things]]
** [[Natural language processing]]
* '''Emerging Technologies'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Advanced electronics, photonics and digital technologies |website=National Research Council Canada|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/rd/ict/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406041226/https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/rd/ict/index.html|archive-date=2018-04-06|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2015|title=Measurement science and standards |website =National Research Council Canada|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/rd/mss/index.html|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
** Advanced Electronics and Photonics
** [[NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre|Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics]]<ref>{{cite web|website= National Research Council Canada|title=Astronomy and astrophysics |url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/rd/nsi/index.html|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
** Metrology
** Nanotechnology
** Security and Disruptive Technologies<ref>{{cite web|title=Security and disruptive technologies |website =National Research Council Canada|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/rd/security/index.html|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
* '''Engineering'''
** [[Construction engineering|Construction]]
** [[Energy engineering|Energy]], [[Mining engineering|Mining]] and [[Environmental engineering|Environment]]
** [[Ocean Engineering|Ocean]], [[Coastal engineering|Coastal]] and [[River engineering|River Engineering]]
* '''Life Sciences'''
** Aquatic and Crop Resource Development
** Human Health Therapeutics
** Medical Devices
** Clinical Trial Material Facility Project
* '''Transportation and Manufacturing'''
** [[Aerospace]]
** [[Automotive industry in Canada|Automotive]] and [[Surface transportation|Surface Transportation]]
* '''Industrial Research Assistance Program'''
* '''Secretary General'''
* '''Business and Professional Services'''
* '''Corporate Services and Finance'''
* '''Biologics Manufacturing Centre (BMC) Project'''

== Programmes ==
[[Image:Radiant heat panel nrc ottawa.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A [[Thermal radiation|radiant heat]] panel for precision testing of quantified energy exposures at the Institute for Research in Construction of the NRC, near [[Ottawa]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/index_e.html |title=Institute for Research in Construction - NRC-IRC |website=irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913193141/http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/index_e.html |archive-date=13 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
Areas of [[research and development]] at NRC include:<ref name=":0" />
* [[aerospace engineering]] and [[Aerospace manufacturing|manufacturing]]
* [[astronomy]]
* [[High throughput sequencing|high-throughput DNA sequencing]]
* [[photonics]]
* [[biotechnology]]
* [[nanotechnology]]

At one point in January 2018 the NRC had over 30 approved programs, including the following.<ref name="rpco">{{cite web|last=Canada|first=Government of Canada. National Research Council|title=Research programs and collaboration opportunities – National Research Council Canada|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/collaborative/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102181524/https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/collaborative/index.html|archive-date=2 January 2018|access-date=5 April 2018|website=www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca}}</ref>

=== Facilities ===
[[File:Fire house nrc ottawa.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A fire house at the Institute for Research in Construction, used to provide information to aid [[building code]] and fire code development in [[Canada]].<ref name=":1" />]]The following are the NRC's various [[Research center|research centres]] and their areas of R&D:<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=National Research Council Canada|date=2019-03-04|title=Research centres|url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/research-collaboration/research-centres|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=National Research Council Canada|date=2018-08-20|title=Collaboration centres|url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/research-collaboration/collaboration-centres|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref>
* Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Centre – [[semiconducting material]]s and [[Photonics|photonic]] device design
* Aerospace Research Centre – design, manufacturing, performance and maintenance of [[Air vehicle|air]] and [[space vehicle]]s
* Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre – sustainability of foods and other [[Bioproducts|bio-product]] sectors
* Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre – eco-friendly and more economical vehicles
* Canadian Campus for Advanced Materials Manufacturing (CCAMM) – a joint initiative with the [[Xerox Research Centre of Canada]] (XRCC).
* Centre for Research and Applications in Fluidic Technologies (CRAFT) – [[in vitro diagnostics]], [[regenerative medicine]], and [[precision medicine]].
* Collaboration Centre for Clean Energy Transition – in partnership with the [[University of British Columbia]]
* Collaborative Unit for Translational Research – in partnership with [[Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine|CHU Sainte-Justine]]; treatment, analytics, and diagnoses for mothers and children.
* Construction Research Centre – building materials and regulations, fire safety, infrastructure and more
* Cybersecurity Collaboration Consortium – in partnership with the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity ([[University of New Brunswick]]); cybersecurity research and its applications in security, privacy, and safety.
* Digital Technologies Research Centre – artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, blockchain, computer vision, cybersecurity, data analytics, language processing
* Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre – reducing environmental risks and increasing "global competitiveness in the energy and mining sectors."
* [[NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre|Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre]] – [[Observatory|observatories]] and other astronomy and astrophysics infrastructure
* Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre – advanced therapeutics, vaccines and diagnostics technologies
* Karluk Collaboration Space – ocean engineering, technology, and science.
* Medical Devices Research Centre – medical diagnostic technology
* Metrology Research Centre – measurement research and metrological services
* [[National Institute for Nanotechnology|Nanotechnology Research Centre]] – nanotechnology
* NRC-Fields Mathematical Sciences Collaboration Centre
* NRC-uOttawa Joint Centre for Extreme Photonics – in partnership with the [[University of Ottawa]]
* Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Research Centre
* Quantum and Nanotechnologies Research Centre (previously the Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre) – facilities and technical support for nanotechnologies, advanced materials, photonics and quantum technologies

Former facilities:
* [[Chalk River Laboratories]]
* [[Montreal Laboratory]]

=== Algal Carbon Conversion Flagship Program ===
The goal of the '''Algal Carbon Conversion Pilot Program'''{{Sfn|NRC|2013c}} was to develop of an [[algae]] system to recycle [[carbon emissions]] from the [[oil sands]]. It contained plans for a $19-million facility to be constructed in Alberta, in partnership between the NRC, [[Canadian Natural Resources]], and Pond Biofuels.{{Sfn|NRC|2013c}}

In 2008, researchers from five I-CAN organizations were developing a Carbon Algae Recycling System (CARS) to "feed waste heat and flue gas containing {{CO2}} from industrial exhaust stacks to micro-algae growing in artificial ponds."{{Sfn|I-CAN|2008|page=11}} The "Algal Carbon Conversion",{{Sfn|NRC|2013c}} is related to prior interests of NRC President [[John R. McDougall (Petroleum Engineer)|John McDougall]], as he previously headed Innoventures, a company involved in lobbying for the development of an algae system to recycle carbon emissions.{{Sfn|Sixth Estate|2011}}

The NRC was not involved in this area of research prior to the arrival of McDougall.

=== Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship ===
The '''Canadian Wheat Improvement Program''' is a "strategic collaboration with [[Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada]] (AAFC), the [[University of Saskatchewan]]’s Crop Development Centre and the province of Saskatchewan."{{Sfn|NRC|2013e}}{{Sfn|National Research Council Canada|2013}} With a budget of approximately $97 million (2013–2018), the Canadian Wheat Alliance will be conducting research on improving the yield of Canadian wheat crops and on the most efficient use of chemical fertilizers.{{Sfn|National Research Council Canada|2013}} Working with breeders and scientists at the Crop Development Centre and at AAFC, they will be integrating long-term research with genetic improvement of wheat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canadianwheatalliance.ca/ |title=Canadian Wheat Alliance (CWA) |website=canadianwheatalliance.ca}}</ref>

=== Gallium Nitride Electronics Program ===
[[Gallium nitride]] (GaN) is a [[semiconductor]] commonly used in [[light-emitting diode]]s. The '''GaN Electronics Program''' supports partner research and development activities with a goal of ensuring that GaN technology will create wealth and a greener future for Canadians.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/collaborative/gan_index.html |title=Gallium nitride (GaN) Electronics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805231215/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/collaborative/gan_index.html |archive-date=August 5, 2014 |publisher=National Research Council Canada |url-status=dead }}</ref> The NRC is the only Canadian [[foundry]] for GaN electronics, and offers both normally-on and normally-off devices. The GaN500v2 Foundry Design Kit was released on June 28, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/advisory/gan_design_index.html |title=GaN500v2 Design Kit |publisher=National Research Council Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905072551/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/advisory/gan_design_index.html |archive-date=2014-09-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=National Research Council of Canada Announces GaN Design Kit |url=http://www.compoundsemiconductor.net/article/94489-national-research-council-of-canada-announces-gan-design-kit.html |publisher=Compound Semiconductor |date=July 11, 2014 |access-date=December 31, 2019 }}</ref>

=== {{Anchor|Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC IRAP)|Industrial Research Assistance Program|NRC-IRAP}}Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC-IRAP) ===
The '''NRC''' '''Industrial Research Assistance Program''' ('''NRC-IRAP''') was introduced in the 1950s to support product developments in small to medium-sized businesses. The NRC provides grants and financial support to business' looking to bring new and innovative technologies to the market.{{Sfn|NRC|2012a}}

Some of the many innovations by NRC personnel included the [[artificial pacemaker]], development of [[Canola|canola (rapeseed)]] in the 1940s, the [[Crash position indicator|Crash Position Indicator]] in the 1950s, and the Cesium Beam [[atomic clock]] in the 1960s.

Since 1974, Paul Barton of [[PSB Speakers]] used the NRC's world-class measurement facilities, their anechoic chamber. By the 1980s, more companies began to use this resource, develop it further, and tested their loudspeakers at the NRC.{{Sfn|Schneider|2000}} Electrical engineer, Floyd E. Toole, who worked at the NRC was at the centre of this research.{{Sfn|Schneider|2000}} By the year 2000, most companies had their own sound chambers, but Barton continued to use the NRC's facilities. In about 1990, PSB and other Canadian companies worked with the NRC on Athena to evaluate [[digital signal processing]] (DSP) for loudspeaker design.{{Sfn|Schneider|2000}}

{{blockquote|The metal walls of the NRC’s anechoic chamber are located about a foot and a half from the internal walls that surround it. The whole chamber is suspended on springs. This makes it a building within the M-37 building. The purpose of all this is to provide a completely isolated environment that, according to Barton, registers a noise level that is less than 0dB. (0dB is a statistical average of the lowest level of human hearing.) Wedges made from fibreglass are inside the chamber, and they help create the reflection-free environment. No sound gets in, none gets out, and what occurs within gets completely absorbed with nary a bounce.|Schneider|2000}}

From 2002 to 2006, [[John R. McDougall]], who was appointed President of the NRC in 2010, was a member of the NRC-IRAP Advisory Board.{{Sfn|Genome Canada|2014}} In 2011, [[Bev Oda]], the [[Minister of International Cooperation (Canada)|Minister of International Cooperation]], and [[Gary Goodyear]], [[Minister of State (Science and Technology)]], announced the grant recipients. These included small to medium-sized businesses, such as, Nortek Solutions a privately owned Canadian software company. They received a $30,000 grant from the NRC to hire a young graphics design graduate to work on their "CUROS" people management software. Oasys Healthcare, a company that provides "innovative audio and video solutions for the medical marketplace" received a $13,000 NRC grant for its new technology for operating rooms. Jeffrey Ross Jewellery's product called Dimples, imprints fingerprints in silver using an innovative process and material, developed through a NRC $35,750 grant.{{Sfn|Alexander|2011}}

===Flight dynamics===
'''NRC's fleet of research and test aircraft'''

The NRC has a fleet of nine aircraft for their research purposes:<ref>{{ cite web | website = National Research Council Canada | url=https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/facilities/research_aircraft.html |title=Research aircraft fleet| date=April 2019 }}</ref><ref name="TCFleet">{{TCregister|GOVERNMENT+OF+CANADA%2c+NATIONAL+RESEARCH+COUNCIL|Government Of Canada, National Research Council|2018-10-16}}</ref>
* [[Bell 412]] – Advanced Systems Research Aircraft and 4-DOF simulator
* [[Bell 204/205|Bell 205]] ([[Bell 205#Bell 205A-1|205A-1]]) – 4-DOF simulator
* [[Bell 206]] ([[Bell 206#Bell 206B|206B]]) – Rotary trainer and advanced vision studies
* [[Canadair CT-133 Silver Star]] ([[Canadair CT-133 Silver Star#Silver Star Mk 3|Mk 3]]) – Vintage fighter jet
* [[Convair CV-240 family|Convair 580]] – Multi-purpose flying laboratory
* [[Dassault Falcon 20|Falcon 20]] (Mystère 20) – Aerospace, geoscience testing and micro gravity testing
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter]] ([[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter#DHC-6 Series 200|Series 200]]) – Atmospheric and biospheric studies, and for flight mechanics and flight systems development
* [[North American T-6 Texan|Harvard]] ([[North American T-6 Texan variants#Harvard 4|4]]) – Trainer and experimental platform for avionics research
* [[Cessna 337]]G - Hybrid Electric Aircraft Testbed (HEAT)
'''NRC's past fleet of research and test aircraft'''

Former aircraft include other models of the nine listed above<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchHsRes.aspx?st=2&m=%7C%7C&cn=%7C%7C&mn=%7C%7C&sn=%7C%7C&cnn=%7CGOVERNMENT+OF+CANADA,+NATIONAL+RESEARCH+COUNCIL%7C&tn=%7C%7C&ln=%7C%7C&fn=%7C%7C&rfr2=RchHs.aspx&print=y&st=2&m=%7C%7C&cn=%7C%7C&mn=%7C%7C&sn=%7C%7C&cnn=%7CGOVERNMENT+OF+CANADA,+NATIONAL+RESEARCH+COUNCIL%7C&tn=%7C%7C&ln=%7C%7C&fn=%7C%7C&rfr2=RchHs.aspx&print=y|title=Canadian Civil Aircraft Register|website= Transport Canada|date=August 28, 2013}}</ref> and the following:{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* [[Extra EA-300|Extra 300]] ([[Extra EA-300#300L|300L]]) – studying pilot perception in a dynamic environment and trainer (Retired in 2019)
* [[Beechcraft Model 18|C-45]] – Atmospheric studies (retired in 1992)
* [[Bell 47]] – Fly by wire and icing studies (last of 3 retired in the mid-1990s)
* [[Canadair North Star]] – Similar work as the Convair 580. (Retired 1974)
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo]] – High wing super [[STOL]] aircraft joint project with [[United States Air Force]]
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk]]
* [[Beechcraft Queen Air]] – Retired from fleet pre 1980
'''Research aircraft'''
* [[NRC tailless glider]]

== Nobel Prizes ==
Several [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates]] have been associated with the NRC at various points of their careers, including:
* [[Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson]], who spent his time at the NRC in the [[Montreal Laboratory|Montreal]] and the [[Chalk River Laboratories|Chalk River laboratories]] (1942–1946)
* [[Dudley R. Herschbach]], formerly an NRC visiting student,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/herschbach/facts/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref> Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* [[John Polanyi]], formerly an NRC postdoctoral Fellow, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* [[Rudolph A. Marcus]], formerly an NRC postdoctoral Fellow, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* [[Sir Harold Kroto]], formerly an NRC postdoctoral Fellow, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* [[Bertram Brockhouse]], who conducted atomic research at Chalk River from 1950 to 1952, and worked at the NRC laboratories in Ottawa (1944–1947)
* [[Sir John Pople]], Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* Sir [[John Cockcroft]], Nobel Prize in Physics
* [[Gerhard Herzberg]], formerly a Director of the Division of Pure Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* [[Donna Strickland]], formerly a Research Associate, Nobel Prize in Physics

== Controversies ==
=== Harper government ===
Under the tenure of Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]], Canadian Government research organizations began to restrict the ability of government scientists to communicate with the public.{{Sfn|Nature|2008|page=866}} This includes restricting scientists within the NRC to communicate with the public through non-scientist communications personnel. Harper's focus as an economist was on his action plan: creating jobs and building the economy. There were widespread concerns that the progress in development was at the cost of the environment.

In 2012, the federal government moved "to defund government research centres in the High Arctic." In the same year National Research Council environmental scientists "were barred from discussing their work on snowfall with the media.<ref name="NYT_closed_mind">{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/opinion/sunday/the-closing-of-the-canadian-mind.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur&_r=0 | title=The Closing of the Canadian Mind | work=New York Times | date=14 August 2015 | access-date=14 August 2015 | author=Stephen Marche | location=Toronto | series=Sunday Review}}</ref>

{{blockquote|"Scientists for the governmental agency Environment Canada, under threat of losing their jobs, were banned from discussing their research without political approval. Mentions of federal climate change research in the Canadian press have dropped 80 per cent. The union that represents federal scientists and other professionals has, for the first time in its history, abandoned neutrality to campaign against Mr. Harper.|''New York Times''}}

The appointment by Harper's Minister of State (Science and Technology) [[Gary Goodyear]] of [[John R. McDougall (Petroleum Engineer)|John McDougall]] as President of the NRC was followed by several controversies:

In 2011, President [[John R. McDougall (Petroleum Engineer)|John McDougall]] began to oversee a change in research focus away from basic research and towards industry-relevant research.{{Sfn|Hoag|2011|page=269}}{{Sfn|NRC|2013a}} This included the development of multiple programs which shifted the research budget out of existing projects and into a number of focused programs.<ref>{{Cite web|website=National Research Council Canada|date=2019-03-04|title=Research centres|url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/research-collaboration/research-centres|access-date=2020-08-28|language=en}}</ref> In October 2012, John McDougall and his appointment, Dr. Ian Potter (VP Business Management), served termination notices to all of the NRC's Business Development Officer's (BDOs) across Canada, which ultimately impacted the majority of the NRC's intellectual property management, patenting, and business development activities conducted at the various NRC's research centres in Canada.

The transformation of the NRC into a research and technology organization that focuses on "business-led research" was part of the Harper government's [[Economic Action Plan]].{{Sfn|Government of Canada|nd}} On 7 May 2013, the NRC launched its new "business approach" in which it offered four business lines: strategic research and development, technical services, management of science and technology infrastructure and NRC-Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP). With these services, the NRC intended to shorten the gap between early stage research and development and commercialization.{{Sfn|Government of Canada|nd}}

During his tenure as president, there was a drop in research publications and new patents from the NRC as the scientific staff was cut significantly.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} An article published in April 2016 and based on information from the office of the Minister of Science gave the following figures for the period 2011–2015: <blockquote>In the five years from 2011 through 2015, the number of studies in academic journals were 1,889, 1,650, 1,204, 1,017 and 549, respectively. (Figures from 2010 and earlier are generally in the 1,200 to 1,300 range.) The number of patents over the period 2011 to 2014 (with no figure available for 2015) are: 205, 251, 128 and 112, respectively. The years before 2011 averaged 250 to 300 patents per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/science-minister-responds-after-nrc-shakeup-but-with-few-details|title=Science minister responds after NRC shakeup, but with few details|date=9 April 2016|website=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> </blockquote>

In 2014 the NRC's computer network was the target of a cyber attack by Chinese infiltrators, which resulted in the NRC's IT network being shut down for an extended period of time.

In September 2016, the office of the Minister of Science released figures showing that from 2010 to 2015, the number of research officers at the NRC fell by 26 per cent, and the number of scientists and engineers of all kinds fell by 22 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/nrcs-five-year-brain-drain-dealt-a-serious-whack-to-research|title=NRC's five-year brain drain dealt 'a serious whack' to research|date=22 September 2016|website=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

McDougall's tenure as president included the period during which the NRC contaminated the water table in the Eastern Ontario community of Mississippi Mills, without informing its inhabitants.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} In January 2014, NRC employees at the fire-safety testing facility in Mississippi Mills were told to start drinking bottled water.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} In December 2015, 23 months later, residents of Mississippi Mills with homes near the facility were warned by the NRC that their well-water was contaminated with toxic chemicals called perfluorinated alkyl substances, often found in firefighting foam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/nrc-drinking-water-mississippi-mills-toxic-chemicals-1.3601591|title=Toxic chemicals used in fire-fighting foam discovered in water in 2013 |website =CBC News|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> In July 2016, Acting President Maria Aubrey formally acknowledged that the NRC's [[National Fire Laboratory]] was the source of the groundwater contamination in Mississippi Mills.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/mayor-says-nrc-admits-its-the-source-of-mississippi-mills-water-contamination|title=NRC admits it's the source of Mississippi Mills water contamination|date=8 July 2016|website=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> In December 2016, it was reported that owners of homes near the lab in Mississippi Mills were launching a multi-million dollar lawsuit against the NRC over water contamination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/mississippi-mills-residents-sue-nrc-for-40m-over-water-contamination|title=Mississippi Mills residents sue NRC for $40M over water contamination|date=6 December 2016|website=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

In March 2016, John McDougall sent a three-sentence email to NRC employees, announcing that he was going on personal leave.<ref name="ottawacitizen.com" /> Subsequently, NRC management announced that two major projects he had led would be abandoned: re-branding the NRC as "CNRCSolutions" – though colourful "CNRCSolutions" T-shirts and "branding books" had already been distributed,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/nrc-not-quite-rebranded|title=NRC 'solutions' rebranding quietly dropped without explanation|date=6 April 2016|website=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> and re-organizing its three research divisions into five research divisions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/nrc-president-mcdougall-officially-departs-but-reasons-are-still-secret|title=NRC president McDougall officially departs — but reasons are still secret|date=29 July 2016|website=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

Effective August 24, 2016 under [[Kirsty Duncan]], Iain Stewart became the new President of the NRC.<ref name="auto" /> The details regarding McDougall's personal leave were not publicly disclosed.

=== Bill C-38 ===
[[Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act|Bill C-38]] angered many people who opposed unregulated industrial growth. They argued that science was being gutted and silenced to open the way for development in ecologically sensitive areas in the north.{{Sfn|Environmental Hansard|2013}}

In June 2012, the federal opposition made a motion in parliament,{{Sfn|Enviro-Hansard|2012}}
{{blockquote|That, in the opinion of the House, Canadian scientific and social science expertise is of great value and, therefore, the House calls on the Government to end its muzzling of scientists; to reverse the cuts to research programs at [[Environment Canada]], [[Fisheries and Oceans Canada]], [[Library and Archives Canada]], National Research Council Canada, [[Statistics Canada]], and the [[Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada]]; and to cancel the closures of the [[National Council of Welfare]] and the [[First Nations Statistical Institute]].|}}

===Thirty Meter Telescope===
[[Thirty Meter Telescope]] (TMT) is a proposed extremely large telescope (ELT) that has become controversial due to its planned location on [[Mauna Kea]], which is considered sacred land according to the native Hawaiians, on the island of Hawaii in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canada.constructconnect.com/dcn/news/projects/2019/07/canadian-government-faces-call-revoke-giant-telescope-project-funding|title=Canadian government faces call to revoke giant telescope project funding|date=29 July 2019|website=canada.constructconnect.com|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> On April 6, 2015, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Canada would commit $243.5 million over a period of 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/canada-finally-commits-its-share-of-funds-for-thirty-meter-telescope-1.3022659|title = Canada finally commits its share of funds for Thirty Meter Telescope|website = CBC News}}</ref> The telescope's enclosure was designed by [[Dynamic Structures|Dynamic Structures Ltd.]] in British Columbia.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/harper-announces-243-million-contribution-for-thirty-meter-telescope-project/article23818767/|title = With $243-million contribution, Canada signs on to mega-telescope in search of first stars and other Earths|website = Globe and Mail|last = Semeniuk|first = Ivan}}</ref>

In an [[online petition]], a group of Canadian academics have called on Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, together with [[Navdeep Bains]] (then [[Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry|Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development]]) and [[Kirsty Duncan]] (then [[Minister for Science (Canada)|Minister Of Science]]) to divest Canadian funding from the project. On July 20, 2019, an online petition titled "A Call to Divest Canada's Research Funding for the Thirty Meter Telescope on Mauna Kea" has been posted on [[Change.org]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-thirty-meter-telescope-dispute-puts-focus-on-canadas-role/|title=Thirty Meter Telescope dispute puts focus on Canada's role|author=Ivan Semeniuk| date=22 July 2019 |website=www.theglobeandmail.com|access-date= 7 December 2019}}</ref>

== Agencies and organizations with special relationships with the NRC ==
Specialized agencies and services which have branched out of the NRC include:
* [[Canadian Space Agency]]
* [[Defence Research and Development Canada]]
* [[Atomic Energy of Canada Limited]]
* [[Canadian Institutes of Health Research]]
* [[Communications Security Establishment]]
* [[Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council]]
* [[Canadian Science Publishing]]

==See also==
* [[National Research Council Time Signal]]
* [[Canadian government scientific research organizations]]
* [[Canadian university scientific research organizations]]
* [[Canadian industrial research and development organizations]]
* [[List of presidents of the National Research Council of Canada]]
* [[Science and technology in Canada]]
* [[Herbert Yardley]] – [[United States|American]] cryptologist who help establish the Examination Unit in 1941
* [[William Arthur Steel]] – headed radio laboratory at the NRC in the 1930s
* [[List of aerospace flight test centres]]
* [[NRC Research Press]]

== References ==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}
===Sources===
* {{citation|publisher=The Uxbridge Cosmos|last=Alexander|first=Jane|url=http://jeffreyross.tumblr.com/image/13565574511|title=Research Council grants help Uxbridge businesses develop new technologies|date=24 November 2011}}
* {{citation|title=House of Commons Debates, 41st Parl, 1st Sess, No 134, 5 June 2012 at 8815|date=5 June 2012|accessdate=11 January 2014|url=http://envirohansard.ca/2012/06/opposition-motion-scientific-and-social-science-expertise-part-ii/|work=Enviro-Hansard|ref={{SfnRef|Enviro-Hansard|2012}}}}
* {{citation|url=http://www.genomecanada.ca/en/about/governance/mcdougall.aspx|title=John R. McDougall: Ex-officio Advisor for Genome Canada|year=2014|work=Genome Canada|accessdate=11 January 2014|ref={{SfnRef|Genome Canada|2014}}|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112003936/http://www.genomecanada.ca/en/about/governance/mcdougall.aspx|archivedate=12 January 2014}}
* {{citation|url=http://actionplan.gc.ca/en/initiative/transforming-national-research-council|title=Transforming the National Research Council|work=Government of Canada|date=n.d.|accessdate=12 January 2013|ref={{SfnRef|Government of Canada|nd}}}}
* {{citation|title=Canadian research shift makes waves|journal=Nature|volume=472|issue=7343|pages=269|date=21 April 2011|first=Hannah|last=Hoag|ref={{SfnRef|Hoag|2011}}|doi=10.1038/472269a|pmid=21512543|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011Natur.472..269H }}
* {{citation|url=http://www.i-can.ca/obj/ican/docs/ican_annual_0809_en.pdf|title=Working Together: Innoventures Canada WORKING Annual Report 2008|year=2008|work=I-CAN|accessdate=11 January 2014|ref={{SfnRef|I-CAN|2008}}|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112015153/http://www.i-can.ca/obj/ican/docs/ican_annual_0809_en.pdf|archivedate=12 January 2014}}
* {{citation|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/news/releases/2013/wheat_nrc.html|title=Canada to improve the yield, sustainability and profitability of Canadian wheat: Canadian Wheat Alliance to support R&D projects to develop new wheat varieties|work=National Research Council Canada|date=16 May 2013|accessdate=12 January 2014|ref={{SfnRef|National Research Council Canada|2013}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113050947/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/news/releases/2013/wheat_nrc.html|archive-date=2014-01-13|url-status=dead}}
* {{citation|title=Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/collaborative/wheat_index.html|work=NRC|date=19 July 2013|accessdate=12 January 2014|ref={{SfnRef|NRC|2013e}}}}
* {{citation|title=Science in retreat:Canada has been scientifically healthy. Not so its government|journal=Nature|series=Editorial|doi=10.1038/451866a|pmid=18288143|date=21 February 2008|volume=452|issue=7181|pages=866|ref={{SfnRef|Nature|2008|page=866}}|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite press release | url=http://www.downes.ca/files/audio/NRC%20Press%20Conference%202013%2005%2007.mp3 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220123/http://www.downes.ca/files/audio/NRC%20Press%20Conference%202013%2005%2007.mp3 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2015-09-23 | title=Open for business: Refocused NRC will benefit Canadian industries (audio) | date=7 May 2013a | accessdate=11 January 2014 | work=NRC | ref={{SfnRef|NRC|2013a}} }}
* {{citation|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/news/releases/2013/algae_nrc.html|title=Government of Canada investing in technology to reduce GHG emissions in the oil sands: Innovative new technology will convert industrial GHG emissions into commercial products|date=10 May 2013|location=Calgary, Alberta|accessdate=11 January 2014|ref={{SfnRef|NRC|2013c}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220202959/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/news/releases/2013/algae_nrc.html|archive-date=2013-12-20|url-status=dead}}
* {{citation|title=About NRC Industrial Research Assistance Program|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/ibp/irap/about/index.html|accessdate=30 March 2012|work=NRC|ref={{SfnRef|NRC|2012a}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415032004/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/ibp/irap/about/index.html|archive-date=15 April 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
* {{citation|url=http://www.soundstagelive.com/factorytours/psbnrc/|date=March 2000|title=A Day at the NRC With Paul Barton of PSB Speakers|first=Doug|last=Schneider|accessdate=11 January 2014|publisher=SoundStage!|ref={{SfnRef|Schneider|2000}}|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103234104/http://www.soundstagelive.com/factorytours/psbnrc/|archivedate=3 November 2012}}
* {{citation|url=http://sixthestate.net/?p=1498#more-1498|title=Another Harper Government Science Appointee Run Amok|work=Sixth Estate|date=14 April 2011|accessdate=11 January 2014|ref={{SfnRef|Sixth Estate|2011}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112070612/http://sixthestate.net/?p=1498#more-1498|archive-date=12 January 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
* {{citation|title=MPs Discussed Cuts to Science and Research|url=http://envirohansard.ca/topic-summary/mps-discussed-cuts-to-science-and-research/|work= Environmental Hansard|date=12 May 2013|institution=Ecojustice Clinic at the University of Ottawa|accessdate=12 January 2014|ref={{SfnRef|Environmental Hansard|2013}}}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|National Research Council Canada}}
* {{official website|http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/}}
* [http://utarms.library.utoronto.ca/ Archival papers held at University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services]

{{Canadian Space Agency}}
{{International Science Council}}
{{Time signal authorities}}
{{Government agencies of Canada}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|45.44623|-75.61698|type:landmark_region:CA|display=title}}

[[Category:National Research Council (Canada)| ]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1916]]
[[Category:Federal departments and agencies of Canada]]
[[Category:Education in Canada]]
[[Category:Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations based in Canada]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Canada]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:Research councils]]
[[Category:Members of the International Council for Science]]
[[Category:Members of the International Science Council]]
[[Category:Sussex Drive]]

Haskell Small

2024-06-10T21:29:32Z

167.37.249.4: Recorded date of death

{{Short description|American musician}}{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Haskell Small
| birth_date = 3 June 1948
| birth_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], USA
| death_date = 1 June 2024
| instrument = piano
| occupation = composer, pianist, music teacher
| alias = Hal Small
| associated_acts = [[Sarah Small]]
}}

'''Haskell "Hal" Small''', born 3 June 1948, is a [[composer]], [[pianist]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=Ed|title=On the 88 for '88; At the Wolf Trap Gala, Celebrating the Piano|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1261527.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000110/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1261527.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-02|accessdate=21 January 2017|newspaper=Washington Post|agency=HighBeam|date=1988}}</ref> and music teacher in [[Washington, D.C.]]

==Musical background==
After starting college as a science and engineering major, Haskell Small began his musical education at the [[San Francisco Conservatory of Music]] and earned a BFA in music from [[Carnegie-Mellon University]] in 1972, where he studied piano under Harry Frankin and composition under Roland Leich. Subsequently, he studied composition privately under [[Vincent Persichetti]], and studied piano privately under [[Theodore Lettvin]], [[Leon Fleisher]] and [[William Masselos]]. Masselos continued as Small's teacher until his death in 1992.

In addition to his mastery of the standard classical repertoire, including works by [[Beethoven]], [[Domenico Scarlatti|Scarlatti]] and [[Schubert]], Small played in [[rock and roll]] bands during his college years, and he integrates [[blues]], [[jazz]] and other modern and postmodern idioms into his compositions.

==Pianist==
Small has given concerts in major European capitals, South America, Japan and China, and was hailed for his "dazzlingly prodigious technique" by England's venerable [[Musical Times]] in 1976. In the United States he has performed in such venues as [[Carnegie Hall]], the [[Kennedy Center]] and the [[Spoleto Festival]]. He was featured in the [[PBS]] special “A Celebration of the Piano" and on [[NPR]]'s "All Things Considered" in 1988. In 21st-century seasons, he has played recitals in Japan, Paris and London and participated in the 2007 Festival of American Music in Poland.

Small has recorded an extensive discography, including a [[George Gershwin]] disc, a Children's CD with narrator Robert Aubry Davis,<ref>{{cite news|last1=McLellan|first1=Joseph|title=Andrea Bocelli, on 'Sacred' Ground; Christmas Day 'Great Performances' Telecast to Spotlight Italian Tenor|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-620231.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000728/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-620231.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-02|accessdate=21 January 2017|newspaper=Washington Post|agency=HighBeam Research|date=1999}}</ref><ref>[[OCLC]] [http://worldcat.org/oclc/43475038 43475038]</ref> and [[Bach]]’s [[Goldberg Variations]], in addition to many of his own compositions. He is a champion of 20th century Catalan composer [[Frederic Mompou]] and in 2008 released a recording of Mompou's iconoclastic, more than hour-long ''Música Callada'' ("Quiet Music").

Haskell Small is a [[Steinway & Sons#Steinway Artists|Steinway Artist]].

==Composer==
Small follows in the tradition of 18th- and 19th-century pianist/composers. In addition to music for the piano, he has written works for woodwinds and other instruments, ensembles and the symphony orchestra, as well as choral pieces and music with narration. He has received commissions from such organizations as the [[Washington Ballet]], Three Rivers Piano Competition, Georgetown Symphony and Paul Hill Chorale, and he was the winner of the 1999 Marin Ballet Dance Score Competition. From 2000 to 2003, he was composer-in-residence with the Mount Vernon Orchestra.

In 2005 Small completed "Renoir's Feast," a piano piece commissioned by the [[Phillips Collection]] to celebrate the return of [[Renoir]]'s painting ''Le Déjeuner des Canotiers'' ([[Luncheon of the Boating Party]]) to the Washington gallery. Small approached the endeavor in a manner reminiscent of [[Moussorgsky]]'s [[Pictures at an Exhibition]]. He studied biographical information on each of Renoir's friends and acquaintances who were pictured in the boating party in order to create a portfolio of musical portraits, then established continuity among them with a recurring theme representing the flowing of the river.

In 2006 Small composed a suite of miniature blues and jazz pieces, "Scraps," for Dutch pianist Marcel Worms's multi-national Blues Project.

In 2007 he was commissioned by pianist [[Soheil Nasseri]] to write "Lullaby of War," an emotionally charged series of piano accompaniments and interludes for the recitation of several poems about war from various eras. Although the piece expresses a powerful anti-war sentiment, a preview performance featured readings by a U.S. Air Force general and his wife. Nasseri performed the world premiere of the composition in Carnegie Hall's Weill Recital Hall, and was soon invited to perform it in Berlin, with Small narrating.

Renoir's Feast and Small's own orchestral transcription of Scraps have been published by PeerMusic.

==Teacher==
Small is a member of the piano faculty<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonconservatory.org/html/faculty.htm#piano|title=Piano Faculty Listing|last=|first=|date=|website=washingtonconservatory.org|publisher=Washington Conservatory of Music|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> and former Piano Department Chair at the Washington Conservatory of Music, where he has taught since 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haskellsmall.com/biography|title=Biography|last=|first=|date=|website=haskellsmall.com|publisher=|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref>

==Reviews==
According to "A Golden 'Silence' From Haskell Small" by Stephen Brookes of the [[Washington Post]], ". . . . [A]s pianist Haskell Small showed in an unusual recital Sunday at the Phillips Collection, Mompou's music is worth attention. ... Much of the credit goes to Small, who may be better known to Phillips audiences for fine performances of his own works."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brookes|first1=Stephen|title=A Golden 'Silence' from Haskell Small|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-13461795.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000437/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-13461795.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-02|accessdate=21 January 2017|newspaper=Washington Post|agency=HighBeam|date=2007}}</ref> Small has also been praised by other Washington Post reviewers, including Mark Carrington, Sunil Freeman, Joseph McLellan, Tim Page, Cecilia Porter, Joan Reinthaler and Bob Waters, and [[New York Times]] writers Bernard Holland, Anna Kisselgoff and Edward Rothstein. Of the premiere of Small's ''Symphony for Solo Piano'' (1999), Washington Post reviewer Tim Page wrote, "If a first-time listener was occasionally reminded of other composers (particularly Prokofiev and Messiaen) along the way, the overall impression left by the "Symphony" was decidedly—triumphantly—Small's alone."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-583192.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000443/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-583192.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-02|title=Haskell Small's Great Premiere|last=Page|first=Tim|date=1999|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=21 January 2017|via=HighBeam}}</ref>

He has also received favorable reviews from [[Die Welt]], [[Der Tagesspiegel]], the [[Washington Times]], Music & Vision,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dunnett|first1=Roderic|title=Lisztian sparkle: Roderic Dunnett talks to American piano virtuoso Haskell Small|url=http://www.mvdaily.com/articles/2002/05/small1.htm|website=mvdaily.com|publisher=Music & Vision|accessdate=21 January 2017}}</ref> Piano and Keyboard Magazine, [[Fanfare Magazine]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Canfield|first1=David DeBoor|title=SMALL: The Rothko Room: Journeys in Silence. Visions of Childhood. A Glimpse of Silence.|journal=Fanfare Magazine|date=2015|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3594772431.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000524/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3594772431.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-02|accessdate=21 January 2017}}</ref> 20th Century Music Magazine, Ovation Magazine, the [[American Record Guide]], Records International, The [[Sioux City Journal]], the Montgomery County Gazette and independent reviewer Donald Satz.

==Go==
Small is a 4-dan [[Go player]] (amateur rating scale) and is the leader of the Greater Washington Go Club. Under the auspices of the [[American Go Association]], he organized the first U.S. Go Congress in 1985, an event that continues to be held annually.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hutchinson|first1=Craig R.|title=American Go Association 1995 Historical Book|url=http://www.usgo.org/archive/agahbk95.html|website=usgo.org|publisher=The American Go Association|accessdate=21 January 2017|date=1995|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806204728/http://www.usgo.org/archive/agahbk95.html|archivedate=6 August 2011}}</ref> One of his musical compositions is titled ''A Game of Go'' (1987)<ref>{{cite web|title=Haskell Small: A Game of Go for 2 pianos|url=http://www.allmusic.com/composition/a-game-of-go-for-2-pianos-mc0002385837|website=allmusic.com|publisher=Allmusic|accessdate=21 January 2017|date=1987}}</ref> and is included on the eponymously titled CD released by piano duo Quattro Mani on Klavier Records (2000).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/a-game-of-go-mw0001853122|title=Quattro Mani: A Game of Go|last=|first=|date=2000|website=allmusic.com|publisher=|access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref>

==Family==
Haskell's wife Betsy Small, born 1947, is a certified yoga instructor, and also a musician (lute, voice, guitar) and a go player. They have two grown daughters, Rachel and [[Sarah Small|Sarah]] (a photographer, filmmaker and musician, known for singing as part of the New York City-based a cappella Balkan music group [[Black Sea Hotel]]).

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/haskellsmall Haskell Small performing "Lullaby of War" (without narration) on YouTube]
* [http://www.haskellsmall.com Haskell Small's home page]
* [http://www.haskellsmall.com/discography Haskell Small's discography]
* [http://few-music.com/catalogue.html "A Game of Go," Frank E. Warren publications]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS9SdWBzy6Q Haskell Small leading the faculty of the Washington Conservatory of Music in a performance]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Small, Haskell}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American composers]]
[[Category:20th-century American pianists]]
[[Category:American composers]]
[[Category:American male composers]]
[[Category:American male pianists]]
[[Category:American music educators]]
[[Category:American Go players]]
[[Category:Musicians from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni]]
[[Category:San Francisco Conservatory of Music alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]