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Talk:Warning (Green Day album)

2025-06-11T02:15:26Z

136.29.99.239: /* Dominatrix? */ new section

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{{WikiProject Green Day}}
{{WikiProject Albums}}
{{WikiProject Alternative music|importance=mid}}
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== Review ==
I ([[User:Kingturtle|Kingturtle]] 05:05, 11 May 2005 (UTC)) don't think they review fits in with the article. Wikipedia is not an album review and wouldn't a review qualify as NPOV becuase a review is someone's opinon? --[[User:Saint-Paddy|Saint-Paddy]] 23:14, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

== Suffocate ==
I added Suffocate to the B-Sides, because it was released on the Warning # 2 Single, although it was recorded earlier, for nimrod.[[User:Hammer55|Hammer55]] 21:34, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

== Weasel words ==

:"'''''Many speculated''' that Green Day had painted themselves into a corner and would be unable to return to punk music. Nonetheless, many fans hold this album in high regard as being creative, experimental, and overall musically successful."

The words "many speculated" are used to justify a personal opinion in the following two sentences. It would be better to quote a specific source that criticises the band and then a source that highly rates the album.

--[[User:IslaySolomon|IslaySolomon]] 10:25, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

== Production ==

I was under the impression that this was the only album NOT produced by Rob Cavallo since 1994, and I am not in the minority with this assumption, but when I went to prove it I found these sources:
[http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/store/artist/album/0,,1054258,00.html#credits source one]
[http://www.mmguide.musicmatch.com/album/album.cgi?ALBUMID=629307#credits source two]
Does anyone have any '''online''' sources that say that Green Day were the sole producers?--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|Jude]] 07:55, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

== lowest selling album? ==
jesus christ this was imo one of their best well all their albums are masterpieces and this didnt stray from that at all wtf? im so shocked

Me too. Really though, everyone must listen to this... [[User:Itsmehbro|Itsmehbro]] ([[User talk:Itsmehbro|talk]]) 11:37, 8 November 2018 (UTC)

==Colon==
According to their official website and the iTunes Store, the album titles are "Warning" and "Nimrod", but Wikipedia has them as "Warning:" and "nimrod.". Shouldn't this be changed? --[[User:Muéro|Muéro]]([[User_talk:Muéro|talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Muéro|c]]) 06:09, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
:The official names are "Warning:" and "nimrod." though for organisational purposes iTunes uses its own format.--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|Jude]] 08:59, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

its '''N'''imrod, not nimrod--[[User:Greenday21|Greenday21]] ([[User talk:Greenday21|talk]]) 15:40, 9 March 2008 (UTC)[[greenday21]]

== WARNING IS ALTERNATIVE ROCK!==

this album is just Alternative Rock! there are no punksongs on this album! i think you never listened to this record!—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:87.167.250.157|87.167.250.157]] ([[User talk:87.167.250.157|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/87.167.250.157|contribs]]) 17:07, 16 March 2007
:Hello! I'm sorry but changing the genre actually takes a debate and a general consensus. Your edits have been reverted many times now and it's because they are unhelpful to the article. Thank you for taking the issue up here on the talk page, however. Please try to [[WP:COOL|Keep Your Cool]], though. Please do not change the genre on the article until you have more support in this area. Your vote counts as one against the ''current'' consensus. Please be patient!--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|JUDE]] [[User_talk:Onathinwhiteline|talk]] 22:20, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

man!! american idiot this is a pop punk record and dookie is poppunk but warning is not a punk record!!!! there is no punk! its just pop rock or pop!!! so say why is it a punkrock/alternative rock record why?—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:87.167.239.105|87.167.239.105]] ([[User talk:87.167.239.105|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/87.167.239.105|contribs]]) 21:44, 23 March 2007

:The main reason that the genres are listed as such is because of their performance on the Alt. Rock charts. I can list a few songs that have punk rock influence on Warning:. The only compromise I'm willing to make is that it be changed from "Punk Rock" to "Pop Punk" however *never* Pop Rock or "Power Pop" which I've never even come across, to be honest.--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|JUDE]] [[User_talk:Onathinwhiteline|talk]] 03:38, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

The song warning is not a pop punk song! this song is playing with a acoustic guitar! there is no e-guitar!—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:87.167.220.117|87.167.220.117]] ([[User talk:87.167.220.117|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/87.167.220.117|contribs]]) 20:45, 26 March 2007
:please see my response [[Talk:Warning (Green Day song)|here]]--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|JUDE]] [[User_talk:Onathinwhiteline|talk]] 05:01, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Chill out dude. Just cause a band does one ska song doesn't make them ska. The majority of Green Day's work and the majority of warning falls under the pop-punk genre listing. pop-punk as in powerchords, youthful vocals, and less dire lyricism than most punk. Although I do think the article needs to make some mention of the obvious crossing over in to folk punk on many of the songs. In fact, I'd say the album fits in at about 60% pop-punk and 40% folk punk. Will edit to reflect.

Its just a pop rock/pop record! its not pop punk or folk punk! there are no punk influences

pop punk, punk rock and alternative rock (maybe folk punk as well). definitely not power pop. cute is what we aim for is described as power pop on wikipedia and green day is nothing like cute is what we aim for. listen to the rest of green day's albums. [[User:Dark Devil| ▓░ Dark Devil ░▓]] ( [[User Talk:Dark Devil|Talk]] ♥ [[Special:Contributions/Dark Devil|Contribs]] ) 01:34, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

<s>WTF are all of you talking about? Green Day is '''PUNK ROCK'''.--[[User:Greenday21|Greenday21]] ([[User talk:Greenday21|talk]]) 15:42, 9 March 2008 (UTC)Greenday21</s>

I've been listening to this album a lot, and this album is Alternative Rock.--[[User:Greenday21|Greenday21]] ([[User talk:Greenday21|talk]]) 20:19, 19 June 2008 (UTC)Greenday21

As an added bonus: Yelling! Does! Not! Make! Your! Point! More! Valid!!!!!!
Notice how stupid that looks? Yeah. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.95.247.110|24.95.247.110]] ([[User talk:24.95.247.110|talk]]) 06:13, 13 February 2009 (UTC) 

== Protected ==

Edit warring is very disruptive -- see [[WP:3RR]] among others -- and can result in blocks being issued. In this situation, however, one party is using a number of IP addresses to revert back and forth; we ''could'' block those addresses, but doing so is a bit clumsy and will probably affect multiple people. As an alternative, I've [[WP:PPOL|semi-protected]] this page for a week. Please ''discuss'' the article and develop [[WP:CON|consensus]] as to which page version is best; it's really easier, and saves time for everybody involved. I'm acting as an administrator, in this case, and should avoid taking any particular stand as to the content of the article, but may take steps to encourage the [[WP:DR|dispute resolution]] process. Thanks, and best wishes. – [[User:Luna Santin|'''Luna Santin''']] ([[User talk:Luna Santin|talk]]) 18:53, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

==Genre Dispute==
There currently is a dispute as to what genre [[Warning:]] is to be considered.

Please leave your opinion here. Currently as it stands, [[Warning:]] is listed as [[Punk Rock]], [[Alternative Rock]], and [[Folk punk]].

My vote is that [[Warning:]] be considered [[Folk punk]], [[Pop Punk]], [[Alternative Rock]], and/or [[Punk Rock]]. Please be sure to use the wikipedia related link for your genre vote as to eliminate confusion and made up genres. Thank you very much for your time.--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|JUDE]] [[User_talk:Onathinwhiteline|talk]] 20:23, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

LOOOOOOOOOOOOOL!!! i just laugh you out!! OH MY GOOOOOOOOD!!!! FOLK PUNK/PUNKROCK!! NEVER WARNING!!!! ASK SOMEONE ELSE!! THIS IS NEVER A PUNK RECORD!!LOL —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:134.93.144.65|134.93.144.65]] ([[User talk:134.93.144.65|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/134.93.144.65|contribs]]) at 16:16, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
:If it's not [[Punk Rock]], could you suggest a genre? I know that you find this amusing, but we need to get this over and done with.--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|JUDE]] [[User_talk:Onathinwhiteline|talk]] 18:22, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

It's Pop punk,Alternative rock and folk punk, because it has acoustic influences..but I don't think that there is any "punk rock" song in the album —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/188.27.126.108|188.27.126.108]] ([[User talk:188.27.126.108|talk]]) 14:52, 1 June 2010 (UTC) 

please listen first to this album before you change the music style —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:134.93.144.66|134.93.144.66]] ([[User talk:134.93.144.66|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/134.93.144.66|contribs]]) at 14:03, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

::Thank you, sir, however I have listened to this album for the full seven years that it's been out. I'm not arguing with you anymore. You do not listen to my argument, and you do not state yours in a manner in which I can understand. I'm just going to keep reverting your edits, and if I get banned, no big deal.--[[User:Onathinwhiteline|JUDE]] [[User_talk:Onathinwhiteline|talk]] 18:46, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

"Folk punk" is way too specific and no one uses that term. I think we should just stick with "Alternative and Punk" for all Green Day stuff, though I think Warning is less punkish than the others. [[User:Randomfrenchie|Randomfrenchie]] 21:57, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

I stand that Warning was alternative punk rock but those three terms should be lumped together. --[[User:St.daniel|''St.daniel'']] [[User talk:St.daniel|talk]] 11:54, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

I changed the "pop punk" tag to "pop rock" in the infobox. All of the reviews for the album note the album's style/genre as predominantly pop/pop rock, with several critics noting that its a departure from the punk rock of the band's previous albums. One critic proclaimed that "it has exactly 0% to do with even Gilman Street pop-punk, except for one solitary track, "Deadbeat," that's their old '90-'92 type of tune"[http://www.villagevoice.com/2000-10-03/music/rubbers-full-of-soul/1 1] [[User:Dan56|Dan56]] ([[User talk:Dan56|talk]]) 21:54, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

People use pop and pop rock as an umbrella term. The album is pop punk..Also, I deleted punk rock. There's no punk rock in there at all. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Revilal90|Revilal90]] ([[User talk:Revilal90|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Revilal90|contribs]]) 05:14, 15 September 2010 (UTC) 

==Title==
There are very few instances I can find where the colon is included in the title of the album. Green Day's official site does not include the colon in the title just as they do not typecase the previous album as ''nimrod.'' (which has recently been changed here on wiki back to ''Nimrod''.) On the website www.greendayauthority.com, by far the largest Green Day fan site and one that is more comprehensive than the band's own site, ''Nimrod'' is spelled as ''nimrod.'' yet ''Warning'' is still simply the title alone, with no colon at the end. I realize that on the cover of the album and of every single released from the album, it says ''Warning:'', but the same goes for ''Nimrod'' as ''nimrod.'', so i think some standard must be set. For as long as ''Nimrod'' remains as such, I feel that ''Warning'' should certainly not have the colon included. In general, however, I think Wikipedia articles need to stop assuming that because an album title is typeset a particular way on the album cover that it necessarily means that is how the title must always be spelled, because it is complete nonsense. For example, the band Weezer's name is spelled in all lowercase on every album they have ever released, and yet the band name is never taken as necessarily always lowercase. Also, the single for "Warning" also uses the colon on the cover, yet the song is never spelled with the colon elsewhere, even in the tracklisting. [[User:Ringer7|Ringer7]] 04:02, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
:As far as I know, a rule on Wikipedia says that the title of an article should be the name under which the entity is most notable. This is, as you stated, '''Warning''', not '''Warning:'''. I do think however, that it should be mentioned in the article, so I have added a sentence to the intro. - [[User:Face_zz|Face]] 19:57, 16 December 2007 (UTC)
:: There is no need for either the "." in Nimrod or the ":" in Warning. These are simply for stylistic and artistic reasons, and have no bearing on the actual name of the album. (Think, do you say "Warning" any different to "Warning:").[[User:Nouse4aname|Nouse4aname]] ([[User talk:Nouse4aname|talk]]) 13:12, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

Then why does iTunes show the ! in Kerplunk! (actually, there are two in itunes, Kerplunk and Kerplunk!)--[[User:Greenday21|Greenday21]] ([[User talk:Greenday21|talk]]) 20:29, 19 June 2008 (UTC)Greenday21

== Question ==

How come Macy's Day Parade is not a single anymore? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/71.49.65.174|71.49.65.174]] ([[User talk:71.49.65.174|talk]]) 03:22, 28 June 2009 (UTC) 

:Do you mean how come it doesn't have it's own Wikipedia article anymore? It was nominated for deletion, and consensus was that it should go. You can read the discussion at [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Macy's Day Parade (song)]]. ~ Amory ''([[User:Amorymeltzer|user]] • [[User talk:Amorymeltzer|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Amorymeltzer|contribs]])'' 03:57, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

== Hey ==

That allmusic.com site has this album as Punk rock, Pop punk, Alternative Rock, and Post-grunge. So, I've discussed it. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:RickWilliams75|RickWilliams75]] ([[User talk:RickWilliams75|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/RickWilliams75|contribs]]) 03:38, 16 September 2009 (UTC) 

== Poprocks and Coke ==
What's the source on Poprocks and Coke being released as a non-LP B-side? I understand Maria was, but I've never heard of another version of Poprocks and Coke.
* It's not, I assure you, however, do you know where you found that? [[User:Disco dude rock|Disco dude rock]] ([[User talk:Disco dude rock|talk]]) 01:55, 19 November 2009 (UTC)

== review ==

I have moved the following review from the article to TALK. please fix it here before putting it back in the article:

:I was never a Green Day fan before I heard this album. To tell you the truth, I had never actually really listened to Green Day before this album. And though Warning: was not received particularly well by the public because of its new approach (described above), this album was the one that got me into Green Day and has turned them into my favorite band of all time.

:The title track is a terrific way to begin the album. A terrific melody and great beat you can tap your foot to drives the song forward. "Warning" is all about...well, as the lyrics state, living without warning. Do everything spontaneously, and don't think of the consequences. A great song with a great message.

:"Blood, Sex, and Booze" is definitely different from tracks the band has worked with in before. It starts with a woman slapping Billie, yelling "You understand me?" And Billie responding with an, "Aww, shit." It's about kinky stuff...this may be about a time Billie and Adie were in a fight. They're in a fight, and Billie's saying, "Don't make me beg for blood, sex, and booze." In other words, the good things that his wife gives him.

:"Church on Sunday" is another cool track with a good beat and cool melody about how Billie Joe Armstrong saved his marriage. "It's a song about when you're in a long term relationship with somebody, you have to keep reinventing it, and it takes a lot of compromise," Billie said in an interview.

:"Fashion Victim" is about how everyone in America's brainwashed and will do just about anything - including pay any amount of money - just to fit in.

:As mentioned above, Warning drifts away from Green Day's punk roots. "Castaway" is about how many of Billie's punk friends will probably hate him for writing such an album.
******author you can post this on the article..thanks —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Chevron24|Chevron24]] ([[User talk:Chevron24|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Chevron24|contribs]]) 14:08, 20 June 2010 (UTC) 

== Pop rock? ==
This album is not Pop rock, pop rock should be changed to pop punk, i disagree with pop rock. --[[User:Chickenguy12|Chickenguy12]] ([[User talk:Chickenguy12|talk]]) 00:12, 6 August 2010 (UTC)
:I also think that ''Warning'' should be labeled pop punk. - [[User:PM800|PM800]] ([[User talk:PM800|talk]]) 00:19, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Well, opinions dont supercede reviews, which happen to support the "pop rock" label. I made a comment about this in the [[Talk:Warning_(Green_Day_album)#Genre_Dispute|Genre dispute section]] of this talk page while making the previous edits to this article. I am not saying that "pop punk" shouldnt be in the infobox, but seeing as how the reviews take up the majority of the article's sources (and the only verification for genre), I will say that "pop rock" should be the primary one. I may also say that perhaps "punk rock" shouldnt be one of the album's genres, since several music writers noted its style as a departure from the "punk rock" of the band's previous work. We are discussing the album and not the band after all. [[User:Dan56|Dan56]] ([[User talk:Dan56|talk]]) 03:03, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Well i do still think it should be pop punk, yeah this album really isn't 'punk rock', the only song that's close to 'punk' is Minority, and that's not pure punk, i do think alternative rock and folk punk shouldn't be changed, or maybe change folk punk to folk rock, i don't know, but at least make pop punk one of the genres. --[[User:Chickenguy12|Chickenguy12]] ([[User talk:Chickenguy12|talk]]) 07:08, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Pop rock? No way. Warning is pop punk without a doubt.--[[Special:Contributions/213.233.92.65|213.233.92.65]] ([[User talk:213.233.92.65|talk]]) 11:04, 14 August 2010 (UTC)
::What r u an expert? This is getting kind of annoying to go over. At Wikipedia, information is [[WP:Verifiability|verified]] with [[WP:RS|reliable sources]]. The reviews support the primary genre being "pop rock". Listening to an album does not qualify for a source. And if nearly every single review notes "pop rock", I think the editors that feel different should take it into consideration. [[User:Dan56|Dan56]] ([[User talk:Dan56|talk]]) 21:45, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

Pop rock oughtn't be a blanket term. The Killers were pop rock, Katy Perry plays pop rock. Pop-hooks and drums don't necessarily make it pop rock; I'll change that. [[Special:Contributions/75.73.139.144|75.73.139.144]] ([[User talk:75.73.139.144|talk]]) 23:44, 7 October 2011 (UTC)

Well, I'm not sure about pop rock, but since the reviewers have noted that this album moved away from the punk rock sound, I think it would appropriate to replace that with pop punk. Also, these sources say the album is pop punk:

http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/green-day-american-idiot/492

http://www.punktastic.com/reviews/7/Green-Day/Warning/

[[Special:Contributions/97.83.75.129|97.83.75.129]] ([[User talk:97.83.75.129|talk]]) 04:06, 18 October 2011 (UTC)

:Ok, who put the genre as pop rock? To be honest, all Allmusic links have said that all of Green Day's albums are pop/rock. So why don't you just go and change their genres to pop rock too, even though we all know that their albums are NOT pop rock. They are pop punk and alternative. I looked at Amazon's genre for warning, it did not say pop rock. So please take off pop rock or I will. I'll list my source here too, since I can't list a source for a deleted item. I also looked at all the album reviews (except Allmusic which calls ALL of Green Day's albums pop/rock) cited and CNTRL+F'ed all the pages to see if they said pop rock. None of them did. They all said POP PUNK, however. So please snap out of it and just take off pop rock. This album sounds like their other albums which AREN'T pop rock, and it does not sound like Katy Perry's and The Script's and Maroon 5's pop rock, now does it? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/71.104.253.11|71.104.253.11]] ([[User talk:71.104.253.11|talk]]) 22:14, 5 January 2012 (UTC) 

::Great, another opinionated genre rant... :[[WP:GWARRIOR|yawn]]: --[[User:IllaZilla|IllaZilla]] ([[User talk:IllaZilla|talk]]) 00:17, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

:::I didn't put an opinion. I put true facts. Maybe if you read what I put you'd would've realized that. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/71.104.253.11|71.104.253.11]] ([[User talk:71.104.253.11|talk]]) 23:24, 6 January 2012 (UTC) 

::::Why do people who do nothing but rant about genres always assert that their opinions are "true facts"? --[[User:IllaZilla|IllaZilla]] ([[User talk:IllaZilla|talk]]) 07:27, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

:::::Well anyway, whether you believe me or not, I've received a message from Wiki saying it appreciates changes I've made to the site. I believe what I say is true (not opinion) because Allmusic says all GD albums are "Pop\Rock", but albums like American Idiot do not say pop rock as the genre here on wiki. Yet this one does. How bout you tell me what YOU think the genre should be, based on your facts. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/71.104.253.11|71.104.253.11]] ([[User talk:71.104.253.11|talk]]) 06:17, 8 January 2012 (UTC) 

::::::What you got is the standard boilerplate welcome message that all new contributors receive. I'm not saying there's anything wrong with your contributions, but don't take a standard welcome as an endorsement of any specific edits. As far as the genre, "pop/rock" is about as general as it gets on Allmusic...you'll find that on the sidebar for almost any ''rock'' band that's ''pop''ular. They list [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/metallica-p4906 Metallica], the [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/beastie-boys-p10 Beastie Boys], and [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/celine-dion-p4099 Celine Dion] all as "pop/rock", for pete's sake. It's a totally generic and almost completely meaningless descriptor. The little bullet-point styles on the Allmusic sidebar hardly ever hold any water in genre discussions; What carries weight is what the critic actually says in their review. In this case [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] says of ''Warning'' that they "They responded by embracing their fondness for pop and making the best damn album they'd ever made. There's a sense of fearlessness on Warning, as if the band didn't care if the album wasn't punk enough, or whether it produced a cross-platform hit."

::::::In any case the fundamental problem here is that the article body lacks any sections about the album's background or composition. It jumps from the lead right into critical reception. It really needs sourced sections on the creation, composition, and musical style of the album. Then the infobox can be adjusted to reflect the information in the body paragraphs. That's what the infobox is supposed to be: a summary of key details from the article. There really shouldn't be ''anything'' in the infobox that isn't discussed (and sourced) somewhere in the article body. Alas, most editors never devote any effort to the actual bodies of articles, but will quibble endlessly over a couple of words in the colorful box in the upper corner. If you really want to do this article a service, gather a few sources together and write some sections on the writing, recording, and composition of the album. Then you can update the infobox to accurately reflect the article's content and its sources. --[[User:IllaZilla|IllaZilla]] ([[User talk:IllaZilla|talk]]) 08:21, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

:::::::Articles I've edited are 39/Smooth, Hybrid Theory EP, If Guns Are Outlawed, and maybe only a couple others I don't remember. I provide links too. I could simply quote the places under the critic reviews that talk about the album being pop punk, and write it under a writing/recording section, then change the genre to take off pop rock and state my reason here. And yes I know Allmusic labels everything pop/rock, that's why I said using Allmusic as a source for calling this particular album pop/rock wouldn't be a good one. Well, if you keep looking at this page, I just need to find links to keep my writings here (because if I just rant on someone will delete even if it is true) and I could really achieve that goal. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/71.104.253.11|71.104.253.11]] ([[User talk:71.104.253.11|talk]]) 04:18, 13 January 2012 (UTC) 

== Poprocks and Coke recorded for Warning? ==
I don't think Poprocks and Coke was ever recorded for Warning, and there was no source for it, so i removed it. --[[User:Chickenguy12|Chickenguy12]] ([[User talk:Chickenguy12|talk]]) 10:07, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

== Misery not by Billie Joe? ==
I'm pretty damn sure Misery ''was'' written by Billie Joe Armstrong. The credits on the album don't say any different. I think whoever changed it was thinking of where it says on Mike's credits: Farfasia (On Misery) and took it as Farfasia [and lyrics to] Misery. --[[Special:Contributions/24.255.37.229|24.255.37.229]] ([[User talk:24.255.37.229|talk]]) 01:29, 23 December 2010 (UTC)

Nah it was written by all of them. Inside the album booklet it says "Words by Billie Joe Armstrong except 'Misery' by Green Day". Check the bottom of the inside back page (under the Minority and Macy's Day Parade lyrics). —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/86.179.179.136|86.179.179.136]] ([[User talk:86.179.179.136|talk]]) 18:14, 28 December 2010 (UTC) 

Ah, okay. You learn something new everyday, and thank god! I was running out of time to learn something today! [[Special:Contributions/24.255.37.229|24.255.37.229]] ([[User talk:24.255.37.229|talk]]) 04:42, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

==My edits to the Personnel section==
I am okay with the way it is now, but I was just wondering what was so bad about it before that needed "cleaned-up"? Just a question. --[[User:Blaguymonkey|BLAguyMONKEY!]] ([[User talk:Blaguymonkey|talk]]) 05:49, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

:There's no need to have multiple citations, so I removed those and replaced with "Credits for Warning adapted from liner notes.[19]". As for the subheaders, when appropriate like with enough names/credits, it's pretty much conventional for personnel sections to be split this way in WP:Albums articles. [[User:Dan56|Dan56]] ([[User talk:Dan56|talk]]) 05:52, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

::Okay. --[[User:Blaguymonkey|BLAguyMONKEY!]] ([[User talk:Blaguymonkey|talk]]) 06:03, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

:::You don't need to say "adapted from liner notes" if you're citing the notes; The citation itself says that. I removed a bunch of extraneous people from the section: techs, management, A&R guys, etc. have little or nothing to do with making the album. It's common for liner notes to include the names of the band's management, publicist, road crew, etc., but these people have almost nothing to do with recording or producing the album. Our purpose isn't to repeat every individual mentioned in the liner notes, just those directly involved in the recording & production; It's the same principle by which we don't list the entire cast & crew in film articles...who strung the guitars, booked the tour, or brewed coffee has no relevance to the album itself. --[[User:IllaZilla|IllaZilla]] ([[User talk:IllaZilla|talk]]) 07:16, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

{{Talk:Warning (Green Day album)/GA1}}

== External links modified ==

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== Didn't Green Day release Macy's Day Parade as the fourth single? ==

Why didn't somebody make an article about Macy's Day Parade because I know it was released as the 4th and the final single off the album. Because everytime I make new articles on Wikipedia, they (Wikipedia) or someone else ("nominates") (to) remove the article WITHOUT any reason at all..... [[User:Itsmehbro|Itsmehbro]] ([[User talk:Itsmehbro|talk]]) 11:40, 8 November 2018 (UTC)

== Genre arrangement ==

There's a little disagreement between me and another editor regarding the genres of the album. While we both agree what to list, the disagreement comes from what order to list them in. I really don't like punk rock being listed first, because while a few sources cite it as such, there's others that say the album is not punk rock.

I was saying that pop-punk should be listed first, but there's also [https://web.archive.org/web/20121108171022/http://www.villagevoice.com/2000-10-03/music/rubbers-full-of-soul/ this source] that says its not pop-punk. So because of that, maybe power pop should actually be listed first (which has four sources supporting it vs. five supporting pop-punk and one opposing it)? I currently have punk rock listed second-to-last, but with the four sources opposing it (kind of cancelling out the four sources supporting it), it should probably be listed last, or arguably, not even included in the infobox at all. But I can settle for it being the last genre listed. [[User:MoonJet|MoonJet]] ([[User talk:MoonJet|talk]]) 11:51, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

== Vandalism ==

Can people PLEASE stop vandalizing this page to say it's "underrated"? That is a matter of subjective taste and should not be on Wikipedia. [[Special:Contributions/173.77.248.53|173.77.248.53]] ([[User talk:173.77.248.53|talk]]) 18:08, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

== Dominatrix? ==

Why is a dominatrix listed as an "additional musician"? [[Special:Contributions/136.29.99.239|136.29.99.239]] ([[User talk:136.29.99.239|talk]]) 02:15, 11 June 2025 (UTC)

Jiangshi

2025-05-29T16:13:19Z

136.29.99.239: mark dubious claim as needing citation

{{Short description|Type of creature from Chinese legend and folklore}}
{{Distinguish|Jianshi (disambiguation){{!}}Jianshi}}
{{Redirect|Gangsi|the village in India|Gangsi, India}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| showflag = p
| t = [[wiktionary:殭屍|殭屍]]
| s = [[wiktionary:僵尸|僵尸]]
| p = jiāngshī
| j = goeng¹-si¹
| y = gēung sī
| w = chiang¹-shih¹
| gr = jiangshy
| bpmf = ㄐㄧㄤㄕ
| poj = khiong-si
| l = stiff corpse
| qn = cương thi
| kana = [[wiktionary:キョンシー|キョンシー]]
| romaji = kyonshī
| hanja = 殭屍
| hangul = 강시
| rr = gangsi
| c =
| mi =
| ci =
| altname =
| pic = Jiangshi custome.jpg
| piccap = Two people dressed up as jiāngshī. Here, the [[fulu]] is hanging from the forehead.
| chuhan = 殭屍
}}

A '''jiāngshī''' ({{zh|t=殭屍|s=僵尸|p=jiāngshī|j=goeng1 si1}}), also known as a Chinese '''hopping [[vampire]]''',<ref name="Lam 2009 46–51">{{cite journal|last=Lam|first=Stephanie|year=2009|title=Hop on Pop: Jiangshi Films in a Transnational Context|journal=CineAction|issue=78|pages=46–51}}</ref> is a type of [[undead]] creature or reanimated corpse in [[Chinese folklore|Chinese legends and folklore]]. Due to the influence of Hong Kong cinema, it is typically depicted in modern popular culture as a stiff corpse dressed in official [[Hanfu|garments]] from the [[Qing dynasty]]. Although the pronunciation of jiangshi varies in different East Asian countries, all of them refer to the Chinese version of vampire.

In popular culture, it is commonly represented as hopping or leaping. In folkloric accounts, however, it is more formidable, capable of giving chase by running, and if sufficiently ancient or if it has absorbed sufficient yang energy, capable also of flight. According to folkloric understandings, "jiāngshī came from the hills, soaring through the air, to devour the infants of the people".<ref name=":3" />

In both popular culture and folklore, it is represented either as anthropophagous (i.e. man-eating), therefore resembling Eastern European vampires, or as killing living creatures by absorbing their ''[[qi]]'', or "life force".<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Groot |title=Religious System of China, Volume 5 |pages=745 |chapter=10, Spectres with a Material Body, Vampirism}}</ref> It is usually not represented as blood-sucking, as in the Western conception. During the day, it rests in a coffin or hides in dark places such as caves and forests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mythicalcreaturesguide.com/page/JiangShi|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216120803/http://www.mythicalcreaturesguide.com/page/JiangShi|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 16, 2013|title=Search Results – Mythical Creatures Guide}}</ref>

De Groot suggests that the belief in jiangshi was the result of the natural horror at the sight of dead bodies, nourished by the presence of unburied corpses in the imperial China, which "studded the landscape", the idea of the vital energy flowing through the universe as capable of animating objects - including exposed corpses - and by severe cultural taboos concerning postponement of burial.<ref name=":2" /> These fears are described as having preoccupied "credulous and superstitious minds in Amoy".

The belief in jiangshi and its representation in the popular imagination was also partly derived from the habit of "corpse-driving",<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Mystery in Western Hunan: Walking Corpse |url=http://en.chinaculture.org/chineseway/2011-12/05/content_426742.htm |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=en.chinaculture.org |archive-date=2020-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107164453/http://en.chinaculture.org/chineseway/2011-12/05/content_426742.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Old China practice of corpse herding to transport bodies to hometown for burial |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3264922/walking-dead-old-china-practice-corpse-herding-transporting-bodies-hometown-burial-using-long-bamboo |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710185612/https://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3264922/walking-dead-old-china-practice-corpse-herding-transporting-bodies-hometown-burial-using-long-bamboo |url-status=live }}</ref> a practice involving the repatriation of the corpses of dead laborers across Xiang province (present-day Hunan) to their hometowns for burial in family gravesites. The corpses were trussed up against bamboo sticks and carried by professionals known as corpse-drivers and transported over thousands of miles to their ancestral villages, which gave the impression of a hopping corpse. These professionals operated during the night to avoid crowds during the day, which served to amplify the fearful effects of their trade.

Jiangshi legends have inspired a [[Jiangshi fiction|genre of jiangshi films]] and literature in Hong Kong and the rest of East Asia. Movies such as ''[[Mr. Vampire]]'' and its various sequels (''[[Mr. Vampire II]]'', ''[[Mr. Vampire III]]'', and ''[[Mr. Vampire IV]]'') became cult classics in comedy-horror and inspired a vampire craze in East Asia, including Taiwan and Japan. Today, jiangshi appear in toys and video games. Jiangshi costumes are also sometimes employed during Halloween.

==Origins==
The [[Qing dynasty]] scholar [[Ji Xiaolan]] mentioned in his book {{zhp|p=[[Yuewei Caotang Biji]]|c=閱微草堂筆記}} (c. 1789 – 1798)<ref>(''[https://www.amazon.com/Shadow-Book-Ji-Yun-Knowledge/dp/1953124011/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1T8SDK4WXS9UV&keywords=the+shadow+book+of+ji+yun&qid=1649690307&sprefix=the+shadow+book+of+ji+yun%2Caps%2C2503&sr=8-1 The Shadow Book of Ji Yun]'', Empress Wu Books, 2021)</ref> that the causes for a corpse to be reanimated can be classified in either of two categories: a recently deceased person returning to life, or a corpse that has been buried for a long time but does not decompose.

Some causes are described below:

* The use of supernatural arts to resurrect the dead.
* [[Spirit possession]] of a dead body.
* A corpse absorbs sufficient [[yin and yang|yang]] ''[[qi]]'' (positive energy) to return to life.
* When the lower parts of the person's soul remain in the body to assume control after death. Traditional Chinese thought posits that a person's body is governed by [[Hun and po|three ''huns'' and seven ''pos'']]. The Qing dynasty scholar [[Yuan Mei]] wrote in his book ''[[Zi Bu Yu]]'' that "A person's ''hun'' is good but the ''po'' is evil, the ''hun'' is intelligent but the ''po'' is not so good". When the ''hun'' leaves the body after death but the ''po'' remains and takes control of the body, the dead person becomes a jiangshi.
* When the dead person is not buried even after a funeral has been held. The corpse comes to life after it is struck by a bolt of lightning, or when a pregnant cat (or a black cat in some tales) leaps across the coffin.
* When a person's soul fails to leave their deceased body, due to improper death, suicide, or that person just wanting to cause trouble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ufo.org.tw/news/2009/020209-1.htm |script-title=zh:充滿詭異色彩文獻記載湘南恐怖僵屍村傳說 |date=February 2, 2009 |access-date=February 21, 2021 |language=zh |trans-title=Full of weird colors: documenting the legend of Shonan's horrible zombie village |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228204529/http://www.ufo.org.tw/news/2009/020209-1.htm |archive-date=2009-02-28 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ck101.com/viewthread.php?tid=672267 |title=愛上廁所的小孩 |access-date=2021-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813162000/http://ck101.com/viewthread.php?tid=672267 |archive-date=2011-08-13 |language=zh |trans-title=The kid who fell in love with the toilet |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* A person injured by a jiangshi is infected with the "jiangshi poison" and gradually changes into a jiangshi over time, as seen in the ''[[Mr. Vampire]]'' films.

==Appearance and attributes==
[[File:Qing Dynasty Mandarin.jpg|thumb|Official uniform of a mandarin from Qing dynasty, which jiangshi are usually portrayed wearing]]

In both folklore and popular culture, the appearance of a jiangshi can range from that of a recently deceased person in a state of [[rigor mortis]] to that of horribly decayed and rotting corpse. The jiangshi always lacks the suppleness that characterized a living person or even the Western vampire. The Chinese character for {{zhp|p=jiang|c=殭/僵}} in "jiangshi" literally means "hard" or "stiff".

=== Folklore ===
Jiangshi are described as having greenish-white skin, possibly deriving from [[fungus]] or [[Mold (fungus)|mould]] growing on corpses. They have long hair<ref>{{cite book |last=de Groot |first=JJM |title=The Religious System of China |publisher=The Hague |year=1892–1910}}</ref> and may behave like animals.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:世界上真的有僵尸吗？ |trans-title=Are there really zombies in the world? |url=http://blog.qq.com/qzone/945012937/1210169439.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218160340/http://blog.qq.com/qzone/945012937/1210169439.htm |archive-date=2009-02-18 |access-date=2021-02-21 |language=zh |df=mdy-all}}</ref> They are ferocious, ravenous beings possessing extreme strength, being described as attacking men with "brute force and clumsy violence".<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Groot |title=Religious System of China, Volume 5 |pages=724}}</ref> They are often represented as being capable of giving chase by running,<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Groot |title=Religious System of China, Volume 5 |pages=736}}</ref> and sometimes by flying - "a jiangshi came from the hills, soaring through the air, to devour the infants of the people".<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=De Groot |title=The Religious System of China, Volume 5 |pages=745}}</ref>

==Methods and items used to counter jiangshi==
[[File:Bagua mirror.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Bagua mirror]]

* Mirrors: According to [[Li Shizhen]]'s medical book ''[[Bencao Gangmu]]'', "A mirror is the essence of liquid metal. It is dark on the outside but bright inside." ({{zh|labels=no|t=鏡乃金水之精，內明外暗。}}) Jiangshi are also said to be terrified of their own reflections.
* Items made from the wood of a [[peach]] tree: According to the {{zhp|p=Jingchu Suishi Ji|t=荊楚歲時記}}), "Peach is the essence of the [[Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)|Five Elements]]. It can subjugate evil auras and deter evil spirits." ({{zh|labels=no|t=桃者，五行之精，能厭服邪氣，制御百鬼。}})
* A rooster's call: According to [[Yuan Mei]]'s book ''[[Zi Bu Yu]]'', "Evil spirits withdraw when they hear a rooster's call" ({{zh|labels=no|t=鬼聞雞鳴即縮。}}), because the rooster's call usually occurs with the rise of the sun.
* [[Jujube]] seeds: According to ''Zi Bu Yu'', "Nail seven jujube seeds into the [[acupuncture point]]s on the back of a corpse." ({{zh|labels=no|t=棗核七枚，釘入屍脊背穴。}})
* Fire: According to ''Zi Bu Yu'', "When set on fire, the sound of crackling flames, blood rushes forth and bones cry." ({{zh|labels=no|t=放火燒之，嘖嘖之聲，血湧骨鳴。}})
* Hooves of a black donkey: Mentioned in Zhang Muye's fantasy novel ''[[Ghost Blows Out the Light]]''
* Vinegar: Mentioned by coroners in eastern [[Fujian]].
* ''[[Fulu]]'' (Taoist talisman), stuck on the forehead to immobilise them. With a unique spell, it can be used to transport the creatures with the handbell.
* Holding one's breath, which makes the jiangshi unable to find you as they are blind, though this contradicts the earlier statement that they are afraid of their own reflection.
* [[Ba gua]] sign
* ''[[I Ching]]''
* ''[[Zhou Dunyi#Tong Shu|Tong Shu]]''
* [[Glutinous rice]], rice chaff
* [[Adzuki bean]]s
* [[Handbell]]
* Thread stained with a concoction of black ink, chicken blood and burnt talisman
* Blood of a black dog
* Stonemason's awl
* Axe
* Broom
* Dropping a bag of coins can cause the jiangshi to count the coins. {{citation needed|date=May 2025|reason=No evidence of this in relation to this myth, even via a general internet search}}

On [[EHow|''eHow.com'']], there was a list of five methods:<ref name="Lam 2009 46–51" />
*To subdue a hopping vampire the person must take a thin yellow piece of paper and write out a distinct spell in chicken's blood, which will then be attached to the vampire's forehead.
*A person defending themselves against a hopping vampire/zombie can use an 8 sided mirror called Ba-qua mirror, which is often used in Feng Shui. The mirrors purpose is to reflect the light, which in turn scares the creature away.
*A sword charged under the light of the moon made of Chinese coins can be used in an attack against the vampire.
*To stop a hopping vampire (zombie) in its place, take a small amount of blood and place it on the creature's forehead.
* To banish the hopping vampire, a person can throw sticky rice at the creature drawing out the evil in it.
'''Architectural features'''

It is also the conventional belief of [[feng shui]] practitioners in Chinese architecture that a [[threshold (door)|threshold]] ({{zh|t=門檻|s=门槛|p=ménkǎn|first=t|links=no}}), a piece of wood approximately 15 cm (6 in) high, be installed along the width of the door at the bottom to prevent a jiangshi from entering the household.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hopping Mad: A Brief Look at Chinese Vampire Movies |url=http://www.pennyblood.com/chinesevampires.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121020116/http://www.pennyblood.com/chinesevampires.html |archive-date=2007-11-21 |access-date=2007-12-16 |work=Penny Blood Magazine}}</ref>

==Origin stories==
=== Taboos regarding unburied dead ===
De Groot observes that unburied corpses studded the landscape of imperial China, causing great fear and nourishing "an inveterate belief in these specters". Furthermore, it was supposed that corpses, if left unburied and exposed to the sun and moon so as to absorb the vital energy permeating the universe, could reanimate as ravening jiangshi. The notion that corpses are prone to becoming jiangshi when their burial is long-postponed would have motivated the populace to quickly bury the dead in their midst.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=De Groot |title=Religious System of China, Volume 5 |pages=744}}</ref>

=== Corpse-driving in Western Hunan ===
A supposed source of the jiangshi stories came from the folk practice of "transporting a corpse over a thousand ''[[li (unit)|li]]''" ({{zhi|t=千里行屍|s=千里行尸|p=qiān lǐ xíng shī|first=t}}). This was also known as "driving corpses in Xiangxi" ({{zhi|t=湘西趕屍|s=湘西赶尸|p=Xiāngxī gǎn shī|l=|first=t}}).

During the Qing dynasty, laborers from all over China often engaged in difficult construction work in the backwaters of western Hunan ([[Xiangxi]]), and the mortality rates were high.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 26, 2004 |script-title=zh:湘西"赶尸"习俗 |url=http://www.zjol.com.cn/05gotrip/system/2004/02/26/006054504.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227033525/http://www.zjol.com.cn/05gotrip/system/2004/02/26/006054504.shtml |archive-date=2012-02-27 |access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2004-10-22 |script-title=zh:神秘骇人的湘西"赶尸"揭秘(图) |url=http://read.anhuinews.com/system/2004/10/22/001023100.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514193844/http://read.anhuinews.com/system/2004/10/22/001023100.shtml |archive-date=2008-05-14 |access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref> The Chinese preferred to be buried alongside family, partly due to the belief that their souls might feel homesick if they were buried far from home, so an industry for the transportation of these corpses to their native villages, often across thousands of miles, soon developed. The corpses would be arranged upright in single file and be tied to long bamboo rods on the sides, while two men (one at the front and one at the back) would carry the ends of the rods on their shoulders and walk. When the bamboo flexed up and down, the corpses appeared to be "hopping" in unison when viewed from a distance away.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zaobao.com/special/newspapers/2004/10/others221004.html |script-title=zh:湘西赶尸骗局被揭穿 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093512/http://www.zaobao.com/special/newspapers/2004/10/others221004.html |archive-date=2012-03-05 |lang=zh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 14, 2009 |script-title=zh:湘西"赶尸匠"后人揭秘真相 (图) |url=http://travel.sohu.com/20090914/n266715927.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109180950/http://travel.sohu.com/20090914/n266715927.shtml |archive-date=2018-01-09 |access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref>

Two oral accounts of transporting corpses are included in [[Liao Yiwu]]'s ''The Corpse Walker''. One account describes how corpses would be transported by a two-man team. One would carry the corpse on his back with a large robe covering both of them and a mourning mask on top. The other man would walk ahead with a lantern and warn his companion about obstacles ahead of him. The lantern was used as a visual guide for the corpse carrier to follow since they could not see with the robe covering them. It is speculated in the accounts in the book that corpses would be carried at night to avoid contact with people and the cooler air would be more suitable to transporting bodies.<ref>Liao, Yiwu. ''The Corpse Walker: Real Life Stories, China from the Bottom Up''. New York: Pantheon Books, 2008. {{oclc|233578030}}.</ref>

=== Myth and legend ===
Actual corpse-driving using manual labor gave rise to legends and rumors of the use of Taoist sorcery to transport dead bodies. According to these tales, the relatives of a person who died far away from home could not afford vehicles to have the deceased person's body transported home for burial, so they would hire a Taoist priest to conduct a ritual to reanimate the dead person and teach him/her to "hop" their way home. The priests would transport the corpses only at night and would ring bells to notify others in the vicinity of their presence because it was considered bad luck for a living person to set eyes upon a ''jiang shi''.

Some<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=zh:湘西趕屍 |url=https://liubowen.tripod.com/history/t-cadaver.htm |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=liubowen.tripod.com}}</ref> speculate that the stories about ''jiang shi'' were originally made up by smugglers who disguised their illegal activities as corpse transportation and wanted to scare off law enforcement officers.

==Similar folklore==
Archaeologists have found [[revenant]] and what appear to be deviant burials dating back to 4500–3800 BC in Cyprus.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ancient-greek-burials-prepared-for-zombie-uprising/|last=Geggel|first=Laura|date=June 2015|title=Ancient Greek burials prepared for zombie uprising|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14|archive-date=2020-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111074834/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ancient-greek-burials-prepared-for-zombie-uprising/|url-status=live}}</ref> Those born as illegitimate children, with abnormalities, or on inauspicious days, or who were victims of murder, drowning, suicide, curses, or the [[Black Death]] were thought to have had the potential to be a [[vampire]]. A suspected vampire would be incinerated or dismembered to prevent their return. Other preventive methods included deep buried burial, prone burials, and tying, staking, or pinning corpses with stones.<ref name=":0" /> These types of burials have been discovered in numerous locations, including Egypt, Greece, and Rome. [[Slavic folklore]] references vampires and preventions dating back to the 11th century with Drawsko, Poland being home to some of these burial sites and early discoveries of such practices. The three primary areas of focus upon burial to prevent vampirism were the mouth, the hands, and the feet, as the mouth is used for feeding, the hands are used for grasping victims, and the feet are used for movement.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Betsinger|first=Tracy K.|last2=Scott|first2=Amy B.|date=October 2010|title=Governing from the Grave: Vampire Burials and Social Order in Post-medieval Poland|journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal|language=en|volume=24|issue=3|pages=467–476|doi=10.1017/S0959774314000754|issn=0959-7743|doi-access=free}}</ref> Folklore and burial practices dealing with revenants can also be traced back to [[Norse mythology]] with [[draugr]] or draug(s) that closely resemble stories of jiangshis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Chadwick|first=N. K.|date=1946|title=Norse Ghosts (A Study in the Draugr and the Haugbúi)|journal=Folklore|volume=57|issue=2|pages=50–65|issn=0015-587X|jstor=1256952|doi=10.1080/0015587X.1946.9717812}}</ref> These draugr were also re-animated corpses that rose from their graves, and many of the various accounts report the draugr to be sighted far from its initial burial site.<ref name=":1" />

== Popular culture ==
[[File:2015Halloween in Osaka(41).JPG|thumb|A jiangshi costume on Halloween in Osaka]]

In popular culture, such as in [[Jiangshi fiction|jiangshi movies]], jiangshi have a standard appearance. They have a paper [[fulu|talisman]] (''fulu'', with a sealing spell) attached onto and hanging off the forehead in portrait orientation, and wear a uniform coat-like robe and round-top tall rimmed hat characteristic of a [[Mandarin (bureaucrat)|mandarin]] (Chinese official from during the Qing dynasty). The influence of western vampire stories brought the blood-sucking aspect to the Chinese myth in more modern times in combination with the concept of the [[hungry ghost]], though traditionally they feed solely on the ''[[qi]]'' of a living individual for sustenance and in order to grow more powerful. Some claim that their modern visual depiction as horrific Qing officials may have been derived by the [[anti-Manchuism|anti-Manchu]] or [[anti-Qing sentiment]]s of the [[Han Chinese]] population during the Qing dynasty, as the officials were viewed as bloodthirsty creatures with little regard for humanity, although the plausibility of this claim is affected by the lapse of time between the modern depiction and the end of the Qing empire.<ref name="Lam 2009 46–51" />

=== Literature ===
{{main|Jiangshi fiction}}

=== Cinema and popular culture ===
Jiangshi legends have inspired a [[Jiangshi fiction|genre of jiangshi films]] and literature in Hong Kong and the rest of East Asia. Movies such as ''[[Mr. Vampire]]'' and its various spin-offs ''[[Mr. Vampire II]]'', ''[[Mr. Vampire III]]'', and ''[[Mr. Vampire IV]]'' became cult classics in comedy-horror and inspired a short-lived vampire craze in East Asia, including Taiwan and Japan. The craze subsided quickly by the mid-1990s but enjoyed a brief resurgence in the early 2000s. Attempts to experiment with the genre by producing pure horror movies, such as Tsui Hark's ''[[The Era of Vampires]]'' without the comic elements, have met with criticism and lacked the same popularity.

Today, jiangshi appear in toys and video games, such as Hsien-Ko from [[Darkstalkers]], Qiqi in ''[[Genshin Impact]]'', Chiaotzu in ''[[Dragon Ball]]'', and Yoshika Miyako from ''[[Touhou Project]]''. Jiangshi costumes are also sometimes employed during Halloween.

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Chinese ghosts]]
* [[Chinese mythology]]
* [[Chupacabra]]
* [[Draugr]]
* [[Hungry ghost]]
* [[Medieval revenant]]
* [[Sexual vampire]]
* [[Undead]]
* [[Vetala]]
* [[Ro-langs]]
* [[Wight]]
* [[Yaoguai]]
* [[Yokai]]
* [[Vampire burial]]
* [[Zombie]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Wiktionary-inline|jiangshi}}
* {{Wiktionary-inline|zompire}}

[[Category:Jiangshi| ]]
[[Category:Chinese demons]]
[[Category:Chinese ghosts]]
[[Category:Corporeal undead]]
[[Category:Mythological creatures]]
[[Category:Vampires]]
[[Category:Yaoguai]]
[[Category:Zombies]]