http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=103.97.2.77wiki143 - User contributions [en]2026-05-15T03:22:16ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.1http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Raymond_Chow&diff=2059634Raymond Chow2025-06-28T13:53:48Z<p>103.97.2.77: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Hong Kong film producer}}<br />
{{other people}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br />
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{{family name hatnote|[[Zou (surname)|Chow]]|lang=Hong Kong|Raymond Chow|Chow Man-wai}}<br />
{{infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = <br />
| name = Raymond Chow<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=HKG|OBE|GBS}}<br />
| image = Raymond Chow 2011.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Raymond Chow at the [[5th Asian Film Awards]] in 2011<br />
| native_name = 鄒文懷<br />
| native_name_lang = zh<br />
| pronunciation = <br />
| birth_name = Raymond Chow Man-wai<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|10|8}}<br />
| birth_place = [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|11|2|1927|10|8}}<br />
| death_place = Hong Kong<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Saint John's University, Shanghai]]<br />
| occupation = Film producer<br />
| spouse = Felicia Yuen<br />
| partner = Ng Suk-fong<br />
| children = [[Roberta Chow]] (daughter), ''with Yuen'' <br> Felix Chow (son), ''with Ng'' <br> [[Terence Chow]] (son), ''with Ng''<br />
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --><br />
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --><br />
| father = <br />
| awards = <br>{{awards|award=[[Hong Kong Film Awards]]|name='''[[Hong Kong Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]'''<br />1986 ''[[Police Story (1985 film)|Police Story]]''<br />'''Lifetime Achievement Award'''<br />2008}}<br />
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes<br />
|s=邹文怀 |t=鄒文懷<br />
|p=Zōu Wénhuái |myr=Dzōu Wénhuái |mi={{IPAc-cmn|z|ou|1|-|wen|2|h|uai|2|}} |w=Tsou Wen-huai<br />
|j=Zau1 Man4 Waai4 |y=Jáu Màhn Wàaih |ci={{IPA|yue|tsɐ́u mɐ̏nwȁːi|}}<br />
|h=Tseu{{Su|p=1}} Wun{{Su|p=2}}-fai{{Su|p=2}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Raymond Chow Man-wai''' {{post-nominals|country=HKG|OBE|GBS}} ({{lang-zh|t=鄒文懷}}; 8 October 1927 – 2 November 2018) was a Hong Kong film producer and presenter. He was responsible for successfully launching [[martial arts]] and the [[Cinema of Hong Kong|Hong Kong cinema]] onto the international stage. As the founder of [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]], he produced some of the biggest stars of the [[martial arts film]] genre, including [[Bruce Lee]] and [[Jackie Chan]].<ref name="Raymond Chow, Hong Kong producer who found Bruce Lee, dies">{{cite news |title=Raymond Chow, Hong Kong producer who found Bruce Lee, dies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/03/raymond-chow-hong-kong-producer-who-found-bruce-lee-dies |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 November 2018|date=3 November 2018 |agency=Associated Press }}</ref> In 2020, he was inducted into the [[Martial Arts History Museum|Martial Arts History Museum Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://martialartsmuseum.com/about/hall-of-fame/ | title=Hall of Fame }}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
Of [[Hakka people|Hakka Han]] ethnicity, with ancestral roots in Taipu, Guangdong, Chow studied martial arts under the [[Hung Ga]] master [[Lam Sai-wing]].<ref name="Raymond Chow, 'Enter the Dragon' and 'Police Story' Producer, Dies at 91">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Trey |title=Raymond Chow, 'Enter the Dragon' and 'Police Story' Producer, Dies at 91 |url=https://www.msn.com/en-ca/entertainment/movies/news/raymond-chow-enter-the-dragon-and-police-story-producer-dies-at-91/ar-BBPhp8J |publisher=[[MSN#MSN.com|MSN]] |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> He attended [[Saint John's University, Shanghai]],<ref name="Chu">Chu, Yingchi. [2003] (2003). Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self. Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7007-1746-3}}</ref> and graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]] in journalism in 1949. He started working on the ''[[Hongkong Standard]]''.<ref name=vartur>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=1|date=4 April 1990|last=Armstrong|first=Nigel|title='Turtles' hurtles to a Hong Kong Chow-down}}</ref> In 1951, he joined the [[Voice of America]] office in Hong Kong.<ref name="Raymond Chow, film producer behind Bruce Lee, dies at 91">{{cite web |title=Raymond Chow, film producer behind Bruce Lee, dies at 91 |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/raymond-chow-film-producer-behind-bruce-lee-dies-at-91-37486304.html |website=[[Irish Independent]] |access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Raymond Chow Dies: Iconic Hong Kong Producer Launched Bruce Lee & Jackie Chan">{{cite web |last1=Boucher |first1=Geoff |last2=Pedersen |first2=Erik |title=Raymond Chow Dies: Iconic Hong Kong Producer Launched Bruce Lee & Jackie Chan |url=https://deadline.com/2018/11/raymond-chow-dead-producer-bruce-lee-jackie-chan-enter-the-dragon-1202494945/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=3 November 2018|date=2 November 2018 }}</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
Chow's film career began in 1958. He started as a publicity manager at [[Shaw Brothers]] but was soon made the head of publicity and was the head of production for 10 years until 1970.<ref name=vartur/> He leased [[Cathay Organisation|Cathay's studio]] and contracted its exhibition chain of 104 cinema theatres in Southeast Asia.<ref>Teo, Stephen (2009). ''Chinese Martial Arts: The Wuxia Tradition''. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pg. 111.</ref> At the time Cathay was a predominant force in the [[Cinema of Malaysia|Malaysian film industry]].<ref name="A Chinese movie mogul and the transformation of his movie empire—the Loke Wan Tho family and the Cathay Organisation in Southern China and Southeast Asia (1915–2000)">{{cite journal |last1=Po-yin Chung |first1=Stephanie |title=A Chinese movie mogul and the transformation of his movie empire—the Loke Wan Tho family and the Cathay Organisation in Southern China and Southeast Asia (1915–2000) |journal=Asia Europe Journal |volume=7 |issue=3–4 |pages=463–478 |year=2009 |doi=10.1007/s10308-009-0233-3 |s2cid=153783965 }}</ref><ref name="Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary">{{cite book |last1=Suryadinata |first1=Leo |title=Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2012 |publisher=ISEAS Publishing/Institute of Southeast Asia Studies |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-4345-22-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v9QEBAAAQBAJ&q=Cathay&pg=PA695}}</ref><br />
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When Cathay wanted to end the company's association in Hong Kong, Chow left Shaw Brothers to establish [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]] along with film producer [[Leonard Ho]] in 1970. He capitalised on the shortcomings of Shaw Brothers, who had a system that limited creativity, and was able to lure [[Bruce Lee]] into Golden Harvest, making it a serious competitor to Shaw Brothers following the release of ''[[The Big Boss]]'' (1971).<ref name=vartur/> Chow's films with Lee became the first Hong Kong films to reach a large worldwide audience.<ref name=vartur/> Under Chow's leadership, Golden Harvest would become the cornerstone for [[Cinema of Hong Kong|Hong Kong cinema]] leading Hong Kong box office sales for two decades from the 1970s to 1980s as well as expanding into international distribution.<ref name="Chu"/><ref name=vartur/> In 1981, the [[National Association of Theatre Owners]] named Chow their International Showman of the Year for his contributions to the US film industry following the success of ''[[The Cannonball Run]]''.<ref name=vartur/><br />
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Whilst Chow is credited with producing many films, in the audio commentary for the UK release of ''[[Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain]]'', [[Tsui Hark]] was asked the elementary question of Chow's role as a film producer, explained that this credit is mostly meaningless. Tsui stated that any producer's role at the studio was often nothing more than to [[greenlight]] and ensure funding of the project, and that producers such as Chow would rarely, if ever, set foot on the set during the making of the film.<ref>{{cite video|people=[[Tsui Hark]] and Bey Logan|title=[[Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain]], commentary track|medium=DVD|publisher=Hong Kong Legends|year=2002}}</ref> Raymond Chow officially announced his retirement in Hong Kong on 5 November 2007.<ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/english/entertainment/231053.htm Chow announces retirement]</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
Chow married Felicia Yuen Hei-wah (袁曦華) and they had a daughter [[Roberta Chow]] (鄒重珩) in 1963. Chow also had an affair with a media writer Ng Suk-fong (伍淑芳), with pen name of Lan Yan (藍茵). Ng gave birth to his illegitimate son Felix Chow (鄒重珏) in 1960, followed by a second son [[Terence Chow]] (鄒重瑾), in 1963. However Chow was unable to give Ng and their illegitimate children any legitimacy due to his marriage to Yuen, chose to separate with them but continued with financial support. Ng died of illness in 1967 and her two sons were raised by her sister.<ref>{{Cite web|title=鄒文懷追人妻育2私生子 每月只給情婦4000元 ｜ 蘋果新聞網 ｜ 蘋果日報|url=https://tw.appledaily.com/entertainment/20181102/ZOWPRXISHBNCH2ZI3WRR4NHBIM/|access-date=10 December 2020|website=蘋果新聞網|language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Raymond Chow obituary|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/raymond-chow-obituary-2ml5dfs3g|access-date=10 December 2020|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><br />
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Chow competed in international [[contract bridge]] tournaments and was a regular at the [[Royal Hong Kong Golf Club]].<ref name=vartur/><br />
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== Death ==<br />
Chow died in Hong Kong on 2 November 2018 at age 91 from cerebral edema. He was survived by a daughter with his late wife and two sons with his late mistress.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/raymond-chow-producer-who-made-stars-of-bruce-lee-and-jackie-chan-dies-at-91/2018/11/02/be05078c-dec6-11e8-b732-3c72cbf131f2_story.html |title=Raymond Chow, producer who made stars of Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan, dies at 91 |website=The Washington Post |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Raymond Chow, Hong Kong producer who found Bruce Lee, dies" /><br />
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[[File:Raymond Chow, Avenue of Stars.JPG|220px|thumb|Chow's star on the [[Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong]]]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.hkcinemagic.com/en/people.asp?id=37 Raymond Chow at HKcinemagic]<br />
* [http://www.vnufilmgroup.com/filmexpo/photos/pdf/A_Chow.pdf CineAsia 2007 Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815071757/http://www.vnufilmgroup.com/filmexpo/photos/pdf/A_Chow.pdf |date=15 August 2012 }}<br />
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{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-prec}}<br />
{{s-bef|before = [[John Estmond Strickland]]<br><small>''Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star''</small>}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title = [[Hong Kong order of precedence]]<br><small>''Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star''</small>}}<br />
{{s-aft|after = [[Cheng Hon-kwan]]<br><small>''Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star''</small>}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chow, Raymond}}<br />
[[Category:1927 births]]<br />
[[Category:Hong Kong chief executives]]<br />
[[Category:Hong Kong film producers]]<br />
[[Category:Hong Kong people of Hakka descent]]<br />
[[Category:2018 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Dabu]]<br />
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star]]<br />
[[Category:St. John's University, Shanghai alumni]]</div>103.97.2.77