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ko/DebianReleases > ko/DebianUnstable
Contents
소개
Debian Unstable (코드명 "Sid"로도 알려짐)은 엄밀히 말해 릴리스가 아니라 Debian에 도입된 최신 패키지를 포함하는 Debian 배포판의 롤링 개발 버전입니다.
모든 데비안 릴리스 이름과 마찬가지로 Sid는 ToyStory 캐릭터에서 이름을 따왔습니다. 영화에서 시드(Sid)는 장난감을 부수고 그것으로 불쾌한 생물을 만드는 옆집 아이입니다.
다른 릴리스 코드 이름이 "testing"에서 "stable"으로 시간이 지남에 따라 진행되는 동안 Sid는 영원히 불안정할 운명에 처해 있습니다. Sid는 항상 불안정한 가지입니다. 현재 "testing" 리포지토리가 완성되어 릴리스되면 "testing"은 최신 "stable" 릴리스가 됩니다. 거기에서 다음 계획된 코드 이름으로 새로운 "testing" 리포지토리가 생성되고 이전과 마찬가지로 패키지가 Sid에서 "testing"로 계속 흘러 내려갑니다.
Sid는 패키지가 관리자에 의해 업로드되고 FTP 마스터에 의해 릴리스가 승인된 후 이동하는 곳입니다. 패키지가 특정 기준을 충족하면 자동으로 Sid에서 현재 "testing" 저장소로 이동됩니다. "unstable" 저장소는 6시간마다 업데이트됩니다.
Sid는 패키지 관리자를 통해서만 보안 업데이트를 받습니다. 데비안 보안 팀은 현재 "stable" 릴리스에 대한 보안 업데이트만 유지합니다.
The sequence of package propagation in the Debian development process is as follows:
설치
There are no "unstable" full CD or DVD images. Due to the fact that the packages in "unstable" change so quickly, it is more appropriate for people to download and install "unstable" using a normal Debian FTP mirror.
If you are aware of the risks, choose one of the following ways to get set up on Sid:
Use the current "stable" installer to install a minimal stable system (recommended).
Change your apt sources to point to "unstable".
Run apt update and apt full-upgrade.
Use the current "testing" installer to install a minimal (next) stable system.
Change your apt sources to point to "unstable".
Run apt update and apt full-upgrade.
- Use the Unstable "mini.iso" image.
Download the "mini.iso" for your CPU architecture located here: https://d-i.debian.org/daily-images/ under */daily/netboot/
During the installation choose "Advanced options" -> "Expert install".
- In the step "Choose a mirror of the Debian archive" choose version "sid - unstable"
If you are already using a stable system use the method described above for upgrading to unstable changing your apt sources from "stable" (or the codename for the current stable) to "unstable".
자주하는 질문
What are some best practices for testing/sid users?
The most important thing is to keep in mind that you are participating in the development of Debian when you are tracking Testing or Unstable. This means that you should know your way around Linux, Debian, and the Debian packaging system.
There are a couple of things you can do in order to ease your life as a testing/sid user such as:
Consider (especially when using unstable) if you need to disable or remove unattended-upgrades in order to control when package updates take place.
Always be careful when you perform updates and check if the actions proposed by the package managing tools are in line with your wishes and expectations. (i.e. make sure that you do not remove a plethora of packages you need by blindly accepting the proposed action)
- Choose the right time to upgrade: when you have time to investigate any potential issue, and after saving your work and doing backups - not before some business trip!
Use apt upgrade instead of apt full-upgrade to avoid unwanted removal of any packages that you depend on.
- If a package cannot be upgraded safely put it on hold using apt-mark.
Install the apt-listbugs and apt-listchanges packages in order to be made aware of grave bugs or important changes when you install new packages or during an upgrade.
- Automatically create daily, weekly and monthly backups in order to ensure that corrupted data is not a problem. It's extremely uncommon for an update to corrupt user's data but backups also protect you from drive failures and human errors.
Use a Copy-On-Write (abbreviated as COW) supported filesystem like btrfs or take advantage of LVM snapshots. Take snapshots before and after an upgrade. In case, if the system is in unrecoverable position, rollback to the last snapshot from a system rescue LiveCD. A useful program for this, as well as regular system backups is timeshift
Consider subscribing to debian-devel-announce@lists.debian.org (very low-traffic mailing list, 1 to 10 per month) to be notified on future technical changes or possible problems.
Keep a good live CD/USB such as Debian Live around at all times so you can still work on the system even if it is not booting anymore.
Sid에 패키지 "X"가 있습니까?
You can track the status of any package by using the Debian Package Tracker.
패키지 "X"가 손상되었습니까?
If it doesn't work for you, then there's a good chance it's broken. Your problem may either be unique to your system or experienced between several users. Because of this, Debian has a Bug Tracking System (abbreviated as BTS). Feel free to submit a bug report if you don't see your bug already there. Please read How to report a bug using reportbug and reportbug if you are unsure how to write a good bug report.
Can I use Sid packages on "stable"?
Trying to do so is highly discouraged. Attempting to mix packages between Debian repositories will likely create an unusable system. For more information about best practices, check out DontBreakDebian.
If you wish to use newer software, it is best to install packages from Backports.
"testing"에 Sid 패키지를 사용할 수 있습니까?
Yes, with some care. This is referred to as a "Testing-Unstable Mix". Configuration is required to ensure a testing system stays on testing, without apt upgrading every package to the unstable version.
First, create /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20-tum.conf with these contents:
APT::Default-Release "testing";
Then, edit /etc/apt/sources.list and copy one testing line to unstable, for instance:
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main deb https://deb.debian.org/debian unstable main
Run apt update to refresh the cache. Use apt -t unstable install foo to install package foo from unstable rather than testing.
WARNINGS:
Synaptic (and possibly other gui package frontends) ignores the Default-Release setting. Set in Preferences->Distribution.
Make sure to remove 20-tum.conf and any unstable sources.list entry before testing is released as stable.
어디서 Sid에 대한 도움을 받을 수 있나요?
You can get help in the #debian-next channel on OFTC and on the mailing lists.
더 볼 것
- Unstable
Avoid using the unstable branch and Security support for the testing branch (from the "Securing Debian Manual")
Status/Unstable - Current status of Unstable.
For information about packages in Sid for your architecture, see auto-builder status.
Mailing list: debian-devel.
DebianReleases - more about the different Debian releases.
Debian Stable - The official Debian release (the one with the fewer bugs and fewer security issues).
Debian Testing - repository with packages from unstable, if no bugs are found within 10 days.