Michael V Kalaphates

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Michael V Kalaphates (Template:Langx, Michaḗl Kalaphátēs) was Byzantine emperor for four months in 1041–1042. He was the nephew and successor of Michael IV and the adoptive son of Michael IV's wife Empress Zoe. He was popularly called "the Caulker" (Kalaphates) in accordance with his father's original occupation.

Family

Michael V was the son of a couple named Stephen and Maria. His birth date is not known, but is sometimes given as Template:Circa 1015,Template:Sfn probably because he was considered "young" in 1035.Template:Sfn Michael's mother was a sister of the Byzantine emperor Michael IV, and Stephen had been a caulker before becoming an admiral under Michael IV and then botching an expedition to Sicily. Although the emperor preferred another of his nephews, the future Michael V was advanced as heir to the throne by his other uncle John the Orphanotrophos and the Empress Zoe.Template:Sfn In 1035, Michael IV granted him the title of kaisar (caesar), and, together with Zoe, adopted his nephew as a son.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Michael IV died on 10 December 1041 and Michael V was proclaimed emperor three days later by Zoe.Template:Sfn

Reign

Determined to rule on his own, Michael V came into conflict with his uncle John the Orphanotrophos, whom he almost immediately banished to a monastery.Template:Sfn Michael now reversed his uncle's decisions, recalling the nobles and courtiers who had been exiled during the previous reign, including the future patriarch Michael Keroularios and the general George Maniakes. Maniakes was promptly sent back to Southern Italy in order to contain the advance of the Normans.

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Michael V banishes Zoe to a monastery.

On the night of 18 April to 19 April 1042, Michael V banished his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe, for plotting to poison him, to the island of Principo,Template:Sfn thus becoming sole emperor. His announcement of the event in the morning led to a popular revolt; the palace was surrounded by a mob demanding Zoe's immediate restoration.Template:Sfn The demand was met, and Zoe was brought back, though still in a nun's habit.Template:Sfn Presenting Zoe to the crowds in the Hippodrome did not quell the public's outrage over Michael's actions. The masses attacked the palace from multiple directions. The emperor's soldiers attempted to fight them off and by April 21, an estimated three thousand people from both sides had died. Once inside the palace, the mob pillaged valuables and tore up the tax rolls. Also on 21 April 1042 Zoe's sister Theodora, who had been removed from her nunnery against her will earlier in the uprising, was declared Empress.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In response, Michael fled to seek safety in the monastery of the Stoudion together with his remaining uncle, Constantine.Template:Sfn Although he had taken monastic vows, Michael was arrested, blindedTemplate:Sfn and sent to a monastery by then-Chief of the Varangian Guard, Harald Hardrada.

See also

• List of Byzantine emperors

Sources

• Template:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 

Further reading

• Michael Psellus, Fourteen Byzantine Rulers, trans. E.R.A. Sewter (Penguin, 1966). Template:ISBN
• Michael Angold, The Byzantine empire 1025–1204 (Longman, 2nd edition, 1997). Template:ISBN
• Jonathan Harris, Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium (Hambledon/Continuum, 2007). Template:ISBN
• The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (Oxford University Press, 1991) Template:ISBN

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