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Models covered
Qnap TS-433

There are similar devices by Qnap (TS-233, TS-133) that should be easy to support, the first obstacle is that there is no device-tree for those in mainline Linux.

Overall Status (as of Debian Trixie)

Note this document is still very work-in-progress, there are still a few rough edges:

• barebox must be compiled by yourself with a custom patch. That's also where the rk-usb-loader comes from

• The installer cannot make the system bootable, work in progress

Legend :
= OK ; Unsupported(No Driver) ; = Error (Couldn't get it working); [?] Unknown, Not Tested ; [-] Not-applicable
= Configuration Required; = Only works with a non-free driver and or firmware

Important Note

To install an open bootloader a jumper and a USB-A to USB-A cable is needed. A 3V3 serial is helpful.

For a proper power-down you need at least Linux 6.15.

Bootloader installation

booting via USB

• start with a completely powered off machine
• remove at least the two left harddisk trays
• put a jumper on the 2-pin header on the backplane behind the LED 4
• power on
• remove the jumper
• connect your PC and the front USB jack using a USB-A to USB-A cable

• download linux and initrd.gz from the arm64 netinstaller.

• run

  rk-usb-loader barebox-qnap-ts433.img
  sudo fastboot flash bbu-emmc barebox-qnap-ts433.img
  sudo fastboot flash kernel linux
  sudo fastboot flash initramfs initrd.gz
  sudo fastboot oem exec -- global linux.bootargs.bootspec=flash-kernel-installer/method=bootspec
  sudo fastboot oem exec -- bootm -r initramfs kernel

This installs the bootloader on eMMC and starts the installer.

Make sure to put /boot or / on the eMMC because that's where the bootloader can load kernel and initramfs from.

Without a serial you have to add a preseed.cfg to initrd.gz that starts the network-console installer. The following contents work for me:

d-i     debian-installer/locale select  en_US.UTF-8
d-i     localechooser/continentlist     select  Europe
d-i     localechooser/countrylist/Europe        select  DE
d-i     netcfg/choose_interface select  end0: Unknown interface
d-i     hw-detect/load_firmware boolean false
d-i     netcfg/get_hostname     string  meteor
d-i     netcfg/get_domain       string  kk4.kleine-koenig.org
d-i     mirror/country  string  DE
d-i     mirror/protocol select  http
d-i     mirror/http/mirror      select  deb.debian.org
d-i     mirror/http/proxy       string
d-i     anna/choose_modules     multiselect     fdisk-udeb, network-console
network-console network-console/password        password        1234
network-console network-console/password-again  password        1234

Configuration

lspci

$ lspci -nn
0001:10:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Rockchip Electronics Co., Ltd RK3568 Remote Signal Processor [1d87:3566] (rev 01)
0001:11:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB58x AHCI SATA controller [197b:0585]
0002:20:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Rockchip Electronics Co., Ltd RK3568 Remote Signal Processor [1d87:3566] (rev 01)
0002:21:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller [10ec:8125] (rev 05)

lsusb

# lsusb -v | grep -E '\<(Bus|iProduct|bDeviceClass|bDeviceProtocol)' 2>/dev/null
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
  bDeviceClass            9 Hub
  bDeviceProtocol         0 Full speed (or root) hub
  iProduct                2 EHCI Host Controller
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
  bDeviceClass            9 Hub
  bDeviceProtocol         0 Full speed (or root) hub
  iProduct                2 EHCI Host Controller
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
  bDeviceClass            9 Hub
  bDeviceProtocol         0 Full speed (or root) hub
  iProduct                2 Generic Platform OHCI controller
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
  bDeviceClass            9 Hub
  bDeviceProtocol         0 Full speed (or root) hub
  iProduct                2 Generic Platform OHCI controller
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
  bDeviceClass            9 Hub
  bDeviceProtocol         1 Single TT
  iProduct                2 xHCI Host Controller
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
  bDeviceClass            9 Hub
  bDeviceProtocol         3 
  iProduct                2 xHCI Host Controller

Resources

Attachments

Some configuration files and sample outputs.

Useful Links

Credits

CategoryDebianOn