Moin
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Moin, moi or mojn is a Low German, Frisian, High German (Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang".),[1] Danish (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[2] (Script error: No such module "Lang".) greeting from East Frisia, Northern Germany, the eastern and northern Netherlands, Southern Jutland in Denmark and parts of Kashubia in northern Poland. The greeting is also used in Finnish.
It means "hello" and, in some places, "goodbye" too.
Usage
Moin is used at all times of day, not just in the morning (see Etymology section below).[3] The reduplicated form moin moin is often heard,[4] although some authors claim it is regarded by locals as tourists' usage.[5]
Etymology
Template:Sister project Due to the similarity of the words one might think that moin derives from various regional pronunciations of Script error: No such module "Lang". ("good morning"), which tend to alter, vocalise, or skip rg. However, the word may actually also derive from the Dutch, Frisian, and Low German word Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "beautiful" or "good".[3][5] Similar forms in Low Saxon are Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".. Possibly, as is common in etymology, one origin is correct (from Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang".) but spread thanks to its oral assimilation with the other term.
The Luxembourgish cognate of the word is Script error: No such module "Lang"., which can mean either "hi" or "morning" (Script error: No such module "Lang". means "good morning!"). Interestingly, in the area of Germany bordering Luxembourg, it is common to use Script error: No such module "Lang"., instead of Script error: No such module "Lang"..
Unlike Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". can be used at any time of day. It is semantically equivalent to the Low Saxon (Plattdüütsch) greeting Script error: No such module "Lang". and replaced it in many areas. In Hessen, Script error: No such module "Lang". is used for hello and good bye, but Script error: No such module "Lang". is solely used for good bye. The double form Script error: No such module "Lang". is also used as an all day greeting in for example Flensburg that belonged to Denmark until 1864.
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In Finland, a similar greeting Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is used for "hello", "hi" in the Finnish language. It may have been borrowed from German in the 19th century. The earliest records of the word occur in Southeast Finland, which had strong connection through Viipuri to partially German-speaking Estonia and Latvia.[6] However, Script error: No such module "Lang". is used as a good bye, similarly to "bye bye" in English, even with a similar intonation. Both are particularly typical of Southwestern Finnish, but through internal migration spread to the capital and with the help of TV to the rest of the language area. Script error: No such module "Lang".'s use is identical to that of Script error: No such module "Lang".: diminutive forms Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang"., and duplication as a good bye.
Script error: No such module "Lang". is found in some parts of Finland and has also been used in the same way as Script error: No such module "Lang".. It is theorised that it comes from Tampere due to its large number of foreign workers and like Script error: No such module "Lang". has been borrowed from morrow and abbreviated.
Script error: No such module "Lang". is also used in Dutch Low Saxon dialects in the eastern part of the provinces Groningen and Drenthe.