User:Pengo/micro
Microbiology
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Nitrogen Cycle
- Nitrosomonas: Nitrification of Ammonia to Nitrates
- Nitrobacter: Nitrification of Nitrites to Nitrates
- Pseudomonas Bacillus: Denitrifcation of Nitrates to Nitrites and N2O and Nitrogen (N2)
Fungi
Organisms
Yeasts - Botritis - Propionibacterium - Lactobacillus - Acetobacter - Penicillium - Streptomyces - Rhizobium - Rumen bacteria - Compost bacteria -
Bacterial diseases and bacteria
provide the full biological name + part of body affected + gram staining response + morphology (shape):
- Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
- Meningitis (bacterial, viral, chemical, or tumour cells)
- Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis and related bacterium)
- Typhoid (bacterium, Salmonella typhi)
- Cholera (bacterium, Vibrio cholerae)
- Syphilis (spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum)
- Plague (bacterium, Yersinia pestis)
- Pneumonia (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
- Legionnaires' disease (bacterium, Legionella pneumophila)
- Tuberculosis (bacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Anthrax (bacterium, Bacillus anthracis)
- Tetanus (bacterium, gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic, rod-shaped Clostridium tetani)
- Gonorrhoea (bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
- Staphylococcus aureus (bacterium, gram-positive, pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia) [1] [2] [3]
- Escherichia coli (bacterium, rod shaped. mostly harmless. dysentery (esp. in children), urinary tract infection, peritonitis)
- Mycobacterium bovis
- Yersinia pestis (bacterium, gram-negative, rod-shaped, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague
- Treponema pallidum (bacterium, spirochaete, syphilis, yaws, bejel)
- anthrax (bacterium, rod-shaped, gram-positive Bacillus anthracis)
- botulism (bacterium, rod-shaped, spore-forming, anaerobic, Clostridium botulinum)
- Brucella melitensis
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Bacillus stearothermophilus (bacterium, gram-positive, [4])
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas septicemia, urinary tract infection, Pseudomonas pneumonia and chronic lung infections, endocarditis, dermatitis, and osteochondritis.
Viruses
Viral gastroenteritis CDC
- rotaviruses*
- adenoviruses*
- caliciviruses*
- astroviruses* [5]
- Norwalk virus*, and
- a group of Noroviruses*
Non-viral gastroenteritis
- Salmonella outbreaks in potato salad or other egg-based dishes
- E. coli (Escherichia coli) in some undercooked meat
- lactose intolerance
- more about foodborne illness*: (CDC)
* no need to learn
Childhood Diseases
- Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
- Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis and related bacterium)
- German measles (rubella virus)
fecal/oral diseases
- typhoid fever - bacteria
- cholera
- gastroenteritis- e.g. from chicken/eggs
- dysentery - blood in fecies - two causes
- shigellosis - Shigella bacteria (several types)
- amoebic dysentery - amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.
AIDS/HIV SARS
useful microbes
- saccharomyces - bread, wine, beer, vegemite
- cultivated mushroom - Agaricus bisporus
- vein cheeses - Penicillium
- sweet wine - Botrytis cinerea (noble rot)
- yogurt - Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus bulgaricus
- sauerkraut - acetobacter
- Antibiotics
- xenobiotic - xenobiotic compounds
- "The good bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii ousted the harmful Clostridium perfringens from chicks' guts"
microbiological terms
- aerobe, anaerobe and microaerophile
- mesophile, psychrophile and thermophile
- acidophile and organotroph
- pathogen and commensal
- Peptidoglycan, bacteria skin.
- virus; bacteria
- Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota) (memorise at least three differences)
- Antibiotics: Streptomyces
- Vitamins & amino acids
- Enzymes: Proteases & amylases
- Sewage & wastewater
- Streptomyces as antibiotic producers
- zoonosis
- refractile (of bacterial spores)
- pasteurization, sterilization, disinfection. (and bacterial spores)
- cocci (and morphological groupings)
- bacterial capsule
- capsule, glycocalyx, slime layer
- What are capsules made of (give two or three specific examples)
- plasmid
- bacterial nucleoid
- polyphosphate
- membranes of eubacteria and archaea
- phospholipid
- Glycogen
- lysozyme and penicillin affect bacterial cell walls
- components of peptidoglycan
- an aerobe and an anaerobe
- an antibiotic and an antibody
- Bacillus and Clostridium
- a toxin and an enterotoxin
- a peritrichousbacterium and a lophotrichous bacterium
- Rhizobium and Agrobacterium
- Clostridium tetani gram stain
- ultrastructure of a bacterial spore: spore coat, exosporium, core wall, cortex, core.
Microbe inards:
- muramic acid
- glycogen
- plasmid
- dipicolinic acid
- Rhizobium
- 70S ribosomes
- Agrobacterium
- endospores
- polyphosphate
- peptidoglycan
- chloroplasts
- flagella
- nucleoids
- poly--hydroxy butyrate
- flagellin
- mitochondria
- Streptomyces
- glycocalyx
- Lactobacillus
- periplasm
- What is the structure of bacterial endospores
- Clostridium tetani
Microorganisms used in practical classes
- Prac 1: A Bacillus cereus, B Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Prac 3: A Bacillus cereus, B Staphylococcus epidermidis, C Escherichia coli, D Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E Saccharomyces cerevisae, Also mentioned (p57): Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Salmonella sp., Streptococcus, Vibrio sp., Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Azotobacter, Rhizobium.
- Prac 4: A Escherichia coli, B Bacillus subtilis, C Bacillus cereus, D Pseudomonas fluorescens [6], E Pseudomonas aeruginosa [7], F Staphlococcus, G Vibrio natriegens (syn: Beneckea natriegens, Pseudomonas natriegens), H Lactobacillus sp., MEA Saccharomyces
- Prac 5: Vibrio natriegens