April 2014 lunar eclipse

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Template:Short description Template:Good article Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox lunar eclipse A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, April 15, 2014,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 1.2918. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 6.9 days after apogee (on April 8, 2014, at 10:50 UTC) and 7.6 days before perigee (on April 22, 2014, at 20:20 UTC).[2]

This lunar eclipse is the first of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on October 8, 2014; April 4, 2015; and September 28, 2015.

Background

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's umbra (shadow). As the eclipse begins, the Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the shadow begins to "cover" part of the Moon, turning it a dark red-brown color (typically - the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of Rayleigh scattering (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish) and the refraction of that light by the Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.[3]

The following simulation shows the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through the Earth's shadow. The Moon's brightness is exaggerated within the umbral shadow. The northern portion of the Moon was closest to the center of the shadow, making it darkest, and most red in appearance.

File:Animation april 15 2014 lunar eclipse appearance.gif
Simulation of the appearance of the Moon just before, during and just after the eclipse

Description

File:2014-04-15 Lunar Eclipse Sketch.png
NASA chart of the eclipse
File:Mars oppositions 2003-2018.png
The planet Mars was near opposition, as shown in this geo-centered motion of Mars from 2003 to 2018.

On April 15, 2014, the Moon passed through the southern part of the Earth's umbral shadow.[4] It was visible over most of the western hemisphere, including eastern Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Ocean, and the Americas.[5] In the western Pacific, the first half of the eclipse occurred before moonrise. In Europe and Africa, the eclipse began just before moonset.[4] Mars, which had just passed its opposition, appeared at magnitude -1.5 about 9.5° northwest of the Moon.[5][4][6][7] Spica was 2° to the west, while Arcturus was 32° north. Saturn was 26° east and Antares 44° southeast.[4]

The Moon entered Earth's penumbral shadow at 4:53:40 UTC and the umbral shadow at 5:58:19. Totality lasted for 1 hour 17.8 minutes, from 7:06:46 to 8:24:34. The moment of greatest eclipse occurred at 7:45:39. At that point, the Moon's zenith was approximately Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of the Galápagos Islands. The Moon left the umbral shadow at 9:33:02 and the penumbral shadow at 10:37:33.[4]

The peak umbral magnitude was 1.29177, at which moment the northern part of the moon was 1.7 arc-minutes south of the center of Earth's shadow, while the southern part was 40.0 arc-minutes from center. The gamma of the eclipse was −0.3017.[4]

The eclipse was a member of Lunar Saros 122. It was the 56th such eclipse.[4]

File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2014Apr15.png File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2014Apr15.png
Hourly motion shown right to left 		File:April 2014 lunar eclipse sky view.png
The Moon's hourly motion across the Earth's shadow in the constellation of Virgo, near the star Spica with the planet Mars near, slightly west on the ecliptic.
File:Visibility Lunar Eclipse 2014-04-15.png
Visibility map

Timing

Local times of contacts
Time Zone
adjustments from
UTC 		+12h -9h -8h -7h -6h -5h -4h -3h
NZST HDT AKDT PDT MDT CDT
PET 		EDT
BOT 		ADT
AMST
ART
Event Evening 15 April Evening 14 April Morning 15 April
P1 Penumbral begins* Under Horizon 7:54 pm 8:54 pm 9:54 pm 10:54 pm 11:54 pm 12:54 am 1:54 am
U1 Partial begins 5:58 pm 8:58 pm 9:58 pm 10:58 pm 11:58 pm 12:58 am 1:58 am 2:58 am
U2 Total begins 7:07 pm 10:07 pm 11:07 pm 12:07 am 1:07 am 2:07 am 3:07 am 4:07 am
Mid-eclipse 7:46 pm 10:46 pm 11:46 pm 12:46 am 1:46 am 2:46 am 3:46 am 4:46 am
U3 Total ends 8:25 pm 11:25 pm 12:25 am 1:25 am 2:25 am 3:25 am 4:25 am 5:25 am
U4 Partial ends 9:33 pm 12:33 am 1:33 am 2:33 am 3:33 am 4:33 am 5:33 am 6:33 am
P4 Penumbral ends 10:38 pm 1:38 am 2:38 am 3:38 am 4:38 am 5:38 am 6:38 am Set

* The penumbral phase of the eclipse changes the appearance of the Moon only slightly and is generally not noticeable.[8]

File:Lunar eclipse contact diagram.svg
Contact points relative to the earth's umbral and penumbral shadows, here with the moon near is descending node

Template:Total lunar eclipse contacts

Viewing events

Many museums and observatories planned special events for the eclipse. The United States National Park Service sponsored events at Great Basin National Park and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.[9] The University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy held events at two locations on the islands.[10] The Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, California streamed the eclipse live on the Internet.[5]

NASA hosted two live question-and-answer sessions online. The first happened roughly 12 hours before the eclipse via Reddit's Ask Me Anything. The second was a web chat hosted on NASA's site just before the eclipse began. NASA also streamed the eclipse live on their website.[11] NASA TV provided 3 hours of live coverage beginning at 2 a.m. EDT.[12]

Gallery

Relation to prophecy

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Starting in 2008, Christian pastors John Hagee and Mark Biltz began teaching "blood moon prophecies": Biltz said the Second Coming of Jesus would occur at the end of the tetrad that began with the April 2014 eclipse, while Hagee said only that the tetrad is a sign of something significant.[13] The idea gained popular media attention in the United States, and prompted a response from the scientific radio show Earth & Sky.[5][14] According to Christian Today, only a "small group of Christians" saw the eclipse as having religious significance, despite the attention.[15]

Eclipse details

Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular lunar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[16]

April 15, 2014 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 2.31934
Umbral Magnitude 1.29177
Gamma −0.30174
Sun Right Ascension 01h33m40.0s
Sun Declination +09°46'27.6"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'56.6"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 13h33m21.1s
Moon Declination -10°02'59.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'30.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°56'56.4"
ΔT 67.4 s

Eclipse season

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of April 2014
April 15
Ascending node (full moon)
 April 29
Descending node (new moon)
File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2014Apr15.png File:SE2014Apr29A.png
Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 122		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 148

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 2014

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Lunar Saros 122

Inex

Triad

Lunar eclipses of 2013–2016

Template:Lunar eclipse set 2013-2016

Saros 122

Template:Lunar Saros series 122

Tritos series

Template:Lunar Tritos series May 2003

Inex series

Template:Lunar Inex series April 2014

Half-Saros cycle

A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[17] This lunar eclipse is related to two hybrid total/annualar solar eclipses of solar saros 129.

April 8, 2005 April 20, 2023
File:SE2005Apr08H.png File:SE2023Apr20H.png

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros

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External links

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Template:Lunar eclipses

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